High-speed input device and power control circuit

Abstract

This high-speed input device (1) comprises a first electrode (2), a second electrode (3), and a discharge induction mechanism (5). The second electrode (3) is separated from the first electrode (2). The discharge induction mechanism (5) induces discharge between the first electrode (2) and the second electrode (3). The discharge induction mechanism (5) includes a voltage generation element (35) and a non-electrical energy application unit (7) capable of applying non-electrical energy to the voltage generation element (35).

Description

High-speed input device and power control circuit

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a fast turn-on device and a power control circuit.

[0002] Japanese Utility Model Application Publication No. 62-13775 (Japanese Utility Model Application Laid-Open Publication No. 63-123026) discloses a high-speed closing device comprising a fixed electrode, a movable electrode, a trigger electrode, a trigger voltage generator, and a controller. When a closing command signal is given to the controller, the controller gives a start signal to the trigger voltage generator. The trigger voltage generator receives the start signal and applies a trigger voltage between the fixed electrode and the trigger electrode. A first discharge occurs between the fixed electrode and the trigger electrode, and then, due to the influence of the first discharge, a second discharge occurs between the movable electrode and the fixed electrode.

[0003] Microfilm of Utility Model Application No. 62-13775 (Utility Model Application No. 63-123026)

[0004] In Patent Document 1, in order to generate a first discharge between the fixed electrode and the trigger electrode, the trigger voltage generating unit must be configured with a high-voltage circuit. Furthermore, the control unit must be configured with a control circuit that controls the high-voltage circuit. However, the high-voltage circuit and the control circuit that controls the high-voltage circuit are expensive and have low long-term reliability. The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a high-speed closing device and a power control circuit that are cheaper and have higher long-term reliability.

[0005] The high-speed closing device of the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a discharge inducing mechanism. The second electrode is spaced apart from the first electrode. The discharge inducing mechanism induces a discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode. The discharge inducing mechanism includes a voltage generating element and a non-electrical energy applying unit that can apply non-electrical energy to the voltage generating element.

[0006] The power control circuit of the present disclosure includes a module circuit and the rapid closing device of the present disclosure, the rapid closing device being electrically connected in parallel with the module circuit.

[0007] In the fast-closing device and power control circuit of the present disclosure, the trigger voltage is generated by a voltage generating element, rather than by a high-voltage circuit and a control circuit that controls the high-voltage circuit, so the fast-closing device and power control circuit are lower in cost and have higher long-term reliability.

[0008] 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a certain operating state of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 1. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an operating state subsequent to the operating state shown in FIG. 3 of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 1. FIG. 3 is a schematic partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the high-speed insertion device of a first modified example of embodiment 1. FIG. 4 is a schematic partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the high-speed insertion device of a second modified example of embodiment 1. FIG. 5 is a schematic partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the high-speed insertion device of the second modified example of embodiment 1. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 2. FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a certain operating state of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 2. FIG. 8 is a schematic partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 3. FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a certain operating state of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 3. FIG. 10 is a schematic partially enlarged cross-sectional view of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 4. FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a certain operating state of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 4. FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an operating state subsequent to the operating state shown in FIG. 14 of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 4. 23 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a certain operating state of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 5. FIG. 24 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operating state subsequent to the operating state shown in FIG. 17 of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 5. FIG. 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 6. FIG. 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the certain operating state of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 6. FIG. 27 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operating state subsequent to the operating state shown in FIG. 20 of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 6. FIG. 28 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 7. FIG. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operating state subsequent to the operating state shown in FIG. 23 of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 7. FIG. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operating state subsequent to the operating state shown in FIG. 24 of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 8. FIG. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the operating state subsequent to the operating state shown in FIG. 27 of the high-speed insertion device of embodiment 8.Fig. 29 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the next operating state of the rapid closing device of embodiment 8 after the operating state shown in Fig. 28. Fig. 30 is a schematic diagram of a power conversion device of embodiment 9. Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of a power control circuit of embodiment 9.

[0009] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described. Note that the same reference numerals are used to designate the same components, and the description thereof will not be repeated.

[0010] Embodiment 1. A rapid closing device 1 according to embodiment 1 will be described with reference to Figure 1. The rapid closing device 1 is electrically connected in parallel to an electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1. The rapid closing device 1 quickly diverts a fault current away from the electrical device to prevent the electrical device from being damaged by the fault current. The rapid closing device 1 includes a first electrode 2, a second electrode 3, and a discharge inducing mechanism 5. The rapid closing device 1 may further include a container 10, a sliding member 28, and an insulating member 33.

[0011] The vessel 10 includes a first main electrode 11, a second main electrode 12, and an insulating hollow body 13. The first main electrode 11 and the second main electrode 12 are electrically connected to an electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid input device 1.

[0012] The first main electrode 11 closes one open end of the insulating hollow body 13. The first main electrode 11 is made of a metal material such as copper (Cu).

[0013] The second main electrode 12 is spaced apart from the first main electrode 11. Specifically, the second main electrode 12 is spaced apart from the first main electrode 11 by an insulating hollow body 13. The second main electrode 12 covers the other open end of the insulating hollow body 13. The second main electrode 12 is formed of a metal material such as copper (Cu). The second main electrode 12 may be formed of the same material as the first main electrode 11.

[0014] The second main electrode 12 includes a flange portion 12a and a cylindrical portion 12b. The flange portion 12a covers the other open end of the insulating hollow body 13. The cylindrical portion 12b is connected to the flange portion 12a. The cylindrical portion 12b protrudes from the flange portion 12a on the side opposite the insulating hollow body 13 with respect to the flange portion 12a. A through hole 12c is provided in the second main electrode 12. Specifically, the through hole 12c is provided in the flange portion 12a and the cylindrical portion 12b. A portion of the second electrode 3 is disposed within the through hole 12c. The through hole 12c may function as a guide hole for the movable electrode 21.

[0015] The insulating hollow body 13 electrically insulates the second main electrode 12 from the first main electrode 11. The insulating hollow body 13 is made of an insulating material such as ceramic, bulk molding compound (BMC) or glass epoxy.

[0016] The first main electrode 11, the second main electrode 12, and the insulating hollow body 13 form an insulating space 14 within the container 10. The medium of the insulating space 14 may be an insulating gas such as air or sulfur hexafluoride, or may be a vacuum.

[0017] The first electrode 2 is electrically connected to an electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid insertion device 1 via the first main electrode 11. The first electrode 2 may be a fixed electrode 16. The first electrode 2 may be formed integrally with the first main electrode 11, for example. The first electrode 2 may be disposed within the insulating space 14 of the container 10. The first electrode 2 is formed of a conductive material. The first electrode 2 is formed of a metal material such as copper (Cu), for example. The first electrode 2 may be formed of the same material as the first main electrode 11.

[0018] The second electrode 3 is electrically connected to an electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the high-speed input device 1 via the second main electrode 12 and the sliding member 28. The second electrode 3 may be a movable electrode 21 that is movable relative to the fixed electrode 16 and the second main electrode 12. The second electrode 3 may be inserted into the through-hole 12c of the container 10. The second electrode 3 is made of a conductive material. The second electrode 3 is made of a metal material such as copper (Cu). The second electrode 3 may be made of the same material as the second main electrode 12. The second electrode 3 may be made of the same material as the first electrode 2.

[0019] The second electrode 3 includes an end 22 and an end 23 opposite the end 22. The ends 22, 23 are, for example, both longitudinal ends of the second electrode 3. The end 22 of the second electrode 3 faces the first electrode 2. The end 22 of the second electrode 3 may be disposed within the insulating space 14 of the container 10. The end 23 of the second electrode 3 faces the movable member 41. The second electrode 3 has a hole 24 extending from the end 22 to the end 23. The second electrode 3 is a hollow conductor.

[0020] At least one sliding member 28 is disposed between the movable electrode 21 and the container 10 within the through-hole 12c of the container 10. More specifically, the sliding member 28 is disposed between the movable electrode 21 and the second main electrode 12 and is in contact with the movable electrode 21 and the second main electrode 12. The sliding member 28 is formed of a conductive material such as metal and electrically connects the movable electrode 21 and the second main electrode 12. The sliding member 28 is, for example, a ring-shaped spring. The sliding member 28 is fixed to the movable electrode 21 or the second main electrode 12.

[0021] A plurality of sliding members 28 may be disposed between the movable electrode 21 and the second main electrode 12 in the through-hole 12c of the container 10. Since the contact area between the sliding members 28 and the movable electrode 21 and the contact area between the sliding members 28 and the second main electrode 12 are increased, even if a large current flows through the movable electrode 21, heat generation caused by the contact resistance between the sliding members 28 and the movable electrode 21 and the contact resistance between the sliding members 28 and the second main electrode 12 can be reduced.

[0022] The discharge inducing mechanism 5 induces a discharge between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a voltage generating element 35 and a non-electrical energy application unit 7. The discharge inducing mechanism 5 may further include a conductive plate 26 and a trigger electrode 30.

[0023] The voltage-generating element 35 includes an end 36 and an end 37 opposite to the end 36. When non-electrical energy such as mechanical energy, thermal energy, or magnetic energy is applied to the voltage-generating element 35, a potential difference is generated between the end 36 and the end 37, causing the voltage-generating element 35 to output a trigger voltage. The voltage-generating element 35 is, for example, a piezoelectric element that generates a voltage when mechanical energy (e.g., pressure) is applied to it. The piezoelectric element is formed of a dielectric material having a piezoelectric effect, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT).

[0024] The voltage-generating element 35 is disposed in the hole 24 of the second electrode 3. The voltage-generating element 35 is electrically connected to the second electrode 3 and the trigger electrode 30. For example, the voltage-generating element 35 may be electrically connected to the second electrode 3 via the conductive plate 26. The voltage-generating element 35 may be in contact with the trigger electrode 30.

[0025] The trigger electrode 30 is spaced apart from the first electrode 2 and is electrically insulated from the first electrode 2. The trigger electrode 30 may be disposed within the hole 24 of the second electrode 3. The trigger electrode 30 is electrically insulated from the second electrode 3 by an insulating member 33 and a voltage generating element 35. The distance between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3 is narrower than the distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.

[0026] The trigger electrode 30 includes end portions 31 and 32. The end portions 31 and 32 are, for example, both longitudinal ends of the trigger electrode 30. The end portion 31 of the trigger electrode 30 is proximal to the end portion 22 of the second electrode 3 and faces the space between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The end portion 31 of the trigger electrode 30 is separated from the end portion 22 of the second electrode 3 by an insulating member 33. The end portion 31 of the trigger electrode 30 faces the first electrode 2 and is disposed within the container 10. The distance between the end portion 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end portion 22 of the second electrode 3 is smaller than the distance between the first electrode 2 and the end portion 22 of the second electrode 3. The end portion 31 of the trigger electrode 30 may be disposed closer to the end portion 22 of the second electrode 3 than to the first electrode 2. The end portion 32 of the trigger electrode 30 is proximal to the end portion 23 of the second electrode 3. An end 32 of the trigger electrode 30 contacts an end 36 of a voltage generating element 35 .

[0027] The conductive plate 26 electrically connects the second electrode 3 and the voltage-generating element 35. Specifically, the conductive plate 26 is disposed on an end 23 of the second electrode 3 and is in contact with the second electrode 3. The conductive plate 26 is disposed on an end 37 of the voltage-generating element 35 and is in contact with the voltage-generating element 35.

[0028] The non-electrical energy application unit 7 applies non-electrical energy such as mechanical energy, thermal energy, or magnetic energy to the voltage generation element 35. In this embodiment, the non-electrical energy application unit 7 is a driving unit 40 that applies mechanical energy (e.g., pressure) to the voltage generation element 35.

[0029] The drive unit 40 includes a movable member 41, a housing 43, and a moving mechanism 44. The movable member 41 can move relative to the housing 43. The movable member 41 is, for example, a movable rod 42. The movable member 41 can press the voltage-generating element 35 to apply mechanical energy such as pressure to the voltage-generating element 35. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 , the movable member 41 presses the conductive plate 26 to press the voltage-generating element 35 in contact with the conductive plate 26. The housing 43 accommodates the movable member 41. The moving mechanism 44 can move the movable member 41. The moving mechanism 44 can be, for example, a linear mechanism including a ball screw and a motor, or a movable lever. When the second electrode 3 is the movable electrode 21, the movable member 41 can move the movable electrode 21.

[0030] The insulating member 33 has, for example, a cylindrical shape and is disposed within the hole 24 of the second electrode 3. The trigger electrode 30 and the voltage generating element 35 are disposed within the hole of the insulating member 33. The insulating member 33 is disposed between the second electrode 3 and the trigger electrode 30, and electrically insulates the trigger electrode 30 from the second electrode 3. The insulating member 33 is disposed between the second electrode 3 and the voltage generating element 35. The insulating member 33 is formed of an insulating material such as ceramic, bulk molding compound (BMC), or glass epoxy.

[0031] 1 to 4, the operation of the high-speed closing device 1 of this embodiment when the first electrode 2 is the fixed electrode 16 and the second electrode 3 is the movable electrode 21 will be described.

[0032] When no fault current is detected, the movable electrode 21 is separated from the fixed electrode 16 by a distance d, as shown in Fig. 1. The distance d is equal to or greater than the insulation distance between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. Therefore, even if a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to an electrical device (not shown) connected in parallel to the rapid closing device 1 is applied between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21, the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 will not be electrically connected to each other. A normal current will flow through the electrical device.

[0033] When a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the non-electrical energy application unit 7 (e.g., the drive unit 40). The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable member 41 (movable rod 42) toward the movable electrode 21. As shown in FIG. 2 , the movable member 41 and the voltage generation element 35 are pressed by the movable member 41 via the conductive plate 26. Because the voltage generation element 35 is a piezoelectric element, a trigger voltage is generated between the end 36 and the end 37 of the voltage generation element 35.

[0034] An end 36 of the voltage-generating element 35 is in contact with an end 32 of the trigger electrode 30. An end 37 of the voltage-generating element 35 is in contact with the conductive plate 26, which is in contact with the movable electrode 21. Therefore, the trigger voltage generated in the voltage-generating element 35 is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the movable electrode 21. A voltage greater than the breakdown voltage of the medium between the trigger electrode 30 and the movable electrode 21 is applied between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 22 of the movable electrode 21. In this way, a first discharge 50 is generated between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 22 of the movable electrode 21.

[0035] Due to the first discharge 50, charged particles are generated between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. The charged particles reduce the breakdown voltage of the medium between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. Because the first main electrode 11 and the second main electrode 12 are connected in parallel to the electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1, a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to the electrical device is applied between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. The voltage applied between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 becomes greater than the reduced breakdown voltage of the medium between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. Thus, as shown in FIG. 3 , a second discharge 52 is generated between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. Before the movable electrode 21 contacts the fixed electrode 16, a conductive path is formed between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 by the second discharge 52, and the movable electrode 21 is electrically connected to the fixed electrode 16. Therefore, before the movable electrode 21 comes into contact with the fixed electrode 16, the path of the fault current is switched from the electrical device to the rapid closing device 1.

[0036] The movable member 41 further presses the movable electrode 21, causing it to move toward the fixed electrode 16. As shown in FIG. 4 , the movable electrode 21 comes into contact with the fixed electrode 16. The conduction between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 switches from conduction via the second discharge 52 to conduction due to the contact between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. The fault current continues to flow through the quick closing device 1. In this way, the electrical equipment can be protected from the fault current.

[0037] 5 , in a first modification of the present embodiment, movable member 41 includes movable rod 42, pressing member 45, and an elastic member such as spring 46. Pressing member 45 can press voltage-generating element 35 and movable electrode 21 via conductive plate 26. The elastic member is connected to movable rod 42 and pressing member 45.

[0038] Referring to FIG. 6 , in a second modification of the present embodiment, the movable member 41 includes a movable rod 42, a pressing member 45, and a charged spring 46. The pressing member 45 can press the voltage-generating element 35 and the movable electrode 21 via the conductive plate 26. The charged spring 46 is connected to the housing 43 and the pressing member 45. The pressing member 45 can be pressed by the movable rod 42 and can be biased by the charged spring 46. The length of the charged spring 46 is shorter than its natural length. Specifically, the drive unit 40 includes a stopper 47. The stopper 47 is, for example, a plunger. When no fault current is detected, the pressing member 45 is in contact with the stopper 47. Therefore, the length of the spring 46 is shorter than its natural length, and the spring 46 is charged. The stopper 47 prevents the pressing member 45 from moving toward the voltage generating element 35 and the movable electrode 21 against the biasing force of the charged spring 46 .

[0039] 7 , when a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the drive unit 40. The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable rod 42 toward the movable electrode 21. The movable rod 42 comes into contact with the pressing member 45. The pressing force of the movable rod 42, in addition to the biasing force of the energized spring 46, acts on the pressing member 45. The stopper 47 cannot resist the biasing force of the energized spring 46 and the pressing force of the movable rod 42, and allows the pressing member 45 to move toward the voltage generating element 35 and the movable electrode 21. The pressing member 45 moves toward the voltage generating element 35 and the movable electrode 21 and presses the voltage generating element 35 and the movable electrode 21 via the conductive plate 26.

[0040] In a third modification of this embodiment, the voltage generating element 35 may be an induction coil that outputs magnetic energy.

[0041] The effects of the high-speed closing device 1 of this embodiment will be described. The high-speed closing device 1 of this embodiment includes a first electrode 2, a second electrode 3, and a discharge inducing mechanism 5. The second electrode 3 is spaced apart from the first electrode 2. The discharge inducing mechanism 5 induces a discharge between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a voltage generating element 35 and a non-electrical energy applying unit 7 that can apply non-electrical energy to the voltage generating element 35.

[0042] Since the trigger voltage is generated by the voltage generating element 35, a high voltage circuit and a control circuit for controlling the high voltage circuit are not required, and therefore the rapid closing device 1 has lower costs and higher long-term reliability.

[0043] In the high-speed charging device 1 of this embodiment, the discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a trigger electrode 30 connected to a voltage generating element 35. The second electrode 3 and the trigger electrode 30 are electrically connected to the voltage generating element 35. The trigger electrode 30 includes an end 31 facing the space between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3 is smaller than the distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.

[0044] Therefore, even if the trigger voltage generated by the voltage generating element 35 is smaller, a discharge can be induced between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The high-speed closing device 1 can be made smaller.

[0045] In the high-speed input device 1 of this embodiment, the voltage generating element 35 is disposed in the hole 24 of the second electrode 3 .

[0046] This makes it possible to reduce the size of the high-speed closing device 1. The high-speed closing device 1 of this embodiment further includes an insulating member 33. The insulating member 33 is disposed between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3.

[0047] Therefore, the trigger electrode 30 can be disposed close to the second electrode 3. The high-speed injection device 1 can be made smaller.

[0048] In the rapid insertion device 1 of this embodiment, the voltage generating element 35 includes a first end (end 36) and a second end (end 37) opposite the first end. The discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a conductive plate 26. The trigger electrode 30 is in contact with the first end. The conductive plate 26 is in contact with the second end and the second electrode 3.

[0049] Since the trigger voltage is generated by the voltage generating element 35, a high voltage circuit and a control circuit for controlling the high voltage circuit are not required, and therefore the rapid closing device 1 has lower costs and higher long-term reliability.

[0050] In the high-speed input device 1 of this embodiment, the voltage generating element 35 is a piezoelectric element. The non-electrical energy application unit 7 is a drive unit 40 including a movable member 41 that can apply mechanical energy to the piezoelectric element.

[0051] Since the trigger voltage is generated by a piezoelectric element, the high-voltage circuit and the control circuit for controlling the high-voltage circuit are not required, and therefore the high-speed closing device 1 is lower in cost and has higher long-term reliability.

[0052] In the high-speed charging device 1 of this embodiment, the second electrode 3 is the movable electrode 21. The movable member 41 can move the movable electrode 21 toward the first electrode 2.

[0053] Therefore, the movable electrode 21 is electrically connected to the first electrode 2 before the movable electrode 21 comes into contact with the first electrode 2. The path of the fault current is switched from the electrical device to be protected by the quick closing device 1 to the quick closing device 1 in a shorter time. Furthermore, because the trigger voltage is generated by the voltage generating element 35, a high-voltage circuit and a control circuit for controlling the high-voltage circuit are not required. Therefore, the quick closing device 1 is lower in cost and has higher long-term reliability.

[0054] In the high-speed insertion device 1 of this embodiment, the movable member 41 includes a movable rod 42, a pressing member 45 that can press the movable electrode 21, and an elastic member (spring 46) connected to the movable rod 42 and the pressing member 45.

[0055] The elastic member (for example, the spring 46) can reduce the impact force when the movable rod 42 collides with the movable electrode 21. Damage to the voltage generating element 35 can be prevented.

[0056] In the high-speed insertion device 1 of this embodiment, the movable member 41 includes a movable rod 42, a pressing member 45 that can press the movable electrode 21, and a spring 46 that stores energy. The pressing member 45 can be pressed by the movable rod 42 and is connected to the spring that stores energy.

[0057] The spring 46 can reduce the impact force when the movable rod 42 presses against the movable electrode 21. Damage to the voltage generating element 35 can be prevented.

[0058] Second Embodiment A high-speed inserting device 1 according to a second embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 8. The high-speed inserting device 1 according to this embodiment has the same configuration as the high-speed inserting device 1 according to the first embodiment, but differs mainly in the following respects.

[0059] The high-speed injection device 1 of this embodiment does not include a container 10 and a sliding member 28. The second electrode 3 is a fixed electrode 20. An electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the high-speed injection device 1 is electrically connected to the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.

[0060] The operation of the rapid closing device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 8 to 10. When no fault current is detected, as shown in Figure 8, the second electrode 3 (fixed electrode 20) is separated from the first electrode 2 (fixed electrode 16) by a distance d. The distance d is equal to or greater than the insulation distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Therefore, even if a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to an electrical device (not shown) connected in parallel to the rapid closing device 1 is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 will not be electrically connected to each other. Normal current flows through the electrical device.

[0061] When a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the non-electrical energy application unit 7 (e.g., the drive unit 40). The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable member 41 (movable rod 42) toward the second electrode 3. As shown in FIG. 9 , the voltage generation element 35 is pressed by the movable member 41 via the conductive plate 26. A trigger voltage is generated between the end 36 and the end 37 of the voltage generation element 35.

[0062] The trigger voltage generated in the voltage generating element 35 is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3. A voltage greater than the breakdown voltage of the medium (e.g., air) between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3 is applied between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 22 of the second electrode 3. In this way, a first discharge 50 is generated between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 22 of the second electrode 3, as shown in FIG.

[0063] Due to the first discharge 50, charged particles are generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The charged particles reduce the breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Because the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are connected in parallel to the electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1, a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to the electrical device is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The voltage applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 becomes greater than the reduced breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Thus, as shown in FIG. 10 , a second discharge 52 is generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The second discharge 52 forms a conductive path between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, and the second electrode 3 becomes conductive to the first electrode 2. Therefore, the path of the fault current is switched from the electrical device to the rapid closing device 1. In this way, the electrical device can be protected from the fault current.

[0064] The high-speed inserting device 1 of this embodiment has the following effects similar to those of the high-speed inserting device 1 of the first embodiment.

[0065] In the high-speed charging device 1 of this embodiment, the first electrode 2 is a fixed electrode 16. The second electrode 3 is a fixed electrode 20.

[0066] Since the trigger voltage is generated by the voltage generating element 35, a high voltage circuit and a control circuit for controlling the high voltage circuit are not required, and therefore the rapid closing device 1 has lower costs and higher long-term reliability.

[0067] Embodiment 3 A high-speed inserting device 1 according to embodiment 3 will be described with reference to Fig. 11. The high-speed inserting device 1 according to this embodiment has the same configuration as the high-speed inserting device 1 according to embodiment 2, but differs mainly in the following respects.

[0068] In this embodiment, the discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a voltage generating element 35, a non-electrical energy application unit 7, and wirings 56 and 57. The discharge inducing mechanism 5 does not include a conductive plate 26 or a trigger electrode 30. The wiring 56 is connected to the first electrode 2 and the end 36 of the voltage generating element 35. The wiring 57 is connected to the second electrode 3 and the end 37 of the voltage generating element 35.

[0069] The voltage generating element 35 is disposed outside the second electrode 3. The high-speed closing device 1 of this embodiment does not include the insulating member 33. The movable member 41 can come into contact with the voltage generating element 35 and press the voltage generating element 35.

[0070] The operation of the quick closing device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 11 and 12. When no fault current is detected, as shown in Figure 11, the second electrode 3 (fixed electrode 20) is separated from the first electrode 2 (fixed electrode 16) by a distance d. The distance d is equal to or greater than the insulation distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Therefore, even if a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to an electrical device (not shown) connected in parallel to the quick closing device 1 is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 will not be electrically connected to each other. Normal current flows through the electrical device (not shown) connected to the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 to be protected by the quick closing device 1.

[0071] When a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the non-electrical energy application unit 7 (e.g., the drive unit 40). The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable member 41 (movable rod 42) toward the second electrode 3. As shown in Fig. 11 , the voltage generation element 35 is pressed by the movable member 41. A trigger voltage is generated between the end 36 and the end 37 of the voltage generation element 35.

[0072] Because the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are connected in parallel to an electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1, a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to the electrical device is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. In addition, the trigger voltage generated by the voltage generating element 35 is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. As a result, the voltage applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 becomes greater than the breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Thus, as shown in FIG. 12 , a discharge 53 occurs between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The discharge 53 forms a conductive path between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, and the second electrode 3 becomes conductive to the first electrode 2. As a result, the path of the fault current is switched from the electrical device to the rapid closing device 1. In this way, the electrical device can be protected from the fault current.

[0073] The high-speed inserting device 1 of this embodiment has the following effects similar to those of the high-speed inserting device 1 of the first embodiment.

[0074] In the high-speed input device 1 of this embodiment, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are electrically connected to a voltage generating element 35 .

[0075] Since the trigger voltage is generated by the voltage generating element 35, a high voltage circuit and a control circuit for controlling the high voltage circuit are not required, and therefore the rapid closing device 1 has lower costs and higher long-term reliability.

[0076] Fourth Embodiment A high-speed inserting device 1 according to a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 13. The high-speed inserting device 1 according to this embodiment has the same configuration as the high-speed inserting device 1 according to the third embodiment, but differs mainly in the following respects.

[0077] The high-speed input device 1 of this embodiment further includes a trigger electrode 30. The trigger electrode 30 is disposed between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Specifically, an end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 is disposed between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 22 of the second electrode 3 is smaller than the distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The voltage-generating element 35 is electrically connected to the trigger electrode 30 through a wiring 56. The voltage-generating element 35 is electrically connected to the second electrode 3 through a wiring 57.

[0078] The operation of the rapid closing device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 13 to 15. When no fault current is detected, as shown in Figure 13, the second electrode 3 is separated from the first electrode 2 by a distance d. The distance d is equal to or greater than the insulation distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Therefore, even if a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to an electrical device (not shown) connected in parallel to the rapid closing device 1 is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 will not be electrically connected to each other. A normal current flows through the electrical device.

[0079] When a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the non-electrical energy application unit 7 (e.g., the drive unit 40). The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable member 41 (movable rod 42) toward the second electrode 3. As shown in Fig. 14 , the voltage generation element 35 is pressed by the movable member 41. A trigger voltage is generated between the end 36 and the end 37 of the voltage generation element 35.

[0080] The trigger voltage generated in the voltage generating element 35 is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3. A voltage greater than the breakdown voltage of the medium (e.g., air) between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3 is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3. In this way, a first discharge 50 is generated between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3, as shown in FIG.

[0081] Due to the first discharge 50, charged particles are generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The charged particles reduce the breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Because the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are connected in parallel to the electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1, a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to the electrical device is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The voltage applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 becomes greater than the reduced breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Thus, as shown in FIG. 15 , a second discharge 52 is generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The second discharge 52 forms a conductive path between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, and the second electrode 3 becomes conductive to the first electrode 2. Therefore, the path of the fault current is switched from the electrical device to the rapid closing device 1. In this way, the electrical device is protected from the fault current.

[0082] The high-speed inserting device 1 of this embodiment has the following effects similar to those of the high-speed inserting device 1 of the first embodiment.

[0083] In the high-speed input device 1 of this embodiment, the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 is disposed between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 .

[0084] Therefore, even if the trigger voltage generated by the voltage generating element 35 is smaller, a discharge can be induced between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The high-speed closing device 1 can be made smaller.

[0085] Fifth Embodiment A high-speed inserting device 1 according to a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 16. The high-speed inserting device 1 according to this embodiment has the same configuration as the high-speed inserting device 1 according to the third embodiment, but differs mainly in the following respects.

[0086] The high-speed input device 1 of this embodiment further includes trigger electrodes 30 and 30b. The trigger electrodes 30 and 30b are disposed between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Specifically, the trigger electrode 30 includes an end 31. The trigger electrode 30b includes an end 31b. The end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b face the space between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b is smaller than the distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the first electrode 2, smaller than the distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3, smaller than the distance between the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b and the first electrode 2, and smaller than the distance between the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b and the second electrode 3.

[0087] The trigger electrodes 30 and 30b are electrically connected to the voltage generating element 35. Specifically, the trigger electrode 30 is electrically connected to the end 36 of the voltage generating element 35 through a wiring 56. The trigger electrode 30b is electrically connected to the end 37 of the voltage generating element 35 through a wiring 57.

[0088] The operation of the rapid closing device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 16 to 18. When no fault current is detected, as shown in Figure 16, the second electrode 3 is separated from the first electrode 2 by a distance d. The distance d is equal to or greater than the insulation distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Therefore, even if a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to an electrical device (not shown) connected in parallel to the rapid closing device 1 is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 will not be electrically connected to each other. A normal current flows through the electrical device.

[0089] When a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the non-electrical energy application unit 7 (e.g., the drive unit 40). The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable member 41 (movable rod 42) toward the second electrode 3. As shown in Fig. 17 , the voltage generation element 35 is pressed by the movable member 41. A trigger voltage is generated between the end 36 and the end 37 of the voltage generation element 35.

[0090] The trigger voltage generated in the voltage generating element 35 is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the trigger electrode 30b. A voltage greater than the breakdown voltage of the medium (e.g., air) between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the trigger electrode 30b. In this way, a first discharge 50 is generated between the trigger electrode 30 and the trigger electrode 30b, as shown in FIG.

[0091] Due to the first discharge 50, charged particles are generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The charged particles reduce the breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Because the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are connected in parallel to the electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1, a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to the electrical device is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The voltage applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 becomes greater than the reduced breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Thus, as shown in FIG. 18 , a second discharge 52 is generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The second discharge 52 forms a conductive path between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, and the second electrode 3 becomes conductive to the first electrode 2. Therefore, the path of the fault current is switched from the electrical device to the rapid closing device 1. In this way, the electrical device can be protected from the fault current.

[0092] The high-speed inserting device 1 of this embodiment has the following effects similar to those of the high-speed inserting device 1 of the first embodiment.

[0093] In the high-speed closing device 1 of this embodiment, the discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a first trigger electrode (trigger electrode 30) and a second trigger electrode (trigger electrode 30b). The first trigger electrode and the second trigger electrode are electrically connected to a voltage generating element 35. An end 31 of the first trigger electrode and an end 31b of the second trigger electrode face the space between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3.

[0094] Therefore, even if the trigger voltage generated by the voltage generating element 35 is smaller, a discharge can be induced between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The high-speed closing device 1 can be made smaller.

[0095] Sixth Embodiment A high-speed inserting device 1 according to a sixth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 19. The high-speed inserting device 1 according to this embodiment has the same configuration as the high-speed inserting device 1 according to the third embodiment, but differs mainly in the following respects.

[0096] In this embodiment, the second electrode 3 is the movable electrode 21. The movable member 41 and the housing 43 are conductive and electrically connected to each other. The drive unit 40 (movable member 41) can press the movable electrode 21 to move the movable electrode 21 toward the fixed electrode 16. The end 36 of the voltage-generating element 35 is in contact with the housing 43. The end 37 of the voltage-generating element 35 is electrically connected to the first electrode 2 (fixed electrode 16). Specifically, the wiring 56 is connected to the first electrode 2 (fixed electrode 16) and the end 37 of the voltage-generating element 35. While the movable member 41 moves relative to the housing 43, the housing 43 is subjected to a reaction force and presses the voltage-generating element 35. In this way, the non-electrical energy application unit 7 applies non-electrical energy, such as mechanical energy, to the voltage-generating element 35. When pressed, the voltage-generating element 35 outputs a trigger voltage.

[0097] The operation of the rapid closing device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 19 to 21. When no fault current is detected, as shown in Figure 19, the second electrode 3 (movable electrode 21) is separated from the first electrode 2 (fixed electrode 16) by a distance d. The distance d is equal to or greater than the insulation distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Therefore, even if a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to an electrical device (not shown) connected in parallel to the rapid closing device 1 is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 will not be electrically connected to each other. Normal current flows through the electrical device (not shown) connected to the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 that is to be protected by the rapid closing device 1.

[0098] When a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the non-electrical energy application unit 7 (e.g., the drive unit 40). The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable member 41 (movable rod 42) toward the second electrode 3. While the movable member 41 moves relative to the housing 43, the housing 43 receives a reaction force and presses the voltage generation element 35. A trigger voltage is generated between the end 36 and the end 37 of the voltage generation element 35.

[0099] 20 , the movable member 41 comes into contact with the movable electrode 21 and presses the movable electrode 21 toward the fixed electrode 16. The movable electrode 21 is electrically connected to the end 36 of the voltage generating element 35 through the movable member 41 and the housing 43. The fixed electrode 16 is electrically connected to the end 37 of the voltage generating element 35 through a wiring 56. Therefore, a trigger voltage is applied between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21.

[0100] Because the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 are connected in parallel to an electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1, a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to the electrical device is applied between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. In addition, the trigger voltage generated by the voltage-generating element 35 is applied between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. As a result, the voltage applied between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 becomes greater than the breakdown voltage of the medium between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. Thus, as shown in FIG. 20 , a discharge 53 occurs between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. The discharge 53 forms a conductive path between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21, and the movable electrode 21 becomes conductive to the fixed electrode 16. As a result, the path of the fault current switches from the electrical device to the rapid closing device 1.

[0101] The movable member 41 further presses the movable electrode 21, causing it to move toward the fixed electrode 16. As shown in Fig. 21 , the movable electrode 21 comes into contact with the fixed electrode 16. The conduction between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 switches from conduction via the discharge 53 to conduction due to the contact between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. The fault current continues to flow through the quick closing device 1. In this way, the electrical equipment can be protected from the fault current.

[0102] The high-speed inserting device 1 of this embodiment has the following effects similar to those of the high-speed inserting device 1 of the first embodiment.

[0103] In the high-speed input device 1 of this embodiment, the second electrode 3 is the movable electrode 21. The voltage-generating element 35 is a piezoelectric element and includes a first end (end 36) and a second end (end 37) opposite the first end. The non-electrical energy application unit 7 is a driving unit 40. The driving unit 40 includes a housing 43 and a movable member 41 that can move relative to the housing 43 and move the movable electrode 21 toward the first electrode 2. The housing 43 and the movable member 41 are conductive and are electrically connected to each other. The first end of the voltage-generating element 35 is in contact with the housing 43. The second end of the voltage-generating element 35 is electrically connected to the first electrode 2.

[0104] While the movable member 41 moves relative to the housing 43, the housing 43 receives a reaction force and presses the voltage generating element 35. The voltage generating element 35 generates a trigger voltage. Therefore, a high-voltage circuit and a control circuit for controlling the high-voltage circuit are not required. The high-speed closing device 1 is lower in cost and has higher long-term reliability.

[0105] Seventh Embodiment A high-speed inserting device 1 according to a seventh embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 22. The high-speed inserting device 1 according to this embodiment has the same configuration as the high-speed inserting device 1 according to the sixth embodiment, but differs mainly in the following respects.

[0106] In the present embodiment, the discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a trigger electrode 30. The trigger electrode 30 includes an end 31. The end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 faces the space between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 22 of the second electrode 3 is smaller than the distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The end 37 of the voltage generating element 35 is electrically connected to the trigger electrode 30. Specifically, the end 37 of the voltage generating element 35 is electrically connected to the trigger electrode 30 through a wiring 56.

[0107] The operation of the rapid closing device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 22 to 25. When no fault current is detected, as shown in Figure 22, the second electrode 3 is separated from the first electrode 2 by a distance d. The distance d is equal to or greater than the insulation distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Therefore, even if a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to an electrical device (not shown) connected in parallel to the rapid closing device 1 is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 will not be electrically connected to each other. A normal current flows through the electrical device.

[0108] When a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the non-electrical energy application unit 7 (e.g., the drive unit 40). The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable member 41 (movable rod 42) toward the second electrode 3. While the movable member 41 moves relative to the housing 43, the housing 43 receives a reaction force and presses the voltage generation element 35. A trigger voltage is generated between the end 36 and the end 37 of the voltage generation element 35.

[0109] 23 , the movable member 41 comes into contact with the movable electrode 21 and presses the movable electrode 21 toward the fixed electrode 16. The movable electrode 21 is electrically connected to the end 36 of the voltage generating element 35 through the movable member 41 and the housing 43. The trigger electrode 30 is electrically connected to the end 37 of the voltage generating element 35 through a wiring 56. Therefore, a trigger voltage is applied between the movable electrode 21 and the trigger electrode 30.

[0110] The trigger voltage generated in the voltage generating element 35 is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3. A voltage greater than the breakdown voltage of the medium (e.g., air) between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3 is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3. In this way, a first discharge 50 is generated between the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3, as shown in FIG.

[0111] Due to the first discharge 50, charged particles are generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The charged particles reduce the breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Because the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are connected in parallel to the electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1, a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to the electrical device is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The voltage applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 becomes greater than the reduced breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Thus, as shown in FIG. 24 , a second discharge 52 is generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The second discharge 52 forms a conductive path between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, and the second electrode 3 becomes conductive to the first electrode 2. As a result, the path of the fault current is switched from the electrical device to the rapid closing device 1.

[0112] The movable member 41 further presses the movable electrode 21, causing it to move toward the fixed electrode 16. As shown in Fig. 25, the movable electrode 21 comes into contact with the fixed electrode 16. The conduction between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 switches from conduction via the second discharge 52 to conduction due to the contact between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. The fault current continues to flow through the quick closing device 1. In this way, the electrical equipment can be protected from the fault current.

[0113] The high-speed inserting device 1 of this embodiment has the following effects similar to those of the high-speed inserting device 1 of the first embodiment.

[0114] In the high-speed insertion device 1 of this embodiment, the second electrode 3 is the movable electrode 21. The discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a trigger electrode 30. The trigger electrode 30 includes an end 31 facing the space between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3 is smaller than the distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The voltage-generating element 35 is a piezoelectric element and includes a first end (end 36) and a second end (end 37) opposite the first end. The non-electrical energy applying unit 7 is a driving unit 40. The driving unit 40 includes a housing 43 and a movable member 41 that can move relative to the housing 43 and move the movable electrode 21 toward the first electrode 2. The housing 43 and the movable member 41 are electrically conductive and are electrically connected to each other. The first end of the voltage-generating element 35 is in contact with the housing 43. The second end of the voltage-generating element 35 is electrically connected to the trigger electrode 30.

[0115] While the movable member 41 moves relative to the housing 43, the housing 43 receives a reaction force and presses the voltage generating element 35. The voltage generating element 35 generates a trigger voltage. Therefore, a high-voltage circuit and a control circuit for controlling the high-voltage circuit are not required. The high-speed closing device 1 is lower in cost and has higher long-term reliability.

[0116] Eighth Embodiment A high-speed inserting device 1 according to an eighth embodiment will be described with reference to Fig. 26. The high-speed inserting device 1 according to this embodiment has the same configuration as the high-speed inserting device 1 according to the sixth embodiment, but differs mainly in the following respects.

[0117] In the present embodiment, the discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a trigger electrode 30 and a trigger electrode 30b. The trigger electrode 30 includes an end 31. The trigger electrode 30b includes an end 31b. The end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b face the space between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b is smaller than the distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the first electrode 2, smaller than the distance between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the second electrode 3, smaller than the distance between the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b and the first electrode 2, and smaller than the distance between the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b and the second electrode 3.

[0118] An end 36 of the voltage generating element 35 is electrically connected to the trigger electrode 30. An end 37 of the voltage generating element 35 is electrically connected to the trigger electrode 30b. Specifically, the trigger electrode 30 is electrically connected to the end 36 of the voltage generating element 35 through a wiring 56. The trigger electrode 30b is electrically connected to the end 37 of the voltage generating element 35 through a wiring 57.

[0119] The operation of the rapid closing device 1 of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 26 to 29. When no fault current is detected, as shown in Figure 26, the second electrode 3 is separated from the first electrode 2 by a distance d. The distance d is equal to or greater than the insulation distance between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Therefore, even if a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to an electric device (not shown) connected in parallel to the rapid closing device 1 is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 will not be electrically connected to each other. A normal current flows through the electric device.

[0120] When a fault current is detected, a closing command signal is input to the non-electrical energy application unit 7 (e.g., the drive unit 40). The movement mechanism 44 moves the movable member 41 (movable rod 42) toward the second electrode 3. While the movable member 41 moves relative to the housing 43, the housing 43 receives a reaction force and presses the voltage generation element 35. A trigger voltage is generated between the end 36 and the end 37 of the voltage generation element 35.

[0121] 27 , the movable member 41 comes into contact with the movable electrode 21 and presses the movable electrode 21 toward the fixed electrode 16. The movable electrode 21 is electrically connected to the end 36 of the voltage generating element 35 through the movable member 41 and the housing 43. The trigger electrode 30 is electrically connected to the end 37 of the voltage generating element 35 through a wiring 56. Therefore, a trigger voltage is applied between the movable electrode 21 and the trigger electrode 30.

[0122] The trigger voltage generated in the voltage generating element 35 is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the trigger electrode 30b. A voltage greater than the breakdown voltage of the medium (e.g., air) between the end 31 of the trigger electrode 30 and the end 31b of the trigger electrode 30b is applied between the trigger electrode 30 and the trigger electrode 30b. Thus, as shown in Fig. 27, a first discharge 50 is generated between the trigger electrode 30 and the trigger electrode 30b.

[0123] Due to the first discharge 50, charged particles are generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The charged particles reduce the breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Because the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 are connected in parallel to the electrical device (not shown) to be protected by the rapid closing device 1, a voltage substantially equal to the voltage applied to the electrical device is applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The voltage applied between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3 becomes greater than the reduced breakdown voltage of the medium between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. Thus, as shown in FIG. 28 , a second discharge 52 is generated between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The second discharge 52 forms a conductive path between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3, and the second electrode 3 becomes conductive to the first electrode 2. As a result, the path of the fault current is switched from the electrical device to the rapid closing device 1.

[0124] The movable member 41 further presses the movable electrode 21, causing it to move toward the fixed electrode 16. As shown in Fig. 29, the movable electrode 21 comes into contact with the fixed electrode 16. The conduction between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21 switches from conduction via the second discharge 52 to conduction due to the contact between the fixed electrode 16 and the movable electrode 21. The fault current continues to flow through the quick closing device 1. In this way, the electrical equipment can be protected from the fault current.

[0125] The high-speed inserting device 1 of this embodiment has the following effects similar to those of the high-speed inserting device 1 of the first embodiment.

[0126] In the high-speed closing device 1 of this embodiment, the second electrode 3 is the movable electrode 21. The discharge inducing mechanism 5 includes a first trigger electrode (trigger electrode 30) and a second trigger electrode (trigger electrode 30b). The end 31 of the first trigger electrode and the end 31b of the second trigger electrode face the space between the first electrode 2 and the second electrode 3. The voltage-generating element 35 is a piezoelectric element and includes a first end (end 36) and a second end (end 37) opposite the first end. The non-electrical energy applying unit 7 is a driving unit 40. The driving unit 40 includes a housing 43 and a movable member 41 that can move relative to the housing 43 and move the movable electrode 21 toward the first electrode 2. The housing 43 and the movable member 41 are electrically conductive and are electrically connected to each other. The first end of the voltage-generating element 35 is electrically connected to the first trigger electrode. The second end of the voltage-generating element 35 is electrically connected to the second trigger electrode.

[0127] While the movable member 41 moves relative to the housing 43, the housing 43 receives a reaction force and presses the voltage generating element 35. The voltage generating element 35 generates a trigger voltage. Therefore, a high-voltage circuit and a control circuit for controlling the high-voltage circuit are not required. The high-speed closing device 1 is lower in cost and has higher long-term reliability.

[0128] Ninth Embodiment A power conversion device 60 according to a ninth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 30 and 31 . The power conversion device 60 is, for example, an AC / DC power conversion device that converts DC power into three-phase AC power. Referring to FIG. 30 , the power conversion device 60 includes a positive voltage terminal 63a, a negative voltage terminal 63b, AC terminals 63c, 63d, and 63e, arms A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6, and reactors L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and L6. Each of the arms A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, and A6 includes a plurality of power control circuits 65 connected in series. The power control circuits 65 are an example of the rapid closing device 1 according to any one of the first embodiment and its modifications.

[0129] The positive voltage terminal 63a and the negative voltage terminal 63b are connected to a load (not shown). The load is, for example, a DC power supply or a motor drive inverter. The AC terminals 63c, 63d, and 63e are respectively connected to three secondary terminals of a three-phase transformer 62. The primary terminals of the three-phase transformer 62 are connected to a three-phase transmission line of an AC power system 61.

[0130] Three-phase AC power from an AC power system 61 is supplied to a power conversion device 60 via a three-phase transformer 62. The power conversion device 60 converts the three-phase AC power into DC power. The converted DC power is supplied to a load connected to a positive voltage terminal 63 a and a negative voltage terminal 63 b. In this way, DC power is supplied from the AC power system 61 to the load.

[0131] One terminal of arm A1 is connected to positive voltage terminal 63a, and the other terminal of arm A1 is connected to one terminal of reactor L1. One terminal of arm A2 is connected to positive voltage terminal 63a, and the other terminal of arm A2 is connected to one terminal of reactor L2. One terminal of arm A3 is connected to positive voltage terminal 63a, and the other terminal of arm A3 is connected to one terminal of reactor L3. The other terminal of reactor L1 is connected to AC terminal 63c. The other terminal of reactor L2 is connected to AC terminal 63d. The other terminal of reactor L3 is connected to AC terminal 63e.

[0132] One terminal of arm A4 is connected to negative voltage terminal 63b, and the other terminal of arm A4 is connected to one terminal of reactor L4. One terminal of arm A5 is connected to negative voltage terminal 63b, and the other terminal of arm A5 is connected to one terminal of reactor L5. One terminal of arm A6 is connected to negative voltage terminal 63b, and the other terminal of arm A6 is connected to one terminal of reactor L6. The other terminal of reactor L4 is connected to AC terminal 63c. The other terminal of reactor L5 is connected to AC terminal 63d. The other terminal of reactor L6 is connected to AC terminal 63e.

[0133] A positive DC voltage VP is supplied to the positive voltage terminal 63a. A negative DC voltage VN is supplied to the negative voltage terminal 63b. A U-phase AC voltage VU is supplied to the AC terminal 63c. A V-phase AC voltage VV is supplied to the AC terminal 63d. A W-phase AC voltage VW is supplied to the AC terminal 63e. The three-phase AC voltages VU, VV, and VW are shifted in phase by 120 degrees.

[0134] Arms A1 and A4 constitute a U-phase module that performs power conversion between a U-phase AC voltage VU and DC voltages VP and VN. Arms A2 and A5 constitute a V-phase module that performs power conversion between a V-phase AC voltage VV and DC voltages VP and VN. Arms A3 and A6 constitute a W-phase module that performs power conversion between a W-phase AC voltage VW and DC voltages VP and VN.

[0135] Reactor L1 controls the current flowing in arm A1. Reactor L2 controls the current flowing in arm A2. Reactor L3 controls the current flowing in arm A3. Reactor L4 controls the current flowing in arm A4. Reactor L5 controls the current flowing in arm A5. Reactor L6 controls the current flowing in arm A6. Reactors L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, and L6 suppress circulating currents flowing between the U-phase module, V-phase module, and W-phase module when the amplitudes of the U-phase AC voltage VU, V-phase AC voltage VV, and W-phase AC voltage VW differ.

[0136] 31 , a power control circuit 65 includes a module circuit 66, the rapid closing device 1 according to any one of the first embodiment and its modifications, and peripheral components (not shown). The rapid closing device 1 is electrically connected in parallel to the module circuit 66.

[0137] The module circuit 66 includes a main circuit 67 and a control circuit 68. The main circuit 67 includes a switching element (not shown) such as an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), a diode (not shown), and a capacitor (not shown). AC power is converted to DC power by switching the switching element between an on state and an off state. The control circuit 68 controls the main circuit 67.

[0138] The peripheral components are arranged around the module circuit 66. The peripheral components include, for example, a jig (not shown), a bus bar (not shown), and a housing (not shown). The jig secures electronic components (e.g., switching elements, diodes, and capacitors) that make up the main circuit 67. The bus bar is connected to the terminals of the main circuit 67. The housing houses and protects the control circuit 68.

[0139] When the module circuit 66 is operating normally, current flows through the module circuit 66. When the module circuit 66 fails, the rapid closing device 1 operates. The current bypasses the failed module circuit 66 and flows through the rapid closing device 1. The failed module circuit 66 can be excluded from the current path. Therefore, the operation of the system upstream of the power control circuit 65 (for example, the AC power system 61) can continue without being affected by the failed module circuit 66.

[0140] Furthermore, when the module circuit 66 fails, an arc may occur in the module circuit 66. If the arc occurs for a long time, there is a high possibility that at least one of the main circuit 67, the control circuit 68, or peripheral components may be damaged. In this embodiment, the high-speed closing device 1 operates quickly when the module circuit 66 fails, thereby shortening the time that the arc occurs. This can prevent damage to the main circuit 67, the control circuit 68, and peripheral components. This can improve the explosion-proof performance of the power control circuit 65.

[0141] The effects of the power control circuit 65 of this embodiment will be described. The power control circuit 65 of this embodiment includes a module circuit 66 and the rapid closing device 1 of any one of embodiments 1 to 5. The rapid closing device 1 is electrically connected in parallel to the module circuit 66.

[0142] The power control circuit 65 includes the rapid closing device 1. Therefore, the power control circuit 65 has lower cost and higher long-term reliability.

[0143] The first to ninth embodiments disclosed herein should be considered to be illustrative in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present disclosure is defined by the claims, not the above description, and is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope of the claims.

[0144] 1 High-speed input device, 2 First electrode, 3 Second electrode, 5 Discharge inducing mechanism, 7 Non-electrical energy application part, 10 Container, 11 First main electrode, 12 Second main electrode, 12a Flange part, 12b Cylinder part, 12c Through hole, 13 Insulating hollow body, 14 Insulating space, 16, 20 Fixed electrode, 21 Movable electrode, 22, 23 End, 24 Hole, 26 Conductive plate, 28 Sliding member, 30, 30b Trigger electrode, 31, 31b, 32 End, 33 Insulating member, 35 Voltage generating element, 36, 37 End, 40 Drive part, 41 Movable member, 42 Movable rod, 43 Housing, 44 Moving mechanism, 45 Pressing member, 46 Spring, 47 Stopper, 50 First discharge, 52 Second discharge, 53 Discharge, 56, 57 Wiring, 60 Power conversion device, 61 AC power system, 62 three-phase transformer, 63a positive voltage terminal, 63b negative voltage terminal, 63c, 63d, 63e AC terminals, 65 power control circuit, 66 module circuit, 67 main circuit, 68 control circuit, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6 arms, L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6 reactor.

Claims

1. A high-speed input device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode spaced apart from the first electrode; and a discharge inducing mechanism that induces a discharge between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the discharge inducing mechanism includes a voltage generating element and a non-electrical energy application unit that can apply non-electrical energy to the voltage generating element.

2. The high-speed input device of claim 1, wherein the discharge inducing mechanism includes a trigger electrode connected to the voltage generating element, the second electrode and the trigger electrode are electrically connected to the voltage generating element, the trigger electrode includes an end facing the space between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the distance between the end of the trigger electrode and the second electrode is smaller than the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode.

3. The rapid input device according to claim 2, wherein the voltage generating element is disposed within a hole in the second electrode.

4. The rapid insertion device according to claim 2, further comprising an insulating member, said insulating member being disposed between said trigger electrode and said second electrode.

5. A high-speed input device as described in any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the voltage generating element includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the discharge inducing mechanism includes a conductive plate, the trigger electrode is in contact with the first end, and the conductive plate is in contact with the second end and the second electrode.

6. The rapid insertion device of claim 2, wherein said end of said trigger electrode is disposed between said first electrode and said second electrode.

7. The rapid closing device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are electrically connected to the voltage generating element.

8. The high-speed input device according to claim 1, wherein the discharge inducing mechanism includes a first trigger electrode and a second trigger electrode, the first trigger electrode and the second trigger electrode are electrically connected to the voltage generating element, and an end of the first trigger electrode and an end of the second trigger electrode face a space between the first electrode and the second electrode.

9. A high-speed input device as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the voltage generating element is a piezoelectric element, and the non-electrical energy application unit is a drive unit including a movable member capable of applying mechanical energy to the piezoelectric element.

10. The high speed input device according to claim 9, wherein the second electrode is a movable electrode, and the movable member is capable of moving the movable electrode toward the first electrode.

11. The high speed input device according to claim 10, wherein the movable member includes a movable rod, a pressing member capable of pressing the movable electrode, and an elastic member connected to the movable rod and the pressing member.

12. The rapid insertion device according to claim 10, wherein the movable member includes a movable rod, a pressing member capable of pressing the movable electrode, and a charged spring, the pressing member being capable of being pressed by the movable rod and being connected to the charged spring.

13. The high-speed input device of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is a movable electrode, the voltage generating element is a piezoelectric element and includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the non-electrical energy application unit is a driving unit, the driving unit includes a housing and a movable member that can move relative to the housing and move the movable electrode toward the first electrode, the housing and the movable member are conductive and are in electrical conduction with each other, the first end is in contact with the housing, and the second end is in electrical conduction with the first electrode.

14. The high-speed input device of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is a movable electrode, the discharge inducing mechanism includes a trigger electrode, the trigger electrode includes an end facing the space between the first electrode and the second electrode, a distance between the end of the trigger electrode and the second electrode is smaller than a distance between the first electrode and the second electrode, the voltage generating element is a piezoelectric element and includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the non-electrical energy application unit is a driving unit, the driving unit includes a housing and a movable member that can move relative to the housing and move the movable electrode toward the first electrode, the housing and the movable member are conductive and are in electrical conduction with each other, the first end is in contact with the housing, and the second end is in electrical conduction with the trigger electrode.

15. The high-speed input device of claim 1, wherein the second electrode is a movable electrode, the discharge inducing mechanism includes a first trigger electrode and a second trigger electrode, an end of the first trigger electrode and an end of the second trigger electrode face the space between the first electrode and the second electrode, the voltage generating element is a piezoelectric element and includes a first end and a second end opposite the first end, the non-electrical energy application unit is a driving unit, and the driving unit includes a housing and a movable member that can move relative to the housing and move the movable electrode toward the first electrode, the housing and the movable member are conductive and are electrically connected to each other, the first end is electrically connected to the first trigger electrode, and the second end is electrically connected to the second trigger electrode.

16. A power control circuit comprising: a module circuit; and the rapid closing device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the rapid closing device is electrically connected in parallel to the module circuit.

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