Construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of bare rock slope

Abstract

The present invention provides a construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of a bare rock slope, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1, preparation of a treatment area: before actual construction, preparing an area to be treated using a combination of mechanical and manual means; S2: providing a plant vine climbing net; S3: anchor rod construction: implementing on a rock slope surface with an inclination greater than 75°, wherein the slope surface should be drilled from top to bottom, the depth of the drilling is determined according to properties of the rock, a self-spinning resin anchor rod is fixed in a drilled hole on the slope surface with cement slurry, leaving a small part for hanging a galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cage; S4: building a plant growth chamber, a gabion retaining wall and a construction system apparatus; S5: filling a matrix; S6: vegetation arrangement: selected dominant plant species must be drought-tolerant, barren-tolerant and fast-growing, and have strong sprouting ability and coverage capacity. The present invention integrates slope protection, intelligent water collection, water storage and drip irrigation apparatuses, matrix improvement, and vegetation arrangement, thereby ensuring the effectiveness of the restoration.

Description

A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rocky slopes Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a comprehensive management technology for a mine ecological environment, and in particular to a construction method suitable for restoring vegetation on exposed rock slopes. Background Art

[0002] China is a mountainous country, with mountains accounting for approximately 70% of its total land area, objectively restricting the expansion of urban geographic space. In recent years, with the accelerated pace of urbanization in China, the conflict between population and land has intensified, accompanied by a series of ecological and environmental problems. The expansion of cities in mountainous areas inevitably involves mountain excavation, resulting in exposed rock slopes. This poses a risk of collapse and landslides, and also affects the aesthetics of cities. The ecological restoration of steep rock slopes has become a major challenge in ecological protection. The loss of mountain landscape vegetation makes the slopes even more barren, significantly impacting the restoration of the natural landscape. Therefore, to beautify the environment, protect plant diversity, and maintain ecosystem stability, artificial restoration of slopes with near-natural plant landscapes is necessary.

[0003] China currently employs two main approaches to slope restoration: engineering protection and vegetation slope protection. Traditional engineering protection measures, such as slope reinforcement, retaining walls, plastering, grouting, shotcrete, and mesh seeding, offer the advantage of quickly preventing soil erosion and effectively mitigating initial slope instability and erosion. However, their disadvantages are their excessive focus on strength and efficacy, which can reduce the slope's aesthetic appeal and hinder ecosystem recovery. Furthermore, over time, concrete weathers due to wind, sun, and rain, making subsequent maintenance more complex. Furthermore, engineering protection measures are ineffective in restoring mountain landscape vegetation and improving soil quality, contradicting the government's commitment to promoting ecological civilization. Vegetation slope protection, on the other hand, offers the opposite effect: initially weak, but with increasing plant growth, its impact on reducing slope instability and erosion becomes increasingly pronounced. Vegetation slope protection measures include liquid spraying, trenching and grass planting, and three-dimensional net greening. Their advantages are that they can restore plant diversity and protect the ecological environment; their disadvantages are that plant roots only grow on the surface of the slope and cannot grow in deep soil, so they are not effective in protecting the slope soil; most of the plants used are herbs, and the landscape durability is poor; in addition, for slopes with nearly vertical damage surfaces, if engineering measures are not taken, the plant growth matrix will be difficult to attach to the slope surface, and plants will not be able to grow.

[0004] Current patents and research results are complex and diverse, and only address some issues of mine slope ecological restoration. They are too single-minded and the restoration effects are not comprehensive. They have problems such as poor ecology, low restoration rate, and short-term effects, and cannot systematically solve the ecological problems of mine slopes.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes, which integrates slope protection, intelligent water collection, storage and drip irrigation devices, substrate improvement and vegetation configuration.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0008] S1: Treatment area finishing: Before formal construction, the area to be treated will be finished by combining mechanical and manual methods;

[0009] S2: Setting up plant climbing nets;

[0010] S3: Anchor bolt construction: This is carried out on extremely steep rock slopes with an angle greater than 75°. Holes should be drilled from top to bottom on the slope. The depth of the holes should be determined according to the rock properties. Self-spinning resin anchor bolts should be fixed in the holes on the slope with cement slurry, leaving a small amount for hanging galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cages.

[0011] S4: Construction of plant growth chambers, gabion retaining walls, and system installations;

[0012] S5: Filling the substrate: Based on the different vegetation types and the site conditions required for growth, a renewable organic ecological cultivation substrate is prepared in the planting trough of the plant growth room on the slope top;

[0013] S6: Vegetation Configuration; Vegetation species selection is one of the most critical steps in vegetation restoration. Therefore, when selecting dominant plant species, they must be drought-tolerant, resistant to infertility, fast-growing, and possess strong germination and coverage capabilities. Through field research at the project site, a preliminary selection of 21 plant species has been made. Shrubs or small trees can be planted in the plant growth chambers at the top of the slope. Examples of shrubs include Elaeagnus serrata, Tamarix chinensis, Juniperus chinensis, Pistacia chinensis, and Rosa multiflora. Small trees can include one or more of Tung oil tree, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and Casuarina equisetifolia. Vines or small shrubs can be planted in the galvanized gabion mesh cages on the slope. Vines include Vitex truncatula, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, and Medicago sativa. Small shrubs include one or more of Lespedeza chinensis, Caragana korshinskii, Amorpha fruticosa, and Hippophae rhamnoides. Plants such as Hibiscus sylvestris, Leucaena leucaena, Quercus variabilis, Tung oil tree, and Sapium sebiferum can be planted in the gabion retaining walls at the foot of the slope.

[0014] Furthermore, in S1, debris and pumice are first cleared from the slope surface, and the slope surface is smoothed while retaining the original vegetation as much as possible; after the trimmed slope surface is ensured to be flat and free of loose earth and stones, soil is evenly covered on the slope surface by the soil-adding method, and organic fertilizer is applied.

[0015] Furthermore, S2: the plant climbing net covering the slope surface adopts φ3.5 plastic-coated metal mesh, which is fixed on the slope surface with rivets at a rivet spacing of 2m. The climbing net is 30-50mm away from the wall to facilitate the tactile growth of plants in the galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cage, and climb and grow toward the rock slope through the climbing net along the self-spinning resin anchor rod.

[0016] Further, S3: a hole with a diameter of 14mm should be drilled from top to bottom on the slope surface, and the depth should be determined according to the rock properties. The self-spinning resin anchor should be fixed in the slope hole with cement slurry, leaving one end for hanging the galvanized gabion mesh cage; before hanging the cage, the bottom of the cage where the cage is to be hung should be padded with stirred nutrient yellow mud; the galvanized gabion mesh cage should be installed one by one closely along the rock surface from bottom to top, and each time a galvanized gabion mesh cage is hung, it should be firmly fixed with a gasket and matching nut that is longer than the mesh of the galvanized gabion mesh cage; in the process of hanging the cage, full use should be made of the gaps between the mountain micro-topography and the mesh cage to plant various shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants suitable for local natural conditions.

[0017] Furthermore, S4: a multifunctional plant growth chamber is built on the top of the slope, and a drainage ditch is built on one side of the slope. The drainage ditch is built in the form of prefabricated mortar-laid stone blocks to intercept surface water flowing from the top of the slope to the slope body and the foot of the slope, and to protect the excavation slope and the fill slope foot from being eroded by water flow; a gabion retaining wall is built at the corner of the slope, and cutting seedlings are planted in the gabion retaining wall built at the corner of the slope; a photovoltaic power supply system and a wireless network terminal system are respectively set up on both sides of the outer wall of the plant growth chamber on the top of the slope, and the multifunctional plant growth chamber is provided with a water collection pool, a planting trough, an intelligent water tank, a main water pipe, an activated carbon filter tank, a first and a second water tank control unit and a controllable drain outlet; the intelligent water storage tank is located below the activated carbon filter tank. The main water pipeline is installed along the lower edge of the slope in the galvanized gabion cages and gabion retaining walls on the slope. The galvanized gabion cages and gabion retaining walls are equipped with graded temperature and humidity detectors to detect the external and internal conditions for vegetation growth in the cages, and perform automatic fixed-point water replenishment and atomization spraying operations according to the set parameters. The photovoltaic power supply system consists of solar cell modules and batteries. The solar cell modules are the core part of the power supply system of the device, providing energy for the entire device and storing excess electricity in the battery. The wireless network terminal system communicates wirelessly with the cloud server through the wireless communication module, and the cloud server is connected to the remote monitoring terminal.

[0018] Furthermore, the water collection pool is located above the planting trough, and a plurality of water collection grooves connected to the notches of the planting trough are formed on the top surface of the main body; at the same time, the side walls on both sides of the planting trough are made of a new type of water-permeable composite material; the activated carbon filter tank is located at the upper part of the planting trough and is set at the end position of the lower edge of the side walls on both sides of the water collection pool; the first humidity sensor and the second humidity sensor are arranged on both sides of the planting trough body, and the intelligent water storage tank includes the first and second water tank control units; and the first temperature and humidity detector, the second temperature and humidity detector, the first control valve, the second control valve and the controllable drain outlet are arranged in the intelligent water storage tank, and the controllable drain outlet is externally connected to the main water pipe;

[0019] When the temperature and humidity detector located in the middle and lower part of the plant growth chamber senses that the humidity of the substrate is lower than normal, the small hole channel on the side wall of the planting trough opens, and the rainwater filtered by the filter tank enters the planting trough to alleviate the drought of the planting trough substrate; the activated carbon filter tank is located on both sides of the upper part of the planting trough, and its height is lower than the side wall of the planting trough to ensure that the rainwater from the collection pool cannot flood into the plant growth chamber. The activated carbon filter tank is filled with activated carbon filter material to filter free matter, microorganisms, and some heavy metal ions in the rainwater, remove large molecular organic matter, iron oxides, and residual chlorine, and can effectively reduce the color of the rainwater;

[0020] The first water tank control unit is located on the left side of the planting trough. When the first temperature and humidity detector in the first water tank control unit detects that the soil matrix humidity set for the vegetation on the slope and the foot of the slope is lower than the standard set value, the first water tank control unit starts the first control valve for timely water replenishment. The second water tank control unit is located on the right side of the planting trough and is used to collect and store water when the rainy season comes. When the second temperature and humidity detector in the second water tank control unit detects that the second water tank control unit is short of water, the second control valve will be opened for water replenishment; when the temperature and humidity detector detects that the ambient temperature of the plants growing in the planting trough at the top of the slope is lower than the normal set temperature value, the automatic spray unit extending from the wall of the secondary water pipe will be started, and the vegetation in the seedling area will be sprayed irregularly for protection through atomization spraying measures.

[0021] Furthermore, the main water pipeline is made of ppr polyurethane insulation pipe material; so that in the autumn and winter seasons, the main water pipeline can achieve water replenishment on demand and at designated locations.

[0022] Furthermore, the ratio of organic waste to plant growth medium per cubic meter in the mixed matrix in the planting trough is 0.25-0.3m 3 , vermiculite 0.05-0.1m 3 , peat soil 0.25-0.4m 3 , perlite 0.1-0.2m 3 After fermentation, 0.25-0.3 kg of water-retaining agent is added to the above substrate to form a renewable organic ecological cultivation substrate.

[0023] Furthermore, the multiple water collection troughs are radially spaced with the notch of the planting trough as the center, the top surface of the water collection tank body is formed into a conical surface with the axial diameter gradually decreasing toward its bottom surface, the planting notch of the plant growth chamber is formed at the vertex of the conical surface, and the multiple water collection troughs extend along the centerline direction of the conical surface, and the angle between the centerline of the conical surface and the top surface of the water collection tank body is 30-60°.

[0024] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0025] 1. Scientific operation and intelligent integration facilitate production management and systematically improve the stability of mine slopes.

[0026] 2. It realizes the integrated operation of fixed-point and timed water replenishment and atomized spraying for the vegetation on the mine slope, adjusts the growth and development conditions of the plants, and optimizes the microenvironment for plant growth.

[0027] 3. It can achieve a certain degree of greening effect on the top, slope and slope foot. The restoration is comprehensive, the restoration effect and ecology are high, and the restoration rate is high, which solves the ecological problems of mine slopes to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional diagram of the vegetation restoration system for exposed rock slopes;

[0029] Among them: 1. Evergreen trees and shrubs; 2. Plant growth chamber; 217. Main water pipe; 4. Self-spinning resin anchor; 5. Vines and climbing plants; 6. Galvanized gabion mesh cages; 7. Planting cuttings; 8. Gabion retaining walls

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a plant growth chamber;

[0031] Among them: 201. Solar panel; 202. Column; 203. Battery; 204. Wireless network terminal system; 205. Water collection tank; 206. Planting trough; 207. Mixed matrix; 208. Activated carbon filter tank 209. First temperature and humidity detector; 210. First humidity sensor; 211. First water tank control unit; 212. Second temperature and humidity detector; 213. Second humidity sensor; 214. Second water tank control unit; 215. First control valve; 216. Second control valve; 217. Main water pipeline.

[0032] FIG3 is a schematic elevation diagram of a simplified plant growth chamber;

[0033] Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of the water collection pool;

[0034] Among them: 205. water collection pool; 20501. groove; 20502. water collection trough;

[0035] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a water interception tank;

[0036] Among them: 9. M7.5 mortar; 10. MU10 bricks.

[0037] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a plant climbing net.

[0038] Including: 11.φ3.5 plastic-coated metal mesh; 12. Rivet pattern. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the terms "front," "rear," "left," "right," "up," and "down" used in the following description refer to directions in the accompanying drawings, and the terms "inward" and "outward" refer to directions toward or away from the geometric center of a particular component, respectively.

[0040] As shown in Figures 1-4, the present embodiment is a construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes. By drilling holes on a particularly steep rock slope with a slope greater than 75° (holes cannot be drilled on rocks that are easily loosened), a self-spinning resin anchor rod 4 is embedded; the spin resin anchor rod 4 is hung with a galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cage 6, and the galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cage 6 is filled with prefabricated growth-promoting blocks. The growth-promoting blocks are made of plant fibers, adhesives, water-retaining agents, organic fertilizers and planting soil, and plant seeds are sown or plants are planted in the growth-promoting blocks; and a multifunctional plant growth chamber 2 is built on the top of the slope, and evergreen shrubs 1 are planted in the multifunctional planting trough. The plant growth chamber 2 has the functions of collecting, storing and irrigating water.

[0041] The method involves drilling holes in the soil-bearing area of ​​an extremely steep exposed rock slope with a slope greater than 75°. The holes are 1.5-1.7m deep and a spin-resin anchor is embedded (resin anchoring agent is placed at the front end of the spin-resin anchor. During the installation process, the resin is pressurized and stirred and squeezed so that the resin anchoring agent is filled with the spiral wire. The anchoring agent and the spiral wire jointly play an anchoring role). The spin-resin anchor extends 0.8-1m outside the slope and forms a 45° internal angle with the slope. After the spin-resin anchor is driven into the rock mass, a galvanized gabion mesh cage is hooked on the outer end of the spin-resin anchor. The galvanized gabion mesh cage is mainly irregular hexagonal or convex polygonal; the dimensions are: the long diameter (side) length is 0.8-1.2m, and the short diameter (side) length is 0.5-0.8m. Galvanized gabion cages are filled with irregular growth-promoting blocks, which are a mixture of peat, brassinolide, water-retaining agent, eco-cement, soil from crushed plant roots, and adhesive. These blocks can induce plant roots to grow in an undirected manner (because plants have haptotropic growth characteristics, they can grow from the bottom of the galvanized gabion cage and climb up the slope along the self-spinning resin anchor rods). Vines or small shrubs can be planted in the galvanized gabion cages. Vines can be selected from Vitex truncatum, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, and Medicago sativa. Small shrubs can be selected from one or more plants such as Lespedeza, Caragana korshinskii, Amorpha fruticosa, and Hippophae rhamnoides.

[0042] The slope surface can be covered with a plant climbing net. The climbing net uses a φ3.5 plastic-coated metal mesh and is fixed to the slope with rivets at a 2m spacing. The climbing net is 30-50mm away from the wall to facilitate the tactile growth of plants in the galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cage, and to climb and grow along the self-spinning resin anchor rods toward the rock slope.

[0043] A slope-top drainage ditch is built on one side of the plant growth chamber 2. This ditch, constructed using precast mortar-laid stone blocks, intercepts surface water flowing from the top of the slope toward the slope and foot, protecting the excavated slope and fill foot from erosion. A gabion retaining wall 8 is built at the slope corner to provide drainage. Finely divided humus soil can be spread in the retaining wall gaps, filling the exposed gabion wall pores with humus soil, where seedlings can be planted. Finally, temperature and humidity detectors installed in the plant growth chamber 2, the galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cage 6 on the slope, and the gabion retaining wall 8 detect that the temperature and humidity required for plant growth are below their normal set values. The drippers and spray units at each level activate to perform corresponding water replenishment and spraying operations, achieving a certain degree of vegetation restoration on the top, slope, and foot of the rocky slope using relatively simple maintenance and management methods.

[0044] As shown in Figure 3, the intercepting ditch is located at the top of the slope and is built in the form of prefabricated blocks of mortar-laid stone 9. It is used to intercept surface water flowing from the top of the slope to the slope body and the slope foot, protecting the excavation slope and the fill slope foot from being eroded by water.

[0045] As shown in Figure 2, the plant growth chamber system: the plant growth chamber 2 is located on the top of the slope (inside the intercepting ditch), is made of concrete, and includes five parts, namely a water collection pool 2-5, a planting trough 2-6, a main water pipe 2-17, a solar power supply unit 2-1 and a wireless network terminal 2-4; the water collection pool 2-5 is located above the planting trough 2-6, and a plurality of water collection grooves connected to the planting trough notches are formed on the top surface of the water collection pool body. The plurality of water collection grooves are radially spaced with the planting notch of the plant growth chamber 2 as the center. The top surface of the water collection pool body is formed into a conical surface with an axial diameter gradually decreasing toward its bottom surface. The planting notch of the plant growth chamber is formed at the apex of the conical surface. The plurality of water collection grooves extend along the direction of the busbar of the conical surface, and the angle between the busbar of the conical surface and the top surface of the water collection pool body is 30-60°;

[0046] The planting trough 2-6 is located directly below the water collection tank 2-5, and includes the planting trough 2-6, the activated carbon filter tank 2-8, the intelligent water storage tank, and the controllable drainage outlet.

[0047] The ratio of organic waste to plant growth medium per cubic meter in planting troughs 2-6 is 0.25-0.3m 3 , vermiculite 0.05-0.1m 3 , peat soil 0.25-0.4m 3 , perlite 0.1-0.2m 3After fermentation, the above substrate is added with 0.25-0.3kg of water-retaining agent to form a renewable organic ecological cultivation substrate. At the same time, the side walls of the planting troughs 2-6 are made of a new type of water-permeable composite material. When the temperature and humidity detector located in the middle and lower part of the plant growth chamber senses that the humidity of the substrate is lower than the normal value, the small hole channel on the side wall of the planting trough is opened, and the rainwater filtered by the filter tank enters the planting trough to alleviate the drought of the planting trough substrate; the activated carbon filter tank is located on both sides of the upper part of the planting trough, and its height is lower than the side wall of the planting trough to ensure that rainwater from the water collection pool cannot flood into the plant growth chamber. The activated carbon filter tank is filled with activated carbon filter material to filter free matter, microorganisms, and some heavy objects in the rainwater. Metal ions, remove large molecular organic matter, iron oxides, residual chlorine, and can effectively reduce the color of rainwater; the intelligent water storage tank is located below the activated carbon filter tank, including two water tank control units. The first water tank control unit is located on the left side of the planting trough. When the first temperature and humidity detector in the first water tank control unit detects that the soil matrix humidity set for the slope and slope foot vegetation is lower than the standard set value, the first water tank control unit starts the first valve for timely water replenishment. The second water tank control unit is located on the right side of the planting trough and is used for water collection and storage when the rainy season comes. When the second detector in the second water tank control unit detects that the first water tank control unit is short of water, it will open the second control valve for water replenishment. At the same time, when the temperature and humidity detector detects that the ambient temperature of the plants growing in the planting trough on the top of the slope is lower than the normal set temperature value, the automatic spray unit extending from the wall of the secondary water pipe will be activated, and the vegetation in the seedling area will be sprayed irregularly for protection through atomized spraying measures. The atomized water droplets form a water mist layer and a micro-water droplet layer above the plants, thereby increasing the air humidity, and through the refraction and reflection of a large number of water droplets, the intensity of ultraviolet rays reaching the surface of the plants is weakened, playing a protective role; the controllable drain outlet is connected to the main water pipe, and a first control valve is provided at the connection port, which is connected to the first temperature and humidity detector in the first water tank control unit;

[0048] The main water pipe is made of PPR polyurethane insulation material, allowing for on-demand, fixed-point water replenishment during the autumn and winter seasons. The solar power supply unit consists of a solar cell module and a battery. The solar cell module is the core component of the device's power supply system, providing energy for the entire device and storing excess electricity in the battery. When exposed to sunlight, the battery stores excess energy from the solar cell module after meeting basic operating requirements, releasing it to continue providing energy when needed. The wireless network terminal communicates with the cloud server via a wireless communication module, which in turn communicates with the remote monitoring terminal.

[0049] At the same time, the main water pipe (Φ50) of the plant growth room on the slope top extends down along the slope and is installed through the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional mesh cage. Corresponding secondary water pipes (Φ25) are extended from the main water pipe passing through the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional mesh cage. Drip holes are provided on the walls of the secondary water pipes. When the humidity of the growth-promoting block cultivation matrix is ​​lower than the set value for normal plant growth, the temperature and humidity detectors at various levels attached thereto send a water replenishment signal to the intelligent water storage tank of the planting trough on the slope top. The first temperature and humidity detector in the intelligent water storage tank activates the first valve to open the gate and release water, and the corresponding drip holes of the secondary water pipes will replenish water in a timely manner. At the same time, when the temperature and humidity detector detects that the temperature of the plant growth environment in the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional mesh cage is lower than the normal set temperature value, the automatic spray unit extending from the wall of the secondary water pipe will be activated, and the vegetation in the seedling area will be sprayed and protected at irregular intervals through atomized spraying measures. The atomized water droplets form a water mist layer and a micro-water droplet layer above the plants, thereby increasing the air humidity, and through the refraction and reflection of a large number of water droplets, the intensity of ultraviolet rays reaching the plant surface is reduced, thereby playing a protective role.

[0050] The gabion retaining wall is built at the foot of the slope to play a drainage role. Fine humus is spread in the gaps of the retaining wall, and the humus is filled in the pores of the exposed wall of the gabion. Seedlings can be planted in it. The seedlings can be selected from plants such as seaside hibiscus, leucaena leucophylla, cork oak, wild tung, and Chinese tallow tree.

[0051] The application effect of the exposed rock slope vegetation restoration system in this embodiment is as follows:

[0052] This system was applied in the EPC general contracting project of geological environment governance of the Fenhe source mine in Ningwu County (Phase I) undertaken by Beautiful China Ecological Environment Technology Co., Ltd., using a variety of single technologies and technology combinations according to local conditions, highlighting the growth characteristics of mine plants, and restoring vegetation in areas damaged by mining. Through comprehensive vegetation restoration, the average vegetation coverage rate in the governance area reached more than 60%, achieving near-natural ecological governance.

[0053] Before governance

[0054] Before the remediation, the slope consisted of bare rock, with numerous cracks and pits left by blasting. The surface was also rough and pitted. Parts of the rock surface were severely weathered, with pumice forming in some areas. Mining operations also created unstable toe areas on some slopes. Vegetation coverage on the slope was less than 10%, significantly impacting the rock formations with weathering. Slope stability analysis using stereographic projection and limit equilibrium methods revealed stability coefficients ranging from 0.75 to 1.06, indicating the slope was generally unstable or understable.

[0055] After governance

[0056] After treatment, the dangerous rock mass at the top of the slope, tensile cracks at the trailing edge, and broken rock blocks have been removed, the slope's inclination has been reduced, and the slope is generally stable. Vegetation coverage on the slope has reached over 60%, with at least five species. The exposed area of ​​the slope has been significantly reduced, and the weathering rate has slowed.

[0057] Comparison table of technical parameters before and after implementation

[0058] After the implementation of this technology, the original dangerous rock mass on the slope was removed, the overall stability of the slope was greatly improved, and the vegetation coverage of the slope increased from less than 10% to more than 60%. The overall ecological effect and community structure of the slope were greatly improved and improved, forming a relatively stable ecosystem and playing a certain role in improving the surrounding microclimate environment. The specific parameter changes before and after the treatment are shown in the following table:

[0059] The technical means disclosed in the solution of the present invention are not limited to the technical means disclosed in the above-mentioned embodiment, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features.

Claims

1. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Treatment area finishing: Before formal construction, the area to be treated will be finished by combining mechanical and manual methods; S2: Setting up plant climbing nets; S3: Anchor bolt construction: It is implemented on extremely steep rock slopes with an angle greater than 75°. The slope should be drilled from top to bottom, and the depth of the drilling should be determined according to the rock properties. The self-spinning resin anchor bolt should be fixed in the drilled hole on the slope with cement slurry, leaving a small part for hanging galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cages; S4: build plant growth chamber, gabion retaining wall and system device; S5: Filling substrate: According to the different vegetation types and the site conditions required for growth, a renewable organic ecological cultivation substrate is prepared in the planting trough of the plant growth room on the top of the slope; S6: Vegetation configuration; when selecting dominant plant species, they must be drought-resistant, resistant to barrenness, grow fast, and have strong germination and covering abilities.

2. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, debris and floating stones on the slope are first cleaned, and the slope is smoothed while retaining the original vegetation as much as possible; after the trimmed slope is ensured to be flat and free of loose earth and stones, the slope surface is evenly covered with soil by the soil-importing method, and organic fertilizer is applied.

3. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: S2: The plant climbing net covering the surface of the slope adopts a φ3.5 plastic-coated metal mesh, which is fixed on the slope surface with rivets at a rivet spacing of 2m, and the climbing net is 30-50mm away from the wall, so as to facilitate the tactile growth of plants in the galvanized gabion multi-dimensional mesh cage, and climb and grow along the self-spinning resin anchor through the climbing net toward the rock slope.

4. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: S3: a hole with a diameter of 18 mm should be drilled from top to bottom on the slope surface, and the depth should be determined according to the rock properties. The self-spinning resin anchor rod should be fixed in the hole of the slope surface with cement slurry, leaving one end for hanging galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cages; before hanging the cages, the bottom of the cage position where the cages are to be hung should be padded with stirred nutrient yellow mud; the galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cages should be installed one by one continuously and closely along the rock surface from bottom to top, and each galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cage should be firmly fixed with a gasket and matching nut that is longer than the mesh of the galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cage; during the hanging process, the gaps between the mountain micro-topography and the mesh cages should be fully utilized to plant various shrubs, vines and herbaceous plants suitable for local natural conditions.

5. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: S4: A slope top intercepting ditch is built on one side of the multifunctional plant growth chamber (2), and the intercepting ditch is built in the form of prefabricated mortar-laid stone blocks to intercept surface water flowing from the top of the slope to the slope body and the slope foot, so as to protect the excavation slope and the fill slope foot from being eroded by water flow; a gabion retaining wall (8) is built at the slope corner, and cutting seedlings (7) are planted in the gabion retaining wall (8) built at the slope corner; a photovoltaic system and a wireless network terminal system (204) are respectively set up in the groove (20501) of the slope top plant growth chamber (2), and the multifunctional plant growth chamber (2) is provided with a water collection pool (205), a planting trough (206), an intelligent water tank, a main water pipeline (217), an activated carbon filter tank (208), first and second water tank control units (211, 214) and a controllable drainage outlet; the intelligent water storage tank is located in the activated carbon filter. The main water pipe (217) is installed along the lower edge of the slope in the galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cages and gabion retaining walls on the slope. The galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cages (6) and the gabion retaining walls (8) are provided with various graded temperature and humidity detectors for detecting the external and internal conditions for the growth of vegetation in the mesh cages (6), and performing automatic fixed-point water replenishment and atomization spraying operations according to set parameters. The photovoltaic system is composed of a solar cell panel (201) and a battery (203). The solar cell panel (201) is the core part of the power supply system of the device, providing energy and power for the entire device, and storing excess electricity in the battery (203). The wireless network terminal system (204) performs wireless communication with the cloud server through the wireless communication module, and the cloud server is connected to the remote monitoring terminal for communication.

6. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water collecting pool (205) is located above the planting trough (206), and a plurality of water collecting pools connected to the notches of the planting trough (206) are formed on the top surface of the main body; at the same time, the side walls of the planting trough (206) are made of a new type of water-permeable composite material; the activated carbon filter tank (208) is located at the upper part of the planting trough (206) and is arranged at the end position of the lower edge of the side walls of the water collecting pool (2-5); a first humidity sensor (210) and a second humidity sensor (213) are arranged on both sides of the planting trough (206), and the intelligent water storage tank includes a first and a second water tank control unit (211, 214); and a first temperature and humidity detector (209), a second temperature and humidity detector (212), a first control valve (215), a second control valve (216) and a controllable drain port are arranged in the intelligent water storage tank, and the controllable drain port is externally connected to the main water pipeline (217); the first water tank control unit (211) is located on the left side of the planting trough (206). When the first temperature and humidity detector (209) in the first water tank control unit (211) detects that the soil matrix humidity set for the vegetation on the slope and the foot of the slope is lower than the standard set value, the first water tank control unit (211) starts the first control valve (215) for timely water replenishment. The second water tank control unit (214) is located on the right side of the planting trough (206) and is used for collecting and storing water when the rainy season comes. When the second temperature and humidity detector (212) in the second water tank control unit (214) detects that the first water tank control unit (211) is short of water, the second control valve (216) will be opened for water replenishment. When the humidity detector detects that the ambient temperature of the plants growing in the planting trough at the top of the slope is lower than the normal set temperature value, the automatic spray unit extending from the wall of the secondary water pipe will be started, and the vegetation in the seedling area will be sprayed irregularly for protection through atomization spraying measures.

7. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main water pipeline (217) is made of PPR polyurethane insulation pipe material.

8. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of exposed rock slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: S5: the ratio of organic waste to plant growth substrate per cubic meter is 0.25-0.3 m 3 , Vermiculite 0.05-0.1m 3 , peat soil 0.25-0.4m 3 , Perlite 0.1-0.2m 3 After fermentation, 0.25-0.3 kg of water retaining agent is added to the above substrate to form a renewable organic ecological cultivation substrate.

9. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration on exposed rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that: The multiple water collection grooves (20502) are radially arranged with the notch of the planting groove (206) as the center. The top surface of the water collection pool (205) body is formed as a conical surface with an axial diameter gradually decreasing toward its bottom surface. The planting notch of the plant growth chamber is formed at the vertex of the conical surface. The multiple water collection grooves (20502) extend along the generatrix direction of the conical surface. The angle between the generatrix of the conical surface and the top surface of the water collection pool body is 30-60°.

10. A construction method suitable for vegetation restoration of exposed rock slopes according to claim 6, characterized in that: In S6, vegetation species screening is one of the most important links in vegetation restoration work; therefore, when screening dominant plant species, they must be drought-resistant, barren-resistant, fast-growing, and have strong germination and covering abilities; through field research at the project site, 21 species of plants were preliminarily screened out; among them, shrubs or small trees can be planted in the plant growth room on the top of the slope, and shrubs can be selected from Elaeagnus elaeagnus, Tamarix chinensis, Juniperus chinensis, Pistacia chinensis, and Rosa multiflora, and small trees can be selected from Tung oil tree, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, and Casuarina equisetifolia at one or more; vines or small shrubs can be planted in the galvanized gabion multidimensional mesh cages on the slope, and vines can be selected from Vitex truncatula, Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, and Medicago truncatula, and small shrubs can be selected from Lespedeza bicolor, Caragana korshinskii, Amorpha fruticosa, Hippophae rhamnoides and other plants at one or more; one or more of Hibiscus syriacus, Leucaena leucophylla, Quercus variabilis, Tung oil tree, and Sapium sebiferum can be selected in the gabion retaining wall at the foot of the slope.

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