Continuous carbon dioxide capture process

Abstract

The continuous carbon dioxide capture process disclosed a discrete carbon dioxide capture step, the steps for rehabilitating used sorbents and the circulation of the solid phase within the process is a closed system. The process uses a recycling sorbent in the solid phase to capture carbon dioxide in the gas phase and release the low carbon dioxide gas back into the environment. The solids enter the recovery process by gassing concentrated carbon dioxide into the storage unit. Cycling the recovered sorbent into the capture increases the potential for CO2 recovery and reduces CO2 emissions.

Description

CONTINUOUS CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROCESS

[0001] Chemical engineering

[0002] Carbon capture storage and utilization technology (CCSU) is a technology for reducing the amount of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere. This consists of a capture process that is responsible for separating the target greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, from other gases in order to increase the carbon dioxide concentration. The trapping process is divided into two types comprises; the chemical adsorption or the sorption reaction, which can be carried out by adsorption solids or substances absorbing liquids. The other is the physical trapping process. The structural specificity causes separation through permeable membranes or entrapment in the pores of solid particles. High concentrations of carbon dioxide will enter the storage or sequestration process, stored appropriately according to the conditions and regulations of business operations. Good management makes carbon dioxide reservoirs become a new type of asset that guarantees the sustainability of goods and services for example the carbon credits, etc. , that can change the owner through carbon trading. Utilization is the depletion of carbon dioxide from reservoirs to be used in other industries, creating new products and services. This creates three benefits comprises, the reducing the storage area usage, slow down and reduce the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, and that can reduce the carbon footprint, which will steadily increase the competitiveness of products and services throughout the business chain in the circular economy system.

[0003] The carbon capture process is a bottleneck in CO2 capture and reuse technology. Because it is a process that uses a lot of energy. Installing such a process behind a combustion-fired power generation unit would increase the cost of generating electricity by 10 percent to 15 percent because the current carbon dioxide capture uses a liquid phase to absorb carbon dioxide. The gas phase has low surface contact between the two liquid and gas phases, which is the physical limitations that make the assimilation process become a large-scale production unit. Sophisticated design and control equipment are required to prevent the loss of liquid absorbent that evaporates into the liquid phase during processing.

[0004] The increasing the height of the absorption tower to more than 15 meters is the only option that would allow the absorption process to continuously capture carbon dioxide from the combustion-fired generator. This leads to installation problems and the medium-sized industrial operations that use traditional production processes with limited space. The upgrading production process to a low-carbon production process requires the investion in the layout of the business site. The existing capture unit operators have a minimum capacity to capture carbon dioxide that is higher than that released from the production unit. This causes the rate of access to carbon dioxide capture units to be low compared to the goal of reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

[0005] US11041420B2 of Donald Williams and Erik Rodriguez reveals the use of a solid adsorbent that relies on physical trapping by the pores of the interior of a adsorbent suitable for carbon dioxide molecular size. The process requires a narrow operating range because it requires the specific temperatures and pressures. As a result, the carbon dioxide capture capacity is low, so it is not yet suitable for use at the industrial level that requires a continuous capture process.

[0006] US 9975087 B2 reveals by Peter Eisenberger show a process that uses an amine adsorbent on a porous solid support to chemically capture carbon dioxide. The process proceeds by alternating steps between carbon dioxide capture by adsorption and recovery of the adsorbent by carbon dioxide desorption in a continuous sequence. The switching operations in the same equipment creates an on-off loop of the control system. Therefore, it is necessary to install at least two such processes that run simultaneously with opposite workflows to achieve continuous capture.

[0007] According to US10577248B2 of Charles Lee Harper, Jr., it is revealed that the process of chemically capturing carbon dioxide using a solid adsorbent is used to increase the quality of natural gas production. That demonstrates the adoption of chemical capture processes with solid sorbents on a large-scale commercial scale. But its focuses on a specific group of chemical sorbents. The disadvantage of the selected solid chemical trapping process, that still use the same reactor set as both a trapping unit and rehabilitate the absorbent.

[0008] Rising carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is accelerating the effects of global chaos, resulting in higher costs for producing goods and services. Access to reasonably priced carbon capture processes that are highly flexible in use as compact units it will enable businesses of all levels to have a place in the circular economy by produce products and services with a low carbon footprint.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to reduce the limitations on the carbon dioxide capture technology with a small process that requires a low investment, but it has high operational flexibility and increase the potential and reduce the steps in transitioning the production process of entrepreneurs to access energy sources with low carbon credits, which is an important foundation of competition in the circular economy. The nature of the present invention is a process of continuously capturing carbon dioxide from the gas phase by circulating the adsorbent in the solid phase through 3 processes: 1.carbon dioxide adsorption by chemical or physical reaction , 2. separation of low CO2 gases from spent solid adsorbents , 3. the recovery of used solids by releasing carbon dioxide into the storage unit. The recovered solids then capture carbon dioxide. This makes it possible to capture and store carbon dioxide continuously by rotating the solid absorber within the closed system of the process.Fig.1

[0010] shows a diagram of the carbon dioxide capture process.

[0011]

[0012] shows a diagram of the continuous carbon dioxide capture process.

[0013] Fig.3

[0014] Fig.3 shows an example of a continuous carbon dioxide capture process.

[0015] The following reveals the continuous carbon dioxide capture process. That can be explained as follows. The continuous carbon dioxide capture process consists of,

[0016] the process of carbon dioxide capture by capturing carbon dioxide gas with a chemical or physical solid absorbent. that uses adsorbents to capture carbon dioxide in the gas phase. The structure or functional group of the adsorbent will hold carbon dioxide gas in gas phase into the adsorbent. Or trapping carbon dioxide gas through an absorber that occur within a controlled pressure and temperature range, resulting in a gas phase with a low carbon dioxide concentration. The process of separating low carbon dioxide gas from the used adsorbent (gas–solid separation) by causing physical separation by moving in opposite directions in the vertical direction of the gas and solid phases. The gas phase with a low carbon dioxide concentration rises vertically flow into the environment while the used adsorbent falls vertically due to the force of gravity.

[0017] The process of spent sorbent regeneration by using pressure or increasing temperature or microwaves to release carbon dioxide from the used adsorbent. The gas phase that undergoes the regeneration process will have a carbon dioxide concentration at least twice as high as the gas fed to the process. The gas cycle generated from the recovery is transported to a storage unit to be fed into the recovery process. The regenerated sorbent moves into the adsorption stage for using in the carbon dioxide capture process.

[0018] The characteristic is the circulation of the solid phase within the closed process through 3 steps: the process of capturing carbon dioxide, the process of separating low carbon dioxide gas from the used sorbent, and the process of rehabilitating used sorbents. This allows the process to continuously capture carbon dioxide without stopping to switch between each step.

[0019] shows a diagram of the carbon dioxide capture process as follows. The process captures carbon dioxide from the gas phase continuously by circulating the adsorbent in the solid phase. Step 1: a process of carbon dioxide capture, it occurs in an operating unit called an adsorption tower (or riser), that is, capturing carbon dioxide with an adsorbent through a chemical or physical process. By maintaining the temperature in the range of 37 - 150 degrees Celsius when carbon dioxide gas comes into contact with a solid absorbent. This causes the separation of some carbon dioxide gas from the gas phase are mixed as common components. The gas phase in which the carbon dioxide concentration decreases and the solid phase that is the adsorbent that stores the carbon dioxide move simultaneously from step 1 to step 2, the step of separating out the low carbon dioxide gas from the used absorbent. It occurs in an operating unit called a cyclone, i.e., the separation of the two gas phases from the solid by gravity forces. The buoyancy force drives the gas phase with a lower carbon dioxide concentration than the input into the environment. Meanwhile, the Earth's gravitational force pulls the solid phase that is the adsorbent that holds the carbon dioxide into step 3, the process of restoring or the used adsorbent. It occurs in an operating unit called a downer, the release of carbon dioxide from the solid phase by heating or pressure reduction or microwaves. This causes a gas phase with a higher concentration of carbon dioxide more than the output product that fed into the storage process and sent into the recycling process.

[0020] The solid phase circulation is a closed system through three steps that take place in the processing unit in stages 1 through 3 that allow the continuous carbon dioxide capture. As for the absorbent that has undergone carbon dioxide gas leaching, this process takes one gas phase as a starting material and that creates two gas phase production lines with continuously carbon dioxide compositions. The first product line with a lower carbon dioxide concentration than the initial gas phase is removed from step 2 to be returned to the environment or used in activities that require low carbon dioxide. The final product line with a higher carbon dioxide concentration than the initial gas phase exits step 3 to enter the storage process and to the process of use in activities that require high carbon dioxide gas.

[0021] shows a diagram of the continuous carbon dioxide capture process. It consists of the images ofarranged together in 4 circuits, strung together continuously. It can be explained as follows.

[0022] The 1stCircuit in the upper left that has absorption tower 1, which is the beginning of the carbon dioxide capture process. It works as revealed in, with the inlet gas phase carbon dioxide concentration have a value of X parts per million.shows the special characteristics: Return the carbon dioxide gas released in step 2 to the absorption tower of step 1 when the total carbon dioxide gas level is more than 300 parts per million. That bring the carbon dioxide gas back into the second absorption tower where conditions are limited to lower carbon dioxide gas absorption 0.7X parts per million when the absorbent in cycle 1 is named N1.

[0023] The 2ndCircuit in the upper right has a second absorption tower that capture the carbon dioxide gas from step 2 of Circuit 1 through an absorber with properties that are the same or different from the absorber in Circuit 1, giving it the name N2. There will be different absorbers but the process of capturing carbon dioxide gas will still be the same. Carbon dioxide gas in the 2nd step of the 2nd cycle has special characteristics: Bring the carbon dioxide gas released in step 2 back into the absorption tower of step 1 in cycle 2 when the carbon dioxide gas quantity is checked to be in the range X – (0.7X – A) parts per million, where A is the constant value, which is determined from air standards in the area where carbon dioxide capture that is installed or calculated the appropriate value from the properties of the absorbent. And when carbon dioxide gas is not within the specified range, the carbon dioxide gas is released into the next cycle. Or the calculation statistics class ratios keep doing this until you reach circuit 3.

[0024] The 3rdCircuit in the lower right is the carbon dioxide capture process with different adsorbents, named N(M-1), where M is the number of adsorbent types in the continuous carbon dioxide capture process. The third cycle has the carbon dioxide capture process is similar to the previous cycle. It's just nearing the end of the process of bringing air into the environment in a pure way.Examples

[0025] Example of the continuous carbon dioxide capture process, ss shown in Fig.3 is an example of use to increase the capacity to capture more carbon dioxide. By taking gas that has been captured and fed to a continuous carbon dioxide capture unit in series. This form of application will significantly reduce carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. This is an important competitive condition for a carbon-free society. Set the conditions for the continuous carbon dioxide capture process and set N = 4 as follows.

[0026] Circuit sequenceAdsorbent1Chemical adsorption of carbonate groups such as Sodium Carbonate or Potassium Carbonate2Chemical adsorption of amines includes polyallylamine, MDEA (monoethanolamine), ethylenediamine, DEA (DEA, diethanolamine).N-1 = 3Physical adsorption of activated carbon,or activated carbonN = 4Physical adsorption of metal inorganic framework (MIF, metal inorganic framework) or organic network (MOF, metal organic framework)

[0027] There is a carbon dioxide capture process as follows.

[0028] Air containing carbon dioxide gas moves into absorber tower 1, which has a carbonate absorber with a temperature in the range of 37-80 degrees Celsius, which is the appropriate controlled temperature range for operation as shown in Equation (1)

[0029] Carbonate compound + water + carbon dioxide => bicarbonate compound + heat (1).

[0030] Carbonate compounds are very reactive to react with carbon dioxide and water in mild conditions. Carbon dioxide is stored in the form of bicarbonate and exotherms during the reaction. More than 50 percent of carbon dioxide can be captured in absorption tower 1, a gas phase with a lower carbon dioxide concentration. It will enter the conditioning process and be transported into the absorption tower at the next rate.

[0031] Absorption tower 2 is an amine compound with the ability to capture carbon dioxide in the range of 15 to 40 degrees Celsius. The outstanding absorbers in this group include: polyallylamine absorbent that has the ability to trap carbon dioxide when many other gases are mixed with it, MDEA absorbent (monoethanolamine) is non-toxic to the environment and resistant to biodegradation that can absorb carbon dioxide gas with hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ethylenediamine can capture carbon dioxide during the system pressure fluctuation in the range of 90,000 - 130,000 pascals, and the suction DEA (diethanolamine), which is a chemical absorbent. It has the ability to absorb carbon dioxide, acid gases, and toxic gases that have strong oxidizing properties. The third absorption tower has the capacity to capture more carbon dioxide by not less than 15 percent of the carbon dioxide fed into the process.

[0032] Absorption tower 3 can choose to use a physical adsorbent with activated carbon adsorbent that has a surface and morphology that can create a weak bonding force in the storage of carbon dioxide molecules. Trapping can occur at temperatures below 25 degrees Celsius and at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure. The third absorption tower has the capacity to capture more carbon dioxide by not less than 10 percent of the carbon dioxide fed into the process.

[0033] Absorption tower 4 can choose to use physical adsorbents with inorganic metal network adsorbents or organic network. That is caused by molding the crystal structure to have a surface and morphology that can interact with carbon dioxide in the storage of carbon dioxide molecules. Trapping can occur at temperatures below 25 degrees Celsius and at pressures greater than atmospheric pressure. This group of sorbents has the ability to capture carbon dioxide in low concentration conditions. The fourth absorption tower has the capacity to capture more carbon dioxide by not less than 5 percent of the carbon dioxide fed into the process.

Claims

The continuous carbon dioxide capture process consists of,the process of carbon dioxide capture by capturing carbon dioxide gas with a chemical or physical solid absorbent that uses adsorbents to capture carbon dioxide in the gas phase. The structure or functional group of the adsorbent will hold carbon dioxide gas in gas phase into the adsorbent,the process of spent sorbent regeneration by using pressure or increasing temperature or microwaves to release carbon dioxide from the used adsorbent. The gas phase that undergoes the regeneration process will have a carbon dioxide concentration at least twice as high as the gas fed to the process,the characteristic of the process is the circulation of the solid phase within the closed process through 3 steps: 1.the process of capturing carbon dioxide, 2. the process of separating low carbon dioxide gas from the used sorbent, and 3.the process of rehabilitating used sorbents.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the process to continuously capture carbon dioxide without stopping to switch between each step.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the process of carbon dioxide capture trapping carbon dioxide gas through an absorber that occur within a controlled pressure and temperature range, resulting in a gas phase with a low carbon dioxide concentration.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the process of carbon dioxide capture has the process of separating low carbon dioxide gas from the used adsorbent (or gas–solid separation) by causing physical separation by moving in opposite directions in the vertical direction of the gas and solid phases, the gas phase with a low carbon dioxide concentration rises vertically flow into the environment while the used adsorbent falls vertically due to the force of gravity.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the process of spent sorbent regeneration such that the gas cycle generated from the recovery is transported to a storage unit to be fed into the recovery process, the regenerated sorbent moves into the adsorption stage for using in the carbon dioxide capture process.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the process of carbon dioxide capture has an adsorption tower (or riser), that is, capturing carbon dioxide with an adsorbent through a chemical or physical process by maintaining the temperature in the range of 37 - 150 degrees Celsius.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein taking gas that has been captured and fed to a continuous carbon dioxide capture unit in series.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the suit adsorbent comprises polyallylamine , MDEA (monoethanolamine), ethylenediamine, DEA (DEA, diethanolamine), activated carbon , physical adsorption of metal inorganic framework (MIF, metal inorganic framework) or organic network (MOF, metal organic framework).The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the step of separating out the low carbon dioxide gas from the used absorbent, is occurs in an operating unit called a cyclone, i.e., the separation of the two gas phases from the solid by gravity forces, and the buoyancy force drives the gas phase with a lower carbon dioxide concentration than the input into the environment meanwhile, the Earth's gravitational force pulls the solid phase that is the adsorbent that holds the carbon dioxide.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the solid phase circulation is a closed system through three steps that take place in the processing unit in stages 1 through 3 that allow the continuous carbon dioxide capture as for the absorbent that has undergone carbon dioxide gas leaching, this process takes one gas phase as a starting material and that creates two gas phase production lines with continuously carbon dioxide compositions, the first product line with a lower carbon dioxide concentration than the initial gas phase is removed from step 2 to be returned to the environment or used in activities that require low carbon dioxide, and the final product line with a higher carbon dioxide concentration than the initial gas phase exits step 3 to enter the storage process and to the process of use in activities that require high carbon dioxide gas.The continuous carbon dioxide capture process in accordance with claim 1, wherein carbon dioxide gas in the seperated low carbon dioxide process has characteristics, thath is, ring the carbon dioxide gas released in step 2 back into the absorption tower of step 1 in cycle 2 when the carbon dioxide gas quantity is checked to be in the range X – (0.7X – A) parts per million, where A is the constant value, which is determined from air standards in the area where carbon dioxide capture that is installed or calculated the appropriate value from the properties of the absorbent. And when carbon dioxide gas is not within the specified range, the carbon dioxide gas is released into the next cycle or the calculation statistics class ratios.

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