Sensor, manufacturing method, battery cell, battery, and electric device

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a sensor, a manufacturing method, a battery cell, a battery, and an electric device. The sensor comprises: two cover layers, a sensitive layer and a packaging layer, wherein the two cover layers are arranged opposite each other and spaced apart; the sensitive layer is arranged between the two cover layers; the packaging layer is arranged around the circumference of the sensitive layer and connects the two cover layers; and the packaging layer and the two cover layers jointly form an accommodating space, the sensitive layer being arranged in the accommodating space, and the packaging layer being provided with an air channel used for communicating the accommodating space with an external environment. Thus, the packaging layer is provided with an air channel, through which the accommodating space is in communication with the external environment, so that, by means of the air channel, the pressure difference between the accommodating space and the external environment can be minimized, thereby alleviating the problem of the pressure difference between the interior of the sensor and the external environment getting excessively large and causing inaccuracies in detection results of the sensor, improving the sensor detection accuracy.

Description

Sensor, manufacturing method, battery cell, battery and power-consuming device

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application No. 2023108887544 filed on July 19, 2023, entitled “A sensor, a manufacturing method, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

Technical field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a sensor, a manufacturing method, a battery cell, a battery, and an electrical device. [Background Technology]

[0003] Energy conservation and emission reduction are key to sustainable development, which in turn promotes the adjustment of energy structure and drives the development and application of battery technology. The key to the development of battery technology lies in electrochemical energy storage technology. Due to its advantages such as high energy density, good cycle life, high operating voltage, environmental friendliness, and low self-discharge, it has been widely used in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.

[0004] The working status of the battery can be monitored by sensors during use. However, if there is a large deviation between the air pressure in the environment where the sensor is located and the air pressure inside the sensor, it will directly affect the sensor's detection results.

[0005] [Summary of the invention]

[0006] The main purpose of this application is to provide a sensor, a manufacturing method, a battery cell, a battery and an electrical device, aiming to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a sensor, which includes: two cover layers, a sensitive layer, and an encapsulation layer, wherein the two cover layers are opposite to each other and spaced apart; the sensitive layer is arranged between the two cover layers; the encapsulation layer is arranged around the circumference of the sensitive layer and connects the two cover layers, and the encapsulation layer and the two cover layers together form a storage space; wherein the sensitive layer is arranged in the storage space, and the encapsulation layer is provided with an airway connecting the storage space with the external environment. Thus, the encapsulation layer connects the two cover layers to form the storage space, which can better protect the sensitive layer located in the storage space through the encapsulation layer and the two cover layers, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the sensitive layer. At the same time, the encapsulation layer is provided with an airway, and the storage space is connected to the external environment through the airway, which can facilitate the pressure difference between the storage space and the external environment to be minimized through the airway, thereby alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor due to the large pressure difference between the inside of the sensor and the external environment, thereby improving the accuracy of sensor detection.

[0008] In some embodiments, a packaging gap connecting an air channel is formed between the packaging layer and the sensitive layer. Thus, by forming a packaging gap between the packaging layer and the sensitive layer, the air channel can connect to more locations inside the sensor through the packaging gap, making it easier to adjust the pressure difference between the sensor interior and the external environment through the air channel, further alleviating the problem of inaccurate sensor detection results due to large pressure differences and improving sensor detection accuracy.

[0009] In some embodiments, the packaging gap is disposed around the sensitive layer along its circumference. This allows the sensitive layer to be more fully connected to the external environment through the packaging gap and the airway, making it easier to adjust the pressure differential between the sensor interior and the external environment through the airway. This further alleviates the problem of inaccurate sensor detection results due to large pressure differentials and improves sensor detection accuracy.

[0010] In some embodiments, the packaging layer is provided with an air channel and at least one vent, the air channel extending along the extension direction of the packaging layer, the air channel communicating with the airway, and at least one vent communicating with the air channel and the accommodation space. Thus, by providing the air channel and the vent on the packaging layer, and further connecting the accommodation space and the air channel through the air channel and the vent, the air channel can be connected to more locations within the sensor without the need for additional gaps, making it easier to adjust the pressure differential between the sensor's interior and the external environment through the air channel, further alleviating the problem of inaccurate sensor detection results due to large pressure differentials and improving the accuracy of sensor detection.

[0011] In some embodiments, the at least one vent hole is provided in multiple numbers, and the multiple vent holes are spaced apart along the extension direction. Thus, by providing multiple vent holes, and by spaced apart along the extension direction, the sensitive layer can be more fully connected to the airway through the multiple vent holes and the air guide channel, thereby making it easier to adjust the pressure difference between the interior of the sensor and the external environment through the airway, further alleviating the problem of inaccurate sensor detection results due to large pressure differences, and improving the accuracy of sensor detection.

[0012] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer includes a main body layer and two insulating layers, the main body layer being sandwiched between the two insulating layers, and the main body layer and the two insulating layers being respectively arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference thereof; the air guide channel and the vent holes being provided in the main body layer. Thus, by sandwiching the main body layer between the two insulating layers, it is possible to easily connect the main body layer to the two cover layers via the two insulating layers to form a receiving space without affecting the air guide channel and the vent holes.

[0013] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer includes a main body layer and two insulating layers. The main body layer is sandwiched between the two insulating layers, and the main body layer and the two insulating layers are respectively arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference. The main body layer and at least one of the two insulating layers jointly form an air channel and an air vent. Thus, sandwiching the main body layer between the two insulating layers facilitates connecting the main body layer to the two cover layers via the two insulating layers to form a receiving space. Furthermore, the main body layer and at least one of the two insulating layers jointly form the air channel and the air vent, reducing the difficulty of forming the air channel and the air vent and improving production efficiency.

[0014] In some embodiments, the main body layer is provided with a through-groove extending along an extension direction and at least one opening communicating with the through-groove, with the at least one opening being provided on the side of the main body layer facing the accommodation space; the through-groove extends through opposite sides of the main body layer in the arrangement direction of the two insulating layers; the two insulating layers cover the through-groove and the opening to form the corresponding air channel and vent. Thus, by providing the through-groove and the opening in the main body layer and covering the through-groove and the opening with the two insulating layers to form the air channel and vent, the difficulty of forming the air channel and vent can be reduced, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0015] In some embodiments, the main body layer includes an inner packaging portion and an outer packaging portion. The inner packaging portion is disposed around the sensitive layer along the circumference of the sensitive layer, and the outer packaging portion is disposed around the inner packaging portion along the circumference of the sensitive layer. The inner packaging portion and the outer packaging portion are spaced apart to form a through-groove. The inner packaging portion includes at least two packaging segments spaced apart along the circumference of the sensitive layer, with a through-opening formed between each two adjacent packaging segments. Thus, by forming the through-groove by the inner and outer packaging portions, the difficulty of forming the through-groove can be reduced. At the same time, by forming the through-opening by the spaced apart adjacent packaging segments, the difficulty of forming the through-groove can be reduced, thereby reducing the difficulty of forming the air guide channel and the vent, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0016] In some embodiments, the main body layer is bonded to the two cover layers through the two insulating layers, thereby facilitating the connection of the main body layer to the two cover layers to form a receiving space.

[0017] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer includes a main body portion and an airway portion. The main body portion is disposed around the sensitive layer along its circumference to enclose a storage space. The airway portion is connected to the main body portion and extends away from the storage space. The airway portion extends through the airway portion to connect to the storage space. This facilitates forming the storage space through the main body portion and the two cover layers, and also facilitates forming an airway through the airway portion. Furthermore, the airway portion extends away from the storage space, making it easier to connect the storage space with the external environment through the airway.

[0018] In some embodiments, the main body is in the shape of a semi-enclosed ring with an opening, and the airway portion includes a first extension segment and a second extension segment. The first extension segment and the second extension segment respectively connect the two ends of the main body to form the opening, extend away from the receiving space, and are spaced side by side to form the airway. Thus, the main body is in the shape of a semi-enclosed ring with an opening, which facilitates the airway to connect to the receiving space through the opening of the main body. Furthermore, the first extension segment and the second extension segment extend away from the receiving space to form the airway, which can reduce the difficulty of forming the airway and improve production efficiency.

[0019] In some embodiments, each cover layer includes a cover body and an extension portion. The main body portion is sandwiched between the cover bodies of the two cover layers, and the airway portion is sandwiched between the extension portions of the two cover layers. The sensitive layer has leads, which are fixed to the cover body and further extended to the outside of the two cover layers through the extension portion. Thus, the main body portion is sandwiched between the cover bodies of the two cover layers, and the airway portion is sandwiched between the extension portions of the two cover layers. This can improve the matching degree between the two cover layers and the packaging layer, making it easier to form an accommodation space through the two cover layers and the packaging layer to better protect the sensitive layer. At the same time, the leads of the sensitive layer are fixed to the cover body and further extended to the outside of the two cover layers through the extension portion. This allows the leads to be fixed and extended to the outside of the two cover layers, so that the sensor can be electrically connected to the external circuit through the leads.

[0020] In some embodiments, each cover layer includes a stacked protective layer and a base layer, with the base layer disposed between the sensitive layer and the protective layer. The encapsulation layer connects the base layers of the two cover layers to form a containment space with the base layers. Thus, the base layer supports the sensitive layer, and the two base layers and the sensitive layer are located between the two protective layers. The protective layer effectively protects the base layer and the protective layer. At the same time, the encapsulation layer connects the two base layers to form a containment space. This effectively mitigates the pressure differential between the sensitive layer and the base layer and the external environment through the airway and the containment space, thereby improving the accuracy of sensor detection.

[0021] In some embodiments, the two cover layers include a protective layer and a base layer that are stacked, and the base layer is disposed between the sensitive layer and the protective layer; the encapsulation layer connects the protective layers of the two cover layers to form a storage space with the protective layers; and the base layer is located in the storage space. Thus, the sensitive layer is supported by the base layer, and the two base layers and the sensitive layer are located between the two protective layers, so that the base layer and the protective layer can be better protected by the protective layer. The encapsulation layer connects the protective layers of the two cover layers to form a storage space with the protective layers, which can better alleviate the pressure difference problem between the sensitive layer and the base layer, and between the base layer and the protective layer through the airway and the storage space. At the same time, the encapsulation layer connects the protective layers of the two cover layers, which can also reduce the impact of the encapsulation layer on the base layer, thereby improving the accuracy of sensor detection.

[0022] In some embodiments, there are two sensitive layers, which are stacked on top of each other and located between two cover layers. Thus, the two-layer sensitive layer structure can reduce the thickness of a single sensitive layer, reduce the difficulty of forming the sensitive layer, and improve the detection accuracy of the sensor.

[0023] In some embodiments, the edges of the two cover layers are connected to each other, thereby enabling the two cover layers to be sealed and connected while also providing good protection for the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer.

[0024] In some embodiments, the two cover layers include two protective layers disposed opposite each other, with edges of the two protective layers connected to each other. Thus, while the two protective layers are hermetically connected, they can also effectively protect the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer. Furthermore, the hermetically connected protective layers can minimize adverse effects of the sealing operation on the sensor.

[0025] To solve the above problems, the present application provides a method for manufacturing the above-mentioned sensor, the manufacturing method comprising: providing two cover layers; arranging a sensitive layer and an encapsulation layer between the two cover layers, wherein the encapsulation layer connects the two cover layers, the encapsulation layer is arranged around the circumference of the sensitive layer, the encapsulation layer and the two cover layers together form a storage space, the sensitive layer is arranged in the storage space, and the encapsulation layer is provided with an airway connecting the storage space with the external environment. Thus, the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer are arranged between the two cover layers so that the encapsulation layer connects the two cover layers to form the storage space, which can better protect the sensitive layer located in the storage space through the encapsulation layer and the two cover layers, thereby alleviating the risk of damage to the sensitive layer. At the same time, the encapsulation layer is provided with an airway, and the storage space is connected to the external environment through the airway, which can facilitate the pressure difference between the storage space and the external environment to be minimized through the airway, thereby alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor due to the large pressure difference between the inside of the sensor and the external environment, thereby improving the accuracy of sensor detection.

[0026] In some embodiments, the step of placing the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers includes: placing the sensitive layer on one of the two cover layers; placing the other cover layer on the sensitive layer so that the sensitive layer is located between the two cover layers; and placing the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers. Thus, first placing the sensitive layer on one of the two cover layers and then placing the other cover layer on the sensitive layer can achieve a closer fit between the sensitive layer and the two cover layers, thereby improving the accuracy of sensor detection. Finally, encapsulating the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers can reduce the difficulty of forming the sensor.

[0027] In some embodiments, the step of placing the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers includes: placing the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer on one of the two cover layers; and placing the other cover layer over the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer, so that the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer are located between the two cover layers. Thus, first placing the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer on one of the two cover layers facilitates the formation of a receiving space and the positioning of the sensitive layer within the receiving space. Subsequently, placing the other cover layer over the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer can reduce the difficulty of forming the sensor.

[0028] In some embodiments, the step of placing the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers includes: applying a slurry corresponding to the sensitive layer between the two cover layers; and bonding the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers. Thus, the coating and bonding methods can reduce the difficulty of forming the sensor.

[0029] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a battery cell, which includes the above sensor.

[0030] In some embodiments, a battery cell includes a housing and an electrode assembly, with the electrode assembly and sensor disposed within the housing and communicating with the exterior of the housing via an air duct. Thus, disposing the electrode assembly within the housing provides better protection for the electrode assembly, while disposing the sensor within the housing facilitates rapid and accurate detection of the operating status of the battery cell. Furthermore, the sensor communicates with the exterior of the housing via the air duct, which facilitates minimizing the pressure differential between the housing space and the external environment, thereby improving the accuracy of sensor detection.

[0031] In some embodiments, the packaging layer includes a main body portion and an airway portion. The main body portion is arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference of the sensitive layer to enclose a storage space; the airway portion is connected to the main body portion and extends in a direction away from the storage space; the airway passes through the airway portion to connect to the storage space, the main body portion is located inside the shell, and the airway portion passes through the shell to connect the airway with the outside of the shell. In this way, it is convenient for the main body portion to cooperate with the two layers of cover layers to form a storage space, and it is convenient for the airway portion to form an airway. At the same time, the airway portion extends in a direction away from the storage space, making it easier to connect the storage space and the external environment through the airway. The main body portion is located inside the shell, and the airway portion passes through the shell to the outside of the shell. The working status of the battery cell can be quickly and accurately detected through the main body portion, and the pressure difference between the storage space and the external environment is minimized through the airway portion, thereby improving the accuracy of sensor detection.

[0032] In some embodiments, the battery cell includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode, which are disposed on the housing. The positive electrode and the negative electrode form a current loop with the sensor. Thus, the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the sensor form a current loop, enabling power to be supplied to the sensor via the electrode assembly, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode, thereby reducing the difficulty of powering the sensor.

[0033] In some embodiments, the positive electrode post, the negative electrode post, and the air passage are located on the same wall of the housing, thereby reducing the difficulty of forming a current loop with the sensor through the positive electrode post and the negative electrode post.

[0034] In some embodiments, the housing includes a shell and an end cap. The shell defines an open accommodating cavity, the electrode assembly is disposed within the accommodating cavity, the end cap seals the open accommodating cavity, and the positive electrode column, negative electrode column, and airway are located within the end cap. Thus, the electrode assembly is disposed within the accommodating cavity, providing better protection for the electrode assembly through the shell and end cap. The positive electrode column, negative electrode column, and airway are disposed within the end cap, making it easier to mount and secure them through the end cap, and facilitating external sensor leads.

[0035] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides a battery, which includes the above-mentioned battery cell.

[0036] In order to solve the above problems, the present application provides an electrical device, which includes the above-mentioned battery.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0038] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to one or more embodiments;

[0039] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery according to one or more embodiments;

[0040] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments;

[0041] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a sensor according to one or more embodiments;

[0042] FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a first exploded structure of the sensor shown in FIG4 ;

[0043] FIG6 is a first partial schematic diagram of the sensor shown in FIG4 taken along the AA direction;

[0044] FIG7 is a second partial schematic diagram of the sensor shown in FIG4 taken along the AA direction;

[0045] FIG8 is a third partial schematic diagram of the sensor shown in FIG4 taken along the AA direction;

[0046] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a second exploded structure of the sensor shown in FIG4 ;

[0047] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of an encapsulation layer according to one or more embodiments;

[0048] FIG11 is a schematic structural diagram of an encapsulation layer according to one or more embodiments;

[0049] FIG12 is a schematic top view of a structure in which a sensitive layer is located on a single cover layer according to one or more embodiments;

[0050] FIG13 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments;

[0051] FIG14 is a flow chart illustrating a method for manufacturing a sensor according to one or more embodiments.

[0052] Figure numbers: vehicle 1; battery 2; controller 3; motor 4; housing 20; first part 21; second part 22; battery cell 10; outer shell 100; end cap 110; shell 120; accommodating chamber 121; electrode assembly 200; sensor 300; cover layer 310; protective layer 311; base layer 312; extension portion 313; cover body 314; sensitive layer 320; lead 321; packaging layer 330; insulating layer 331; main body layer 332; inner packaging portion 3321; outer packaging portion 3322; packaging section 3323; airway 333; air guide channel 334; through groove 3341; vent 335; through port 3351; main body 340; opening 341; airway portion 350; first extension section 351; second extension section 352; accommodating space 400; packaging gap 410; positive electrode column 510; negative electrode column 520. [Specific implementation method]

[0053] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0054] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0055] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly specify the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is more than two, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0056] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0057] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "and / or" is simply a description of the association relationship between associated objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent the following three situations: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0058] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to more than two groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0059] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the technical terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the embodiments of the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the embodiments of the present application.

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, technical terms such as "installed," "connected," "connected," and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integration; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; internal connections between two components or interactions between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application based on specific circumstances.

[0061] Currently, market developments indicate that batteries are increasingly being used. They are not only used in energy storage systems such as hydropower, thermal, wind, and solar power plants, but are also widely used in electric vehicles like electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, and electric cars, as well as in military equipment and aerospace. As battery applications continue to expand, market demand is also growing.

[0062] Batteries mentioned in this field can be categorized as either primary batteries or rechargeable batteries, depending on whether they are rechargeable. Primary batteries are also called "disposable" batteries or primary batteries because once they are depleted, they cannot be recharged and must be discarded. Rechargeable batteries are also called secondary batteries, secondary batteries, or storage batteries. Rechargeable batteries are manufactured using different materials and processes than primary batteries. Their advantage is that they can be reused multiple times after charging, and their output current capacity is higher than that of most primary batteries. Common types of rechargeable batteries include lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries. Lithium-ion batteries offer advantages such as light weight, high capacity (1.5 to 2 times that of nickel-metal hydride batteries of the same weight), no memory effect, and a very low self-discharge rate. Consequently, despite their relatively high price, they are widely used. Lithium-ion batteries are also widely used in pure electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles. While the capacity of lithium-ion batteries used for these applications is relatively low, they offer high output, high charging current, and a long service life, albeit at a higher cost.

[0063] The batteries described in the embodiments of this application are either rechargeable batteries or disposable batteries. The embodiments disclosed herein will be described primarily using lithium-ion batteries as an example. It should be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein are applicable to any other suitable type of rechargeable battery. The batteries described in the embodiments disclosed herein can be directly or indirectly used in appropriate devices to power such devices.

[0064] The present application provides an electrical device, which may include but is not limited to mobile phones, tablets, laptops, electric toys, electric tools, battery-powered vehicles, electric cars, ships, spacecraft, and the like. The electric toys may include fixed or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys, and the spacecraft may include airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, and spacecraft. The electrical device may include a battery, which may provide electrical energy to the device to achieve corresponding functions.

[0065] The present application also provides an electric vehicle, which may include a battery.

[0066] Please refer to FIG. 1 , which is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to one or more embodiments.

[0067] Vehicle 1 can be a fuel-powered vehicle, a gas-powered vehicle, or a new energy vehicle. The latter can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an extended-range vehicle. Vehicle 1 is internally provided with a battery 2, which can be located at the bottom, front, or rear of vehicle 1. Battery 2 can be used to power vehicle 1, for example, as an operating power source for vehicle 1. Vehicle 1 also includes a controller 3 and a motor 4. Controller 3 controls battery 2 to power motor 4, for example, to meet the power requirements of vehicle 1 for starting, navigation, and driving.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present application, the battery 2 can serve not only as an operating power source for the vehicle 1 , but also as a driving power source for the vehicle 1 , replacing or partially replacing fuel or natural gas to provide driving power for the vehicle 1 .

[0069] In order to improve the performance of electrical devices, the present application further provides a battery. See FIG2 , which is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of a battery according to one or more embodiments.

[0070] The shape of the battery may include but is not limited to a square, cylindrical, or any other shape.

[0071] In some embodiments, the battery 2 may include a housing 20 and a battery cell 10, with the battery cell 10 being housed within the housing 20. The housing 20 is used to provide a storage space for the battery cell 10, and the housing 20 may adopt a variety of structures. In some embodiments, the housing 20 may include a first portion 21 and a second portion 22, the first portion 21 and the second portion 22 overlapping each other, and the first portion 21 and the second portion 22 jointly define a storage space for accommodating the battery cell 10. The second portion 22 may be a hollow structure with one end open, and the first portion 21 may be a plate-like structure, with the first portion 21 overlapping the open side of the second portion 22, so that the first portion 21 and the second portion 22 jointly define a storage space; the first portion 21 and the second portion 22 may also be hollow structures both with one side open, with the open side of the first portion 21 overlapping the open side of the second portion 22.

[0072] Battery 2 may include multiple battery cells 10, which may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid configuration. A hybrid configuration refers to a combination of series and parallel connections within the battery cells 10. Multiple battery cells 10 may be directly connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid configuration, and then the entire battery cell 10 may be housed within the housing 20. Alternatively, battery 2 may comprise multiple battery cells 10 connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a battery module, which is then further connected in series, in parallel, or in a hybrid configuration to form a single unit housed within the housing 20. Battery 2 may also include other structures, such as a busbar assembly for electrically connecting the multiple battery cells 10.

[0073] The battery cell 10 can be manufactured in two ways: laminated and wound. Laminated batteries have uniform current collection, low internal resistance, and high power. They also require extremely high mold precision, high equipment investment, and a relatively complex process, resulting in low production efficiency. Wound batteries are simple to manufacture, with average equipment precision requirements during the production and assembly processes. They have high production efficiency and low cost. In terms of performance, wound batteries have excellent high and low temperature performance, charge very quickly, have an extremely long lifespan, stable high output voltage, a sturdy structure, and strong shock resistance.

[0074] 3 , which is a schematic diagram of an exploded structure of a battery cell according to one or more embodiments.

[0075] The battery cell 10 is the smallest unit constituting the battery 2. The battery cell 10 may include a housing 100, an electrode assembly 200, and other functional components. The housing 100 includes an end cap 110 and a shell 120.

[0076] The end cap 110 is a component that covers the opening 341 of the housing 120 to isolate the internal environment of the battery cell 10 from the external environment. Without limitation, the shape of the end cap 110 can be adapted to the shape of the housing 120 to match the housing 120. Optionally, the end cap 110 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as an aluminum alloy). This makes the end cap 110 less likely to deform when subjected to compression or collision, giving the battery cell 10 greater structural strength and improved safety. Functional components such as electrode terminals can be provided on the end cap 110. The electrode terminals can be used to electrically connect to the electrode assembly 200 for outputting or inputting electrical energy into or out of the battery cell 10. In some embodiments, the electrode terminals can include poles. The poles can include positive and negative poles for outputting current and connecting to external circuits. In some embodiments, the end cap 110 can also be provided with explosion-proof components for venting internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 10 reaches a threshold. The end cap 110 can be made of a variety of materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, and plastic, and this is not particularly limited in the present embodiment. In some embodiments, an insulating member can be disposed inside the end cap 110 to isolate the electrical connection components within the housing 120 from the end cap 110 to reduce the risk of short circuits. Exemplary materials include plastic, rubber, and the like.

[0077] The shell 120 is a component used to cooperate with the end cap 110 to form the internal environment of the battery cell 10, wherein the formed internal environment can be used to accommodate the electrode assembly 200, electrolyte and other components. The shell 120 and the end cap 110 can be independent components. An opening 341 can be set on the shell 120, and the internal environment of the battery cell 10 is formed by covering the opening 341 with the end cap 110 at the opening 341. Without limitation, the end cap 110 and the shell 120 can also be integrated. Specifically, the end cap 110 and the shell 120 can form a common connection surface before other components are inserted into the shell. When the interior of the shell 120 needs to be encapsulated, the end cap 110 is covered with the shell 120. The shell 120 can be of various shapes and sizes, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, a cylindrical shape, a hexagonal prism, etc. Specifically, the shape of the shell 120 can be determined according to the specific shape and size of the electrode assembly 200. The shell 120 can be made of various materials, such as copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc., and the embodiment of the present application does not impose any special restrictions on this.

[0078] The electrode assembly 200 is a component in the battery cell 10 where electrochemical reactions occur. One or more electrode assemblies 200 may be contained in the housing 120. The electrode assembly 200 is mainly formed by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets, and a separator is usually provided between the positive and negative electrode sheets. The parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets with active materials constitute the main body 340 of the electrode assembly 200, and the parts of the positive and negative electrode sheets without active materials each constitute a tab. The positive and negative electrode tabs may be located together at one end of the main body 340 or respectively at both ends of the main body 340. During the charge and discharge process of the battery, the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material react with the electrolyte, and the tabs connect the electrode terminals to form a current loop.

[0079] In some embodiments, the electrode assembly 200 includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. During the charge and discharge process of the battery cell 10, active ions (e.g., lithium ions) are intercalated and released between the positive and negative electrodes. The separator is positioned between the positive and negative electrodes to prevent short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes while allowing the active ions to pass through.

[0080] In some embodiments, the positive electrode may be a positive electrode sheet, which may include a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the positive electrode current collector.

[0081] As an example, the positive electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the positive electrode active material is provided on either or both of the two facing surfaces of the positive electrode current collector.

[0082] As an example, the positive electrode current collector may be a metal foil or a composite current collector. For example, as the metal foil, aluminum or stainless steel with a silver surface treatment, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel or titanium, etc. may be used. The composite current collector may include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer. The composite current collector may be formed by forming a metal material (aluminum, aluminum alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).

[0083] As an example, the positive electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: lithium-containing phosphates, lithium transition metal oxides, and their respective modified compounds. However, the present application is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as battery positive electrode active materials may also be used. These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Examples of lithium-containing phosphates may include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium iron phosphate, a composite material of lithium iron phosphate and carbon, lithium manganese phosphate, a composite material of lithium manganese phosphate and carbon, lithium iron manganese phosphate, and a composite material of lithium iron manganese phosphate and carbon. Examples of lithium transition metal oxides may include, but are not limited to, at least one of lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt oxide, lithium manganese cobalt oxide, lithium nickel manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide, and their modified compounds.

[0084] In some embodiments, the negative electrode may be a negative electrode sheet, and the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector.

[0085] As an example, the negative electrode current collector can be a metal foil, a metal foam, or a composite current collector. For example, as the metal foil, aluminum or stainless steel with a silver surface treatment, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, nickel, carbon electrode, carbon, nickel, or titanium can be used. The metal foam can be nickel foam, copper foam, aluminum foam, alloy foam, or carbon foam. The composite current collector can include a polymer material base layer and a metal layer. The composite current collector can be formed by forming a metal material (copper, copper alloy, nickel, nickel alloy, titanium, titanium alloy, silver, and silver alloy, etc.) on a polymer material substrate (such as a substrate of polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polystyrene, polyethylene, etc.).

[0086] As an example, the negative electrode sheet may include a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material disposed on at least one surface of the negative electrode current collector.

[0087] As an example, the negative electrode current collector has two surfaces facing each other in its thickness direction, and the negative electrode active material is provided on either or both of the two facing surfaces of the negative electrode current collector.

[0088] As an example, the negative electrode active material may adopt the negative electrode active material for the battery cell 10 that is well known in the art. As an example, the negative electrode active material may include at least one of the following materials: artificial graphite, natural graphite, soft carbon, hard carbon, silicon-based materials, tin-based materials, lithium titanate, etc. The silicon-based material can be selected from at least one of elemental silicon, silicon oxide compounds, silicon-carbon composites, silicon-nitrogen composites, and silicon alloys. The tin-based material can be selected from at least one of elemental tin, tin oxide compounds, and tin alloys. However, the present application is not limited to these materials, and other traditional materials that can be used as battery negative electrode active materials can also be used. These negative electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0089] In some embodiments, the material of the positive electrode current collector may be aluminum, and the material of the negative electrode current collector may be copper.

[0090] In some embodiments, the separator is a separator. The present application has no particular limitation on the type of separator, and any known separator with a porous structure having good chemical and mechanical stability can be selected.

[0091] As an example, the primary material of the separator can be selected from at least one of glass fiber, non-woven fabric, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, and ceramic. The separator can be a single-layer film or a multi-layer composite film, without particular limitation. When the separator is a multi-layer composite film, the materials of each layer can be the same or different, without particular limitation. The separator can be a separate component positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, or it can be attached to the surfaces of the positive and negative electrodes.

[0092] In some embodiments, the separator is a solid electrolyte, which is disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and serves to transport ions and isolate the positive and negative electrodes.

[0093] In some embodiments, the battery cell 10 further includes an electrolyte, which acts as a conductor of ions between the positive and negative electrodes. This application does not specifically limit the type of electrolyte, and the electrolyte may be selected based on needs. The electrolyte may be liquid, gel, or solid.

[0094] The liquid electrolyte includes an electrolyte salt and a solvent.

[0095] In some embodiments, the electrolyte salt may be selected from at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium perchlorate, lithium hexafluoroarsenate, lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium difluorophosphate, lithium difluorooxalatoborate, lithium dioxalatoborate, lithium difluorodioxalatophosphate, and lithium tetrafluorooxalatophosphate.

[0096] In some embodiments, the solvent can be selected from at least one of ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, butylene carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butyrolactone, cyclopentane, dimethyl sulfone, methyl ethyl sulfone and diethyl sulfone. The solvent can also be an ether solvent. Ether solvents can include one or more of ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, 1,3-dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, methyltetrahydrofuran, diphenyl ether and crown ether.

[0097] Among them, the gel electrolyte includes a skeleton network with a polymer as the electrolyte, combined with an ionic liquid-lithium salt.

[0098] Among them, solid electrolytes include polymer solid electrolytes, inorganic solid electrolytes, and composite solid electrolytes.

[0099] As an example, the polymer solid electrolyte may be polyether (polyethylene oxide), polysiloxane, polycarbonate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinylidene fluoride, polymethyl methacrylate, a single ion polymer, polyionic liquid-lithium salt, cellulose, or the like.

[0100] As an example, the inorganic solid electrolyte can be an oxide solid electrolyte (crystalline perovskite, sodium superconducting ion conductor, garnet, amorphous LiPON film), a sulfide solid electrolyte (crystalline lithium superion conductor (lithium germanium phosphosulfide, silver germanium sulfide), amorphous sulfide) and one or more of a halide solid electrolyte, a nitride solid electrolyte and a hydride solid electrolyte.

[0101] As an example, a composite solid electrolyte is formed by adding an inorganic solid electrolyte filler to a polymer solid electrolyte.

[0102] During use, the battery cells 10 can be monitored using sensors to monitor the operating status of the battery. For example, during the charge and discharge process, each battery cell 10 generates a large amount of heat. If the heat generated by the battery cells 10 is not monitored in a timely manner, it will be difficult to provide thermal runaway warnings and / or battery life assessments. For example, a gas sensor can be provided to detect specific gases generated by the battery cells 10. By detecting the content of specific gases, problems can be detected before the battery cells 10 reach a state such as thermal runaway, enabling early warning of thermal runaway and life assessment.

[0103] Based on the above technical foundation, the present application provides a sensor, see Figures 4 and 5, Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of a sensor according to one or more embodiments; Figure 5 is a first decomposition structural schematic diagram of the sensor shown in Figure 4.

[0104] The sensor 300 can be a thin film sensor, etc. Compared with optical fiber sensors and traditional hard sensors, thin film sensors have become a new choice for embedding in battery cells 10 because they do not cause stress concentration and lithium deposition in lithium batteries, are low-cost, and have designable materials. Thin film sensors can be made of metal materials, semiconductor materials, and high molecular polymers to make temperature, pressure, strain and other sensors, and have great potential for application in the narrow space inside the battery cell 10. Their back-end acquisition circuit is simple, low-cost, mature, and convenient to lead, making them an economical and effective embedded sensing solution.

[0105] In some embodiments, sensor 300 may be a thin film pressure sensor. A thin film pressure sensor is thin-film-shaped and can be made of flexible materials, bendable and foldable, and have good flatness. The shape, size, and accuracy of the thin film pressure sensor can be adjusted according to detection requirements. The thin film pressure sensor can detect position information, pressure distribution information, and pressure magnitude information. In some embodiments, due to manufacturing process reasons, the edge of the thin film pressure sensor has a packaging structure, resulting in the effective detection area of ​​the thin film pressure sensor being smaller than the overall area of ​​the thin film pressure sensor. To improve detection effectiveness, the effective detection area of ​​the thin film pressure sensor is limited, for example, to an effective detection area of ​​80% or more of the overall area of ​​the thin film pressure sensor. A thin film pressure sensor is also called a surface-distributed pressure sensor, which is a surface-distributed sensor formed by combining single-point sensors. A surface-distributed pressure sensor can also be called a multi-point detection pressure sensor, in which the number of detection points per unit area (e.g., square centimeters) can be multiple, such as two, three, four, or five.

[0106] In some embodiments, sensor 300 may be a thin-film pressure and temperature sensor. This sensor, based on a thin-film pressure sensor, adds temperature detection. This allows the sensor to detect the internal temperature of the battery cell 10 while also detecting the internal expansion force of the battery cell 10. For example, the thin-film pressure and temperature sensor may have a temperature detection range of 0 to 100 degrees Celsius, with a measurement accuracy of no less than 0.01°C.

[0107] In this embodiment, the sensor 300 includes two cover layers 310 and a sensitive layer 320. The two cover layers 310 are opposite to each other and spaced apart, and the sensitive layer 320 is disposed between the two cover layers 310. The sensitive layer 320 can be composed of a combination of a flexible polymer and a non-metallic or metallic conductive filler. Exemplarily, the sensitive layer 320 includes, but is not limited to, a flexible polymer such as PDMS, TPU, or PI as a base material, and a combination of non-metallic or metallic conductive fillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silver nanowires, or metallic conductive fillers such as gold and silver. As a specific embodiment, the sensitive layer 320 in this case can be a sensitive layer 320 material having good temperature suppression performance, composed of TPU, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphite sheets. It should be noted that the specific ratio of TPU, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphite sheets can be set according to the different shapes of batteries and the range requirements, and will not be repeated here. In this embodiment, the sensitive layer 320 is disposed between the two cover layers 310. When the sensor 300 is squeezed, the contact area between the sensitive layer 320 and the cover layer 310 changes. When the contact area increases, the contact resistance decreases, thereby converting the pressure magnitude.

[0108] The cover layer 310 can cooperate with the sensitive layer 320 to enable the sensor 300 to detect data such as the pressure it is subjected to. At the same time, the cover layer 310 can also provide good protection for the sensitive layer 320.

[0109] The sensor 300 can be located inside the battery cell 10 to detect the pressure changes inside the battery cell 10 through the sensor 300. However, when the sensor 300 is located inside the battery cell 10, there may be a large deviation between the air pressure inside the battery cell 10 and the air pressure inside the sensor 300. The large pressure difference will cause the sensor 300 to expand, and may even cause the sensor 300 to crack and internal components to be misaligned, etc., which will directly affect the detection results of the sensor 300.

[0110] To address this technical problem, the sensor 300 provided herein further includes an encapsulation layer 330. The encapsulation layer 330 is disposed circumferentially around the sensitive layer 320 and connects the two cover layers 310. Together, the encapsulation layer 330 and the two cover layers 310 form a receiving space 400. The sensitive layer 320 is disposed within the receiving space 400, and the encapsulation layer 330 is provided with an air passage 333 connecting the receiving space 400 with the external environment. The encapsulation layer 330 can be insulated from the cover layers 310 and the sensitive layer 320 to reduce its impact on the sensor 300's detection results. The encapsulation layer 330 is positioned between the two cover layers 310, connecting the two cover layers 310. The encapsulation layer 330 can have a certain thickness. When the encapsulation layer 330 connects the two cover layers 310, it can separate the two cover layers 310, thereby forming the receiving space 400 at the gap between the two cover layers 310. Sensitive layer 320 is located within accommodation space 400 and is well protected by encapsulation layer 330 and two cover layers 310. Airway 333 connects to accommodation space 400 and can be used to change the air pressure within sensor 300. For example, sensor 300 can be placed in a specific environment and then have the air pressure adjusted by an external device. This adjustment simultaneously changes the air pressure within sensor 300 through airway 333. In some specific scenarios, the sensor 300 may be located inside the battery cell 10 to detect the working status of the battery cell 10 through the sensor 300. The battery cell 10 will be pre-processed before use, for example, the battery cell 10 is placed in a vacuum environment, and then the battery cell 10 is subjected to air pressure adjustment processing to change the internal air pressure of the battery cell 10. The sensor 300 is located inside the battery cell 10 and can extend to the outside of the battery cell 10 through the air channel 333. When the battery cell 10 is pre-processed, the sensor 300 can also change the air pressure inside the sensor 300 through the air channel 333, thereby minimizing the pressure difference between the internal air pressure of the battery cell 10 and the internal air pressure of the sensor 300.

[0111] Through the above embodiment, the encapsulation layer 330 connects the two layers of cover layers 310 to form a accommodating space 400. The encapsulation layer 330 and the two layers of cover layers 310 can provide better protection for the sensitive layer 320 located in the accommodating space 400, thereby alleviating the risk of damage to the sensitive layer 320. At the same time, the encapsulation layer 330 is provided with an air channel 333, and the accommodating space 400 is connected to the external environment through the air channel 333. The air channel 333 can be used to minimize the pressure difference between the accommodating space 400 and the external environment, thereby alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor 300 due to the large pressure difference between the inside of the sensor 300 and the external environment, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0112] In some embodiments, a packaging gap 410 is formed between the packaging layer 330 and the sensitive layer 320 to connect the air channel 333. The size of the accommodation space 400 can be larger than the size of the sensitive layer 320. For example, the radial dimension of the accommodation space 400 can be larger than the radial dimension of the sensitive layer 320, so that a gap appears between the packaging layer 330 and the sensitive layer 320 in the radial direction of the accommodation space 400, thereby forming the packaging gap 410. The size of the packaging gap 410 can be set according to actual conditions. Therefore, by forming the packaging gap 410 between the packaging layer 330 and the sensitive layer 320, the air channel 333 can be connected to more locations inside the sensor 300 through the packaging gap 410, thereby making it easier to adjust the pressure difference between the interior of the sensor 300 and the external environment through the air channel 333, further alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor 300 due to a large pressure difference, and improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0113] Furthermore, the packaging gap 410 is provided around the sensitive layer 320 along its circumference. At different locations along the circumference of the sensitive layer 320, the distance between the sensitive layer 320 and the packaging layer 330 can be the same, so that the packaging gap 410 forms a regular annular shape. By providing the packaging gap 410 around the sensitive layer 320, when the air pressure inside the sensor 300 is adjusted via the air channel 333, the adjustment amount at each location along the circumference of the sensitive layer 320 can be relatively small, thereby reducing the adverse effects of adjusting the air pressure on the sensor 300. Thus, the packaging gap 410 is provided around the sensitive layer 320 along its circumference, enabling the sensitive layer 320 to be more fully connected to the external environment via the packaging gap 410 and the air channel 333. This makes it easier to adjust the pressure differential between the internal and external environments of the sensor 300 via the air channel 333, further alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor 300 due to a large pressure differential, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0114] In some embodiments, the edges of the two cover layers 310 are connected to each other. This can be achieved by welding, gluing, or other methods to achieve a sealed fit between the edges of the two cover layers 310. This allows the two cover layers 310 to be sealed together while also providing good protection for the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330.

[0115] In some embodiments, the two-layer cover layer 310 includes two protective layers 311 disposed opposite each other, with the edges of the two protective layers 311 connected to each other. The edges of the two protective layers 311 can be connected by welding, gluing, or other methods to achieve a sealed fit. This seal allows the two protective layers 311 to simultaneously provide effective protection for the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330. Furthermore, the sealed connection of the protective layers 311 minimizes any adverse effects of the sealing operation on the sensor 300.

[0116] In some embodiments, each cover layer 310 includes a protective layer 311 and a base layer 312 stacked together, with the base layer 312 being disposed between the sensitive layer 320 and the protective layer 311. The protective layer 311 can be deposited on the surface of the protective layer 311 by vapor deposition. The protective layer 311 can be made of an anti-corrosion material. The protective layer 311 can be used to resist corrosion from the main electrolyte inside the lithium battery. For example, the protective layer 311 can be made of a material with good corrosion resistance, such as chromium, nickel, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, tantalum, tungsten, iridium, platinum, Hastelloy nickel-based alloy, Teflon, acrylic, polypropylene, or fluororubber titanium. The base layer 312 can include interdigitated electrodes, which are disposed between the sensitive layer 320 and the protective layer 311. When the sensor 300 is squeezed, the contact area between the sensitive layer 320 and the base layer 312 changes. When the contact area increases, the contact resistance decreases, thereby converting the pressure magnitude. The shape of the base layer 312 includes but is not limited to a rectangle, a circle, etc. The base layer 312 may include a base and an electrode. The base thickness may be 10-30 μm; and / or, the electrode includes a copper layer with a thickness of 10-15 μm arranged on the base; and / or, a gold layer with a thickness of 80-120 nm arranged on the surface of the copper layer.

[0117] 6 , which is a first partial schematic diagram of the sensor 300 shown in FIG. 4 cut along the AA direction.

[0118] The encapsulation layer 330 connects the protective layers 311 of the two cover layers 310 to form a receiving space 400 with the protective layers 311. The base layer 312 is located within the receiving space 400. The encapsulation layer 330 connects the protective layers 311 of the two cover layers 310 to form the receiving space 400. This effectively mitigates pressure differences between the sensitive layer 320 and the base layer 312, and between the base layer 312 and the protective layer 311, through the air passage 333 and the receiving space 400. Furthermore, the connection of the encapsulation layer 330 to the protective layers 311 of the two cover layers 310 reduces the impact of the encapsulation layer 330 on the base layer 312, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0119] Referring to FIG. 7 , FIG. 7 is a second partial schematic diagram of the sensor 300 shown in FIG. 4 cut along the AA direction.

[0120] The encapsulation layer 330 connects the base layers 312 of the two cover layers 310 to enclose a receiving space 400. The encapsulation layer 330 connects the two base layers 312 to form the receiving space 400. This effectively mitigates the pressure differential between the sensitive layer 320 and the base layer 312 and the external environment through the air passage 333 and the receiving space 400, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0121] Referring to FIG. 8 , FIG. 8 is a third partial schematic diagram of the sensor 300 shown in FIG. 4 cut along the AA direction.

[0122] There are two sensitive layers 320, stacked one on top of the other and positioned between the two cover layers 310. The two sensitive layers 320 are positioned on the surface of their respective cover layers 310. The two sensitive layers 320 can be spaced apart or positioned adjacent to each other. This two-layer structure reduces the thickness of a single sensitive layer 320, easing the difficulty of molding the sensitive layers 320 and improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0123] 9 and 10 , FIG. 9 is a second exploded structural diagram of the sensor 300 shown in FIG. 4 , and FIG. 10 is an exploded structural diagram of the encapsulation layer 330 according to one or more embodiments.

[0124] The encapsulation layer 330 is provided with an air channel 334 and at least one vent 335. The air channel 334 extends along the extension direction of the encapsulation layer 330 and communicates with the air channel 333. The at least one vent 335 connects the air channel 334 with the accommodation space 400. The encapsulation layer 330 is disposed circumferentially around the sensitive layer 320. The extension direction of the encapsulation layer 330 can be understood as the circumferential direction of the encapsulation layer 330. When the air channel 334 extends along the extension direction of the encapsulation layer 330, the air channel 334 can also be disposed circumferentially around the sensitive layer 320. The number of vents 335 can be set according to actual conditions. For example, there can be multiple vents 335, which can be spaced apart along the circumference of the sensitive layer 320. The vents 335 can extend radially along the sensitive layer 320 so that the vents 335 connect the air channel 334 with the accommodation space 400. Therefore, by opening an air guide channel 334 and an air vent 335 on the packaging layer 330, and further connecting the accommodating space 400 and the air channel 333 through the air guide channel 334 and the air vent 335, the air channel 333 can be connected to more positions inside the sensor 300 without opening other gaps, thereby making it easier to adjust the pressure difference between the inside of the sensor 300 and the external environment through the air channel 333, further alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor 300 due to the large pressure difference, and improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0125] Furthermore, the at least one vent hole 335 is provided in a plurality, and the plurality of vent holes 335 are spaced apart along the extension direction. Thus, by providing a plurality of vent holes 335, and by spacing the plurality of vent holes 335 along the extension direction, the sensitive layer 320 can be more fully connected to the airway 333 through the plurality of vent holes 335 and the air guide channel 334. This makes it easier to adjust the pressure difference between the interior of the sensor 300 and the external environment through the airway 333, further alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor 300 due to a large pressure difference, and improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0126] In some embodiments, the encapsulation layer 330 includes a main body layer 332 and two insulating layers 331. The main body layer 332 is sandwiched between the two insulating layers 331. The main body layer 332 and the two insulating layers 331 are respectively arranged around the sensitive layer 320 along the circumference of the sensitive layer 320. The main body layer 332 can be used to form an air channel 334, an air channel 333, and a vent 335. The two insulating layers 331 can be made of an insulating material. The main body layer 332 is sandwiched between the two insulating layers 331, so that the main body layer 332 is connected to the two cover layers 310 through the two insulating layers 331, thereby alleviating the impact of the encapsulation layer 330 on the sensing performance of the entire sensor 300.

[0127] Furthermore, the main body layer 332 is bonded and fixed to the two cover layers 310 via the two insulating layers 331. The insulating layers 331 may be adhesive, with both surfaces of the insulating layers 331 facing the main body layer 332 and facing away from the main body layer 332 being adhesive, so that the main body layer 332 can be bonded and fixed to the two insulating layers 331, and the main body layer 332 can be bonded and fixed to the two cover layers 310 via the two insulating layers 331. Thus, by bonding the main body layer 332 to the two cover layers 310 via the two insulating layers 331, it is easy to connect the main body layer 332 to the two cover layers 310 to form the accommodation space 400.

[0128] In some embodiments, the air guide channel 334 and the vent hole 335 are provided in the main body layer 332. The air guide channel 334 and the vent hole 335 are both provided in the main body layer 332. By sandwiching the main body layer 332 between the two insulating layers 331, it is easy to connect the main body layer 332 to the two cover layers 310 through the two insulating layers 331 to form the accommodation space 400 without affecting the air guide channel 334 and the vent hole 335.

[0129] Optionally, the main body layer 332 and at least one of the two insulating layers 331 together form an air guide channel 334 and a vent hole 335 . The main body layer 332 can form part of the structure of the air guide channel 334 and the air guide hole. When the main body layer 332 is sandwiched between the two insulating layers 331, the main body layer 332 can cooperate with one insulating layer 331 to form the air guide channel 334, and cooperate with the other insulating layer 331 to form the air vent 335; or the main body layer 332 cooperates with the two insulating layers 331 to form the air guide channel 334, and cooperates with the one insulating layer 331 to form the air vent 335; or the main body layer 332 cooperates with the one insulating layer 331 to form the air guide channel 334, and cooperates with the two insulating layers 331 to form the air vent 335; or the main body layer 332 cooperates with the one insulating layer 331 to form the air guide channel 334, and cooperates with the two insulating layers 331 to form the air vent 335; or the main body layer 332 cooperates with the one insulating layer 331 to form the air guide channel 334 and the air vent 335; or the main body layer 332 cooperates with the two insulating layers 331 to form the air guide channel 334 and the air vent 335. Thus, the main body layer 332 is sandwiched between the two insulating layers 331, and it is easy to connect the main body layer 332 to the two cover layers 310 through the two insulating layers 331 to form a accommodating space 400. At the same time, the main body layer 332 and at least one of the two insulating layers 331 jointly form an air guide channel 334 and an air vent 335, which can reduce the difficulty of forming the air guide channel 334 and the air vent 335 and improve production efficiency.

[0130] Furthermore, the main layer 332 is provided with a through-groove 3341 extending along its extension direction and at least one through-opening 3351 communicating with the through-groove 3341. The at least one through-opening 3351 is provided on the side of the main layer 332 facing the accommodating space 400. The through-groove 3341 extends through opposite sides of the main layer 332 in the direction of arrangement of the two insulating layers 331. The two insulating layers 331 cover the through-groove 3341 and the through-opening 3351, thereby correspondingly forming the air guide channel 334 and the air vent 335. The through-groove 3341 extends through opposite sides of the main layer 332 in the direction of arrangement of the two insulating layers 331. When the main layer 332 is sandwiched between the two insulating layers 331, the two insulating layers 331 can block the two opposite notches of the through-groove 3341, thereby cooperating with the two insulating layers 331 to form the air guide channel 334. The opening 3351 can be in the form of a hole, i.e., the opening 3351 can be formed solely by the main layer 332, or the opening 3351 can be in the form of a groove, where the opening 3351 passes through opposite sides of the main layer 332 in the arrangement direction of the two insulating layers 331. When the main layer 332 is sandwiched between the two insulating layers 331, the two opposite grooves of the opening 3351 can be blocked by the two insulating layers 331, thereby forming the vent 335 in conjunction with the two insulating layers 331. Thus, by providing the through groove 3341 and the opening 3351 in the main layer 332 and covering the through groove 3341 and the opening 3351 with the two insulating layers 331 to form the air channel 334 and the vent 335, the difficulty of forming the air channel 334 and the vent 335 can be reduced, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0131] Furthermore, the main body layer 332 includes an inner packaging portion 3321 and an outer packaging portion 3322. The inner packaging portion 3321 is disposed circumferentially around the sensitive layer 320, while the outer packaging portion 3322 is disposed circumferentially around the inner packaging portion 3321. The inner and outer packaging portions 3321 and 3322 are spaced apart to form a through-channel 3341. The radial dimension of the outer packaging portion 3322 can be larger than that of the inner packaging portion 3321, so that the outer packaging portion 3322 can be positioned over the outer circumference of the inner packaging portion 3321. The spacing between the outer and inner packaging portions 3322 and 3321 can be adjusted based on actual conditions; a larger spacing results in a larger size of the resulting air guide channel 334. The inner packaging portion 3321 includes at least two packaging segments 3323 spaced apart circumferentially around the sensitive layer 320, with a through-channel 3351 formed between each pair of adjacent packaging segments 3323. The inner packaging portion 3321 and the outer packaging portion 3322 are sandwiched between two insulating layers 331, so that the insulating layers 331 keep the inner packaging portion 3321 and the outer packaging portion 3322 relatively fixed. Furthermore, the two insulating layers 331 can block the opening 3351 and the notch of the through-slot 3341, thereby allowing the main body 332 to cooperate with the two insulating layers 331 to form the vent 335. Thus, the inner packaging portion 3321 and the outer packaging portion 3322 enclose the through-slot 3341, which reduces the difficulty of molding the through-slot 3341. Furthermore, the spacing of two adjacent, spaced packaging segments 3323 to form the through-opening 3351 reduces the difficulty of molding the through-opening 3351, thereby reducing the difficulty of molding the air guide channel 334 and the vent 335, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0132] Referring to FIG. 11 , FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of an encapsulation layer 330 according to one or more embodiments.

[0133] The encapsulation layer 330 includes a main body portion 340 and an airway portion 350. The main body portion 340 is disposed around the sensitive layer 320 along its circumference to enclose the accommodation space 400. The airway portion 350 is connected to the main body portion 340 and extends away from the accommodation space 400. The airway 333 passes through the airway portion 350 to connect to the accommodation space 400. The main body portion 340 can be annular, so that the main body portion 340 is disposed around the sensitive layer 320 along its circumference to enclose the accommodation space 400. The extension length of the airway portion 350 can be set according to actual conditions. The airway 333 is located in the airway portion 350 and can extend along the extension direction of the airway portion 350. In this way, it is convenient to form the accommodating space 400 through the main body 340 and the two layers of cover layer 310, and to form the airway 333 through the airway part 350. At the same time, the airway part 350 extends in a direction away from the accommodating space 400, making it easier to connect the accommodating space 400 and the external environment through the airway 333.

[0134] Furthermore, the main body 340 is in the shape of a semi-closed ring with an opening 341. The airway portion 350 includes a first extension 351 and a second extension 352. The first extension 351 and the second extension 352 connect the main body 340 at either end of the opening 341. The first and second extensions 351 and 352 extend away from the accommodating space 400 and are spaced apart side by side to form the airway 333. The size of the opening 341 in the main body 340 can be adjusted according to actual needs. The main body 340 is arranged in an open loop, so that the airway 333 can connect to the accommodating space 400 through the opening 341. The first and second extensions 351 and 352 connect at either end of the opening 341. The distance between the first and second extensions 351 and 352 can be adjusted according to actual needs. A larger distance between the first and second extensions 351 and 352 results in a larger airway 333, which also provides more space for the sensor 300. Thus, the main body 340 is in a semi-closed ring shape with an opening 341, which facilitates the air duct 333 to connect to the accommodating space 400 through the opening 341 of the main body 340, and the first extension portion 313 and the second extension portion 313 extend in a direction away from the accommodating space 400 to form the air duct 333, which can reduce the difficulty of forming the air duct 333 and improve production efficiency.

[0135] 12 , which is a schematic top view of a structure in which a sensitive layer 320 is located on a single-layer cover layer 310 according to one or more embodiments.

[0136] Each cover layer 310 includes a cover body 314 and an extension 313. The main body 340 is sandwiched between the cover bodies 314 of the two cover layers 310, and the airway portion 350 is sandwiched between the extensions 313 of the two cover layers 310. The sensitive layer 320 has leads 321, which are fixed to the cover body 314 and further extended out of the two cover layers 310 through the extensions 313. The radial dimension of the main body 340 can be smaller than or equal to the radial dimension of the cover body 314, and the radial dimension of the airway portion 350 can be smaller than or equal to the radial dimension of the extension 313. This facilitates the sandwiching of the main body 340 and the airway portion 350 between the cover bodies 314 and the extensions 313 of the two cover layers 310. The sensor 300 can be powered by a power source via the leads 321, and the sensor 300 can receive or transmit signals via the leads 321. Leads 321 can be led out along the edge of the sensitive layer 320 and extend along the edge of the sensitive layer 320 to be led out of the two cover layers 310 through the cover layer body 314 and the extension portion 313. Thus, the main body 340 is sandwiched between the cover layer bodies 314 of the two cover layers 310, and the airway portion 350 is sandwiched between the extension portions 313 of the two cover layers 310. This allows for a better fit between the two cover layers 310 and the encapsulation layer 330, making it easier to form a receiving space 400 between the two cover layers 310 and the encapsulation layer 330, thereby providing better protection for the sensitive layer 320. At the same time, leads 321 of the sensitive layer 320 are fixed to the cover layer body 314 and further led out of the two cover layers 310 through the extension portion 313. This allows the leads 321 to be fixed while extending outside the two cover layers 310, thereby facilitating electrical connection of the sensor 300 to an external circuit via the leads 321.

[0137] The present application also provides a battery cell 10 , referring to FIG13 , which is a schematic structural diagram of the battery cell 10 according to one or more embodiments.

[0138] The battery cell 10 may include the sensor 300 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments. During the use of the battery cell 10, the working status of the battery cell 10 can be monitored by the sensor 300. For example, during the charging and discharging process of the battery cell 10, each battery cell 10 will generate a large amount of heat. The sensor 300 can be used to detect changes in the working status of the battery cell 10, such as timely monitoring the heat generated by the battery cell 10 to achieve battery thermal runaway warning and / or battery life evaluation.

[0139] In some embodiments, the battery cell 10 includes a housing 100 and an electrode assembly 200. The electrode assembly 200 and the sensor 300 are disposed inside the housing 100 and communicate with the exterior of the housing 100 via an air passage 333. Only the detection portion of the sensor 300 may be disposed inside the housing 100. The leads 321 of the sensor 300 and the air passage 333 may extend from the interior of the battery cell 10 to the exterior of the battery cell 10, thereby facilitating adjustment of the internal air pressure of the sensor 300 via the air passage 333 and facilitating powering the sensor 300. Therefore, the electrode assembly 200 is set inside the shell 100, which can provide better protection for the electrode assembly 200. The sensor 300 is set inside the shell 100, which facilitates the rapid and accurate detection of the working status of the battery cell 10 through the sensor 300, and the sensor 300 is connected to the outside of the shell 100 through the air channel 333, which facilitates the reduction of the pressure difference between the accommodating space 400 and the external environment through the air channel 333, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0140] Furthermore, the main body 340 is located inside the housing 100, and the airway portion 350 penetrates the housing 100, so that the airway 333 communicates with the exterior of the housing 100. The main body 340 of the encapsulation layer 330 cooperates with the cover layer 310 to form a receiving space 400. The sensitive layer 320 of the sensor 300 is located within the receiving space 400. When the main body 340 is located inside the housing 100, the sensitive layer 320 of the sensor 300 is also located at a corresponding position inside the housing 100, thereby facilitating the sensor 300 to quickly and accurately detect the operating status of the battery cell 10. The housing 100 may be provided with a through hole connecting the interior of the housing 100 with the exterior of the housing 100. The airway 333 may extend from the interior of the housing 100 and penetrate the through hole to communicate with the exterior of the housing 100. Alternatively, an adapter such as a circuit board can be embedded in the housing 100, with both sides of the adapter exposed to the outside and inside of the housing 100, respectively. A through hole connecting the inside and outside of the housing 100 can then be provided in the adapter. The air duct 333 can extend from the inside of the housing 100 and pass through the through hole in the adapter, thereby connecting the air duct 333 with the outside of the housing 100. This facilitates the main body 340 to cooperate with the two cover layers 310 to form the accommodating space 400, and the air duct portion 350 to form the air duct 333. Furthermore, the air duct portion 350 extends in a direction away from the accommodating space 400, making it easier to connect the accommodating space 400 with the external environment through the air duct 333. The main body 340 is located inside the shell 100, and the airway portion 350 passes through the shell 100 to the outside of the shell 100. The working status of the battery cell 10 can be quickly and accurately detected through the main body 340. The airway portion 350 can minimize the pressure difference between the accommodating space 400 and the external environment, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0141] Optionally, the battery cell 10 includes a positive electrode column 510 and a negative electrode column 520, which are disposed in the housing 100. The positive electrode column 510 and the negative electrode column 520 form a current loop with the sensor 300. The sides of the positive electrode column 510 and the negative electrode column 520 facing the interior of the housing 100 can be electrically connected to the electrode assembly 200, while the sides of the positive electrode column 510 and the negative electrode column 520 facing away from the interior of the housing 100 can be used to electrically connect the battery cell 10 to an external circuit, thereby serving as a charging and discharging interface for the battery cell 10. The positive electrode column 510 and the negative electrode column 520 can be spaced apart, and the sensor 300 can be electrically connected to both the positive electrode column 510 and the negative electrode column 520, so that the positive electrode column 510 and the negative electrode column 520 form a current loop with the sensor 300. Thus, the positive electrode column 510 , the negative electrode column 520 and the sensor 300 form a current loop, and the sensor 300 can be powered through the electrode assembly 200 , the positive electrode column 510 and the negative electrode column 520 , thereby reducing the difficulty of powering the sensor 300 .

[0142] Furthermore, the positive electrode post 510, the negative electrode post 520, and the air passage 333 are located on the same wall of the housing 100. For example, when the housing 100 is a polyhedron, each face is a wall of the housing 100. In this embodiment, the positive electrode post 510, the negative electrode post 520, and the air passage 333 are located on the same wall of the housing 100, which can reduce the difficulty of forming a current loop with the sensor 300 through the positive electrode post 510 and the negative electrode post 520. In some other embodiments, the positive electrode column 510, the negative electrode column 520 and the air duct 333 may be located on different walls of the outer shell 100. For example, when the outer shell 100 is a polyhedron, each surface is a wall of the outer shell 100. For example, when the outer shell 100 is a rectangular parallelepiped, the top surface of the rectangular parallelepiped is a wall, and the two side surfaces connected to the top surface and opposite to each other are the other two walls. The positive electrode column 510 and the negative electrode column 520 may be located on two opposite side surfaces respectively, and the air duct 333 is located on the top surface of the outer shell 100.

[0143] Furthermore, the outer shell 100 includes a shell 120 and an end cap 110. The shell 120 defines an open accommodating cavity 121. The electrode assembly 200 is disposed within the accommodating cavity 121. The end cap 110 seals the open accommodating cavity 121. The positive electrode column 510, the negative electrode column 520, and the air passage 333 are located within the end cap 110. The shell 120 can be hollow and have an opening 341. The shell 120 can be used to accommodate objects such as the electrode assembly 200 and electrolyte. The end cap 110 seals the open accommodating cavity 120 to isolate the internal environment of the shell 120 from the external environment. The end cap 110 can be made of a material with a certain hardness and strength (such as an aluminum alloy) so that the end cap 110 is not easily deformed when subjected to compression or collision, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery cell 10. The end cap 110 can also be provided with an explosion-proof component for releasing internal pressure when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 10 reaches a threshold. The end cap 110 and the housing 120 may also be made of a variety of materials. For example, the materials of the end cap 110 and the housing 120 include, but are not limited to, copper, iron, aluminum, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, plastic, etc. Thus, the electrode assembly 200 is disposed within the accommodating cavity 121, and the housing 120 and the end cap 110 can provide better protection for the electrode assembly 200. The positive electrode column 510, the negative electrode column 520, and the air channel 333 are disposed on the end cap 110, which facilitates the installation and fixation of the positive electrode column 510, the negative electrode column 520, and the air channel 333 through the end cap 110, and facilitates the external connection of the sensor 300 to the lead 321.

[0144] 14 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing the sensor 300 according to one or more embodiments. Specifically, the method for manufacturing the sensor 300 includes the following steps S1401 to S1402.

[0145] Step S1401: providing two cover layers 310 .

[0146] Each cap layer 310 may include a stacked protective layer 311 and a base layer 312, with base layer 312 disposed between sensitive layer 320 and protective layer 311. Protective layer 311 may be deposited on the surface of base layer 312 by vapor deposition and may be made of a corrosion-resistant material. Protective layer 311 can be used to resist corrosion from the electrolyte present in lithium batteries. For example, protective layer 311 may be made of a material with good corrosion resistance, such as chromium, nickel, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, tantalum, tungsten, iridium, platinum, Hastelloy nickel-based alloy, Teflon, acrylic, polypropylene, or fluororubber titanium. Base layer 312 may include interdigitated electrodes, with shapes including, but not limited to, rectangular and circular. The interdigitated electrodes may include a base and electrodes. The base may be 10-30 μm thick; and / or the electrodes may include a 10-15 μm thick copper layer disposed on the base; and / or a 80-120 nm thick gold layer disposed on the surface of the copper layer.

[0147] Step S1402: The sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330 are arranged between the two cover layers 310 so that the encapsulation layer 330 connects the two cover layers 310. The encapsulation layer 330 is arranged around the circumference of the sensitive layer 320. The encapsulation layer 330 and the two cover layers 310 together form a receiving space 400. The sensitive layer 320 is arranged in the receiving space 400. The encapsulation layer 330 is provided with an air duct 333 connecting the receiving space 400 with the external environment.

[0148] The sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330 can be arranged between the two cover layers 310 by bonding, coating, etc., so that the encapsulation layer 330 connects the two cover layers 310 to form a accommodating space 400. The encapsulation layer 330 and the two cover layers 310 can better protect the sensitive layer 320 located in the accommodating space 400, thereby alleviating the risk of damage to the sensitive layer 320. At the same time, the encapsulation layer 330 is provided with an air channel 333, and the accommodating space 400 is connected to the external environment through the air channel 333. The air channel 333 can be used to minimize the pressure difference between the accommodating space 400 and the external environment, thereby alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor 300 due to the large pressure difference between the inside of the sensor 300 and the external environment, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0149] Furthermore, the step of disposing the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330 between the two cover layers 310 includes applying a slurry corresponding to the sensitive layer 320 between the two cover layers 310 and bonding the encapsulation layer 330 between the two cover layers 310. Specifically, a flexible polymer and a conductive filler can be first formulated into a slurry corresponding to the sensitive layer 320, and then the slurry corresponding to the sensitive layer 320 can be applied between the two cover layers 310 using methods such as screen printing or doctor blade coating. The sensitive layer 320 may include, but is not limited to, a flexible polymer substrate such as PDMS, TPU, or PI, and a combination of non-metallic materials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silver nanowires, or metallic conductive fillers such as gold and silver. In this embodiment, the sensitive layer 320 can be composed of TPU, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphite sheets to obtain a temperature-suppressed sensitive layer 320 material. The specific ratio can be set according to the different battery shapes and range requirements, and is not listed here. The encapsulation layer 330 may be adhesive so that the encapsulation layer 330 can be directly bonded between the two cover layers 310. For example, the encapsulation layer 330 may include a main body layer 332 and two insulating layers 331, the main body layer 332 is sandwiched between the two insulating layers 331, and the main body layer 332 and the two insulating layers 331 are respectively arranged around the sensitive layer 320 along the circumference of the sensitive layer 320. The two insulating layers 331 can be made of insulating material, and the main layer 332 is sandwiched between the two insulating layers 331, so that the main layer 332 can be connected to the two cover layers 310 through the two insulating layers 331 to alleviate the impact of the packaging layer 330 on the sensing performance of the entire sensor 300. The insulating layer 331 can be sticky, and the insulating layer 331 can be sticky on both sides of the surface facing the main layer 332 and away from the main layer 332, so that the main layer 332 can be bonded and fixed to the two insulating layers 331, and the main layer 332 can be bonded and fixed to the two cover layers 310 through the two insulating layers 331.

[0150] In some embodiments, the step of disposing the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330 between the two cover layers 310 includes: disposing the sensitive layer 320 on one of the two cover layers 310; disposing the other of the cover layers 310 on the sensitive layer 320 so that the sensitive layer 320 is located between the two cover layers 310; and disposing the encapsulation layer 330 between the two cover layers 310. The sensitive layer 320 can be disposed on one of the two cover layers 310 by bonding, coating, or the like. For example, a flexible polymer and a conductive filler can be first prepared into a slurry corresponding to the sensitive layer 320, and then the slurry corresponding to the sensitive layer 320 can be coated on one of the two cover layers 310 by screen printing, doctor blade coating, or the like. Therefore, the sensitive layer 320 is first set on one of the two cover layers 310, and then the other cover layer 310 is covered on the sensitive layer 320, which can make the sensitive layer 320 and the two cover layers 310 fit more closely, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300. Finally, the encapsulation layer 330 is encapsulated between the two cover layers 310, which can reduce the difficulty of forming the sensor 300.

[0151] In some embodiments, the step of disposing the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330 between the two cover layers 310 includes: disposing the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330 on one of the two cover layers 310; and disposing the other of the cover layers 310 on the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330, so that the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330 are located between the two cover layers 310. Thus, disposing the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330 on one of the two cover layers 310 first can facilitate the formation of the accommodation space 400 and the location of the sensitive layer 320 within the accommodation space 400, and then disposing the other of the cover layers 310 on the sensitive layer 320 and the encapsulation layer 330, thereby reducing the difficulty of forming the sensor 300.

[0152] To sum up, the packaging layer 330 of the sensor 300 connects the two layers of cover layers 310 to form a accommodating space 400. The packaging layer 330 and the two layers of cover layers 310 can provide better protection for the sensitive layer 320 located in the accommodating space 400, thereby alleviating the risk of damage to the sensitive layer 320. At the same time, the packaging layer 330 is provided with an air channel 333, and the accommodating space 400 is connected to the external environment through the air channel 333. The air channel 333 can be used to minimize the pressure difference between the accommodating space 400 and the external environment, thereby alleviating the problem of inaccurate detection results of the sensor 300 due to the large pressure difference between the inside of the sensor 300 and the external environment, thereby improving the detection accuracy of the sensor 300.

[0153] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A sensor, characterized in that: The sensor comprises: Two cover layers, the two cover layers are opposite to each other and spaced apart; A sensitive layer, disposed between the two cover layers; A packaging layer is disposed around the circumference of the sensitive layer and connects the two cover layers, wherein the packaging layer and the two cover layers together form a containing space; Wherein, the sensitive layer is arranged in the containing space, and the encapsulation layer is provided with an air passage connecting the containing space with the external environment.

2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that A packaging gap communicating with the air channel is formed between the packaging layer and the sensitive layer.

3. The sensor according to claim 2, characterized in that The packaging gap is arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference of the sensitive layer.

4. The sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The packaging layer is provided with an air guide channel and at least one vent hole, the air guide channel is extended along the extension direction of the packaging layer, the air guide channel is communicated with the airway, and the at least one vent hole communicates the air guide channel with the accommodating space.

5. The sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that The at least one vent hole is plural in number, and the vent holes are spaced apart along the extending direction.

6. The sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that The packaging layer includes a main body layer and two insulating layers, the main body layer is sandwiched between the two insulating layers, and the main body layer and the two insulating layers are respectively arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference of the sensitive layer; the air guide channel and the vent hole are arranged in the main body layer.

7. The sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that The packaging layer includes a main body layer and two insulating layers, the main body layer is sandwiched between the two insulating layers, and the main body layer and the two insulating layers are respectively arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference of the sensitive layer, and the main body layer and at least one of the two insulating layers jointly form the air guide channel and the vent.

8. The sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that The main layer is provided with a through groove extending along the extension direction and at least one opening connected to the through groove, and the at least one opening is provided on the side of the main layer facing the accommodating space; the through groove passes through the opposite sides of the main layer in the arrangement direction of the two insulating layers; the two insulating layers cover the through groove and the opening to form the air guide channel and the vent hole accordingly.

9. The sensor according to claim 8, characterized in that The main body layer comprises an inner packaging part and an outer packaging part, wherein the inner packaging part is arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference of the sensitive layer, and the outer packaging part is arranged around the inner packaging part along the circumference of the sensitive layer, and the inner packaging part and the outer packaging part are arranged at intervals to enclose the through groove; The inner packaging portion includes at least two packaging segments spaced apart along the circumference of the sensitive layer, and a through opening is formed between every two adjacent packaging segments.

10. The sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that The main body layer is bonded and fixed to the two cover layers respectively through the two insulating layers.

11. The sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The packaging layer includes a main body portion and an airway portion, wherein the main body portion is arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference of the sensitive layer to enclose the accommodating space; the airway portion is connected to the main body portion and extends in a direction away from the accommodating space; the airway passes through the airway portion to be connected to the accommodating space.

12. The sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that The main body is in the shape of a semi-closed ring with an opening, and the airway portion includes a first extension segment and a second extension segment, the first extension segment and the second extension segment are respectively connected to the main body to form two ends of the opening, and extend in a direction away from the accommodating space and are arranged side by side at intervals to form the airway.

13. The sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that Each layer of the cover layer includes a cover layer body and an extension part, the body part is sandwiched between the cover layer bodies of the two cover layers, the airway part is sandwiched between the extension parts of the two cover layers, and the sensitive layer has a lead wire, which is fixed to the cover layer body and further led out of the two cover layers through the extension part.

14. The sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Each cover layer includes a protective layer and a base layer which are stacked, and the base layer is arranged between the sensitive layer and the protective layer; the encapsulation layer connects the base layers of the two cover layers to enclose the accommodation space with the base layer.

15. The sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The two cover layers include a protective layer and a base layer which are stacked, and the base layer is arranged between the sensitive layer and the protective layer; the encapsulation layer connects the protective layers of the two cover layers to enclose the accommodation space with the protective layers; The base layer is located in the accommodation space.

16. The sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The number of the sensitive layers is two, and the two sensitive layers are stacked on each other and located between the two cover layers.

17. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that The edges of the two cover layers are connected to each other.

18. The sensor according to claim 17, characterized in that The two cover layers include two protective layers arranged opposite to each other, and the edges of the two protective layers are connected to each other.

19. A method for manufacturing a sensor according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that: The manufacturing method comprises: providing the two cover layers; The sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer are arranged between the two cover layers so that the encapsulation layer connects the two cover layers. The encapsulation layer is arranged around the circumference of the sensitive layer. The encapsulation layer and the two cover layers jointly form a containing space. The sensitive layer is arranged in the containing space, and the encapsulation layer is provided with an air passage connecting the containing space with the external environment.

20. The method for manufacturing a sensor according to claim 19, characterized in that: The step of arranging the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers comprises: Disposing the sensitive layer on one of the two cover layers; Covering the other of the cover layers on the sensitive layer so that the sensitive layer is located between the two cover layers; The encapsulation layer is disposed between the two cover layers.

21. The method for manufacturing a sensor according to claim 19, characterized in that: The step of arranging the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers comprises: Disposing the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer on one of the two cover layers; The other of the cover layers is covered on the sensitive layer and the packaging layer, so that the sensitive layer and the packaging layer are located between the two cover layers.

22. The method for manufacturing a sensor according to claim 19, characterized in that: The step of arranging the sensitive layer and the encapsulation layer between the two cover layers comprises: Applying the slurry corresponding to the sensitive layer between the two cover layers; The encapsulation layer is bonded between the two cover layers.

23. A battery cell, characterized in that: The battery cell comprises the sensor according to any one of claims 1-18.

24. The battery cell according to claim 23, characterized in that: The battery cell includes a housing and an electrode assembly. The electrode assembly and the sensor are arranged inside the housing and communicate with the outside of the housing through the air passage.

25. The battery cell according to claim 24, characterized in that: The packaging layer includes a main body portion and an airway portion, the main body portion is arranged around the sensitive layer along the circumference of the sensitive layer to enclose the accommodating space; the airway portion is connected to the main body portion and extends in a direction away from the accommodating space; the airway passes through the airway portion to be connected to the accommodating space, the main body portion is located inside the outer shell, and the airway portion passes through the outer shell to enable the airway to be connected to the outside of the outer shell.

26. The battery cell according to claim 24, characterized in that: The battery cell comprises a positive electrode column and a negative electrode column, wherein the positive electrode column and the negative electrode column are arranged on the housing, and the positive electrode column and the negative electrode column form a current loop with the sensor.

27. The battery cell according to claim 26, characterized in that: The positive pole, the negative pole and the air channel are located on the same wall surface of the shell.

28. The battery cell according to claim 27, characterized in that: The shell includes a shell and an end cover, the shell is provided with a receiving cavity with an opening, the electrode assembly is arranged in the receiving cavity, the end cover closes the opening, and the positive electrode column, the negative electrode column and the air channel are located on the end cover.

29. A battery, characterized in that: The battery comprises the battery cell according to any one of claims 23-28.

30. An electrical device, characterized in that: The electrical device comprises the battery according to claim 29.

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