Antenna unit, antenna device, and communication base station

Abstract

An antenna unit, an antenna device, and a communication base station, relating to the technical field of communications, and aiming at improving conformality between an antenna and an outer shell. The antenna unit is arranged in a cylindrical shell, and at least one sidewall of the cylindrical shell is arc-shaped. The antenna unit comprises a coaxial conductor, a feed structure, and two radiation substrates, wherein the coaxial conductor comprises an inner conductor and an outer conductor sleeved outside the inner conductor; the inner conductor is connected to one end of the feed structure, the other end of the feed structure is coupled to one of the two radiation substrates, and the other of the two radiation substrates is connected to the outer conductor; the antenna unit comprises at least one bending portion, so as to be conformal with the cylindrical shell by means of the bending portion.

Description

Antenna unit, antenna device, and communication base station

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on July 27, 2023, with application number 202310937026.8 and invention name “Antenna unit, antenna device and communication base station”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to an antenna unit, an antenna device, and a communication base station. Background Art

[0003] In the field of mobile communications, antennas are commonly used for signal transmission and reception. With the advancement of communication technology, broadband and miniaturization have become fundamental principles in antenna design. Antennas used in mobile communications generally need to conform to the installation environment. This means that the antenna's shape and size must be compatible with the installation environment. Therefore, when designing such antennas, it's crucial to ensure that the antenna conforms to the installation environment while still maintaining the expected performance.

[0004] Overview

[0005] The present disclosure provides an antenna unit, an antenna device, and a communication base station.

[0006] In a first aspect of the present disclosure, an antenna unit is provided, the antenna unit being configured to be placed in a cylindrical housing, wherein at least one sidewall of the cylindrical housing is arc-shaped; the antenna unit comprising: a coaxial conductor, a feed structure, and two radiating substrates;

[0007] The coaxial conductor includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor sleeved outside the inner conductor, the inner conductor is connected to one end of the feed structure, the other end of the feed structure is coupled to one of the two radiating substrates, and the other of the two radiating substrates is connected to the outer conductor;

[0008] The antenna unit has at least one bending portion so as to conform to the cylindrical shell through the first bending portion.

[0009] In an optional example, the radiation substrate has a first bending portion at an edge close to the arc-shaped side wall, and an angle is formed between the first bending portion and the plane of the radiation substrate, and the angle is adapted to the curvature of the arc.

[0010] In an optional example, the angle is an obtuse angle.

[0011] In an optional example, the coaxial conductor is perpendicular to the plane of the radiation substrate, and a size of an orthographic projection of the first bent portion on the first plane is smaller than a size of an orthographic projection of the radiation substrate on the first plane;

[0012] The first plane is a plane perpendicular to the coaxial conductor.

[0013] In an optional example, the feeding structure includes a first feeding line and a plurality of second feeding lines;

[0014] One end of the first feeder is connected to the inner conductor, and the other end is connected to a plurality of second feeders respectively;

[0015] The plurality of second feeding lines are coupled to the radiation substrate to which the feeding structure is coupled, and the plurality of second feeding lines extend in different directions along the radiation substrate.

[0016] In an optional example, the angle between every two of the second feed lines is less than or equal to 90 degrees.

[0017] In an optional example, the plurality of second feeding lines include feeding lines respectively extending along two adjacent sides of the radiation substrate.

[0018] In an optional example, the plurality of second feeders include two third feeders whose extending directions are perpendicular to each other, and a fourth feeder located between the two third feeders;

[0019] The line width of the fourth feeder is greater than the line width of the third feeder; and / or the length of the fourth feeder is greater than the length of the third feeder.

[0020] In an optional example, the radiation substrate includes a hollow area and a solid material area surrounding the hollow area;

[0021] Wherein, the feeding structure is coupled with the solid material area.

[0022] In an optional example, the shape of the hollow area includes at least one of a polygon, a circle, a sector, an ellipse and an irregular shape.

[0023] In an optional example, the solid material area includes a plurality of path areas that are interconnected, and the path areas form a current path through which current passes;

[0024] The plurality of path areas at least include a target path area extending into the hollow area.

[0025] In an optional example, the target path area includes a first branch area and a second branch area conductively connected to the first branch area;

[0026] The size of the second branch region in the target direction is greater than the size of the first branch region in the target direction, and the target direction is a direction perpendicular to the direction of the current flowing through the target path region;

[0027] The first branch region is located between the feeding structure and the second branch region.

[0028] In an optional example, an end of the second branch region away from the feeding structure has a notch.

[0029] In an optional example, the feeding structure includes a feeding line coupled to a partial area of ​​the target path area away from the hollow area.

[0030] In an optional example, a reflective plate is further included, wherein the reflective plate is connected to an end of the coaxial conductor away from the radiation substrate;

[0031] wherein, the reflective plate has a second bent portion at an edge close to the arc-shaped side wall, the first bent portion faces the second bent portion, and the second bent portion faces the first bent portion;

[0032] The orthographic projection of the second bending portion on the second plane does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first bending portion on the second plane, and the second plane is a plane parallel to the coaxial conductor.

[0033] In an optional example, the orthographic projection of the reflective plate on the first plane covers the orthographic projection of the radiation substrate on the first plane; the first plane is perpendicular to the second plane;

[0034] The first orthographic projection of the first bent portion on the first plane is located on a side of the second orthographic projection of the second bent portion on the first plane close to the radiation substrate;

[0035] The first orthographic projection and the second orthographic projection do not overlap or partially overlap.

[0036] In an optional example, the antenna unit further includes a resonant structure corresponding to the dipole, and the resonant structure is used to increase the resonant point of the antenna unit; wherein:

[0037] The resonant structure is arranged on a side away from the feeding structure, and the orthographic projection of the resonant structure on a first plane overlaps with the orthographic projection of the radiation substrate on the first plane; wherein the first plane is parallel to the radiation surface of the radiation substrate.

[0038] In an optional example, in the case of including two orthogonal dipoles, the resonant structure includes a ring;

[0039] Alternatively, the resonant structure includes a plurality of spaced arcs, different arcs correspond to different radiation substrates, and the plurality of arcs correspond to the same center point.

[0040] A second aspect of the present disclosure further provides an antenna device, comprising a cylindrical housing, and the plurality of antenna units, wherein the plurality of antenna units are spaced apart and arranged in the cylindrical housing; and further comprising:

[0041] A feeding network is connected to the coaxial conductor of each antenna unit to feed an electrical signal into the coaxial conductor and feed the electrical signal into a feeding structure via the coaxial conductor.

[0042] The third aspect of the present disclosure further provides a communication base station, comprising: the antenna unit described above, or the antenna device described above.

[0043] The antenna unit provided by the present disclosure can be placed in a cylindrical housing, wherein at least one sidewall of the cylindrical housing is curved. Specifically, the antenna unit includes a coaxial conductor, a feed structure, and two radiating substrates. The coaxial conductor includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor sleeved outside the inner conductor. One end of the feed structure is connected to the inner conductor and the other end is coupled to one of the two radiating substrates. The other of the two radiating substrates is connected to the outer conductor. The antenna unit has at least one bend to conform to the cylindrical housing through the bend. Because the antenna unit is provided with at least one bend to conform to the cylindrical housing, the bend allows the antenna unit to adapt to the curved shape of the cylindrical housing through the bend. As a result, the antenna unit does not interfere with the cylindrical housing through the bend, achieving good conformity between the antenna unit and the cylindrical housing. This allows the entire antenna to conform to the installation environment while still maintaining expected antenna performance. Furthermore, the design of the first bend allows adjustment of performance indicators such as antenna radiation pattern gain and beamwidth.

[0044] In addition, since the antenna unit has at least one bending portion, the antenna can be miniaturized while maintaining the expected natural performance, thereby matching a smaller cylindrical shell and reducing the space occupied by the installation environment.

[0045] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present disclosure. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present disclosure, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present disclosure more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present disclosure are listed below.

[0046] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or related technologies, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or related technologies. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive efforts. It should be noted that the scales in the drawings are for illustration only and do not represent the actual scale.

[0048] FIG1 shows schematic cross-sectional views of several cylindrical shells according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG2 shows a schematic top view of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG3 shows a perspective view of an antenna unit in a cylindrical housing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG4 is a schematic top plan view of four radiating substrates of an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] FIG5 shows a side plan view of yet another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG6 a shows a schematic top plan view of the antenna unit when the resonant structure is a ring in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] FIG6 b shows a schematic top view of the antenna unit when the resonant structure is an arc in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG7 shows a schematic top plan view of yet another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] FIG8 shows a schematic top plan view of yet another antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG9 a shows a schematic top plan view of an antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG9 b shows a schematic top plan view of another antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] FIG10 is a schematic top plan view of another antenna substrate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] FIG11 shows a Smith original image of an exemplary antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] FIG12 shows a waveform diagram of an S parameter of an electric wire unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] FIG13 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the antenna device in the axial direction of the cylindrical housing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] FIG14 shows a schematic diagram of a feeding network in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] FIG15 shows an S-parameter diagram of eight antenna units arranged in an array in a cylindrical housing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] FIG16 shows a directional pattern when eight antenna units are arrayed in a cylindrical housing in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Description of reference numerals:

[0067] 100, cylindrical shell; 200, antenna unit; 300, reflector; 400, resonant structure; 500, feeding network; 101, curved side wall; 102, horizontal side wall; 201, coaxial cable conductor; 2011, inner conductor; 2012, outer conductor; 202, feeding structure; 2021, first feeding line; 2022, second feeding line; 203, radiating substrate; 204, first bending portion; 301, second bending portion; 401, ring; 2031, hollow area; 2032, solid material area; 205, target path area; 2051, first branch area; 2052, second branch area; 2023, fifth feeding line; 501, first connecting line; 502, second connecting line; 503, main feed port.

[0068] Detailed description

[0069] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0070] In the related art, when designing mobile communication base stations, miniaturization is necessary to save space, alleviate the shortage of base station site resources, and reduce costs (space costs, antenna raw material costs, and base station site rental costs). This requires miniaturization of the antennas used in the base stations. Furthermore, to maintain the appearance of the installation environment, the antenna shape of the base station must conform to the installation environment. In conformal design, a cylindrical housing is generally used to cover the antenna. However, this will cause interference between the antenna and the cylindrical housing, affecting the antenna's effectiveness.

[0071] In view of this, it is necessary to design an antenna with a wide bandwidth, miniaturization, and good conformity with the installation environment. To achieve this goal, the present disclosure provides an antenna unit that can have at least one bend, so that the antenna unit can conform to the cylindrical outer cover through the bend, thereby preventing interference between the antenna unit and the cylindrical outer cover (cylindrical shell), achieving a good conformal and miniaturized design. Specifically, if the antenna unit adopts a dipole antenna, the bend can be provided on the dipole's radiating arm (radiating substrate) near the edge of the cylindrical shell.

[0072] Among them, the cylindrical shell mentioned in the present disclosure can be a cylindrical shell or an elliptical shell, or it can be a shell with an arc-shaped side wall, such as a semicircular shell. Referring to Figure 1, a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional shape of several cylindrical shells is shown. As shown in Figure 1, for cylindrical shells A and B, cylindrical shell A is an elliptical cylindrical shell, and cylindrical shell B is a cylindrical shell. Regardless of whether it is cylindrical shell A or cylindrical shell B, it is surrounded by arc-shaped side walls 101.

[0073] As shown in FIG1 , the cylindrical shell C and the cylindrical shell D include curved side walls 101 and horizontal side walls, i.e., side walls without curvature. The two opposite first side walls 102 in the cylindrical shell C are horizontal side walls, and the other two opposite second side walls 101 are curved. The cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical shell D is semicircular, with one side wall 102 being horizontal and the other side walls 101 being curved.

[0074] The cylindrical shell has an arc-shaped side wall, and its curvature can be concave toward the shell, or it can be convex toward the shell. As shown in FIG1 , the arc-shaped side walls of cylindrical shells A to D are all convex toward the shell.

[0075] The design of the curved side wall can be understood as an external shape design required to conform to the installation environment when deploying a communication base station.

[0076] Of course, the cylindrical shell is not limited to the shapes shown in FIG1 . In some examples, the entire sidewall of the cylindrical shell may be curved. In other examples, the curved sidewall may be only a portion of one surface of the cylindrical shell. In other words, not the entire sidewall is curved, but only a portion of the sidewall is curved. In still other examples, the cylindrical shell may be an irregular cylindrical shape, not limited to the shapes shown in FIG1 .

[0077] No matter what shape the cylindrical shell takes, it is sufficient to design at least one bending portion in the antenna unit that matches the arc. In this way, the antenna unit can be adapted to the cylindrical shell and the interference between the antenna unit and the cylindrical shell can be reduced.

[0078] Referring to Figures 2, 3, and 4, Figure 2 shows a top plan view of the antenna unit of the present disclosure, and Figure 3 shows a perspective view of the antenna unit of the present disclosure when it is located in a cylindrical housing. Figure 4 shows a top plan view of the four radiating substrates of the antenna unit of the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 2 to 4, the antenna unit 200 of the present disclosure can be placed in a cylindrical housing 100, wherein at least one sidewall of the cylindrical housing 100 is arc-shaped, specifically, the several cylindrical housings 100 shown in Figure 1. The antenna unit 200 may include: a coaxial conductor 201, a feed structure 202, and two radiating substrates 203;

[0079] The coaxial conductor 201 includes an inner conductor 2011 and an outer conductor 2012 sleeved outside the inner conductor 2011. The inner conductor 2011 is connected to one end of the feed structure 202. The other end of the feed structure 202 is coupled to one of the two radiating substrates 203. The other of the two radiating substrates 203 is connected to the outer conductor 2012.

[0080] The antenna unit has at least one bending portion so as to conform to the cylindrical shell through the bending portion.

[0081] Specifically, the coaxial conductor 201, feed structure 202, and two radiating substrates 203 in the antenna unit of the present disclosure can constitute a radiating group. The antenna unit can include multiple such radiating groups, such as two radiating groups, and the two radiating groups can be orthogonal. In one example, the coaxial conductor 201, feed structure 202, and two radiating substrates 203 can constitute a dipole, and the two radiating groups constitute two dipoles, and the two dipoles can be orthogonal.

[0082] Specifically, the at least one bend of the antenna unit can be provided on the radiating substrate 203 or on other components of the antenna unit, such as the outer conductor 2012, as long as it conforms to the cylindrical housing and does not interfere with the outer conductor 2012. For example, the at least one bend can be provided on the radiating substrate 203, and more specifically, as shown in FIG3 , it can be provided on the edge of the radiating substrate 203 near the cylindrical housing.

[0083] When the bending portion is provided on the radiation substrate 203 , it can be provided on the edge of the arcuate side close to the cylindrical shell, or on the edge of the radiation substrate 203 close to the non-arcuate side of the cylindrical shell.

[0084] In one example, the coaxial conductor 201, the feed structure 202, and the two radiating substrates 203 may constitute a dipole. The antenna unit 200 may include one dipole or two dipoles. The two dipoles constitute a pair of dipoles of the antenna unit 200. In the case of including two dipoles, the two dipoles are orthogonal. Specifically, as shown in FIG2 , the antenna unit 200 includes a dipole E and a dipole F, wherein each of the dipoles E and the dipole F includes two radiating substrates 203, for a total of four radiating substrates 203. ; Each dipole includes a feeding structure 202, the two radiating substrates 203 of dipole E are on a straight line L1, and the two radiating substrates 203 of dipole F are on a straight line L2. The straight line L1 and the straight line L2 are orthogonal. The feeding structure 202 of dipole E is also orthogonal to the feeding structure 202 of dipole F. Thus, the antenna unit 200 includes two orthogonal dipoles. In this way, when the two dipoles cross, the crossed dipoles generate a new resonant mode within the frequency band, so that the antenna expands the bandwidth.

[0085] Each dipole includes a coaxial conductor 201, a feed structure 202, and two radiating substrates 203. Specifically, the coaxial conductor 201 includes an inner conductor 2011 and an outer conductor 2012 sleeved outside the inner conductor 2011. The inner and outer conductors 2012 can be made of the same metal material, or of different metal materials.

[0086] The inner conductor 2011 is connected to one end of the feed structure 202, thereby feeding current into the feed structure 202. The other end of the feed structure 202 is connected to the other radiating substrate 203 of the dipole, and the outer conductor 2012 is connected to one radiating substrate 203 of the dipole. For example, dipole E includes a coaxial conductor 201, a feed structure 202, and two radiating substrates 203. The outer conductor 2012 of the coaxial conductor 201 of dipole E is connected to one of the two radiating substrates 203, while the inner conductor 2011 is connected to one end of the feed structure 202, and the other end of the feed structure 202 is connected to the other of the two radiating substrates 203. Current is fed to both radiating substrates 203 via the coaxial conductor 201 and the feed structure 202, thereby putting the dipole into operation.

[0087] The feed structure 202 is coupled to the radiating substrate 203. This coupling can be a connection, used to feed the current introduced by the inner conductor 2011 into the radiating substrate 203. In one example, the feed structure 202 can be a feed line, one end of which is connected to the inner conductor 2011 and the other end is coupled to the radiating substrate 203. In another example, the end of the feed structure 202 coupled to the radiating substrate 203 can have multiple coupling branches, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. Different coupling branches can couple to different areas of the radiating substrate 203. Of course, the feed structure 202 is not limited to the above shape. In the case of two orthogonal dipoles, the feed structures 202 of the two dipoles are also orthogonal, and the shapes of the two feed structures 202 can be symmetrical.

[0088] In one example, the feeding structure 202 overlaps a portion of the radiating substrate 203, that is, is coupled to a portion of the radiating substrate 203. As a result, the orthographic projection of the feeding substrate on the radiating substrate 203 is covered by the radiating substrate 203. Specifically, as shown in FIG4 , in one example, the length d1 of the portion where the feeding structure 202 is coupled to the radiating substrate 203 may be 12 mm, and the width d2 of the portion where the feeding structure 202 is coupled to the radiating substrate 203 may be 2 mm.

[0089] The antenna unit 200 of this embodiment has at least one bending portion, so that the antenna can be miniaturized while maintaining the expected performance. As a result, it can match the smaller cylindrical shell 100, thereby reducing the space occupied by the installation environment.

[0090] In one example of the present disclosure, since at least one sidewall of the cylindrical housing 100 is curved, to ensure that the antenna unit 200 conforms well to the cylindrical housing 100 when located within the cylindrical housing 100, the radiating substrate 203 of each dipole may have a first bent portion 204 at an edge near the curved sidewall 101. Specifically, based on the curved sidewall 101 of the cylindrical housing 100, at least one radiating substrate 203 in the antenna unit 200 may have a first bent portion 204.

[0091] In which, when the cylindrical shell 100 is a cylindrical shell 100 and an elliptical shell, each radiation substrate 203 in the antenna unit 200 can have a first bending portion 204, such as including four radiation substrates 203, and the four radiation substrates 203 all have a first bending portion 204.

[0092] Among them, when the cylindrical shell 100 is a semicircular shell, as shown in D in Figure 1, each radiating substrate 203 in the antenna unit 200 can also have a first bending portion 204 according to the placement position of the antenna unit 200, or, each dipole in the antenna unit 200 has only one radiating substrate 203 with a first bending portion 204, and the radiating substrates 203 with the first bending portion 204 in the two dipoles can be located on the same side, such as the radiating substrate 203 on the side of the curved side wall 101 close to the cylindrical shell 100D has the first bending portion 204, while the radiating substrate 203 on the side close to the horizontal side wall 102102 of the cylindrical shell 100D does not have the first bending portion 204.

[0093] Of course, for an irregularly shaped cylindrical housing 100 or a cylindrical housing 100 with an arc shape only in a part of the side wall, it is sufficient that the radiation substrate 203 close to the arc-shaped side wall 101 has a first bent portion 204 at its edge.

[0094] Of course, in another example, in order to enhance the signal transmission capability of the antenna unit 200, regardless of whether the cylindrical shell 100 is a regular shape, each radiating substrate 203 can have a first bending portion 204, and a symmetrical pattern can be formed between the first bending portions 204 of multiple radiating substrates 203.

[0095] Specifically, in one example, the edge of the radiation substrate 203 near the arc-shaped side wall 101 can be bent toward a side away from the radiation surface of the radiation substrate 203, thereby forming a first bent portion 204. The radiation surface of the radiation substrate 203 can be understood as the emitting surface of the radiation substrate 203 that emits signals outward.

[0096] Of course, in another example, the edge of the radiating substrate 203 near the curved sidewall 101 may be bent toward the radiating surface of the radiating substrate 203, thereby forming the first bent portion 204. Regardless of the bending method used to form the first bent portion 204, it can be used to reduce interference between the antenna unit 200 and the cylindrical housing 100, thereby achieving conformity with the cylindrical housing 100.

[0097] Specifically, the curved sidewalls of the cylindrical housing 100 may be concave or convex, as shown in FIG1 . In the case where the curved sidewalls are concave, the first bent portion 204 may conform to the curved sidewalls and bend along the concave arc. In this case, the orthographic projection of the end of the first bent portion 204 away from the radiating substrate 203 on the radiating surface may overlap with the radiating substrate 203. In other words, the first bent portion 204 may be folded onto the radiating surface of the radiating substrate 203, or onto the side of the radiating substrate 203 facing away from the radiating surface. Of course, this bending method still needs to avoid interference with the cylindrical housing 100.

[0098] In which case, when the curved sidewall is a sidewall that convexes toward the shell, the first bent portion 204 can be bent along the convex arc. In this case, the orthographic projection of the end of the first bent portion 204 away from the radiation substrate 203 on the radiation surface can have no overlap with the radiation substrate 203. As shown in Figure 3, the first bent portion 204 can be bent toward the cylindrical shell 100 and does not need to be folded on the radiation surface of the radiation substrate 203, or on the side of the radiation substrate 203 that is away from the radiation surface.

[0099] Regardless of the bending method, there can be an angle between the first bending portion 204 and the radiation substrate 203. It should be noted that the angle is greater than 0 degrees. In some examples, the angle can be greater than a preset degree, such as greater than 45 degrees, to ensure that the first bending portion 204 can serve as a continuation of the radiation substrate 203 for transmitting signals.

[0100] The radiating substrate 203 serves as the antenna's radiating surface, and the first bent portion 204 can also serve as a radiating surface. In this disclosure, the radiating surface of the radiating substrate 203 is referred to as the primary radiating surface, and the radiating surface of the first bent portion 204 is referred to as the sub-radiating surface. The primary radiating surface is larger than the sub-radiating surface. Specifically, the first bent portion 204 can be smaller than the radiating substrate 203.

[0101] The fact that the size of the first bent portion 204 is smaller than the size of the radiating substrate 203 may mean that the size of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the plane where the radiating surface of the radiating substrate 203 is located may be smaller than the size of the radiating surface of the radiating substrate 203. Assume that the size of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the plane where the radiating surface of the radiating substrate 203 is located may include a first size extending along a first direction and a second size extending along a second direction. As shown in FIG2 , the first direction may be the x-direction, the second direction may be the y-direction, and the first and second directions are orthogonal. In one example, the first size in the x-direction of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the plane where the radiating surface is located may be equal to the size of the radiating substrate 203 along the x-direction, and the second size in the y-direction of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 may be smaller than the size of the radiating substrate 203 along the y-direction.

[0102] In one example, as shown in FIG4 , a dimension a2 of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the plane (first plane S1) where the radiation surface of the radiation substrate 203 is located in the y direction may be 5 mm, and a dimension a1 occupied by the two radiation substrates 203 in the y direction may be 39 mm; a dimension a3 of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the first plane S1 in the y direction may be 26.5 mm, and a dimension a3 of the radiation substrate 203 in the y direction may be 26.5 mm.

[0103] By designing the size of the first bend 204 and the angle between it and the radiating substrate 203, performance indicators such as the antenna radiation pattern gain and bandwidth can be adjusted. In other words, the first bend 204 can not only achieve conformity with the cylindrical housing 100, but also adjust performance indicators such as the antenna radiation pattern gain and bandwidth. In some other embodiments, the antenna unit 200 may further include a reflector 300, wherein the reflector 300 is used to reflect signals radiated to the back side of the radiating substrate 203. For example, the first bend 204 may radiate some signals to the back side of the radiating substrate 203. In this case, the reflector 300 can reflect such signals to reduce the loss of the transmitted signal.

[0104] 5 , there is shown a side plan view of another antenna unit 200 , comprising a reflector 300 , which may be connected to an end of the coaxial conductor 201 away from the radiation substrate 203 ;

[0105] The reflective plate 300 has a second bending portion 301 bent toward the first bending portion 204 at an edge close to the arc-shaped side wall, and the first bending portion 204 is bent toward the second bending portion 301.

[0106] The orthographic projection of the second bent portion 301 on the second plane does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the second plane. The second plane is a plane parallel to the coaxial conductor 201 .

[0107] In the present disclosure, at least one bending portion of the antenna unit 200 may include, in addition to a first bending portion arranged on the radiation substrate 203, a second bending portion arranged on the reflective plate 300, so that different components of the antenna unit can be conformal to the cylindrical shell.

[0108] As shown in Figures 2 and 5 , the reflector 300 is connected to the end of the coaxial conductor 201 that is away from the radiating substrate 203. Specifically, a distance is provided between the reflector 300 and the radiating substrate 203 of the antenna unit 200. This distance can be greater than or equal to the axial length of the coaxial conductor 201. For example, as shown in Figure 5 , the vertical distance between the reflector 300 and the radiating substrate 203 can be 30 mm.

[0109] In this embodiment, the size of the reflector 300 is larger than the size of the area occupied by all the radiating substrates 203 in the antenna unit 200. That is, the reflector 300 can cover all the radiating substrates 203 in the antenna unit 200, thereby achieving full reflection of the signal.

[0110] In order to achieve conformity with the cylindrical shell 100, the reflective plate 300 has a second bending portion 301 at the edge near the curved side wall. The second bending portion 301 is bent toward the first bending portion 204, and the first bending portion 204 is also bent toward the second bending portion 301. It should be noted that there is also a spacing distance between the first bending portion 204 and the second bending portion 301 of the reflective plate 300.

[0111] Specifically, when viewed in the direction of the second plane, the orthographic projection of the second bend portion 301 on the second plane does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the first bend portion 204 on the second plane. That is, there is a distance between the end of the first bend portion 204 close to the second bend portion 301 and the end of the second bend portion 301 close to the first bend portion 204.

[0112] It should be noted that since the first bending portion 204 is toward the second bending portion 301, and the second bending portion 301 is toward the first bending portion 204, the end of the first bending portion 204 close to the second bending portion 301 and the end of the second bending portion 301 close to the first bending portion 204 have a spacing distance that is smaller than the spacing distance between the radiation substrate 203 and the reflection plate 300.

[0113] The side of the reflector 300 that reflects signals is called the reflecting surface, and the side that does not reflect signals is called the back reflecting surface. The reflecting surface faces the radiating substrate 203. As described in the above embodiment, if the curved sidewall is concave toward the cylindrical housing 100, the first bent portion 204 is folded on the back surface facing away from the radiating surface, and the second bent portion 301 is folded on the reflecting surface of the reflector 300. If the curved sidewall is convex toward the cylindrical housing 100, the first bent portion 204 can bend away from the radiating surface, with the end of the first bent portion 204 away from the radiating substrate 203 facing the sidewall. As shown in Figure 5, the second bent portion 301 can be bent toward the reflecting surface, with the end of the second bent portion 301 away from the reflecting substrate facing the sidewall.

[0114] The first bend 204 and the second bend 301 may have different sizes. Specifically, the first bend 204 may be smaller than the second bend 301. In one example, the thickness of the first bend 204 may be smaller than the thickness of the second bend 301, and the area of ​​the radiation surface of the first bend 204 may be smaller than the area of ​​the reflection surface of the second bend 301.

[0115] The plane parallel to the coaxial conductor 201 can be called the second plane S2, and the plane perpendicular to the coaxial conductor 201 can be called the first plane S1. The first plane is the plane where the radiation surface of the radiation substrate 203 is located. It can be seen that the first plane is perpendicular to the second plane, that is, the two planes are orthogonal.

[0116] Specifically, as shown in Figure 5, the size c2 of the orthographic projection of the second bend portion 301 on the second plane S2 can be greater than the size b1 of the orthographic projection of the first bend portion 204 on the second plane S2; for example, if the size c2 of the orthographic projection of the second bend portion 301 on the second plane S2 is 10.3 mm, then the size b1 of the orthographic projection of the first bend portion 204 on the second plane S2 can be 6.5 mm.

[0117] In another example, the size of the orthographic projection of the second bend portion 301 on the first plane S1 may be smaller than the size b2 of the orthographic projection of the first bend portion 204 on the first plane S1; for example, if the size of the orthographic projection of the second bend portion 301 on the first plane S1 is 4.5 mm, then the size b2 of the orthographic projection of the first bend portion 204 on the first plane S1 may be 5 mm.

[0118] To improve the reflective effect of the reflector 300 on the signal reflected from the radiating plate to the interior of the cylindrical housing, the orthographic projection of the reflector 300 on the first plane can completely cover the orthographic projection of the radiating substrate 203 on the first plane. This allows the second bent portion 301 to be located outside the first bent portion 204.

[0119] Specifically, the first orthographic projection of the first bending portion 204 on the first plane is located on a side of the second orthographic projection of the second bending portion 301 on the first plane close to the radiation substrate 203 ; wherein the first orthographic projection and the second orthographic projection do not overlap or partially overlap.

[0120] In which, the first orthographic projection and the second orthographic projection may not overlap, or the first orthographic projection and the second orthographic projection may overlap, and the overlap may be partial overlap. Regardless of overlap or non-overlap, the end of the second bend portion 301 may be located outside the end of the first bend portion 204, thereby reflecting the signal radiated by the first bend portion 204.

[0121] In some further embodiments, the antenna unit 200 may further include a resonant structure 400 corresponding to a dipole, and the resonant structure 400 may be used to increase the resonant points of the antenna unit 200; wherein:

[0122] The resonant structure 400 is arranged on a side of the radiating substrate 203 away from the feeding structure 202 , and the orthographic projection of the resonant structure 400 on the first plane overlaps with the orthographic projection of the radiating substrate 203 on the first plane; wherein the first plane is parallel to the plane of the radiating substrate 203 .

[0123] Specifically, the resonant structure 400 can be made of metal. The resonant structure 400 can be located on the back side of the radiating substrate 203, that is, on the side away from the radiating surface, and has a certain spacing distance from the radiating substrate 203. Specifically, the orthographic projection of the resonant structure 400 on the first plane S1 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the radiating substrate 203 on the first plane S1.

[0124] The spacing distance between the resonant structure 400 and the radiation substrate 203 can be determined according to the resonance point to be added.

[0125] In the case of including two orthogonal dipoles, four radiation substrates 203 are included. In this case, the orthographic projection of the resonant structure 400 on the first plane S1 overlaps with the orthographic projections of the four radiation substrates 203 on the first plane S1.

[0126] In an example, the orthographic projection of the resonant structure 400 on the first plane S1 does not overlap with the orthographic projection of the feeding structure 202 on the first plane S1 , that is, the resonant structure 400 can be disposed away from the feeding structure 202 .

[0127] In some examples, two orthogonal dipoles may be included, and the resonant structure 400 may include a ring 401 ;

[0128] Alternatively, the resonant structure 400 may include a plurality of spaced arcs, with different arcs corresponding to different radiation substrates 203 , and the plurality of arcs corresponding to the same center point.

[0129] 6a and 6b , FIG6a shows a schematic top plan view of the antenna unit 200 when the resonant structure 400 is a ring 401 , and FIG6b shows a schematic top plan view of the antenna unit 200 when the resonant structure 400 is an arc.

[0130] As shown in FIG6 a , the resonant structure 400 may be a ring 401, which may be referred to as a parasitic ring 401 and is used to increase the resonance point of the antenna unit 200. The dimensions of the ring 401, such as the line width, radius, and the spacing between the ring 401 and the radiating substrate 203, may be set according to the desired increase in the resonance point.

[0131] As shown in Figure 6b , the resonant structure 400 may include multiple arcs. The orthographic projections of different arcs on the first plane S1 are located within the orthographic projections of the corresponding radiating substrate 203 on the first plane S1. The orthographic projections of the multiple arcs on the first plane S1 do not overlap and are spaced apart. Similarly, the dimensions of each arc, such as its line width, radius, and the distance between the arc and the radiating substrate 203, can be adjusted based on the desired number of resonant points.

[0132] In some embodiments, the gaps between the multiple spaced arcs may further be provided with tunable devices for tuning the antenna unit 200 .

[0133] Specifically, the multiple arcs need to be arranged toward the same center, thereby ensuring uniform resonance of the entire antenna unit 200 .

[0134] The structures of the first bending portion 204 and the radiation substrate 203 in the antenna unit 200 of the present disclosure are described in detail below.

[0135] As shown in Figure 5 , the device comprises two orthogonal dipoles, wherein the first bent portion 204 can form a certain angle with the radiating substrate 203. Specifically, the angle can be adapted to the curvature of the arc on the cylindrical housing 100. In the case where the curvature of the arc indicates that the sidewall is concave toward the housing, the angle between the first bent portion 204 and the radiating substrate 203 can be an acute angle, i.e., greater than a preset angle and less than 90 degrees; thereby, the first bent portion 204 can adapt to the sidewall of the arc and bend along the concave curvature.

[0136] As shown in FIG1 , when the arc-shaped curvature indicates that the side wall is convex toward the shell, the angle between the first bent portion 204 and the radiation substrate 203 can be an obtuse angle, that is, greater than 90 degrees. In this case, the first bent portion 204 can be bent along the convex curvature.

[0137] In some examples of this embodiment, the angle between the first bent portion 204 and the radiation substrate 203 may be an obtuse angle, so that the microwave signal can be emitted as far as possible at the first bent portion 204 .

[0138] In one example, the angles between different radiating substrates 203 and the corresponding first bends 204 may be the same. For example, the angle between the radiating substrate 203 and the first bend 204 of dipole E is the same as the angle between the radiating substrate 203 and the first bend 204 of dipole F, so that the two orthogonal dipoles present symmetrical first bends 204.

[0139] Of course, in order to achieve conformity with the cylindrical shell, in some cases, the angles between different radiation substrates 203 and the corresponding first bending portions 204 may also be different, which is not limited here.

[0140] In some embodiments, the coaxial conductor 201 of the antenna unit 200 is perpendicular to the radiation substrate 203, that is, the axial directions of the inner conductor 2011 and the outer conductor 2012 of the coaxial conductor 201 are perpendicular to the radiation surface of the radiation substrate 203. As shown in Figure 5, the size of the first bent portion 204 can be smaller than the size of the radiation substrate 203. Specifically, the size of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the first plane can be smaller than the size of the orthographic projection of the radiation substrate 203 on the first plane; wherein the first plane is a plane perpendicular to the coaxial conductor 201.

[0141] In this embodiment, the area of ​​the radiating surface of the first bent portion 204 is smaller than the area of ​​the radiating surface of the radiating substrate 203. In an optional example, the radiating substrate 203 and the first bent portion 204 can both be rectangular in shape, with the radiating substrate 203 having a length and a width, and the first bent portion 204 also having a length and a width. The length of the radiating substrate 203 can be equal to the length of the first bent portion 204 (i.e., the x-direction dimension of the radiating substrate 203 is equal to the x-direction dimension of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the first plane), and the width of the radiating substrate 203 can be greater than the width of the first bent portion 204 (i.e., the second dimension of the orthographic projection of the first bent portion 204 on the first plane in the y-direction is smaller than the y-direction dimension of the radiating substrate 203).

[0142] In one embodiment, the shape of the radiating substrate 203 can be a quadrilateral, a circle, an ellipse, a sector, or an irregular shape. The first bent portion 204 can be considered an extension of the edge of the radiating substrate 203 and its shape can be adapted to the shape of the radiating substrate 203. It should be noted that the shapes of the two radiating substrates 203 of a dipole are symmetrical. In the case of two dipoles, the shapes of the four radiating substrates 203 are also symmetrical.

[0143] Next, the feeding structure 202 will be described.

[0144] In some embodiments, the feed structure 202 may be a tree-branch structure, e.g., the feed structure 202 may include multiple branches, one of which is connected to the inner conductor 2011, and the remaining branches function as diversion branches, coupling the current fed from the inner conductor 2011 to different directions of the radiating substrate 203. As shown in Figures 2 and 4 , this tree-branch feed structure 202 can help improve the uniform transmission of the electrical signal fed to the radiating substrate 203.

[0145] Specifically, the feeding structure 202 may include a first feeding line 2021 and multiple second feeding lines 2022; wherein one end of the first feeding line 2021 is connected to the inner conductor 2011, and the other end is connected to multiple second feeding lines 2022, and the multiple second feeding lines 2022 are coupled to the radiation substrate 203 coupled to the feeding structure 202, and the multiple second feeding lines extend in different directions along the radiation substrate 203.

[0146] Specifically, the plurality of second feeders 2022 may be non-parallel to each other, as shown in FIG4 , or the plurality of second feeders 2022 may include feeders that are non-parallel to each other or feeders that are parallel to each other, as shown in FIG7 .

[0147] In this embodiment, a tree-shaped feeding structure 202 is formed between the first feeding line 2021 and the multiple second feeding lines 2022. The multiple second feeding lines 2022 can be understood as multiple branches of the first feeding line 2021, so as to feed electrical signals to areas in different directions of the radiation substrate 203.

[0148] The second feeding line 2022 coupled to the radiating substrate 203 in the feeding structure 202 may extend along a first direction or a second direction of the radiating substrate 203. The first direction and the second direction are extension directions of two adjacent sides of the radiating substrate 203. Depending on the shape of the radiating substrate 203, the first direction and the second direction may be orthogonal, or the first direction and the second direction may present other angles.

[0149] Specifically, the second feed line 2022 extending along the first direction has a smaller dimension in the first direction than the radiating substrate 203. For example, the second feed line extending along the y-direction has a smaller dimension in the y-direction than the radiating substrate 203. The second feed line 2022 extending along the second direction has a smaller dimension in the second direction than the radiating substrate 203. For example, the second feed line extending along the x-direction has a smaller dimension in the x-direction than the radiating substrate 203. Impedance matching can be achieved by varying the lengths and widths of the second feed line 2022 and the first feed line 2021. For example, in one antenna unit 200, the length d1 of the second feed line 2022 can be 12 mm, and the width d2 can be 2 mm.

[0150] In which, different second feed lines 2022 can have the same size, such as different second feed lines 2022 can have the same length and the same line width; or in another example, different second feed lines can have different sizes, such as different second feed lines 2022 can have the same length and different line widths, or, different second feed lines 2022 can have different lengths and the same line width, or, different second feed lines 2022 can have different lengths and different line widths.

[0151] In one example, as shown in FIG2 and FIG4 , the multiple feed lines may include two second feed lines 2022 , which extend along two adjacent sides of the coupled radiation substrate 203 , respectively, thereby feeding power to the radiation substrate 203 starting from the side of the radiation substrate 203 .

[0152] In this example, the angle between the two second feed lines 2022 can be adapted to the angle between two adjacent side edges of the radiation substrate 203. If the angle between the adjacent side edges is a right angle, the two second feed lines 2022 are perpendicular to each other. If the angle between the adjacent side edges is an obtuse angle, the angle between the two second feed lines 2022 is also an obtuse angle. If the angle between the adjacent side edges is an acute angle, the angle between the two second feed lines 2022 is also an acute angle.

[0153] Specifically, the angle between the two second feeding lines 2022 can be equal to the angle between two adjacent sides of the radiation substrate 203. In this way, the current fed through the feeding structure 202 can be accurately fed along the edge of the radiation substrate 203, thereby spreading around the radiation substrate 203.

[0154] In one example, two second feeding lines 2022 may also be included. The two second feeding lines 2022 may not be perpendicular to each other and may present other angles, such as acute angles or obtuse angles. They may extend along two different non-edge paths of the radiation substrate 203, for example, in a direction at a certain angle to the side edge of the radiation substrate 203, thereby achieving feeding of the radiation substrate 203.

[0155] In another example, three or more second feed lines 2022 may be included. These multiple second feed lines 2022 may be shaped like branches branching in different directions to feed different areas on the radiating substrate 203, thereby improving the uniformity of the power feed to the radiating substrate 203 and, in turn, enhancing the performance of the antenna unit 200. In this example, two adjacent second feed lines 2022 among the multiple second feed lines 2022 have an angle between them. Specifically, the angles between each two adjacent second feed lines 2022 may be the same or different. When the angles are the same, the power feed is more uniform. When the angles are different, the power feed from the feed structure 202 can match the regional characteristics of the radiating substrate 203, adapting to the shape of the current path of the radiating substrate 203, thereby improving the radiation effect.

[0156] In one example, three or more second feeder lines 2022 are included, and the angle between every two second feeder lines 2022 is less than or equal to 90 degrees.

[0157] In this example, in one case, the outermost two second feeders 2022 among the plurality of second feeders 2022 are perpendicular to each other, and each second feeder 2022 located between the two perpendicular second feeders 2022 has an angle less than 90 degrees with the outer second feeder 2022.

[0158] In this example, in another case, the angle between the two outermost second feeders 2022 among the plurality of second feeders 2022 may be less than 90 degrees, and the angle between each second feeder 2022 located between the two outer second feeders 2022 and the outer second feeder 2022 is less than 90 degrees.

[0159] In some examples, as described above, when three or more second feed lines 2022 are included, the multiple second feed lines 2022 may include feed lines extending along two adjacent side edges of the radiating substrate 203, and feed lines extending along a path between two adjacent side edges of the radiating substrate 203. In this way, the feeding structure 202 can feed power along the edge of the radiating substrate 203 and the interior of the radiating substrate 203, so that the fed current is dispersed in various areas of the radiating substrate 203, thereby enhancing the radiation capability of the radiating substrate 203.

[0160] In a specific design, the plurality of second feed lines 2022 include a third feed line extending along two adjacent sides of the radiation substrate 203, and a fourth feed line located between the two third feed lines; wherein the line width of the fourth feed line is greater than the line width of the third feed line; and / or the length of the fourth feed line is greater than the length of the third feed line.

[0161] Among them, the fourth feeder may include one or more. As shown in FIG7 , which shows a schematic top plan view of an antenna unit 200, FIG7 shows a case where two fourth feeders are included. In this example, as shown in FIG7 , among the multiple second feeders 2022, the angle between the two outermost third feeders is equal to 90 degrees, and the fourth feeder located between the two outermost third feeders can be parallel to each other. As shown in FIG7 , four second feeders 2022 are included, the two outermost third feeders are perpendicular to each other, and the two fourth feeders located between the two outermost third feeders are parallel to each other.

[0162] Of course, in some other examples, the fourth feeder located between the two outermost third feeders may also be non-parallel. Specifically, in the case of including three or more second feeders 2022, they may have various bifurcated forms.

[0163] When this feeding structure 202 is used, the two third feeding lines can extend along two adjacent sides of the radiating substrate 203, respectively. In this way, the third feeding lines can feed current into the side edges of the radiating substrate 203. The fourth feeding line is located between the two third feeding lines and can feed current into the middle area of ​​the radiating substrate 203, such as the diagonal path. This allows the radiating substrate 203 to be fed with current along both the edge and the internal diagonal lines. This increases the number of current feeding paths on the radiating substrate 203, thereby improving the uniformity of the fed current on the radiating substrate 203, so that all areas of the radiating substrate 203 are fed with current.

[0164] The fourth feeder can have a greater width than the third feeder, and its length can be equal to or less than the third feeder. Of course, in some examples, as shown in FIG7 , the fourth feeder can have a smaller width than the third feeder, and its length can be greater than the third feeder. Specifically, the design can be based on the actual shape and size of the radiating substrate 203, and is not particularly limited herein.

[0165] When this design is adopted, the coupling degree between the middle area of ​​the radiating substrate 203 and the feeding structure 202 can be improved, thereby ensuring that the coupling in the middle area is not much different from the coupling in the edge area of ​​the radiating substrate 203, thereby improving the uniformity of feeding and ensuring the performance of the antenna unit 200.

[0166] In some embodiments, the radiating substrate 203 can be a fully solid substrate or a substrate including a hollow area 2031. Referring to Figure 8, a top-down schematic diagram of another antenna unit 200 is shown. As shown in Figure 8, each radiating substrate 203 has a hollow area 2031 and a solid area 2032, wherein the solid area 2032 is used to couple with the feeding structure 202, so that multiple feeding lines on the feeding structure 202 can feed the solid area 2032 respectively.

[0167] Specifically, as shown in FIG8 , the solid material area 2032 may enclose a hollow area 2031 , wherein the hollow area 2031 may include one or more hollow areas 2031 . In the case of including multiple hollow areas 2031 , there are intervals between the multiple hollow areas 2031 .

[0168] In this example, due to the provision of the hollow area 2031, the radiating substrate 203 is divided into multiple current paths. That is, different areas of the solid material area 2032 surrounding the hollow area 2031 can form different current paths. As shown in FIG8 , the hollow area 2031 is rectangular, and the solid material area 2032 forms a current path extending along the four sides of the hollow area 2031 along the four sides of the hollow area 2031. The hollow area 2031 can be regarded as an insulating area. As a result, the current fed by the feeding structure 202 is limited to flow through the edge of the radiating substrate 203, making the current path in the radiating substrate 203 relatively longer, thereby facilitating the miniaturization design of the radiating substrate 203. At the same time, the provision of the hollow area 2031 on the radiating substrate 203 can reduce the weight of the radiating substrate 203, thereby achieving a lightweight design of the antenna unit 200.

[0169] In some embodiments, the shape of the hollow area 2031 includes at least one of a polygon, a circle, a sector, an ellipse, and an irregular shape.

[0170] Specifically, the hollow area 2031 can be a square, rectangle, parallelogram, or trapezoid; or a circle, ellipse, or sector. The shape of the hollow area 2031 can be the same as that of the radiating substrate, such as both being square, rectangle, or parallelogram; or both being circular or sector-shaped. The shape of the hollow area 2031 can also be different from that of the radiating substrate. For example, if the radiating substrate is square, the hollow area can be a rectangle; if the radiating substrate is quadrilateral, the hollow area can be a circle; and if the radiating substrate is sector-shaped, the hollow area 2031 can be a quadrilateral.

[0171] The area of ​​the hollow region 2031 can be larger than the area of ​​the solid material region. In this case, the weight of the radiating substrate can be further reduced, achieving a lightweight and miniaturized design of the antenna unit. The area of ​​the hollow region can also be smaller than the area of ​​the solid material region, which is not specifically limited here.

[0172] FIG9 a shows a schematic top plan view of an antenna substrate. As shown in FIG9 a , in the same dipole, the two radiating substrates 203 may include hollow regions 2031 of the same shape, or they may have hollow regions 2031 of different shapes. Specifically, the shape of the hollow region 2031 of one radiating substrate 203 connected to the inner conductor 2011 may be adapted to the shape of the feed structure 202. Specifically, as shown in FIG9 a , the feed structure 202 includes a first feed line 2021 and three second feed lines 2022. The three second feed lines 2022 include two orthogonal third feed lines located on the outermost sides, with a fourth feed line located between the two third feed lines. The radiating substrate 203 in the dipole coupled to the second feed line 2022 has a pentagonal hollow region 2031, while the other radiating substrate 203 in the dipole has a rectangular hollow region 2031.

[0173] Of course, FIG. 9 a is merely an exemplary illustration and does not represent a limitation on the hollow area 2031 of the present disclosure.

[0174] In some embodiments, since the solid material area 2032 encloses the hollow area 2031, different sides of the solid material area 2032 adjacent to the hollow area 2031 can be regarded as different path areas. In this way, the solid material area 2032 can include multiple path areas that are conductive to each other, and the path areas are used to provide current paths; specifically, the multiple path areas may include a target path area 205 extending into the hollow area 2031.

[0175] Referring to Figure 9b, a top plan schematic diagram of an antenna unit 200 is shown. As shown in Figure 9b, each radiation substrate 203 has a hollow area 2031 and a solid material area 2032, wherein the hollow area 2031 is an irregular shape, and the solid material area 2032 includes multiple path areas. Specifically, the multiple path areas may include path areas extending along the four edges of the radiation substrate 203, such as including four path areas that can be enclosed into a quadrilateral, and the area enclosed by the four path areas also includes a target path area 205, and the target path area 205 extends into the quadrilateral enclosed by the four path areas. Then, from a top view, the target path area 205 extends into the hollow area 2031.

[0176] Specifically, in an exemplary embodiment, when the radiation substrate 203 is rectangular as a whole, the target path area 205 can be regarded as a path area located on a diagonal line of the radiation substrate 203 , and the remaining path areas can be located around the radiation substrate 203 .

[0177] In some examples, as shown in FIG. 9 b , the target path region 205 may be shaped like a wrench, with the wrench-shaped handle portion being connected to the remaining path regions, and the head portion of the wrench being away from the handle and extending into the hollow region 2031 .

[0178] Specifically, the target path area 205 includes a first branch area 2051 and a second branch area 2052 conductively connected to the first branch area 2051;

[0179] The size of the second branch region 2052 in the target direction is greater than the size of the first branch region 2051 in the target direction, and the target direction is a direction perpendicular to the direction of the current flowing through the target path region 205;

[0180] The first branch region 2051 is located between the feeding structure 202 and the second branch region 2052 .

[0181] In this embodiment, the target path region 205 may be composed of a first branch region 2051 and a second branch region 2052. In one example, the radiating substrate 203 is rectangular, the first branch region 2051 may be located on a diagonal line of the radiating substrate 203, and the second branch region 2052 is connected to an end of the first branch region 2051 away from the feeding structure 202. Since the size of the second branch region 2052 in the target direction is larger than the size of the first branch region 2051 in the target direction, the width of the current path formed by the second branch region 2052 is larger than the width of the current path formed by the first branch region 2051, thereby forming a radiating structure with a larger end through which current flows.

[0182] The shape of the first branch region 2051 can be different from the shape of the second branch region 2052. Both the first branch region 2051 and the second branch region 2052 can be polygonal, and the number of edges included in the first branch region 2051 can be different from the number of edges included in the second branch region 2052. As shown in FIG9b , the first branch region 2051 is strip-shaped, and the second branch region 2052 can be an octagon. In other examples, the first branch region 2051 is strip-shaped, and the second branch region 2052 can be a hexagon, a pentagon, or other shape.

[0183] Alternatively, the first branch area 2051 is a polygon, and the second branch area 2052 can be a circle, an ellipse, or an irregular shape including an arc, as long as the size of the second branch area 2052 is slightly larger than the size of the first branch area 2051, it can be used as an emission point.

[0184] In one embodiment, the second branch region 2052 has a notch at one end away from the feeding structure 202, as shown in FIG9b. When the second branch region 2052 is formed with a notch, the overall shape of the second branch region 2052 can be U-shaped. Of course, when the second branch region 2052 is circular, elliptical, or other polygonal, the second branch region 2052 also has a notch. By setting the notch, the current can be limited in the width of the current flow when it flows to the second branch region 2052, making the current more concentrated, that is, the current larger, thereby improving the signal transmission performance.

[0185] When the radiating substrate 203 of this embodiment is employed, the corresponding feeding structure 202 can be adapted to the shape design of the radiating substrate 203. Specifically, the radiating substrate 203 includes a hollow region 2031 and a solid region 2032, and the solid region 2032 includes multiple path regions, including a target path region 205 extending into the hollow region 2031. The feeding structure 202 can also include a feeder corresponding to the target path region 205. Specifically, the feeding structure 202 can include a first feeder 2021 and multiple second feeders 2022. Among the multiple second feeders 2022, a feeder coupled to the target path region 205 can be included. This feeder can be referred to as a fifth feeder 2023. The fifth feeder 2023 can be a feeder coupled to a portion of the target path region 205 away from the hollow region 2031.

[0186] In some examples, referring to FIG. 10 , a schematic top plan view of an antenna unit 200 is shown, wherein the target path region 205 may include a first branch region 2051 and a second branch region 2052, wherein the first branch region 2051 is located between the second branch region 2052 and the feed structure 202, and the fifth feed line 2023 may be coupled to the first branch region 2051. Specifically, the fifth feed line 2023 may extend along the length direction of the first branch region 2051 and be coupled to the first branch region 2051, wherein the coupling may refer to overlapping.

[0187] Below, an exemplary design of an antenna unit 200 is given. The cylindrical shell 100 is a cylindrical shell, wherein the inner diameter of the cylinder is 60 mm, the outer diameter is 64 mm, and the wall thickness is 2 mm. As shown in Figures 4, 5 and 8, the antenna unit 200 arranged therein includes two orthogonal dipoles, each of which can include a coaxial cable conductor 201, a feeding structure 202, and two radiating substrates 203 located on the same straight line.

[0188] The radiation substrate 203 is rectangular and includes a solid material area 2032 and a hollow area 2031 which is also rectangular. The hollow area 2031 is square, and the side length e of the hollow area 2031 is 14 mm. The solid material areas 2032 located on opposite sides of the hollow area 2031 have a dimension a4 of 8.5 mm in the x-direction and a dimension a5 of 4 mm in the x-direction.

[0189] The feed structure 202 includes a first feed line 2021, one end of which is connected to the inner conductor 2011, and the other end of the first feed line 2021 is connected to two second feed lines 2022. The two second feed lines 2022 are orthogonal and extend along two adjacent solid material areas 2032. Specifically, the length d1 of the second feed line 2022 is 12 mm, and the line width d2 of the second feed line 2022 is 2 mm. The two second feed lines 2022 have the same length and line width. Impedance matching can be achieved by varying the length and line width of the second feed line 2022 and the first feed line 2021.

[0190] The outer conductor 2012 is connected to one of the two radiating substrates 203 . When one dipole is excited, the other dipole can function as a ring resonator to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna unit 200 .

[0191] Each radiation substrate 203 has a first bent portion 204 at an edge close to the side wall of the cylindrical housing 100;

[0192] The reflector 300 is further included. The vertical distance between the reflector 300 and the radiation substrate 203 can be 30 mm. The reflector 300 is located in the cylindrical housing 100. The orthographic projection size c1 of the reflector 300 on the first plane S1 is 57 mm, and the orthographic projection size a1 of the four radiation substrates 203 on the first plane S1 is 39 mm.

[0193] Among them, the reflective plate 300 has a second bending portion 301 at the edge of the side wall close to the cylindrical shell 100, and the size c2 of the orthographic projection of the second bending portion 301 on the second plane S2 is 10.3 mm, then the size b1 of the orthographic projection of the first bending portion 204 on the second plane S2 can be 6.5 mm; the size of the orthographic projection of the second bending portion 301 on the first plane S1 is 4.5 mm, and the size b2 of the orthographic projection of the first bending portion 204 on the first plane S1 can be 5 mm.

[0194] Among them, the first bending portion 204 does not interfere with the cylindrical shell, achieving better conformality. Compared with the traditional planar cross dipole antenna, this conformal antenna can achieve lower frequency radiation in a cylinder of the same diameter, which greatly helps to miniaturize the overall structure.

[0195] The above-mentioned exemplary antenna unit 200 was subjected to performance testing, as shown in Figures 11 and 12. Figure 11 shows the original Smith diagram for expressing the S parameters of the wire unit, and Figure 12 shows a waveform diagram of the S parameters of the wire unit. It can be seen that in the 1.7GHz-3GHz frequency band, the electrical performance parameters S11, S22 <-11.5dB, S21 <-20dB, and the relative bandwidth reaches 55.32%.

[0196] Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure also provides an antenna device, as shown in Figures 13 and 14, Figure 13 shows a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the antenna device in the axial direction of the cylindrical shell 100, and Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of the feeding network 500; as shown in Figure 13, the antenna device includes a cylindrical shell 100, and a plurality of antenna units 200, and the plurality of antenna units 200 are arranged at intervals in the cylindrical shell 100; the antenna device may also include a feeding network 500, which is connected to the coaxial conductor 201 of each antenna unit 200 to feed an electrical signal to the coaxial conductor 201, and feed the electrical signal to the feeding structure 202 via the coaxial conductor 201.

[0197] In which, the feeding network 500 can be connected to the coaxial conductor 201 of each antenna unit 200 in turn, specifically, can be connected to the inner conductor 2011 and the outer conductor 2012 of the coaxial conductor 201 respectively, that is, one end of the inner conductor 2011 is connected to the feeding network 500, and the other end is connected to the feeding structure 202, one end of the outer conductor 2012 is connected to the feeding network 500, and the other end is connected to a radiating substrate 203.

[0198] As shown in Figures 13 and 14 , the feed network 500 may include multiple first connecting lines 501 and second connecting lines 502 connected to the first connecting lines 501. The first connecting lines 501 are used to connect multiple second connecting lines 502 in series, with each second connecting line 502 being used to feed two adjacent antenna units 200. As shown in Figure 13 , two adjacent antenna units 200 are grouped together, with one end of the second connecting line 502 connected to one antenna unit 200 and the other end connected to the other antenna unit 200. The first connecting line 501 provides electrical signals to each second connecting line 502. The feed network ultimately converges into two main feed ports 503 for connecting RF cables.

[0199] It should be noted that the cylindrical shell 100 in this embodiment can be a cylinder, an elliptical cylindrical shell 100 or other shells with curved side walls.

[0200] Among them, multiple antenna units 200 can be arranged in an array inside the cylindrical shell 100, as shown in Figure 13, and can be arranged in a row along the axial direction of the cylindrical shell 100, or can be arranged in n rows and m columns in the cylindrical shell 100, such as arranged in m columns in the axial direction of the cylindrical shell 100 and arranged in n rows in the radial direction.

[0201] As shown in Figure 13, in one example, the cylindrical shell 100 can be a cylindrical shell, and a row of antenna units 200 are arranged in the axial direction of the cylindrical shell, with a total of 8 antenna units 200. The 8 antenna units 200 are spaced at equal distances in the cylindrical shell 100, which can all be 100 mm. When using the antenna device with this setting, referring to Figures 15 and 16, Figure 15 shows an S-parameter diagram when 8 antenna units are arranged in an array in the cylindrical shell, and Figure 16 shows a directional diagram when 8 antenna units are arranged in an array in the cylindrical shell. In the 1.7GHz-2.2GHz frequency band, S11, S22<-11dB, and S21<-24.9dB.

[0202] Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure also provides a communication base station, including the above-mentioned antenna unit, or including the above-mentioned antenna device.

[0203] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0204] Finally, it should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity, or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, commodity, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, commodity, or device that includes the element.

[0205] The above is a detailed introduction to an antenna unit, an antenna device and a communication base station provided by the present disclosure. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present disclosure and its core idea. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present disclosure, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present disclosure.

[0206] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

[0207] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0208] References herein to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, please note that instances of the phrase "in one embodiment" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0209] In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are described. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0210] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The present disclosure may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third etc. does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0211] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that: The antenna unit is used to be placed in a cylindrical shell, and at least one side wall of the cylindrical shell is arc-shaped; the antenna unit includes: a coaxial line conductor, a feeding structure and two radiation substrates; The coaxial line conductor includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor sleeved outside the inner conductor, the inner conductor is connected to one end of the feeding structure, the other end of the feeding structure is coupled to one of the two radiating substrates, and the other of the two radiating substrates is connected to the outer conductor; Wherein, the antenna unit has at least one bending portion so as to conform to the cylindrical shell through the bending portion.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The radiation substrate has a first bending portion at an edge close to the arc-shaped side wall, and an angle is formed between the first bending portion and the plane of the radiation substrate, and the angle is adapted to the curvature of the arc.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that The included angle is an obtuse angle.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The coaxial line conductor is perpendicular to the radiation surface of the radiation substrate, and the size of the orthographic projection of the first bending portion on the first plane is smaller than the size of the orthographic projection of the radiation substrate on the first plane; The first plane is a plane perpendicular to the coaxial conductor.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The feeding structure includes a first feeding line and a plurality of second feeding lines; One end of the first feeder is connected to the inner conductor, and the other end is respectively connected to a plurality of the second feeders; Wherein, a plurality of second feeding lines are coupled to the radiation substrate to which the feeding structure is coupled, and the plurality of second feeding lines extend in different directions along which the radiation substrate is respectively extended.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that The included angle between every two of the second feed lines is less than or equal to 90 degrees.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that: The plurality of second feeding lines include feeding lines respectively extending along two adjacent sides of the radiation substrate.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 5, characterized in that The plurality of second feed lines include a third feed line respectively extending along two adjacent sides of the radiation substrate, and a fourth feed line located between the two third feed lines; The line width of the fourth feeder line is greater than the line width of the third feeder line; and / or the length of the fourth feeder line is greater than the length of the third feeder line.

9. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The radiation substrate comprises a hollow area and a solid material area surrounding the hollow area; Wherein, the feeding structure is coupled with the solid material area.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 9, characterized in that The shape of the hollow area includes at least one of a polygon, a circle, a sector, an ellipse and an irregular shape.

11. The antenna unit according to claim 9, characterized in that: The solid material area includes a plurality of path areas that are interconnected, and the path areas form a current path through which current passes; The plurality of path areas at least include a target path area extending into the hollow area.

12. The antenna unit according to claim 11, characterized in that The target path region includes a first branch region and a second branch region conductively connected to the first branch region; Wherein, the size of the second branch region in the target direction is greater than the size of the first branch region in the target direction, and the target direction is a direction perpendicular to the direction of the current flowing through the target path region; The first branch region is located between the feeding structure and the second branch region.

13. The antenna unit according to claim 12, characterized in that One end of the second branch region away from the feeding structure has a notch.

14. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that: The feeding structure includes: a feeding line coupled to a partial area of ​​the target path area away from the hollow area.

15. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that It also includes a reflector, the reflector is connected to one end of the coaxial line conductor away from the radiation substrate; The reflective plate has a second bending portion at an edge close to the arc-shaped side wall, the first bending portion faces the second bending portion, and the second bending portion faces the first bending portion; The orthographic projection of the second bent portion on the second plane is equal to the orthographic projection of the first bent portion on the second plane. The orthographic projections on the second plane have no overlap, and the second plane is a plane parallel to the coaxial line conductor.

16. The antenna unit according to claim 15, characterized in that The orthographic projection of the reflection plate on the first plane covers the orthographic projection of the radiation substrate on the first plane; the first plane is perpendicular to the second plane; A first orthographic projection of the first bending portion on the first plane is located on a side of a second orthographic projection of the second bending portion on the first plane close to the radiation substrate; The first orthographic projection and the second orthographic projection have no overlap or partially overlap.

17. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that The antenna unit further includes a resonant structure corresponding to the dipole, and the resonant structure is used to increase the resonant point of the antenna unit; wherein: The resonant structure is arranged on a side of the radiation substrate away from the feeding structure and is spaced apart from the radiation substrate; The orthographic projection of the resonant structure on the first plane overlaps with the orthographic projection of the radiation substrate on the first plane; and the first plane is parallel to the radiation surface of the radiation substrate.

18. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that In the case of comprising two orthogonal said dipoles, said resonant structure comprises a ring; Alternatively, the resonant structure includes a plurality of spaced arcs, different arcs correspond to different radiation substrates, and the plurality of arcs correspond to the same center point.

19. An antenna device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a cylindrical housing, and a plurality of antenna units as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the plurality of antenna units are arranged in the cylindrical housing at intervals; and further comprises: A feeding network is connected to the coaxial conductor of each antenna unit to feed an electrical signal to the coaxial conductor and feed the electrical signal to a feeding structure via the coaxial conductor.

20. A communication base station, characterized in that: include: The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 18, or the antenna device according to claim 19.

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