Detergent and grease compositions

Abstract

The present disclosure provides detergent compositions comprising an alkaline earth metal sulfonate or a sodium sulfonate as well as processes to prepare the detergent compositions. Lubricant and grease compositions are also provided. The detergent compositions described herein provide sustainable solutions that can meet global environmental standards and can also achieve desirable carbon neutral goals.

Description

DETERGENT AND GREASE COMPOSITIONSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 528,133, filed on July 21, 2023, the entire disclosures of which is incorporated herein by reference.BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY

[0002] Detergents have been used in the lubricants industry for many years, including use in engine oils, automatic transmission fluids, gear oil additives, and greases. For instance, detergents can contribute to improve engine performance due to their cleaning characteristic and basicity as well as their ability to neutralize acidic byproducts during engine combustion.

[0003] Fully oil-soluble detergents can be prepared by an overbasing procedure in which the resultant detergents can contain up to thirty times much more metal as a typical neutral detergent. The preparation of overbased detergents typically involves reaction of promoters / catalysts with an acidic or neutral substrate and an excess of metallic base in the presence of carbon dioxide and heating. This reaction is followed by fdtration and striping of the volatile solvents from the product.

[0004] Worldwide demand for bio-lubricants is increasing due to changes in government regulations as well as expanded environmental awareness and sustainability by the public. For example, in 2013, the United States Environmental Protection Agency issued a Vessel General Permit (VGP), which mandates that vessels greater than 79 feet in length that enter U.S. waters use environmentally acceptable lubricants (EAL) in all oil-to-sea interfaces. Other programs also promote environmentally friendly products, including EU Ecolabel, Blue Angel, EcoMark and Nordic Swan, among others.

[0005] For instance, the EU Ecolabel is a globally renowned certification program for products and services that demonstrate environmental quality based on standardized processes and scientific evidence. The program requires multi-criteria that tackles key environmental impacts of products along their entire life cycle from rawmaterials extraction to disposal. EU Ecolabel has a broad scope of products groups and criteria tailored to address each product category. In particular, the product criteria for EU Ecolabel Lubricants is designed to decrease negative impacts on biodiversity and avoids use of hazardous substances. To be awarded, the EU Ecolabel license and logo use, the established criteria for the lubricant category must be met. For instance, the product must be readily biodegradable with a renewable content and acceptable technical performance. Further, the product must exclude hazardous chemicals and also limit toxicity and bioaccumulation in aquatic life.

[0006] Specifically, the EU Ecolabel award empowers sustainable options and green products while minimizing use of harmful chemicals and emissions into water and preventing toxicity for aquatic life. For instance, aquatic toxicity requirements include OECD 201 (i.e., Freshwater Alga and Cyanobacteria, Growth Inhibition Test, an acute toxicity study that determines the effect of chemicals on the growth of freshwater microalgae and cyanobacteria); OECD 202 (i.e., Daphnia sp. acute immobilization tests, an acute toxicity test to assess effects of chemicals on daphnids); OECD 209 (i.e., Effects of chemicals on microorganisms from activated sludge from waste water treatment plants); OECD 236 (i.e., Fish Embryo Acute Toxicity Test, used to determine acute toxicity of chemicals on embryonic stages of fish); and OECD 301B (i.e., a methods for testing chemicals for ready biodegradability in an aerobic aqueous medium by carbon dioxide evolution that was adopted in July 1992).

[0007] Therefore, there exists an ongoing need for novel detergents and their resultant lubricant compositions to provide desired sustainable solutions in order to meet environmental standards and achieve desirable carbon neutral goals. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides detergent compositions that meet these standards as well as processes to prepare the detergent compositions. Lubricant and grease compositions are also provided.

[0008] The detergent compositions of the present disclosure provide several benefits compared to the current state of the art. For example, the detergent compositions can be synthetic and / or hydrocarbon-based. Further, the detergent compositions can bebio-based and / or bio-derived as well as biogenic and biodegradable. Importantly, the detergent compositions are nontoxic and can be NSF HX-1 registered for incidental food contact. Finally, the detergent compositions desirably have a total base number (TBN) of at least 400 mg KOH / g.

[0009] Other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description. It should be understood, however, that the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating specific embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] Various embodiments of the invention are described herein as follows.

[0011] In an illustrative aspect, a detergent composition is provided. The detergent composition comprises an alkaline earth metal sulfonate.

[0012] In an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is selected from the group consisting of a calcium sulfonate, a magnesium sulfonate, and a barium sulfonate. In an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a calcium sulfonate. In an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a magnesium sulfonate. In an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a barium sulfonate.

[0013] In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 400 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 405 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 410 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 415 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 420 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 425 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 430 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 435 mg KOH / g. In anembodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 440 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 445 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 450 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 455 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 460 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 465 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 470 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 475 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 480 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 485 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 490 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 495 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 500 mg KOH / g.

[0014] In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 510 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 520 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 530 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 540 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 550 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 560 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 570 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 580 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 590 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 600 mg KOH / g.

[0015] In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 610 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 620 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 630 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 640 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 650 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 660 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 670 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 680 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 690 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 700 mg KOH / g.

[0016] In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 710 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 720 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 730 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 740 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 750 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 760 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 770 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 780 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 790 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 800 mg KOH / g.

[0017] In an embodiment, the detergent composition comprises biogenic carbon. As used herein, a biogenic carbon can refer to a renewable carbon, and / or a carbon that is not fossil-fuel based. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 50-80%. In anembodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 55-70%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 55-69%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 55- 65%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 55-60%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 60-69%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 65-69%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 70-75%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 75-80%.

[0018] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is overbased. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is synthetic. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is hydrocarbon-based. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is biobased.

[0019] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is bio-derived. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is biogenic. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is biodegradable.

[0020] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is nontoxic. In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 201. In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 202. In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 209. In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 236. In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 301B.

[0021] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is non -bioaccumulative. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is oil soluble. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is not derived from petroleum. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is not derived from a synthetic hydrocarbon base oil, for instance one that is not readily biodegradable. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is NSF HX-1 registered.

[0022] In an illustrative aspect, a further detergent composition is provided. The detergent composition comprises a sodium sulfonate.

[0023] In an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is selected from the group consisting of a calcium sulfonate, a magnesium sulfonate, and a barium sulfonate.In an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a calcium sulfonate. In an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a magnesium sulfonate. In an embodiment, the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a barium sulfonate.

[0024] In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 400 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 405 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 410 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 415 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 420 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 425 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 430 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 435 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 440 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 445 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 450 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 455 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 460 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 465 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 470 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 475 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 480 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 485 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 490 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 495 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 500 mg KOH / g.

[0025] In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 510 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 520 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 530 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 540 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 550 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 560 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 570 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 580 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 590 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 600 mg KOH / g.

[0026] In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 610 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 620 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 630 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 640 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 650 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 660 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 670 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 680 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 690 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 700 mg KOH / g.

[0027] In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 710 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 720 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergentcomposition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 730 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 740 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 750 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 760 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 770 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 780 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 790 mg KOH / g. In an embodiment, the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 800 mg KOH / g.

[0028] In an embodiment, the detergent composition comprises biogenic carbon. As used herein, a biogenic carbon can refer to a renewable carbon, and / or a carbon that is not fossil-fuel based. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 50-80%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 55-70%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 55-69%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 55- 65%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 55-60%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 60-69%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 65-69%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 70-75%. In an embodiment, the biogenic carbon is present at 75-80%.

[0029] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is overbased. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is synthetic. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is hydrocarbon-based. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is biobased.

[0030] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is bio-derived. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is biogenic. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is biodegradable.

[0031] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is nontoxic. In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 201 . In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 202. In anembodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 209. In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 236. In an embodiment, the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 30 IB.

[0032] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is non-bioaccumulative. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is oil soluble. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is not derived from petroleum. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is not derived from a synthetic hydrocarbon base oil. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is NSF HX-1 registered.

[0033] In an illustrative aspect, a lubricant composition is provided. The lubricant composition comprises a detergent composition of any one of the described embodiments herein.

[0034] In an illustrative aspect, a grease composition is provided. The grease composition comprises a detergent composition of any one of the described embodiments herein.

[0035] In an illustrative aspect, a process for preparing a detergent composition is provided. The process comprises the step of reacting i) an alkybenzene sulfonic acid, ii) a solvent, iii) an oil, iv) a metallic base, v) a promoter, and vi) carbon dioxide to provide the detergent composition.

[0036] In an embodiment, the alkybenzene sulfonic acid is substantially free of fossil oils. In an embodiment, the solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent. In an embodiment, the promotor is methanol, or propylene glycol, or 12HSA, or water.

[0037] In an embodiment, the oil is biodegradable, optionally readily biodegradable. In an embodiment, the oil is biogenic. In an embodiment, the oil is renewable. In an embodiment, the oil is a hydrocarbon oil.

[0038] In an embodiment, the oil is a synthetic oil. In an embodiment, the synthetic oil is from a naturally derived feedstock. In an embodiment, the synthetic oil is derived from a plant-based feedstock. In an embodiment, the synthetic oil is derived from soy. In an embodiment, the synthetic oil is derived from palm kernel. In anembodiment, the synthetic oil is derived from rapeseed. In an embodiment, the synthetic oil is derived from farnesene.

[0039] In an embodiment, the metallic base is a carbonate. In an embodiment, the metallic base is a calcium carbonate.

[0040] In an embodiment, the process is performed at room temperature. In an embodiment, the process is performed at a temperature under 80 °F. In an embodiment, the process is performed at a temperature under 90 °F. In an embodiment, the process is performed at a temperature under 100 °F. In an embodiment, the process is performed at a temperature under 110 °F. In an embodiment, the process is performed at a temperature under 120 °F. In an embodiment, the process is performed at a temperature under 130 °F. In an embodiment, the process is performed at a temperature under 140 °F.

[0041] In an embodiment, the detergent composition is any of the detergent compositions as described herein.

[0042] In an illustrative aspect, a detergent composition prepared by any of the processes as described herein is provided. In an embodiment, the detergent composition is any of the detergent compositions as described herein.

[0043] The following numbered embodiments are contemplated and are nonlimiting:1. A detergent composition comprising an alkaline earth metal sulfonate.2. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is selected from the group consisting of a calcium sulfonate, a magnesium sulfonate, and a barium sulfonate.3. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a calcium sulfonate.4. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a magnesium sulfonate.5. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a barium sulfonate.6. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 400 mg KOH / g.7. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 405 mg KOH / g.8. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 410 mg KOH / g.9. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 415 mg KOH / g.10. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 420 mg KOH / g.11. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 425 mg KOH / g.12. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 430 mg KOH / g.13. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 435 mg KOH / g.14. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 440 mg KOH / g.15. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 445 mg KOH / g.16. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 450 mg KOH / g.17. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 455 mg KOH / g.18. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 460 mg KOH / g.19. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 465 mg KOH / g.20. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 470 mg KOH / g.21. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 475 mg KOH / g.22. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 480 mg KOH / g.23. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 485 mg KOH / g.24. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 490 mg KOH / g.25. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 495 mg KOH / g.26. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 500 mg KOH / g.27. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 510 mg KOH / g.28. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 520 mg KOH / g.29. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 530 mg KOH / g.30. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 540 mg KOH / g.31. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 550 mg KOH / g.32. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 560 mg KOH / g.33. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 570 mg KOH / g.34. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 580 mg KOH / g.35. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 590 mg KOH / g.36. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 600 mg KOH / g.37. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 610 mg KOH / g.38. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 620 mg KOH / g.39. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 630 mg KOH / g.40. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 640 mg KOH / g.41. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 650 mg KOH / g.42. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 660 mg KOH / g.43. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 670 mg KOH / g.44. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 680 mg KOH / g.45. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 690 mg KOH / g.46. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 700 mg KOH / g.47. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 710 mg KOH / g.48. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 720 mg KOH / g.49. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 730 mg KOH / g.50. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 740 mg KOH / g.51. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 750 mg KOH / g.52. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 760 mg KOH / g.53. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 770 mg KOH / g.54. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 780 mg KOH / g.55. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 790 mg KOH / g.56. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 800 mg KOH / g.57. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition comprises biogenic carbon.58. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 50-80%.59. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-70%.60. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-69%.61. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-65%.62. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-60%.63. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 60-69%.64. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 65-69%.65. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 70-75%.66. The detergent composition of clause 57, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 75-80%.67. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is overbased.68. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is synthetic.69. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is hydrocarbon-based.70. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is bio-based.71. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is bio-derived.72. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is biogenic.Ti. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is biodegradable.74. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is nontoxic.75. The detergent composition of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 201.76. The detergent composition of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 202.77. The detergent composition of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 209.78. The detergent composition of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 236.79. The detergent composition of clause 74, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 301B.80. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is non- bioaccumulative.81. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is oil soluble.82. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is not derived from petroleum.83. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is not derived from a synthetic hydrocarbon base oil.84. The detergent composition of clause 1, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is NSF HX-1 registered.85. A detergent composition comprising a sodium sulfonate.86. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 400 mg KOH / g.87. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 405 mg KOH / g.88. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 410 mg KOH / g.89. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 415 mg KOH / g.90. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 420 mg KOH / g.91. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 425 mg KOH / g.92. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 430 mg KOH / g.93. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 435 mg KOH / g.94. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 440 mg KOH / g.95. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 445 mg KOH / g.96. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 450 mg KOH / g.97. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 455 mg KOH / g.98. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 460 mg KOH / g.99. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 465 mg KOH / g.100. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 470 mg KOH / g.101. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 475 mg KOH / g.102. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 480 mg KOH / g.103. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 485 mg KOH / g.104. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 490 mg KOH / g.105. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 495 mg KOH / g.106. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 500 mg KOH / g.107. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 510 mg KOH / g.108. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 520 mg KOH / g.109. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 530 mg KOH / g.110. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 540 mg KOH / g.111. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 550 mg KOH / g.112. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 560 mg KOH / g.113. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 570 mg KOH / g.114. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 580 mg KOH / g.115. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 590 mg KOH / g.116. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 600 mg KOH / g.117. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 610 mg KOH / g.118. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 620 mg KOH / g.119. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 630 mg KOH / g.120. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 640 mg KOH / g.121. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 650 mg KOH / g.122. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 660 mg KOH / g.123. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 670 mg KOH / g.124. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 680 mg KOH / g.125. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 690 mg KOH / g.126. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 700 mg KOH / g.127. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 710 mg KOH / g.128. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 720 mg KOH / g.129. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 730 mg KOH / g.130. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 740 mg KOH / g.131. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 750 mg KOH / g.132. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 760 mg KOH / g.133. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 770 mg KOH / g.134. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 780 mg KOH / g.135. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 790 mg KOH / g.136. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 800 mg KOH / g.137. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition comprises biogenic carbon.138. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 50-80%.139. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-70%.140. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-69%.141. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-65%.142. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-60%.143. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 60-69%.144. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 65-69%.145. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 70-75%.146. The detergent composition of clause 137, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 75-80%.147. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is overbased.148. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is synthetic.149. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is hydrocarbon-based.150. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is bio-based.151. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is bio-derived.152. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is biogenic.153. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is biodegradable.154. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is nontoxic.155. The detergent composition of clause 154, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 201.156. The detergent composition of clause 154, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 202.157. The detergent composition of clause 154, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 209.158. The detergent composition of clause 154, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 236.159. The detergent composition of clause 154, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the nontoxic detergent composition complies with OCED 301B.160. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is non- bioaccumulative.161. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is oil soluble.162. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is not derived from petroleum.163. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is not derived from a synthetic hydrocarbon base oil.164. The detergent composition of clause 85, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is NSF HX-1 registered.165. A lubricant composition comprising the detergent composition of any one of clauses 1 to 164.166. A grease composition comprising the detergent composition of any one of claims clauses 1 to 164.167. A process for preparing a detergent composition, the process comprising the step of reacting i) an alkybenzene sulfonic acid, ii) a solvent, iii) an oil, iv) a metallic base, v) a promoter, and vi) carbon dioxide to provide the detergent composition.168. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the alkybenzene sulfonic acid is substantially free of fossil oils.169. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent.170. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the promotor is methanol, or propylene glycol, or 12HSA, or water.171. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the oil is biodegradable.172. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the oil is biogenic.173. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the oil is renewable.174. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the oil is a hydrocarbon oil.175. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the oil is a synthetic oil.176. The process of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synthetic oil is from a naturally derived feedstock.177. The process of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synthetic oil is derived from a plant-based feedstock.178. The process of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synthetic oil is derived from soy.179. The process of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synthetic oil is derived from palm kernel.180. The process of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synthetic oil is derived from rapeseed.181. The process of clause 175, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the synthetic oil is derived from farnesene.182. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the oil is a plant-based hydrocarbon oil.183. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the metallic base is a carbonate.184. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the process is performed at room temperature.185. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the process is performed at a temperature under 80 °F.186. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the process is performed at a temperature under 90 °F.187. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the process is performed at a temperature under 100 °F.188. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the process is performed at a temperature under 110 °F.189. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the process is performed at a temperature under 120 °F.190. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the process is performed at a temperature under 130 °F.191. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the process is performed at a temperature under 140 °F.192. The process of clause 167, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is the detergent composition of any one of clauses 1 to 164.193. A detergent composition prepared by the process of any one of clauses to 167 to 192.194. The detergent composition of clause 193, any other suitable clause, or any combination of suitable clauses, wherein the detergent composition is the detergent composition of any one of clauses 1 to 164.EXAMPLESEXAMPLE 1Exemplary Preparation of Detergent Compositions

[0044] A synthetic, renewable, plant-based hydrocarbon base oil was mixed with alkylated benzene sulfonic acid (molecular weight between 425-650 in a light hydrocarbon solvent (e.g., heptane) and then slowly mixed in a reaction vessel. The mixture was stirred at room temperature and solid Ca(OH)2 (or metal oxide / hydroxide) was added. Then CO2 was added to begin the reaction and the CO2 feed continued until the total amount of CO2 was more than 85% of the amount required to react with the solid Ca(OH)2.

[0045] After the reaction was complete, an activated adsorbent was added to the CO2 mixture and filtered to separate any unreacted Ca(OH)2 solids from the overbased calcium sulfonate that was formed. Thereafter, the sulfonate product was stripped to remove volatile hydrocarbon solvent and to recover the overbased calcium sulfonate (or metal sulfonate). The TBN value was confirmed according to ASTM D2896

[0046] The procedure was validated with several base oil examples and the results of the biogenic carbon of each example. For instance, detergent compositions comprised biogenic carbon content of up to 69% after being formed according to the instant example.EXAMPLE 2Exemplary Preparation of a Detergent Composition Comprising Calcium Sulfonate

[0047] In the instant example, an exemplary detergent composition comprising calcium sulfonate was prepared. Table 1 shows the ingredients that were reacted in the instant example:Table 1

[0048] For the instant example, a plant-based hydrocarbon base oil (121.65 g) was mixed with synthetic alkyl sulfonic acid (molecular weight between 425-650) in a light hydrocarbon solvent (e.g., heptane) and then slowly mixed in a reaction vessel. The mixture was charged with calcium hydroxide (117.87 g) and methanol (24 g).

[0049] The mixture was slowly agitated at room temperature and no pressure was utilized. Carbon dioxide was then added through a sparger to begin the carbonation reaction at a rate of 220 milliliters / minute for a 300 g batch yield size, until the total amount of CO2 added exceeded 85% of the amount required to react with the solid Ca(OH)2 (approximately 120 minutes). After the reaction was complete, an activatedadsorbent was added to the CO2 mixture and filtered to separate the unreacted Ca(0H)2 solids from the calcium sulfonate that was formed.

[0050] The calcium sulfonate product then was stripped of residual volatile hydrocarbon solvent by heating the mixture to 300°F. A clear, pale-yellow syrup fluid was recovered. The overbased calcium sulfonate product was evaluated to have a Total Base Number (TBN) of 436 m / KOH according to ASTM D2896 and comprised 65% biogenic carbon as measured by ASTM6866. The overbased calcium sulfonate product was also biodegradable according to OECD 301B, with a biodegradability value of 13.01%.

[0051] The overbased calcium sulfonate product was tested to have the following characteristics, as shown in Table 2:Table 2EXAMPLE 3Exemplary Preparation of a Detergent Composition Comprising Magnesium Sulfonate

[0052] In the instant example, an exemplary detergent composition comprising magnesium sulfonate was prepared. Table 3 shows the ingredients that were reacted in the instant example:Table 3

[0053] Aristonic sulfonic acids 8800 (30 g) and 4600 (20 g), the plant-based hydrocarbon oil (76.5 g), heptane (137 g), and magnesium oxide (33 g) were added to the reaction vessel. The reagents were slowly mixed until homogeneous in appearance and methanol in water (8 g / 4 g) was then added. The reaction was slowly agitated while heating to 120°F. After the temperature was reached, acetic acid (5.2 g) was added to the vessel before immediately feeding carbon dioxide through a dispersion tube at a flow rate of 110 mL / min. Carbonation was continuous for 155 minutes during which equal amounts of methanol in water (8 g / 8 g) was added at the reaction at 40 minutes interval and again at the 80 minutes interval with a ratio of 8g / 4g.

[0054] Throughout the reaction process, the temperature was held between 125°F to 135°F. After the reaction was complete, an activated absorbent filter aid was added to the mixture. The mixture was filtered before the volatile components of the remaining product were stripped by heating to 300 °F.

[0055] A clear dark, syrup-like fluid was recovered, resulting in a renewable amorphous magnesium sulfonate product with a TBN > 400 mg KOH / g according to ASTM D2896. Biogenic carbon content of the magnesium sulfonate product was 62% according to ASTM6866 and biodegradability was measured to be approximately 12% according to OECD 30 IB.

[0056] The magnesium sulfonate product was used as a rust preventative additive at 0.5% in a synthetic base oil and this mixture was tested for rust properties according to ASTM D 665 A and B. The results were comparable to commercially available overbased magnesium sulfonates currently used as rust inhibiting additives in the lubricants industry.

[0057] The overbased magnesium sulfonate product was tested to have the following characteristics, as shown in Table 4:Table 4EXAMPLE 4Exemplary Preparation of a Grease Composition Comprising a Detergent Composition Comprising Calcium Sulfonate

[0058] In the instant example, an exemplary grease composition comprising a detergent composition comprising calcium sulfonate was prepared. The detergent composition comprising calcium sulfonate was used in the instant example to prepare agrease composition. Table 5 shows the ingredients that were reacted in the instant example:Table 5

[0059] First, 42 g of the plant base oil was charged with the detergent composition comprising calcium sulfonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, and 12 hydroxy stearic acid. (12-HSA). This was mixed at room temperature for 10 minutes. Then, the mixture was heated to 45 °C. The heated mixture was charged with sulfonic acid (75X) and mixed for 5 minutes. Then, acetic acid propylene glycol was added to the mixture and heated to 75°C, followed by addition of 10% water,

[0060] The temperature of the mixture was gradually increased to 90-95 °C and the reaction was held for at least one hour before confirming conversion of the amorphous calcium to a calcite by FTIR at 882cm'1. The resultant grease composition had a smooth, light cream and thick appearance. The remaining base oil was added to the mixture and the temperature was slowly increased to 150 °C and the remaining 12-HSAwas added and mixed for 30 minutes. The grease was then heated to 170 °C before completing the reaction.EXAMPLE 5Exemplary Preparation of a Detergent Composiion Comprising Calcium Alkylated Naphthalene Sulfonate

[0061] In the instant example, an exemplary detergent composition from alkylated naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANSA) was prepared. Table 6 shows the ingredients that were reacted in the instant example:Table 6

[0062] For the instant example, a plant-based hydrocarbon base oil, (121.65 g) was mixed with the alkylated naphthalene sulfonic acid (molecular weight 425-650), in a light hydrocarbon solvent (heptane) and slowly mixed in a reaction vessel. The mixture was charged with calcium hydroxide (117.87 g) and methanol (24 g). The mixture was slowly agitated while adding heat at 120-140 °F and no pressure was utilized.

[0063] Carbon dioxide was then added through a sparger to begin the carbonation reaction at a rate of 220 milliliters / minute for a 300 g batch yield size, until the total amount of CO2 added exceeded more than 85% of the amount required to react with the solid Ca(OH)2 (approximately 90-120 minutes). After the reaction was complete, an activated adsorbent was added to the CO2 mixture and filtered to separate the unreactedCa(0H)2 solids from the formed amorphous overbased calcium sulfonate product. The calcium sulfonate product was stripped of residual volatile hydrocarbon solvent by heating the mixture to 300 °F.EXAMPLE 6Exemplary Detergent Composition Products

[0064] In the instant example, various detergent composition products were produced. Briefly, Products 5-13 as described below were synthesized in the same reaction vessel as described in Example 2 herein.

[0065] The procedure described in Example 2 was modified to use different types of base oils for the carbonation reactions. As seen from the results reported in Table 7 below, Products 5-13 were analyzed to have various biogenic carbon contents and biodegradability. When the base oil used for OBCS reaction was a mixture of highly renewable base oil and highly biodegradable PAO, the resulted OBCS exhibited a high biogenic carbon content of 55% and a biodegradability of 16%. When the percentage of renewable oil was decreased, the biogenic carbon content of the resulted OBCS also decreased.

[0066] When a group IV base oil (synthetic PAO base) was utilized in Products 7 and 8, the resultant OBCS were shown to have no biogenic carbon and were not biodegradable. The same result was observed for Group I and III mineral oils and for synthetic adipate esters, each of which demonstrated zero biogenic carbon content.

[0067] However, the adipate ester (Synative ES DPHA) was shown to be readily biodegradable (> 90%) but not renewable and thus contributed significantly to the total biodegradability of the overbased sulfonates as shown by Products 9, 12, and 13 (without being bound by any theory, expected to have results between 16-38%). As demonstrated by Products 12 and 13, mixtures of renewable base oil and synthetic ester can be used to develop a renewable and biodegradable synthesis of OBCS greater than 400 mg KOH / g. The success of blending the plant base oils with PAO or ester provided flexibility whichcan provide renewability and biodegradability of synthetic overbased metal sulfonates that can be further modified.Table 7Table 7 (continued)

Claims

CLAIMS1. A detergent composition comprising an alkaline earth metal sulfonate.

2. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is selected from the group consisting of a calcium sulfonate, a magnesium sulfonate, and a barium sulfonate.

3. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a calcium sulfonate.

4. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a magnesium sulfonate.

5. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a barium sulfonate.

6. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 400 mg KOH / g.

7. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 405 mg KOH / g.

8. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 410 mg KOH / g.

9. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 415 mg KOH / g.

10. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 420 mg KOH / g.

11. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 425 mg KOH / g.

12. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 430 mg KOH / g.

13. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 435 mg KOH / g.

14. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 440 mg KOH / g.

15. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 445 mg KOH / g.

16. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 450 mg KOH / g.

17. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition comprises biogenic carbon.

18. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 50-80%.

19. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-70%.

20. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-69%.

21. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-65%.

22. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 55-60%.

23. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 60-69%.

24. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 65-69%.

25. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 70-75%.

26. The detergent composition of claim 17, wherein the biogenic carbon is present at 75-80%.

27. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is overbased.

28. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is synthetic.

29. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is hydrocarbon-based.

30. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is bio-based.

31. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is bio-derived.

32. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is biogenic.

33. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is biodegradable.

34. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is nontoxic.

35. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is non-bioaccumulative.

36. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is oil soluble.

37. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is not derived from petroleum.

38. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is not derived from a synthetic hydrocarbon base oil.

39. The detergent composition of claim 1, wherein the detergent composition is NSF HX-1 registered.

40. A detergent composition comprising an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a calcium sulfonate or a magnesium sulfonate,wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 400 mg KOH / g, wherein the detergent composition comprises biogenic carbon at 55-69%, wherein the detergent composition is overbased, and wherein the detergent composition is bio-based.

41. A detergent composition comprising an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, wherein the alkaline earth metal sulfonate is a calcium sulfonate, wherein the detergent composition has a total base number (TBN) of at least 410 mg KOH / g, wherein the detergent composition comprises biogenic carbon of at least 55, wherein the detergent composition is overbased, and wherein the detergent composition is bio-based.

42. A lubricant composition comprising the detergent composition of claim 41.

43. A grease composition comprising the detergent composition of claim 41.

44. A process for preparing a detergent composition, the process comprising the step of reacting i) an alkybenzene sulfonic acid, ii) a solvent, iii) an oil, iv) a metallic base, v) a promoter, and vi) carbon dioxide to provide the detergent composition.

45. The process of claim 44, wherein the alkybenzene sulfonic acid is substantially free of fossil oils.

46. The process of claim 44, wherein the oil is biodegradable.

47. The process of claim 44, wherein the oil is biogenic.

48. The process of claim 44, wherein the oil is renewable.

49. The process of claim 44, wherein the oil is a hydrocarbon oil.

50. The process of claim 44, wherein the oil is a synthetic oil.

51. The process of claim 44, wherein the oil is a plant -based hydrocarbon oil.

52. The process of claim 44, wherein the process is performed at room temperature.

53. The process of claim 44, wherein the process is performed at a temperature under 80 °F.

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