Alternative internal combustion engine

Abstract

The present invention relates to an alternative internal combustion engine characterised in that it comprises a cylinder-alternator unit connected to a tank containing any liquid or oil combined with a gasoline content comprised between 10% and 30% of the total content of the mixture contained in the tank and a magnetohydrodynamic exchanger configured such that the exhaust gases of the cylinder-alternator unit enter an external pipe of the exchanger. Said gases form a turbulent helical flow in the direction opposite the turbulent helical flow of the pre-processed gases that circulate in an inner pipe of the exchanger, thereby processing a pre-processed gas obtained in the tank before entering the cylinder-alternator unit.

Description

[0001] A reciprocating internal combustion engine

[0002] Description

[0003] The present invention relates to an alternative internal combustion engine that implements a magnetohydrodynamic exchanger.

[0004] A magnetohydrodynamic heat exchanger operates on a production basis thanks to the reuse of waste heat and the behavior of helical gas flows in the same and opposite directions as an inductive coil, providing specific and special qualities to any gas with a predominance of hydrogen in its molecules, to produce a high-quality fuel for the operation of the internal combustion engine.

[0005] Several terms are used in this specification that need to be clarified. For example, "mesomerism" or "chemical resonance" is a tool used to represent certain types of molecular structures. Resonance consists of the linear combination of theoretical structures of a molecule (resonant or resonance structures) that do not coincide with the actual structure, but which, through their combination, bring us closer to its true structure. The effect is used qualitatively and describes the electron-withdrawing or electron-releasing properties of substituents, based on relevant resonant structures. It is symbolized by the letter R or M (sometimes also by the letter K). The resonant or mesomeric effect is negative (-R / -M) when the substituent is an electron-withdrawing group, and the effect is positive (+R / +M) when, from resonance, the substituent is an electron-donating group.

[0006] The net flow of electrons to or from the substituent is also determined by the inductive effect. The mesomeric effect resulting from p orbital overlap (resonance) has no effect on this inductive effect, since the inductive effect is related exclusively to the electronegativity of the atoms and their structural chemistry (which atoms are connected to which).

[0007] Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is a branch of physics that studies the behavior of conducting fluids, such as plasmas, under the influence of magnetic fields. Some of the basic concepts of MHD as employed in the present invention are summarized below.

[0008] A plasma is a state of matter in which atoms or molecules have become ionized, that is, they have lost or gained electrons, thus creating electrically charged particles called ions and free electrons. Plasmas are electrical conductors and respond to the influence of magnetic fields. The MHD equations are a set of equations that describe the behavior of a magnetized plasma. These equations combine the conservation equations of hydrodynamics (fluid flow) with the equations of electromagnetism (magnetic field) to account for magnetic interactions in the plasma. The MHD equations include the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy. These equations describe how the density, velocity, pressure, and energy of the plasma vary in time and space.

[0009] The magnetic induction equation describes how the magnetic field changes over time due to the motion of the plasma and the electric currents induced within it. The magnetic induction equation is based on Earaday's Law and Ampere's Law, modified to include the effects of electrical conduction in the plasma.

[0010] Conductivity is a measure of how easily electrons can move through a plasma. In MHD, plasma conductivity is an important parameter, as it determines how efficiently magnetic fields are transmitted through the plasma. A highly conductive plasma allows for greater magnetic influence.

[0011] Special mention should be made of the "Alfvén waves" and the "Alfvén velocity." Alfvén waves are perturbations in the magnetic field that propagate through the plasma. These waves are present in MHD systems and are crucial for energy transport and mass transfer in plasma. The Alfvén velocity, on the other hand, represents the speed at which magnetic perturbations propagate through the plasma. The Alfvén velocity depends on the plasma density and the magnetic field strength and is defined as the square root of the ratio of the magnetic pressure to the plasma density.

[0012] More specifically, an Alfvén wave is a type of low-frequency electromagnetic wave that propagates along magnetic field lines in a plasma, which is an ionized gas composed of electrically charged particles.

[0013] Alfvén waves propagate in a magnetized plasma and depend on the interaction between the magnetic field and charged particles. Unlike sound waves, which require a material medium to propagate, Alfvén waves can propagate in a vacuum as long as a plasma is present. On the other hand, Alfvén waves are composed primarily of oscillations of the magnetic field that are perpendicular to both the wave propagation direction and the static magnetic field. Furthermore, the charged particles present in the plasma also experience small oscillations around their equilibrium positions.

[0014] Alfvén waves have several distinctive features:

[0015] — Alfvén waves travel at a phase velocity determined by the properties of the plasma, such as its density and magnetic field. This phase velocity can be much greater than the speed of sound in the plasma.

[0016] — Alfvén waves are linearly polarized, meaning that the direction of oscillation of the magnetic field remains constant as the wave propagates.

[0017] — Alfvén waves do not disperse as they propagate in a plasma, unlike other waves, such as sound waves. This means they retain their shape and amplitude as they move away from their source.

[0018] US 2011 / 174277A1 describes a device for pretreating fuel to provide a fuel suitable for combustion in a fuel burning apparatus having a fuel inlet system and an exhaust system, the device comprising: a volatilization chamber for volatilizing the fuel in the volatilization chamber; a heated processor tube through which the volatilized fuel flows; a processor rod mounted in the processor tube around which the volatilized fuel flows as it flows through a reactor tube; a space between the processor rod and the heated processor tube through which the volatilized fuel flows forming a reaction zone thereby creating reacted fuel; and inlet means for directing the reacted fuel towards the inlet system of the fuel burning apparatus.

[0019] Document DE10124896A1 describes a method for the real-time generation of fuel gases for internal combustion engines and for pollutant reduction, characterized in that a portion of the exhaust air is directed to a tank via a special converter. The new gas-air mixture passes through the converter to the internal combustion engine and is available as fuel gas.

[0020] US2015 / 377189A1 describes a system for an engine that combusts a fuel carried by a fuel stream to produce power and an exhaust stream, the system comprising: a first casing entraining a first stream of a first type; and a second casing entraining a second stream of a second type and disposed within the first casing, wherein the second casing encloses an inner wall with surface features that are substantially large enough to be identifiable by the naked eye, and comprise a pattern of features selected from the group consisting of bumps, dimples, cavities, ridges, grooves, and wedges, wherein the enclosure of the second casing comprises pores large enough to allow at least a portion of the first stream to travel into the second casing.

[0021] The present invention relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine (CIIE) including a magnetohydrodynamic heat exchanger. It is an object of the present invention that the heat exchanger may be incorporated into any reciprocating internal combustion engine to reduce the emissions of said engine. This object is achieved by the system of claim 1. Other alternative embodiments and / or aspects of the invention are described in the claims directly or indirectly dependent on the claim.

[0022] Throughout the description and claims, the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical features, additives, components, or steps. For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will be apparent in part from the description and in part from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration and are not intended to restrict the present invention. Furthermore, the present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.

[0023] Below, a very brief description is given of a series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that are expressly related to an embodiment of said invention that is presented as a non-limiting example thereof.

[0024] Figure 1. Shows a diagram of the booster system that is the object of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2. Shows a representative diagram of the operation of the system of the invention.

[0026] Figure 3. Shows a diagram of the operation of the exchanger that is part of the system of the invention.

[0027] As can be seen in the attached figures, the present invention essentially comprises: a tank, a magnetohydrodynamic exchanger, a pre-processed and processed gas conduit system, and a cylinder-alternator assembly of the reciprocating internal combustion engine. Figures 1 and 2 show a diagram illustrating the operation of the system.

[0028] An alternative internal combustion engine typically comprises a pre-processed fuel intake inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. The system is configured to absorb the engine's exhaust gases, giving them properties of magnetism, frequency, entropy, and energy increase (temperature) through a first (external) tube made of a ferromagnetic material with North-South polarity. Said exhaust gases, after passing through the external tube of the exchanger, heat the fluid (as it passes through the internal ducts or coil inside the tank, which also comprises heat-dissipating fins) contained within a tank, causing a 10%-30% mixture with any other fluid to emulsify and become a pre-processed gas.

[0029] This pre-processed fuel generated in the tank passes through a second tube (inner to the first) made of an equally ferromagnetic material with a north-south polarity (although positioned opposite the outer tube) to the engine intake, where the pre-processed fuel obtained from the tank is processed. That is, the engine intake is connected to the inner tube to receive the pre-processed fuel, while the engine exhaust gas outlet is connected to the tank through the first or outer tube.

[0030] The tank structure consists of a circular path or inlet, with heat-dissipating fins, which transfer the heat from the engine exhaust gases to the fluid or fuel or fuel mixtures contained in the tank. The function of the tank and its morphology is to ensure that the heat produced by combustion is transferred in the most thermodynamically efficient manner. The helically rotating exhaust gases, with their resonant magnetic properties, transmit all their heat energy to the fluid, producing the pre-processed gas that flows through the second or inner tube, where a mesomeric magnetohydrodynamic (MHDM) effect occurs.

[0031] As best seen in Figure 3, the exhaust gases circulate through the outer tube in a clockwise (N / S) helically vortex, while the pre-processed gases also circulate counterclockwise in the inner tube. In other words, two turbulent gases circulate in opposite directions, rotating helically at a specific frequency and magnetism, because the tubes are ferromagnetic with opposite polarities. When the pre-processed gases, circulating turbulently in a helically vortex, reach the inner core (also made of ferromagnetic material), they are compressed, initially gently, and then more abruptly as they approach the center of the core.

[0032] The compressed pre-processed gases, when they reach the center of the core, decompress again suddenly and spontaneously. This sudden and spontaneous decompression generates the processed gases that fuel the engine, which are essentially hydrogen, oxygen, and more refined hydrocarbons, along with water vapor.

[0033] As indicated, the exchanger consists of an outer tube, an inner tube concentric with the outer tube, and a core with an essentially cylindrical profile housed internally and concentrically in the central area of ​​the inner tube. These elements, as indicated, are made of a ferromagnetic material with the following polarities:

[0034] External tube: S / N polarity

[0035] Inner tube: N / S polarity

[0036] Core: S / N polarity

[0037] In general, the polarities of the outer and inner tubes must be opposite. The polarity of the core must be opposite to that of the inner tube, i.e., equal to that of the outer tube.

[0038] Furthermore, the intercooler must be tilted between the tank and the exhaust outlet. This tilt has been determined to be optimal within the range of 15°-20°, although other, lesser or greater tilts are acceptable, though not optimal. Furthermore, the exhaust gas outlet area in the engine must be greater than the area of ​​the outer tube minus the area of ​​the inner tube.

[0039] It is important to note that the exhaust gases enter the outer tube of the exchanger through a 90° elbow, which facilitates the helical and turbulent rotation of the exhaust gas in a clockwise direction.

[0040] Thus, the tank of the invention can have a highly variable content, such as, for example, and not limited to, any liquid or oil combined with a gasoline content between 10% and 30% of the total content of the mixture housed in the tank. The mixture added to the tank will bubble upon impact with the hot exhaust gases and produce a gasification of different gases depending on the liquids or oils added to the tank along with the gasoline.

[0041] At initial startup, the combustion process is produced exclusively by the gases generated by the gasoline, because the mixture in the tank is not yet hot enough to generate the pre-processed gas. As time passes (which will depend on the engine and tank, but approximately 30 seconds), the mixture contained in the tank and the pre-processed complex mixture in the tank are gasified toward the inner tube. Furthermore, CO2 is injected into the tank from the engine's EGR system (exhaust gas recirculation system). The EGR valve will inject CO2 primarily into the mixture to be combusted inside the tank, as it is important for improving MHDM hydrolysis, as it makes the heat exchanger work more efficiently.

[0042] The tank is completed with an air intake for combustion enhancement (AFR). The air-fuel ratio is optimally set by a valve installed in the tank and in direct contact with the emulsified mixture.

[0043] The heat exchanger is the essential part of the invention. This heat exchanger is made up of two concentric tubes, an outer tube and an inner tube, inside which there is a solid core, and which are subjected to an electromagnetic field with north-south (N / S) polarity. In the heat exchanger, the exhaust gases circulate helically in a vortex in a clockwise direction (N / S), and the pre-processed gases also circulate in the same manner, but counterclockwise. Ultimately, the heat exchanger is made up of two gas coils rotating in opposite directions, subjected to a magnetic field and a specific frequency.

[0044] Well, the preprocessed gases travel through the inner tube toward the core, and this is when the MHDM phenomenon occurs. These gases, when they hit the core, begin a gentle compression that becomes very abrupt near the center of the core. Upon reaching the center, a radical and spontaneous change occurs, and the preprocessed gases abruptly decompose into processed gases, particularly hydrogen, oxygen, refined hydrocarbons, and water vapor.

[0045] The operation of the exchanger is as follows:

[0046] First, the exhaust gases flow into the outer tube (of the heat exchanger), which is made of ferromagnetic material, and rotate in a clockwise "helical vortex" along its entire length, in a north-south direction, forming an ionic flow coil (stator function) with respect to the inner tube. These gases heat the fluid inside the tank, producing the bubbling necessary to emulsify the mixture and produce a pre-processed gas.

[0047] Secondly, these pre-processed gases are directed towards the inner tube, whose remanent magnetism is arranged in the opposite position to the outer tube, in the form of a counter-clockwise helical vortex, forming an ionic flow coil (rotor function) where the magnetic direction is N / S. In the inner tube, a negative pressure will be produced by the compression of the engine's cylinder-alternator assembly. A phenomenon called MHDM also occurs in the pre-processed gas, where the molecules will act under the properties of an inductive coil, amplifying the remanent magnetism due to the electromagnetic phenomena established in the Maxwell-Gauss laws. The gas processing takes place in the inner tube.

[0048] The solid core is constructed of a ferromagnetic material and features a pointed tip. The core is housed within the inner tube, with specific dimensions and geometry, which depend on the motor power. The motor's polarity is S / N, and produces a very abrupt compression and decompression of the complex preprocessed mixture in a small space, which coincides with the perfect center of the solid tube, the S / N direction, where the preprocessed gas becomes processed gas. This conversion is based on the mesomeric effect.

[0049] The transformation space or path is 1-2 mm in mixing pitch (i.e., the helical pitch), allowing the preprocessed gas molecules to decompose into a processed gas with simpler molecules. In the case of gases from the original fuel (e.g., gasoline), a much more refined, lighter, and volatile fuel is generated. In the case of water vapor, a certain amount of hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) are produced, improving the usable fuel potential. This is facilitated by the presence of CO2 (added to the tank through the EGR valve), a compound that acts to reduce the need for high temperatures for gas processing inside the exchanger.

[0050] It's worth noting that a small portion of the water vapor isn't hydrolyzed, which is useful in the combustion process, reducing volatility and ignition speed. This ensures good engine performance without the need for extraordinary modifications, such as adjusting the compression ratio (RC), adjusting ignition timing at TDC, or others. Furthermore, this amount of water vapor increases the work (W) per pressure in the engine cylinder, explained by the ideal gas laws PV = nRT.

[0051] Actually the processing of the obtained fuel mixture is the result of the MHDM favored by the increase in the temperature of the exhaust gases outlet, theoretically produced by the appearance of low frequency waves or Alfvén waves due to the rhythms of the 4 times of the engine operation that added to the magnetism produced by the helical and turbulent circulation of the intermittent flows of gases from the different passage areas (external and internal tube) of the exchanger and its particular magnetism produced, in addition to the remnant of the ferromagnetic materials used in said exchanger.

[0052] The wave propagates in the direction of the magnetic field, although waves occur at oblique incidence and smoothly change into a magnetosonic wave when propagation is perpendicular to the magnetic field. The motion of the ions and the perturbation of the magnetic field are in the same direction and transverse to the direction of propagation. The wave exhibits no dispersion.

[0053] It is the system of pre-processed and processed mixture ducts with their respective balancing elements to obtain a stable fuel flow, in addition to the inclusion of two fluid-gas decanters, which are configured as cylinders that balance the pressure and are a steam trap, one for pre-processing the mixture and another before the admission of the cylinder-alternator assembly, where there is also an air inlet to manage the AFR (air-fuel mixture) to obtain an ideal mixture for combustion.

[0054] Throughout the entire duct system, there is an adjustable pre-processed air inlet valve to promote AFR and cooling of the complex pre-processed mixture. This air inlet results in a lower inlet temperature to the heat exchanger, thus enhancing the thermal differential.

[0055] Thanks to this invention, the engine's fuel consumption is much more efficient and torque-stable. Fuel savings with this system exceed 80%.

[0056] The emission results are as follows: CO (0.001% vol.), CO2 (0.4% vol.), HC (hydrocarbons 0000 ppm), O2 (21.10% vol.)

Claims

Claims 1. A reciprocating internal combustion engine characterized in that it comprises: a cylinder-alternator assembly comprising: an exhaust gas outlet, and a gas intake inlet, a tank containing any liquid or oil combined with a gasoline content comprised between 10% and 30% of the total content of the mixture housed in the tank, where said tank comprises: an exhaust gas inlet from the cylinder-alternator assembly, and an outlet for pre-processed gases generated when the exhaust gases heat the fluids contained in the tank; where the structure of the tank consists of a circular path or connection, with dissipating fins, with which the heat of the engine exhaust gases is transmitted to the fluid or fuel or fuel mixtures contained in the tank;a magnetohydrodynamic exchanger comprising: a first external ferromagnetic tube with a specific polarity, which connects the exhaust gas outlet of the cylinder-alternator assembly with the exhaust gas inlet of the tank; a second internal ferromagnetic tube concentric with respect to the first external ferromagnetic tube, with a polarity opposite to that of the first tube, which connects the pre-processed gas outlet of the tank with the gas intake inlet of the cylinder-alternator assembly; and a solid cylindrical ferromagnetic core, arranged concentrically inside the central part of the second internal tube;where the magnetohydrodynamic exchanger is inclined between the tank and the exhaust outlet at an angle between 15° - 20°, such that the exhaust gases from the cylinder-alternator assembly enter the external tube of the exchanger forming a turbulent helical flow in the opposite direction to the turbulent helical flow of the pre-processed gases circulating in the internal tube of the exchanger, processing the pre-processed gas before its admission into the cylinder-alternator assembly.

2. The engine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the exhaust gases enter the external tube of the exchanger through an elbow with an angle of 90°, which facilitates the helical and turbulent rotation of the exhaust gas in a clockwise direction.

3. The engine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein CO2 is injected into the tank from the exhaust gas recirculation system, such that the EGR valve injects CO2 into the mixture to be combusted inside the tank.

4. The engine according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the tank comprises an air intake for improving combustion.

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