Manufacturing method for building member and building construction method

Abstract

Provided in the present invention are a manufacturing method for a building member and a building construction method. The manufacturing method for a building member comprises: preparing prefabricated floorslabs and an air conditioning device in a non-building construction site, wherein each prefabricated floorslab has a bottom-stay-in-place formwork, and the prefabricated floorslab can be subjected to on-site concrete pouring to create a floorslab; and the air conditioning device is mounted on the side of the bottom-stay-in-place formworks that faces a room to form the building member. By means of the manufacturing method for a building member provided in the embodiments of the present invention, the integration level of the building member is significantly improved, such that the transportation and hoisting efficiency of the building member is significantly improved; and an air conditioning device does not need to be integrally constructed on a construction site, that is, the method eliminates the need of manual constructions on the air conditioning device by professional installation workers after concrete pouring and setting and formwork removal on the construction site. The method can significantly reduce the number of constructors required on the construction site, reduce the on-site construction difficulty, and improve the quality of a building product.

Description

A method for manufacturing a building component and a construction method

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application is based on the Chinese patent application with application number 202311029048.0 and application date of August 15, 23, and claims the priority of the Chinese patent application. The entire content of the Chinese patent application is hereby introduced into this application as a reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of building technology, and in particular to a method for manufacturing a building component and a building construction method. Background Art

[0004] Existing prefabricated buildings still have a large number of on-site construction processes such as tying steel bars, setting up formwork, pouring structural concrete, and waiting for the concrete to set. For the air-conditioning equipment inside the prefabricated buildings, it is usually necessary to complete the above construction processes on site to form a complete building structure before the overall installation construction can be carried out. For example, after the concrete is set, the formwork is removed, and the air-conditioning equipment is installed inside the building by driving expansion screws into the surface of the concrete floor. Not only is the on-site construction efficiency low and requires a lot of manpower, but it is also limited by the professional level of the installers, and the quality of on-site assembly of the air-conditioning equipment is difficult to guarantee.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above problems, an object of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a building component and a construction method.

[0007] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a building component, comprising: preparing a prefabricated floor slab and air-conditioning equipment at a construction site, the prefabricated floor slab having a non-removal bottom formwork, and the prefabricated floor slab being capable of being formed into a floor slab by pouring concrete on site; and installing the air-conditioning equipment on a side of the non-removal bottom formwork facing the interior to form the building component.

[0008] Optionally, the air conditioning equipment is installed on the side of the non-removal bottom formwork facing the indoor room, including: using support brackets to fix the air conditioning equipment to the prefabricated floor slab, and the air conditioning equipment is located on the side of the non-removal bottom formwork facing the indoor room.

[0009] Optionally, the non-removal bottom formwork has a reserved hole; the air-conditioning equipment is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab by using the support bracket, and the air-conditioning equipment is located on the side of the non-removal bottom formwork facing the indoor room, including: allowing one end of the support bracket to pass through the reserved hole and be fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab; allowing the other end of the support bracket to be fixedly connected to the air-conditioning equipment, so that the air-conditioning equipment is located on the side of the non-removal bottom formwork facing the indoor room.

[0010] Optionally, before passing one end of the support bracket through the reserved hole and fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab, the method further includes: setting a steel beam on the side of the non-removal bottom formwork facing the outdoors, and the steel beam is used as a force support for the support bracket; passing one end of the support bracket through the reserved hole and fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab includes: passing one end of the support bracket through the reserved hole and fixedly connected to the steel beam.

[0011] Optionally, the prefabricated floor slab further has a steel truss, which is fixedly connected to the side of the non-removal bottom formwork facing the outdoors, and the steel truss is also fixedly connected to the steel beam.

[0012] Optionally, the air conditioning equipment includes: a fan coil unit or a fan.

[0013] Optionally, after installing the air conditioning equipment on the side of the non-removable bottom formwork facing the indoor room, the method further includes: installing the top interior components of the building component on the side of the air conditioning equipment away from the prefabricated floor and at a position not lower than a preset limit.

[0014] Optionally, the top interior components of the building components are installed at a position on the side of the air-conditioning equipment away from the prefabricated floor and not lower than a preset limit, including: installing the top interior components at a position not lower than 50 cm from the lower surface of the non-removable bottom formwork.

[0015] Optionally, the top interior component includes a suspended ceiling panel or a cement pressure panel.

[0016] Optionally, installing the top interior component of the building element includes: fixing the top interior component to the prefabricated floor slab by using a keel fixing method.

[0017] Optionally, the building component further includes a prefabricated wall, which can be formed into a structural wall by pouring concrete on site; before forming the building component, the method further includes: fixing the prefabricated wall to the prefabricated floor slab.

[0018] Optionally, the prefabricated wall has a non-disassembly formwork; after the prefabricated wall is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab, the method further comprises: installing interior wall components of the building element on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior.

[0019] Optionally, installing the wall interior components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior includes: installing the wall interior components on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior by dry construction, snap fastening, tongue and groove or keel fixing.

[0020] Optionally, the interior wall component includes an integrated wall panel.

[0021] Optionally, the building component further includes a prefabricated base plate; before forming the building component, the method further includes: fixedly connecting the prefabricated base plate to the prefabricated wall, and arranging the prefabricated floor slab opposite to and parallel to the prefabricated base plate.

[0022] Optionally, after the prefabricated bottom plate is fixedly connected to the prefabricated wall, the method further comprises: installing a bottom interior component of the building element on a side of the prefabricated bottom plate facing the interior.

[0023] Optionally, installing the bottom interior components of the building element on the side of the prefabricated base plate facing the interior includes: installing the bottom interior components on the side of the prefabricated base plate facing the interior by dry construction or wet pasting.

[0024] Optionally, the bottom interior component includes at least one of: wood veneer, facing bricks and precast concrete chassis.

[0025] Optionally, before forming the building component, the method further comprises: installing a protective component of the building component on a side of the prefabricated wall facing indoors, wherein the protective component is a lightweight partition wall.

[0026] Optionally, the enclosing components of the building components are installed on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior, including: installing the lightweight partition wall as an interior partition wall on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall, or the lightweight partition wall is a wall with a pre-set door frame or window frame.

[0027] Optionally, the enclosure components of the building components are installed on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior, including: using the lightweight partition wall and the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior to form a closed space, and using the closed space as an air shaft; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall.

[0028] Optionally, the lightweight partition wall and the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior are used to form a closed space, and the closed space is used as an air shaft, including: fixing at least one of the lightweight partition walls on the surfaces of two prefabricated walls facing the interior that are connected at the wall ends and have an angle, and enclosing to form a closed space as the air shaft.

[0029] Optionally, after the enclosed space is used as an air shaft, the method further comprises: setting an air duct inside the air shaft.

[0030] Optionally, before forming the building component, the method further comprises: installing electromechanical end points at the interface between the prefabricated wall and the wall interior components, the electromechanical end points comprising: at least one of: switches, sockets, lamps, alarms, junction boxes and electrical pipelines.

[0031] Optionally, before forming the building component, the method further comprises: installing a piping system at the interface between the prefabricated base plate and the bottom interior components and at the interface between the prefabricated wall and the wall interior components, the piping system comprising: a water supply piping system and a drainage piping system.

[0032] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a construction method, comprising: hoisting a building component manufactured by any one of the manufacturing methods described above to a designated location on a construction site and placing it in place; pouring concrete into the area of ​​the building component where concrete is to be poured; and performing finishing treatment after the concrete is set to obtain the building; the finishing treatment includes at least: placing a water supply main, connecting pipelines, and closing internal components.

[0033] In the solution provided in the first aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a method for manufacturing building components is provided, in which prefabricated floor slabs and air-conditioning equipment are fixedly connected at a non-construction site to form an integrated structure. This method not only greatly improves the integration of building components and greatly improves their efficiency in transportation and hoisting, but also eliminates the need for overall construction of the air-conditioning equipment at the construction site. That is, this method benefits from the prefabricated floor slabs' non-removable bottom formwork, which eliminates the need for formwork support before pouring concrete at the construction site. It also eliminates the need for professional installers to manually construct the air-conditioning equipment after the concrete is poured and the formwork is removed at the construction site, breaking the current installation method for air-conditioning equipment. This method can significantly reduce the number of construction workers required at the construction site, reduce the difficulty of on-site construction, and improve the quality of building products.

[0034] In the solution provided in the second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a construction method is provided. This method can manufacture building components with prefabricated floor slabs, prefabricated walls, integrated air conditioning equipment, and various interior components at a non-construction site, and then place the building components in place and cast them on-site at the construction site. After the concrete solidifies, only simple finishing treatments need to be performed on the electromechanical and interior decoration, such as simple pipeline connection, placement of water mains, and interior decoration closing, so as to directly obtain a building that integrates structure, electromechanical and interior decoration. This method does not require on-site installation and construction of air conditioning equipment and various interior decoration components. This method can significantly reduce the number of construction personnel required at the construction site, reduce the difficulty of on-site construction, and improve the quality of building products.

[0035] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, preferred embodiments are given below and described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] FIG1 shows a flow chart of a method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] FIG2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a prefabricated floor slab in the method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] FIG3 shows a front view of an air conditioning device installed on a prefabricated floor in the method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] FIG4 shows a first perspective view of an air conditioning device installed on a prefabricated floor in a method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] FIG5 shows a second perspective view of an air conditioning device installed on a prefabricated floor in the method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] FIG6 shows a schematic structural diagram of a method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in which the building component further includes a prefabricated wall;

[0043] FIG7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a wall interior component in the method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] FIG8 shows a partially enlarged schematic diagram of a prefabricated base plate in the method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] FIG9 shows a schematic diagram of the construction and disassembly of the enclosure components and various interior components in the method for manufacturing the building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] FIG10 shows a schematic structural diagram of an air shaft in a method for manufacturing a building component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] FIG11 shows a flow chart of a construction method provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] The markings in the attached drawings are as follows: 1-prefabricated floor, 2-air conditioning equipment, 3-prefabricated wall, 4-prefabricated bottom plate, 11-non-removable bottom formwork, 12-support hanger, 13-steel beam, 14-steel truss, W-lightweight partition wall, P-air duct. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like to indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0050] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0051] In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical or electrical connections; direct or indirect connections through an intermediary; or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0052] An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a building component. Referring to FIG1 , the method includes the following steps 101 - 102 .

[0053] Step 101: Prepare a prefabricated floor slab 1 and air conditioning equipment 2 at a non-construction site. The prefabricated floor slab 1 has a non-removable bottom formwork 11. The prefabricated floor slab 1 can be formed into a floor slab by pouring concrete on site.

[0054] In the embodiment of the present invention, the non-construction site refers to a place other than the on-site construction site, which can be understood as a factory in most cases, that is, the manufacturing site of building components. Among them, prefabricated floor slabs 1 and air conditioning equipment 2 are prepared in advance at the non-construction site, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 shows a structural schematic diagram of the prefabricated floor slab 1. The prefabricated floor slab 1 is the prefabricated part of the floor slab in the building structure finally formed at the construction site. In other words, the prefabricated floor slab 1 still needs to be poured with concrete at the construction site to form a complete floor slab. Among them, the prefabricated floor slab 1 can adopt an assembled floor slab to be poured with concrete, and specifically can adopt assembled floor slabs such as steel truss floor slabs, prefabricated concrete composite floor slabs, prefabricated prestressed concrete composite floor slabs, prefabricated prestressed ribbed concrete composite floor slabs, and prestressed concrete steel pipe truss composite floor slabs. The embodiment of the present invention does not limit this.

[0055] Specifically, a non-removable bottom formwork 11 is provided at the bottom of the overall structure of the precast floor slab 1. As the name implies, the non-removable bottom formwork 11 can serve as a non-removable formwork when the precast floor slab 1 is poured with concrete at the construction site. That is, the non-removable bottom formwork 11 does not need to be removed after the on-site concrete pouring of the precast floor slab 1, and the non-removable bottom formwork 11 remains in the final floor slab structure. The non-removable bottom formwork 11 can be a steel plate or a concrete slab, for example, a 1.5 mm thick steel plate, and the lower surface of the non-removable bottom formwork 11 is the bottommost surface of the precast floor slab 1.

[0056] Optionally, the air conditioning equipment 2 includes: a fan coil unit or a fan; wherein the fan can be a supply air fan, an exhaust fan, a smoke exhaust fan or a fresh air fan, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Step 102: Install the air conditioning equipment 2 on the side of the non-removable bottom template 11 facing the indoor room to form a building component.

[0058] Referring to Figure 3, there is shown a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the air conditioning equipment 2 prepared in advance at a non-construction site is installed on a prefabricated floor slab 1. The air conditioning equipment 2 is installed at the non-construction site on the side of the non-removal bottom formwork 11 facing the interior. That is, the air conditioning equipment 2 is installed in advance at the factory below the non-removal bottom formwork 11, so that the prefabricated floor slab 1 and the air conditioning equipment 2 form an integral structure at the non-construction site.

[0059] Through a manufacturing method of building components provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the prefabricated floor slab 1 and the air conditioning equipment 2 are fixedly connected at a non-construction site, so that the two form an integrated structure. This method not only greatly improves the integration of building components and greatly improves their efficiency in transportation and hoisting; at the same time, there is no need to carry out overall construction of the air conditioning equipment 2 at the construction site. That is, this method benefits from the non-removable bottom formwork 11 of the prefabricated floor slab 1, so that there is no need to carry out the formwork support process before pouring concrete at the construction site, and there is no need for professional installation workers to manually construct the air conditioning equipment after the concrete is poured and the formwork is removed at the construction site. This breaks the current installation method used for the air conditioning equipment 2 and realizes that larger electromechanical equipment is fixed to the building structure in advance in the factory. This method can greatly reduce the number of construction personnel required at the construction site, reduce the difficulty of on-site construction, and improve the quality of building products.

[0060] Optionally, the above step 102 of “installing the air conditioning equipment 2 on the side of the non-removable bottom template 11 facing the indoor room” includes the following step A.

[0061] Step A: Use the support bracket 12 to fix the air conditioning equipment 2 to the prefabricated floor slab 1, and the air conditioning equipment 2 is located on the side of the non-removable bottom template 11 facing the room.

[0062] As shown in Figure 3, an embodiment of the present invention also includes a support bracket 12 whose specific structural shape is not limited. Specifically, as shown in Figure 4, the support bracket 12 can be a structure composed of steel pipes and steel strips. The steel strips can be located below the air-conditioning equipment 2 to support the air-conditioning equipment 2, and the steel pipes located on the side of the air-conditioning equipment 2 are used to connect the steel strips and hang the air-conditioning equipment 2 below the non-removable bottom formwork 11, so that the air-conditioning equipment 2 can be connected to the prefabricated floor 1 through the support bracket 12 to form an integrated structure.

[0063] Optionally, the non-removable bottom formwork 11 has a pre-reserved hole for passing one end of the support bracket 12 therethrough. The above step A, "Securely connecting the air conditioning equipment 2 to the prefabricated floor slab 1 using the support bracket 12, with the air conditioning equipment 2 located on the side of the non-removable bottom formwork 11 facing the interior," includes the following step A2.

[0064] Step A2: Pass one end of the support bracket 12 through the reserved hole and fix it to the prefabricated floor 1; fix the other end of the support bracket 12 to the air conditioning equipment 2 so that the air conditioning equipment 2 can be located on the side of the non-removable bottom template 11 facing the room.

[0065] As shown in FIG5 , the upper end of the support bracket 12 can pass through the reserved hole and be fixedly connected to the side of the non-removal bottom template 11 facing the outside. It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present invention, after the support bracket 12 passes through the reserved hole, it can be welded to the support bracket 12 at the gap of the reserved hole by spot welding to further seal and fix it. In addition, the lower end of the support bracket 12 can be fixedly connected to the air conditioning equipment 2 by welding or binding, so that the air conditioning equipment 2 can be located on the side of the non-removal bottom template 11 facing the room, for example, below the prefabricated floor slab shown in FIG3 , FIG4 and FIG5 .

[0066] In the embodiment of the present invention, at a non-construction site, one end of the support bracket 12 is passed through the non-removal bottom formwork 11 through the reserved holes reserved on the surface of the non-removal bottom formwork 11, thereby achieving a pre-fixed connection between the support bracket 12 and the precast floor slab 1, thereby achieving a pre-fixed connection between the air-conditioning equipment 2 and the precast floor slab 1 at a non-construction site; after the precast floor slab 1 is poured with concrete at the construction site, the concrete can cover the portion of the support bracket 12 that passes through the reserved holes and is located above the non-removal bottom formwork 11, further strengthening the connection strength between the support bracket 12 and the precast floor slab 1 after the concrete solidifies. This method does not require the traditional installation method of first supporting the formwork at the construction site and then pouring concrete, then removing the formwork after the concrete solidifies, and drilling holes on the floor slab formed by the solidified concrete and inserting expansion screws before installing the support bracket 12. This method breaks through the current conventional practice of installing the air-conditioning equipment 2.

[0067] Optionally, before the above step A2 of "making one end of the support bracket 12 pass through the reserved hole and be fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab 1", the manufacturing method further includes the following step A1.

[0068] Step A1: A steel beam 13 is set on the side of the non-removal bottom formwork 11 facing the outdoors, as shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. The steel beam 13 is set above the non-removal bottom formwork 11. The steel beam 13 can be an I-beam, which is used as a support bracket 12 connected to the prefabricated floor 1 for load support.

[0069] Furthermore, step A2 of "passing one end of the support bracket 12 through the reserved hole and fixedly connecting it to the precast floor slab 1" includes passing one end of the support bracket 12 through the reserved hole and fixedly connecting it to the steel beam 13. As shown in Figures 3, 4, and 5, the upper end of the support bracket 12 passes through the reserved hole and is fixedly connected to the steel beam 13 located on the side of the non-removable bottom formwork 11 facing the outside. For example, the steel pipe of the support bracket 12 can be passed through the reserved hole and welded to the steel beam 13.

[0070] Optionally, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the prefabricated floor 1 also has a steel truss 14, that is, the prefabricated floor 1 in the embodiment of the present invention is a steel truss floor deck, and the steel truss 14 is fixedly connected to the side of the non-removal bottom formwork 11 facing the outdoors. For example, the steel truss 14 is welded to the upper surface of the non-removal bottom formwork 11 by welding to form an integrated structure; in addition, the steel truss 14 can be further fixedly connected to the steel beam 13 by welding.

[0071] Optionally, after the above step 102 of "installing the air conditioning device 2 on the side of the non-removable bottom template 11 facing the indoor room", the method further includes the following step B.

[0072] Step B: Install the top interior components of the building element at a position on the side of the air conditioning equipment 2 away from the prefabricated floor 1 and not lower than the preset limit.

[0073] Since the embodiment of the present invention can pre-fix the air conditioning equipment 2 with the prefabricated floor slab 1 to form an integral structure at a non-construction site, and since it has a non-removable bottom formwork 11, it is not necessary to wait until the casting and demolding to install the interior wall finish on the side of the floor slab facing the room. Therefore, after the embodiment of the present invention completes the installation of the air conditioning equipment 2 and the prefabricated floor slab 1, the interior wall finish of the prefabricated floor slab 1 can be directly decorated and renovated at a non-construction site, that is, the top interior component of the building component can be installed. Optionally, the top installation component includes a ceiling panel or a cement pressure plate, which can be understood as a ceiling or suspended ceiling installed indoors.

[0074] Specifically, the installation position of the top interior component is the side of the air-conditioning device 2 away from the prefabricated floor 1, that is, the top interior component is installed below the air-conditioning device 2, and the installation position of the top interior component must be higher than or equal to the preset limit. The preset limit can be a position at a certain distance from the lower surface of the non-removal bottom template 11, and the distance must be greater than the height of the air-conditioning device 2, so that the air-conditioning device 2 can be accommodated between the non-removal bottom template 11 of the prefabricated floor 1 and the top interior component, so that the air-conditioning device 2 can be hidden and does not affect the indoor aesthetics; it should be noted that the preset limit can be set according to actual needs.

[0075] Optionally, the step of "installing the top interior components of the building element" in the above step B may include the following step B1.

[0076] Step B1: Fix the top interior components to the prefabricated floor slab 1 using a keel fixing method.

[0077] The embodiment of the present invention can directly install the top interior components on the structure of the prefabricated floor 1 in a keel-fixing manner at the factory. For example, a method similar to the support bracket 12 can be used to reserve a reserved hole on the non-disassembly bottom template 11 for passing the keel, so that one end of the keel is fixedly connected to the top interior component, and the other end is welded to the prefabricated floor 1 through the reserved hole to form an integrated structure. For example, it can be welded to the steel truss 14 of the prefabricated floor 1, so that the embodiment of the present invention does not need to wait until the building component is cast in place and finalized at the construction site before installing the top interior components, so that the installation of the top interior components can also meet the requirements of mechanization and standardization, improve the integration of the entire building component, and greatly reduce the on-site construction process and labor costs.

[0078] Optionally, as shown in FIG6 , the building component further includes a prefabricated wall 3, wherein the prefabricated wall 3 may be a prefabricated part of a steel-concrete composite structural shear wall, that is, the prefabricated wall 3 may be formed into a structural wall by pouring concrete on site; before the above-mentioned step 102 “forming the building component”, the method further includes the following step C.

[0079] Step C: Fix the prefabricated wall 3 and the prefabricated floor slab 1 together.

[0080] Among them, the upper end of the prefabricated wall 3 can be fixedly connected to the edge of one side of the prefabricated floor 1 to form a self-supporting system. For example, the prefabricated wall 3 and the prefabricated floor 1 can be fixedly connected by welding. As shown in Figure 6, based on the prefabricated wall 3 and the prefabricated floor 1 that form an integral structure based on the fixed connection, the prefabricated building component in the embodiment of the present invention can be regarded as an integral module, that is, in this case, the building component is a module in a modular building, for example, it can be a prefabricated room module. It should be noted that the building component can include four prefabricated walls 3, and the four prefabricated walls 3 can be enclosed to form a building component with closed sides, or the building component can also include only three prefabricated walls 3, and the three prefabricated walls 3 can form a building component with open sides, that is, the embodiment of the present invention does not specifically limit the number of prefabricated walls 3.

[0081] In the embodiment of the present invention, by fixing the prefabricated floor 1 to which the air-conditioning equipment 2 is already connected to the prefabricated wall 3 in the factory, a module with the air-conditioning equipment 2 installed can be manufactured in the factory. Subsequently, the module only needs to be transported to the construction site, and the prefabricated floor 1 and prefabricated wall 3 of the module are cast in situ to obtain a building with the air-conditioning equipment 2. The use of this method can effectively reduce the construction process and improve the on-site construction efficiency.

[0082] Optionally, the prefabricated wall 3 has a non-disassembly formwork. For example, the prefabricated wall 3 can be a double-layer corrugated steel plate shear wall, a double-layer flat steel plate shear wall, or a shear wall with a steel cage and steel columns clamped by non-disassembly formwork on both sides; after the above step C of "fixedly connecting the prefabricated wall 3 to the prefabricated floor slab 1", the method also includes the following step D.

[0083] Step D: Install the interior wall components of the building elements on the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing the interior.

[0084] Since the prefabricated wall 3 used in the embodiment of the present invention is a wall with a formwork that does not need to be dismantled, there is no need to wait at the construction site for pouring, shaping, demolding, and obtaining a concrete wall surface before installing the interior decoration part on the wall surface; even if the interior decoration part of the wall surface is installed before pouring concrete, the subsequent pouring of concrete will not be affected at all. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention can install the interior wall decoration of the prefabricated wall 3 facing the room in advance at a non-construction site. In other words, the wall interior decoration components can be installed in advance on the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing the room in the factory, obtaining a building component that has already been installed with air conditioning equipment 2 and wall interior decoration components, thereby effectively reducing the construction process on site and improving on-site construction efficiency.

[0085] Optionally, step D of "installing a wall interior component of a building element on the indoor-facing side of the prefabricated wall 3" includes installing the wall interior component on the indoor-facing side of the prefabricated wall 3 using dry construction, snap-fit, tongue-and-groove, or stud fastening. Optionally, as shown in Figure 7, the wall interior component includes an integrated wall panel. For example, horizontal and vertical studs can be provided on the indoor-facing side of the prefabricated wall 3 to securely connect the integrated wall panel to the prefabricated wall 3.

[0086] Optionally, the building component further includes a prefabricated base plate 4, as shown in FIG8, which shows a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the prefabricated base plate 4; before the above step 102 "forming the building component", the method further includes step E.

[0087] Step E: The prefabricated bottom plate 4 is fixedly connected to the prefabricated wall 3 , and the prefabricated floor slab 1 and the prefabricated bottom plate 4 are arranged opposite and parallel to each other.

[0088] The prefabricated base plate 4 is a structure arranged opposite and parallel to the prefabricated floor plate 1. Specifically, the edge of the prefabricated base plate 4 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the prefabricated wall 3. For example, the prefabricated base plate 4 and the prefabricated wall 3 can be fixedly connected by welding, so that the building component is an integral structure formed by the prefabricated wall 3, the prefabricated floor plate 1, and the prefabricated base plate 4. For example, if there are four prefabricated walls 3, the building component can be a hexahedral structure formed by four prefabricated walls 3, one prefabricated floor plate 1, and one prefabricated base plate 4.

[0089] Optionally, after the above step E of “fixedly connecting the prefabricated bottom plate 4 to the prefabricated wall 3 ”, the method further includes the following step F.

[0090] Step F: Install the bottom interior components of the building element on the side of the prefabricated bottom plate 4 facing the interior.

[0091] In addition to being able to install wall interior components and top interior components in advance, the embodiment of the present invention can also complete the installation of the interior decorative surface of the prefabricated base plate 4 facing the indoor room in advance at a non-construction site. In other words, the bottom interior components can be installed on the side of the prefabricated base plate 4 facing the indoor room in advance in the factory, resulting in a building component that has already been installed with air conditioning equipment 2 and bottom interior components, thereby effectively reducing on-site construction procedures and improving on-site construction efficiency.

[0092] Optionally, the above step F of "installing the bottom interior components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated base plate 4 facing the interior" includes: using dry construction or wet pasting to install the bottom interior components on the side of the prefabricated base plate 4 facing the interior.

[0093] Optionally, the bottom interior components include at least one of: wood veneer, tiles, and precast concrete chassis. The embodiments of the present invention can be installed using corresponding methods based on actual needs. For example, the bottom interior components can include multiple layers. A cement mortar screed layer is first laid on the bottom layer of the precast base plate 4. Fine stone concrete is then laid on top of the cement mortar screed layer for leveling. A waterproof layer is applied to the upper surface of the fine stone concrete as required. Finally, ceramic tiles can be adhered to the uppermost surface using a special adhesive. As shown in FIG6 , the uppermost layer of the bottom interior components in FIG6 is the tiles.

[0094] Optionally, before the above step 102 of "forming a building component", the method further comprises the following step G.

[0095] Step G: Installing the enclosure components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing the interior, wherein the enclosure components are lightweight partition walls.

[0096] In an embodiment of the present invention, in addition to being able to pre-install larger-sized electromechanical equipment at a non-construction site, the embodiment of the present invention can also pre-fabricate and install the enclosure components inside the module at a non-construction site, thereby obtaining a highly integrated module that integrates large-scale electromechanical equipment and enclosure components. The enclosure component is a lightweight partition wall, that is, a non-load-bearing lightweight interior partition wall; for example, it can be a light steel keel panel partition wall or a plate partition wall, such as an ALC board. The embodiment of the present invention can be installed on the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing the interior at the corresponding position according to actual building requirements. For example, the lightweight partition wall can be vertically installed on the indoor side surface of the prefabricated wall 3 adjacent to it.

[0097] Optionally, step G, "Installing building element enclosure components on the indoor-facing side of prefabricated wall 3," includes installing a lightweight partition wall as an indoor partition wall on the indoor-facing side of prefabricated wall 3. As shown in FIG9 , FIG9 illustrates a schematic diagram of the construction and disassembly of the enclosure components and various interior components, with the lightweight partition wall indicated by the reference numeral W in FIG9 . When used as an indoor partition wall, the lightweight partition wall can be a complete wall, or it can be a lightweight partition wall with pre-installed door and / or window frames, to meet the homeowner's more practical decoration needs.

[0098] Optionally, the above step G of “installing the enclosure components of the building elements on the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing the interior” may further include the following step H.

[0099] Step H: Use the lightweight partition wall and the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing the interior to form a closed space, and use the closed space as an air shaft; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall.

[0100] The embodiment of the present invention can not only use lightweight partition walls to install indoor non-load-bearing walls, such as indoor partition walls, in advance, but also use lightweight partition walls to build air shafts for accommodating air ducts in advance indoors. Normally, the location of the air shaft is set close to the exterior wall of the building. That is to say, in order to avoid the independent air shaft affecting the beauty of the interior, the air shaft in the embodiment of the present invention can be connected and set on the side surface of the prefabricated wall 3 close to the interior; specifically, a lightweight partition wall with a complete wall surface can be used to enclose the prefabricated wall 3 to form a closed space, so that the closed space is used as an air shaft to accommodate the air duct; it can be understood that the closed space only refers to the closed side wall of the air shaft, and the top edge of the air shaft and the prefabricated floor 1 need to be connected to form an air shaft. For example, three lightweight partition walls and one prefabricated wall 3 can be used to enclose a closed space at the location where the air shaft needs to be installed indoors to obtain an air shaft.

[0101] The embodiments of the present invention can not only pre-install larger electromechanical equipment at non-construction sites, but also pre-build the accommodation space for air ducts used in conjunction with large electromechanical equipment inside the module at non-construction sites, thereby improving the integration of the module and eliminating the need for on-site construction of the air shaft at the construction site, thereby improving the efficiency of on-site construction.

[0102] Optionally, the above-mentioned step H of "using lightweight partition walls and the side of the prefabricated wall 3 facing the interior to enclose a closed space, and using the closed space as an air shaft" includes: fixing at least one lightweight partition wall on the surfaces of two prefabricated walls 3 facing the interior that are connected at the wall ends and have an angle, and enclosing to form a closed space as a air shaft.

[0103] As shown in FIG10 , in an embodiment of the present invention, an air shaft can also be set at a corner of a room, that is, at a location where the ends of two prefabricated walls 3 are connected. For example, the air shaft can be set in an area facing the room where the two prefabricated walls 3 are connected at a 90-degree angle. Specifically, two lightweight partition walls can be used to enclose the two prefabricated exterior walls 3 connected at the corner to form an enclosed space to obtain the air shaft. Such an air shaft can further reduce its impact on the indoor usable area and is more rational in design.

[0104] Optionally, after the above step H of "using the enclosed space as an air shaft", the method further includes: setting an air duct inside the air shaft; as shown in FIG10 , the air duct may be a galvanized iron air duct.

[0105] Optionally, before the above step 102 of "forming a building component", the method further comprises the following step I.

[0106] Step I: Install electromechanical terminal points at the interface between the prefabricated wall 3 and the wall interior components. The electromechanical terminal points include: at least one of: switches, sockets, lamps, alarms, junction boxes and electrical pipelines.

[0107] The embodiment of the present invention can also install electromechanical terminal points such as switches, sockets, lamps, alarms, junction boxes and electrical pipelines in advance between the prefabricated wall 3 and the wall interior components at non-construction sites. For example, holes can be opened at appropriate positions of the prefabricated wall 3 as reserved operation ports and corresponding electromechanical terminal points can be installed; thereby, modules with various electromechanical terminal points installed can be obtained directly in the factory, and there is no need to arrange construction workers to install a large number of complex and small electromechanical terminal points on site after cast-in-place demoulding at the construction site. This not only greatly shortens the construction period and reduces labor costs, but also enables the electromechanical terminal points to be mechanized and installed in the factory, and the installation process is more standardized.

[0108] For example, when the prefabricated wall 3 is a double-layer corrugated steel plate shear wall, a deep junction box can be embedded in advance at a suitable position of the corrugated steel plate, such as the trough. After the interior wall components on the surface of the prefabricated wall 3 are installed, the junction box can be hidden inside the prefabricated wall 3 and not protrude from the indoor surface, making the overall wall more beautiful; alternatively, electrical pipelines can be embedded in the cast-in-place area of ​​the prefabricated wall 3.

[0109] Optionally, before the above step 102 of "forming building components", the method further includes: installing a piping system at the interface between the prefabricated base plate 4 and the bottom interior components and at the interface between the prefabricated wall 3 and the wall interior components, the piping system including: a water supply piping system and a drainage piping system.

[0110] The embodiments of the present invention can also pre-install the piping system inside the module at a non-construction site, thereby eliminating the need to arrange for construction workers to install the piping system on-site using complex processes such as later grooving or pipeline grooving after the cast-in-place formwork is removed at the construction site. This not only greatly shortens the construction period and reduces labor costs, but also allows the piping system to be hidden inside the corresponding internal components.

[0111] Specifically, the water supply pipe system and part of the drainage pipe system can be pre-buried inside the prefabricated base plate 4 and the bottom interior components. For example, water supply branches can be pre-buried at the interface between the prefabricated base plate 4 and the bottom interior components in the kitchen module and the bathroom module, and pipe openings can be pre-buried at the module ends for connecting multiple water supply branches to one side of the pipe opening, and the other side of the pipe opening is used to connect to the water supply main pipe; pipe grooves can be pre-buried at the interface between the prefabricated base plate 4 and the bottom interior components in the public area module, and the pipe grooves are used to place the water supply main pipe at the construction site, so that after the module is hoisted to the construction site, only the water supply main pipe needs to be placed and connected to the pipe opening to complete the installation of the water supply pipeline system. Furthermore, the method of non-lowering same-level drainage can be adopted, and part of the drainage pipe system can be pre-buried at the interface between the prefabricated base plate 4 and the bottom interior components of the bathroom module to achieve the effect of non-lowering same-level drainage and sewage and waste diversion.

[0112] In addition, part of the drainage pipe system can be embedded in the prefabricated wall 3 and the wall interior components. For example, part of the drainage pipe system can be embedded in the interface between the prefabricated wall 3 and the wall interior components of the bathroom module to achieve secondary waterproofing and secondary drainage effects.

[0113] The embodiment of the present invention further provides a construction method, as shown in FIG11 , which includes the following steps 201 - 203 .

[0114] Step 201: hoisting the building component manufactured by any of the above manufacturing methods to a designated location at a construction site and placing it in place.

[0115] Use lifting equipment to place the building components transported to the construction site in their corresponding designated positions. For example, place the building components on the first floor in the corresponding positions on the first floor, and stack the building components on the second floor on top of the building components on the first floor.

[0116] Step 202: pouring concrete into the area of ​​the building component where concrete is to be poured.

[0117] The concrete pouring operation is carried out on the building components that have been placed in place, so that the prefabricated walls and prefabricated floor slabs contained therein gradually form shear walls and floor slabs equipped with air conditioning equipment.

[0118] Step 203: After the concrete is set, finishing treatment is performed to obtain the building.

[0119] After the concrete solidifies and takes shape, on-site construction workers only need to carry out relatively simple finishing treatments to construct the building. Among them, the finishing treatments include at least: placing the water supply main, connecting the pipelines and closing the interior components. For example, placing the water supply main can be expressed as: placing the water supply main in the pre-buried pipe groove in the public area. Pipeline connection can be expressed as: connecting the water supply main with the pipe opening reserved in the bathroom module or kitchen module, so that the water supply branch pipe connected to the other end of the pipe opening can be connected to the water supply main in the public area through the pipe opening. Closing the interior components can be expressed as: after placing the water supply main, laying tiles on the upper surface of the pipe groove; or, it can also be expressed as closing the various interior components by means of beading, gluing, leaving gaps, staggered joints, collisions, etc.

[0120] The construction method provided by the embodiment of the present invention can manufacture building components with prefabricated floor slabs, prefabricated walls, integrated air conditioning equipment and various interior components at a non-construction site, and then place the building components in place and cast them on site at the construction site. After the concrete solidifies, only simple finishing treatments need to be performed on the electromechanical and interior decoration, such as simple pipeline connection, placement of water mains and interior decoration closing, so as to directly obtain a building that integrates structure, electromechanical, interior decoration and even enclosure into one. This method does not require the installation and construction of the air conditioning equipment and various interior decoration components on site. This method can significantly reduce the number of construction personnel required on the construction site, reduce the difficulty of on-site construction, and improve the quality of building products. It not only changes the traditional construction process of modular buildings and maximizes the "standardization and modularization" concept of assembly construction, but also maximizes green construction, significantly reduces construction site garbage, and reduces resource waste and environmental pollution.

[0121] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technical solution that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for manufacturing a building component, characterized in that: include: Preparing prefabricated floor slabs and air conditioning equipment at a non-construction site, wherein the prefabricated floor slabs have a bottom formwork that does not need to be dismantled, and the prefabricated floor slabs can be formed into floor slabs by pouring concrete on site; The air conditioning equipment is installed on the side of the non-disassembly bottom template facing the indoor room to form the building component.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The air conditioning device is installed on the side of the non-removable bottom template facing the indoor room, comprising: The air conditioning equipment is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab by using supporting brackets, and the air conditioning equipment is located on the side of the non-removable bottom template facing the indoor room.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The non-removable bottom template has a reserved hole; the air conditioning equipment is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab by using a support bracket, and the air conditioning equipment is located on the side of the non-removable bottom template facing the room, including: One end of the support bracket is passed through the reserved hole and fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab; the other end of the support bracket is fixedly connected to the air conditioning equipment, so that the air conditioning equipment is located on the side of the non-removable bottom template facing the indoor room.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: Before allowing one end of the support and hanger to pass through the reserved hole and be fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab, the method further includes: arranging a steel beam on the side of the non-disassembly bottom template facing the outdoors, the steel beam being used as a force support for the support and hanger; The step of allowing one end of the support bracket to pass through the reserved hole and be fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab comprises: allowing one end of the support bracket to pass through the reserved hole and be fixedly connected to the steel beam.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that The prefabricated floor slab also has a steel truss, which is fixedly connected to the side of the non-dismantling bottom formwork facing the outdoors, and the steel truss is also fixedly connected to the steel beam.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The air conditioning equipment includes: a fan coil unit or a fan.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After installing the air conditioning device on the side of the non-removable bottom template facing the indoor room, the method further includes: installing the top interior component of the building component on the side of the air conditioning device away from the prefabricated floor and at a position not lower than a preset limit.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The top interior components include suspended ceiling panels or cement pressure panels.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The installation of the top interior components of the building element includes: fixing the top interior components to the prefabricated floor slab 1 by means of keel fixing.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The building components also include prefabricated walls, which can be formed into structural walls by pouring concrete on site; before forming the building components, the prefabricated walls are also fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slabs.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The prefabricated wall has a non-disassembly formwork; after the prefabricated wall is fixedly connected to the prefabricated floor slab, the method further comprises: installing the wall interior components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior.

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The wall interior components of the building components are installed on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior, including: installing the wall interior components on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior by dry construction, snap-fit, tongue and groove or keel fixing.

13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The wall interior components include integrated wall panels.

14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that The building component also includes a prefabricated bottom plate; before forming the building component, the process also includes: fixing the prefabricated bottom plate to the prefabricated wall, and arranging the prefabricated floor plate opposite to and in parallel with the prefabricated bottom plate.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that After the prefabricated bottom plate is fixedly connected to the prefabricated wall, the method further includes: installing the bottom interior component of the building component on the side of the prefabricated bottom plate facing the interior.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The step of installing the bottom interior components of the building element on the side of the prefabricated base plate facing the indoor room comprises: installing the bottom interior components on the side of the prefabricated base plate facing the indoor room by dry construction or wet pasting.

17. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that The bottom interior components include: at least one of wood veneer, facing bricks and precast concrete chassis.

18. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that Before forming the building component, the method further includes: installing a protective component of the building component on a side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior, wherein the protective component is a lightweight partition wall.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The method of installing the enclosure components of the building components on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior includes: installing the lightweight partition wall as an interior partition wall on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall, or the lightweight partition wall is a wall with a preset door frame or window frame.

20. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that The enclosure components of the building components are installed on the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior, including: using the lightweight partition wall and the side of the prefabricated wall facing the interior to enclose a closed space, and using the closed space as a wind shaft; the lightweight partition wall is a complete wall.

21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that The method of using the lightweight partition wall and the prefabricated wall body to enclose a closed space facing the indoor space, and using the closed space as a ventilation shaft, comprises: At least one of the lightweight partition walls is fixedly connected to the surfaces of the two prefabricated walls that are connected at the wall ends and have an included angle and face the interior, and a closed space is enclosed to form the air shaft.

22. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that After the enclosed space is used as an air shaft, the method further includes: arranging an air duct inside the air shaft.

23. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that Before forming the building components, the method further includes: installing electromechanical terminal points at the interface between the prefabricated wall and the wall interior components, and the electromechanical terminal points include: at least one of switches, sockets, lamps, alarms, junction boxes and electrical pipelines.

24. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that Before forming the building components, the method further includes: installing a pipe system at the interface between the prefabricated bottom plate and the bottom interior components and at the interface between the prefabricated wall and the wall interior components, wherein the pipe system includes a water supply pipe system and a drainage pipe system.

25. A construction method, characterized in that: include: Hoisting the building component manufactured by the manufacturing method described in any one of claims 10 to 24 to a designated location on a construction site and placing it in place; pouring concrete into the area of ​​the building element where concrete is to be poured; After the concrete is set, finishing treatment is performed to obtain the building; The finishing process at least includes: placing the water supply main, connecting the pipelines and closing the internal components.

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