Laminated glass and vehicle

Abstract

Provided in the present application are laminated glass and a vehicle. The laminated glass comprises: an outer glass plate; an inner glass plate; a thermoplastic interlayer, the thermoplastic interlayer being provided between the outer glass plate and the inner glass plate; and a low-emissivity coating, the low-emissivity coating being provided on the surface of the inner glass plate that faces away from the outer glass plate, wherein the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 1%-25%, the color difference of the laminated glass is 2-18, and the visual index thereof is 0.5-2.5. The laminated glass provided in the present application realizes a small color difference between the interior and exterior while realizing low visible light transmittance and having a low-emissivity performance, and has advantages such as consistent color coordination between the interior and exterior, and high visual comfort.

Description

Laminated glass and vehicles

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on August 17, 2023, with application number 202311037786.X and application name “Laminated Glass and Vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of automotive glass, and in particular to laminated glass and vehicles. Background Art

[0003] In the summer, vehicle interiors can become very hot due to high temperatures and strong direct sunlight. In the winter, however, low exterior temperatures can cause heat loss, leading to extreme cold. An increasing number of vehicles are implementing low-emissivity coatings on the sunroof glass surface closest to the interior to achieve a "warm in winter, cool in summer" interior. This low-emissivity coating reduces the amount of long-wave heat radiation emitted from the heated sunroof glass into the vehicle interior in the summer, thus preventing heat from entering the vehicle. In the winter, it reduces the amount of heat radiated from the vehicle interior to the exterior, preventing heat loss.

[0004] As sunroofs grow in size and passengers demand improved thermal comfort, installing low-emissivity films on the interior surfaces of sunroofs and even side windows is becoming increasingly mainstream. Furthermore, some sunroofs and side windows, which have even higher demands for improved thermal comfort, also incorporate infrared reflective films.

[0005] However, the installation of low-emissivity film and infrared reflective film will increase the difference between the transmitted color and reflected color of the sunroof glass and side window glass. There will be a large color difference when people inside and outside the vehicle observe the same vehicle glass, making the colors inside and outside inconsistent, unsightly, and some products are prone to visual fatigue.

[0006] Summary of the Invention

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides laminated glass, comprising:

[0008] outer glass panels;

[0009] inner glass panels;

[0010] a thermoplastic interlayer disposed between the outer glass pane and the inner glass pane; and

[0011] a low-emissivity film, the low-emissivity film being disposed on a surface of the inner glass plate facing away from the outer glass plate;

[0012] Wherein, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 1% to 25%, the chromaticity difference of the laminated glass is 2 to 18, and the visual index is 0.5 to 2.5.

[0013] Wherein, the visible light reflectivity of the laminated glass on the side of the low-emissivity film is less than or equal to 6%.

[0014] Wherein, the emissivity of the laminated glass on the side of the low-emissivity film is less than or equal to 0.3, or less than or equal to 0.25, or less than or equal to 0.2.

[0015] The low-emissivity film includes at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of which is selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, chromium-doped nickel oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and zinc tin oxide. The doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with at least one element selected from aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium.

[0016] Wherein, the total thickness of all the transparent conductive oxide layers is 50 nm to 300 nm.

[0017] The low-emissivity film further includes at least two first dielectric layers, each of the transparent conductive oxide layers is located between two adjacent first dielectric layers, and the first dielectric layer is a nitride, oxide, or oxynitride of at least one element selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg, and Zr.

[0018] Wherein, the laminated glass further comprises:

[0019] An infrared reflective film is provided on the surface of the outer glass plate facing the inner glass plate, or on the surface of the inner glass plate facing the outer glass plate, or on the thermoplastic intermediate film.

[0020] In which, the infrared reflective film includes at least one metal layer and at least two second dielectric layers, each metal layer is arranged between two adjacent second dielectric layers, the metal layer is a metal or metal alloy selected from silver, gold, copper, aluminum, and platinum, and the thickness of each metal layer is 4nm to 20nm, and the second dielectric layer is an oxide selected from the elements Zn, Mg, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ni, In, Al, Ce, W, Mo, Sb, and Bi, or is at least one nitride, nitride oxide, and mixtures thereof selected from the elements Si, Al, Zr, Y, Ce, and La.

[0021] Wherein, the low-emissivity film further comprises a visible light blocking layer, and / or, when the laminated glass further comprises an infrared reflective film, the infrared reflective film further comprises a visible light blocking layer;

[0022] The material of the visible light blocking layer is selected from at least one of nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-aluminum alloy, nickel-silicon alloy, metal chromium, titanium nitride, niobium nitride, and titanium-molybdenum alloy. The thickness of the visible light blocking layer is 3nm to 20nm.

[0023] The thermoplastic intermediate layer is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film. The visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer film is greater than or equal to 80%, and the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is 1% to 45%.

[0024] Wherein, the inner glass plate is transparent glass or tinted glass, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 0.7 mm to 2.1 mm, and the visible light transmittance of the inner glass plate is 25% to 95%.

[0025] Wherein, the outer glass plate is tinted glass, and the visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate is 10% to 85%.

[0026] Wherein, the outer glass plate is transparent glass or extra-transparent glass, the total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, the total iron content of the extra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%, and the visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate is 80% to 95%.

[0027] The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 1% to 8%, the chromaticity difference of the laminated glass is 2 to 15, and the visual index is 0.8 to 2.5.

[0028] Wherein, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 8% to 25%, the chromaticity difference of the laminated glass is 6 to 10, and the visual index is 0.5 to 0.9.

[0029] The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 1% to 8%, the chromaticity difference of the laminated glass is 6 to 18, and the visual index is 0.8 to 2.5.

[0030] The laminated glass provided herein is configured by combining the outer glass sheet, the thermoplastic interlayer, the inner glass sheet, and the low-emissivity film to achieve a visible light transmittance of 1% to 25%, a chromaticity difference of 2 to 18, and a visual index of 0.5 to 2.5. This allows the laminated glass to be installed in a vehicle, resulting in a minimal chromaticity difference between the laminated glass observed from the outside of the vehicle and the inside. Therefore, the laminated glass provided herein achieves both low visible light transmittance and low-emissivity while also minimizing the chromaticity difference between the inside and outside, resulting in consistent color harmony and high visual comfort.

[0031] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a vehicle, comprising:

[0032] body; and

[0033] The laminated glass according to the first aspect is installed on the vehicle body.

[0034] The vehicle provided by the present application achieves a visible light transmittance of 1% to 25% at the laminated glass through the laminated glass, and the color chromaticity difference of the laminated glass when observed from inside and outside the vehicle is small, so that the inside and outside colors of the vehicle at the laminated glass are coordinated and consistent, thereby improving the aesthetics and visual comfort of the vehicle at the laminated glass, and thereby improving the overall appearance comfort and sense of luxury of the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for use in the implementation. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

[0036] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0037] FIG2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a laminated glass provided in one embodiment of the present application.

[0039] FIG4 is a first structural diagram of the low-emissivity film in FIG3 .

[0040] FIG5 is a second structural schematic diagram of the low-emissivity film in FIG3 .

[0041] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of laminated glass provided in another embodiment of the present application.

[0042] FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the infrared reflective film in FIG. 6 .

[0043] Reference numerals: vehicle 1 ; laminated glass 10 ; outer glass pane 11 ; inner glass pane 12 ; thermoplastic interlayer 13 ; low-emissivity film 14 ; transparent conductive oxide layer 141 ; first dielectric layer 142 ; visible light blocking layer 143 ; infrared reflective film 15 ; metal layer 151 ; second dielectric layer 152 ; vehicle body 20 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] The terms "first," "second," and the like in the specification and claims of this application and the accompanying drawings are used to distinguish between different objects, not to describe a particular order. Furthermore, the terms "including," "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus comprising a series of steps or elements is not limited to the listed steps or elements but may optionally include steps or elements not listed, or may optionally include other steps or elements inherent to the process, method, product, or apparatus.

[0046] References herein to "embodiments" or "implementations" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments or implementations may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of such phrases in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor do they constitute independent or alternative embodiments that are mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0047] This application provides a vehicle 1. Please refer to Figures 1 and 2. Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicle according to another embodiment of this application. In this embodiment, the vehicle 1 includes a vehicle body 20 and laminated glass 10. The laminated glass 10 is mounted on the vehicle body 20.

[0048] In this embodiment, the vehicle 1 can be, but is not limited to, a sedan, a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), a sport utility vehicle (SUV), an off-road vehicle (ORV), a pickup truck, a van, a bus, a truck, etc.

[0049] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle body 20 to serve as a skylight glass (see FIG. 1 ), and / or the laminated glass 10 is installed on the vehicle body 20 to serve as a side window glass (see FIG. 2 ).

[0050] The vehicle 1 provided in the present application achieves a visible light transmittance of 1% to 25% at the laminated glass 10 through the laminated glass 10, and the color chromaticity difference of the laminated glass 10 when observed from the inside and outside of the vehicle 1 is small, so that the inside and outside colors of the vehicle 1 at the laminated glass 10 are coordinated and consistent, thereby improving the aesthetics and visual comfort of the vehicle 1 at the laminated glass 10, and thereby improving the overall appearance comfort and sense of luxury of the vehicle 1.

[0051] Next, the laminated glass 10 in the vehicle 1 provided in this application is introduced in detail.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of laminated glass provided in one embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the laminated glass 10 includes an outer glass panel 11, an inner glass panel 12, a thermoplastic interlayer 13, and a low-emissivity film 14. The thermoplastic interlayer 13 is disposed between the outer glass panel 11 and the inner glass panel 12. The low-emissivity film 14 is disposed on the surface of the inner glass panel 12 facing away from the outer glass panel 11. The laminated glass 10 has a visible light transmittance of 1% to 25%, a chromaticity difference of 2 to 18, and a visual index of 0.5 to 2.5.

[0053] In this embodiment, the laminated glass 10 is applied to a vehicle 1, the outer glass panel 11 is located on the outside of the vehicle, the outer glass panel 11 having an outer surface facing away from the thermoplastic interlayer 13 and an inner surface facing the thermoplastic interlayer 13; the inner glass panel 12 is located on the inside of the vehicle, the inner glass panel 12 having an outer surface facing away from the thermoplastic interlayer 13 and an inner surface facing the thermoplastic interlayer 13, and the low-emissivity film 14 is provided on the outer surface of the inner glass panel 12, i.e., exposed in the interior space of the vehicle for use, thereby reducing the emissivity of the laminated glass 10 on the side of the low-emissivity film 14 to less than or equal to 0.3.

[0054] In this embodiment, the outer glass pane 11, the thermoplastic interlayer 13, the inner glass pane 12, and the low-emissivity film 14 are combined to provide the laminated glass 10 with a visible light transmittance of 1% to 25%, a chromaticity difference of 2 to 18, and a visual index of 0.5 to 2.5. When the laminated glass 10 is installed in a vehicle 1, the color chromaticity difference between the laminated glass 10 observed from the outside of the vehicle 1 and from the inside of the vehicle 1 is small. For example, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 10 may be, but is not limited to, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 7%, 10%, 13%, 16%, 19%, 22%, 25%, or other values ​​between 1% and 25%. The chromaticity difference of the laminated glass 10 may be, but is not limited to, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, or other values ​​between 2 and 18. The visual index of the laminated glass 10 may be, but is not limited to, 0.5, 0.8, 1.1, 1.4, 1.7, 2.0, 2.2, 2.5, or other values ​​between 0.5 and 2.5.

[0055] Furthermore, the visible light reflectance of the laminated glass 10 on the side of the low-emissivity film 14 is less than or equal to 6%, thereby resolving the problem of severe mirror reflections inside the vehicle caused by the different ambient light levels on both sides of the laminated glass 10, thereby reducing or even eliminating reflections inside the vehicle. In the present application, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 10 is 1% to 25%. To improve the problem of mirror reflections inside the vehicle, the lower the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass 10, the lower the visible light reflectance of the laminated glass 10 on the side of the low-emissivity film 14 needs to be designed. Preferably, the visible light reflectance of the laminated glass 10 on the side of the low-emissivity film 14 is less than or equal to 4%, even less than or equal to 2%, and even less than or equal to 1%.

[0056] In this embodiment, the outer glass plate 11 is tinted glass, and the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 is between 1.6 mm and 4 mm. The visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate 11 is between 10% and 85%. For example, the outer glass plate 11 may be, but is not limited to, green glass or gray glass. The thickness of the outer glass plate 11 may be, but is not limited to, 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.8 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.6 mm, 4.0 mm, or other values ​​between 1.6 mm and 4 mm. The visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate 11 may be, but is not limited to, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 85%, or other values ​​between 10% and 85%. Specifically, the outer glass plate 11 can be, but is not limited to, green glass with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a visible light transmittance of 83%, or green glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 80%, or gray glass with a thickness of 1.6 mm and a visible light transmittance of 45%, or gray glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 28%, etc.

[0057] In this embodiment, the thermoplastic interlayer 13 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film, and has a thickness of 0.38 mm to 1.52 mm. For example, the thickness of the thermoplastic interlayer 13 may be, but is not limited to, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 0.85 mm, 0.96 mm, 1.28 mm, 1.52 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 1.52 mm.

[0058] The material of the thermoplastic polymer film can be selected from at least one of polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), and ionomer (SGP). When the thermoplastic interlayer 13 is a transparent thermoplastic polymer, the visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer is greater than or equal to 80%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer 13 can be, but is not limited to, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. When the thermoplastic interlayer 13 is a colored thermoplastic polymer film, the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is 1% to 45%. For example, the visible light transmittance of the thermoplastic interlayer 13 can be, but is not limited to, 1%, 7%, 12%, 18%, 24%, 29%, 35%, 40%, 42%, 45%, or other values ​​between 1% and 45%. The colored thermoplastic polymer film can be a gray thermoplastic polymer film, a green thermoplastic polymer film, or a blue thermoplastic polymer film. Specifically, the thermoplastic interlayer 13 can be, but is limited to, transparent PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 88%, gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 2%, gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 6%, gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 8%, gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 18%, gray PVB with a thickness of 0.76 mm and a visible light transmittance of 44%, etc.

[0059] In this embodiment, the inner glass panel 12 is transparent glass or tinted glass, and has a thickness of 0.7 mm to 2.1 mm. The visible light transmittance of the inner glass panel 12 is 25% to 95%. For example, when the inner glass panel 12 is tinted glass, it can be green glass or gray glass. The thickness of the inner glass panel 12 can be, but is not limited to, 0.7 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.3 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.1 mm, or other values ​​between 0.7 mm and 2.1 mm. The visible light transmittance of the inner glass panel 12 can be 25%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, or other values ​​between 25% and 95%. Specifically, the inner glass panel 12 can be, but is not limited to, clear glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 91%.

[0060] In this embodiment, the low-emissivity film 14 is provided on the surface of the inner glass plate 12 facing away from the outer glass plate 11, and is used to reduce the emissivity of the laminated glass 10 so that the emissivity of the laminated glass 10 is less than or equal to 0.3, preferably less than or equal to 0.25, and more preferably less than or equal to 0.2.

[0061] Please refer to FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 . FIG. 4 is a first schematic structural diagram of the low-emissivity film in FIG. 3 ; FIG. 5 is a second schematic structural diagram of the low-emissivity film in FIG. 3 .

[0062] In this embodiment, the low-emissivity film 14 includes at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer 141. Depending on the specific design of the low-emissivity film 14, the low-emissivity film 14 may have only one transparent conductive oxide layer 141, two transparent conductive oxide layers 141, or even three transparent conductive oxide layers 141. Specifically, the total thickness of all the transparent conductive oxide layers 141 is 50 nm to 300 nm, thereby optimizing the thickness of the transparent conductive oxide layers 141. For example, the total thickness of all the transparent conductive oxide layers 141 is 50 nm, 90 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, or other values ​​between 50 nm and 300 nm.

[0063] Optionally, the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 can be selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide (ITO), chromium-doped nickel oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and zinc tin oxide (ZnSnOx). When the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 is doped zinc oxide, the doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with at least one of aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium. Specifically, for example, the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 is at least one of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), yttrium-doped zinc oxide (YZO), hafnium- and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (HAZO), tungsten- and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (W-AZO), and gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO).

[0064] In Figures 4 and 5 , the low-emissivity film 14 also includes at least two first dielectric layers 142, with each transparent conductive oxide layer 141 disposed between two adjacent first dielectric layers 142. By optimizing the materials and thicknesses of the transparent conductive oxide layers 141 and the first dielectric layers 142, the low-emissivity film 14 can withstand subsequent high-temperature heat treatment or other bending processes, and the resulting laminated glass 10's optical and mechanical properties meet vehicle glazing standards. Furthermore, the design can be further optimized to achieve an anti-reflective effect on the low-emissivity film 14, thereby reducing or even eliminating the obvious reflections of passengers and objects within the vehicle 1 on the laminated glass 10 due to specular reflection, thereby preventing visual interference to passengers and improving the user experience. Depending on the specific design of the low-emissivity film 14, the number of first dielectric layers 142 can be two, three, four, five, or even more. Optionally, the material of the first dielectric layer 142 is selected from nitrides, oxides, or oxynitrides of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg, and Zr. The transparent conductive oxide layer 141 and the first dielectric layer 142 can be formed by magnetron sputtering processes respectively.

[0065] In FIG5 , the low-emissivity film 14 further includes at least one visible light blocking layer 143 , with a thickness of 3 nm to 20 nm. For example, the thickness of the visible light blocking layer 143 may be, but is not limited to, 3 nm, 7 nm, 12 nm, 15 nm, 17 nm, 20 nm, or other values ​​between 3 nm and 20 nm. The visible light blocking layer 143 is made of at least one material selected from nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr), nickel-aluminum alloy (NiAl), nickel-silicon alloy (NiSi), metallic chromium (Cr), titanium nitride (TiN), niobium nitride (NbN), and titanium-molybdenum alloy (MoTi). In this embodiment, by adding a visible light blocking layer 143 to the low-emissivity film 14, the inner glass pane 12 provided with the low-emissivity film 14 can have a lower visible light transmittance. This allows the use of clear glass or green glass with a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 80% instead of gray glass or gray PVB with lower transmittance. This helps reduce the raw material cost of the inner glass pane 12 and allows the use of a lower-cost transparent thermoplastic polymer film as the thermoplastic interlayer 13. The visible light blocking layer 143 is laminated with the transparent conductive oxide layer 141. The visible light blocking layer 143 can be disposed on the side of the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 that is closer to the inner glass pane 12 or on the side of the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 that is away from the inner glass pane 12. As shown in FIG. 5 , the visible light blocking layer 143 is spaced apart from the transparent conductive oxide layer 141, i.e., at least one first dielectric layer 142 is disposed between the visible light blocking layer 143 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 141. It is understandable that the visible light blocking layer 143 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 can also be provided in direct contact. Preferably, the visible light blocking layer 143 and the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 are provided in direct contact and are located on the side of the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 facing away from the inner glass plate 12. This can not only reduce the visible light transmittance of the inner glass plate 12 provided with the low-emissivity film 14, but also protect the transparent conductive oxide layer 141 from damage during subsequent high-temperature heat treatment or other bending forming processes.

[0066] Please refer to Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of laminated glass provided in another embodiment of the present application. In this embodiment, the laminated glass 10 further includes an infrared reflective film 15. The infrared reflective film 15 reflects infrared rays from sunlight, thereby reducing the total solar transmittance of the laminated glass 10.

[0067] In this embodiment, the infrared reflective film 15 is disposed between the outer glass plate 11 and the inner glass plate 12. Optionally, the infrared reflective film 15 is disposed on the surface of the outer glass plate 11 facing the inner glass plate 12, that is, on the inner surface of the outer glass plate 11; or, on the surface of the inner glass plate 12 facing the outer glass plate 11, that is, on the inner surface of the inner glass plate 12; or, on the thermoplastic interlayer, that is, the infrared reflective film 15 is deposited on an organic resin film such as PC or PET, and the organic resin film with the infrared reflective film 15 is sandwiched between the thermoplastic interlayer and the outer glass plate 11 or the inner glass plate 12.

[0068] Please refer to Figure 7, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the infrared reflective film in Figure 6. In this embodiment, the infrared reflective film 15 includes at least one metal layer 151 and at least two second dielectric layers 152. Each metal layer 151 is disposed between two adjacent second dielectric layers 152.

[0069] Optionally, the material of the metal layer 151 can be selected from metals or metal alloys such as silver (Ag), gold (Au), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt). Preferably, the metal layer 151 is silver metal or a silver alloy. When the metal layer 151 is a silver alloy, the metal layer 151 is preferably an alloy of silver and at least one of gold, aluminum, copper, and platinum. It should be noted that, depending on the specific design of the infrared reflective film 15, the number of the metal layers 151 can be, but is not limited to, one, two, three, four, five, or more than five. For example, when the metal layer 151 is silver metal or a silver alloy, the infrared reflective film 15 can be, but is not limited to, a double-silver infrared reflective film, a triple-silver infrared reflective film, a quad-silver infrared reflective film, a five-silver infrared reflective film, etc.

[0070] Depending on the specific design of the infrared reflective film 15, the number of second dielectric layers 152 can be 2, 5, 8, 10, or even more. Optionally, the material of the second dielectric layer 152 can be selected from oxides of Zn, Mg, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ni, In, Al, Ce, W, Mo, Sb, and Bi, or nitrides, oxynitrides, and mixtures thereof of Si, Al, Zr, Y, Ce, and La. For example, the second dielectric layer 152 can be, but is not limited to, zinc stannate, magnesium-doped zinc stannate, zinc oxide, magnesium-doped zinc oxide, zirconium-doped zinc oxide, niobium oxide, bismuth oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, titanium oxide, titanium peroxide, and the like.

[0071] Optionally, the metal layer 151 and the second dielectric layer 152 are respectively formed by a magnetron sputtering process.

[0072] Optionally, at least one visible light blocking layer (not shown) may be provided in the infrared reflective film 15, and the thickness of the visible light blocking layer may be 3 nm to 20 nm. For example, the thickness of the visible light blocking layer may be, but is not limited to, 3 nm, 7 nm, 12 nm, 15 nm, 17 nm, 20 nm, or other values ​​between 3 nm and 20 nm. The visible light blocking layer is at least one selected from nickel-chromium alloy (NiCr), nickel-aluminum alloy (NiAl), nickel-silicon alloy (NiSi), metallic chromium (Cr), titanium nitride (TiN), niobium nitride (NbN), and titanium-molybdenum alloy (MoTi). In this embodiment, by adding a visible light blocking layer to the infrared reflective film 15, the laminated glass 10 provided with the infrared reflective film 15 can have a lower visible light transmittance, thereby enabling the use of transparent PVB instead of gray PVB, which is beneficial to reducing the manufacturing cost of the laminated glass 10.

[0073] Optionally, by setting the thickness of each metal layer 151 to 4nm to 20nm, the thickness of the metal layer 151 and the second dielectric layer 152 can be optimized. In addition, combined with the optimized design of the materials of the metal layer 151 and the second dielectric layer 152, the infrared reflective film 15 can withstand subsequent high-temperature heat treatment or other bending forming processes, and the optical properties and mechanical properties of the obtained laminated glass 10 can meet the use standards of vehicle glass.

[0074] In the laminated glass 10 corresponding to the embodiments of Figures 6 and 7 , the outer glass panel 11 is preferably clear glass or extra-clear glass, with a thickness of 1.6 mm to 4 mm and a visible light transmittance of 80% to 95%. The clear glass has a total iron content of less than or equal to 0.1%, and a visible light transmittance of greater than or equal to 80%. The extra-clear glass has a total iron content of less than or equal to 0.015%, and a visible light transmittance of greater than or equal to 90%. By selecting clear or extra-clear glass with a low total iron content, the outer glass panel 11 can reduce infrared absorption, further improving the infrared reflection efficiency of the laminated glass 10, further reducing the total solar energy transmittance of the laminated glass 10 and achieving even better thermal insulation. For example, the thickness of the outer glass plate 11 can be, but is not limited to, 1.6 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.8 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.6 mm, 4 mm, or other values ​​between 1.6 mm and 4 mm. The visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate 11 can be, but is not limited to, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, or other values ​​between 80% and 95%. Specifically, the outer glass plate 11 can be, but is not limited to, ultra-clear glass with a thickness of 2.1 mm and a visible light transmittance of 91%.

[0075] Examples 1-24 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0076] Comparative experiments were conducted using the laminated glass 10 of the above embodiment and the laminated glass 10 of the comparative example. The three indicators of visible light transmittance, chromaticity difference, and visual index of the laminated glass 10 were compared. In the following embodiments and comparative examples, white glass refers to transparent glass, green glass refers to green glass, gray glass refers to gray glass, ITO coating refers to a low-emissivity coating comprising at least one ITO layer, double silver coating refers to an infrared reflective coating comprising two silver layers, and triple silver coating refers to an infrared reflective coating comprising three silver layers.

[0077] Visible light transmittance: measured and calculated in accordance with ISO 9050 within the wavelength range of 380nm to 780nm;

[0078] Transmittance color Lab: According to the CIE Lab color model, the transmittance color L1, a1, and b1 of the laminated glass are measured. L1 is the brightness value, a1 is the red-green chromaticity value, and b1 is the yellow-blue chromaticity value.

[0079] Reflected color Lab: According to the CIE Lab color model, the reflected color L2, a2, and b2 of the laminated glass are measured from the outer surface of the outer glass plate. L2 is the brightness value, a2 is the red-green chromaticity value, and b2 is the yellow-blue chromaticity value.

[0080] Chromaticity difference: According to the formula calculate;

[0081] Visual index: According to the formula calculate.

[0082] In the first set of product experiments, comparative examples 1-2 and examples 1-11 were experimentally compared. The parameters of comparative examples 1-2 and examples 1-11 are shown in Table 1, and the measurement results are shown in Table 2.

[0083] Table 1 shows the parameters of the laminated glass 10 in Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-11.

[0084] Table 2 shows the measurement results of the laminated glass 10 in Comparative Examples 1-2 and Examples 1-11.

[0085] It can be seen from Table 1 and Table 2 that:

[0086] Comparative Example 1 uses a conventional laminated glass combination, consisting of two sheets of clear glass (white glass) and one sheet of transparent PVB. When viewed from inside or outside the vehicle, the laminated glass of Comparative Example 1 exhibits minimal color chromaticity differences, resulting in consistent color harmony between the inside and outside, and possesses excellent color difference Δab and visual index S. However, Comparative Example 1 fails to meet the requirements for low visible light transmittance and low emissivity for sunroof and side window glass. The laminated glass of Comparative Example 2 exhibits low visible light transmittance and low emissivity, but the color difference Δab exceeds 18, resulting in a significant color chromaticity difference when viewed from inside or outside the vehicle, creating a lack of color harmony between the inside and outside.

[0087] The laminated glasses 10 in Examples 1-11 meet the requirements of visible light transmittance TL = 1% to 8%, chromaticity difference Δab = 2 to 15, and visual index S = 0.8 to 2.5. In some embodiments, the chromaticity difference Δab of the laminated glasses 10 is 2 to 10, and the visual index S is 0.8 to 2. This indicates that the laminated glasses 10 in Examples 1-11 provided herein, while meeting low visible light transmittance and low emissivity, also exhibit minimal chromaticity difference when viewed from inside and outside the vehicle, resulting in consistent color harmony inside and outside, and high visual comfort.

[0088] In the second group of product experiments, Examples 12 and 13 were tested. The parameters of Examples 12 and 13 are shown in Table 3, and the measurement results are shown in Table 4.

[0089] Table 3 shows the parameters of the laminated glass 10 in Examples 12 and 13.

[0090] Table 4 shows the measurement results of the laminated glass 10 in Examples 12 and 13.

[0091] It can be seen from Table 3 and Table 4 that:

[0092] The laminated glasses 10 in Examples 12 and 13 have a visible light transmittance TL of 8% to 25%, a chromaticity difference Δab of 6 to 10, and a visual index S of 0.5 to 0.9. This indicates that the laminated glasses 10 in Examples 12 and 13 provided herein, while meeting low visible light transmittance and low-emissivity requirements, exhibit minimal chromaticity differences when viewed from inside and outside the vehicle, resulting in consistent, harmonious colors inside and outside, and high visual comfort.

[0093] In the third group of product experiments, comparative examples 3-4 and examples 14-24 were experimentally compared. The parameters of comparative examples 3-4 and examples 14-24 are shown in Table 5, and the measurement results are shown in Table 6.

[0094] Table 5 shows the parameters of the laminated glass 10 in Comparative Examples 3-4 and Examples 14-24.

[0095] Table 6 shows the measurement results of the laminated glasses 10 in Comparative Examples 3-4 and Examples 14-24.

[0096] It can be seen from Table 5 and Table 6 that:

[0097] Although the chromaticity differences Δab of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are less than 18, their visual indexes S are both greater than 3, which leads to the disadvantage of poor visual comfort.

[0098] The laminated glasses 10 in Examples 14-24 meet the requirements of visible light transmittance TL = 1% to 8%, chromaticity difference Δab = 6 to 18, and visual index S = 0.8 to 2.5. In some embodiments, the chromaticity difference Δab of the laminated glasses 10 is 6 to 15, and the visual index S = 0.8 to 1.5. Therefore, it can be concluded that the laminated glasses 10 in Examples 14-24 provided herein, while meeting low visible light transmittance, low total solar energy transmittance, and low emissivity, also exhibit minimal chromaticity difference when viewed from inside and outside the vehicle, resulting in consistent color harmony inside and outside, and high visual comfort.

[0099] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A laminated glass, characterized in that: The laminated glass comprises: External glass panels; Inner glass panel; a thermoplastic intermediate layer, the thermoplastic intermediate layer being disposed between the outer glass sheet and the inner glass sheet; and A low-emissivity film, the low-emissivity film being disposed on a surface of the inner glass plate facing away from the outer glass plate; Wherein, the visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 1% to 25%, the chromaticity difference of the laminated glass is 2 to 18, and the visual index is 0.5 to 2.

5.

2. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The visible light reflectivity of the laminated glass on the side of the low-emissivity film is less than or equal to 6%.

3. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emissivity of the laminated glass on the side of the low-emissivity film is less than or equal to 0.3, or less than or equal to 0.25, or less than or equal to 0.

2.

4. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low-emissivity film includes at least one transparent conductive oxide layer, the material of the transparent conductive oxide layer is selected from at least one of doped zinc oxide, indium tin oxide, chromium-doped nickel oxide, fluorine-doped tin oxide, and zinc tin oxide. The doped zinc oxide is zinc oxide doped with at least one element of aluminum, tungsten, hafnium, gallium, yttrium, niobium, and neodymium.

5. The laminated glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The total thickness of all the transparent conductive oxide layers is 50 nm to 300 nm.

6. The laminated glass according to claim 4, characterized in that: The low-emissivity film also includes at least two first dielectric layers, each of the transparent conductive oxide layers is located between two adjacent first dielectric layers, and the first dielectric layer is a nitride, oxide, or oxynitride of at least one element selected from Zn, Sn, Ti, Si, Al, Mg, and Zr.

7. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The laminated glass further comprises: An infrared reflective film is provided on the surface of the outer glass plate facing the inner glass plate, or on the surface of the inner glass plate facing the outer glass plate, or on the thermoplastic intermediate film.

8. The laminated glass according to claim 7, characterized in that: The infrared reflective film includes at least one metal layer and at least two second dielectric layers, each metal layer is arranged between two adjacent second dielectric layers, the metal layer is a metal or metal alloy selected from silver, gold, copper, aluminum, and platinum, and the thickness of each metal layer is 4nm to 20nm. The second dielectric layer is an oxide selected from the elements Zn, Mg, Sn, Ti, Nb, Zr, Ni, In, Al, Ce, W, Mo, Sb, and Bi, or is at least one of nitrides, nitride oxides, and mixtures thereof selected from the elements Si, Al, Zr, Y, Ce, and La.

9. The laminated glass according to claim 6 or 8, characterized in that: The low-emissivity film further comprises a visible light blocking layer, and / or, when the laminated glass further comprises an infrared reflective film, the infrared reflective film further comprises a visible light blocking layer; The material of the visible light blocking layer is selected from at least one of nickel-chromium alloy, nickel-aluminum alloy, nickel-silicon alloy, metal chromium, titanium nitride, niobium nitride, and titanium-molybdenum alloy, and the thickness of the visible light blocking layer is 3nm to 20nm.

10. The laminated glass according to claim 1, wherein: The thermoplastic intermediate layer is a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film. The visible light transmittance of the transparent thermoplastic polymer film is greater than or equal to 80%, and the visible light transmittance of the colored thermoplastic polymer film is 1% to 45%.

11. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner glass plate is transparent glass or tinted glass, the thickness of the inner glass plate is 0.7 mm to 2.1 mm, and the visible light transmittance of the inner glass plate is 25% to 95%.

12. The laminated glass according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer glass plate is tinted glass, and the visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate is 10% to 85%.

13. The laminated glass according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The outer glass plate is transparent glass or extra-transparent glass, the total iron content of the transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.1%, the total iron content of the extra-transparent glass is less than or equal to 0.015%, and the visible light transmittance of the outer glass plate is 80% to 95%.

14. The laminated glass according to claim 12, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 1% to 8%, the chromaticity difference of the laminated glass is 2 to 15, and the visual index is 0.8 to 2.

5.

15. The laminated glass according to claim 12, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 8% to 25%, the chromaticity difference of the laminated glass is 6 to 10, and the visual index is 0.5 to 0.

9.

16. The laminated glass according to claim 13, characterized in that: The visible light transmittance of the laminated glass is 1% to 8%, the chromaticity difference of the laminated glass is 6 to 18, and the visual index is 0.8 to 2.

5.

17. A vehicle, characterized in that: The vehicle comprises: body; and The laminated glass according to any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the laminated glass is installed on the vehicle body.

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