Tracked compact all-terrain vehicle with electromechanical transmission

Abstract

The invention relates to all-terrain and snow and marsh vehicles with electromechanical transmissions. A tracked compact all-terrain vehicle comprises a main body, track assemblies, a combined internal combustion engine and generator, fuel tanks, two electric traction motors, each of which is connected to its own traction inverter, an energy storage unit, and a control unit. The main body comprises a floor, a roof and walls, which form a common internal water-displacing useful space combined with additional water-displacing useful spaces situated inside the contour of the track assemblies. The electric traction motors are mounted in the front part of the main body in a unit with reduction drives and are connected to a drive wheel assembly by a universal joint or are mounted outside the front part of the main body and are configured in the form of motor-in-wheel assemblies which act directly as driving wheels. The combined internal combustion engine and generator is mounted in the additional water-displacing useful space inside one of the track assembly contours. The energy storage unit is mounted in the opposite water-displacing useful space inside the other track assembly contour and is equal in weight to the combined internal combustion engine and generator. Fuel tanks are mounted in both of the water-displacing useful spaces of the track assembly contours. The invention allows a reduction in weight and size parameters, enables correct distribution of weight and increases the amount of useful space for accommodating crew and cargo.

Description

[0001] SMALL-SIZE TRACKED ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLE WITH ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

[0002] Field of technology to which the invention relates

[0003] The invention relates to transport equipment, or more precisely, to all-terrain vehicles and snow and swamp vehicles.

[0004] State of the art

[0005] The prior art discloses an all-terrain technological tracked vehicle comprising an amphibious chassis in the form of a displacement hull with a driver-operator cabin, tracked propellers, an engine compartment located in the displacement hull, technological equipment with autonomous control, made in the form of lifting and / or earthmoving and / or drilling and / or pumping equipment, wherein the hydraulic system of the technological equipment is connected by hydraulic lines to a hydraulic pump mounted on the chassis transfer case, and is equipped with propellers or water jets.

[0006] Also known from the prior art is an all-terrain vehicle (RU2549300C1, 27.04.2015), comprising a boat hull, an internal combustion engine, wheels, lever-spring wheel suspensions, a winch, a hydraulic drive for the all-terrain vehicle propeller on water, a driver's cabin with an all-terrain vehicle control system, a passenger compartment, doors in the rear part of the passenger compartment, while inside the boat hull there is a power frame on which a multi-fuel diesel engine with a hydraulic pumping station, power units and a water jet are located, on the outside of the left and right sides of the hull there are front and rear mechanisms for radial lifting of wheel units mounted and secured to the power frame, driven by hydraulic motors for lowering and raising the wheel units, the left and right wheel units are identical structures consisting of load-bearing crossbars pivotally secured to the radial lifting mechanisms, while on each crossbar there are four independent spring-hydraulic wheel suspensions consisting of a system of levers,located parallel to the crossbar, and the housing of the centrifugal hydraulic motor having a wheel hub is fixed to the base of the lower lever, while the power transmission of torque is carried out by hydraulic fluid through a system of pipelines to the hydraulic motors of all wheels, to the hydraulic motor of the water jet, hydraulic motors of the actuators, and the distribution, intensity and direction of the flow of hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic motors of the actuators is carried out by a control system with computer 5 programming.

[0007] The disadvantages of these solutions are an overly complex and unreliable design, hung with a lot of additional devices and having a large number of mechanical connections; in addition, these solutions have large mass and dimensions, incorrect weight distribution, are not designed for movement at a high maximum speed and far from filling stations, have a short mileage between repairs, require large labor costs for repair and maintenance, and do not have sufficient useful space to accommodate the crew and cargo.

[0008] Disclosure of invention

[0009] 15

[0010] The technical task is to create a small-sized, reliable and simple in design all-terrain vehicle with a minimum number of mechanical connections, with small weight and dimensions, designed for movement at a high maximum speed and away from filling stations, including under any climatic conditions, with a short mileage between repairs and not requiring large labor costs for repair and maintenance, with the best weight distribution and sufficient useful space to accommodate the crew and cargo.

[0011] Technical result: simplification of the design and increase in reliability, reduction of weight and dimensions, provision of movement at high maximum speed and away from filling stations, including in any climatic conditions, provision of the best weight distribution and increased useful space for accommodating the crew and cargo, increase in the time between repairs and reduction of labor costs for repair and maintenance.

[0012] The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission contains a power frame, tracked propellers, as well as an internal combustion engine-generator installed in the power frame and connected to each other, which in turn is connected to two gas tanks, two traction electric motors, each of which is connected to its own traction inverter, an energy storage device and a control unit, wherein the power frame contains a floor, a roof and walls that form a common internal useful displacement space, combined with additional displacement useful spaces located on both sides of the common internal useful displacement space in the under-track bypass of the propellers,wherein the traction electric motors are installed in the front part of the power frame in a block with gearboxes and are connected to the drive wheel unit by a cardan transmission to organize the front drive of the tracked mover or are installed outside the front part of the power frame and are made in the form of directly electric motors-wheels as drive wheels, and the internal combustion engine-generator is installed on the floor of the power frame in its rear part, the fuel tanks are installed on both sides of the all-terrain vehicle, between the internal combustion engine-generator and the traction electric motors, partly on the floor of the power frame in the common internal useful displacement space and partly with placement in the additional useful displacement space of the under-track bypass of the movers, and the energy storage device is installed on the floor of the power frame between the traction electric motors and the fuel tanks.

[0013] In addition, the internal combustion engine generator, traction electric motors and energy storage are electrically connected to each other via a high-voltage switching unit via a CAN bus and control wires.

[0014] In addition, the high-voltage switching unit has an insulation monitoring system with continuous measurement of insulation resistance and sending their values ​​to the CAN bus.

[0015] In addition, only two traction motors-reducers have a mechanical connection, and all other transmission elements are connected to each other exclusively via the CAN bus and control wires.

[0016] In addition, the internal combustion engine generator is connected to the high-voltage switching unit via an AC-DC converter.

[0017] In addition, a DC-AC inverter is additionally connected to the high-voltage switching unit.

[0018] In addition, the energy storage device is equipped with a BMS system.

[0019] In addition, the energy storage device is equipped with a temperature control unit.

[0020] In addition, the compact tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission is additionally equipped with a low-voltage switching unit, connected on one side to the main control unit and controls, and on the other side to a high-voltage switching unit via a DC-DC converter, combined with the on-board charger unit.

[0021] In addition, the total internal useful displacement space, 5 combined with the additional useful displacement space located in the under-track bypass of the propellers, is completely protected from dust and water.

[0022] Brief description of the drawings

[0023] 10

[0024] Fig. 1 - The main design elements of an all-terrain vehicle with traction electric motors installed in the front part of the power frame in a block with gearboxes and connected to the drive wheel assembly by a cardan transmission, isometric view;

[0025] .15 Fig. 2 - Main design elements of an all-terrain vehicle with traction electric motors installed in the front part of the power frame in a block with gearboxes and connected to the drive wheel assembly by a cardan transmission, top view;

[0026] Fig. 3 - Main design elements of an all-terrain vehicle with traction electric motors installed in the front part of the power frame in a block with 20 gearboxes and connected to the drive wheel assembly by a cardan transmission, front view;

[0027] Fig. 4 - The main design elements of an all-terrain vehicle with traction electric motors installed outside the front part of the power frame and made in the form of directly electric motor-wheels as the driving '25 wheels, isometric view;

[0028] Fig. 5 - Main structural elements of an all-terrain vehicle with traction electric motors installed outside the front part of the power frame and made in the form of direct electric motor-wheels as drive wheels, top view; zo Fig. 6 - Main structural elements of an all-terrain vehicle with traction electric motors installed outside the front part of the power frame and made in the form of direct electric motor-wheels as drive wheels, front view; Fig. 7 - Electrical connection diagram of structural elements.

[0029] The following elements are marked with positions on the figures:

[0030] 1 - internal combustion engine generator;

[0031] 2 - Gas tanks;

[0032] 3 - Traction electric motor;

[0033] 4 - Energy storage (battery);

[0034] 5 - Reducer;

[0035] 6 - Drive wheel;

[0036] 7 - Traction inverter;

[0037] 8 - Control unit;

[0038] 9 - Energy storage thermal control unit;

[0039] 10 - High-voltage switching unit;

[0040] 11 - AC-DC converter;

[0041] 12 - DC-AC inverter;

[0042] 13 - Low voltage switching unit;

[0043] 14 - Instrument cluster;

[0044] 15 - CAN logger;

[0045] 16 - DC-DC converter;

[0046] 17 - On-board charger unit.

[0047] Implementation of the invention

[0048] The claimed small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission contains a power frame, tracked propellers, as well as an internal combustion engine generator 1 (a generator module consisting of an internal combustion engine rotating a synchronous generator on permanent magnets of alternating current) installed in the power frame and connected to each other, which in turn is connected to two gas tanks 2, two traction electric motors 3, each of which is connected to its own traction inverter 7, an energy storage device (battery) 4 and a control unit 8.

[0049] The power frame contains a floor, roof and walls that form a common internal useful displacement space, combined with additional useful displacement spaces located on both sides of the common internal useful displacement space in the undertrack contour of the propellers.

[0050] In this case, the traction electric motors 2 of both sides can be installed in the front part of the power frame in a block with gearboxes 5 and connected to the drive wheel unit 6 by a cardan transmission to organize the front drive of the tracked mover (Fig. 1, 2, 3) or can be installed outside the front part of the power frame and made in the form of directly electric motor-wheels as drive wheels (Fig. 4, 5, 6).

[0051] The internal combustion engine generator 1 is mounted on the floor of the power frame in its rear or middle part, and the fuel tanks 2 are mounted on both sides of the all-terrain vehicle, between the internal combustion engine generator 1 and the traction electric motors 3, partly on the floor of the power frame in the common internal useful displacement space and partly with placement in the additional useful displacement space of the undertrack bypass of the propellers. The fuel tanks 2 have the same design, the same capacity and overflow system. The energy storage device 4 is mounted on the floor of the power frame between the traction electric motors 3 and the fuel tanks 2, and is equipped with the BMS system and the temperature control unit 9. Such arrangement of the internal combustion engine generator, fuel tanks and the energy storage device is necessary, among other things, to increase the useful volume for fuel, to increase the useful space for the crew and / or cargo, and to improve the weight distribution.Creating an ideal weight distribution provides uniform support on the supporting surface, which in conditions of weak soils or water improves the qualities of cross-country ability and non-sag, which in turn is a huge plus for any all-terrain vehicle. The presence of a BMS system and a thermal control unit in the battery can additionally ensure reliable and long-term operation of both the battery itself and the entire transmission as a whole, allowing the all-terrain vehicle to move for a long time away from filling stations in any weather conditions.

[0052] The internal combustion engine generator 1, traction electric motors 3 with inverters 7 and energy storage 4 are electrically connected to each other through a high-voltage switching unit 10 by means of a CAN bus and control wires. In this case, only the traction electric motors-reducers have a mechanical connection, and all other transmission elements are connected to each other exclusively via a CAN bus and control wires. Such simplicity of design (without many mechanical connections and additional elements) ensures its high reliability and operability, minimal maintenance, increased mileage between repairs, low weight and dimensions of the all-terrain vehicle, and other advantages listed here.

[0053] The high-voltage switching unit 10 has an insulation monitoring system with continuous measurement of insulation resistance and sending their values ​​to the CAN bus.

[0054] As can be seen from the diagram (Fig. 7), the internal combustion engine generator 1 of the all-terrain vehicle is connected to the high-voltage switching unit 10 via the AC-DC converter 11, while the DC-AC inverter 12 is additionally connected to the high-voltage switching unit 10. In addition, the all-terrain vehicle is equipped with a low-voltage switching unit 13, connected on one side to the main control unit 8, instrument cluster 14, CAN logger 15, standard battery, ignition switch and controls, and on the other side to the high-voltage switching unit 10 via the DC-DC converter 16, combined with the unit 17 of the on-board charger with an output to a 220-volt outlet.

[0055] The high-voltage switching unit (HVSU) is designed for:

[0056] - Providing centralized connection of all high-voltage transmission units;

[0057] - Ensuring protection of units that do not have their own high-current protection systems (fuses);

[0058] - Availability of our own insulation control system with continuous measurement of insulation resistance and sending their values ​​to the CAN bus;

[0059] - Presence of light status indication on the body (ready / not ready).

[0060] Low voltage switching unit (LVSU) is designed for:

[0061] - Centralized connection of all low-voltage devices and distribution of electrical energy between low-voltage consumers of the all-terrain vehicle’s EMT;

[0062] - Connection and disconnection of low-voltage consumers upon command from the main control unit.

[0063] The energy storage device is designed for:

[0064] - Efficient energy accumulation, storage and distribution between internal storage units (battery balancing) and stable energy output to consumers. Has a liquid circuit for connecting the cooling and heating system.

[0065] The thermal control unit for the energy storage device is designed for:

[0066] - Ensuring cooling of the energy storage device temperature to the operating temperature and preheating of the energy storage device when starting at sub-zero temperatures.

[0067] The main control unit (MCU) is used to control all elements of the EMT. The units of all EMT systems of the all-terrain vehicle are connected to the MCU via a digital communication bus, and is intended for:

[0068] - Providing generation of control signals for all connected units;

[0069] - Processing of telemetry information;

[0070] - Implementation of preset control rules depending on the information received (standard and emergency operating algorithms).

[0071] - Speed / torque control of traction motors;

[0072] - Control of charge / discharge current of energy storage device;

[0073] - Control of the power of the AC-DO converter of the generator;

[0074] - Control of on-board charger;

[0075] - Distribution of torque along the sides;

[0076] - Control of the accumulator temperature control unit;

[0077] - Control of switching on consumers (for example, cooling system pumps and fans) via a low-voltage switching unit;

[0078] - Ensuring a reduction in the power of traction drives when the temperature of motors or inverters increases;

[0079] - Ensuring a reduction in currents or power of the AC-DO converter depending on the temperature state of the internal combustion engine, generator or the converter itself;

[0080] - Ensuring a reduction in the charge-discharge currents of the storage device depending on the permissible currents generated by the energy storage device control system;

[0081] - Ensuring the process of charging the energy storage device when the ignition key is removed;

[0082] - Ensuring the response of the control system in case of insulation damage based on insulation monitoring data in the VKB;

[0083] - Providing the ability to calibrate system parameters (e.g. maximum speed, maximum traction forces, steering system coefficients, etc.) via a Windows service application;

[0084] - Providing processing of fuel level sensor signals;

[0085] - Ensuring processing of signals from the internal combustion engine temperature sensor in the event of a lack of temperature data in the CAN bus of the internal combustion engine control unit.

[0086] The on-board CAN bus data recording module (CAN logger) is designed for:

[0087] - Ensuring the storage of on-board CAN bus data in non-volatile memory for a period of at least 24 hours in unprocessed form.

[0088] The instrument cluster is designed to:

[0089] - Display of current information on the state of EMT components.

[0090] The driving mode selector is designed for:

[0091] - Switching the EMT to the mode - forward / neutral / reverse

[0092] Traction electric motors are designed for:

[0093] - Conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy to propel a vehicle.

[0094] Traction inverters are designed for:

[0095] - Ensuring long-term operation of traction electric motors at rated power over the entire range of operating voltages (operating charge level) of the energy storage device

[0096] The generator module consists of an internal combustion engine that rotates a synchronous generator with permanent magnets of alternating current and is designed to:

[0097] The AC-DC converter is designed for:

[0098] - Conversion of alternating current generated by the generator module into direct current for the energy storage device.

[0099] DC-DC converter is designed for:

[0100] - Reducing high-voltage direct current to 12-volt direct current to power on-board electrical devices and charge the standard 12-volt battery.

[0101] The on-board charger is designed for:

[0102] - Providing energy storage device with charge from external sources.

[0103] DC-AC inverter is designed for:

[0104] - Conversion of high-voltage direct current into household alternating current electricity for domestic needs.

[0105] The electronic steering column sensor is designed for:

[0106] - Creation of a steering column angle-dependent signal for the GBU, to ensure different speeds on the traction electric motors when turning. The total internal useful displacement space, combined with an additional useful displacement space located in the undertrack bypass of the propellers, and accordingly the electric transmission, are completely protected from dust and water.

[0107] With such a design, the declared all-terrain vehicle has the ability to move from a place in conditions of difficult geometric cross-country ability (steep climbs, ravines, exit from a float onto ice, etc.) on the principle of an electric locomotive (which moves a huge mass of cargo). Using the property of an electric motor to create maximum torque on the shaft in the speed range from 0 km / h to maximum provides the ability of the all-terrain vehicle to overcome obstacles with maximum effort at minimum speed, which significantly increases the all-terrain capabilities of the all-terrain vehicle compared to traditional transmission designs. Moving under extreme off-road conditions at minimum speed significantly increases the safety, comfort and safety of the all-terrain vehicle.

[0108] Including by using a lower-power generator to recharge the battery and operating it in a higher efficiency mode, the overall range of the all-terrain vehicle increases.

[0109] The use of electric transmission allowed to abandon almost all mechanical connections, which made it possible to use various layout solutions with uniform weight distribution, which is very important for any all-terrain vehicle on a weak supporting surface and on water. The design is universal - depending on the layout need, it can provide front or rear drive of a tracked all-terrain vehicle and create an ideal weight distribution of the machine.

[0110] It also provides the possibility of using the all-terrain vehicle as a power station for household electricity, far from energy sources.

[0111] In addition, the placement of all-terrain vehicle elements partially in the undertrack space will significantly increase the useful space of the vehicle, which in turn, due to the release, will make this vehicle completely universal and multi-variant for use.

[0112] The use of an electromechanical transmission will make it possible to make an articulated tracked vehicle that significantly increases the all-terrain capabilities in overcoming obstacles. To do this, it is necessary to connect the all-terrain vehicle to a free ball coupling with a similar vehicle that has an electromechanical transmission. Unlike permanently articulated all-terrain vehicles, this can be done for a short time, only to overcome heavy types of obstacles. The electric transmission of the declared all-terrain vehicle has the best indicator for the ratio of vehicle weight / traction on the hook and is designed to move the vehicle at a high maximum speed due to the low weight of the entire structure and the use of an advanced suspension.

[0113] The above-described all-terrain vehicle has a simple and reliable design, it is not hung with a lot of additional devices and has a minimum of mechanical connections, while it has an improved correct weight distribution and increased useful space for accommodating, for example, a crew and / or cargo, can move away from gas stations in any weather conditions, having a short mileage between repairs and not requiring large labor costs for repair and maintenance.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION 1. A compact tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, characterized in that it contains a power frame, tracked propellers, as well as an internal combustion engine generator installed in the power frame and connected to each other, which in turn is connected to two gas tanks, two traction electric motors, each of which is connected to its own traction inverter, an energy storage device and a control unit, wherein the power frame contains a floor, a roof and walls that form a common internal useful displacement space, combined with additional useful displacement spaces located on both sides of the common internal useful displacement space in the under-track bypass of the propellers,wherein the traction electric motors are installed in the front part of the power frame in a block with gearboxes and are connected to the drive wheel unit by a cardan transmission for organizing the front drive of the tracked mover or are installed outside the front part of the power frame and are made directly in the form of electric motors-wheels as drive wheels, and the internal combustion engine generator is installed on the floor of the power frame in its rear part, the fuel tanks are installed on both sides of the all-terrain vehicle, between the internal combustion engine generator and the traction electric motors, partly on the floor of the power frame in the common internal useful displacement space and partly with placement in the additional useful displacement space of the under-track bypass of the movers, and the energy storage device is installed on the floor of the power frame between the traction electric motors and the fuel tanks.

2. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the internal combustion engine generator, traction electric motors and energy storage device are electrically connected to each other through a high-voltage switching unit via a CAN bus and control wires.

3. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, according to paragraph 2, characterized in that the high-voltage switching unit has an insulation monitoring system with continuous measurement of insulation resistance and sending its values ​​to the CAN bus.

4. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, according to paragraph 1, characterized in that there are only two traction electric motor-reducers 12 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) have a mechanical connection, and all other transmission elements are connected to each other exclusively via the CAN bus and control wires.

5. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the internal combustion engine generator is connected to a high-voltage switching unit via an AC-DC converter.

6. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, according to paragraph 1, characterized in that a DC-AC inverter is additionally connected to the high-voltage switching unit.

7. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the energy storage device is equipped with a BMS system.

8. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the energy storage device is equipped with a thermal control unit.

9. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a low-voltage switching unit, connected on one side to the main control unit and controls, and on the other side to a high-voltage switching unit via a DC-DC converter, combined with an on-board charging unit.

10. A small-sized tracked all-terrain vehicle with an electromechanical transmission, ■ according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the total internal useful displacement space, combined with the additional useful displacement space located in the under-track bypass of the propellers, is completely protected from dust and water. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)

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