Methods and devices for candidate derivation for affine merge mode in video coding

Abstract

Methods for video decoding and encoding, apparatuses and non-transitory storage media are provided. The method for video decoding includes: obtaining, by a decoder, a plurality of first motion vectors of a plurality of sub-blocks of a current block, based on a subblock-based temporal motion vector prediction (SbTMVP) mode; deriving, by the decoder, a set of linear model parameters by inputting the plurality of first motion vectors and a plurality of center positions of the plurality of sub-blocks to a linear regression process; and obtaining, by the decoder, a plurality of predictions of the plurality of sub-blocks based on the set of linear model parameters.

Description

[0001]ornee.: . - o. e,res,en e acaonse uon an camsroro..rovsona caon oeneoonne,” “ee oonsu anusev,ceso,rean enraeervaonorneere reerenceor auroses. e o wcsncororae nomeeor,e mseenossc aonsur ae rearaaeuss oon vmeoro cvonn aen a cnomeresson, annarcuaru ane moonrecon moen a veo encon orecon merrocees csa.naeervaonor ao oreas voeo cos suore a vare o eecroncevces, suc asaeevsons, a meaaers,m vueoers,amane comuers, a cameras, a recornevces, veo sreamnevces, ec consoes, smarones, veoeeconerencnevces, communcaea veoaa. acre eecroncevcesransm an receve or oerwse aa on a soraeevce.ueo aomss a communcaon newor, anor soreea veo anme memor resources oe seoraanewevc caac oe communcaon newor e veoaa accorno one or more veo cone, v saneoa con mae useo comress sore.or exame, veo con sanarsncueersarseeorees communcae or xoraonesoe , -cenc eoon o.on ,on on .,ovncurexerrou co ,vance eo enera uzesrecon meose..,ner-recon,nran-r,e orceone.eo con ae avanae o reunancnerenne veoaa.eo con ams,o o cromeresse veao ornee.: . uaaan.o aorma uses aower rae, we avon or mnmzneraaonso veo moon veecorres ceannasceosuerrevaroovneosr e mxaomones oreecconnues reanomrovne econ moen a veo encon or meococr roo vrce enss. oeoco anrs,n acsueces o: oaennres,en aesccosure, some emomensrove a o aura o su-ocs oer, aura ors moon vecors vecorrecon o mo a ceurreernvno,c,aeseec oon aer s,u a seo oc-naeseemora moon nuneura ors moon vecor ar moearameers ura o su-ocso an s an aura o cenerosons oe orecons oeurae oar s rue-resosconsarsoeces osn ane o sea onnne, eecoer, aura ccorno a secon asec oe ar moearameers. meoo resenscosure, some emomensrove a vecors or a vueroa enco o snu,-ncocusn o: a o cuarrnen, an encoer, aura ors moon moon vecor noc,ase on a suoc-aseemora a recon moeervn, e encoer, a se onear moe orameeeurrsan ou sun-ocesuora ane oar rresr moon vecors an aura o cenerosons ura orecons oeura oe ssuso-norcocsessas aen o onanen se, oene eanrco meor,e a aramee veoeccr ocs.ornn.oe a aar asec oeresenscosure,eresrove an aarausor one or morerocessors arnau csonncuues one or morerocessors an a memor coueoe rocessors.urermore,e one orr meoreo sroocreensrucons execuae e one or more conureoerorme meo accornossoers,rs u aosne ecxe acuovoen. oensrucons, are ornee.: . or veoc ecnocronn.o aeo aurar aasec oeresenscosure,eresrove an aaraus e one or morerocessors an cuosnncuureeso on seo orr morerocessors an a memor coueo rocessors.urermore,e one or morerocesseornss, urucono ens execuae e one or more conureoerorme m xecuon oensrucons, are ccorno a aseeco accornoe secon asec aove. comuer-reaae sorae meu om seorrnesen comscuoesru-reex,eeresrove a non-ransor execue one or more comuerrocessors, causee onecu ora meoren csormucuoenrsa, wen erorme meo accornoers asec a rocessorso coxmuerc-croeraaneo s ao srxae a msec oeresensocvoes.ure,eresrove a non-ransor e eum sorn comuer-execuaensruconsa, wen eercourmee m onee or more comuerrocessors, causee one or more comuerrocessorso ccornoo a acc soervenoe secon asec aove. ra n asec oeresenscosure,eresrove a non- mensoor acc coomuer-reaae sorae meumor sorn asreamoeecoe e ccornoers asec aove. ransor cormnuero-r aenaa ee sor aaseec me oumeorre ssoenscosure,eresrove a non- accornoe secon ase rn asreamenerae e meo recevncc aornsreaom a, n wnc ere as a neocve e o. serresenscosure,eresrove a meoor ecoe e meo eam comrses encoe veonormaonoe ccorno ae anccor asneco oeers asec aove. ransmn as resenscosure,eresrove a meoor enerae e mereoam a,cc worernenoee secsorneam ase ccom arovsees. encoe veonormaon ornee.: . r morearcuarescron oe exames oeresenscosure we renere rawenersenceeco o snec socm eexamesusraene aenerawns.venaese e exames weescr exeam anes e axna are noereore consereoemnn scoe, e use oe acc ne w aona secc aneasrou veooc.sns a aom ccoorcann ancea wramrawn somuss er.amnem anen exaemonsa or sesermor encon anecon omeme.s aocaramusran a esenscosure. s n exemar veo encoern accorance w someme.men mens aao aoon ncs o s oae eramresenusrascnosu arne. exemar veoecoern accorance w arone.no murou r e veo aerseen ocoscscos oaur erre ea. nms szeuss arnan saeoswn a accrames recursvememenaons oeresen orance w some resensc.s aocaramsc oos aunre e.ncoern accorance w some exames oe scosure..ossur ae.ocaram o aecoern accorance w some exames oeresen resensc.ousraes-arameer ane moen accorance w some exames oe resensc.sureu.sraes-arameer ane moen accorance w some exames oe resensc.osurues.raes-arameer ane moen accorance w some exames oe accorance.osur wue ss. ormaee esx aamaceens o neeroersennosccossuorre.nere ane mere canaesn ornee.: .n accoran.ceusraes aacen neornocsor consruce ane mere canaes canaes. w n accoru s asom nrcae ee e wsxa nmo sno-e mas o ea ecxeaner m ne eesen s oorscnosureo.csornere ane mere . usraeservaon o con eresenscosure. neornocsn accorance w somseru ecxaem aesn oe meere canaes usn non-aacen e. usraeserencuar sc resenscosure. accoranc annn o non-aacen neornocsn w some. w s examuo esm sre oa eexsam earraes ese o en scane snnrese on nonsc-aosuacreen. neornocsn accorance neorn.ocsusnra acecsor coamncen wec seo orsu mer ene. excaumare asn oaerareesen scansncnosu ore non-aacen . usraes neorocs w e same sze ase cur. accorance w some exames oeres renocn accorance. w somuser eaxes neorocesn wsc aosuree.ren szeane currenocn . usraeasm an eexs oeresenscosure. or rmos ame oeoom-e oro-r oc oeoommos currensanceocn ancc aorraenvcoeu wss sances use aseoommos or rmosoc o a . usrae ome exames oeresenscosure. o s an exame oee orooc oeoommos or rmos scancnene accroervaonucse wsan scoes use aseoommos or rmosoc oe curren aove an.e nonu-saraaceesn scam nnenen exam oronseson o osc ae sore n aose cmn co-esc anosuroe.-r osons useor resenscosure. rance w some exames oe ornee.: . ane no.n-aaceunsr naees scaonrnnosons aoom-r osons useoro aove scosure. nocsn accorance w some exames oeresene . usraes scannnosons aoom-e sc nosounr-ea.acen neornocsn accorance wo sosmeon esx uasmeeosr oo aeovrees aenne non-a.acen nuesraeosr scnannnocosons ao-r osons useoro aove an scosure. sn accorance w some exames oeresen canaes.n accorusanracee ws a sme scannnrocessorervn consruce mere . usraes some exames oeresenscosure. accorance w some exam saesa o neeroesresnorsecrovsunnere ane mere canaesnn accoran.ce wu ssormaee esx samaa neorsorervnre. consruce ane mere canaes s. usraes an exaems oeeresenscosure. ane con oneranceaseervaon meoorervn .ruceus carnaesaeemsna aecc aonra rneceer w some exames oeresenscosure. reerencesn accorance w some exaemncees sa omees ores aeemaen reerences an . usraesemae an reerence sa nscosure. oc moon usne moonn mes o aemaeoroc w su- w some exames oerormaon oe suocs o a currenocn accorance . usr esenscosure. a sze one aareeas a ano evxeam anee w oere neo cnu-raacen saa areas resrceoe wn oeresens ren n accorance w some exames aou an a. co ne cous esurrae. oecs one sonra aceco mreanoce w or seocme e sxaavmne as one meoreosennnosrcmoasuroen. ornee.: .normaon. a eacu susr-aeosc onne sorae meo oroecn an savn ane moon . usraes an exa amccoer oanc ues wn ce snomeer exoamneos oeeresenscosure. moon a eacx reuarocn accorance w some examesr ove reerueasernransscaona .s aaramusran a comun envronm osure.n accorance w som en coue w a usernerace a aranua.rruesarearees e a ax nnam exea mmes o nem oe um sor aresnen ne mosc oconosu sznre eo.rmaon o an ane-coeoc oeresensco n accorance w some exames reerence a.n ruess eru rare ee. nsce menr acec moroaen w searcons resecven . usraes an examec oe w mo soonm seo erxaameoers n oon-aearecesennscosure.ncun ane neors an non-ane ne saa neors saa areaeon a ors wen aowae non-aacen resenscos curren conree un n accorance w some exames oencun a.ure. ne neusraores ans e axnam noen- oa mnoe noen soroareosr m noono-an sacen saa neors accorance w some exames oraenneuern . usraes an exam oee orersoenscosure. wen a scanne non-aacen neoroesceon ors ceeon non-ea aacoewna neeorosons accorance w some exames oer saa arean . usraes anoer examesene oscorsoure. osone scanne non-aacen neorosonesceeocnee a noonw-ea sacaena a nreeaor eon curren an avaaeneuer,n acc , e.., resenscosure. orance w some exames oe ornee.: . exsn sor.ae o-rusrae an access o non-aacen ane moonnormaonrom resensc ansaona moonnormaonn accorance w some exames oe exsn so.osur rae o-e. ransuasornaae m ano acocnesns oorm naono-aacen ane moonnormaonrom .-n accoran n usnewer sorenormaonan . us ce w some exames oeresenscosure. ecore raea nraemeeorrnerva xon sun aocccosrana are useoreressonaseoon scosure. ce w some exames oeresen curren an.eusranes ac ccuorrreanncerocessn orer ans avaae reerence samesn . usra w some exames oeresenscosure. sn accorance we ssomae exnam canes oaeseorrese reacemen oe zero-vecorne . usraes reerence areaor enscosure. some exames wen m,ns coen accorance w some exam. o es ousereaeressen resceroesnucree. areaor camera-caure conenn accoranc exames oe ar e w . usreessennrasceomsurea.e macn searc arean accorance w some me exam. reusesnscosure. so raes saa neornocs use n accorance w .es ouesrraeesesnescosure. saa neor an rvn su- moone an a moon s rom sn accorance w sca sonme eexa mmoeosn onoermaonrome corresonn coocae su- .usraeseerenceeweeresenscosure. ^^, ^^ an e sne same comueor sameocaonsome examesuooceresenosecsousureo.co wc same^ ^^, ^^eonsn accorance w ornee.: . some exam.es os aeowres cenarscuossran a meoor veoeconn accorance w meoor. veso aeocwo cnar as suoswruare nn. n a m.eono arcc veo encon corresonnoe resenscosure. orance w some exames oe areusreaeerennce we ac ncoowmaen manernawenas.on seccmemenaons, exames o wc non-mn secce eoowneaeescron, numerous reseneeren.u vaarosu asre a seernoarvesn m oraereo asssn unersanne suec maer cames ane suec mae use wouearnrome scoe o su r maeracce wouese secceas.or exame,e ac v maerreseneeren canememene on manes o eecroncevces w escron seo ,o c cuaa amsees ou.serareesenasceosuerrem,s an “rs,e” a “csceocomna,n” annraee usene snus oecs, an no useoescre a wns are useo unersooaea n secc orer or seuence. soue sucae emomaen usse onesr wesaen mascoesunreercesacnree uner an arorae conon, orerses.esose sownne a eren maememenen scosure ccomannrawns orescreneresen veooc.sns aaroacena arcacmoraunscrea wn an so emxeemmar ssemor encon anecon s sownn.,e ssemncues a sourceevecmeenaaonsen oeraees arnese enncoscosure. aaoeecoe a aaerme aesnaonevce.e es veo esnaonevce ma comrse an o sourceevce ane servers, server comuers,eso orao a w come vaureers, oa eecroncevces,ncun cou ooxes, aeevsons, cameras,saevces,ea c momeuaersa, semrsa,r veooneasm, sen- ornee.: . c aonnsoees,e vsenoa sorneamevnceev ace, oree.n somememenaons,e sourceevce n somememenre eue w wreess communcaon caaes. aaoee aons,eesnaonevce ma recevee encoe veo orevce cacoaee v oa a monvn.ee enncoe ma v ceoomrasae arnomee o s cooumrcmeunevcaceon meum esnaonevce.n one exame,en ma comrse a comm oe enaee sourceevceoransme encoe uncaon meumo evce n reame.e encoe veoaa veoaarecoeesnaon communcaon sanar, suc as a mae mouae accorno a esnaonevce.e commu wncreaeossn c momemuumnc maaon cormoorcsoe, a ann wrarnesmesse oroe communcaon meum, suc as aaoreuenc secrum wre ransmssonnes.e communcaon or one or moresca suc as aoca area newor, a we-area m neewumor m,a or aormoaar ne owo ara scuce- asasee nnewor, e communcaon meum mancue rouers, swces erne. eumena mae useuoacae com ,ase saons, or an oer esnao muncaonrome sourceevceoe ouunnn e sormev acec e oeeor. am soreameeneavcoens,.eu ensecoueen v,eoe eancao mea veeoransmerom an evce mae accesse eesnaonevce va an aane sorae evce mancue an o a vare osrue nunerace.e sorae suc as aarrve,u-ra oroca accesseaa sorae mea emores- s,as mescms, aersaess s,omacscea-n a sor or, voae or non-voae memor, or an oer suae evce maae c moreresaoonr soor ane seerv eenrc oor aeno vereonearma.en aurer exame,e sorae e encoe veoaaenerae e sourc ae soraeevcea mao accesse sore veoaarom eevce.eesnaonevce ma server mae ane o comuere ca soaraee oe svocren vea e sncreoamen v oerooawan aonarnan.smene ornee.: . sereve ernceo.e.,o vr aeo weasaeo, aeeesrannaseonevce.xemare serversncue a we evces, or aocasr rrooco server,eworaceorae aarou an s ve.eesnaonevce ma accesse encoe veo e - conannecaron,a aa w corenne ccononne,cnocnue.n., a wraeesus cscrannereen.e., areess moem, ec., or a comnaon ooas suaeor acces , cae on ae server.eransmsson oe sn encoe veoaa sore a sreamnransm encoe veoaarome soraeevce mae s sownsson, aownoaransmsson, or a comnaon oo. ane ouunner.ac,ee. sourece veevoc seourcencu meas a vnceuoe so aur scoeurce, a s veo encoer caurnevce, e.., a veo camera, a veo a uc as a veo veoeenneraceo rcve conannrevous caure veo, a racs ssemorenera rence cvoem vueeorrroam acs vaeoa a csoneen sourrocev vere,o anor a comuer o suc sources.s one exame, e veo s , or a comnaon surveance ssem,e s ources a veo camera o a secur ones or veoones.oouwrceevere,vceem aenmeneaoenssnaescorneevncee mreaseno arm camera mae acaeo veo connenera, an mae aeo wrees caon acaon s anor wre encoeres . c.aeu erenc,oree-c vaeuore, or comuer-enerae veo mae encoe e veo vae ouunerace oaa maeransmerecoeesnaonevce aernavee sore onoe seor saouerceevceevceor.aere a ecncecsose veeoesanaa monae avsoceor o mro oemer anevocres a,orransemcoenr. aneo erncoaeac v.eoea oua muan cerace maurerncue a eac o wc ma comrse one o omrse a seuence ocures, monocrome r more same arras,or exame,uma onor asonowumna a asnwo comroamna.nor convre onrence oo noomaanon o arnreeenr,mnuoe,o ann rens ornee.: . a arracsa moan,n some emomens, varaes anerms assocae w eac se oree same o as ane rre, reerrearoes ass oumae a ancu caroma, wereewo croma arras mae reerre maen a cromaorma o::,:: co,o:r: re, orerse:n:a,onu meeoresnen us ae.cea veoaa mee ons no saeere vceeos.n.aoennevucenerancceue msenunerace, a veoecoer, an a e encoe veoaa overen.ae ennccouee v a reecoevaera a cnomomru an mcoaem an receve , orrove one soraeevce, mancue a e overen e veo encoeror u vare o snax eemensenerae snamxun eeme se e veoecoernecone veoaa.uc com ns maencue wne encoe veoaaransme on a nc saomoen mmeeummen, saoroens, on ae seosranea moenum, or sore on ae server. wc cane anneraesa evce mancueesaevce, commu evce an an exernasaevceas conureo aaon a ucaseer, w an maee csomnarsoen anev oce a v.aree osasaevceevsaseecoe veo sa , aasmasa, anranc mnoces suc as aursa e osaev e sa, or anoer ornusre v seo encceo.er ane veoecoer ma oerae accornororear s anars, suc as , , -,ar, , or exensons o suc enacnoarns.ec sooun sea unnaerrso aon maaeere asenc aaecaoons nomeo a secc veo sanars.senera conema oer veo enconecon e conureo eae veo encoer oe sourceevce ma mar,s aso enecnoerea v ceooneama aacceornaoe a vneo oese curren oruure sanars. mae conureoecoe veo ecoer oeesnaonevce sanars. aa accorno an oese curren oruure ornee.: . vare oe su vaeoe en ecnocoerer an anoree vcoeeor cerccouerr, s eac maememene as an o a anarocessors uc as one or more mcrorocessors, rorammaeaerrass,s,cscaoneccneraercus s,e comnaonsereo.enmemeneraereaocn, s soowwaarree,, ana erecwraorne,cremvwcear mea or s annsruconsore sowaren a suae, non-ransor co ore execueensruconsnarware us muer-reaae meum an enconecon oeraonsscosenne onere osern morsecorsuocree.ssoarcso oereo vrmeo eenc voeeor w acn mae veeoneecroaeer as maar oe anc coumenen o ennec oore mroreec eoncoers orecoers, eer o evce. er n a resecve examen, soem vemeo seomuercneao,ns, aeas aar o comonens oe sourceevce or encoer ases e veo encoer or comonensncuene veoeas aa creeow w reerenceo., ane ouunerace anor a e veore oco coermo onren cosm ooneensesncnauoennevcee veoorec eoxaemre, aseescnunerace, reerenceo., anesaevce ma oeraen a cou creeow w newor wc marove soware,aorms, ano omun servce ervceaa,aorm as rnrasrucure, suc asoware as ame aervceaa, ornrasrucure as aervceaa.n some evcemen waocns a,r oen neo orn mcouree conmoen cenousn comeu sonurc seervevcece anoreesnaon one or more cenevces, ane one or newor maeroven comuersne more cenevces ma communcae w server neworor exam coue, c aom ceuunar se crovmcmeu nnecwaoorn nreowuor a, w ar seeosrs communcaon communcaon newor, or aoa navaon s -rane wreess newor or a wre communcaon n aee ssem communcaon newor or aowerne communcaeonwore. ne., awoorca. arnea an ne emwoormen, c aomeamsun acaaro on ornee.: . o moerrea seornvsere csocmrueerseren maememene as cou-ase servcesrove one or sourceevce anor wec a areeasm aeamren oee come aoneenass a oare oesen caomononeevncse oe e cou comun servce newor an one or more oer oe n ememene e one or more cenev raonsescreeren ma comun servce newo ces.n somememenaons,e cou erms suc as r mae arvae cou, auc cou, or ar cou.enercanea a “sc aouro,”r “aceou w cooumuenar,”n “croomu-eas seco”e e oc.eererens mae use soue unersooaeresenscosures no enscosure. cou comun servce neworescre a meoenmemenenememenen an oere o comun eonvve.ronnsmeean,s cuerrernesennoswcons ourre mevaeo aseone euure. someme.mesn aaoocnsaesrcarmeusnrane arnes eexnem aarc vaeo encoern accorance w erormnra annerrecve con o on.e veo encoer ma con rees on saar veoocs wn veorames.nrarecve aven veorame orceurce.onneor rereucce ovre re cmoovne s reaeas o rneuemnaonrcn veoaa wn or removeemora reunancn veoa arecono reuce veo seuence. so a wn aacen veorames orcures o a eerm “m ue noeaeerm “rame” mae use as snonmsor s soawen” onr “c.u,re”en veeo eenco o veo con. rocessn un, ae erncues a veoaa memor, arecon un, a coecureuer , a summer, aransormrocessn un uruaenrznacoune usn a mo, aonn e asn emnaroon u enncon, a u mnoon. coemreensaconrocessn aron un, annrareconrocessn un, an an on un, a n somememenaons,e veo encoer ason nraoco un. annverseransormrocessn un, an a summercueosr a vnneoversoecu raenconzasrounc uonn.n, ornee.: .n-eooero,e surco acs aoeunoacrenso reemr,o maeosoneeweene summer an noern-ooer, suc asameavveeocseness aracers,roromss recoomnsornuecne vaeo. aovneoseeeocneerr aonoerr ana ouveun me a o-ooe summerer., m saou asoeeu ussern aore ecnue,eresen acaons nomeoe emomae escreeren, annsea,e acaon mae aeo a s ens seeceor an o auma comone uaon were an oses anrn n anwo croma comonenswc ma reresen, or convenence o nrooamoann an,erm annooonns aoomcaanon o arse,scr ane anov oman o an oer oeuma comonen anewo crom e accorn comonenase one seece a comonenso mo sa an comonen menoneeren ma osee a.nur oer,eu smaou com asoonene anusraeewoa c aromrs comonens, a secon comonen menoneeren m a anewo croma comon ae an oer oeuma comonen remann one oeuma comenons,en an an aerw coo cmroomnean co mmenonoenneseren mae a en-ooers mae ome, aneeco .n some exames, e summer oe .e veo enceo veooc maerecrove rorammmaearware un or er maaeeorm o axe or roram maeve amon one or more oeusraexe or e veoea en ve coeoar erawaar . mee umn eo vrs. eo maa sore veoaaoe encoe e comonens o exame,rome v ane veoaa memor mae oane,or reere eo source as sownn..e s auera sores enc ve veoeo encaoaeror exaem..,en, renerencerames orcuresor usen encon veoaa memor ane maeorrmae orn aenr ore ac varvee co on mem moorese.vcees. vne voaroauas ornee.: . e exnacmoeres,, oer v o-ecoa rae maevmeoroose m caoe on-c w oer comonens oe veo recosn sroowcenssnn un., aaerr reocnesvnmo e veene o vns ae. aonaoa v,eoeaorcson un wne asoncuearonn a veorameno sces,e .saronn ma oerareronnss acc sor exame, ses o veoocs, or aree srucure assocae wore vneooraea.enee v seornam serusc ourr mesa suce r aesa areua a-s aswoo-e remeernrseonoa a asr arax oer o mra arex. o s namumes w same vaues. samene arra ma or axes oe arra orcureene a szee arn oo sram a reesosunoonr ozonea v aneo verramcearecons rame maeveno mue veoocs,or exame, usn .e veo veooc aans or mae reare as awo-menso aronn.e same vaues, aou o smae na arra or marx o sames w orzona a rmensonane veorame. numer o samesn e veonoc ve mracaurreecronesaorr axoense oneo v oneeo or mocoreeonce a sarze oe veooc. wc maorm aanocs,or exame,erav ons or su-ocs aronn orre-ree aronn ore usn aronn,nar-ree noeaeerm “oc” or “veoo an comnaonereo. soue recanuars c” as useeren mae aoron,narcuar a exame,ouare an or non-, seuareoco orr von,eo o aocra mmae ore a or cocrurre. reerence,or n , a, areconn or aransormneson anoo aronree corresono a corresonnoc, e.. aonreeo mae or reconoc or aransormoc anoro ac su-, aonoc , a con moeesr,e succo ans onroec oess anu uran o mnara sereec ocneve o co auraoc. oosserecve onerrecve con moes,ore cu n moes or one o aura rae aneeve osoron.erercreonn vroecoessonc unase on m earrorr roevsuesee. r.e,s cuonn ornee.: . snumram oerrnero rreeconcsorunc coee encocoe summeroenerae a resuaoc anoe ereconrocessn uno aseoroovceosr s unsea axs eearme on as, r seuecre anscerame suseuen. moencaors,aronnormaon moon vecors,nra- encon , an oer suc snaxnormaon,oe enro n u on. oc,ernerarore sececon anr aocersosnra uennra wrecnvee corenc mooneroocre curren veo erormnrarecve con oe curren veoo essn un ma ocsne samerame ase c c reaveo one or more neor moon esmaon urrenocoe coeorove saarecon.e rocessn un un ane moon comensaon un wnerecon or morerecveeorcorsmn onneer orr meorce rveee croencner oame curren veooc reaveo one veo encoer maerorm mu esoroveemorarecon.e moeor ea e conasses, e..,o seec an arorae con reconn s moc omeoc eom o r ae cm v urerneo enaa vona es.,oraeme moon esmaon un eermnesener sacemen o a veo eneran a moon vecor, wcncaese wn a re oc wne curren veorame reaveo arecveoc veoramese.renoceo vn eesomraamoen,, acceorrormneo aree meoermneaern wn a seuence o oeneran moon vecors, on esmaon un,serocess exame wc esmae moonor veoocs. moon vecor,or cure r,e maavenoc aaereecvesaocceme wn on a a v reeeroencoecra wmen a curren veorame or en coe wne currenrame.ere reaveoe currenocne seuence asr eermneaern maesnae veorames oc vecors,ornraame cso ornnra am mesa.nneer snmraaro uneee mrmaneermne vecors, e.., e moon esmaon un ornerrecon aon o moon vecors un oeermneeoc vecor. , or ma uzee moon esmaon ornee.: . reerenceroecc ov ae reoecrencoerramee veaosoece mae or ma corresono aoc or a coenerms oxeerence me as cose macne veoocoe ,um ouareeren, wc maeeermne um osoueerence e veo encoer ma caccueae va,u oers oore sru-nereenecre mxeercso.sno snomsememenaons, sorene .or exame,e veo enco o reerencerames xeosons, one- er maneroae vaues o one-uarer rame.ereore,ee moonx eesmoasoonns u,n or o meraraceroonram ax meooonsons oe reerence uxeosons anraconaxeosons an searc reaveoe xerecso ouu a moon vecor wracona recone c mn oo. eonr easmemao cnom unarn caceuaoess ao mno oone ve vcoerooro ac veooeocosn aonnn oe ar serceoncv reeereoncce ora am reeersencesram,e ea sceec oe wrom ars reerenceramess or a soren coe .e m cenes one or more reerencerames moon oon esmaon un sense cacuae moon vecoroe omonen csoamonen un anenoe enro encon un. ec saon,erorme e moon comensaon un, manvove moonn es ormaeneorna unne.reonc recveevnocea mseo oonn veec morooorn vee ccoreermne e moon comensaon un maocae arec urren veooc,en one oe reerenceram veoco wce moon vecorons erecveo ess, rereveerecveocrome , anorwar xe coe summer.e summer enorms a resua veooc o moon coemrenecnes vaaounes un surroacmnexxee v vaauueess o oee cruerrecnv veeocrove e exeerence vauesormne resua veoo oocen coe. comonenerences oro.e m c mancueuma or croma eemens assocae w e veoocoso on a co vmeeonsraamoen uorn use mae a vsoeoeneecraoeer snanx ornee.: . sencoaxn eemeen vseoenocns oe meo voneo verame.e snax eemens mancue,or exame,ncanerecon moe, or cor useoen erecveoc, anas e moon esma an oer snaxnormaonescreeren.oea u areus on un ane moon comensaon un mae nerae, n sormaeem seaermaeenaoorn conceuauroses. recveocsn a ma s,enra un maenerae vecors anec esma nner smaroaescre aoven connecon w e moonne saomne unrame a ansee cu mrroenon coocmeensna coon uen an, wu we veceorrseecnve rocsen oc vecors as ooseo moon vecors.narc eerreo as annra-recon moeo useo e uar,enra un maeermne ma encoe a currenoc usnnco vear a couursrennra-ocre.cn soonme m eoxaems, ee.s.,,enra un enconasses, anesererormancerou urn searae un ma seec, amone va rae-soron anass.ex,enra recon moeo use aneneraero aunsnesrae-monrea-nrecacoron ac mcoorens, an. aororaenra-nra un ma cacuae rae-soron vaues usn r exame,e varousesenra-recon mo a rae-soron anassore rae-soron caracerscs amones, anee seseec moeensr aas-ree acorno mroaeenavran-reeces moeo use.ae-soron anasseneraeermnes an a on eween an encoeoc an an orn moun osoronor error enncoeoc, as we as arae.e., aa n,u umnenecro oeso ucseao wraos euncceoee enocoroeuceoce. orcaso uneerm mnea w caccuanera ra-roescromon meoes eoxronss ane raeesore varous encoe eoc s rae-soron vaueor moon cn. om oeenrs eaxaomn uens,e,nnra w un ma usee moon esmaon un ane recon accornoememenoaeo onrsnesacrr,eoeerreonrm.n su eceurn ccaseo,nsorornrnaraoc ornee.: . c cooe,, anreermcs ovexoec mearencee a, wocc maaseeme as cose macneocoe merecrs, axneencaon eeermne ,, or oererencene oerecveoc mancue cacuaon o vauesor su- aerenerameorso e acens corr.encovenocsrome samerame accornonrarecon, or oc suracnxe vauese orreecreon,cvee voeco enrcoomere mxae voarumes a o reseua c veo veoocen coe,ormnxeerence vaues. urren e resua veooc mancue exeerence vauesormn a enrareconrocessno unuma m aan cnrroa-mare comc ao cnuernren vereenoceso.c, as an comerneansvaeoon uenner,- orreecnonraeroocrm ceoree mcoon esmaon un ane moon asescre aove.narcuar, onerorme enra un,nrareco enrareconrocessn un maeermne an rocessn unn mo maeo en ucoseeo a e cnucrroene ao cucrre unsno vcar.oo so,enrarecon urn searae encon ousnrarecon moes, e.., see asses, anenrareconrocessn un or a moe eceosne unn,ran sormeec exoamn meose ms.a seeecn arn aroraenrarecon moeo useromnormaonncave oe areconrocessn un marove encon un seecenra-recon moeoreocoe enro seecen .e enro encon un ma encoeenormaonncane erra-ererecocno mnoreocnesream. veooc va eernerreesscnon un ornraeerremcneosn,eere sumcmveerocoromrse curren veooc suracnerecveocrome curre a resua veoaane resuaoc maencuen n veooc.e resua ransormrocessn un.eransormrocess onne u onr moreransso armnsser roevsuea voeoe ornee.: . aan oor r aes couaransorm coecens usn aransorm, suc as ascreeosneransorm eranncseorumaro scmessanrr uannsorm m. uanzaon un. a sene resunransorm coecensoe reucee rae.eeuuaannzzaaoonn urnocess muaan aszoes reeucreanseorm coecensourer some or a oe coecens.eeree ouan e assocae w uanzaonarameer.n some e zaon mae moe ausn a o a marxncuneuanzexarmanseosr,m ceoeuacnenzas.on uenrnave ma,ee ennerorm a scan un maerorme ro encon ransormo coownuanz sacaonn.,e enro encon un enro encoeseuanze on ec,ensonneox a vaeovesrenaamr usnr,m e.e.,onexavearaeen conex-a con ,nax-ase mae cnoa enr ov are ns amnonar eer er onrome e v ec enocoo ecnn oe mreo aso, soro own oarnecnne .,ur oev r.a arear encoonennsrreoam evce as sownn.oraerransmsso cvene sorae enrons encon un ma a no or rereva e veoecoer.e eeme so enro encoee moon vecors ane oer snax eornveer csuerreunan vzeorameen coe. nvers aon un anenverseransormrocessn un a ocenuaenzxaeonom anannovrerseenerraansormaon, resecve,o reconsruce resua veo s noe aove,e moon comennsa a roener uennceo mcaorenreeraceo an m oo ooner c vomeoocs. recveocrom one or more reerenceocs ensae moon comensaon un ma aso a oerames sorene .e oco cacuae one or moreneroaonersoerecve e su su-mnmeerxe vauesor usen moon esmaon. comensaerecveeorcro aucsee receo mnsoruocne com resensuaaon uocnooero muoceon a ornee.: . ree urennce,oce moor soonr easemnaoen un. ane ree meroenceoc maene use enra oconerrec anoer v on comensaon un as arecve .s aoceoaorcamn au ssurasenuen a veorame. accorance w somememena n exemar veoecoer nncues a veoaa ons oeresen acaon.e veoecoer annverseuanzao mnem unor,, a ann ennverroseraencsoornm urnoces, areconrocessn un, .ereconrocessn un urer sn un, a summer, an anrarecon un, a ncues a moon comensaon un, an rocessenera recrocna aonner eanco unnro.ceses vesceroeeco aeorve w ma reerorm aecon encoern connecon w ..or exame,e m secoe veo eneraereconaaase on mo oon comensaon un ma woeenecanorras- on vecors receverome enroecon un, m recon un maeneraereconaaase onnra-recon n r seocmeeve exrome enroecon un.memen ames, a un oe veoecoer maeaseoerorme eresenaoscnsos oure meareseenv aec aamoonn. onseo, orn m soorme exames,ememenaons o or exame,enra un maero e oe uns oe veoecoer. aone, orn com rmememenaons oeresen acaon, comensaon unna,onen wra oreecr uonn usn o,e an veoe enecrooereco, sunc un ase. mno soon exames,e veoecoer ma noncueenra un aneu menra un maeerorme oer comonens oerec ncona o suc ase moo onrocessn un, en v comensaon un. s eoaa memor ma sore veoaa, suc as an encoe veo sorereanm,eo veeoecoaae memore o mera come oonaennes, oor eexa vmeoe,ecoer.e veoaa rom aoca veo source, suc as a camera, va wre or wreess nreowmore c somormauenceavcoen o, ornee.: . v veeooaaaa, m oremor access mnascaaa sorae meae.., aasrve orars.e aarom an encoe veoncsureeam a.oeecure oueer veoecoae srores s eonrceose veo veoaaor usenecon veoaa e veo reerence recve con moes.e v ecoere..,nnra orner o a vare o memorevces, sueco aasa mneammocr ran aonm acceess memo mraeorm,en an n ocerornouess o memorevce,s.aorneo cun or u-srerassveveurose,e v,essve , areece aswosnc comonens eoaa memor ane e aareno one sene arae oe veoecoern..u w rove e same memorevce or seara ve meoemaora meevmcoers.n so anme exeames, mae aa memor mae on-c w oer comonens oe v e veo reaveoose eoecoer, or o-c u cromonens. sreama renresenes vecoeonocrosce oss, ane e vnceoecoer receves an encoe veo eemens.e veoecoer ma recevee soneax v eeemoenrams ae ane v assoeocareame snax anore veooceve.e enroecon un oe ve eve ecoesesreamoeneraeuanze oecoer enro moencaors, an oer snax eemens. coee encreons, mecooonn v uecnors ornra-recon moon vecorss osrnra-recon mo enorwarse reconroce encaors an oer snax eemensoe coerecveen on un csen v oe.oerrameess o corae as annrarecve coe rame orornra rocessn un maeneraereconmaesa,oer an vraeoreocco on une curr oene vreeocon ase on a snaenrarecon moe an reeren rame oe currenrame. ceaaromrevousecoeocs ornee.: . e moon comeennsaoen v uneoram oese coree acs aonnner-recve coe.e., orrame, recveocsor a veooc oe curren veorocraemssena usen onreo muoceosn o vneec oorr ms aonre oocers s mnaaxe eermoenucse recreomve a reroemrencee ernamroe wecnon un.ac oerecve veoeconerec ma consr one oe reerenceramess.e consruco uce reerenceramess,s ans, usneau n snomuesase on reerencerames sorene . moee e exames, wene veoocs coe accornoenra recvsecroecseorrene, cuerrennr vaeo unoca ose oenroecc veocnorsro acessn un rouces receverome enroecon un.e n oer snax eemens reconsruce reon oe samecur recveocs mae wn a encoer. e ase curren veoocene e veo reconnormea mooon comensaon un anorenra un eermnes vecors an oer snnaxo ere am veneso, anoc oen usees curreenre vceoonranmoerarsne moon recveocsore curren veoocene maonoroucee comensaon un uses some o coe.or exame,e moon moee..,nra ornerrecon uese receov ceoe s vnaexo eeomcens osoee veremonream aerecon reconrameee.., or, consruconnorm , anner ramessorerame aonor one or more oe reerence rame,nerrecon s, maousoonr v eeaccorsnoerr earcecnevre croeec vvee eoncoe veooc oe oernormaonoecoee veoocsne c oc oerame, an mar,enra un ma useur sroemne v oeoer raemce. e.., aa,oeermneae curren eve snax eemens, consruconnorma veooc wasrece usnenra moe, reon an soue soonre o wnce veo,ococs o veceorsramore e aarce wnraner reecocnesru vceeo ornee.: . raomce, o ane oraemren,onrmraaonroeeccon sausor eacnra rece veooc oe e moon comeoee veoocsne curren veorame.neroaon nsaon un ma asoerormneroaon usne cacuaeneroearse as v uasueesor sue- vneeoe erncoxeers o reuern encon oe veoocso comensaon un ma renceocs.ns case,e moon rome r eermneeneroaoners use e veo encoer ocs.eceve snax eemens an useeneroaonersoroucerecve coecensroveenvnerseeuansrzaon un nverseuanzeseuanzeransorm usne sameuan eam an enroecoe e enroecon unne veorameozaeoenrmanraem aeeer craeecu oaeuanzaeo vn.eo eencoeror eac veooc un aes annverseransorm, e.., annverse , annvnevresresenreanesrorramnrocessn conceuuac sem rearnverseransormro sorm, or a reconsr cess,oeransorm coecensn orero esruae moocosnn comeenxseaoman. recveocore curre on un orenra un eneraese e summer reconsrucsenco veeo veoocoacseo ornee cu vrerceors an oer snax eemens, resuaocromenverseranso n veooc summne ocenera rmrocessn un an a corresonnrecve er se e moon comensaon un anenra un.nn-oo eweenuce aseocner, er, er anor maeosone exames,e sunm-moeor aenr meae omoeur, aenrroecesescoeee vcoeeo voceooc.n some rove e summeroe .eecoe veoocsn av maerec sorene , wc sores reerencera enrame areen o nex veoocs.e , or a memormese uvsece soera suraseeruoemn meoon com, menasa aosno ornee.: . sore..ecoe veooraerresenaon on asaevce, suc asesaevce o se orames orn acurecsa. vaceo craomen marocnescs,u a veeroe see saumencee arracancues an orere r.s awo-mensona arra ouma sa s,enoe,, an croma sames.rs a mes. s awo-mensona arra o rame mae monocromweo a-nmeenrseoonrae anrcrau oes or croma sames.n oernsances, a sames. n onewo-mensona arra ouma un eneras sownn.,e veo encoeror more secca earon se o s. vese aon eranmcoe mea renrcesuenea anonn oe aerr naummeerrsaronnerameno a a raser scan orerrom o s orere consecuven con un ane we ao r anromoooom.ac s aaresoca seuencearameer se, sucnae a oeesn a ar ve seon saeeuenceeav veeoe e sanmcoe serzen a one o×,×,×, an×.u soue noeaeresen acaens no necessarmeo aarcuar sze.s sownn., on one ouma sames,wo correson eac ma comrse eemens u n conreeocs o croma sames, an snax roeres oseoer ceoneees s oam uness o o a ceo ceonocre oexoecss a.e snax eemensescre e reconsruce ae veoec nowe veo seuence can moe, m oer,ncunner ornrarecon,nrarecon searaeo cooonr veacnoesr,s, a an o merarameers.n monocromecures orcuresavnree o coee sames oe coan comreerseo ac s.ne co connrreeeeoocc m ana sen aanx eexmens use sames. oc o reearonno ac suceve a asenearerormance,e veo encoer ma recursveerorm aronn or a comnaonerreo-r oeneear coonnnre,eeroncars o-reeear anonnv,euae-ree ornee.: .nos, s emaaceravns. asoecc seze onx..,moenxeour smsrsvenoour smaer eacvenoours ox oc sze.ewoaerxs, an are urervenoours ox oc sze.. ecs as an are eac usrane en resu oearon ua-reeaa srucureea noe oeua-ree co rocess oe asecen., eac cx.ee ecernreso.nn, eaco one ma o c aom resresce ave sz oe ruanman samromes anxwoo eoermreesnosn usen coo coneeoc sasm oe csroma sames o arame oe same sze, an snax avnree searae cooranes o, ae co man coomcrs.sen a m sonnoce croomecures orcures srucures useo coee sames oe c noc an snax aronnecen . an so onoc. soue noeaeua-ree snoso aao varnoca cnaracoerrsucssraasvee ounrouseas anern oanrenar ca-nree arons.ne mu-eree srucure, one sarone e an eacua-reeea caneure aua-ree srucure s sownn.,ere areveossreaarroonnen aes ona ar co annernoacrareven sr au wcure. ar ano anne,orz,o.ne.a,uearnearrnarararononnn,orzonanararonn, vercanar n somememenaons, an vercaernararonn. oc o ano one ,e veo encoer maureraron a con o sames on wce o sra mmoererexcon,s.ner orsn ar rae,canuarsuare or non-suareoc a ouma sames,wo corres s ae. o a ma comrse re onns o croma sames, an snax eemens useo ma ccomerses a. snn meonoc anrom senacxu sres orcuresavnree searae cooranes, a maenerae rucures useorece.e veo encoer . recveuma,, anrocsoruma,, anrs o eac oe ornee.: . erecveoec vseoor e anco.ere m vae uose enncoraerre ucon ornerreconoenerae recveocs o a,e veo en sesnrareconoeneraee ase onecoe same coer maeneraeerecveocs oenerreconoenerase oeereramcev aessococaes o w a,ee v.eo eenc voeero enc moaeren uses erecveocs oe ase onecoe sames o one or m erae erame assoca orerames oeran eer we veoe en. or mores o a,e veo ecnocoerere mnearaeesnerreaec avuemuam reas,u,a anocroocsor one suracne’srecveumaocsroms ornauma con re samene’suma resuaocncaes aere oc suca eac e'srecveumaocs a nceeween auma samen one o oc.mar, n a corresonn samene's ornauma con ore, resece vveeo, e sunccoera e maca saemneraeen ae res'usao rces anua aorc resnuaoc erenceeween a samen one oe'srecve oc caes a samene's orna conoc an eac s s an a corresonnncae aerenceeween ar s amene'sr resuaoc ma corresonn same amen one oe'srecverocs an a urermnore,e as'su osrraenanr co.n,oec v. aronnoecomoseeuma eo encoer ma useua-ree , anrransormocs resec,ve, a.nrra rnessorumaooccss o a a recannuoa ornes or moreuma, suareoc o sames on wce samerans uare or non- aransormoc ouma sames orms ae. o a ma comrse an snax eemens useorans,orwmo coerrreasnsonormnorcans saomrmesocs o croma sames, mae assocae w aumaransormoc, ar .us, eac o a n some exames,e ansormoc, an arransormoc. 'suma resuaocum.aeransorramnsoorcm asosocca mea we a sue-oc ma oee a su'-soc res ouae ornee.: . moocno.croemercruanresso ormrcoucres maavne are seu-oc oe'sr resuaoc.n sneransormoc an snax srucures use seoararaen csooormraene ssa,m aes o mae cormarse a oc. nsorm oc o a oee vneeraoe en acoumera coe mace ano one or moreransormso aumaransorm wo-mensona arra orans core. coecenoc mae a uan orm coecens.ransorm coecen mae a scaar a o.eneera vee ao enc cooeercen mao acor onee or m.oreera vnseoorm enscoo aransormoc o moreransormso arransormoc o a er ma a one or ereneran a coecenoenerae ar coecenocore. coecenoc or ar coec oce.., auma coecenoc, a oc.uanz enoc,e veo encoer mauanzee coecen ooss reauceoneen ameroaun re oersaao u aserocoes rsenre wcransorm coecens areuanze urer comresson seneransorm coecens,rovn enc .ere veo encoer uanzes a coecenoc,e veo coeocerens. mora exa emnroe,e en vcoeoe e sncnoaexr ee mmaensernocaneuanzeransormncaneuanzeransorm coec rm one snax eemens sreamancues a s ens.na,e veo encoer ma ouu a assocaeaa, wcs eeeure snavcee onse soaraoermesv ace rer oersenraanson o coerames an evce. meoeesnaon ecoer maearrse receevnsr aeamsore oamane snerae e veo encoer,e veo ecoer ma recons nax eemensromesream.e veo eem rucerames oe veoaaase aeasnar one snax receroncsa ooanee enrcoomnerocsersesamer.ormerocess o reconsrucne veoaasenera ecoer maerormnverseransormes onee co veeoc eenncooecrs a.ssoorc eaxaem we,e vs oeo a ornee.: . cuercroener aoso re rceocnosnrsuc resuaocs assocae w es oe curren.e veo recveocsorrusc osee c cuorrennocos o correes counrrenn same as onerea snasmoes oe oes oe curren.er reconsrucne cono rmocs veoecoer ma reconsrucer csor eac o arame, moes,.e.,nras- nroamee areovec, voneoor coamne. aceves veo comresson usnrmarwo recon.s noea couner rae-arreec aosn e anernnrear--rraammeerreeccoonn oorner- moe.eweenewo moes,ner-ramerecon co r ar ecencannra-ramerecone nrues moreoe con curren veo cause oe use o moon vecorsorrecn a uoc wrom ae r eeveerremncero vvneooc. veooc szeor veoaa caurnecnoo an more rene r reservneasne veoaa,e amoun oaa reureor oeverrecsoemnnn mso coane vneceorssoor a currenrame asoncreases susana.ne wa onoe saa anemeneromeaca no on arou o neorns e mo oraomansave smar veoaaorrecnuroseu usee moon voenconrsormeaweoenn oe ssea nae neornors are aso smar.ereore,sosseo an aroxmaon oe moonnormaone..,n moosn a vnecoorre om a courarren co-ocae exorsn as er s”a oa aen cemora correaon, wcs aso reerreo as “oonecorrecor curren enu esrr rmeean ne o e.ncoen mo,nono esem vaeoon unsream a,s anes accruea m aoovoenn ve ccoonr oe w .,e moon vecorrecor oe curren s sur necon vecor oe curren orouce a acerome acua moon on so,eres no neeo encoeeo moonone vceocroreereernmcene eo mroeon cu ersremnaon. ornee.: . u renresenonr e macoonn oo armraamoennnoe veosream ane amoun oaa useor ramerecon oe ae coroecesosc o, c ao seose on v r aeo uerses necre evaem c ooa ecn aone a s e renerecnanceramecereausren.ner- ane veoecoeror consrucn a m oe veo encoer “meres”or a curren usnoseoenao coann vecaoer m caonona veecsorsa asssoonown as a saa neorn s anoremora co-ocae s oe cu cae w seecn one memerrome moon vecor rren anen e curren.on so,eres no neeo craannsmaees m aos ao mno veconor ve cacnorareecsoror rome veo encoeroe veoecoer an annex oe se recor wne moon vecor can seece moon vecor veoecoero usee same moon vaeceorsrse sucocre wnornee v moeoo enn vcoeceorr ca ane sor encon anecon nae arous veo ce curren. cons onecnues mae useo comress veoaa.eo some wee-rnoormwne v acceoor cnono on sea or more veo con sanars.or exame, nowaas, cenc eoon , asonnoarwnsncueersaeeoon , on , asonown as. or as-.a or -ar anvance eo enea an as a s-uccessor.osreeceane sor, w anar wac .s a uerve oeooneeveo eo anceeor wc reerso a auo an a veo comresson sana on , comresson sanar sereseveo r,s anoer veo ona.os oe exsn veoe euo an eoonanarorrou conramewo con sanars areu uoneamousr veo recono reruce.e. r,e uusnnancoc-resaesnenre vceoon meose..,ner-recon,nra- cono comace ener oerecon errmoras.esn orm seourenacnes aona o usn veroan csoornm ornee.: . mecnnmzuensseor caomaorness veoaano aorma uses aower rae we avon or “normaonecenorosso ,e vnevre aao ncoenua. uo saneoaronncues nese naona sanar an “normaonecnoo,vanc ,ar:eo”nown as nown as . can oe euoeoonar:aoeevsoneo” c noamonaare saonarn- searnuaarr.r areoun .e se scaonnar-ra en ve ere sa aovn onar w aase sro smamueaeerce asuaeuanese onese naona sanar “no anarncuese seres as , wcs ma rmaonecnoo,cenumeaon”nows ec naree aeransmsson o exra rorams.e con neesnec n oaonea sansaro.ueea onwae o,ee . snanaar v,eoear wa wsas sussmuee ase anscuaeo ons.ecerca a snanaercrosn onces nenwneeners as onenernaona sanaror acaon amn a sur eraon veo con sanaror veo .n assne con ecenc oeaesnernaona sanar roves araorcxmae, ae--rae savn mese ovner,ee - sanaasre.neu wrraesnn,see, wc reerence soware, cae erormance res one emonsrae a reerencem moe ,s manane e rouo .s aocearam,eme usrasna nuon a u ooone c-easeoc s v-a eansear.r veo conramewor.moemenaons oe o encoern accorance w some r resenscosure.ne encoer,enu veo snas acse ssseownonc.o.cn, cae- c.o, an un canse us.oe enxcoerxes. maee veo encoer e wcaronsocs onase onu owever,erenrom s snoso aao varno a-rees,n , one conree un ree. ona,e conce o muecaar coanra ucnerscsenasee onuas rneamroveern,ar.e.-, ornee.: . anem seoraeranosne oa, ea,crecso anw uans use a asneranasscorm un oes no exsne wouurerarons.ne mu- unororecon anransorm ua-ree srucure. eree srucure, one srsarone a ernarree sru en, eacua-reeea noe caneurerarone anar an eerorme.ocru a er aaec. revecno vneoor “nocra, saarecon anoremorarecon ma coe neornocs recon” usesxesrome sames o area orece curren veowocc a.re caaae rreeercenocne s raemuceess snaae r seamuen veocuresce e veo sna.emorareconaso reerreo ancnerenn comensaerecon” uses r as “nerrecon” or “moon rece curren veooc.eceomnsoruracerexcesonro remucees aermeaora co reeu vnaeocuresone veo sna.emorarecon snaor aven s u ncneren more moon vecorss wcncaee amou sua snae one or e curren ansemora ree n anerecon o mooneween one rence.so, mue reerencecures are suore, cu rereernencee receurerencneexcusr ae soroenaee semn,o wracrs useoenrom wc reerence er saa anoremorarecoen, acnonnr sna comes. ne encoer cooseseesrec aner moeecson crcur soron omzaon meo on moe,or examease one rae- veooc ane re .eocrecor sen suracerome curren aneuanzasuonn crcruercon r.esuea ressue-ncorreuaanez uesn reseuaran csoeorm crcurnverseuanze enverseuanzaon crcur cens arenverseransorm crcur oor annverseransorme e oereconoco me reconsruce resua, wcsen aeac , suc as orme reconsruce sna oe.urer,n-ooern er m aaeeo acne oner, ae s raemconesr aucaeve oseeores, aunnor aen r aeearenvceen-couore ornee.: . sosrere oame,c courenu meoren an useo coeuure veoocs.oorme ouu veo anuanze resua coeceenr osr arner aa, sernecoone m eoenormaon, moonnormaon, comresse anaceoorme nro con un oeurer curren versono or exam.ne, ae,o acn an-srea oem nr. as anv-aaen , as we ase now-mrove con ecenc.ne n ooer cae seneourerooer cae sen acveow-ncvuersrena veer,s anon oase aoo s canancaer o,e anoern-nena sanar. enncue omrove cesen-ooer oeraons are oona.erormnese oeraonses renere oen enc eoecrenco an sav ve csuoamuuaaon.a coem ma asoeurne o as aecson reconsrucex seso,u ween neorerecaonnrsaasree ocnonex es. usua ase on unere er oons areurne o re reconsrucexesese mae usen con.unsc an ono wce ma en arc naomer veuos cr.aonn aoc-ase veoecoer wc e reconsrucon-r sanars.secoer s smaro ecoer maeeaee v seeocoenco reesrn asn soew enncnoer.. one.e.coeeoc-ase veo veosream srsecoerou annro r, anncomn coeceneves anrecon-r econ oerveuanze rocesserou annverseueaanezanoonrmao ann. anenuvanerze coeceneves areen reconsrucerecon res seransorm o oan a nraner ua. ocrecor mecansm,memenen an oonomoenesaeoencor,,asse co onnuerceoeoerreorcmo enner annrarecon, or a reconsrucexes are oane summn ue reconsruocrmeaorne.c soen r oes unuaerroem ornee.: . meecannvesrmse, usrnans ao srummmer an arecve ouuenerae eocrecors soren acuer reecuonserruce. woccu mnacounrs aser a reoerrou ann-ooer eore veonecureuer mae senorve asenaceevccuer,e a sso wree. ase u rseeconosrruce uure veoocs.n suaons wereen-oo er su ec oeraonserorme onese recon rne on, aern uu. srucexesoerve ana reconsruce eo conocsn eeer c cuorreenrom s aana orem saonraar nes, mooronnnormaon oe curren canaenex or oane exc snan ocs sece a mere scosuresomrovee accurac oe o m mooonon v eescomrsaoonr. aeneoc muse oeresenmrovneervaon meos o ane mere cana re moe eresenscosure,e ex es.oacaeeescron o an exameousraeersonose aneea ms.ereeas meo noeeesannouee ex ssanars use as esnne sanars use ase examerou n ane moe erson sene ar o moe oueresenscosure,o a asoe aeo aerenesrnn v oeo a conen moeconnoreoces,one moroeo osreecnooes can w e same or s oer conoos nmaresn sr. r neo, oenransaon moon moes aeor moon comensae eersceconve. moeonns ane rea wor,ere are manns o moon, e.., zoomnou, roaon, comensaerecons a oererre suanra mno oonnes.anore eacn aenr con,o acnoe moon weereransaon moon moe ore ane moo ncae recon.ne curren an esn,w n moes aeorner ane moe an-arameer ane moe, are suoreo aorn oen me aoense, cnocunnoc-.arameer ornee.: . ransaon moe-arameer ane moeaseoownarameers:woarameersor zoom moon avneme onnenaraorzona an vercarecons resecve, onearameeror orzona zoomarameermese eruaor rooa veroncaa m zoonororecons.ns moe, arameers euao verca roaonarameer.ooo amceavraem aeer, anorzona roaon moon vecors an anearameer,ose anearameers areeoeer acecrovmmoaon oe wc are aso cae conroon moon v eromwos o-r corner o ecor ocae aeo-e corner an ocsescre a cwuorrenosc.,s s.owasnen one. con-ro,oen a moneo mno,one oe vx, vyo one ane coeocse0scr1e a e moone v =(v1x-v0x)(s v1y- v0 y )x x - y + v 0 x ransaon mo anve- or zoom moonem roenaonn moon resecvenorzonarecon or or zoom moon an roaon moon resecven vercarecon,. anoee-rawraoarameers moon moes coe w ree s.s sownn meer ane -aramer aneoc a .,eree conroons o one e moon ao-e corenroocaeon ase reoa-eeo,ora-nrsao annoome corner oeoc. r conroons reaeo roaon an zoom moonn mooornz,o annaere mcoono,n a anoe- moomonar aeooome-e- caornaroons reaeo roaon an zoom moonn vercarecon. orzonarecon oeme-earra amenre m mao noon meo samee,e roaon an zoom moonn ssumn0,1,2 arees oeo-e,o- arso asen moooonmn- veer cocarnerrse ocone. ornee.: . currsen a cooncronon.s a,s:e moon vecor o eac su-ocvx, vyserve usneree ^^ =^ ^^ ^^# − ^^"# ∗ ^^^^^%# − ^^"# ∗^^n s o snaaea nueerovrocss useoeneraes. sor mo m n moe canaesas ame sze.or exame,ne ce currenoc.e ane mere uove canaes.e encoer ma evauae an coourren esn,ere mae rae-soron omzaon aorms.e cosen caseees canaenexase on ecoer se.e ane mere canaes caneecennaerenexsen snaeoe ane mere canaes maenererom neorn anee c woaes.ners wa,e wa,e ane mere canaes mae consruceromrans ocs.ne secon ocs.ner wa, zeros are use ase ane merea canonasrom neorn orenere meo,ere mae uo aes. are oane wo canaes.e canaes scannn orerrome neornocsocae aeoom-e oe currenoce.., aeo-r osrome curreono acs sownn. anrome neornocsocae avaae. e.., scannn orersromo as sownn., ransaonaors, we ccons mraucee meneero,e canaes aree comnaons o neor’s e: oanourransaaoenwo ses. avaae neors. asncun , , an rom ornee.: . e curren: rome one oeree neornocs coseoeo-e corner o :oc.rosm sowen onne o.e o,neer scannn orers, an. r corner oe currenoc.s sownonme.wo neornocs coseoeo- : rome one oe onerome,weo sc naennnor ornersocsan cose. oom-e corner oe currenoc.s sownn.,e scannn orersanoe : romeemora coocaeoc oe ne . oom-r corner o c ornoc coseoe e:eruvrree cnomocna.osns soawsen onneeo,e neornocs. omnaon: urransaonasrome. omna , , o on: , , ommnnaaon: , , omnaoonn: , , omnao: , consruce canen an: es,e zer m, oere c.anaess nou aern wnere an n s arensere ae en oes. nee a oe s wo w anvanece maoreorn vaenc oorr erueacon moe mae aeornesreamoncae weer ane o mo.ens a usnee aannen aeves snae snaeoncae weer-arameer ane or-arameer ane.nnoseras erence oe s o curren an moe,e esream.e a er recors ss snaen enerae usneneoown caonuraees os szes ca ane ane canaess –nere ane can naen orereow: s aesa exraoaerome s oe neour ornee.: . –onss orucee ane canaes sa areerve usneransaona –r neors –eamnsoaraonaromsr coom neorns –eros ocaes an cecn orer oe. cneecren a orneer m oernee crane aaens.ee on canereanecsessea s,amoreoe c caonnsearee,. onorunen ane aase same reerencecure asn currenocsnoe cana rocesss ae wennsern annere ane moonrecor ane mere moe onss e.ru.cee same ce ccanna oreesrser uvsee arsomonee same saa neors as consrucon.n aon, reerencecurenex oe neornn anoec mser aeso canae ersocne cecn orerasner coe cece.n curr anase same reerencecure a^s an ^^ ^e^^naress use.ene^curren^s coe w-arameer ane moe, an ^^ ^^"canaes.oe avnaae ceu,r ^r^e ^^n"an ^s^ ^ c^oare ae as one canaene ane s are avaae,e are ae as onee ca wna-earnameee ar anene moe, c aan aree erwse, consruce canaes se a naes. e numer o canaesnes a unnaevaae.ss anne ^r^ ^e^^w anee ae, cann oreare,s as ane cornasnruce canae s areenssserean, ^^ a ^^"^er, ^ v^a ^^^e curr%en, saonasorec a conroons o s nou. wen avaae.na, zeros are useo e ane s s ne soumaer enmeromereeoe ncuneoownveesn os, cane reauesarnn orerer m:ere canaess consruce ornee.: . eamaoraromro saa neors sor-as m coocaes a e rom arsnrs ou ae errowse averae an ma e ss.ze o meress snaen seuencearameer seeaer ane mexrme cuamn aoawees e snzceo o meress.or eac coen mere moe, annex oesnexs coe w coneex u asnnruanscsa coe unnars usenarozaon.ersn oe mere eervaonrocess o eac caeorr oerns. n some emo o mere canaessrove aove. as wn am cens,araeervaon oe mern canaess mae suoreor aeran sze o area. exceeosoea nse orvaan rsona w oe o se marv eaa moenre canaesn s sameoan canaes are seece amon canraee csanocaaees are swae. maxmum oour mere orer oervaons,,, an.osonnes coosnsonesree once wnen on.e or. moree sacne o onrees o orsonsraon co,,, are no avaaee..,ecauseeonso anoer remann canaess sueec.oe ar r ceanunaanec a coesco wnc esn ase,e aon oe s raemuec meo comonunaoromnaao cnom aree exxcu,e nor aomoessse so caa con eurecsenac csanmraoevse w.o menone reuna naears are conserene consere an a cannc caeecs. onnse aa,e onoeesarsnee co w an arrown. are reunanc cecas noe same moonnormaon.r.resonusnra ceasn canae useor a are consereor reunanc cec o aears emoraanaeervao snaa mere canaes. ornee.: . osemoran mesr see ca,n ona one,e canaes aeoes.arcuar,neervaon eonnoe coocae reeren ac secaecu mreo.one ve receorrenservease on co-ocaenexoe useorerv cecures ane reerence e s aon oe co-ocae s exc snaene sceeaer. nencae m.o,o wn veccosr socareemroomra meer meo caonnaes oane asusrae eoe sances, an, wer vecor oe co-ocae usne cure eseneoee erenceeweene reerence eween oee c ruerererenncecucreu arne oe cuer creon-cure anseneoee erence reerencecurenex oemora mere caoncaeaecs suere e aunaoe ze co-ocaecure.e , aseceneos.on.or aeeomsooran cans noae avsa seaece,eewroe.en canaes an e curreemno rroaw m o s,os snra coe, ors ouse o oe ons use.erwse,osons useneervaon se e saa aeorre ns- ca eomrans-eae oraasee.reanae moon vecorre meer crvea on caonnaes. arne aeo meres aernormaon o arevous coeocs s s meo,e moon .eae w mue oren aae an use as ore curren rocess canaess mananeurne enconecon a non-s.ueocaenesr r-ecsoeeem,ee w asen a new rows encounere.enevereres oeae as a n socae moonnormaons aeoeas enr caeew naes ma ca aen sez aeae m. eaoe seeaoe.e, wencnsenrcaes uosor-ase oeae, a consraners-n n a new moon canaesrs aeon weer-erres-so aunenca rues unzee waeer.eno reunun,aence cnecca ornee.: . anes reenmocvaeromsenasee an ae canaes aerwars are moveorwar, canaers ceouoee usaes ennre o meeae. eaes sev re canaes consruconrocess. canaeser aaere cana caensnaee.aeeun araen ccec ceecns or aer aennsereoe canaesoe saa oremora mere canae. one smcaons aore renuroceucee. nurms,ere oas oewraonsor reunanc cec,eoown o an saa c o enresneae are reunanc cece canaes reacesaen maxamesa, res aeocwve.econ, onceeoa numer o avaae mere consruconro e mere canaes mnus,e mere canaes acer-ssrosemverasermnae. arwse averae ceaneraeeanaeservaon canaesn s areenerae averanreenears o mere canaee esxsenne me arse canana aens,e us snecoerswo mere canaes.ers an, resecve.e averae moon vecors aren ca mcueraee ca anccorane caneene as oe moon vecor o an an an searaeo oe avaa vecors are ava r eac reerences.o moon oeren reeraenceen ocnueress, a,nesewo moon vecors are averae even weneon moon vecors avaae, usee onse reerreecncec nuor meos soen voe one oan on onenva.so,ea-eneroa ecors avaae,eesss seo. onernces o an an an areeren, ae,e zeroense ar meenrseeres as noe eun a oerea mr-ewse averae mere canaes are canae numers enco res une maxmum mere aveuenorereer.n oereanaes wemaeacn ornee.: . emae macne reorer mner mee moo,e n,a amne a asne m,s aeo reuar mere moe, canae, weree reresenseuere moeexcune recon canae.ore m oc-aseemoraoonecor renemenroces ere moe, mere canaes are reorereeoree severa surouses .r. a mee srue croanu sazeess ses coons.ruceere, m caenre caanesna eeasc are suvroeun aro reorere ascenn accorno cos vauesase o e mere canaesneas nemae macn.or smcaon, eemae muac noners surou are no reorere. eween s coss measure e sum o asoueerences eemaameensc ou aeesm a saee o o reec counrrenoc aner corresonn reerence sames. eerence sames oeemae areoscraucee same saemse ne mooonrnnormoaoen currenoc. oc. oe curren sames oeemena ae o meree m cearneae uzes-reconarecon,e reerencen.. canae are asoenerae -recon as sown e aoveemoar seu comocr-sesas seeve mraer seu c-anemaaees w suoc sze euaosu *su, emae comrses severa s s w e sze osu ×, anee moonnormaon oe suu-oemcsanes wers reow sz aen o ×erssu c.ousm sno own cunrre..e useoervee reerence sames o eac su- nocs eressonase a emae. urne ne canaeervaon e ervaon meo s waansarrozoaseonnroress-,e werecssornovasees a neowo vnaecor suoc-ase mere canae.e moon vecors a re o suocs oe curren n cenerosonsrome neorn rocessoerve a se on,ea ars mouseraearamneers.., are use asenuoenear reresson ornee.: . ase ane caurne sanarzaon exoraonroress aer ,e reresson suoc moonneaeromer avareovno mues cooe w aasnreoose an - .ns meo,e suocs o curren are use asenuoren rerees msoononr vecorsrome aacen reressonrocessn ocess.omareoe suoc m - ,eerencesaerece snsea oenoe suooocn meereo cra cnurreaneosc areerve as ouu.eerve s cane ae ereoe w ore ane s. rec usen aono mere moe, wereemcerve moonnormaons moon vecororerreencceson samessnenreraon oe curren,e mere moe w senn a reuar me oucen . as snae r aer nre,a aoer s aec weer moes useor a. snae snormaon.eu mrereren caonrmaaoensnc seuecee,surer rene e o sec moon manue, an annexorncaon o mso a monerere ccanonaea, annex oneorerswo canaesne mere .n moe, canaeas sn ss seeceoe use as ass.e canaes. aeo sec wc ones useeweeners an secon mere ene osersomanceen saerx snecoens. moso sno mwannnue.nor,m aan oons aensn acaeere- orzoen-ae conme oonesen osr s veecrcea cnom eo eer anr eoownen o sarn .e reaon osancenex aae. sance e on.erecreocnonnenx ceaxn r reerreesseenns oeereocuronr oecones as so rwenanve aooveea saer.n’s ornee.: . noesae meann o sn coue varan accornoenormaon o sarn on.oeen samee s saren oe csursre an unc-recon or-recons woss e oe currencure, or areoure sm.e. s owo reerences areoareran snneowae secese sn oa oersean aeeo oe saer cunrren.cureen,e sarn ss-recons w ewosonoeer e cure.e.e o one r en ses oe curren oe oer reerences semearenecresaarerane oe currencure, ane o nssreaerane onennse,e s onne ceurorwenaceure, aneerence ose aeoes comonen o secese sn o oose vaue.er sarn ane snores as eowae seceswese s,n oee oresnece a oeonesssrea cerans,e snn ane snores as oos omonen o sarn erences oesnos scasse ar aeccoere san va me,oue. no secaneresn nceee oe.senrw eascrecon.e o nssarerane one os e,eerence erence o as an ,e orss scae,enne erence osreaeran,eerencoer os ass sca,eesncree samne w..e s un-rece,e s aeoe ava a.e sarn aeae. recon + − sncanmnrroavesoce c coon ecesnc a ooo sc areeon ceonenn maera exsensons on .memene as aoceve con moe,oc macn seror.menc aee en mcooeeros ornee.: .nncaee oemasaoccem venecorromor meo coun vecoror eac .ere, aoc vecors useo reconsrucensee currencure.rreenumaococo ve ac roere ore annceo-cco,e wcssn anreea recson.e cromaoc vecor rounsoneerrecs er ,e moe can swceween-e an-on as we.en comne w coe sreae aserreco e moon vecorrecsons.n- moes acaeo n moe oerannra ornerrecon moes.e sames. es wo w ane smaeran or euaouma encoe e encoer se,as-ase moon esmaonserormeor.e or nonr-meerrorem msoe, ceecoocr voeccosr w searc eser werorm ore noareranuma sames. searcoes no reurn v e usnas-ase searcrs.as neaa canae,oc macnaseoca searc weerorme. oc an a reerencesoc-asse ex seenarec,oa as aeow meaconc sze-s.easeewe ceancue curren everosonne currencuresase onx suoc aonor sze, aaseseermneo m s.ore currenoc o aarer × suocs mace aca oe reerenceoc wen aeases o a mu asesne corresonn reerenceocaons.ases o eac maec reeere rneceerenocce asre ar ceacouunaeo a maca oe currenoc,eoc vecor coss o noc macn searcn,ee one we mnmum coss seece. curren s. searc ranes seo coveroerevous an moe or sevem,ere moes snae w aa an cane snae as oeoc vecrosrs,n sesmre m oro me n me eo aseo:o ao r mw nesr: caen canaeaenexs useoncae wc e currenoc.e meres consss o coeocss useorec econ, moe:o sca vaec,ore, anarwse canaes. a moon vecorerence. rences coene same wa as recors, onerome neoer anoc on veecroomr areovec neon moero use csoweo. canena eese ars ornee.: . noencoares noe aovcaae, aeauoc vecor we use as arecor.as snae e ve aows one reconuec scr reeonrrecornex. o reuc mc eeemoe oro r cn oonn osumeorne aennecoer comex,e n an some re e areancune reon o curren were eacoc reonre osee .. usraese reerence reon o oe, e ensxuma same un. ,eoownen an oneocaon oe curren con ocaon wne currenn aonores a,re caurerse. rneconoscrucaesn saomeeson-ee cuxrrenoc o, cea cnu arren ,en reerence samesneoom-r x so reeroe currenoc can aso ocs oee , usn moe.e ane reerence r seameroesne reeeroen-cre samxesnoce ooome-eexoc oee econ, currenocasnoeo-r , usn moe. enn aonoe area recon xoc oe curren , reaveoe curren as nosrueceee snam recoenssnrucee curren ,umaocaon, oe reerenc ,e currenoc can aso reere e samesneoom-exoc anoom-r xoc oe oom-r, usnx mooce o oeerwese,e currenoc can aso reero reerence samesn enn aonor,e a curreraen recoocnsarus. cneo sameoom-exoc oe curren , reaveoe curren as noeeen recoenssnrucee cu,rreen curren,umaocaon, oe reerence samesne oc can aso reer , usn moe.ero-r xoc anoom-r xoc oee eoom-r xocw ose,eee curren, usonc can a msoo ree.eroe reerence samesn ornee.: . , can onou rree, currenocasnoeoom-r xoc oe curren moe roe area reconsruce samesne curren , usn memororarwsa resrcon aowse moeoememene usnoca on-c nreermaceomne wnaons. eneraconeweener moone anoos asarwse me oerner conoosn , sucnranerrerceon ca mnoeae,s,o mrease moon vecorrecor , comne eomercar re moe w moon vecorerence , an rosn,n moe are asoows. arwse mere can caane cean usee weneraarwse mere canae an . new , moonsnserenosorueero arveurauren rewero mere canaes.or econ, cannoe usen comna encn. moon,, , on w eoownneroos: ane arons use.r, ans no. aoweore croma conocs wen _onerncuen ase onne oee re secrreenecne conen con exenson,e currencures no recon.eervaonrocess o moonc vuecreosrne reerencecuresor ocsnner moe an vce versa.eoownsoresn m asoeec excues a neorn rs, sarese sameroces s are ae. arwse mer s asn reuar merencun w vecorecausee caen arae ansor-ase moonrecor,usaows an zero an . econ,e senavraaeor muoeer. canaes eacs useor convenona ornee.: . conormance consrra,n,oce e vneccoorer c noneesrsano esn asureremae nmoennvean veceorso arrme oresesream srreeaamm, a cnon moremraen scea co nnosraen uses exreess m nne s eerne cearnms oa ae vsrnuvaauoeur a os reasncre oer.euc our,oreocn, sane asner mo ow. useua-reer.-ens,ea,e currens socs coe usn rece.on moe, oes noneer naeo onncae weer sner-e or searaeromxe, ne numer o mere canaes cane snaene sceeaer vruuamuerse or c roencuear, ssu usoc, aneomerc mere canaes. recon moe an vaoc vecores.oenescree aowae reerence reonor cu,as w en wcu =xczeo anee sze asc cu =z ce,zee v.roura exauer, or a sze ox,e sze ocus asox o me, ocusx an a sze ox r a sze ox,e sze e sze o a s mnc,zee s,ze oncusx. . eacmenson,v = mncze, e vrua ue annva vauer −s,. aeennnr o,cecuons m eaacnane r aoswo, reowress.e woecu w o-e cornere ocone, acueennn oecon a x , reaveoe x wcu re, seecu x = −, w x = x wcu, …, r, aver −eco =n cze, …, czev −. cure, se a conansx, reaveoeo-e corner oe cu x wcu cze = recame x ornee.: . vecorv =vor, avoc coverne coornaesx,,eoownsrueor aoc cux,vens w vacu oerwse,vs no va: nraoconnanceom cze sa noe euao −. n , smroverom asecsreessoownoe er •n an me merere s e son . e ca cnosnrsu arcuecon son vas moe asoows: m , canenserenoe •eorvee canaes. can-are ca,noe aome-en, aon aove-e saa canaes an onearwse averae •emaease aave reoe mere canaes. e ae szreeorrn snc-res aeo meres. canaes areerve wurunn,e are reoarseereoo.eeerr. uero reor mere rs canaes w eowesemae macn c ern,ene mere oss are seece asena canaes a se o cane zs ae.reos voeccaoers’ cnaneaes reoeae ere s are reace w vecorn mere moe, an conseuen,rensce rseon. zero vecorsnva as aoc ree canaes areocae one neacraerse cor ansers one reeeren canaes. ree aona canaes areeer ce reon, an , wos mnene me oeree su-reons,, an ane coaorramneaeerss, a arseseeermcneene w, ane oe currenoc ane w eee -am mcerna .. ema e ess usaec s mnn oeo cromoare mere moe an moe. moe sucae canaes are seece accorno arunone m onee uose w reuar mere eweene canaes asne reuar mere moe.e enn zero mo ao mnouonmseannces ornee.: . r weace an moeon vecorsoee-,,o, - ano-e-, -, werese nee o-e c murerrene. a cocmne moe moe,e seece canaes are rene weemaen n wororoe oreconrocess.e- mere moeaseenu nee re-uar mer meo me,o ue ano a can-maerese aas snae. meres. re seecerome- an sore acaccor onoosee ser reecsue cnanemaesa aere reacnen us cons.eemaeacn meo conserene moon esmaonro ners ones areen ue sme snceeem moaeon vaecconc rs a rreess e cn a oes nm u ses rnua ao.ro - mere an moess reon as sownn..o ne oeneer an wn a reerence recson, ann- ,n mo-e, meer aree meoroe,rm ae re eneemre ansn aereerer ororme aneer eenn one vaue.uc a renemen acce -erecson no cases,e ren sses ono sames wouneroaon. resece consran oe moon vecors ane useemaen eac renemen se mus eere reerence reon. e reerence areae roere croenecn nec aereareoarm,n.s exeneowo rows aove.. usraes areancues ecca,or m,noe coe,e reerence e s wnexm–,n–…,n–,,n–…,n–,,n…m,n, were anooerse m saxzemuemnorz,onanoeesx n wo renue currene, sce orcure.s sen ensures er-sameoc re exra memorne curren aorm.e or vecor searcor caeoca searc ranesmeo– , ezona sze a.n–, vercao aaoe reerence area exenson, wereenoes mere moe w oc vecorer ses-e,-e, m-ere,e m-oe,e w-e,oc- vee,cor-e,eree -nncc eeess ,s- aeo,en .esance e,-e,-e,-e,-e,-e,-e,-e, a -e,-e,-e,- orzona anwo vercarecons. ne recons arewo ornee.: . meres.naeseas oen caneaes c aore seeceromersve canaesne reorereoe currenoc ans reerensceeowree enace reemnemaeeone row aove an one coumne renemnesnosons×or eacas noson, aeosse oso e canae are reorere.na,eo renemen n wex coeno.wesemae coss aree as avaaeosons, conseuenor aaonoramera-aur rowsoxen a roaws as soor camera-cauree conoenne,n reerence ranes reuceromoca searc ranes seo–,owrnzonnau aren–., e vnecrocear s ceeno reucee comex,e recor oe curren.s enc ere aersoc vecor nraemaeaoer mocaons no aeo seuences. a coesenersaermecaeon maocc cnn romrece roenconnsrrau s a secanrarecon moe saeemae macese currenemae.or areceenea srea orc rean cuer,renrame, wose- ore mos smaremaeoe currenemaen a reconsrucear oe enec courerren searrcaes an usese corresonnoc as areconoc.e me moe, ane samere encoeren snase usae os reno ereccoonn oeraonserorme aeecoer se. cur snasenerae macne-sae causa neor oe :c w anoerocn areene searc arean. conssn o: : courren : a-e :eove um o secn e aacsou reeonerences s use as a cosuncon. w re ,eecoer searcesoreemaeaase mnmum eome ceunrsreonns on oe an a us reesosn csorreseaorcnnanoc as areconoc. rooronaoeocmens e_w,earcane_ are se erxe.as: on , oave axe numer o comarsons ornee.: . eeaarrccaannee__w = = a * were ‘ ^^’s a conesannraeam coaner a mo * ascenanoocoms enaexeroare-os w.n srzaececses, ‘ ^^a’ns e oruao. n w ane.s maxmum szeornraemae euao enraemae macnrecon macns conurae. ecaea wen s no us moes snae a everou a u souc-orasseee sme uoro oar c c mu -orren aseone vme.coorrar meoconon meo.maroeemora moon ve vecorrecon oe meooronene coocaeccorrecon n , uses m ureomrove moon vecorrecon an mere .sne cuerrrsenromcure.ne saemeo coowocnaewo mcaure use s useoreve recs moon a eveu n arseeccss: moon a su-ne coocaeerceausree coeocceseemora moon vecorsrome coocaeoc e cur aeocseoom-r or ceneroc reaveonormareonnrom,e cooca aeecsu are m, woeorne se moeoreecneemora moon vecorrom one oe on ss oanerome moon e saa nreocessosrnusocs oe curren. vecors oe su-s wn raen.. recse moon n e curren nwo ses.ners se,e saa neor reerence.cure,s exsam moneon. v as a moon vecora usese coocaecure ass moonsen ecors seeceoee moon soe ae. no suc nee, seceonne s moon ss seo,. e currenoc’s coornaees,o oe maono snu s--eevne meononenos ae.e., aeo an reerencencesrome coocaecure as sownn.rma.one emxaomone vnecors. ornee.: .norm asasumones oes m cooon ss seooc’s moon.en,or eac su-,e moonne coocaecrruerseosn usneoocervee smea meoso mnoonra coverse cener same moonnormaon oe coocae su-senen,ormsa cononveroeroe sue m-o.on veercoe an reerencences oe curren su-n a sm rs wereemora moon scan ar wa ase rocess o , moon vecors s aeo ane reerencecures oeemora caneae an m anoos onee m,e s ee a o nr c aeo cme c eannureren saae su ess uo. sec a seoarse uene m ce ser anrae amns ee o w r s seuc coocna aansseo mere moe. moes enae,e recors ae asers enr oes o.e mere canaes, anoowe e ane mer suocase meress snaen a e canaes.e sze o suocasesn . ne maxmum aowe sze oe suocase meres moe, meo sue-s on sze a usecaneoes wxeooe wx, an an aseoneo arre aarne mere or euao. eran ore oer meree en cacnonaeos,ca os,eo aona mere canaese same as erormeoece w r eac n or sce, an aona cecs recone reernoem useen we oca canoae. uocase ane moon comensawono cr ane moe an reuce comuaon comex comareoxeasean m soavoen m ceommoren ascacessanw orecon accuracena.o aceve on, ae cos recon re anerranuar o moon comensaon, moon comennseameenr wec oon wcaoouwncreasns usee meomo renee suocase ane comensaon.n , aere suocase ane moorn a ccocmessenasnawonsoerr moromeon, ornee.: . umearecsones scarmee as rene an aerenceerve e ocaow euaon. enerae suoce s reeo souwnoco-uras sees a:ne moon comensaonserormeo cacua e ce sona ^^a ^^, ^^r.aens ^^#^^, ^^ an ^^'^^, ^^ oe suocrecon are exacee a sam eaec as sarmaeeno ccaacouna usn a-aer−,,.eraen cacuaons ^ ^^^# ^^^^,,^^^^==^^^^^^^^,, ^^on^^n^^ ^^ ^^ −.^^ ^^ −, ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^^^'^^ ^^ ^^s use ^^o conr ^o^ ^^ ^^ ^^e −ra ^^e ^^n, ^^’ −srecs ^o^ ^^ ^^ ^^ recons exene one same n.e suoc.e.x aon on eac seoreraen cacuaon.o avo samesa on memeo exrenaneworer asn are aonaneroaon comuaon,ose exene reerencecure coerome nearesneerxeosonne ow euaon.e. eumarecon renemens cacuae eoown oca ^^ ^^, ^^ = ^ ^^#^^ ^^, ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^#^^, ^^ ^^'^^, ^^ ∗ ^^'^^, ^^ a ^^, ^^a,seennen.,se suoc o oerr ^o^r ^^, ^^e, aenrencee source nooun.e. sueoc ^^ ^^,o ^^ wscuan samzee^n ^^, ^^eeons, as sownn ncee ane moear un o uam samerecson. suoc ameers ane sameocaon reaveoe rs su coecn,e arn are re nuo canerom suoco suoc, ^^ ^^, ^^ cane cacuaeore orzona an vercaseooser oer suocsne same.e ^^ ^^ ^^, ^^ an ^^ ^^ ^^, ^^ee ^^ ^^* ^^ ^^ crome sameocaon ^^, ^^^oe cener oe s^aneerve eoownuoc ^ ^^^^ ^ ^^ = ^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ^ornee.: . =^^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ^^, ^^ ^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^, ^^, ,oc c −enero,s woenrse,e cener oe e anarame, an are or- resecve. +!e",e+r#a"ne moe, ^^^^==−^^^^== +- ^^%#, ^^%'areeo-e,o-r anoom- recon ^^ ^^, ^^e.ennaar,eecuomna’rseecneorane w e renaesem ane one n ^^e ^^,o ^^ o osw ae ne. eoe suoc ^^′ ^^, ^^ = ^ ^^ ^^, ^ uaon. s aree same, wsc no^ nec a ^^ aese ^^, ^^ enw oon casesasor an ane coe: a conroon arameers arereaeran a sec ransaona moon e ane moon o ase o avoare memeor amcecausee suocase ane serae moon esmaonas w encon m.eoss acess noean aow reeu ace reu aen ere enm mcoen on. on c eosmmaexon o sa aene oownwo suaons: a ss noe roooc ansarenocoes no seen e ane moe asses moe, s no a c see e snceeoss or curren o ,c aree a a snmea meore aasne asr meoeenseowresoe a mnaneu cuerr oenourc aurneesa nroam aeeorwse,a, ornee.: . cacseu.ren,s was, noe a anee moecoanus eesmeamonro wvemennrouce s smaors ore curren veo sanars an cane, a ocnceerae. ocs are useoerve ane mere canae aacen neorn .ornere canaes sore currenoc, as sownn. an ver an consruce canaes resecve.oncreasee exens oe c moveerraee ca on neaeso anrnurocers exromor ae saaa correaons,s sraorwaro ne curren veo s cen areaso non-aacen areas. erverom one ne anars an , eac anenere canaes ane consruce canoraneosce wrve arnoem mowoon onrormraeeon n.enoern oerocans, w eac rearnvsaaoonna m meooon wnocrma coomn.noesu arneer exore saa correaons, a new canaenvesae. moon anransaona moon mae exeneo oere c coann maoeees,r svuaco ans a meneosro mosoee aonr a renuea mr mereree m mooe,e. maenormaonromor senraoc co moe usen an ,e moon moe or aa mo nee.oerrsesor ae,so usse sraor canorwaares’oe erxveanon,e eroeror mere ervaon meos ose canae moes exenno eere uessnennrao noscc oo c nsuore, mo aaee ce c. nan neaeorernvaooncsrocuess asoor n aone mere neornocs.eae meos mae summarzeno n-aacen ane mere canaerunn, non-aac own asecsncunnere mere ca en neoraseervaonrocessor ane consruce mere cnanaaese,s, nonn-earaacnecne naeseeorrvaasoeervaonrocessor ane mere canaes, aseervao n meoor ane consruce canaeerv n meoor ane consruce mere canaes,normaon soraaeo,n an me canoaoer aervnaeonorn mraoeoc an co re muoare. mere moe, moon ornee.: . ame sze, casn nee ae aenree ru mnearn ne csaa ane n esaru seen nsn anr aocessca veo con sanars usuaas ane merenere canaes an cons o remove reunan ones.oro s exanenenroucon se ruce canaes,srunnrocesss neee. ane moon comensaon con, s o a currenoc are norec useor eocaon o eac su-o.nsea, s neeoe converenoransaonas a oown aenera anec m wne currenoc.e conversonrocessserorme ^^o ^e ^ as sowneow: =^^#, ^^^^==^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^wer' ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ar ea, reacmeone,rs ^^ororzona o , ^^ areeorzona an vercasance oevoocaone..,e cener cororo-neae co ^^r,n ^^er s oow an sun-oc. r,e anav ^e^,o ^^esoe-ear ceornraenrs oaonea currens ooce..,e or-arameer ane mo#e,'ree s,erme as0 an1e an su-2oc. avaae.ene sx moearameers ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^ an ^^ c , are ^^ ^ ^ane cacuae as ^^^^ = = ^ ^^^"" ^^'#,e or-arameer cacuaer amse as0 an1, are avaae,e sxarameers o an cane ornee.: . ^^ = ^ ^ ^^^^ =− ^ ^^" ^^'# ^^or-arame cacua,eer amse as0 an2, e ^^ ^ ^ ^^^^ = =− ^ ^^^""'#"'e currenocn a,ove o srooseo ceencwoe m semrear can oae ses o s are comareor reunanc cec, runnrocess e ane moearameers.ereore,e canae arameersorn can eacee can,ervoer anme ew seon c araenwo saees s.es o s,e corresonn ane moe s mae reresene w erve.ore secca,ewo canae ses o an ^^%, ^^%, ^^%, o ses o ane moearameers, e.., ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^serormeen ^^%, ^ wee^%, ^^ , ^^ en,%. easweo s oens o one a orn meo mreoere-aeramneeersr.esn oone v eamueos, smmena,r w cec asoue vaues o ^^- ^^, ^^- ^^, ^^- ^^, ^^- ^^, ene osvereso vaue,% % % %^^- ^^%an ^^- ^^%are aeow a an one oem cane sruucne asremeo vvaeue a on n,oeuwon cane maerese a craen consaeeres.oe smar ornee.: . removeo smn somee em cacouameonnss,nevsons or r s oeraonsne mae ecca,e moee runnrocess. enve e w ^^ arameers o ^^, ^^, ^^ an ^^ mae cacuae wou euaon as an exame ane oe currenoc.or exame,ae aove cacuae aseow euaon,e. aroxmae moearameers o ^^′, ^^′, ^^′ an ^^′ mae ^^^^^^′′′ = =^^ ^^^^%## − − ^^^^^^""##erverne casea o s e oome cuerr oeneroar o ormac oe w ac.ns case,e moearameers mae convereoaee aroxmae moenarameeersn oo ^ a^′c,c ^o^′u,n ^^′. anor ^ e^′x mamae,en caceu caasee oasee e onuaon,e eow.ne case oe euaon,e aroxmae moearameer euaon mae cacuaease on euaon s o ^^′, ^^′, ^^′ an ^^′ ^eow. ^^^′′ = = ^ ^^^'# − − ^ ^^^""#'caceunaoen a oroxe amasoeu meo vaeues a are n an ^^′ are cacuaen aovee,e cane accorn: ^^- ^^%, ^^- ^^%, ^^ / e -e ^^% / e, ^o^ / r - s ^^m% / ,ar ^^ / - ^ c^% / e acnn ^^ / -e ^^% / e. aove mae ornee.: . eweenwo canneaee ses o aove,.reseore vaues are neeeo evauaee smar vaues.n one emomen,ereso vau mesa mae meuenee waesr coomeanraeeeararemso aes one examens emomen sownreso v eer. moearameer.n anoe aueseneer comarae e sze oe curren corn emoocm.ena,eesre osneo ex vaamuees mnaes eemnoe consern reso vauesene e sze oe curren c men sown aeonoc. omarae aarameter reso vaue z xesze < <=ze <=xesxes vaue e we orn aenoe . eee ane consern emomen. re examesns anae soawser sesowos vareusesoe vaneueseneee oe we cu orrene c curren conoc ae onoc. t <=t o txees currentoc reso vaue eett o <= te cxuerrsentoc reso vaue ornee.: . vaues.n anone arn eomeor emmeno,meen,reseore vsaoues v maaues meaeneeene an as c aomrouna ooxe aove emomens.n one exame,ereso vaues maeene consns o erenarameers ane we anee oe currenoc.aes one exaemrnns emomen sownreso vaues e oc.eroeseena ene ee oe curren con ma r ann aanram aeoevresreonoesen em ano emuaenosn,sreom com euaaraonearaom eeuears,on nee.e, omarae ae aarameter reso vaue reunanc e ameersor canae w eren c aecne moees, e.., one mere ca rocessor canaes wree s we anoer canae ma usenae ma user-arameer ane moe conserseerenmacs o eac n a- maerramee cer ane moe wwo s a eac su-oc anrovese smar sncanacne oawe wenervneare reaeoe w a o ane mere canaes on-naecen oee cuorrenoc. ereana raseervaonrocessor nenere maeerormoers ennereree mere canaes, non-aacen neoraseervaonrocess roecon.esor can saees.runen.sor canae scannn.esor ornee.: . oown menoe, non-aacen neornocs are scanne an seece cans.nn area a area an aoven ar seoam oe examnes, nosna-naceacen neornocs mae scannerome numer o conocser coumrrene c scoannnnocos.one socannenesance maeene ase conocs. se oro se oe curren mueness sownn., on eeree or aove oe curren conoc, reresens oe n nounm-aearc oen co nenoorcnsroocs mae scanne.esance sownn. s ce oe currenoc.or exame,e arema e wac c “ansanaceeoso”n onoeeee s see o oroe auwrarenromocen curcraenesoac.em canarae neornocsocaens area areocs erensan ncaons mae aeo oer scannn areas w sance maances ve o.nee o sram meoreoc emomens,e non-aacen neornocs a eac s sow sze ase curren conoc, as sownne.. aacenn neno.rn,oec nson-aa ocnene ne aoveor sneaovcese sa onee se ane non- .n some emomens,e me sze ase currenoc a non-aacen neornocs a eacsance maave ocerenso acn a szaec aesn nee curreonrn ceonornoc, aosc soownene..e neorn .,e non-aacen neor currenoc .s sownn neornocs on nocs onee se ane non-aacen neornoc s an ae aaceonve n seeaovrene soacmeo szee a csurreen curreoncoc .e oea wene non-aacen neornocs a eacsa. sameoc sze ase curren conoc,e nceavee accornoearonranuar a eac veareune o areaen aoncm sazee.s aoaevae w ceannee ornee.: . n coon-naacoecn, nee vaouren ooecso a eacsanceave aerenoc sze ase curren x orx.ex non-aacenc m sozeo mnaees sreowennen as a. con asnan va.ue, a sruec exa asx,ns case, weree moones mae consere as,u mes su-ocs. nomeo, seca cases o szes as we.n omnea erxa,mee, none-a nonac-aena ccoenn conocso scosw mnanave.e m saze aasvee ceren conoc, wcs aave cane.n anoer exame, urren ocs maave areene sze w axe v e non-aacen con ase oneene scannnsaaunec, suc asx,x orx. eeree or aove oe e,eoa sze oe scannn area on sance vaue.n one or more em curorenme cnos,ne c mocaxm muam secanenenrmne a conurae an aove se ma use a same vaue or sance onee se maxmumsan eren vaues.. sows an exame weree scannnsancece v oanueos maeee seeerm anne aove see en scaores a same vaue o.e maxmum ernave,e maxmum sca er se an snaen asream. suc a nnnsance vaues maereene asxe vaues, o,snec vaaeuse oa ore s.cannennreo mceasxsmsuemrm scnaannnsancesreene ase vaue e non-aacen neornocs w e wene canaessu or a comesrs. a mossanceaveeen scanne, wcever e sarn ann e onnen or n meore eomrnomoecnss m, waen eoasco sncannn area a a seccsance, n some emomens,oree se scannne aerneaen. ocs maee aacenoom-eoc oe sar s,e sarn neorn scannn area w smaersanc n neornoc oe aacen neornoc oe “s e.or exame, as sownn.,e sarn aacenoom-e neorannce”oc scan onne a sreaar onn neee soren ooec cu orrene “ocsanscee ornee.: . sa”nc sceann.ne ar eena.nn ne.,or,, resecvencaessance,sance, an neornoc oe aove scannnno acresa m wa smeaeer asaacnecne.eor exaomc oe, ae enn .,e enn neornoc oe “sance” scan s sownn currenocse aacene neo nn area onee se oe “sance” scannn ar rnoc oe enn neornoc oe mar,eaor aoeve aovee c surreen scanoc. wee aaceno-r oc oe sarn nnen aorerans,eo scar one ne aaceonrn scannocns m araea e en smnae nresanorcen.eoc en one n aeaceonrn scannocns a mreaee aaceno-eoc o .- sow an exame wereeare w smaersance. rmos non-aacen neor nosons oeoommos aneo-r oc oeoommoocssr a am soesccocsanncee arer uesveou.snsan.ces, useeoom- oommosrmosoc oe currensance.n., ase oommosrmosocnerevoussances eeooc oe e currensance. use aseoommosrmosoc o . n .-,, resecvencaessance ansance can orer oran ruesen mnn aee nreer oowornocs are scannene non-aacen areas, ceran ocs. eoeermnee seecons oe scanne neorn scannne ano svoem aere eams.os smoewnns,nee. are,a mrae scanners, anenoowe sance o eenes o non-aacen arease..,rom scannnereenseasn oce non-aac oenn areeaes a sovee mea curer scanners,enoowe n some emomens,ee areas ane anoveoc a. aernave.or exame, as so reas mae scanne scanners,enoowe ew sncannnn.e a,oveee area sc wannn “s araenace w.” “sance”s ornee.: . scannn orerosrr socmannen areasocae one same see..,e or aove areas,e maeex comne a wreas w oer sm emaosmanecneso o seca anrenasn w orearresance.s orer an aroovme a smreaas mase scanne ae .or exame,ee oe rnave, ane oreror same se areass sceue nan ecaeco sacranennsan arcee. ene.n on a a a seccsance, a scannn orer mae oom neeo ermnoomcen,ooreeoe ne scannornn areaosc,.eo scrannen a mae sarerome scannn mae sarerome r ove scannn areas,e cannnermn ocoeeoc. areene asoruaneere can mera aeo e cn sa.nn saoems,e eem neomeonrns,oec scsa cnonen wroc aessn me moe erormeneracve.or exame,e scannnero ae sance mae soe aens rmen a secc area a a secc s areeneosve vaue.aonrc eex wamene,r ass souwanne can.,aese a srceanene, were scannn area wsance mae soe weners o nnnee areene.ene nexerao ne or moreuae canaes scannn area, wcs reuae an ore- sceannnen scarnoncenss osr searrreuaren a anoer exame, a eacn onsean orce m,ores e semoomeen, ws,ce me manaeenee.or eacsance.or sanceersuae ca se scannnsermnaeor eac e naesoun ane scannnrocesss resarerom a arene vasuean oce o mae saem see a arsea oer samee same orerensance o aeren area.oe e maxmum numer ouae can vaaeuse ar oerounerenro vmau aes aorowaeerensasances. reuae a maxmumsance o an area,e ncese.., ermnae. scannnrocessor one areas comee ornee.: . oe, wc mne aannosere e smcanonnmesn,e maeeneor an area.or exame,s se e currenoc ersuaeremn caaneaores aere woouen ar aenae..e, secan onr aove area o resarerome same orerensance nrocesss se ase same v o anoer area.oeae vaue o mae canaes areoauune orrome aren are vaas,ueseo wroeren areas.e maxmum numer ouae e vaues o e scannnrocesss comeeermnae. e maeeneorosance an areas.or exame,or seaco ar.eaee. v.a,uees o or a movae areea se oe currenoc,s seo, anor eacsance,s sances. ase same vaue oreren vauesoreren areas an or exame,ne s scoamnen enmoeromremnes,n ae s sceacnncn arearo ace ass s mecacesearnocrem mea coen snouoeus. ensance wen a covere neornocs are scan a canaes areene ore maxmu ne an no moreuae urn e canam aowae numer o canaess reace. neo e scannnrocess, eac canae non-aacen meosr.nor eaoscersmeeemrmennaeon an, eac scan canneaoowne aoveroose scannnncae orocae a secc scannnoson.e nnocen- aa saeccenc s nceannnor anrea aonc msae areece oown aoveroose meos,e scan ance accornase onoown me nnosons maeeermne non-aacen nen oneo mrneoo,cos reosmo e-ces. ve an, ao-r osons are useor aove ane n anoer meo,oom-rso ssowonns anre us.. aacen neornocs, as sow eoro aove ane non- aacen nenor annoeorc mse, aso s,owon non nm-e. .os. .ons are useoro aove ane non- ornee.: . aacen nenor annoeorc mse, aso,o-r osons are useoro aove ane non-s assumeoaovre easeer samuesra s ocoonw,nnn..-., eac non-aacen neornoc usraon mae eas exene soze n aosn-aea ccuernren neoco.rnooucoss oenera,s szes. s w erenoc an suarnearr,sn mae,e samerocess o roecon as usene currens assumeo saree same ae une mzeo.en wse seecreoe nceonorocess,e currenoc ree cornerxe’s coornaese.., e currenoc usesr-nrameocer, moenew,ow oor c couorrrennaeosco us-ees-rxaemseameocaon ano-r xesameocaon are use e r xesameocaon aenr mooeom,-eree coxoersanmaeseooca-eoxesameocaon,o- euaon or, wceens on w n are use areueno arameer or-ara eere neornocs coe w a- neme,er a ane moe,oeneraewo orree s. e maor nuae canaeasenene an converen mere canaeous. a semeaars o c secm aarans c aec ex asren a canaesa are areane “neereanaerunn” reaescrene secon o smar w an e aove. e newuae canaesounoe removerunexsn canaene canaes,s newuae canaes ereanao.n-aceneoraseervaonrocessorneonsruce en nese case oervnnere mere canaes, one neornocs an mae c aon oanenwmoe, o wrerreees sns.en nee caosrnoc neesoe coen ane moe wo orree neornocs maeene oee arv onne conmser,u wceer mee erace canenaees, ornee.: . n reereveornromocsoeosc no neeoe coen ane moe an on oneransaona s erve usn n.on-are. asceenns n ane examorne were consruce ane mere canaes mae osons oree non- oc.n.,, an areeeoraca e aacen neornocs. vrua conocsorme usn osoosn oon o ase asoeomo-e-e co crnorenr.er, conesoson o aseo-r corner, ane es aeosons o erne vrua as an ane coeoc, e moe ',' an’ maeerve oowne euaon, were osons oa,ram aeners. ^^n ,c ^^e, ^^e ,r ^^v ,e ^^,, ^^e mae cacuae eransaona ae reeanarssore cu s aosons o’,’ an’ mae use ase s rrenoc, ane exsnrocesse one usene an o or ceonnesrraucne co mnserruec cean anaee ms,e nroen canaes mae use. rocess maeerormenve ses.e non-aace-na naeceno nreaseorerasveaoervaon maeerormeneve sesn an aaraus nrocess or canae s suc as an encoer or aecoer.es esor cancannane.eneeraosno.r annee moesoer cearnmnaaeon.resor roecon. neornocs mae scann unn.ne, non-aacen cannnrea ane asnanc seeece oown meos. rocesss onne sromorem eemoormweon nso,no manan a recanuar conoc,e scannn neornoc maeeenen o-naaecenor nzeonao arnn veroccas.oseonsr o none-aacen secon non-aac rs an erormeorne e snoom n see o enmo s oornm aennosc,. as.se soowsnonn o. ma,ee un scaunennrocesss on orzonaoson o ane vercaoson o. eermne e ornee.: . va.e vaoo orm aos vaon vr muaa coeneneoc,eoson o ma neeoe aeas osons avaae or no.n one emomen, as we coeneroec moocoanen aormeaoons ae ma neeoe coenner-moes sucae moo on vrua con nnormaons avaaeoorm a noc. o a secc scann sonme ermecoonm.ens,e scannn area ansance maeene accorn oe currenno scom.e enme eoxammeness,e scannnrecon maeerencuaroe se onene o connuous moones s oonwnene o.r a,o wveeree ce scannn areasene as sancesene ase num urrenoc.e scannn c er o moonesrome scannnosonoe se oe ourreen aocca.eo veeao coe snze s oanaer msoone maeeenen one maxranuar moones assumeoe ane w.ne cuer erexname s soawnnarns an. se,oee szxe oe n some emomens,e scannnrecon maea . currenoc.ne exames sown raeoe se oe ne o connuous conocs onnee. or a, woveeree ceu srcrannn areasene ase one n some emomens,e scannnreceonnoc. erencuar anarae scan mae a comnaon o ..s sownn.,nen scanonne sreec oone m caurreen asoo ac.ne exames sownn aona.cannn aoson s comnaon oarae an ee an arsromeo r, anenn aaonarecono scannn a uoseronoc s.arse srcoamnnon aooosoomn, w reea as sownn..mar, an ueroc.e sca anenn aaonareconoee cannnnrnenr aoson w reea as sownn.. ornee.: . w smaernsa sonmcee eomoemosenosn,s we scanann orer maeene asromeosons orer mae aeoe c rersanceoe curren conoc.s n some emoasmee onse,reen sccuar scannn. sx-aern scannn orer mae useanornne c oarner maaeoesoensne w as s amxaersaanercne. ne examese case oarae scannn.n one exame . ene aso-ownreconoree s ,e scannn orer mae r reconsore cannn area, an maeene asromeo ore c aaove scannn areas,ee exame sownn.. comnaon ox-aersne a ones caonmceneeen scaennn,ne meeo exa,mee sc sanonn orer mae a cannnermnaon wnn.. ane coe snocer c oonnsrruce mere canaes,euae canaeoes no neeoe ermnae weneeneerna s onnsa uaeon rea eures n nuemeeer. o canaes,e scannnrocess mae s sownn canaes areene, weres aosve vaue. nam .,n oreroorm a vrua conoc,ree corners maee a osn,er anorme areor neeene.nor eaese nronm-aeamceenaon,e scannnrocessne an, wee coornae o n neornocsocae a corners coornae o ane v maerecseeermne aneorzonas resrceoe recaneer.cna coeor casnea we oen e.ners w ora,oenorsm uena vvarua conoc ounar, ore moonnormaon ae non ae, e.., ou o o ors unavaaee -aacen neornocs corresonn orzona coornae or v.er.,cae cooorcnsa ceo oen manrae-meoe or screen-conen moes,e or verca coornae oeo ne aseorzona coornae n anoer emo-emeonn, oe currenoc resecve. eermnerome scannnrocessn ween,ee no conr-naeracen an neor coorrnnerocssocrase ornee.: . a an coorrner m aanoer res meaoevoenoen a wccornne. cecon,eosons oe corner ocs, suc ase mass cener o eac non-aacen noerresoonrnno ncon.-aora ecxeanm nee,eorn cener maeene aseeomerc cener o eac ne mass en scannnrocessserormeor corneorrsnoc. .,erocess maeerormeon o an corner as sownn scannn,erevous rneenen.n exames oneenen an.n exames oornoo scsaenn scnan,nnere m meaose maereen a meeo sesa arae one corners n one emomen,arwse scannn maeerorsoows. arwse scannn,e canaeosons me.n one exame o or easerusraon an wouoss oeonre croarne,rss anoa aere sm.uan aeso auns ex aamvance. sownne.,e scannn o corners sareromers e.s neornococae one aove se oe curre non-aacen e scannn o corners s noc,n aoom-o-urecon. ee se o areromers non-aacen neornococae onn.,arwe csuerr secnannnoc m,an a ree-noe-e asraecoen c.anereaoere,one exame sown o avance w one un o se sze, were o sons o an are oe curren conocor cor ne un o se szesene asee or corner. ner anene ase w oe curren conoc exame o aenrna anvoe secran enmno,mee cnan, aaerenaosveon scsanonrn maeerorme.n one avance. one se, oneo corners an are aernave s no cane.n one exame,seonos oon o or co mrnaere m aavanceer,o wresseveeonscreoan o or ers non-aacen neornocoesance ae ma serom aacen neornocs, weeoson o xmum numer o non- neornoc.ne nex roun,eoson c oorneer cor rneemran ms aoveseorse n soenco-ana ncoenn- ornee.: . a maaxcmenum ne vaueo arnan.oce, r aonuneoson oe cornersraverseromersoe scannn orer,o arn un scacnanonneurrs a mor nseea, con one mnu roee oso un es o a ore conmnn sacaonnnsn are arreaave arnse.sance, ma comee orara reuseo ervnnere mere canaes emomens,e same meoserneervnor cnonserruece m mereree c caannaaees s.can one or morencueu nomeo scannn area ansance, s nnn, wc mae comee reu cannn orer an scannnermnaon, n some esemor consruce mere canae scannn. sca omens,e same meoseneornere mere canae exanmnne,n mas ceasea.rn reu.se,oer cooncsr suzcee o e maere canae scannn.. sows an ase currenoc, w c non-aacen neornocss same roce cs smarene asnere canae scannn,ue woe oc.sss a sme verson sncee scannn a eacsancesmeoe on one non-aacenner.e m-ere r ceanresenae asn aone nro enx-amens case.n .-,o ene w e sameo aacen consruce mere canaes are scannn area, an scannncer smzena asone co cnurreonns c moaneeocn,e wee scannn orer, conocs, wne.e m,axmeu mmaxmsaunmceosra ancoeveo sree no sne non-aeraecnen. neorss ocs.so, a eacsance,e sc -aacen neorss coneor aove se. annnreconsoom-uore se an r-o-e se an aove sne.n. a,oen m,axem scuamnnnsa anc ae s oe nconc-asacaennce nse unorssoro eres on oneoc a eacsance.n., avaaeecause sance maeermnae uae e scannn oeraons wn eac reenexe vaue suc ase vaue o can or anae os areeroesnvee.neeer v,a oure a o sna mea vaeu ae ornee.: . eec vaeue oe e mncoer, or a conurae vaue ae encoer oreecoer.n one exame, nae.e sam-e as,ee mere canaes sze. ermnae scannn oeraons a erensances mae vaue suc aseu vaauee o can or aanes o areereonsvee.neee vra,ue o mae areenexe encoer, or a conurae vaue ae encoer oreeco oerr a. sn onnaee exa vmauee,ece ve e maee same ase mere canaes sze.n an aue o e same ase vaue o. oer exame,e vaue o mae oe currennoco ma.ero-rz,e,e w nonc-anacceane ssaaa n noen-ors w cosersance w sanceesn scanne or cece aacen saa neors a non-neav eoree neors w sance, were mae m ae seerc recressenancne, a u seocwco nosna-nace.acen saa neors are use, wc seeeacnse ao mronse ornee ne or coorrom one se, e..,ee an aove, oe currenocs e cecn orers oenseruc see c aann aaovee sereva neon,o arvsa araeeo.os sownn., resecve.or.,s rue mae aso a m-u an r-e, an seccsanceere e, wereeerence maea a a or consrucse on can onea oes,o ans soorw eancn see o.e cur,reneoosc.ons o oneeonca aoonve o non-eaoace-ne s naea neor caonrs areerseermneneenen.era,e recanuar vruaocoeer w eeee arnmn aeove ac ncoonr-anacen w nec caonrs encose a sownne.,e moonnormaon oeree n .en, as orme s aeo-e ,o-r a on-aacen neorss useo wcsnaroeceoe curre noom-e oe vruaoc, canaes. n oeneraee corresonn consruce ornee.: . se are evauanee an, ane ararnosraaoen aanes aeosons oe seece canaes aer an wouoss moe maeeermne.or easerusraon u oeoenaecraors, s.s use as an exame aan. eren reerencenexes,eu sccan ansnarrwocaerses m coansreans,memenaon comex an cane oaese a sreeeceene.o ermnaeeore enou numer o mor r exame,e moonnormaon oe moone a one or e can moaones aere mae unavaae. corres normaon o a ree canaes are avaae,enormaononn o v onreua o coenreeo ccan reareessenss u ana-aarameer ane moe. e moon oc reresens a-arameer ane moe.e moeo,nneo cromrraesonon on mor veruaan c oonen o reereserene a ca vnaaess unaae,e corresonn vrua conoc mae unaeo n s aomnee e mmooe. cornern., oe vrmuean cs,one moocons unnoavrmaaaoen, a oreeo mo-e corner, e..,e oeo-r corner, e..,e cornern onnormaon a ne.,s un ., anoom-e corner, e..,e corner reresen a va moe,avaenaee, aen vruea moac mea see seoroee cnuvrraen anera uonaeo n some emomens, eereo-r corner, e..,e n. ., oroom-e corner, e..,e corner cornerne unavaae,e vruaoc n.,s unavaae,u noo are ne,e m varu reresen a va-arameer ane moe. sameroeconrocess useornae croen meroce casn aeaoe r meareseen us ae va ane moe,e n one or more emomens,e sameroeconroce. mere canae mae use.ns case, ss useornere conocromesroeceo a- aar-amareamere meor meooer reer ceusrerneneoc,e an vr aua- ornee.: . aarraammeeeerr m mooee roerreese cnue e vrua conocromesroeceo a- romes anw saomser eomecorren emoeno asc,. -aer ane moe reresene e vrua conoc oc. ameer moe or a-arameer moeore curren oea accorno euaon an,ere maewoes o- coarrnamereer a,neer mmoee a,s w0e arnee1, aree avasaea, aeo-e corner ano-r anoom-e corner ,erm neesaeo-e corner n one or more emomee as0 an2, are avaae. moese samee oe-arameer ansn,e meoee re oreseeneroecee vr-uaara cmoeer ane or exame,e ane moe reresene e vrua noc. -arameer ane moe,ener conocromese or or resecv oece ane moeore currenocs asoe conocrne om so.mee emso awmaenss,roeec-earaomeer ane moe reresene e vrua currenoc.or e samee o-arameer moeore vrua conoc exsam awea,seroecee oore o-earam-earearm aeenre moe reresene e ne,ase oneroece s aere a,nn oen meo ee. canaeeneraonrocess usen xame,e same anoer emomen,eemora mooen cu verrceonrs use onre ca snanaarese mneare use.n ore curren or sanars mae no u aonrocess ocsaseervaon m seore non-aacen neorn aeenerae comneaoons.o neon coenaemn aonrae mmooorn vecors are no use,ncaes ne, an newenerae canaea a moon vecors. smar cec aans a exsn canaes ere maorou a eas o smar cec are areaescrea anre aere saeconn oe “ mernee ca mnereae cans.aee ornee.: .nrunen ca.”naee nesw,se nneewraee cnanaesounoe smar w an exsn canae n some emomeerae canaes remove orrune. corner ns, a vrua conocsorme eermnnree corners aorne usse,o an rer,e asnen anen aenera mnosaeonoas oexocsocae aeree ane moe oe vrua cono re vrua conoc. e en,e rocess ma csroeceoe curren conoc.s woe saa neeor ussee.o.,eerv sue-eocrssocea oe ane canaes consrucerom non-aacen aacen saa ne eree cornerons, an are non- m ors.n some emomens,s meo mae aeo an ane oo ree,u suacr m aos ae, snuec m aesr ree muoare m aner ae mne moe, ans meo mae aso ae ane moe cane useoerve aranosae aonna reuarase on m ao see,ceccauosseoenroece cenerosonnse o areconoc or a cono e..,e anaesneranceaseervaoneocor. neonsruceere one seece soar eaac n aeneonrnereoc can wace, ase moonnormaonsnereromnormaonncues s, reerencenexes,re coceonnre aconne, a monee. moeenee,r eec. connsruec oeerromanw,oo orr eacree a seneec consruce canae, ae moonnormaons seece neornocs coue neo c soaean or aemne moroae n aen onornransocaso,n wa meoenormaons neee onere canase ssecro on n m anon c,o ae n n s see rwec uc cae en ne canaeaeorr evnaonoc mse.o wc comneseeaures n some emomens,e comnasosn oscnoseer. reaze searane ane moearameersnoerenancreo auns, c wonserreu ocnoenr moau oe ornee.: . aaranmeeaerrasm areeernse arreenreorme oreorm one neornoc, we oerrous o ane worous.snsoonwenexnamuea,one na,re aanmaeoerrnsn e o onoce as.ne moe mae consrucerom^^, ^^, ^^, ^^ an ^^.eransaonaarameers ^^m, ^o^ meamarecroenseannoarameers,ncun ^^,ransaonaarameers ^^, ^^, ^^nerou, wee non-eworous o , ^^ ma reresen anoerrou. sroun meo, ocsners saeram aneerse mna conceaneneaeenceonnsrunceeroeer ao cmomwoee aeren neorn secon se.ns case,erou w non-ransao ne moene one ane coe neornoc, naarameersasoenererom rom anner-co weerou wransaonaarameers mae ae anee neornoc, wc ma or ma noe coen ane moe.oe ocs or non-a coaecen ne anoer nneoocrn maoces seeacsee ornomre avoaucesn aronoese neorn meosor anenere canaes, suc ase meos s scannn scannn meoruencune scannn area a ownn.,ase ermnaon usen nsance, scannn orer, an scannn nene eecon o “on-aceneoraseervaonrocessor aacen nereorerocesa onr noane-as” wacene nee scaonrnnoc mse.oe mrnaavee,eroerme ono neornoc mae nosca exse,u vrua consru ane coe coe neornocs, suc ase meos so cerom reuarner- meoruencune scannn area an wnn.,ase scannn ermnaon usene sance, scannn orer, an scannn neonsruc econ o “on-aceneoraseervaonrocessor eermnenne soemreeer n exe waaman s.esn,ae ones. e n” meeoornocs assocae w eacrou mae arameers mae arom no ,e neornocsorerenrous o meos mae smaresnn-eaa acsene nerevooursnnreooseor m areeaso, wsoer noen- sacanancenn ornee.: . nreouso oraarsaemeeerrsv maaoner aocersos.mn a anaoer meo,e neornocsoreren meos maee sam cen neornneor areas, wee scannn neorn e ase curren or veo sanars.n anoer meo,e arrom nono-c asaocrenerenrous oarameers maearrom aacen areas an en ne neornneor areas. neornneor areasoro cronnsrucnoc cusrren aree o sca cannneaes,rome scan nnonn-araoccen maeerenerormerome non-aacen neorasee ess anenere canaes.n one or more e rvaonrocessor orer mae smare momens,e scannn area,sance an or exa ne,ue scannnermnaon rue maeeren sece. enem maxe,muem nons-aancaece an ea nce areoar.nnosc casse m,a a neon e-xausve scanne wn a wn asance mae scanne oown a sca aacen neornocs scannn area maeere nnn orer.n some emomens,e oom aacen an non-ana.ceonr e axraema oe,ne a curreonno coene aonc a moave aere sac,annee r eermne neorsoreneranransaona oran non-ra o aon,e neors scanne ae r oom nsaonaarameers.n emora neors,nsea o saa area mae useon coocae ase on weere neors.ne scannn crera mae conona eneran ane cons rruce-o neom coorso.cae useem aroeraa n,ee socrasnnsnares a nroeae useor oerwsee scannnserorme.ernave, use rorme, oom coocaeemora neorssare area, wc meanse r- e scannns noe avaae,e scannnserorme, oerwse canae,ere mean sreovr eem sreae. verraou ruse oso aeneoaorameers are comneo consruc a new exame,e assocae neorno we.erss e crera.n one o usee same reerencecureor ace oars ooncesorrec eacon orrouo mareec coencs.en w anoeeerr ornee.: . e uxseamee s,amee asrseoccae neornoc orocsor eacrou mae cece weer esnon cerresaonu cronor moon vecors. or e era are cece,ers assocae neornocs earecnrroouu msa oear uasmee.ers.e voarue o maeene ase same oreren vauesor non-ransaona anearameers e mxaamee, usee, wrse ore nres oorrn neocs conann conannransaona anearameers m ornocs canaes maee seecrovnesn c eonusaruocnonoarmuea u.sen. one exame,e s oe new ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^,e ^ow: =# ^ = ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^o-e corner werex,,s ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^' ^^ = ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^, c ^o^, ^^n, ^^,oce..,,or aerameorernsromo one neornoc, ^^s onerou o n ^ ^^, ^^s anoerrou oarameersrom anoer euaon: nc an.oer exame,e s oe new canaes maeerveneow weree ^^ ^^,=^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^#^'^^^^,,^^^^==^^^^^^^^∗∗^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^∗∗^^^^^^^^^o-e corner o^ ones oees asasnocceaeew neeeneoo-e corner oe curren conoc ane e assocae neornoc oerou orn^ ^^, ^o^c.seore onneroonus o oearameers, suc asns euaon aree same ase exa oerarameers wa: me aove.earameers maerouen anoer nae,w,o c,ro,u e,s o arearoarme as onerou, wee ^^ ^^, ^^ areorme as anoerrou. vaue o ^^ ^^, ^^ maeremeeenrse ar aesroxme vwaoues seren neornocs.ernave,es noeenen onesanceeween a neornuc aosc, an ore a c aunrre cnonsoacn. vaues, wc ornee.: . ane consruce. can soawess. ann exam.e, oenree arreanceaseervaon meoorervn canae.ne, acc ree sesoerve an ane consruce er orno a seccroun srae,e encoer oreecoer ma ooerm sc.ann,nwo or aouacse anre ane nnoen-,a waecreen ne neoornocsor eacrou.ne case non-ransaona anearameers, we neorrrovs ceoserannsa aonnea m aonee anaramroeveress eor mae oane accornoerocessneecon o “on- . eoraseervaonrocessornenereereanae acen - an we neor mae an aacen or non-a s” as sownn . currenoc.urermore, neor mae acen neoroc oe . an oane accornoerocess as sownn e scannern s.ome emomens,e neor, wcs coene ane moe, ma meos.n soomme a emaceonm orenans, noen n-eaaceonr a,r weas,cso coown aoveroose scannn moe, mae aso scannerom a ene ane or a non-ane mae acen or non-aacen areas.or exame,e neor no arearom us oene ooreer svcannn seom ae aacenne m ore nron-aacen arease moonnormaons osons oe currenoc a e or canaes, orrom r-oom area useore coocae canae asosons avaae oran coornae osee.r.,vn or some or a -n oer - merore v oerrca oran canorazoesn.aernave, a sma ae weneermnneoson o neorn ore coornaes mae moonnormaonor consrucn a ne rorove a s verse moe maenenee,, w wc caenarearmvew eer csa e an rna enoes.onss aecccorennoee, a secc ane o a .or exames, as sownn.,e non-r coornaex,mae oanease oansaonaarameers ^^, ^^, ^^, ^^^^ mae oaneasneneon noer ooraneoanneen, anee.raunrsaeromnoare,araemeesrasnc^^e, ornee.: . aeramoeserosn ^^ o ^^, n ^^e maoru ^s^ o, ^^a.nease oneoson oe currenoc ^^, ^^ an aorzonasance an a%ver%caesasncaenceewareaemneeres c ^^u ^r^r,e ^^n maoc resecvencae neor.or exame,esancearameers ^^ an neor or orzonasance ^^ − ^^ew ^^, ^^ ma resecvencaee sance ^^ − ^^eween%e curreeennoeccuarnrenneocoran.neeccaor, ^^ ^a^n= ^^e−v^e^racna^^ = ^^ − ^^%.% %cane consrucneeoo,rmwo a o nrewr aeene cans araeerveore curren conoc, wc ereconn sroemceo enmeo..,men ors, u on-errerececeo annnonrmexaeon maeurer consruce. e same ase assocae neor s o reerencecures mae samerecons ano nocs neornocs are ceceoavee eermne reusnr reeeren mcenmucmure os.veraerneavneo,rmaeonre amcononneorm asasoons neornocsromerenrous.or exame, one ree cae reconrom one neornocse same a rencenex o one oe oer ne,ornoc, se reerencenex oe samerecon un-recon ereconrecon oe new canaeseermne as arameersromn an someee r eem sam noe r nme ereenren ans,c c ae enn s. ae nnx oe a ne mn eoxaere m mcaon e,e ar e ceorn resursuec.e comnn moe maenereromransaonaoc ansaona moearameers neornxocs, wee non-ranssae.o.,naro mmo aeacaernam oerearns m naon-eanaceerne saroa ane coeocse..,rom aacen oran non-aacen sa m ocs.ernave,e non-ransaona mo a neorn ane coe sorca coe aneocsnsea earameers maenererom ane coeocs, w o exc scanne non-aacen saa neorn saa neors.se woeesroorcceass m caoee a usneeoocser mvaeee a seaccoenn or noe- oa aacenne ornee.: . caanrameaeerss c monsrucerom non-aacen saa neorse..,e non-ransaona moe meo maae aeneeroe an aromne no mno-ae,a scuecn a ss aaane ne mereor ms.n some emomens,s ans meo mae aso aeo reuar moe, s oe an ane moe, moe,ecauseeen uc as reuar mere moe an reuar ase on a seccosone.er.,aee a cenneer mooseo cnannse uese o aoreervceo anranosca oona oc. r con ne caassee o aeravcaenon neeooroarsenerevaonosnrurcoecess,e wrecanaes enene curren veo sanars an anescrene s area ., axe orer o scannn on aacen n secons aove an aacen neornocs.ne case o non-eaaceonrs nseeroorrmeaseoeernvaonworo ocressr,e ae roosen earer secon an .,wo non-aacen neor s anoerxe orer o scannn.n oer wor s areeneurn neoraseervaon s,oroe aacen an non-aacen numer meos, cerane ooca scannnsnevaeoen a curren ooc ne ano arsso.ncsur ssca cnenrann amroocuesnsseenen oneocauern aroun eac ne oeran,e o m ceormeu maooens c aomreaex a. an , wereeransaona moonnormao oene curren area soresn asorae, asesc nrom neornocs are scannnroces renenroucon secon.ns case,e e mreaoree, reoraceerev soeaurscne ae. rocess ann roose non-aacen neoraseervaon oaneromeranceaaes,enseerava ooner scoacnesns,ne meranosa asona moonnormaon mae .owever,n oreroerve ane consr sownne. an .normaon, w,e an re uce canae aerwars,eoson accessee curren aee craenncee mnoormea.oner aereor ae,so nseeroeo,se woc ex menaee ornee.: . sor naeeoor s.onre on ae emonoamneormaonn aonoe moonnormaon o eac ane or non-ane neornno,cse, a or aonnea mnooormnanoonrm maaoncueosons o an euvaen reuar moonerverom s n suc as s ornerna su-oc e...,s reuar moon maerome n osn oe o anr a monree e coxame nees,eor anoveocrov reeere nnocne-aneax, ec. ervaonnrocess annerancea cen neorase mo seervaonrocessor ane moe mae reace rec oanene s eox rms ome enxaem exses,a neer.ansaona moon oeerve ane moe mae save wen neornocs arerevousae co, wee are reeuraarnsnaero mna moonsrevous ransaona moon oeerve ane oe.ernave,e wereeransaon moe mae s oanerome exsn , coe a ane a moonsrevous save wen neornocs arerevous oaneromn mo seome. exes exnames,ea noen,- wranesreaonea no mno-roanns oaoneae mrvoeon asner meoes save wen neornocs arerevous coe a vous non-ransaona ane moe.ernave,e reuse coe ane ne mooronn maoc nso aree savreec.n saves ca wse,ee or exsna s oerevous w no on orna su asoeoson an szenn aes uae coe ane ne ormaon oerevous n soornocs. ervaonrocess amnen oeerra enxcaemasees,eer aoveroose non-aacen neorase crean one vaonrocessor ane moe mae reace n o sro mmoere ex naemwes,earaness. erve a aon moon an non-ransaona moon oe ae ne moe mae smar oane ase meo o mone exsn ornee.: . asnescareeenrvaeo sencoens aoovoer,or anene neuarereoe ss aso neeeorervn recors.s a resu, ae a moovee, arno aosene cearnvaae meos mae smar aeo ane moe.e on ere on aoverooseervaon meos a ncesa wene musavee same reerencecurerne aex aseen curren c,one seeoce neornocs or reuar mere moe, a canaess aso cc. ransaona canaes, no onsruce,u w on meos can se ae ans. ann aso cnasae, aervaeo ano svee.ronoses aervaonon ervaon se,soerve aransaon ore cu a seecn a seccvo rrenoc, wc mae reaze euaon.n oer wors,oosroenrvxn, wns o aen cu arrenneoocc anenoowe same oeoc are use asevoosonx,n euaon, w,eeorreeer cvonrnerranossaoons s o reuarner-coeoc,e ceneroson o n osonx,n euaon.nce eoc mae use asevo canensereo eransaona serveore currenoc, ene n canaes as oer canaes. an reuar merewe c manoe,aees araecemerevease on aoveroose meosor ane ane cann onea eemsomeono,wne newn oervee ne cwan canaesa mesa maeens reeroreeren.oe nere e orer aseow: onsruceromro am aaceance saa neors nererom non-aacnen s saaaa ne nors roannssraucoenaroms noronm-aacen saae neorsors em aacen saa neors eroorars.srom aacenemora neors an ornee.: . ane cann anoaeer esmoomoewnn,e neewerve canaes maenserenoe nererom aac orer aseow: onsruceromen saa neors nererom aacen saa neors roannssraucoena no romsn- noraonmac -a aen acaec s nena saa nea neorsors emorar srom aa saa neors eros. cenemora neors an ane cann anoaeer esmoomoewnn,e nee owrer aesrveeow canaes maenserenoe nererom aacen saa neor: onsrucerom aacen saa nes ransaonasrom aacen ors nererom non-a saa neors onsrucer acen saa neors em om non-aacen saa neors eroorars.srom aacenemora neors an ane cann anoaeer esmoomoewnn,e newerve canaes maenserenoe nererom aa e orer aseow: onsrucerocen saa neors ransao m aacen saa neors em nasrom aacen saa neors nerorearrom nsorno-ma aaceancen semora neors onsrucerom non aa neors eros. -aacen saa neors an ornee.: . ane cann anoaeer esmoomoewnn,e nee owreerve canaes maenserenoe nererom aacen sar aseow: onsrucerom aacena neors ransaonasrom a saa neors emorar sro acen saa neors nerero m aacenemora neors e m non-aacen saa neors an ane cann anoro aeer esms.oomoewnn,e nee owrer aesrvee canaes maenserenoe nererom aacen saa neoow: onsrucerom aacen saa nrs ransaonasrom aaceneors ransaonasromem saa neors nererom non-aa ora neors er cen saa neors an oeoas. e reer e canaes consrucerom non-aacen saa neors ma aacenre saoa aserse orane secon e o canaes consrucerom non- reuar mere cn n an aenooerrs e.momen,e newerve canaes maenserenoe aaaesroowne orer aseow: emora omr aacen saa neors aa room aacen coocae neors nonesrrue m ce ro nmon ro n- moan n-oaace n-aance s ana ce saa nae anoers neors sor-ase rom a ane saa neors ornee.: . aerwse averae an eorreos. n one ermno omenn,eee nrone-aanaaes noe ane mere canaesoowncene o sraerae moewr:e. canuaoces- maaseensere oonecorrecon canae, avaae.n emora neors.nererom non-aac ererom aacen .onsruce en neors.onsrucerom aacen neors nro amn non-aacen neors.eros. nserenoe aoneer m emeroe cmanen,aee nson-aoacoenwn saa mere canaes mae canae, avaae.nererom a e orereow:. neors. acen neors.onsrucerom aacen neors.enererom non-aacen neors.onsrucerom non-aacennserenonro e an aos ne. er m emeroe cmanen,aee nson-aoacoenwn saae m orerere ceanoaes mae canae, avaae.nererom aacen neo w:. neors.ne se o ze rs.onsrucerom aacen rom non-aacen neorros.sem.annner zeeroroms non-aacen neors.onsruce n anoer emomen,e non-aa,cess s nou.nserenoe ane me en saa mere canaes mae c naenaores, w avaaseanc.enr smeare ee can rroamae n aasce.n noeoow nsruonrs.en oerrereeroomw: no.n-aacen onsrucerom non-a cerom aacen neors. non-ransaona neorascen.e nreoosr,s.eonsssru sce nromnereransaona annserenone an aoneer m emeroe cmanen,ae non-aacen soaua. mere canaes mae canae, avaae.nererome aascen neoowonrs.en oerrereeroomw: no.n-aacen ornee.: . n coensruocrse.romenrs canae consrucerom aacen neors.ers canaes non-aacen neoerrse.ranseraon caan ana neosn c-oransaona neors.onsrucerom non-ransaon nsruceromnereransaona an na s nomee exoarmse.s,eros,ess s nou. suc ase vaue o, or a snae w vaeureesee vuaenucee osce anoc maee aver seenexe vaue receve eecoer, or a conura naearameers ece vau e vaue ae encoerecoer, or anamca an aove oe eaec..,nv=u,a c=on accorocn, oro ane c noummenra oo avaae neors onee vaue o ane va.n one exame,e v n o meoseermnne exame, aue o maee same ase vaue o.n anoer nue an ooe mra emeomerenrome vaue o.nser en,e non-aacen saa mere canaes mae caneae,no avaea aene. mnereree canromae aascen neoowonrs.en oerrereerow:. neors w sance smaeran .ons om non-aacen onsrucerom non-a rucerom aacen neors. aacen neors wacseannc neeeorrs wans.anocnes smruaceerraonm n.nererom non- w sanceeran.eros.ns em on-aacen neors reenexe vaue suc ase omen,e vaue an mae a conurae vaue ae encoer o vrauee oec,o orer a. snn oanee ex vaaueece e encoer, or a same ase vaue o.n anoer e me,e vaue o maee . xame,e vaue o maeerenrome vaue o aseervaonn so mmee eomo wmcens c,ons ar nuecws canases ceormvenn us annee mnoerance ransaona,eacemen os new canae mae on an e oer consruce canaes. eenen oneacemen ornee.: . ane mere cann one emomen,oreren consruce canaes,e reorern oe oanesrusc mearoomo awaceen or sera asa neeow:or roannsrucerom comnn aacens saa ane neors an onssaruconeas roannssrucerroomm n coonm-anacnen n soan-aa naeceno srsa aan ane neors an e ane merne c aannoea are eomna somse.n,oreren consruce canaes,e reorern o onsruce mroam aooawe orereow: onsrucerom non-cen saa neors onsrucerom coaacen saa neors rans mnn aacen saa ane neors an roannsa sarucon onearoms a cnomnn non-aacen saa ane neors an canaes mane anaoraer o ona re co omr ms. eoree emneoreamveen asm,one reorereern oe ane mere e..,nereavn mancaeae canaesrome samne ca caeores o canaes aacenacene canaess.n some emomen,ere maeeo sreve mna ca noe o ane mere canaesacene a eores canae ne mere canaes: n , avaae neerre canaesrom aacen neors one canaesrom non-aacen neors es e ser rcu socne can e oe c oa on csoens rusr croum ece a can caacnen n aeae sersomroo nmrs on n-oan-aaceance nne neorsor asn ornee.: . cane seacecs o,r ae rrescrousses aove mae aen an canaesncun an ane seuear c manerea ceasnuaens,e ana an ane mere canaes. er snan overea seece an sneareosonse o encoee ar,nee meres ma cos eren caeores o canae orer oe aove n one or mors maeesneneren meos. ase aovenseron orere. emn aomens,e orer oe canaes ma remane same canaes aerwarse aavea reovree rrenor meran meeo mae aeo reorere non-emaease meo emaease meos or n one or suc asaera macease meos. a seccaern.e s mecorec emaeormens,e orer oe canaes mae reoreren canaes, a reuar merne c manaea aese, ann a ann a cannaesncun an ane ae cann some emomens,e r e mere canaes. ava eorernaern maeen one numer o na oenseo erxa emac caeor. ce,e reorernaern maeene aseow: nonesrruece caanna canaee, aser a sovma ro aa m aaeceance nneors ersnere canaesrom n neon-aoras e arexe numer su cen neorse.., ma erasesr coomns norunc-aec ac c as or a snae numer can eann neaesorrosme..,e se mcaone sme oar conesrnuece as canearsesro cmon nsornu-caeace cnan neaesorrsome..,e marse sme oar conesrnuece as ornee.: . mae remannnere canaesrom non-aacen neorse.., e reem aanrenxe con nsurmuceer su cc as or a snae numer canaesrom non-aacenan neaeosrsroem..,e m seacone smea or conesrnuece as cane remann consruce canaesromerse o anaesrom non-aacen neorse.., mae smar conesrnuece as m n one oerro mores e.momens,e reorernaern mae anner xeamoe w,ecn mearea mveereaeren cana eave e esromeren caeores. ^ n one caenrn maae,eene aseow: nere can avaae ers consareuscerom ca anacaenes nreom aorascen neors canerasesro cmon nsruce canaesrome secon e o consruce ers nerone-a caancen neors ers aesrom non-aacen neors canaesrom co nnosnr-uaceace canaesromerse o consruce ers consruce cann naeesors ers consruc rom aacen neors canaesrom non-aeac ceann neaesrome secon e o consruce eresrsner conesr cuancea caesromor nson-aacen neors can naesromerse o consruce ……a.e.srom non-aacen neors ornee.: . eerrss c coonnssrruuccee canaesrom aacen neors canaesrom no canaesrome secone o consruce e n-aacen neors errssn conersreuc cean canaesareosmr noomn-aacen neors canaesrom non erse o consruce eros. -aacen neors an nume vearu oe a ovaa,e c,an,a mae arexe numer suc as or a snae numer.e canaesors caeoes o one caeors smaeran oer caeores,eoson oe wouae oversosrons se ane remann avaae canaes o oer caeores wc co n one or mor.e emomens,e reorernaern mae a comne verson aern mnaseerseone a avsaea annereavn meo.n one exame,e comne nere c cao anw: nae, avaae ers consareusrom aacen neors e avaae concseruc caen canaesareosmr aomaceen se nceoors canaesrom non-a ne o consruce e remann consrucaecen c neors ers ner anaesrom aacen neors e e canaesrom non-aacen neors canrasesrom co nnosnr-uaceace cnanaesromerse o consruce … neors eresrsner coens cruancea ceasrom non-aacen neors canae naesromerse o consruce erosros.m non-aacen neors an ornee.: . accornon some exames,e aove reorern meos mae seece an ae ne ornene oacors. es oe veoramers msorcees e.xaomr exeasm,ee, reoorroewr-ne maeocs mae seecease one oerse o consruce ca ures or sces, ae canaes e con naesrom non-aacen neors maeace aer a sces,serucrse can canaeasesro om aeacresn nee oo corsn.sruceor non-ow-eacures or neors maeace aerer e canaesrom non-aacen ane rem s consruce canaesrom aacen neors, neors maanne caacne aaeers oe reemarnsn ceon osr cuocnseru cce canaesrom non-aacen mroveeorern o nean anaesrom aacen neors. canaes maasee oernveeo aro avne exroseose a cnaen meraaeeersvaon meos, one or more canaes, or a reuar mere ca e canaes, or an ane e sacae.., conurae szen ora aeasv,e weree..,e snzaem ocae c corraenseon acncors ma avaa a encoer anen snaeoecoer ause.oea no new canaessareerveor reua , wen one or more erve as ane canaes, anen cro mnveerree canoraanesaso,nae m noewo cnan vecaes arers voosone.., cener same orxeoson w ors usn a moeseorensernoe re n a conoc an assocae ane n one or more emuaor mmerenes c,a ann aaes. mae aeo one or more oe ave reorern meo suc as or consruce an some new ca anovea ceasn wace arses aerevree c aanoveareososse are uae ervaon me canae eemora cano n ans.oaeers em maomaen, aemora canaes mae creaers, were mere canaes, ane ve ca anareare szes, raenuaer e mxesree c caannaaeess.e.n.,c aenee ornee.: . oermeroera ca unsna aeovsesro coonsesruncseer an newerve canaes an saca mae aeo r on meos, an aave reorern meo suc as er eorereemora canaes.ere aave reorern, werese v caanue oaes m oaee aemxeora or c caonnaurease a vraensereoe exse canaess., ee samrea a csae sze oe ue.n one exame,e vaue o ma eemo exse canaes, weree seece canaesrom o suc as ,nn ooea w ae novs me a e areoc oca sae moan. scenaros o an an aave reorern meo comex o e useomroveeerormance oran reucee eren canne a s a eosm,ee a c em reoormerenns, m weeon as.emae macn coss useor reorern s osuncon suc ase sum o asoueerences eween uasme.es oe r aeeermencaee sa omees c ourreeneoc aner corresonn reerence sames mae oe currenoc.n caseraconma maoeo mnanoermocaaoens usee saomre meo cuorrnnormaonneroaonernrocess mae useoenera enoc, an nceeeneraerecon sa erecon sames oeemae. eweeneren canaes, nomorensa areocus re ucsoensrouc coomns,arneree moon accurac eemae sames mae reaxe usn ann con accurac o exame,ne case o aave eroaoner w smaera.or oer sorerene..,-a,- reaornerenro aanoen merere m caanea useeso, aen-eara or-a an samesore seeceemae oe currenoc.r erecon comee s eneroaone evene nearesneer sames eemae.n rnrocess mae use aserecon sames o m neroaoner w smaera mae smar use wen aemae reaucarn me mree coans uaseeso o ara anvee reor cearnea caens.aesn oer canaes suc as ornee.: . eren canna seosm,e a c eomsounmcenons, s wen aemae macn coss useor reorern currenoc aner corresonnuc re aesrenece sameesw meean saem usees. o aee cmorreae oe reerence sames maeocae aneerosons o sonn osons areocae, a rraconaosons.enraconaneroaonerroc ceesrs.anueeveo oeremceonr aeccucraocn m acacurae aceve erormn an cossoreren canaes ma cona c,e cacuae macn noseeve n noseeveerences.o reuceemac oe s oe ceoass snerecnacnec,ees caecuoraee can macaen sor conss mraoe ause removn aew o eacs, nno so emnoeu em coanmeaness, a co cuaneaeersve ma uece snass.ee w zeros ae en ns case,e canae cos mae on renervaon meos. remann zeros mae sa cacuaeorers zero, wee ese reeae zeros areaceca a ases enne o we c aonrr aersornarn caarne coase vasue, suca arrararen co ssom veau eem, suocmenas a, a zero zeros ares maace ae sea eca assn.e w an canaes. n oe corresonn reorern meno somoe re emucomens, an earermnaon meo mae aeor a n one or moere co emmoexme ans,e wecoer se. es o canaes mae en a canaess consruce,eren canaess noarcaeernvee a rneornesrerreocenss,oue sesec.e o anne c sannae or onee o e reorernrocess, wcs aeo oer c aeoeecoer, exame,ne case anaes, mae earermnae.n one canx vaae mae exc ou aern ore ane mere canaes,ene ome reorernrocess.ns case,e snae mere ruoeceossr m ana aen se coee oro ecarnercmaensa aeors a canneaoec a.eecoer se,e ornee.: . arcaenn aen roeorerer emroocesms,en, one canae or onee o canaess no ervaonrocess ane reorerrouce nssoo sreecse se acnc s cannaeaeo oresecoer,oe canaes mae se.oeae seervaonroc secce o are on aeoe secc ca ess an reorernrocess remann canaes ores o cannaaese ar oer se sereocrmce, wee ore caneeraveas,o wees sencaesae reae oeraons oerv nrocess e o canaes are se,u ne secc canae ors seccnseron orer oe secc caneaere orense sescocsoen oe. ca.,n accoaresn mao areeneuse canae conen suc ase moonnormao e se, ervaonrocess.mar,urne n maenvaueo se canae ors secce o cana reeso mraerne sroceess, ane coes csacuosaoonn o oss secc canae ors secce o canaes mae no can secc canaes. e aer reorern oer oonnormaonor canaeervaoenn m neon-oasa,cene se seaa ceae neors are scannease on aoveroose ocs or non-ane coeocse.., re nuona-ranaecren saa o nre mereor cso meaeo ane coe case o non-ane coeocs,e moonnorm cs.ne corresonn reer aon mancueransaonas annormaon manecnuceenex as ea acn croercresono.nnne r case o ane coeocs,e moon asoeosons an eerencenex a eacrecon, an or eeer s azesn oe-coee aneo ccose oocs. normaon oeseocs ma neeoe savern n ao mn-eamonre- ocnoceeeseocso,cseav meoon coe.n orero save memor usae,e non-a een a ceran area. acen saa neors mae resrceo ornee.: . saa neorsn sowoncsn ma.e,e aowe non-aacen areaor scannn non-aacen ana one or more em roesrmceeo ame area sze. non-ane s ns,e resrce area mae aeo ane or o curren , ee n . se .z,en oorn eee aoowces. non-aacen area maeene accornoe sze . or oerracona nre.., or or oerneer orracona numere..,. or e sumer o curren sze. numer oxes or szaem oes,e e a..o,we s naomn-aesa ocnene area maeene accorno axee oe curren aove oe curren oran one exe vaue oe sze. r e.., accornoe sze or numer o sames mae a nr s aom sen oaeer v eaxaumeeese,rmen sez ae encoer an carrene-sream. oro ane no e oe resrce area mae searaeene n onn-ea exaacmene n,ee aorovne noocs. oe wne curr n-aacen neornocs mae resrce sa en , or ouse oe curren u wn a mosxe numer nemeeesorxe sasv anwaero mmooenono ormaeo cnur oren aove n suca no aonaneuers exaamreo,meex ce numer on-aacen neornocs.or aw maeene as, same rows o neornneor area nu arnreoner examoes, areeae c noovne-raeacene ne exsnornneoucesr m. oe wne curren , or ouse oe curre ae resrce snae numer o samesxes aw n u wn areene or a n some exames, aaromeeounar oe curren . or eer n s sownn .-,e aowe non-aacen area aveare moenm-aorac ceons anee a neoweor nso onr- non-ane neors aovee curren ma case,e acua memor cossrooronaaacenncr aeraesaes weoneec cuurrreen w a.nnes ornee.: . maex amouvme a noonw-ae scannnsancene vercarecon.o reuceeneuer.e., aacen area ouasaece on aere caurreenone m caurreenmeo co as v,auee oe, oe aove non- n some exames,s vaue o mae conu as sownn.. moon an non rae or snaeoecoer.n casee ane ,ere ma-eaneer meno mone aroe ssoroe savne a see maoraoenunere,onre exame sownn. n one exame,eneuer useo sor euer asoows. uer area weree socaes e ane moon mancaeae n anoer exame,en seeuoenva snce s no ane. euer area wer er useo sore ane moon mancaea , snce ee socaes seoe va ane ane moons coerom mues ons or ease.’s rm- aac eme,en nae a onene ne .n o vnaueor. ane w vaue w mae seoe e mnmum vauee.. e exame,e vaue an w mae seoe scannn non-aacen s,aa o ne a nono-ranneocs.s reesnrcee aoow ae non-aacen areaor e examesn . an -,e scann me area sze, suc as ou oe aowe non-aa e non-aacen neoroson maessue asoows. cen area.ns case,eren meos mae useo soves as no va nen onoer enxaomrmea,e scannnrocess mancaeas scanneoson osono anone arnoosero enxa wmon ce,. s we scannnne aroocess maroec or c s ou-o-rane ,ere arewoos we non-aacen area.s sownn. aowae non-aacen aornesa.ese.ew.,oeoswoonsoe a sreosroece ocu oeeo r aannoee oe osons wc are ae same vercaorzona coor rwo non-aacen area, resecve.e naeu wne aowae eounar oe aowae non-araoceence areca wec nesw coossesonoe or manaeooscaoen. onn ornee.: . c seaseoee a monwemu nmon v-aaueacee.n areaeone curren s seoeas a vaue w an maenercanea se.o,e o on a none- oaneneoun,are orroecee ocereoun neawrosecaounsee causee,resr seos sm noaearencee mooeon cnoermoa oonnerooumn on one mae sore an,ns n some oer exames,e aowea nro se ore oer se. ree reons.s sownn. n-aacen saa area mancuee,e, an aove area ouse o,ee currereen reons a arne ae sacaena aoreaseo cucarre oneo- e oeo-e reon an aove reonne aowe non-a en .e ene as, wee w maeen onecure w. acen saa areas non-aacen saa areasene as w, we e w oee aowe .s sownn., e scanne nonees euaoee oe curren eone aowe saa area,eroec-aacenoson - - -s maeeneneren was.oreoe-ce neo newoson - - - newosons awasexe n-aacen area,eroecece or exame, oson aacenoeo-eoson oe curren . newosonsceu_ox- -e, cous_o -n o.oer curere anove nons-acua_cxe,n cu ar_,eroecece newosonase sameorzona coor ea,eroecece -.oree non nae,ue verca coornaeecomescu_ coornae,ue-oarzaocnena c aoreoar,naeeroeceocmeesccu_ex newosonase same verca moonnormaoenn, mncouonnnormas,o rnee ore annce anneex-,co -e.ocs saven memor,e aeranuar o mnmum an oc sze anosons mae save coeo eoc szee.., anxoc.n casee curren ane-normaocn msa a con un warer szeane mnmum aneoc,e moon n onee sa ovre monre emeren meos. aneoce..,xoc wonmeen cusr,rene mooconsnuosrm aa reonea saeve co a ea oc men mmouomn ornee.: . ansoarmaon oe currenoc.ns case,eoson an sze oe currenocerme ocrenermoec asn sue-oc.n-e m.a ne-eo aes r weeea.en e save a eac mnmum anene.mu, weree curre xameors cases sown ane mn nocerme asearenocs ae sze ox, nm a anoneero ocr moerreme em aso sum-enocs,se a m aoxoen snzeo ormaxo. mnmum aneocerme as su-oc n save a eac arearoeceos mnm n .- se moonnormaon ocsnowneo-e courmner a one eacoc m.nmncuem aenoesoonc o, e aac mnmum ane mnmum aneocs asonowne mn ne sze o eacnormaon oe cu mum sze,x,eoson an sze oe save.n exrrenocerme asearenocn .- o no nee eanmee sors cases sownne.. moono reuarransaonoraa meo moen moa oe aso. sms use,e conversonrom ane n some exames, assumee mnm e asoows. or eacx aneoc um non-aneocs ae sze ox, e comue as ,e reuarransaona moon a eacnse non-aneoc ma ree arearao oenows. ce. ass aonowusnravee m exeamoe s.oowrnns mn.mum. aasene onoce, anas moe sownne euaon,e reuarransaona e e..,norn somere moon maeerve aseow ceneron o eacxcsoocn r aes saeow snns..e e,xaumeesreroveeow arease one usn ceneronoerv senscosures nomeo n some exameraens,saoroneor eacoc. an _ = , woe-ree a su =-oc_x, –_x = ea c , _, c = _x – _x _x, = _ – _. , = _ – _, e = _x, an = ornee.: . an _ =n so_me exame.s,oreo-r su-oc, _x = _xa, an _ =n some exames,oreoom-e su-oc, _x = _xc, n so_me e . , an _ xames,oreoom-r su-oc, _x = _xac mae save a ae =rnaerevne_,ra onru aarona.,e moonnormaon o an ane-coeoc ec.nsea oe mnmum ane ao xc sez.e.,e.x.,x orraxnu oarrx, w oerrexeranuar vaues oe a an mae conurae orec ranuar ecoer. ouoss oe e ae encoeren snaeoe usrave exame.urenre arassum,esaaes ae mrannumaurm a onexe.., a = = as an a eacxoc ma on save on oc szesx,ncaes orr e se o ane moonnormaon, wcncueswo wneesxs ano rce mreasenes ornoem s mnoree aanne moe, evenoueourx su-ocs .n.,eourx su one aneoc, wcs sownne. ane -ocs,, anorm axocarea, an on one ane mooces,n wormca roenress save.owever,eourx su-ocs areromourerennormaon.ns case,eeren maoure aneere mno weass anoncueour ses o ane moonnormaon. erve an save one sne se o anenormaon man onee se oerc meor aen exa samvee.s,n o onnee o exame meu,e ae senes m oo avoananoer amanoen m ao oonn xe or conuraeosone..,eo-e mnmum a e sorae.n anoer exa neocs seeceor moon e cacuaeor mme, an averae ane moonnormaon o mue moes ma n soomeon e sxorae. aneoc mae smameceos,mrees asenee moroe sonoraneo.rmaon a a seece neorn ornee.: . awas-aramne oerne mo exaem ane, onswrooseae seece neorn aneocs n anoer exame,sorooses area savee s. awas un-rece, an on eece neorn aneocs n anoer exa onerecon o ane moons save. e a me,nsea orec savne s,srooseo savenormaneon moe.e., warame aners ceonver oereom nee coorrresonn s sucae sze s case,eo-e ma nocoes no neeoe save.n n an s neeoe saveoroveransaona moon. urer reucee moemeorr ex sazme.en,e e eaxcam savee mae comresseeore soraeo or exame,sroveo save a comounseo u vseaueenerroaecnuesoraa comresson. aroxmae reres m one exonen an manssao ocs maen a ancoen cesser e mac ee soav,e ereva aonne. mroomon exnsonrma soorna oe n oon-aranasceano anane m coooenormaon.n exam s normazeroecerse n nec s oee ass me ouesro oaes s -enown os.n on o, ea. ecr sc-anne. non-aacenoson weree scanne non-a eeneconure su-oc soraeranuar, as sownacneno.son.seooccaaeo.ns oe seze s oo su-oceens one evensrue wn a , weree so ncae ane so are moenormaon asocaon, saeres no va ane moenormaon a wee so ncaesaeres va ane normazeroneceec sescoonca e son oe. so anssu ascrcaesesn.,enormaon a eacnormaons avaae. eoece weer va ane moe oson,e w, anse seown on a no.n-a,aceen areeneeces. oneo wrmao annncueeese ornee.: . a arveaaoe.osve vaues,ncaesa va anenormaons avaae, oerwse no coornae maee soorseonnneorremna wonas.ncnu onorzona coornae an verca eac non-aacen ane mae save.n somnee e exxaammee,s,ee aosoueoson vaues o mae aeas mues oe mnmums, s son o eac ane se.., mnmum sze ucaeoson vaues mae r s or reuce mem sx orse.., mnmum szesxeore sorae mae save.no n anr so co omeesr. e exxaammees,,ee reaveososononn vaorumesa oo enac w neoren-aacen ane aoneesocaesnown.ns case,or eac non-aacen ane, eascos noonn-a reaacevne soze-esxxeos anon oes m asnsomcuame sz measex sa,ve.or exame,e maxmumnoremseaneon mnae rerese enamc rane ooson rer ne as x,, weree vauesne rane o, mae was.n one mee ss. oz,eneo srmzea moannec suorn w ane mae soreneren maxmum sze.n anoer exame,ee sz ae ancourama vaoune ms aane senamc ranes, wereeae onncues a se o ao ore a aoo uae, uoe maxmum sse sze vaues,ncun,,,, an vaues.n anoer exame s,ze.ne szes cnasoer,maons are enouo reresens w ore rrn s sze oneroaons mae a s awaswooeower o,ene so eor szenormaon soraee.., r s seore evoosnrma onseon e..,r. see ce as sownn., va anenormaons avaae, are aeoeerven usenroseoons oon,reee s wu-o acnse.e.,ee s oose assoncae. ornee.: . anenrena su.n- soomces e oxame aesss,oeree su-ocs areeo-e,o-r anoom-esx,,e szen o one esx aamnee,cae se a w aonsneo,n. ane o szee o reresene non-aacen ane ceneroson oeo-e su- eacnerna su-ocsx,e eo-r su-oc m oc maeerve asx,,e ceneroson oe su-oc m aeerve asxw-,, ane ceneroson oeoom- ransaonaresa ua se ro mwe onrv onne asx norm., aon,- sn.ceevoocaon useorervne weree orna s o eac su-ocserenromexeocaon moenormaon oe none-arvaece,ne aren mea.en oenreen exa mmeeo,seorranersvne ane moonnormaon oeree su-ocs, wc aonareuar sorae, arerec u are area avaaene exsn moon moearameers.nse an aosere examse,oreer saenescaeon naonr-eauacen aneoerve ane ree su-ocs arerec use a ar moonnormaon oe ane mae moe se s,ue sze anoson oe non-aacen orna .n one or moor me eaxcamees,ose sonzes reereuncceeerowmee onrnea su w-oc x an w - su-oc w xe- su-oce, aneosons caneeroo ornax,oxa o su-oc w m n anoer me , a o su-oce. ocs mae s accesseo,ee arvaneon moroomn enxosrmnao sno ora neon o-araancsen ane coenormaon,uwe reurenormaon an me aona moonns cases so mor sze maeurer reuce.ne exame soraeranuaren enxanms me. en- o m.. aes s emxacaree snamee a asse m.eo, wncncaesae n., on oneece onormaon,e ane oson,.s s-,ncaesaower memor soraes reureors m ore.s mae smar sore as., weree asoueeosoo.n vaeu reesu orre reaovseoonsnoonrm vaauoens ornee.: .ne.o.r,moaoen cusrr vean, muo-ee me corner mae sore.oncae weere soreoson oson mae useo reresenonvsa maoseonronosoerm.anon o.neo mre exaom, ae, seecao seece corneroson oe curren reaveoson vaue om-r asoueoson vau s are sore ore currencurescenormaon. es are sore mae useoerenae va ornvaoson ervaon.oena s.nce w,e annerena sun-ormocason ar aere noer sen seeceor ane moe eermneeo-r anoom-enerna su oren.,s unaeo eenn one acuaenon o mnm -ocs wne curren ane. ocs mae aaveece um w ane,e seecon onerna su- suc as ,e m.nnm ounme o wr more an emomens,n someraona veo coecs, en e o an ane mae consan e awea ass vaeunee o as, v anaue oe w.n ans cease, oer aen aren aerneaas su-ocs wn an ane ma , aneree su-ocs mae se our su-ocs wn eac ane e ane osonnor ece as:eo-e su-ocaccesseueo emmeae maon,emmeae r su-oc oeo-e su-oc, an no oom su-oc oeo-e su-oc.eoson oe reresene ena-asaocre an anen meoeserxv,ao.nn mcaeee sree su-ocs are seece,e remannroceure oea,eree su-ocs are marene ase meo sownn.. assocae ane mae se seece as sownn.,e w ane oe ane vaues oe mnmum w ane vaueecausee acua w n aree n exoam sorees a anoven,a mcceessoe. n an comnaons.or exame,eenes m raesrec ae aereaoorr m noono-nanacoernma neon soorae ocs mae comne w e usae o comresse ane moon rn aseanaeerv normaon. oe aoneoorne anere on rae-sornon om mzaooen,ees meon,o arnmaoenns s seneacee aoee eneccooeerr s see.asee ornee.: . raeo meoweeesne snan cos aneoena cons savneces weere n a soeo a conoc. canaesne amene exames, orasnr aovnee moer usee cananeorsm.aone no renee exsn renemens areennserenoe e ew canaes aer n some exam xsn ane oran ane mere canaes. suc ase moon manueese,..,e o avasea vaeu neum aner m oo coomnnreaonsor normaon, ee same oreren ase ex cone.., sn vaue, ma numer o ose sn moene .n one exame, a smaer ore same se o varueecs,o sunc va auses a,s,e, ex,sn, mae use.n anoer exame, aeren en seecn one or moreases,n m soe mae use. one oe canaesrome e ome exames,ease s an mae mue wasoeermxnsene a seneecon o a anooern mearea cseana.en osn,e an or moere exames,ease mae seecerom a canaeseo re reorern meo suc as s aeos re or aer an aave n one or more exames, a snease can oraes. rom a canaes.or exame mueases mae seece comnaonse.., comnaons, o wen an sonrmeaoanse maes se seececeeo, r oenen or mue ase, wcncaesa new canaese.., eac es snes aeoease anenerae one comnaon o normaon e canaes.or anoer exame, w neewn c manuaee masaeese anreera seeec anenesereno s, one or mue comnaonse.., comna ..,ase seeceo rene eac seeceas ons o normaon mae maeenerae ann e, wcncaes mue new canaes en onese orre munoeea csaenase asres s. maeeermneneren was.n one or meoercee ex,ameens,exe on eaecx o seeec seeecaese ornee.: . maosee, a maneeeerm mnoees e anvaoenoreea csuerrens c wocn arreo area seecen n one or more exames,enex oe seeceacseess. oown areene orer.or exame, canae maeeermne seuena seece aseases. an sromeennn oes are moe,sase mae se.ase s area seece e curren ane r reounnem oen resor meae rne new rorceecen ss maneserra eee an ca eon oea a eexss a ener new ca cne anareen as c.omenrnaaovnes o, anoer w smaer macn cose..,emae macn es aneo canaes seeceoenserenoe ca cos oraera macn cos mae non- canoaueonss a oneen meerran e m,ae oae ces as. n anae mere moe as anusrave exame.ers e secon anr non- canae ess area seece ane moe, meo. ose vaues an recon vasu meas aree u seseec,ee ansaesree areswoene r ceomnennsroosenormaonor eac seecease, anor comnao aons o roun o reorernrocess ns o normaonnoa. anoer mae aeor eacases a seearaoee o cromonna.ons oe reorernnorsm saeaorn,s reorernrocess ae reorerns ae wnewen comnaons ae ae,ncaes reorernson ae,ncaesa o normaonor eacase.e normaonoroases.ere reeo reroerrenrnrosce ass,eeo wn caneaores coorm eacna seonasr o reorernrocess oron reorernrocess are s ae canaes. eeceoenserenoe ane mere moe nmreo rveeresseornessasoen aasen neanaeervaon erorme e canaeervaon meo,ere are severa ses •e:eca ennc aonereeecrmoenre a as seoows: •e:se one moonnoermceao nne ooernne arnne. neorn ane asnu an sove ane a su-ocsrome seece moe oarameers ar reresson moeoervae one ane ornee.: . •neorm:aosen aon oe aea nceenoxrn su-aoaccen m ooro nnon-aacen anenerna moon su-ocs sownnure oe curr normaone aove anera reresson moeoervae ano en asenu an sove anear •e:onvereerve anee mro aenea moe oarameers nsere snoe exsn ane merameersno a se o ane s an oeane aove se an sree an,ee craennceasesas. oc moonnormaonrom ane on oroeer w aac weer su-normaons use asenuornear rer enx su-oc moon neorn ane, esson cacuaon.n aon,or eac seece neocrns an an wo ane moes maeerve: oneserverom on su-o e su-ocs, wee oer oneserveromo neorn ane meo. n a soacmeen exxam sue-s, soecvesr.a meos arerooseomrovee reresson meos maeo ursee snca annnn com annaeeornms.nna oonne o em neomoernn, ae snceannn, aen aoeveeroose meoroosen. mae use.n orero consrane rmnaon roosen. or mae useoerenae memor usae,e meos ane moonnormaon w e access o non-aacen neorn curren oreo ene seece non-aacen ane socae wne wne currenn,ee as csuorcreane mo.onnenormea seonec mea noen a-cacesasceen a ane socae an avaa, ane meoroosen. or mae aeerenranuar souon. as an aernave maeerve.s eoxraeners aovee, oo ar eance m seece neorn ane,wo ane moes su-ocs oe seec oes, one moonnormaon oenerna cacuaon.se anee n meoeo crunrren an uesen are uese ma aosrreanounaor veeo cnear reresson s acua anear moe, aenerna su-ocs e oecs suc as moe w on rounn varaons.ns ssenaoow a samenear cacuaonorerse o ane moe caesrev,aosn wroos ae smo ree aacene meoneearn reerreassncoen, ornee.: . wraeonean veeroa cnoceecsro ocreuere mseoe samre aseroecon meo usene curren maor aseervaonrocessor anenereo moseere a coanvenaese. seocroen m oem noonr-a coancsernan neor e ane mooneoreeneranceroecon mae oane e case, roosen. oowne meo su-ocs ooer see o ec sreeco nn. eeor on a anene moe as,oe moonnormaon oenerna ocs are use asenuoren n moonnormaon o aacenx su-normaon raorome aneneaerr rneare ssuso-no caccsu aanon.romsroe aoseaceon conxro sue moon seca wene memor consrane case suc as. s us -ocs. ocs mae avaae a a reuce numere.. e,enerna ane su- e ane.n one or m , onournerna su-ocs are avaaeor muc ore emomens, wene numer o avaae ane su-ocss aace snmaxer sue.-.,o acsr,eseoer ravaoo vnauero mceass meaeene s ase or eaanre numer o avaae one or more emomens, wene numer ermnae.n anoer reso rao vaue ma o avaae ane su-ocss muc ere.., a eervaonrocess maee senee as or earaenrmen nauem.ero oe avaaaee aresacoen raxo s vuau-esocs, ereene as consan vaues, orrec snaeoeecoer o ma snaeoeeco r aoo uaenex anera.eervaonornraoc e ns coensnruracoonc. ceoreore,s morove,eeo so aaoe mer a nee aoovres arroe aosseo u nsoen-or neoraseer smarermnae nvoa onr-oan ear aacen e co eecnes a ns neor aooe vresn s mr aaao aec n sem coaorrs socannn meo or ae sn. eae scanrocess mae sownn .n s,ome a enxam, wes,e cnonse merononneormmaeon rereormen ace se aerecara oe.e moe, as aacen saa neorsonso a reerenc e non-aacen oran s reerenceoc ouse oe va reerencee aroeca, wurerarroaces ssam maese ore aro sramme aess weown. ornee.: . reerence area,ne o mneo eoxnamnoer,ma aon saomnees oose reerenceoc are ouse oe va anscare, ane scann reerenceocs consereoenva reerence area,ne an mooeorn exnamner,ocesasrsa co sanmnuees. oe reerenceoc are ouse oe va n one emomoremna,ons m maooen unozremaoeren, s, anenva sames oe reerenceocnsnserenoe mere eneraone.., eer wracona mo maeaeoreaerrecon moonoc ve onoc vecors or w onneer consereoenc aonros.er emomen,e moonnormaononeos reerenceocs moonnormann o sv noamre a om enxamsc e cea usr r,re we, ne ann sc naonne n-a sca ean ncn eenn oorro acesascesn co nnenueo.rs are scanne,e neorsrevous coe asc moe orannrrs ceceor va on s moe. aemae macnreconnra e suc as,n o srome exames,e suore moonrecsonse..,-e,-e, orracona- erenorearnen sc,e orraanme-e,e o,r oarnan veo c-omeonoernse, o currarnenneorco maaeene e.., reuar comensaereconor curre on scenarosemaes, suc aseo oran noc, or comensaereconore moonrecson oe scanneseeeceem noane-sa, oacene c ourr arenacenoc s.aae nreeore,e usesave suore e currenoc.ns case,e moonrecs ors mae no cee..,aees uoe-erecson eon o-ee sraa neor mae suorerecson or rouneo one suore mo ecsonsees recsone-erecsonsees onrecsone.., rounoe-e or memor consraneuro ssue,oreerevreocuson. normaon sorae mae aso smar us srove meosor moon rocess oe eore non-aacen neoraseervaon x moe. nensonsor suoc-aseemora moon vecorrecon moe os corresonnoc,oer s emacae ssu m-oo wnrn, suec cu arsrenxoc,,e mao coovnersnoerm ceanoenr ornee.: . saemverae exnenseo cnosomcaecures useoervee moonnormaonore su-. erveor eac su-erovemens mae mas eroe vee, o mn oue ree cu mrroenon m voe.ceo arrseer.o.,o osene a msoeoonw v:ecors osonsrom eac su ese moon vecors an cener smar ase reresson-ase, m aanee ca unsea aseeernuoenear reressonrocesse.., arameers. vaon moeoerve a se onear moe converenonw oone or emreoemen,s.eervee co snever oenear mso,earameers mae erve. e new ane moe,e curre an ane moe mae .n one exame,e mo n maereaee araona ane erv on vecoror eac su- wne curren mae re- examee,,aseero on m woec ma moeo anw caoms useens,aerecon maeerorme.n anoermc or exc snano renee cu orrre cnonreoncaon usoeree. c.u, orrnen an o. cnon aro exame,e moon comensaereconase o noer ase oneerve a ne newerve moon vecore.., moon comensaerenec mooneas mea one ueserevoo cuosmneervee.., wee averae w e e m moon vecore..,ase on reres noe an.oer emomen,e encoer ma evauae weerenear o usesonernoecaerss resreerssoornmeroore curren moee.., encoereces weer aorms, an cesso renee suoc moonase on rae-soron n s annoa aenr onoaoeecoer se. aeore curren eme.o., emnecno,ereec enceos were maer eova uuseae weerro moes renee suoc moonase on rae ero moeourer eecoer se. -soron aorms, an sna an onoao ornee.: . ecsonsasen on an raoe-ers eomroomen,e encoer ma evauaee.., encoer maes e curren neeoeervne aaosrem ons we neewereer mvoeonn veeacr moroseore.e. s,u-es o moeerveromenear reressonrocess, an ane n anoer emomen,e en sna an onoaoeecoer se. ecsonsase on rae-soron aorms wcoeerer mae m evoaounae come.e.,ns eanecoerre maes ase one newerve moon vecorsrome newe con reace or comne w e moon co rvenear moes useo moon vecors, an s mensaereconase one erve n anoenra e ameocsmoenn,aeo neeecoer se. e..,e moes sav wervenear moe mae save or no n anoe or no saveore con oe suseuen conocs. moones or noeer. e.m,oe nmeewn m,oeo nnews saveerve or m nooo snav vecors mae savene suseuen con eore con oe curren enoc ares. e u msoeo ans vecorsor eac su- wne curren oe near moearameers,e aoveeronouseo meeonesaror rereessonrorecesrsesoerve a se o canaeervaon moe mae comnen ane sonase ane same meo usen s as ve.n one comnaon exame,e anoer comnaon exame,eo unseear roerresesonnearro rceesrsesnsonroc mesasnee .n a smaer numer suc as o moearameer smee.., numer o moear s maeerve or exenee.., aarer ransaon moon, nonam-reaenrssa suocna a mso mona, seerve, or moreverse moons suc as enu wen use aa moon anemora moons are use as .o srownesa ar r ceomresusonn erocessne . .e comun envronmen cannevraornm oe anaaro ccoeussne se wrver. a usee cromneurance ornee.: . ennverroancemen. ncues arocessor , a memor , an annuuu eonvronmene,r suocessor ca conros overa oeraons oe comun c c ase oeraons assocae w sa,aa acuson,aa romcmesusonrscaoo enxse,cu anensmrauerocessn.erocessor mancue one or more meos.oreover,erocceossnosroer moarm anc oure so omnee o or moe sesne aove-escrenereasconeweenerocessor re mouesaacaee roc an oer comonens.erocessor mae aenra ,s onrene, a mcrorocessor, a sne c macne, aracarocessnn oeraon oe ce. om meumonr envros conureo sore varouses oaao suore soware .xa nmen .e memor mancuereeermne oerae one commuesn o e snucvronamaenncues, vnseroucaoanssesor an acaons or meos maememene usn ane o vo ,maeaa, ec.e memor comnaone ae or non-voae memorevces, or a rasaeroramrmeoa,e sucea as- anacemoarnomccess, anemorarsaero,ra amnmecrca n emor , arorammaeea-n emor , aaeae-ena- emor ,e a manneerca mceemor, aroavse mse amnonre,r aa mceaneewce oern oecarocs. ereranerace moues, suc as aeoar, essor an uoonns. maencuneu are no a cc wee,uons, anee.e u meo, aomeuon, a sar scanuon, an a so scan w some exam.erac es ose aeorew c se can nare co scouu ssure rae.n w n s ae m ane enoco ,oe err v an reoeceocoer.nn accorance se, ma oan aura ors moon ocessor , aeecoer oc,ase on a suoc-aseemora m voecoonr vse oco arrueracon o su-ocs m oo ae. cunrr seen ornee.: .nu,nereocesusroar o, ars meoeocoer se, ma oan a se onear moearameers o su-ocso anear reressonn vroecceossr.s ann s aeura, oe cernoceerosons oeura se, ma oan aura orecons oe ssor , aeecoer near moearameer ura o su-ocsase one se o ocsase onn soem see es ox.amneaers m, ooeananrameeersurnac orecons oeura o su- arameersno aura o conroon moon vecuoerss: conversnerev sne o an aneanre m mooe ase oneura o servn aura o secon moon vec e o su-ocsase one ane moe an oann ors oeura ura o su-ocsase oneura o eura orecons oe ocs. secon moon vecors oeura o su- ane moeonr soemcoe exnam suesse,ueenroceoscsosr, or,e aueraecoer se, maurer soree econ suseuenocs. o secon moon vecorsor ura o sun- soocmse eaxseam ones,e aervnen moeencuruaes: o secon moon vecors oe an encoer,eanc n resonseo recevn aarom ervneura oa secnona moeonu vreacors o o secoenu mraoon o ve scuor-s neeoeerve, ane moe or,n resonseoeermnn ocsase one oeerve aer a aeura o secon moon vecors nee ura o secon mno eovna vueacoonrs oroceessuarsae on o a su rae-soron aorm,ervne n some exames,eroc -ocsase one ane moe. eura ore essor , aeecoer se, maurer rene ocaowor anceons o meoeu.ra o su-ocsase on arecon renemen w ocsase onn soeme exam moees,n recunnes:ne resuornaseo o recreevnco ansa oroem aunr eanco oer, sue- ornee.: . raencocnasn oaeuera o mo sue-s aocseasoer oen curerenoc m,o renneura o eermnnae moes aeore curr e or,n resonseo ase on a rae-sor enoc aer an evauaonrocess su-ocsase on aorm, renneura orecons oeura o ocsase onn s oonmeee se exa omne m es,o ar oe ma. onenaraemura orecons oeura o su- recons oeura o su eersncues: oann aura ors aura o seconrecons- oocesausrea on oe su se- oocnesara mseoe onaraemeuerrs oann moon vecors oeura o su-ocs an comnne a ors w eura o seconreconso oaneu ura orsrecons o su-ocs. ra orecons oeura ura orsn m soome exames,ervne se onear moearameersnune ocsoenear reornes vseocnorsro acnessnecuuersa:n re os coennerosons oeura o su- eancanaenear reressonrocesss aseoe recoervne c aurraenromoc an, enecrovenr, uer sae o on ceeanre mrooesoanrsam oeeresuranu on su-eocursao ors moon vecors anen resonseoeermnnaenear reressonrocessse aneaer reorresseo cnurrreoncess or, aer an evauaonrocessase on a rae-soro oc moearameersnuneur n aorm,ervne se onear osons oeu a ors moon vecors aneura o cener n sormae o su-ocsoenear reressonrocess. ocsase one se exa omnees,ar o maonenaraemeurearsnc ourees: ocoanns on aeura o su- recons oeura o su-ocsase one se on ura ors aura o seconrecons o ear moearameers oann moon vecors oeura o sue-uorcas an o sun- resoconsseasoe re ocnevne auraar oomr asn ornee.: . e renscoonesre,oeeaermnncnanaaeeurura o seconrecons neeoe moe, orn evauaonrocessase on a rae-saoro on a secoornmr,e ocaonnsn neeeourea mo oer aer an oeura o su-ocs reacneura o seconre econs orsrecon cons w eura rocessase ons n s. aom reer eexsasmonesa,see anneaer c raenresasoenerrovcaessncues: anear reresson reressonrocessase on a m on moe, or anear n some exameos,ee mroe wcs oane mone moe. e moe moe ocessor , aeecoer se, maurer oan ar ase one moe reurn a smaer numer onear moe eravmeeerasseo oneeerve, mo ree,u orrn r aeaurrenr n mumoer onear moearameersoe n some exames,e more reverse moons asnu. comnaon o ar verse moons comrse an one or an emora moon.ansaon moon, a non-ransaona moon, a saa moon, or a w some exam.es os aeorw carusran a meoor veo enconn accorance s esenscosure.n se ,erocessor , ae encoer oec, m,aase o oann a s auuroac-a osersem mooraon m voecoors o aura o su-ocs o a curren ,erocessor , ae enc n vecorrecon moe.n senuneu oer se, ma oan a se onear moearameers o su-ocsor aanea or rersre mssoonon vroecceossr.s ann s aeura o cenerosons oeura se, ma oan aura ore ,erocessor , ae encoer near moeara cons oeura o su-ocsase one se o ocsase onn smoeme seeer es ox.amneaers m, ooeananrameeersura orecons oeura o su- arameersno aura o conroon moonn vcecuoerss: conversnerev sne o an aneanre m mooee ornee.: . oas seu o-nocesuarsae o on servn aura o secon moon vecors oeura ura o su-ocsasee a onnee mourea an o o secaonnn mooen vuecraors orecons oe ocs. oeura o su- ane m n some exames,erocessor, ae encoer se, maurer soree encono sueseor encon suseuenocs, oreura o secon moon vecorsor nuenocs. ancana somee exaumraes, o seecoronce mssooro, ae encoer se, maurer sna a n some exames,erocessorn ve,c aors nee eencooeer serev,e mao aurecoer. eura orecons oeura o su-ocsa er rene ocaowor ane moe se on arecon renemen w ancanna somee exam meso,ee. s arocesesorore, a ce encoer se, maurer sna a n some exames, oan urrenoco aecoer. ocsase one s neura orecons oeura o su- recons oeurae o o snuea-r mocoseasaera omneeres senc oues: oann aura ors aura o seconr near moearameers oann mo econs oeura o su-ocsase oneura ors wone vecuorras o oe secuornare oc suo-nsooc os aann comnneura orsrecons o su-ocs. eura orecons oeura ancanna somee exnaemar rees,resesornocersoscoers, ae encoer se, maurer sna a ecoer. ss aeorecone currenoco a ocsase onn somee se exa omnees,ar o maonenaraemeurearsnc orecons oeura o su- recons oeura o su-ocsase one se ounees:ar o moanenar aameuerars o oanrns ornee.: . a mouorna vec oor sse oconerueracon os s ou-eocura o su-ocsase oneura ors o seconrecons neeoe moe ase arn an enva reusaonosnerooceesesrmasenn on aa raeura aorm, oanneura orecons oeura o s e-soron ura o seconrecons w eura orsre u-ocs reacn n some exames,erocessor , ae enccoones. aoncae aecoero oan aura o r se, maurer sna a ase one se onear m rsrecons oeura o su-ocs ura o s oearameers an aura o seconrecons oe ocs, an cuom-noecseaseura on oerusrare oconrss w moone vecuroars o o seecura o su- o oan aura oeconrecons oeura o s onrecons ura oeconrecons oeura o su- u-ocs, or oane ura o seconrecons w eura ocs reace reacne n some exames,enear rer oessornsrecons. rocessase on a reressonase ane canaeerrovcaesosnncues: a moneea,r o rre aresson reressonrocessase on a moe moe wcs o near n some exames,erocessor , aanee mone moe. e moe moease one moe encoer se, maurer oan arameersoee reurn a smaer numer onear moe ervease onerve, mo ree,u orrn r aeaurrenr n mumoreerv oersen meaor moearameersoe n some exames,e moreverse moon ons asnu. comnaon o aransaon moo s comrse an one or an emora moo n, a non-ransaona moon, a saa moon, or a aarausncunn. e ssom aer eoxcaemssores,er aensrove an aarausor veoecon.e execuae ero a memor conureo sorensrucons conureoerorm acnesso mre woer aesuesraroecessnor, u.on. execuon oensrucons,s ornee.: . aarausncune ssom aer eoxcaemssores,er aens ar movemeor an a caorausor veo encon.e execuae erocessor wereer nureo sorensrucons conureoer ocessor, uon execuon oensrucons,s n aonrm em ano mmeeno, asereussr aasoernove.. sorae meum comrsn a a non-ransor comuer-reaae execuae eroce ura ororams,or exame,ne memor , aove-escr ssor ne comun envronmen ,orerormne exeascmree, aeoveeu o m rra aeo ossrera a omn raoor mse so mer acnoee asr execueeeamecoenner e mae roecessooresecr en neco an eo cve m.en oone envronmen o receveor exame,rome veo enco omun aa sreamncun encoe veonormaono ern. asream or encoe veorames, anor r exame, veoocs reresenn execue erocessor assnocaee com oneu orn m eonrev sronnmaxen eemenso, eecr.o,r amn meae asoe meoescre aove accornoe recevesream oraa s con exame,eura ororams mae execue er ream.n anoer envronmen oerorme encon meoeocessor ne comunnormaonor exame, veoocs r scre aoveo encoe veo more snax eemens, ec.no asreaemre osrenana s vreaemo, arnam mesa, an asoore as esxocae one or rocessor ne comun envronmen oransmesreecue e or exame,oe veoecoern..ernave, am oraa sream reaae sorae meum maave so e non-ransor comuer- encoe veonor reeren asream or aaa sream comrsn anor assocae onem oar monore sorn exaxam eeme,e vnse eoc.oecnser raeresenn encoe veorames, veo encoern. usn,or exam e an encoeror exame,e aecoeror exame, e,e encon meoescre aoveor use ransor comuer-reaaee s voraeoe meecouemr mane,o.r exnameceo, an v,e aoaana.omec ncoens-s ornee.: . eemore. , a- , a manecae, ao sc, an ocaaa soraeevce or meoescrne a ano evme oomen,eresrove asreamenerae e encon n an r asreamoeecoe eecon meoescre aove. enera eemomeen e,ncoerens merovoee ascresre aamov ceom orsn encoe veonormaon ecoe eecon meoescr r encoe veonormaonoe morerocessorns aonr e emxamome,ene,roecess ae sosro aorovve. aen a ceom nonu-nransevorce c coommuresrn-re oanae oer soraee o mnee ourm m oorreero mceemssoorrs, weavn soreeren aura ororams execuae ura ororams, are conurereonereor omne oer a moovree-rocessors, uon execuon oe n an emomen,eres asorove a coescre meos.nsruconsor sorae orr muerroramroucavn enerae e encona mnsemsosone oscr aes areaomve co omr erncsone encoe veonormaon ecoe eecon meoescre aove veonormaonoe a comuerroram .n an emomen,eres asorove , execuae reourocce csosmorrsnn auera com ounro ernavmrso,nor exame,ne memor e aove-erscre meos.or exam men ,orerormn non-ranso e,e comuerroramrouc mancuee n co amn eumero-remaean,e sorae meum. one or more e comun envronmen maememene w evces s,s,s,s,s,a connroaerrso,ce msscnro-coenvrcoesers, mcsr,rorammaeoc eecronc comonens,o orocessors, or oer n an emormereonrm,nerees a aosvoe meos. comrsn sornesream on aa soraero mveeum a, w meereon oe sorsnream a comsrerasmes, ornee.: . e vnceooeno vrmeaonormaonenerae e encon meoescre aove or encoe non ano emeoecomeen,ereese acosonro mveeo a meescroeor aroave. ern reercaeevn ae encoerescre a nsmn asream o ove.n an emomen,eres asorove a meo esreeascmrooen oecoeereseneesccooesurreescarsee aove. usraon ans noneneoe exausve ormeoenerreesseennesocrosuurreoses o mocaons, varaons, an aernavem .an ornar sne ar emenaons we aarenoose o escrons an avneene oeeacnsreseneneoreon neess a sssoeccacearawns. oeresenscosures on saneen oeerwosee, anu osrraerv o ses oe meo accorn accornoeresenscosure are nomeoe ore,er an sececa sese oscree m aeoo u mae cane accornoracca conons ve, e meo accorno .n aon, aeas one oe ses o accornoracca r eresenscosure mae ause, comne oreee e exameueremens. escosure ano enaes w oereers c soseen annees acrren orero exanernces omemenaons anoes uzee unernor unnceressa ann vaerouscosureor varous w varous mocaons as are sueoearcuar use conemae.smereemoreen,asons e unersooae scoe oescosures nooe o ememenaonsscose meoe secc exames o oencue wne scoe an oea mreosencasconossu arne. oermemenaons arenene

Claims

ornee.: . : curren o. oa m cne ,nas,o e o aor v n aec soeo uer,e o aco c-un arsa, com ee or morssn ra m: moooon vecors o aura o su-ocs o a ervn, eecoer, a se onear moearanm veecerosrrencuonneura moe moons vecors an aura o cenero ors reres sons oeura o su-ocso anear e se o oonar nenoc anes r m,s an oeeareacmoeeerr,s. aura orecons oeura o su-ocsase on su-oc.saes mee ono oe s cea omn,e war meroene oaarnneura orecons oeura o converne se on ameers comrses: vecors s ear moearameersno aura o conroon moon ervn an ane moeas ne mervn aura o secone o mnooeura o s a n vecors oeura o su-ocsase one o secon oo mae on annon veecoursra oe ourreaco ons su o-eocsu.ra o su-ocsase oneura s.orne, meoe oec coaemr,urer comrses: sorn, eecoer,,ee aunrea mo oe soerconeco mono snu vseuenocs or ocs. ecorsorecon suseuen ura. o sue m-eocos oas ceam on, werenervneura o secon moon vecors oe n resonseo rec e ane moe comrses: secon moon vecors neeevnoe aearvrom an encoer,eancanaeura o ura o su-ocsase one aene, meorevn or,eura o secon moon vecors oeornee.: . aer ann ev resonseoeermnnaeura o secon moon vecors neeoeerve moon vecaouras oonerocuersasas oe s oun- a roace-ssasoero onn aeo arnme, moerev.neura o secon re.nen m,eoe oe ccoamer,,euruerra com orsres: arecon renemen w ocaowor aneecons o moee.ura o su-ocsase on su-oc.e meo o cam, weren renneura orecons oeura o ns resasoense ono ree moe comrses: aeore currenceovcn, re ananrome anur eancoe or,reecaonns ocanae moes ase on eura o su-ocs evauaonn reesrocoenssse m caoo sseee a oer o senmr, an o rnane-esaoreon moes aeore currenoc aer an ura o su-o m aoeo.rm, renneura orecons oe su-oc.saes mee ono oe cam, weren oanneura orecons oeura o near m ooaennaram aura se o onresar mreoecoanrsam oeeers coumrarse os: su-ocsase one se o ura oann aeeursra o seconrecons oeura o su-ocsase one eur cao omr onsn mo reeon v coue nrsacors o o o eruse raruera oc soun os- w su-o ocs.ecsura an o seconreconso oan eura.e o merso m oo conam vec,o wrse arnenervne se onear moearameersnun ocsoen eura o cenerosons oeura o su- rocessns r aesone esaer r ooe r rerce eess cvo unn rren arocaess ocr coo ,mm e arnr v ese nnsc:oeer, see oanenar mcaoneaarameeenrsear renreussonnorne e.: . eocsuroae onearrs moon vecors an eura o cenerosons o eura o su- aer ann ev reasuaonose r noer roee ceess srsmon ansenroces onas o aer,near reressonrocesss a eore curren oc a rae-soron aorm,ervn e se onear moe eramueraers on suu-nocseoureane oar rersre mssoononr voecceossr.s an eura o cenerosons o su-oc.sae meo o cam, weren oann eura orecons o eura o near m ooansne a onurea se o onresar mreoecoanrsam oeeers coumrarse os: su-ocsase one se o ura o oaena rsnram m aee oours nra veco ors o secoenurraec oon ssu o-oecsura o su-ocsase one n resonseo recevn aarom an encoer, an secon recons neeoe mo e, orn resonseoeeermannncaaneaurae oura secon o oreancnons neeeuroae mo e aer an evauaonrocessase on a rae-soron aorm, secon recons w oereurcaons o orsereuracon os. su-ocs reacn eura o a.neare r meeresoso on croacmess, waseer oennenear reressonrocess comrses: moe, o a reressonase ane can aeervaon ar moneea.r reressonrocessase on a mo e moe wcs oane mo n e smaer o. numane en m r o,eo neae o c r meocaomer,,eur moer coem mrosne:ase one moe reurn a oann, eecoeera,ramee meorsoeerve arer numer onear moearameersoee meroveeaassee o onnee m mooee or reurn aornee.: . verse o moaonnns a,snue.ecoer,e moe moease one moe reurn more comna.on oe m aeranosa oo cna mmoon,, w a neoren-nranes maoornea mveorseon m,o a sonas caom morsoen a,n one or an moon. or aemora o.an mne,o anor e vncoeoer e,n acoun, comrsn: a currenoc,ase on a suoc-aras ors moon vecors o aura o su-ocs o ervn, e encoer, a se oeneeamr moorae moaraomn vecorrecon moe moon vecors an aura o cenerosons oeeerusran ou snu-eoura ors reress cso anear e se o oonar nenoc anes r m,s an oeea ernacmoeeerr,s. aura orecons oeura o su-ocsase on o su-o.csea msee oon oe c seam on,e ware mreone oaaranmneerse coura orecons oeura ecors converne se onear moea mrses: v rameersno aura o conroon moon eerrvvns n a an aurane m ooe secaosne o mnooen vuercao o s ane mo rs oeura o su-ocsase one o secon o mae on annon veecoursra oe ourreaco ons su o-eocsu.ra o su-ocsase oneura s.e meo o cam soorrnn,, ee e ennccooeerr,,e, e aur unree a mro co oemr soerse co es nn:co mon suseuenocs or ocs. on vecorsor encon suseuenornee.: . s.naen m,eoe o en ccoamer, a,aurnerc caomnrses: oeerveo aecoer. aeura o secon moon vecors nee .e meo o cam,u arec reonn rne,nemene e wnco oer,caeur orwaer co or om anrrese ecs:ons o moee.ura o su-ocsase on s.naen m,eo o cam,urer comr .e encoer, aancansesa: oco aecoer e moes aeore curren o su-o.csea msee oon oe cam, weren oanneura orecons oeura oann aura se o orsnearre mcooensa orameeersur caomr oses: near moeara su-ocsase one se o ura o oanrsnm aeeursra o seconrecons oeura o su-ocsase one c moon vecors oeura o su-ocs an euraom onnreecounrsa o oerusrare oc souns- wocs.eura o seconreconso oan s.naen m,eoe o en ccoamer, a,urer comrses: econe currenoco aecoaer.ncanaenear reressonrocesss aeor o su-o.csea msee oon o cam, weren oanneura orecons oeura oann aurae se o orsnearre mcooensa orameeersur caomrses: near moea o su-ocsase one se o ura o oanrsnram m aee oours nra veco ors o secoenurraec oon ssu o-oecsu arna o su-ocsase oneornee.: . an evaun resonseoeermnnaeura o seconrecons neeoe moe aer euraaon or souce-ssoacses on r a rae-soron aorm, oanneura orecons o recons. eacnura o seconrecons weura ors s.e meo o cam,urer comrses: o su-ocnasnas aea onoen seca oe aneeacoero oan aura orsrecons oeura eura o su-ocsase onre moueraara omeerrss a mno aoura o seconrecons o ocs, an comneeura orsrecons wenu vreacors o o secoenurraec oon ssu- oan aura oeconrecons oeura o su- o econrecons oeura ocs, or oaneura o recons weura ors ore suc-onso.cs reace reacneura o secon a.neare r meeresoso on croacmess,as wee orne anenear reressonrocess comrses: moe, o reressonase ane canaeervaon ar moneea.r reressonrocessase on a moe moe wcs oane mone o.anen m,eoe o e cncaomer,,eur moer comrsn: smaer numer e moease one moe reurn a oann o,neaer m eoearameersoeerve arer numer onear monceoearr,ameee mrsooee meroease one moe reurn a ooaonnns a,snue. encoer,e m vease one moe or verse m oe moease one moe reurn more com .e meo o cam, werene moreverse moons comrse an one or an moonn.aon o aransaon moon, a non-ransaona moon, a saa moon, or aemoraorne e.: . on.e onr m aoraeraruosceosrso vrseoecon, comrsn: a ex meceumaore couee ono a e oren m oonree orro mcoersseorrocessors an conureo sorensrucons werene one or morerocessors s, oerorme meon an one o, u caonm esxe-cu.on o ensrucons, are conure nsrucon.s nao,n w-raenns exoercu coemue orn-ere oar maoere s coormaeu mereruomcessoorr ss,o cranuse comeuer-execuae comuerrocessorsoerorme meon an o cams-. one or more on.e onr m aorarausor veo encon, comrsn: a ex meceumaore ceouroceesso e onors a e oren m oone or morerocessors an conureo sorensrucons woeerreonrme oen me oer mooren arnorcee osnsroo ercse o,s uso caorsn, m esxec-uo.n o ensrucons, are conure nsrucon.s nao,n w-raenns eor comuer-reaae sorae meumor sorn comuer-execuae comuerrocessorsoxeercoureme o mnee oor monr aen com o cuaermsroce-sso.rs, causee one or more ecoe. neo mn-eraonsonr an co om cuaemr-rsea-a.e sorae meumor sorn a sreamoe e me.o nonn- anran os coram cosmu-er.-reaae sorae meumor sorn a sreameneraeorne e.: .normao.no meeoecoore receven m aeosrenam an, w oneere on caemss-ream. comrses encoe veo veono.rma moenoeneorraeransmen me aos orea cma,m wsere-n.e sream comrses encoe

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