Charged particle filter for plasma-chemical waste processing reactor

Abstract

The invention relates to devices for removing dispersed particles from gases or vapours using an electrostatic effect, and more particularly to charged particle filters disposed in a gas stream exiting a waste processing reactor. The technical result toward which the invention is directed is the creation of a charged particle filter of simple design, which makes it possible to retain charged particles in the working chamber of a waste processing reactor and to improve the operating efficiency of a waste processing reactor as a result of an increase in the density of charged particles in the working chamber. The technical result is achieved in a charged particle filter in the form of an electrically conductive screen which is permeable to a gas stream to be filtered and is provided with a system for securing the screen in a charged particle-laden gas stream to be filtered, said system being comprised of electrical insulators.

Description

[0001] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0002] CHARGED PARTICLE FILTER FOR PLASMACHEMICAL WASTE PROCESSING REACTOR

[0003] The invention relates to devices for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapors using the electrostatic effect, in particular, to filters of charged particles in a gas flow emanating from a waste processing reactor.

[0004] A device for removing charged particles from a gas flow is known according to the Russian Federation patent for invention No. 2612292 (published on March 6, 2017), comprising an electrostatic precipitator housing and a receiving bin for collecting particles removed from the gas flow. Inside the housing, along its central axis, two pairs of identical metal electrodes are fixed at the corners of a square, the center of which coincides with the central axis of the housing. An alternating voltage with a phase shift of 180 degrees relative to the two nearest electrodes is applied to each electrode, forming an alternating electric field of the quadrupole type between them, which forms a linear electrodynamic trap for capturing charged particles, from which the captured charged particles are removed into the bin under the action of gravity and / or an additional constant electric field.

[0005] The disadvantage of the technical solution is the complex design, which requires the presence of an additional source of alternating voltage, ensuring a phase shift between the voltages supplied to different electrodes, as well as precise positioning of the electrodes relative to each other, and, in addition, the solution does not provide for the possibility of preserving charged particles in the volume from which the purified gas flow comes, which is required, for example, in processes where charged particles play an active role (for example, in a plasma-chemical reactor for waste processing).

[0006] The technical result that the invention is aimed at obtaining is the creation of a charged particle filter of simple design that ensures the preservation of charged particles in the working chamber of a waste processing reactor, and an increase in the operating efficiency of the waste processing reactor by increasing the density of charged particles in its working chamber.

[0007] The technical result is achieved in a charged particle filter, which is an electrically conductive screen, permeable to the filtered gas flow, equipped with a system for fastening it in the filtered gas flow containing charged particles, made of electrical insulators.

[0008] It is preferable to make the electrically conductive screen completely blocking the filtered gas flow containing charged particles. It is preferable to make the electrically conductive screen in the form of a grid or a lattice.

[0009] It is preferable to make the electrically conductive screen from metal.

[0010] In one embodiment, the electrically conductive screen is made of metal in the form of two truncated regular pyramids with lower bases located in one plane, with upper bases located in another plane, rotated relative to each other around their common axis, wherein in the planes of the lateral faces of the truncated pyramids there are metal plates of the lateral faces connected to the metal plates of the upper and lower bases located in the planes of the upper and lower bases of the truncated pyramids so that gaps are made between the lateral edges of adjacent plates of the lateral faces.

[0011] It is preferable to rotate the truncated pyramids around a common axis at an angle at which each lateral edge of one truncated pyramid is located at the same distance from two adjacent lateral edges of the second truncated pyramid.

[0012] In one of the design options, the radii of the circles inscribed in the lower bases of the truncated pyramids are equal, while the radii of the circles inscribed in their upper bases are different.

[0013] Preferably, the places where the plates of the lateral faces of the truncated pyramids are attached to the plate of the lower base alternate.

[0014] It is preferable to make the side plate faces in the form of trapezoids.

[0015] In one embodiment, the upper edges of the plates of the lateral faces of the truncated pyramids are located on a circle concentric with the axis of the truncated pyramids.

[0016] It is preferable to connect the upper edges of the side face plates with the upper base plate through one on two circles concentric with the axis of the truncated pyramids.

[0017] In one embodiment, the upper base plate is made in the form of a rectangle shifted from the axis of the truncated pyramids towards the inlet opening of the reactor, wherein the upper base plate is made with openings and ribs directed towards the lower base, and the plate of the side face of one of the truncated pyramids located under the upper base plate is missing, and at the point of attachment to the lower base of the missing plate of the side face, a side metal plate with stiffening ribs on the surface facing the axis of the truncated pyramids is attached, connected by its second end to the free end of the upper base plate.

[0018] In one embodiment, the lower base plate is made with holes and ribs directed in the direction opposite to the upper base.

[0019] The invention is illustrated in the figures. Fig. 1 shows a vertical cross-section of a reactor with a filter of charged particles, where 1 is the working chamber of the reactor for processing waste, 2 is the inlet, 3 is the outlet, 4 are insulators, 5 is a source of charged particles, 6 is an electrically conductive screen, 7 is an exhaust air fan.

[0020] Fig. 2 shows a front view of the electrically conductive screen 6, where 8 is the metal plate of the upper base, 9 is the metal plate of the lower base, 10 are the metal plates of the side faces of the first truncated pyramid, 11 are the metal plates of the side faces of the second truncated pyramid, 12 are the gaps between the plates of the side faces, 13 are the stiffening ribs of the plates of the side faces, 14 is the side plate, 15 are the ribs of the side plate, 16 are the stiffening ribs of the metal plate of the upper base, 17 are the stiffening ribs of the metal plate of the lower base.

[0021] Fig. 3 shows a view of the electrically conducting screen 6 in a 3 / 4 angle from the left, where 18 are the holes in the metal plate of the upper base, 19 are the holes in the metal plate of the lower base, 20 are the holes in the side metal plate.

[0022] Fig. 4 shows a view of the electrically conducting screen 6 from a 3 / 4 angle on the right.

[0023] Fig. 5 shows a view of the electrically conductive screen 6 from a 3 / 4 angle from below.

[0024] Fig. 6 shows a view of the electrically conductive screen 6 from above.

[0025] The invention can be implemented in a filter of charged particles fed from a source of charged particles 5 into the working chamber 1 of a reactor for processing waste fed into it through an inlet 2, containing an electrically conductive screen 6, secured with the help of insulators 4, in the lower part of the working chamber 1 of the reactor for processing waste, above the outlet 3 with an exhaust air fan 7.In this case, the electrically conductive screen 6 can be made in the form of two truncated regular pyramids, with the lower bases located in one plane, with the upper bases located in another plane, rotated relative to each other around their common axis, wherein in each plane of the lateral faces of the truncated pyramids, or in some of them, metal plates of the lateral faces 10 of the first truncated pyramid and 11 of the second truncated pyramid are located, connected to the metal plates 8 of the upper and 9 of the lower bases located in the planes of the upper and lower bases of the first and second truncated pyramids, and gaps 12 are made between the lateral edges of the adjacent plates of the lateral faces 10 and 11. In this case, on the surfaces of the metal plates of the lateral faces 10 and 11 facing the axis of the truncated pyramids, stiffening ribs 13 are made, and on the surface of the lateral plate 14 facing the axis of the truncated pyramids, stiffening ribs 15 and openings are made 20.On the plate of the upper base 8, the ribs of the upper base 16 and the openings 18 are made, and on the plate of the lower base 9, the stiffening ribs of the lower base 17 and the openings 19 are made.

[0026] The charged particle filter operates as follows. When charged particles are fed from the charged particle source 5 into the working chamber 1 of the waste processing reactor, they collide under the action of gravity or the flow from the fan built into the charged particle source 5 with the conductive parts of the screen 6, secured with the help of insulators 4 to the walls of the reactor body 1 in the path of the flow of exhaust gas, which occurs as a result of the plasma-chemical destruction of waste, formed by the exhaust air fan 7. In this case, the charge of the charged particles colliding with it is transferred to the screen 6 upon collision and accumulates on it. When the charge accumulated by the screen 6, made of metal plates 8, 9, 10, 11, increases, they create a static electric field and begin to repel the charged particles in the direction of the working chamber 1 of the waste processing reactor.Uncharged or discharged particles upon collision with the screen, as well as exhaust gases, freely pass in the direction of the outlet opening 3 through openings 18, 19, 20 in the metal plates of the screen 8, 9, 14 and gaps 12 between the metal plates 10 and 11, and are removed using the air fan 7. Charged particles in the working chamber 1 of the reactor, colliding with each other, form corona discharge streamers, which, as is known from the source [1], generate active substances O3, O2(AlD), H2O2, OH, O(3P), NO, HNO2 and HNO3. The corona discharge is also a source of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The said active substances and UV radiation have a destructive effect on any organic and inorganic substances contained in the processed waste, leading to their destruction with the formation of harmless gaseous reaction products - water and carbon dioxide.Inorganic components of waste are destroyed by acids HNO2 and HNO3, which are formed in the reactor under the influence of corona discharge. An increase in the number of charged particles in the working chamber 1 of the reactor due to the repulsive effect on them from the screen 6 of the charged particle filter increases the probability of their collision with each other and, accordingly, increases the number of streamers, and, consequently, the amount of active substances, increasing the efficiency of waste destruction in the working chamber 1 of the reactor.

[0027] In this case, the pyramidal nature of the structure of the electrically conducting screen 6 when loading waste into the reactor facilitates their removal under the action of gravity from the surface of the screen 6 to the side, reducing the probability of overlapping by this waste of the surface of the elements 8, 9, 10, 11, 14 constituting the screen, and the openings 18, 19, 20 in the metal plates of the screen 8, 9, 14, as well as the gaps 12 between the metal plates 10 and 11. Stiffening ribs 13, 15, 16, 17 provide rigidity of the structure of the screen 6. The said openings in the metal plates and the gaps between the plates of the electrolytic ribs facilitate the removal of gaseous destruction products towards the outlet 3 from the working chamber 1 of the reactor for waste processing. That is, in the working chamber of the reactor with a charged particle filter, a higher density of charged particles is formed, and, consequently, a larger zone of active plasma-chemical reactions.

[0028] Thus, the reactor operation is improved by increasing the size of the streamer formation zone and, accordingly, the zone of active plasma-chemical reactions, due to the design of the charged particle filter.

[0029] [1]. Aristova N.A., Piskarev I.M., Ivanovsky A.V., Selemir V.D., Spirov G.M., Shlepkin S.I. Initiation of chemical reactions under the action of an electric discharge in a solid dielectric - gas - liquid system. / / Journal of Physical Chemistry. 2004. Vol. 78. No. 7. P. 1326-1331.

Claims

CLAUSES OF THE INVENTION Charged particle filter for plasma-chemical waste treatment reactor 1. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor, characterized in that it contains an electrically conductive screen, permeable to the filtered gas flow, equipped with a system for attaching it to the filtered gas flow containing charged particles, made of electrical insulators.

2. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive wound is designed to completely block the filtered gas flow holding the charged particles.

3. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive phase is made in the form of a mesh or grid.

4. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the electrically conductive wound is made of metal.

5. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to claim 4, characterized in that the electrically conductive element is made in the form of two truncated regular pyramids with lower bases located in one plane, with upper bases located in another plane, rotated relative to each other around their common axis, wherein in the planes of the lateral faces of the truncated pyramids there are metal plates of the lateral faces connected to the metal plates of the upper and lower bases located in the axes of the upper and lower bases of the truncated pyramids so that gaps are made between the upper edges of the adjacent plates of the lateral faces.

6. A charged particle filter for a reactor for plasma-chemical waste processing according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the rotation of the truncated pyramids around a common axis is performed at an angle at which each lateral edge of one truncated pyramid is located at the same distance from the adjacent lateral edges of the second truncated pyramid.

7. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the radii of the circles inserted into the lower bases of the truncated pyramids are equal, and the radii of the circles inserted into their upper bases are different.

8. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the attachment points of the side faces of the truncated pyramids to the lower base plate are alternating.

9. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the plates of the side faces of the truncated pyramids are made in the form of trapezoids.

10. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the upper edges of the plates of the side faces of the truncated pyramids are located on a circle concentric with the axis of the truncated pyramids.

11. A charged particle filter for a reactor for plasma-chemical waste processing according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the upper edges of the plates of the outer faces of the truncated pyramids are connected to the plate of the upper base by cutting one on two circles concentric with the axis of the pyramids.

12. A charged particle filter for a reactor for plasma-chemical waste processing according to claim 5, characterized in that the upper plate is made in the form of a rectangle shifted from the axis of the truncated pyramids towards the inlet of the reactor, wherein the upper plate is made with openings and ribs directed towards the lower plate, and wherein the side face of one of the truncated pyramids located under the upper base plate is missing, and at the place of fusion to the lower base of the missing plate of the side face, a side metal plate with stiffening ribs on the surface facing the axis of the truncated pyramids is connected with its second end to the free end of the upper base plate.

13. A charged particle filter for a plasma-chemical waste processing reactor according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the lower base plate is made with openings and with stiffening ribs directed into the cavity opposite the upper base.

Images