Method to prepare metal oxide or silica for electronics application using recycled spherical metal oxide or silica
By employing jet milling to de-agglomerate and classify recycled spherical metal oxide or silica, the method addresses the challenge of processing recycled materials into high-quality particles suitable for electronics, achieving a D99 value of <5 μm and supporting sustainable electronics manufacturing.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/118449
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-09-22
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-12
- Publication Date
- 2025-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Current methods struggle to recycle and process spherical metal oxide or silica from electronics waste into high-quality particles suitable for electronics applications, particularly in achieving a D99 value of <5 μm in industrial scale production.
The method involves using jet milling to de-agglomerate and classify recycled spherical metal oxide or silica, achieving a D95 value of <5 μm and a D99 value of <3 μm, making the processed particles suitable for high-end electronics applications.
This method effectively processes recycled spherical metal oxide or silica into high-quality particles with a narrow particle size distribution, enabling their direct use in electronics manufacturing, thus promoting a circular economy and reducing waste.
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Abstract
Description
Method to prepare metal oxide or silica for electronics application using recycled spherical metal oxide or silicaTechnical Field
[0001] The invention relates to further utilization of commercial recycled spherical metal oxide or silica recycled from electronics waste in electronics or other high end applications. Specifically, the invention relates to processing the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica to high end particles through de-agglomeration by jet milling equipment to control the particle size distribution so that the processed spherical metal oxide or silica could be used back in electronics or other applications.Background art
[0002] Every year, over than 400 billion chips are being made globally, and this number continues to rise with the development of the fifth generation (5G) based internet of things (IOT) application. Over 120,000 tons of spherical silica particles are being consumed in the production of these chips. Despite the multi-million commercial value of these particles, vast majority of them are disposed as wastes and ended up as landfills as recycling are very challenging technically. To reduce waste and drive circular economy for the electronics industry, it would be of great value to recycle these specialty silica. This is also in line with governments’ initiatives to reduce waste and drive carbon neutrality in different countries.
[0003] CN110203934A disclosed a method to produce the recycled spherical silica from epoxy molding compound of IC package waste. After pulverizing the waste contained 70~90wt%of spherical silica. Heating process was applied to remove the resin and all organic material. Several processes, such as washing with acid, electromagnetic separation, filtration, and drying were applied, then, high purity recycled spherical silica was obtained. TWI735357B and TWI744200B described methods to recycle silica powder from electronic waste. Such recycled silica may be used as raw materials for refractory materials, filler materials for industrial use, or ceramic materials.
[0004] It is desirable to further utilize such recycled silica and generate additional benefits for the recycled silica.
[0005] US8074907B2 described a typical method for generating fine particles using a jet mill with an integrated dynamic air classifier including a classifying wheel, a classifying wheel shaft, and a classifier housing, wherein between the classifying wheel and the classifier housing a classifier gap is formed and between the classifying wheel shaft and the classifier housing a shaft passage is formed, comminuting jet inlets are present which are charged with energy-rich superheated steam, wherein at least one of said classifier gap and shaft passage is flushed with com inlet pressure gasses of low energy content, and wherein the flushing gas is used with a pressure of not more than approximately 0.4 bar above the inner pressure of the mill. The description stated that it was possible with the method according to the invention and the appropriate devices to grind solids to a mean particle size d50 of smaller than 1.5 μm and additionally achieve a very close particle distribution. More preferably amorphous or crystalline solids with a mean particle size d50 <1.5 μm and / or a d90 value <2 μm and / or a d99 value <2 μm can thus be achieved. The patent, however, did not specifically disclose any fine particles with the above mean particle size including particles with a d99 value <10 μm prepared by the method, nor any specific preparation method thereof. In addition, a person skilled in the art will know that, the silica mentioned in the patent directs to precipitated silica or fumed silica, but not to spherical silica. It was unclear whether the method may be applied to process spherical silica and achieve a low mean particle size.
[0006] US8864056B2 disclosed a process for generating fine particles such as silica in a jet mill which operates at a pressure of a milling gas of less than or equal to 4 bar (abs) and a temperature of the mill of less than 100℃.
[0007] In some high value applications like electronics production applications, it is important that silica particles have a D99 value of <5 μm. However, no prior art discloses any specific method to prepare silica particles with D99 value <5 μm in industrial scale, regardless using the method of the above patents or any other industrial scale production methods. It remains a major challenge to produce metal oxide or silica particles with D99 value <5 μm in industrial scale.Summary of the invention
[0008] The objective of the invention is to provide a method to process a raw metal oxide or silica to obtain a processed spherical metal oxide or silica, wherein the raw metal oxide or silica is a recycled spherical metal oxide or silica, e.g. recycled from molding compounds for IC (integrated circuit) packing or silica sludge which is a waste generated from industries like semiconductor factory and solar wafer factory, and wherein such processed spherical metal oxide or silica can be directly used in electronics applications.
[0009] A further objective of the invention is to provide a method to produce metal oxide or silica particles with a D95 value <5 μm, preferably <2 μm; preferably with a D99 value <5 μm, preferably <3 μm. The method may be implemented in industrial scale production.
[0010] As used herein, the term “industrial scale production” refers to production with an output of more than 20 kg / hour.
[0011] The inventor surprisingly found that recycled spherical metal oxide or silica powder which is used as raw materials for refractory materials, filler materials for industrial use, or ceramic materials and which is recycled from electronic waste, may be further utilized and may be processed via the jet milling method of the invention to obtain a processed spherical metal oxide or silica which may be directly used in high value applications like electronics production.
[0012] According to the invention, there provides a method to process a raw metal oxide or silica, comprising the following steps:
[0013] 1) Processing the raw metal oxide or silica using jet milling, and
[0014] 2) Recovering the processed metal oxide or silica obtained from Step 1) ;
[0015] wherein the processed metal oxide or silica has a D95 of less than 5 μm, preferably less than 2 μm; preferably has a D99 of less than 5 μm, preferably less than 3 μm.
[0016] The raw metal oxide or silica has a primary particle size of less than 550 nm and larger than 80 nm.
[0017] The raw metal oxide or silica is preferably a spherical metal oxide or silica, more preferably a recycled spherical metal oxide or silica. When the raw metal oxide or silica is a recycled spherical metal oxide or silica, the method of the invention may be used to prepare spherical metal oxide or silica with comparable parameters as commercial new spherical metal oxide or silica, which is monodispersed, and has a D95 value <5 μm, preferably a D99 <5 μm.
[0018] Raw metal oxide or silica
[0019] The raw metal oxide or silica including the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica may be a spherical metal oxide or silica powder. The raw metal oxide or silica including the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica is used as the starting material for the method of the invention. The raw metal oxide or silica including the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica has very wide particle size distribution and much agglomeration, which limit the application for such silica in electronics applications.
[0020] Examples of the raw metal oxide may be selected from aluminum oxide, magnesium oxide, and zirconium oxide.
[0021] The raw silica may be selected from precipitated silica, fumed silica, or spherical metal oxide or silica.
[0022] The raw metal oxide or silica including the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica usable in the methods of the invention has the following parameter: the primary particle size of the metal oxide or silica is less than 550 nm and larger than 80 nm, preferably from 150 nm to 400 nm. The primary particle size of the metal oxide or silica is an average particle size (in nanometers) calculated from BET according to the following formula: 6000 / [ (BET surface area in m2 / g) x (density in g / cm3) ] , wherein the density of silica is 2.2 g / cm3 (the method according to G. Thiele, A Case Study in Sizing Nanoparticles, Micromeritics Analytical Services) . The raw metal oxide or silica including the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica may have a BET surface area of 5~35 m2 / g, preferably 7~20 m2 / g, determined according to DIN 9277: 2014 by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method.
[0023] The raw metal oxide or silica including the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica has a wide particle size distribution, for example has a D90 of < 10 μm or higher, for example, < 20 μm, < 30 μm, < 40 μm, < 50 μm, < 60 μm, < 70 μm, < 80 μm, < 90 μm, < 100 μm, < 150 μm, or < 200 μm. In some embodiments, the raw metal oxide or silica including the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica has a D90 of < 20 μm or < 30 μm. In addition, the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica may have a D50 of < 35 μm, for example, < 30 μm, < 25 μm, < 20 μm, < 15 μm, < 10 μm, < 9 μm, < 8 μm, < 7 μm, < 6 μm, < 5 μm, < 4 μm, < 3 μm. Furthermore, the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica may have a D10 of < 35 μm, for example, < 20 μm, < 15 μm, < 10 μm, < 9 μm, < 8 μm, < 7 μm, < 6 μm, < 5 μm, < 4 μm, < 3 μm, < 2 μm, < 1 μm, < 0.9 μm, < 0.8 μm, < 0.7 μm, < 0.6 μm, < 0.5 μm.
[0024] In some embodiments, the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica has any one or more of the following parameters:
[0025] 1. Particle size distribution: D90 < 65 μm, D50 < 35 μm, D10 < 20 μm; as measured by using LA-960V2 Laser Particle Size Analyzer described below
[0026] 2. Purity: > 99.5%, the tracing elements are controlled as Fe (iron) < 250 ppm, Na (sodium) < 30 ppm, K (potassium) < 40 ppm, Ca (calcium) < 40 ppm, Mg (magnesium) < 1500 ppm, Al (aluminum) < 4000 ppm, Cl (chloride) < 10 ppm;
[0027] 3. Crystal phase: amorphous;
[0028] 4. Specific surface area (BET method) : 5-35 m2 / g; determined according to DIN 9277: 2014 by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method,
[0029] 5. Tapped density: 300-650g / liter; wherein the tapped density is determined according to DIN ISO 787-11: 1995
[0030] 6. pH value: 5-9;
[0031] 7. Electrical conductivity: < 80 μs / cm; and
[0032] 8. Whiteness: >95%.
[0033] The recycled spherical metal oxide or silica may be recycled from for example the cutting edge waste of epoxy molding compound waste for IC packing.
[0034] The recycled spherical metal oxide or silica may be silica powder obtained from electronic waste according to conventional recycling methods, such as those disclosed in TWI735357B, TWI744200B, and CN110203934A. Such electronic waste typically comprises used spherical metal oxide or silica and resin.
[0035] Most of the spherical metal oxide or silica may be originally produced in Japanese manufacturers (e.g. TATSUMORI LTD., for example synthetic spherical silica filler EM series) . Recycled spherical metal oxide or silica may be commercially available from Transcene Corp., Taiwan (for example product type SR-0DXL) .
[0036] However, additional processing including de-agglomeration and classification (e.g. jet milling process) would be required to have better rheology behavior in the resin composition and to fit the demand to prevent coarse particles if recycled spherical metal oxide or silica would be fully utilized in high end applications.
[0037] Jet milling
[0038] The principles of jet milling include:
[0039] a. Size reduction is the result of the high velocity collisions between particles. No or less abrasion would be generated through milling process, and high purity powder could be obtained finally;
[0040] b. By the combination of milling and classifying, the efficiency of the process and the product quality can be increased.
[0041] c. Compared to wet milling, jet milling is a dry process that provides a way with relative simple and low cost to pulverize silica. Since there is no milling media such as ceramic beads introduced during the process, higher purity would be achieved. Jet milling equipment could cover the silica manufacturing from feeding of starting material, grinding, and classification. The feeding rate of raw material, flow rate of milling gas (also its pressure) and pressure of milling chamber, and classifier speed will bring the top cut performance for processed submicron spherical metal oxide or silica.
[0042] A particle that leaves the milling chamber has two forces acting in the opposite directions: the drag force by the gas flow and the centrifugal force by the rotational speed which can be adjusted.
[0043] In the invention, the jet milling is preferably conducted in one or more of the following conditions:
[0044] a) Milling pressure is more than 2 bar and less than 6.5 bar; and
[0045] b) Preferably, the solid content of inlet gas flow is more than 10 g per m3 and less than 500 g per m3, or / and the feeding rate of starting material is more than 0.5 kg per hour and < 30 kg per hour.
[0046] In some embodiments, the jet milling equipment of AFG 100 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG is used; the jet milling is preferably conducted in one or more of the following conditions:
[0047] a) Milling pressure is more than 2 bar and less than 6.5 bar, preferably from 5 bar to 6.5 bar;
[0048] b) Classifier speed is > 15000 rpm, for example above 19000 rpm; and
[0049] c) Preferably, the solid content of inlet gas flow is more than 10 g per m3 and less than 500 g per m3, preferably from 50 per m3 to 100 g per m3, or / and the feeding rate of starting material is more than 0.5 kg per hour and < 30 kg per hour, preferably more than 2 kg per hour, and < 10 kg per hour.
[0050] In some embodiments, the jet milling equipment of AFG 100 or AFG 140 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG is used.
[0051] In some embodiments, the jet milling equipment of AFG 140 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG is used; the jet milling is preferably conducted in one or more of the following conditions:
[0052] a) Milling pressure is more than 2 bar and less than 6.5 bar, preferably from 4.5 bar to 6.5 bar;
[0053] b) Classifier speed is > 6000 rpm, for example above 12000 rpm; and
[0054] c) Preferably, the solid content of inlet gas flow is more than 10 g per m3 and less than 500g per m3, preferably from 20 per m3 to 50 g per m3, or / and the feeding rate of starting material is more than 0.5 kg per hour and < 30 kg per hour, preferably more than 2 kg per hour, and < 10kg per hour.
[0055] The starting material is the raw metal oxide or silica.
[0056] In some embodiments, when the jet milling equipment of AFG 100 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG is used, the jet milling is conducted under a flow rate of milling gas of 30-40 m3 per hour.
[0057] In some embodiments, when the jet milling equipment of AFG 140 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG is used, the jet milling is conducted under a flow rate of milling gas of 65-110 m3 per hour.
[0058] In some embodiments, the jet milling is conducted under ambient temperature.
[0059] In some embodiments, the pressure of milling chamber or milling chamber pressure is in the range of -15 to 30 mbar. The pressure in the milling chamber is, negative or slight vacuum, to avoid any dust coming out. In some embodiments, the milling chamber pressure is positive. In some embodiments, the parameter related pressure difference of the collecting filter after the milling chamber is monitored.
[0060] In one embodiment, the solid content of inlet gas flow is 60 g per m3.
[0061] If a different jet milling equipment is used, a person skilled in the art can readily adjust the parameters to achieve a jet milling condition that is the same or equivalent to the above stated condition after considering the particle properties and process effects.
[0062] As used herein, “milling pressure” refers to the pressure of milling gas at the milling gas inlet of the jet mill, before the milling gas is injected into the milling chamber of the jet mill.
[0063] The milling gas may be those conventional in the art, such as nitrogen gas (N2) , air, steam gas, etc. In some embodiments, the milling gas is nitrogen gas.
[0064] In the inventive method, the applicable classifier speed may have a lower limit of 5500 rpm, or higher, for example, 6000rpm, 7000rpm, 8000rpm, 9000rpm, 10000rpm, 11000rpm, 12000rpm, 13000rpm, 14000rpm, 15000rpm, 16000 rpm, or 17000 rpm. The classifier speed may have an upper limit or maximum classifier speed of 17100 rpm, or higher, for example, 17500 rpm, 18000 rpm, 19000 rpm, or 20000 rpm. In some embodiments, the classifier speed is from 15000 rpm to 20000 rpm. In some embodiments, the classifier speed is from 6000 rpm to 17100 rpm.
[0065] For top-cut control of recycled submicron spherical silica or metal oxide, the velocity of classifier for air jet milling is preferably 50~160 m / s, more preferably 100-120 m / s.
[0066] Preferably, the jet inlets or nozzles are evenly distributed over the circumference of the milling chamber. In the case of three jet inlets the spacing would thus amount to 120° each.
[0067] The other parameters of the jet milling may be conventional.
[0068] The jet milling may use conventional or commercial jet mill. The jet mill comprises a classifier. The jet mill preferably has a dynamic air classifier, such as those described in US8074907B2. Examples of such jet milling equipment or jet mill include AFG 100 or AFG 200 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG, and CGS Fluidized Bed Jet Mill from NETZSCH Trockenmahltechnik GmbH (Hanau, Germany) .
[0069] The jet milling may achieve a remarkable deagglomeration effect. The jet milling processes the recycled spherical submicron silica to achieve an ideal cut point level of coarse silica. In other words, the jet milling accurately remove the coarse particles of the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica to obtain the processed spherical metal oxide or silica, which meets the needs of transparent, thin, short, and fine applications like film, paste and adhesives.
[0070] After the step of jet milling, the processed metal oxide or silica can be obtained.
[0071] Processed metal oxide or silica
[0072] The method may achieve processed metal oxide or silica that is monodispersed; and has a narrow particle size distribution, i.e., a D95 value of <5 μm, preferably <2 μm; preferably a D99 value of <5 μm, preferably <3 μm.
[0073] The processed metal oxide or silica is preferably a monodispersed metal oxide or silica, especially a monodispersed spherical metal oxide or silica.
[0074] The processed metal oxide or silica preferably has a D95 of less than 5 μm, preferably less than 2 μm;preferably has a D99 value of <5 μm, preferably <3 μm.
[0075] In some embodiments, the processed metal oxide or silica is a monodispersed spherical metal oxide or silica with a D95 of less than 5 μm, preferably less than 2 μm; preferably has a D99 value of <5 μm, preferably <3 μm.
[0076] The processed metal oxide or silica has a narrow particle size distribution, for example has a D90 of < 1 μm or lower, for example, < 0.9 μm, < 0.85 μm, < 0.8 μm, < 0.7 μm. In some embodiments, the processed metal oxide or silica has a D90 of < 0.9 μm or < 0.8 μm. In some embodiments, the processed metal oxide or silica has a D50 of < 0.5 μm, < 0.45 μm or < 0.4 μm.
[0077] The D95 value and the D99 value in the invention is measured by using LA-960V2 Laser Particle Size Analyzer, from HORIBA FuelCon GmbH, Germany, according to the protocol as follows,
[0078] 1. Take 2g sample into a 150 mL beaker,
[0079] 2. Add 100mL pure water into the beaker and stir with a spatula,
[0080] 3. Disperse treatment by using ultrasonic processor for 5 minutes (400W, Duty cycle: 40%, Output: 40%) , and
[0081] 4. Measurment in the laser particle size analyzer, with refractory indexes for water and SiO2, or
[0082] 1. Disperse 0.1g sample in 10ml water and treat for 2 minutes in an ultrasonic bath of 160 W; and
[0083] 2. Measure the particle size distribution in the laser particle size analyzer, with refractory indexes for water and SiO2.
[0084] The processed spherical metal oxide or silica can be directly used in various applications, especially high value applications (including fillers in semiconductor industry) such as electronics manufacturing, functional additives for copper clad laminate (CCL) in printing circuit boards, functional additives for film, paste, and adhesive.
[0085] Therefore, the inventive method achieves industrial scale preparation of spherical metal oxide or silica with a D99 <5 μm. The invention also provides a novel and surprising utilization of commercial recycled spherical metal oxide or silica which has a large D99 thus cannot be used in high end applications like fillers in semiconductor industry, by processing the recycled spherical metal oxide or silica into a processed spherical metal oxide or silica which could be used back in electronics or other high end applications. Such utilization is eco-friendly and creates extra high economic value.
[0086] Other advantages of the present invention would be apparent for a person skilled in the art upon reading the specification.Brief Description of Drawings
[0087] Figure 1 shows a SEM image of recycled submicron spherical silica before jet milling process of Example 1;
[0088] Figure 2 shows a SEM image of recycled submicron spherical silica after jet milling process of Example 1;
[0089] Figure 3 shows a TEM image of recycled submicron spherical silica after jet milling process of Example 1;
[0090] Figure 4 shows a comparison of particle size distribution of recycled submicron spherical silica before and after jet milling process of Example 1; and
[0091] Figure 5 shows the particle size distribution of recycled submicron spherical silica after air jet milling processes of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.Detailed description of the invention
[0092] The invention is now described in detail by the following examples. The scope of the invention should not be limited to the embodiments of the examples.
[0093] In Example 1 of this invention, particle size distribution (including D10, D50, D90, D95, D99) was determined according to the protocol as follows,
[0094] 0.1 g sample was dispersed in 10 ml water first and treated 2 minutes in an ultrasonic bath of 160 W; then the laser diffraction particle size analyzer, type: LA-960V2, HORIBA (from HORIBA FuelCon GmbH, Germany) was used to measure the particle size distribution, with refractory indexes for water and SiO2.
[0095] In other examples of this invention, particle size distribution (including D10, D50, D90, D95) was determined according to the protocol as follows,
[0096] 1. Take 2g sample into a 150mL beaker
[0097] 2. Add 100mL pure water into the beaker and stir with a spatula,
[0098] 3. Disperse treatment by using ultrasonic processor for 5 minutes (400W, Duty cycle: 40%, Output: 40%) , and
[0099] 4. Measurment in a laser particle size analyzer, type: LA-960V2, HORIBA (from HORIBA FuelCon GmbH, Germany) , with refractory indexes for water and SiO2.
[0100] Example 1
[0101] A method of processing the recycled spherical silica by jet milling technology was implemented as follows,
[0102] A jet milling equipment, AFG 100 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG, was used to process commercial recycled submicron spherical silica, type SR-0DXL, commercially available from Transcene Corp.
[0103] The recycled spherical silica had the following parameters:
[0104] 1. Particle size distribution: D90 < 65 μm, D50 < 35 μm, D10 < 20 μm;
[0105] 2. Purity: > 99.5%, the tracing elements should be controlled as Fe (iron) < 250 ppm, Na (sodium) < 30 ppm, K (potassium) < 40 ppm, Ca (calcium) < 40 ppm, Mg (magnesium) < 1500 ppm, Al (aluminum) < 4000 ppm, Cl (chloride) < 10 ppm;
[0106] 3. Crystal phase: amorphous;
[0107] 4. Specific surface area: 5-35 m2 / g;
[0108] 5. Tapped density: 300-650 g / liter;
[0109] 6. pH value: 5-9;
[0110] 7. Electrical conductivity: < 80 μs / cm; and
[0111] 8. Whiteness: >95%.
[0112] The condition of the jet milling equipment AFG 100 was set as follows,
[0113] 1. the feeding rate of starting recycled silica was 2kg per hour;
[0114] 2. the milling gas (nitrogen gas, N2) flow rate was 35m3 per hour;
[0115] 3. the N2 inlet temperature was ambient temperature and the N2 inlet had a pressure of 6 bar; the milling chamber pressure was in the range of -15 to -30 mbar;
[0116] 4. the 3 milling nozzles were spaced apart by 120°; and
[0117] 5. the classifier speed was 20,000 revolutions per minute.
[0118] Thus, very sharp upper cut size with D95 value or D99 value of <5 μm was obtained from the jet milling equipment.
[0119] The process parameters of jet milling for processing recycled silica was summarized in Table I-1.
[0120] Table I-1. Process parameters of jet milling for recycled submicron spherical silica
[0121] Velocity of the classifier (meter per second; m / s) : 52
[0122] Example 2
[0123] The recycled spherical silica of Example 1 was processed by a jet milling method as follows,
[0124] A jet milling equipment, AFG 140 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG, was used to process commercial recycled submicron spherical silica, type SR-0DXL, commercially available from Transcene Corp.
[0125] The condition of the jet milling equipment AFG 140 was set as follows,
[0126] 1. the feeding rate of starting recycled silica was 2kg per hour;
[0127] 2. the milling gas (high pressure air) flow rate was 75m3 per hour;
[0128] 3. the high pressure air inlet temperature was ambient temperature and the air inlet had a pressure of 5.6 bar; the milling chamber pressure was in the range of -10 to +30 mbar;
[0129] 4. the 3 milling nozzles were spaced apart by 120°; and
[0130] 5. the classifier speed was less than 17, 100 revolutions per minute.
[0131] In Example 2, the jet milling method was implemented at classifier speeds from 6000 rpm to 17100 rpm. The process parameters of jet milling for processing recycled silica was summarized in Table I-2.
[0132] Table I-2: Process parameters of jet milling for recycled submicron spherical silica
[0133] Velocity of classifier (meter per second) : 36m / sfor 4000rpm; 53m / sfor 6000rpm; 73m / sfor 8250rpm; 113m / sfor 12650rpm; 152m / sfor 17100rpm (classifier diameter of AFG 140: 170mm) .
[0134] Very sharp upper cut size with D95 value value of <5 μm was obtained from the jet milling equipment.
[0135] Comparative Example 1
[0136] The jet milling technology was used to process commercial fumed silica, 50, from Evonik Industries AG. The fumed silica has a relative larger agglomerate size distribution and a lower tapped density. It is not a spherical silica.
[0137] The fumed silica 50 had the following parameters:
[0138] 1. Particle size distribution: D10: 0.6 μm, D50: 24.4 μm, D95: 59.0 μm;
[0139] 2. Specific surface area (BET) : 35-65 m2 / g;
[0140] 3. pH value (in 4%dispersion) : 4.3-5.0;
[0141] 4. Tamped density: approx. 50 g / liter.
[0142] The jet milling equipment and condition of Example 1 was tried but the fumed silica either could not be processed at all or the D95 could not be reduced to even less than 15 μm.
[0143] The jet milling equipment and conditions of Example 2 was tried but the fumed silica either could not be processed at all or the D95 could not be reduced to even less than 15 μm.
[0144] Comparative Example 2
[0145] The recycled spherical silica of Example 2 was processed by the same jet milling method of Example 2, except that the classifier speed was reduced to 4000 rpm. The velocity of classifier was 36m / sfor 4000rpm.
[0146] The process results of Example 1 were showed in Table II-1. Table II-1 showed that a remarkable deagglomeration effect was achieved in the method. Due to the combination of high velocity milling and an integrated classifier in the milling chamber, the D99 was reduced significantly through the jet milling process. The D99 of recycled submicron spherical silica has to be controlled for electronics applications. According to the SEM and TEM imaging (Figures 1~3) , the spherical particles still kept the spherical shape after jet milling. There were no irregular or broken particles after jet milling.
[0147] Table II-1. Physical powder properties of recycled submicron spherical silica before and after jet milling by AFG 100
[0148] Span ( (D90, D95, D97 or D99-D10) / D50) can be used to define the particle size distribution widths and particle agglomeration. If the value would be close to 1, it means an ideal mono-dispersed and narrow particle size distribution is obtained without serious agglomeration. As shown in Table II, before jet milling, the spherical silica had a large span. After jet milling, the span was greatly deduced and was close to 1.
[0149] At the top cut for commercial requirement, four different grades, less than 45 μm, 25 μm, 5 μm and 3 μm of D99 were identified. Less than 5 μm of D99 has been required in the most of advanced electronics application. Based on the process conditions in Example 1, D99 of 4.60 μm with narrower particle size distribution was obtained after jet milling process (see Table II-1) . The processed silica achieved a D50 of 470 nm and specific surface area of 18 m2 / g and met the demand of high end CCL on particle size distribution.
[0150] The process results of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2 were showed in Table II-2. Table II-2 showed that a remarkable deagglomeration effect was achieved in the method of Example 2. The D95 was reduced significantly through the jet milling process to less than 1.5 um. By contrast, due to low classifier speed, the method of Comparative Example 2 could not achieve a D95 of less than 5 μm.
[0151] Table II-2. Physical powder properties of recycled submicron spherical silica after jet milling by AFG 140
[0152] Through the jet milling method using AFG 140 (Table II-2) on submicron recycled silica with agglomeration, a narrow particle size distribution and a clear trend of reduction of particle size (D95) were obtained. With the increase of classifier speed, specific surface area was increased, while tapped density and particle size was decreased.
[0153] To show the impact of top cut of recycled submicron spherical silica on CCL application, a dispersibility evaluation was conducted as follows:
[0154] 1. All dispersion work was done under a fume hood;
[0155] 2. For preparation of a methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) dispersion, recycled submicron spherical silica powder before and after jet milling process according to Example 1, was added to a fixed amount of MEK. The solids content of the dispersion was adjusted to 30 wt. %;
[0156] 3. A commercial ultrasonic equipment was used for dispersion. The dispersing head was immersed 1.5 cm in the dispersion, and vibrated for 30 minutes with full power. The dispersion was filled into sample bottles and released for measurement. A rheometer (Anton Paar, Physica MCR 301) according to ISO 3219: 2021 was used to measure the viscosity. The measurement was performed at room temperature.
[0157] The advantage of jet milling process was clearly showed in Table III. A relative lower viscosity in MEK system with 30 wt. %solid content of recycled submicron spherical silica after jet milling process, 46.2 mPas and 8.8 mPas were achieved based on the different rotated time of spindle.
[0158] Table III. Dispersibility of recycled submicron spherical silica in MEK before and after jet milling
[0159] A lower viscosity in MEK solvent may indicate that high spheroidization rate of submicron recycled spherical silica still showed in the recycled submicron spherical silica powder sample after jet milling. When distribution of these spherical particles became more mono-dispersed, higher viscosity and poor dispersibility of slurry caused by particles agglomeration may be eliminated. High loading with nearly close packing with recycled inorganic metal oxides and silica as a functional additive in IC chip process could be achieved.
[0160] As used herein, terms such as “comprise (s) ” and the like as used herein are open terms meaning 'including at least' unless otherwise specifically noted.
[0161] All references, tests, standards, documents, publications, etc. mentioned herein are incorporated herein by reference. Where a numerical limit or range is stated, the endpoints are included. Also, all values and subranges within a numerical limit or range are specifically included as if explicitly written out.
[0162] The above description is presented to enable a person skilled in the art to make and use the invention, and is provided in the context of a particular application and its requirements. Various modifications to the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments and applications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, this invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and features disclosed herein. In this regard, certain embodiments within the invention may not show every benefit of the invention, considered broadly.
Claims
1.A method to process a raw metal oxide or silica, comprising the following steps:1) Processing the raw metal oxide or silica using jet milling, and2) Recovering the processed metal oxide or silica obtained from Step 1) ;wherein the processed metal oxide or silica has a D95 of less than 5 μm, preferably less than 2 μm; preferably has a D99 of less than 5 μm, preferably less than 3 μm.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the raw metal oxide or silica has a primary particle size of less than 550 nm and larger than 80 nm, preferably from 150 nm to 400 nm.3.The method of claim 1, wherein the raw metal oxide or silica is a spherical metal oxide or silica.4.The method of claim 1, wherein the raw metal oxide or silica is a recycled spherical metal oxide or silica.5.The method of claim 1, wherein the raw metal oxide or silica has a D90 of < 10 μm, or < 20 μm, or < 30 μm, or higher.6.The method of claim 1, wherein the raw metal oxide or silica has a BET surface area of 5~35 m2 / g, preferably 7~20 m2 / g, determined according to DIN 9277: 2014 by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method.7.The method of claim 1, wherein the jet milling is conducted in one or more of the following conditions:a) Milling pressure is more than 2 bar and less than 6.5 bar, preferably from 4.5 bar to 6.5 bar;b) Classifier speed is > 12000 rpm; andc) Preferably, the solid content of inlet gas flow is more than 10 g per m3 and less than 500g per m3, or / and the feeding rate of starting material is more than 0.5 kg per hour and < 30 kg per hour, preferably more than 2 kg per hour, and < 10kg per hour.8.The method of claim 1, wherein the velocity of the classifier is 50~150 m / s, more preferably 100-120 m / s.9.The method of claim 1, wherein the pressure of milling chamber or milling chamber pressure is in the range of -15 to 30 mbar.10.The method of claim 1, wherein the jet milling equipment of AFG 100 or AFG 140 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG is used.11.The method of claim 1, wherein when the jet milling equipment of AFG 100 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG is used, the jet milling is conducted under a flow rate of milling gas of 30-40 m3 per hour; when the jet milling equipment of AFG 140 Aeroplex fluidized-bed opposed-jet mill from Hosokawa Alpine AG is used, the jet milling is conducted under a flow rate of milling gas of 65-110 m3 per hour.12.The method of claim 1, wherein the processed metal oxide or silica is a monodispersed metal oxide or silica.13.The method of claim 1, wherein the processed metal oxide or silica is a monodispersed spherical metal oxide or silica with a D95 of less than 5 μm, preferably less than 2 μm; preferably has a D99 of less than 5 μm, preferably less than 3 μm.
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