Compressed-gas storage container and vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a compressed-gas storage container (7) for storing a gas (H2), in particular hydrogen, in a pressurized manner, comprising a wall (9) which encloses a receiving region (10) for receiving the gas (H2) and a pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) for discharging the gas (H2) out of the receiving region (10). The pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) has a pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) which is designed to trigger the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) in order to discharge the gas (H2) out of the receiving region (10), and the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) has a differentiating unit (29, 58) which is designed to differentiate between a fire event acting on the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) and an impact event acting on the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) such that the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) triggers the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) solely in the event of a fire.

Description

[0001] RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 1 COMPRESSED GAS STORAGE TANK AND VEHICLE The present invention relates to a compressed gas storage tank for the pressurized storage of a gas and to a vehicle with such a compressed gas storage tank. For storage and transport of hydrogen, this can be stored either in gaseous form in a compressed gas storage tank under several hundred bar overpressure or in liquid form at cryogenic temperatures. For use in or on vehicles, in particular in or on passenger cars, it is advantageous for space reasons to store the hydrogen in gaseous form in a compressed gas storage tank as mentioned above. According to legal regulations, it is necessary that in the event of extreme heat, for example in the event of a vehicle fire, the hydrogen can be vented from the compressed gas storage tank in a controlled manner, so that bursting of the compressed gas storage tank is reliably prevented.According to internal company findings, so-called pressure release devices (PRDs or Thermally Activated Pressure Release Devices, TPRDs) can be used for this purpose. These are thermally triggered in the event of a fire and release the hydrogen in a controlled manner. Due to legal requirements, such a pressure release device may only be triggered mechanically or using an analog circuit. Triggering using software, for example, via a vehicle control unit, is not permitted for safety reasons. The pressure release device can only be triggered if heat, for example, due to a vehicle fire, is introduced directly into the pressure release device. Therefore, essentially only local heat or fire detection is possible. This needs to be improved.RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 2 Against this background, one object of the present invention is to provide an improved compressed gas storage container. 5 Accordingly, a compressed gas storage container for the pressurized storage of a gas, in particular hydrogen, is proposed.The compressed gas storage container comprises a wall which encloses a receiving area for receiving the gas, and a pressure relief device for blowing off the gas from the receiving area, wherein the pressure relief device has a pyroelectric sensor fiber which is designed to trigger the pressure relief device in order to blow off the gas from the receiving area, and wherein the pressure relief device has a differentiation unit which is designed to differentiate between a fire event acting on the pyroelectric fiber and an impact event acting on the pyroelectric sensor fiber in such a way that the pyroelectric sensor fiber triggers the pressure relief device exclusively in the event of the fire event.Because the pyroelectric sensor fiber triggers the pressure relief device 20, the pressure relief device can be triggered without an external energy source, thus releasing the gas from the receiving area. This is particularly advantageous with regard to meeting legal requirements in the event of a fire. Because the pressure relief device has the differentiation unit, it can be reliably prevented that the pressure relief device is triggered in the event of an impact event acting on the wall and thus indirectly on the sensor fiber. This reliably prevents unwanted release of the gas in the event of an impact event. 910. 2 / 2 1 / 30– MN A-GL A RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 3 The compressed gas storage vessel can also be referred to as a compressed gas storage tank, hydrogen compressed gas storage vessel, hydrogen compressed gas storage tank, hydrogen storage vessel, or the like. In particular, the compressed gas storage vessel is suitable for storing and / or transporting hydrogen. However, any other gases can also be stored in the compressed gas storage vessel. In the following, it is assumed that the gas is hydrogen. The terms "gas" and "hydrogen" can therefore be interchanged as desired. The term "compressed gas storage vessel" here means that the gas can be stored in its gaseous state under pressure in the compressed gas storage vessel. For example, the gas within the compressed gas storage vessel can be pressurized to a pressure of 800 to 1,000 bar.In particular, liquefaction of the gas is not provided in the present case. The gas can be introduced or injected into the receiving area in gaseous form. The compressed gas storage container is preferably part of a vehicle. The vehicle can have several such compressed gas storage containers. The compressed gas storage container can be suitable for making the gas available to a consumer, in particular a fuel cell, of the vehicle at a suitable supply pressure and a suitable supply temperature. The compressed gas storage container can be part of a gas supply system or hydrogen supply system of the consumer. However, the compressed gas storage container can also be used in immobile applications, for example in building technology. In particular, the compressed gas storage container can be used in the field of building heating or for combined heat and power plants.The wall preferably comprises a load-bearing casing, which is made at least in sections from a fiber-reinforced plastic. The casing encloses an optional lining. The lining is arranged within the casing. The casing thus preferably completely encapsulates the lining. The lining is preferably gas-tight. The lining can also be referred to as a liner. The lining can comprise a plastic material, a metallic material and / or a fiber-reinforced plastic. The compressed gas storage vessel and thus also the wall are preferably cylindrical. The compressed gas storage vessel or the wall is assigned a symmetry or central axis to which the compressed gas storage vessel or the wall can be constructed rotationally symmetrically.The wall preferably comprises a hollow cylindrical or tubular base section, which is closed on both sides by lid-shaped or dome-shaped wall end sections. The casing and the lining are provided both in the area of ​​the base section and in the area of ​​the wall end sections. The fact that the wall "encloses" or "delimits" the receiving area means, in this case, in particular that the wall defines a geometry or boundaries of the receiving area. The gas is thus contained within the wall in the receiving area. The receiving area is, in particular, a cavity enclosed by the wall. The receiving area has, in particular, a cylindrical geometry. The receiving area is sealed gas-tight from the surroundings of the compressed gas storage container by means of the wall. The receiving area can be designed rotationally symmetrically to the central axis.The pressure relief device preferably has a pressure relief unit. The pressure relief unit is a component of the pressure relief device. This means, in particular, that in addition to the pressure relief unit, the pressure relief device can have further components, such as the pyroelectric RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 5 sensor fiber. The pressure relief unit is, in particular, a so-called pressure release device (PRD) or thermally activated pressure release device (TPRD). The pressure relief unit preferably comprises a valve and a pyrotechnic charge for triggering or opening the valve.The fact that the pressure relief device is designed to "blow off" the gas from the receiving area is to be understood in particular to mean that with the help of the pressure relief device, in particular with the help of the pressure relief unit, the gas can be completely released from the receiving area within a very short period of time, for example within a few milliseconds to a few seconds. This reliably prevents an undesirable pressure increase within the compressed gas storage container in the event of a fire, which could lead to the compressed gas storage container exploding. With the help of the pyroelectric sensor fiber, the fire detection can be at least partially spatially decoupled from the pressure relief device or the pressure relief unit. In this case, the pyroelectric sensor fiber functions in particular as both a sensor and an energy source.With the help of the pyroelectric sensor fiber, complete monitoring of the entire outer surface of the wall is possible. For this purpose, the pyroelectric sensor fiber is arranged on the outer surface or embedded in the sheathing of the wall. The pressure relief unit, together with the pyroelectric sensor fiber, forms the pressure relief device. However, this does not preclude the pressure relief device from having additional components. The pyroelectric sensor fiber is, in particular, deformable or bendable and can therefore be wound onto the wall in a helical or spiral shape. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 6 The pyroelectric sensor fiber comprises a pyroelectric material. The pyroelectric material can be a piezoelectric semiconductor crystal.A temperature change of the pyroelectric material leads to a measurable change in the electrical voltage between a first electrode and a second electrode of the pyroelectric sensor fiber. Thus, the pyroelectric sensor fiber provides electrical energy. This electrical energy can be used to trigger the pressure relief device. "Triggering" the pressure relief device or pressure relief unit is understood here to mean, in particular, that the pyrotechnic charge of the pressure relief unit is ignited, so that the valve of the pressure relief unit opens to release the gas into the environment. Since the pyroelectric material is preferably a piezoelectric semiconductor crystal, the pyroelectric material also exhibits piezoelectric properties.In this context, "piezoelectricity" refers to the change in electrical polarization and thus the occurrence of an electrical voltage in solid bodies when they are elastically deformed. The pyroelectric sensor fiber can therefore also be referred to as a pyroelectric and piezoelectric sensor fiber. This means, in particular, that a deformation of the pyroelectric material, for example, caused by an impact event on the pyroelectric sensor fiber as mentioned above, can lead to a measurable change in the electrical voltage between the two electrodes of the pyroelectric sensor fiber. Such an impact event can, for example, affect the pyroelectric sensor fiber in a vehicle accident. However, it must be ruled out that the pressure relief device is triggered in a vehicle accident. The triggering of the pressure relief device should only occur in the event of a fire.RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 7 Therefore, with the help of the differentiation unit, it is possible to differentiate or distinguish whether an impact event or a fire event is affecting the sensor fiber. The differentiation is carried out in such a way that the differentiation unit only triggers the pressure relief device if a fire event has occurred. In the event of an impact event, the pressure relief device is not triggered. The differentiation unit is preferably an analog electrical circuit. In this case, a "fire event" is understood to mean that a fire or a flame is acting on the compressed gas storage container, in particular on the wall, so that heat is introduced into the wall and thus also into the pyroelectric sensor fiber. The heat can be introduced into the wall and the pyroelectric sensor fiber, in particular by infrared radiation.In other words, a fire event is understood to mean a fire or a blaze that affects the pyroelectric sensor fiber. Accordingly, the terms "fire event" and "fire" can be interchanged at will. This means that the terms "fire event" and "fire" can be used as synonyms. A "shock event," on the other hand, is understood to mean that no heat is introduced into the wall and the pyroelectric sensor fiber, but rather that an impact, for example, resulting from a vehicle accident, affects the wall and thus also the pyroelectric sensor fiber. Accordingly, the terms "shock event" and "strike" can be interchanged at will. This means that the terms "strike event" and "strike" can be used as synonyms.In particular, an "impact event" is understood to mean a short-term force pulse acting on the compressed gas storage container. However, this does not preclude the possibility that such an impact event may comprise several consecutive impacts. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 8 According to one embodiment, the differentiation unit is configured to differentiate between the fire event and the impact event based on a sensor signal generated by the pyroelectric sensor fiber. Depending on whether a fire event or an impact event acts on the pyroelectric sensor fiber, a sensor signal characteristic of the fire event or a sensor signal characteristic of the impact event is generated. The sensor signal is, in particular, a voltage curve and can therefore also be referred to as such. In the case of the fire event, the sensor signal can be referred to, for example, as a fire signal or a fire signal.In the case of an impact event, the sensor signal can also be referred to as an impact signal. According to a further embodiment, the differentiation unit is configured to differentiate the fire event from the impact event, taking into account a polarization of the sensor signal, in such a way that no change in polarization occurs in the case of the fire event and a change in polarization occurs in the case of the impact event. A "change" in polarization is understood to mean that the polarization is reversed. This means, in particular, that during the fire event, the respective sensor signal does not cross zero, whereas during the impact event, at least one zero crossing of the sensor signal occurs.According to a further embodiment, the differentiation unit is configured to differentiate the fire event from the impact event, taking into account a time profile of the sensor signal, in that the time profile is longer for the fire event than for the impact event. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 9 For example, during an impact event, the sensor signal exhibits a brief peak or voltage spike, which is reached after a few fractions of a second, for example, after 0.1 to 0.3 seconds, and then drops again. During a fire event, however, the sensor signal initially exhibits an increase and then remains essentially constant on a plateau.According to a further embodiment, the pressure relief device comprises a pressure relief unit with a valve for releasing the gas from the receiving area and a pyrotechnic charge, wherein the differentiation unit is configured to ignite the pyrotechnic charge to open the valve. The valve is preferably closed in an initial state. By igniting the pyrotechnic charge, the valve is moved from a closed state to an open state. The valve is preferably an on-off valve. This means that the valve is either completely closed or completely open. The pyrotechnic charge can be ignited using a glow bridge, which can be energized using the pyroelectric sensor fiber. The glow bridge begins to glow, igniting the pyrotechnic charge. This opens the valve to release the gas into the environment.By igniting the pyrotechnic charge, a component of the valve, for example a valve body or a valve stem, can be moved to open the valve. According to a further embodiment, the pyroelectric sensor fiber has a first electrode, a second electrode, and a pyroelectric material arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. For example, the first electrode comprises a conductive material, such as a metal, a plastic filled with conductive particles, carbon-based fibers, or the like. The same can apply to the second electrode. The pyroelectric material can be applied to the first electrode, which in turn is coated with another conductive material that forms the second electrode. The pyroelectric sensor fiber can have any desired geometry in cross-section.For example, the pyroelectric sensor fiber has a wire-shaped first electrode and a tubular second electrode. The first electrode can be arranged inside the second electrode. The pyroelectric material is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode, in which the first electrode is embedded such that the first electrode and the second electrode do not contact each other. The pyroelectric material can also be referred to as sensor material. The electrodes can also be plate-shaped or film-shaped. According to a further embodiment, the pyroelectric sensor fiber is arranged in or on the wall, wherein the pyroelectric sensor fiber is in particular embedded at least in sections in the wall.The pyroelectric sensor fiber can be installed in the sheathing, in particular in the fiber-reinforced plastic of the sheathing, during a winding process of the sheathing of the wall. The degree of coverage of the pyroelectric sensor fiber with the fiber-reinforced plastic, and thus a detection area for fire detection, can be adjusted by the winding process. The pyroelectric sensor fiber can be covered at least in sections by the fiber-reinforced plastic. The pyroelectric sensor fiber can also be completely covered by the fiber-reinforced plastic. This protects the pyroelectric sensor fiber from damage within the fiber-reinforced plastic. Viewed in a radial direction of the compressed gas storage vessel, the pyroelectric sensor fiber can be embedded 1 mm to a maximum of 5 mm deep into the wall.RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 11 According to a further embodiment, the pyroelectric sensor fiber winds helically around the wall, viewed along a longitudinal direction of the compressed gas storage container. The longitudinal direction runs along the aforementioned central axis. This means, in particular, that the pyroelectric sensor fiber has a helical or helical geometry. A multiple helix or a crossed helix is ​​also possible. Furthermore, the pyroelectric sensor fiber can be designed, in particular, to be spiral, multiple helix, crossed helix, or the like. The pitch of this helical geometry of the pyroelectric sensor fiber can be selected as desired. For example, windings of the pyroelectric sensor fiber can be arranged closer together or further apart from one another. This can influence the sensitivity of the pressure relief device.Viewed along the longitudinal direction, a distance between the windings or a winding spacing of the pyroelectric sensor fiber can preferably be a maximum of 100 mm. Particularly preferably, this aforementioned winding spacing is a maximum of 50 mm. The compressed gas storage container can have a plurality of pyroelectric sensor fibers, wherein all of the pyroelectric sensor fibers are jointly assigned to the pressure relief device. This means, in particular, that a pressure relief unit can be assigned a plurality of pyroelectric sensor fibers. This can improve the sensitivity of the pressure relief device. The pyroelectric sensor fibers can have different lengths. The pyroelectric sensor fibers can be arranged parallel to one another or cross over one another. The pyroelectric sensor fibers can also be arranged at least partially parallel and partially cross over one another.In the event that the pyroelectric sensor fibers cross each other, a network-like arrangement of the pyroelectric sensor fibers can be realized on or in the wall. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 12 According to a further embodiment, the differentiation unit has a capacitor for storing energy generated with the aid of the pyroelectric sensor fibers. The capacitor is connected, in particular, between the pyroelectric sensor fiber and the pressure relief unit. The capacitor can be a so-called surge or pulse capacitor. In the present case, such a "pulse capacitor" is understood to mean a DC capacitor that serves to absorb or emit a strong, usually short, but high-energy current pulse. This makes it possible to ignite the pyrotechnic charge with the aid of the current pulse released by the capacitor.According to a further embodiment, the differentiation unit is configured to release the electrical energy stored in the capacitor as a function of a variable indicative of charging of the capacitor in order to trigger the pressure relief device. The variable indicative of charging of the capacitor can be a voltage measured or applied to the capacitor. For example, upon reaching a predetermined voltage, the capacitor is discharged to trigger the pressure relief unit by igniting the pyrotechnic charge of the pressure relief unit, thereby opening the valve of the pressure relief unit.According to a further embodiment, the differentiation unit has a control element that detects the indicative variable, and a switching element that can be controlled by the control element as a function of the indicative variable in order to release the electrical energy stored in the capacitor to trigger the pressure relief device. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 13 In particular, the control element is connected to the switching element in such a way that, at a predetermined value of the indicative variable, the control element controls the switching element in such a way that the capacitor is discharged to trigger the pressure relief unit. According to a further embodiment, the control element is connected in parallel to the capacitor, wherein the switching element is connected in parallel to the capacitor, and wherein the control element controls the switching element with the aid of a control output.Accordingly, the control element is connected to the switching element via the control output. The switching element can be, for example, a relay or a transistor. The control element can, in particular, be a voltmeter. In particular, the transistor can be an npn transistor (negative-positive-negative). The transistor has a base, an emitter, and a collector. The control output of the control element is connected to the base. According to a further embodiment, the differentiation unit has a first subcircuit, which has the pyroelectric sensor fiber, and a second subcircuit for triggering the pressure relief device, wherein the first subcircuit and the second subcircuit are galvanically isolated from one another.Galvanic isolation can, for example, prevent a "spark" from arcing from the first subcircuit to the second subcircuit in the event of a strong impact on the pyroelectric sensor fiber. Galvanic isolation is preferably achieved using a voltage converter. The voltage converter is operated in particular as a flyback converter, also known as a boost-buck converter or flyback converter. This operating mode serves to transmit electrical energy between an input and an output side of galvanically isolated direct voltages. According to a further embodiment, the pressure relief device is attached to a dome-shaped wall end section of the wall. In particular, the pressure relief unit is attached to the dome-shaped wall end section.For example, an inlet nozzle for admitting the gas into the compressed gas storage container can be mounted on a first wall end section, with the pressure relief unit being mounted on a second wall end section. Reverse assembly may also be possible. Furthermore, the pressure relief unit can also be integrated into the inlet nozzle. This results in a compact design. Furthermore, a vehicle, in particular a motor vehicle, with at least one such compressed gas storage container is proposed. The vehicle can have a plurality of such compressed gas storage containers. The compressed gas storage container can be arranged, for example, in the region of a floor of the vehicle. The vehicle can have a consumer, in particular a fuel cell, which is supplied with the gas with the aid of the compressed gas storage container. The vehicle can in particular be an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.However, the vehicle can also have an internal combustion engine. The vehicle can also be a commercial vehicle, for example, a truck. Furthermore, the vehicle can also be an aircraft, a watercraft, or a rail vehicle. The vehicle is particularly preferably a passenger car. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 15 The embodiments and features described for the proposed compressed gas storage vessel apply accordingly to the proposed vehicle, and vice versa. "One" is not necessarily to be understood as being limited to exactly one element. Rather, multiple elements, such as two, three, or more, can also be provided. Any other numbering term used here should also not be understood as implying a limitation to the exact number of elements stated. Rather, numerical deviations upwards and downwards are possible, unless otherwise stated.Further possible implementations of the compressed gas storage container and / or the vehicle also include combinations of features or embodiments described previously or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments that are not explicitly mentioned. In this case, the person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the compressed gas storage container and / or the vehicle. Further advantageous configurations and aspects of the compressed gas storage container and / or the vehicle are the subject of the dependent claims and the exemplary embodiments of the compressed gas storage container and / or the vehicle described below. The compressed gas storage container and / or the vehicle are explained in more detail below using preferred embodiments with reference to the attached figures. Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a vehicle; Fig.2 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a compressed gas storage container for the vehicle according to Fig. 1; RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 16 Fig. 3 shows a further schematic sectional view of the compressed gas storage container according to the section line III-III of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 shows the detailed view IV according to Fig. 2; Fig. 5 shows a schematic side view of the compressed gas storage container according to Fig. 2; Fig. 6 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a pyroelectric sensor fiber for the compressed gas storage container according to Fig. 2; Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a pressure relief device for the compressed gas storage container according to Fig. 2; Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a voltage-time diagram of the sensor fiber according to Fig. 6; Fig. 9 shows a further schematic view of the pressure relief device according to Fig. 7; Fig.10 shows a further schematic view of the voltage-time diagram according to Fig. 8; and Fig. 11 shows a schematic view of a further embodiment of a pressure relief device for the compressed gas storage container according to Fig. 2. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 17 In the figures, identical or functionally equivalent elements have been provided with the same reference numerals, unless stated otherwise. Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of an embodiment of a vehicle 1. The vehicle 1 is a motor vehicle, in particular an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle. However, the vehicle 1 can also be powered by an internal combustion engine. The vehicle 1 can also be a commercial vehicle, for example a truck, a harvesting machine or a construction machine. Furthermore, the vehicle 1 can also be a military vehicle.Furthermore, the vehicle 1 can also be an aircraft, a watercraft, or a rail vehicle. However, it is assumed below that the vehicle 1 is a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car. The vehicle 1 comprises a body 2, which encloses a passenger compartment or vehicle interior 3 of the vehicle 1. A driver and passengers can be present in the vehicle interior 3. The body 2 separates an environment 4 of the vehicle 1 from the vehicle interior 3. The vehicle interior 3 is accessible from the environment 4 by means of doors. The vehicle 1 comprises a chassis with several wheels 5, 6. The number of wheels 5, 6 is fundamentally arbitrary. Preferably, the vehicle 1 has four wheels 5, 6. However, the vehicle 1 can also have, for example, six wheels 5, 6. The wheels 5, 6 are part of a chassis of the vehicle 1. Only two wheels 5, 6 can be driven.However, all wheels 5, 6 can also be driven. In this case, the vehicle 1 is an all-wheel drive vehicle. The vehicle 1 comprises a compressed gas storage container 7 for the pressurized storage of a gas, in particular hydrogen. The compressed gas storage container 7 is preferably placed on or in the region of a floor or a floor structure of the vehicle 1. The compressed gas storage container 7 can be arranged outside the body 2. The vehicle 1 can have multiple compressed gas storage containers 7. In principle, the compressed gas storage container 7 is not only suitable for use on a vehicle 1, but can, for example, be used for any other application. For example, the compressed gas storage container 7 can also be used for immobile applications, in particular in building technology or for an emergency power supply.Furthermore, the compressed gas storage tank 7 can be used for building heating or for combined heat and power plants. However, the following assumes that the compressed gas storage tank 7 is used for a mobile application, namely in or on the vehicle 1. With the aid of the compressed gas storage tank 7, the gas stored in the compressed gas storage tank 7 can be supplied to a consumer 8 of the vehicle 1 at a suitable supply pressure and a suitable supply temperature. The consumer 8 is preferably a fuel cell. A "fuel cell" is understood here to be a galvanic cell that converts the chemical reaction energy of a continuously supplied fuel, in this case hydrogen, and an oxidizing agent, in this case oxygen, into electrical energy.With the help of the electrical energy obtained, for example, an electric motor (not shown) can be driven, which in turn drives the wheels 5, 6 or at least two of the wheels 5, 6. Fig. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a compressed gas storage container 7 as mentioned above. Fig. 3 shows a further schematic sectional view of the compressed gas storage container 7 according to the section line III-III of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 shows the detailed view IV according to Fig. 2. Reference is made below to Figs. 2 to 4 simultaneously. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 19 The compressed gas storage container 7 is suitable for storing a gas, in this case hydrogen H2, in gaseous form under high pressure and releasing it again as required. For example, the compressed gas storage container 7 is operated under a pressure of several hundred bar, for example from 800 to 1,000 bar.The compressed gas storage container 7 can also be referred to as a compressed gas storage tank, hydrogen compressed gas storage container, hydrogen compressed gas storage tank, or hydrogen storage container. In principle, the compressed gas storage container 7 is suitable for receiving or storing any gas. However, it is assumed below that the gas is hydrogen H2. The terms "gas" and "hydrogen" are therefore interchangeable. As previously mentioned, the hydrogen H2 is stored in its gaseous state in the compressed gas storage container 7. The hydrogen H2 is thus single-phase. Therefore, preferably no liquid phase and thus no phase boundary is present within the compressed gas storage container 7. The compressed gas storage container 7 comprises a container wall or wall 9, which encloses a receiving area 10 for receiving the hydrogen H2.The gaseous hydrogen H2 is accommodated in the receiving area 10. The receiving area 10 is cylindrical. A geometry or a spatial extent of the receiving area 10 is defined or limited by the wall 9. The receiving area 10 is a cavity completely enclosed by the wall 9. The wall 9 is, as explained below, multi-layered or multi-layered. This means that different materials form the wall 9 in a layered structure. The compressed gas storage container 7 is assigned a coordinate system with a longitudinal direction or x-direction x, a transverse direction or y-direction y and a vertical direction or z-direction z. The directions x, y, z are oriented perpendicular to one another. A longitudinal direction L of the compressed gas storage container 7 runs along the x-direction x. This means that the longitudinal direction L and the x-direction x are identical.A direction of gravity g is oriented opposite and parallel to the z-direction z. The compressed gas storage container 7 or the wall 9 is assigned a symmetry or central axis 11, to which the compressed gas storage container 7 or the wall 9 is essentially rotationally symmetrical. "Essentially" rotationally symmetrical includes an at least slightly oval cross-section. The central axis 11 runs parallel to the x-direction x. Accordingly, the central axis 11 also runs along the longitudinal direction L. A radial direction R of the compressed gas storage container 7 or the wall 9 is perpendicular to the central axis 11 and oriented away from it in the direction of the wall 9. The wall 9 can also be referred to as a container wall, shell, enclosure, or wall. The wall 9 is rotationally symmetrical to the central axis 11. In cross-section, the wall 9 is therefore preferably circular.The wall 9 can, however, also be oval or slightly oval in cross-section. The wall 9 comprises a tubular or hollow cylindrical base section 12 which is constructed rotationally symmetrically to the central axis 11. On each end face, i.e. on the left and right in the orientation of Fig. 2, a first cover section or first wall end section 13 and a second cover section or second wall end section 14 are provided on the base section 12. The wall end sections 13, 14 are dome-shaped or cupola-shaped and are each constructed rotationally symmetrically to the central axis 11. The wall end sections 13, 14 can also be referred to as RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 21 cover sections. The wall end sections 13, 14 are curved outwards with respect to the receiving area 10.The base section 12 and the wall end sections 13, 14 are firmly, in particular non-detachably, connected to one another. The wall 9 has a cylindrical geometry. The wall 9 comprises a load-bearing casing 15 (Figs. 3 and 4), which is made of a fiber-reinforced plastic material or a fiber-composite plastic. The casing 15 is external and thus faces the environment 4. This means that the casing 15 borders the environment 4. The fact that the casing 15 is "load-bearing" means in this case, in particular, that the casing 15 absorbs all or at least a large portion of the loads acting on the wall 9 or on the compressed gas storage container 7. The loads can result from the pressurized hydrogen H2 itself and / or from external loads, for example, in the event of a traffic accident.The sheathing 15 can also be referred to as a jacket, covering, support layer, outer layer, or outer ply of the wall 9. The sheathing 15 is preferably constructed layer by layer from the fiber-reinforced plastic. However, this does not preclude the sheathing 15 from also containing metallic components. The sheathing 15 has an outer side 16 facing the environment 4 and an inner side 17 facing the receiving area 10 (Fig. 4). A fiber-reinforced plastic as mentioned above comprises a plastic material, in particular a plastic matrix, in which fibers, for example natural fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers, aramid fibers, or the like, are embedded. The plastic material can be a thermoset, such as an epoxy resin or a vinyl ester-based resin. However, the plastic material can also be a thermoplastic. The fibers can be continuous fibers.RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 22 The casing 15 is preferably a one-piece, in particular a single-piece material component. "Single-piece" or "one-part" is understood here to mean that the casing 15 forms a single component and is not composed of different and separable parts or components. "Single-piece material" means here that the casing 15 is made entirely of the same material, namely the fiber-reinforced plastic. The casing 15 is provided on both the base section 12 and the two wall end sections 13, 14. In addition to the casing 15, the wall 9 has a lining 18 lining the casing 15. The lining 18 can also be referred to as the inner layer or inner ply of the wall 9. The sheath 15 can be wound onto the lining 18 or onto a mold or mandrel (not shown) to produce the sheath.The lining 18 is gas-tight. The casing 15 is not necessarily gas-tight. The lining 18 can comprise a fiber-reinforced plastic, various plastic materials, and / or metallic materials. The lining 18 is a so-called liner or can be referred to as the liner of the compressed gas storage vessel 7. The lining 18 has a tubular or hollow-cylindrical geometry. The lining 18 is constructed rotationally symmetrically to the central axis 11. The lining 18 is provided both on the base section 12 and on the wall end sections 13, 14. The lining 18 can have a layered or sheet-like structure. The casing 15 completely surrounds the lining 18 or completely encapsulates it. The lining 18 comprises an outer side 19 (Fig. 4) facing the inner side 17 of the casing 15 and an inner side 20 facing the receiving area 10.The inner side 20 is in contact with the hydrogen H2 held in the receiving area 10 RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 23. The inner side 20 can also be referred to as the inside of the wall 9 or as the inside of the compressed gas storage container 7. The inner side 20 completely encloses the cylindrical receiving area 10 and thus defines its spatial extent. The casing 15 and the lining 18 are integrally connected to one another on the inside 17 of the casing 15 and on the outside 19 of the lining 18, in particular glued to one another. In integrally bonded connections, the connecting partners are held together by atomic or molecular forces. Integral connections are non-detachable connections that can only be separated from one another by destroying the connecting means and / or the connecting partners.The compressed gas storage container 7 further comprises an injection nozzle or inlet nozzle 21 (Fig. 2) for injecting or admitting the hydrogen H2 into the receiving area 10. The inlet nozzle 21 is preferably provided on the first wall end section 13 of the wall 9. Alternatively, the inlet nozzle 21 can also be placed on the second wall end section 14. Preferably, the inlet nozzle 21 extends through both the casing 15 and the lining 18. The inlet nozzle 21 can be made of a metallic material. The inlet nozzle 21 is preferably designed such that it is rotationally symmetrical to the central axis 11. In particular, the inlet nozzle 21 is centered or arranged centrally with respect to the central axis 11. Deviating from this, the inlet nozzle 21 can also be arranged off-center, that is to say offset relative to the central axis 11.The inlet nozzle 21 is preferably tubular or hollow-cylindrical and in particular has an annular cross-section. However, the inlet nozzle 21 can also have any other cross-section. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 24 The inlet nozzle 21 can have a plurality of channels, bores, nozzles, valves, switches and / or sensors that make it possible to refuel or fill the compressed gas storage container 7 with the gaseous hydrogen H2. The inlet nozzle 21 can protrude beyond the inner side 20 of the lining 18 in the region of the first wall end section 13 and thus into the receiving area 10. The inlet nozzle 21 is designed to admit or inject the hydrogen H2 into the receiving area 10 parallel to the central axis 11 or along the longitudinal direction L or along the x-direction x. Fig.5 shows a schematic side view of the compressed gas storage container 7. According to legal regulations, in the event of severe heat exposure, for example in the event of a vehicle fire, the hydrogen H2 can be released from the compressed gas storage container 7 in a controlled manner, so that bursting of the compressed gas storage container 7 is reliably prevented. For this purpose, the compressed gas storage container 7 has at least one pressure relief unit 22 (Pressure Release Device, PRD or Thermally Activated Pressure Release Device, TPRD) mounted on the wall 9. In particular, the pressure relief unit 22 is mounted on the second wall end section 14, whereas the inlet nozzle 21 can be mounted on the first wall end section 13. Reverse mounting is also possible. Furthermore, the pressure relief unit 22 can also be integrated into the inlet nozzle 21.The pressure relief unit 22 is designed to release the hydrogen H2 from the compressed gas storage container 7 within a short period of time. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 25 For this purpose, the pressure relief unit 22 can, for example, have a valve and a pyrotechnic composition or a pyrotechnic charge for opening the valve. Due to legal requirements, the pressure relief unit 22 may only be triggered mechanically or with the aid of an analog circuit. Activation using software, for example via a control unit of the vehicle 1, is not permitted for safety reasons. Since the pressure relief unit 22 is attached to the end of the wall 9, it can only be triggered when heat Q, in particular in the form of infrared radiation, for example due to a vehicle fire, is introduced into the pressure relief unit 22 and / or into the second wall end section 14.Thus, essentially only local heat detection or fire detection is possible. If the compressed gas storage vessel 7 has a large extent along the longitudinal direction L, it may happen that, for example, a fire-related heat input at the first wall end section 13 is localized too late. To prevent this, it is possible to install additional pressure relief units 22. However, this leads to greater installation effort, higher costs, and poorer use of installation space. This needs to be improved. To avoid these aforementioned disadvantages, the fire detection in the compressed gas storage vessel 7 is at least partially spatially decoupled from the pressure relief unit 22. For this purpose, the compressed gas storage vessel 7 has a sensor fiber 23, with the aid of which monitoring over the entire outer side 16 of the wall 9 is possible.For this purpose, the sensor fiber 23 is arranged on the outer side 16 or embedded in the sheath 15. The pressure relief unit 22, together with the sensor fiber 23, forms a pressure relief device 24. The sensor fiber 23 is deformable or bendable and can therefore be wound helically or spirally onto the wall 9. The sensor fiber 23 can be embedded in the wall 9, in particular in the sheath 15. Any number of such sensor fibers 23 can be provided. Figure 6 shows a schematic sectional view of an embodiment of a sensor fiber 23 as mentioned above. The sensor fiber 23 has a wire-shaped inner or first electrode 25 and a tubular outer or second electrode 26. The first electrode 25 is arranged within the second electrode 26. However, the electrodes 25, 26 may also have any other geometry.For example, the electrodes 25, 26 can be foil-shaped or strip-shaped. A pyroelectric material 27 is arranged between the first electrode 25 and the second electrode 26, into which the first electrode 25 is embedded such that the first electrode 25 and the second electrode 26 do not contact each other. The sensor fiber 23 can be referred to as a pyroelectric sensor fiber. The sensor fiber 23 can be circular or rectangular in cross-section. The pyroelectric material 27 can be referred to as a sensor material. The first electrode 25 of the sensor fiber 23 comprises a conductive material, such as a metal, a plastic filled with conductive particles, carbon-based fibers, or the like. The pyroelectric material 27 is applied to the first electrode 25, which in turn is coated with another conductive material that forms the second electrode 26.The pyroelectric material 27 can be a piezoelectric semiconductor crystal. A temperature change of the pyroelectric material 27 leads to a measurable change in the electrical voltage between the two electrodes 25, 26. Thus, the sensor fiber 23 provides electrical energy. This electrical energy can be used to trigger the pressure relief unit 22. "Triggering" the pressure relief unit 22 is understood here to mean, in particular, that the pyrotechnic charge of the pressure relief unit 22 is ignited, so that the pressure relief unit 22 releases the hydrogen H2 into the environment 4. Since the pyroelectric material 27 is a piezoelectric semiconductor crystal, the pyroelectric material 27 also has piezoelectric properties.In this context, "piezoelectricity" refers to the change in electrical polarization and thus the occurrence of an electrical voltage in solid bodies when they are elastically deformed. The sensor fiber 23 can therefore also be referred to as a pyroelectric and piezoelectric sensor fiber. This means, in particular, that a deformation of the pyroelectric material 27, for example, due to an impact on the sensor fiber 23, can lead to a measurable change in the electrical voltage between the two electrodes 25, 26. Such an impact can, for example, act on the sensor fiber 23 in the event of an accident involving the vehicle 1. However, it must be ruled out that the pressure relief unit 22 is triggered in the event of an accident involving the vehicle 1. The triggering of the pressure relief unit 22 should only occur as a result of a fire.It is therefore necessary to differentiate or distinguish whether an impact or a fire is acting on the sensor fiber 23. In the event of a fire, the sensor fiber 23 generates a pyroelectric signal characteristic of a fire. Accordingly, in the event of an impact, the sensor fiber 23 generates a piezoelectric signal characteristic of an impact. In particular, a decoupling of the piezoelectric signal from the pyroelectric signal is required. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 28 For example, it is possible to suppress the piezoelectric signal and / or amplify the pyroelectric signal. This both prevents false triggering of the pressure relief unit 22 and enables evaluation of both signals. It can be used here that the two signals differ in at least one of the following factors.Possible factors include frequency, amplitude, polarization direction, and / or signal duration. Furthermore, it is possible to store the measured signals. For example, by storing and / or evaluating the piezoelectric signal, conclusions can be drawn about temporal damage to the wall 9, for example, due to stone chips. The sensor fiber 23 can be installed in the sheath 15, in particular in the fiber-reinforced plastic of the sheath 15, during a winding process of the sheath 15. The degree of coverage of the sensor fiber 23 with the fiber-reinforced plastic, and thus a detection area for fire detection, can be adjusted by the winding process. The sensor fiber 23 reacts in particular to externally introduced infrared radiation, such as occurs during a fire, with a temporary voltage.The amplitude of this voltage depends on the particular pyroelectric material 27 selected and the intensity of the infrared radiation. The electrical energy generated by the sensor fiber 23 can be used to trigger the pressure relief unit 22. To trigger the pressure relief unit 22, for example, a pyrotechnic charge as mentioned above can be ignited, which opens a valve of the pressure relief unit 22 as mentioned above to release the hydrogen H2 from the compressed gas storage container 7, resulting in pressure relief. An additional energy source for triggering the pressure relief unit 22 is not required. The pressure relief device 24 therefore advantageously requires no additional energy source for detecting, outputting, and processing a sensor signal from the sensor fiber 23. The aforementioned legal requirements can thus be met.The pressure relief device 24 thus enables decentralized and / or comprehensive location of a fire or blaze on the exterior 16 of the compressed gas storage vessel 7, thereby increasing system safety. The location of the pressure relief, namely a position of the pressure relief unit 22 on the compressed gas storage vessel 7, can thus be decoupled from the detection location, which has a directly positive impact on design freedom when designing an installation space for the compressed gas storage vessel 7. The sensor fiber 23 is primarily positioned in an outermost layer of the sheath 15, in particular of the fiber-reinforced plastic, for example in the form of a laminate. However, the sensor fiber 23 can also be wound into deeper layers. The sensor fiber 23 can thereby be protected from external influences. Nevertheless, the sensor fiber 23 has sufficient access to the source of the fire for detection.By selecting a suitable winding path during the manufacture of the compressed gas storage container 7, the degree of coverage of the sensor fiber 23 encircling the compressed gas storage container 7 and thus a surface of the compressed gas storage container 7 capable of detection can be adjusted. To protect the sensor fiber 23 from damage during the winding process, it can be laid as part of a fiber strand, for example made of carbon fibers, glass fibers, plastic fibers or the like. To create redundancy, several sensor fibers 23 can be introduced. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 30 A fire that occurs directly at the compressed gas storage container 7 and thus at the sensor fiber 23 causes an increase in temporary voltage due to a shift in the center of gravity of the charge.From the amplitude of this voltage, a temperature can be derived, which can be used as a limit for triggering a valve of the pressure relief unit 22. This ensures pressure reduction in the compressed gas storage container 7. Returning now to Fig. 5, the pressure relief device 24 comprises a capacitor 28 connected upstream of the pressure relief unit 22. The capacitor 28 can be a so-called surge or pulse capacitor. Such a "pulse capacitor" is understood here to be a DC voltage capacitor, which serves to absorb or release a strong, usually very short, but high-energy current surge. Fig. 7 shows a schematic view of an embodiment of a pressure relief device 24A for the compressed gas storage container 7, as mentioned above. Fig. 8 shows a schematic view of a voltage-time diagram of a sensor fiber 23, as mentioned above.9 shows a further schematic view of the pressure relief device 24A. Fig. 10 shows a further schematic view of the aforementioned voltage-time diagram of the sensor fiber 23. Reference is made to Figs. 7 to 10 simultaneously below. The pressure relief device 24A has a differentiation unit 29, with the aid of which the sensor fiber 23, the pressure relief unit 22, and the capacitor 28 are interconnected. The differentiation unit 29 is an analog electrical circuit and can therefore also be referred to as such. The terms "differentiation unit" and "circuit" can therefore be interchanged as desired in this case. The differentiation unit 29 RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 31 enables differentiation or distinction as to whether a fire or an impact is acting on the sensor fiber 23.The differentiation unit 29 is configured to trigger the pressure relief unit 22 only when a fire acts on the sensor fiber 23. The differentiation unit 29 therefore does not trigger the pressure relief unit 22 when an impact acts on the sensor fiber 23. Thus, with the help of the differentiation unit 29, a differentiation or distinction is made as to whether a fire or an impact acts on the sensor fiber 23, as will be explained below. The pressure relief unit 22 has a valve 30, in particular a gas valve, and a pyrotechnic charge 31 assigned to the valve 30. The pyrotechnic charge 31 is only ignited when a fire acts on the sensor fiber 23. The first electrode 25 of the sensor fiber 23 is connected as the cathode or negative pole in Fig. 7. The second electrode 26 is connected as the anode or positive pole in Fig. 7. In Fig. 9, the polarity of the electrodes 25, 26 is reversed.The pyroelectric material 27 is not shown in Figures 7 and 9. The electrodes 25, 26 are connected to a first conductor track 32 and to a second conductor track 33. A third conductor track 34 connects the two conductor tracks 32, 33 to one another, with the capacitor 28 being connected into the third conductor track 34. The differentiation unit 29 further comprises a control element 35. The control element 35 can be a voltmeter. The control element 35 is connected in parallel to the capacitor 28 by means of a fourth conductor track 36 and a fifth conductor track 37, both of which branch off from the third conductor track 34. A capacitance of the capacitor 28 can be designed or selected such that the capacitance of the capacitor 28 specifies a threshold value for triggering the pressure relief unit 22.RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 32 Furthermore, the differentiation unit 29 comprises a switching element 38, which can be controlled by means of the control element 35. The switching element 38 is a transistor, in particular an npn transistor (negative-positive-negative). The switching element 38 can also be a relay. The switching element 38 has a base 39, an emitter 40, and a collector 41. A control output 42 of the control element 35 is connected to the base 39. The emitter 40 is connected via a sixth conductor track 43 to the pyrotechnic charge 31, which is additionally connected to the first conductor track 32. The collector 41 is connected to the second conductor track 33. The differentiation unit 29 has a blocking element 44 connected to the second conductor track 33. The blocking element 44 is an electronic component that allows electrical current to pass in one direction and blocks it in the other direction.The blocking element 44 has a forward direction and a reverse direction. The forward direction is oriented from left to right in the orientation of Figs. 7 and 9. The reverse direction is oriented from right to left in the orientation of Figs. 7 and 9. This means that the blocking element 44 allows electrical current to pass when the first electrode 25 is connected as the negative pole and the second electrode 26 as the positive pole. In contrast, the blocking element 44 does not allow electrical current to pass when the first electrode 25 is connected as the positive pole and the second electrode 26 as the negative pole. The blocking element 44 is a diode, in particular a semiconductor diode. Figs. 8 and 10 each show a diagram in which a voltage U generated by the sensor fiber 23 is plotted against time t. The voltage U is plotted on the vertical axis or ordinate axis, while the time t is plotted on the right axis or abscissa axis.8 shows a sensor signal 45 of the sensor fiber 23, which has a temporal profile of the voltage U that is characteristic of a fire. The sensor signal 45 is a voltage curve and can therefore also be referred to as such. In particular, the sensor signal 45, starting from a first plateau 46, has a steep rise 47 to a second plateau 48. The sensor signal 45 can also be referred to as a fire signal or fire signal. In contrast, Fig. 10 shows a sensor signal 49 of the sensor fiber 23, which has a temporal profile of the voltage U that is characteristic of an impact on the sensor fiber 23, for example in the event of an accident involving the vehicle 1. The sensor signal 49 is a voltage curve and can therefore also be referred to as such.In particular, the sensor signal 49, starting from a first plateau 50, has a first zero crossing 51, a negative voltage peak 52, a second zero crossing 53, and a positive voltage peak 54. This means that a polarity reversal of the sensor fiber 23 takes place, so that the electrodes 25, 26 are reversed at each zero crossing 51, 53. For example, the first electrode 25 is reversed from the negative pole (Fig. 7) to the positive pole (Fig. 9) at the first zero crossing 51. Accordingly, the second electrode 26 is reversed from the positive pole (Fig. 7) to the negative pole (Fig. 9) at the first zero crossing 51. The polarization thus changes. The sensor signal 49 can have a plurality of zero crossings 51, 53 as previously mentioned. The sensor signal 49 can also be referred to as an impact signal. The functionality of the pressure relief device 24 is explained below. One or more fire sources 55, of which only one is shown in Fig.7 only one is provided with a reference symbol, introduce heat Q into the sensor fiber 23. As a result, an electrical voltage is applied between the electrodes 25, 26. Since the first electrode 25 is connected as the negative pole and the second electrode 26 as the positive pole, current flows through the blocking element 44 so that the capacitor 28 can be charged. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 34 The capacitor 28 acts as an energy store which is charged with electrical energy with the aid of the sensor fiber 23. The capacitor 28 stores electrical energy until there is sufficient electrical energy to trigger the pressure relief unit 22. The voltage applied to the capacitor 28, which is detected with the aid of the control element 35, is used as an indicative variable for the charging of the capacitor 28.If the capacitor 28 is sufficiently charged to ignite the pyrotechnic charge 31, the control element 35 energizes the base 39 of the switching element 38 via the control output 42. The point in time at which the control element 35 energizes the base 39 can be influenced by the design of the control element 35. For example, a certain voltage can be specified as the triggering criterion, which must at least be present across the capacitor 28. In particular, a voltage difference between the plateaus 46, 48 of the sensor signal 45 can be used as the triggering criterion. The switching element 38 can be designed such that the voltage difference switches the switching element 38. If the base 39 is energized, the switching element 38 switches in such a way that, in particular, a glow bridge igniting the pyrotechnic charge 31 is energized by the capacitor 28 via the conductor tracks 32, 33, 34, 43.The pyrotechnic charge 31 is ignited, and the valve 30 opens to release the hydrogen H2 from the compressed gas storage container 7. When the pyrotechnic charge 31 is ignited, it generates a blast or pressure wave 56. With the help of the pressure wave 56, a component of the valve 30, for example a valve body or a valve tappet, can be moved to open it. There are therefore two conditions for the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 31. Firstly, the sensor fiber 23 must generate a sensor signal 45, as mentioned above, with sufficient amplitude to trigger the switching element 38. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 35 Secondly, the electrodes 25, 26 must have the correct polarity so that the blocking element 44 does not prevent the charging of the capacitor 28. The sensor signal 45 must therefore not have any zero crossings 51, 53, as is the case with an impact on the sensor fiber 23.However, in the event of an impact on the sensor fiber 23, as indicated in Fig. 9 with the aid of a symbolic hammer 57, the pyrotechnic charge 31 must not be ignited. The impact on the sensor fiber 23 causes the first zero crossing 51. The electrodes 25, 26 are reversed, so that the blocking element 44 does not permit any current flow. The negative voltage peak 52 cannot be used to charge the capacitor 28. The switching element 38 is designed such that the positive voltage peak 54 is too small to switch the switching element 38. In particular, the capacitor 28 is also designed such that the positive voltage peak 54 does not charge the capacitor 28 sufficiently to ignite the pyrotechnic charge 31. The pyrotechnic charge 31 is therefore not ignited and the valve 30 remains closed.A signal in the form of sensor signal 49, which is caused by a mechanical deformation of the sensor fiber 23, such as occurs in the event of an impact on the sensor fiber 23, leads to a charge distribution that is opposite to the pyroelectric effect. This, in turn, results in the output signal being opposite to the sensor signal 45 and thus being able to be filtered out by the differentiation unit 29. In particular, with the help of the differentiation unit 29, only the positive signals can be passed through for processing. Negative signals are blocked. Thus, an impact can be ignored. Even a permanent clamping of the sensor fiber 23, for example in the event of an accident involving vehicle 1, does not result in a sensor signal 49 other than that shown in Fig. 10. This means that even a permanent clamping of the sensor fiber 23 cannot lead to the ignition of the pyrotechnic charge 31. Fig.11 shows a schematic view of another embodiment of a pressure relief device 24B as mentioned above for the compressed gas storage container 7. The functionality of the pressure relief device 24B essentially corresponds to the functionality of the pressure relief device 24A. Therefore, only differences between the two embodiments of the pressure relief device 24A, 24B will be discussed below. The pressure relief device 24B comprises a differentiation unit 58. The differentiation unit 58 is - like the differentiation unit 29 - an analog electrical circuit and can therefore also be referred to as such. The differentiation unit 58 has a first subcircuit 59 and a second subcircuit 60. As a whole, the differentiation unit 58 has essentially the same functionality as the previously explained differentiation unit 29, as will be explained below.The subcircuits 59, 60 are coupled to one another by means of a voltage converter 61. The voltage converter 61 comprises a first coil 62 assigned to the first subcircuit 59, a second coil 63 assigned to the second subcircuit 60, and a core 64. The core 64 is a ferrite core. The first coil 62 has a higher number of turns than the second coil 63. The voltage converter 61 is a DC-DC converter. In particular, the voltage converter 61 is a step-up converter, boost converter, or step-up converter. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 37 The sensor fiber 23 with the two electrodes 25, 26 and the pyroelectric material 27 (not shown) is assigned to the first subcircuit 59. The first electrode 25 is connected to the first coil 62 by means of a first conductor track 65 of the first subcircuit 59.The second electrode 26 is coupled to the second coil 63 by means of a second conductor track 66 of the first subcircuit 59. A switch 67 is connected to the second conductor track 66. The switch 67 can have a switching frequency of more than 20 kHz. The switch 67 can be a transistor. The switch 67 is part of the voltage converter 61. Furthermore, the first subcircuit 59 comprises a main inductance 68, which is connected between the conductor tracks 65, 66 by means of a third conductor track 69 of the first subcircuit 59. The main inductance 68 is also part of the voltage converter 61. The first subcircuit 59 further comprises a filter capacitor 70. The filter capacitor 70 is a plate capacitor. The filter capacitor 70 is connected between the conductor tracks 65, 66 by means of a fourth conductor track 71. A blocking element 72 in the form of a diode is connected upstream of the filter capacitor 70.Voltage converter 61 operates as a flyback converter, also known as a boost-buck converter or flyback converter. This mode of operation is used to transfer electrical energy between an input and an output side of galvanically isolated DC voltages. This means, in particular, that the subcircuits 59, 60 are galvanically isolated from each other by means of voltage converter 61. The second subcircuit 60 comprises - like the differentiation unit 29 - a pressure relief unit 22 with a valve 30 and a pyrotechnic RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 38 charge 31, a capacitor 28 in the form of a pulse capacitor, a control element 35 in the form of a voltmeter and a switching element 38 in the form of a transistor with a base 39, an emitter 40 and a collector 41, which is connected to a control output 42 of the control element 35.The second subcircuit 60 further comprises conductor tracks 34, 36, 37, 43, as explained with reference to the differentiation unit 29. The second coil 63 is connected to a first conductor track 73 and a second conductor track 74 of the second subcircuit 60. The first conductor track 73 is connected to the pyrotechnic charge 31. The second conductor track 74 is connected to the collector 41 of the switching element 38. A blocking element 75 in the form of a diode is connected to the second conductor track 74. The forward direction of the blocking element 75 is oriented from left to right in the orientation of Fig. 11. The reverse direction is oriented from right to left in the orientation of Fig. 11. The blocking element 75 is part of the voltage converter 61. A capacitor 76 is connected downstream of the blocking element 75 and is connected between the conductor tracks 73, 74 by means of a third conductor track 77 of the second subcircuit 60.The capacitor 76 is also part of the voltage converter 61. During operation of the pressure relief device 24B, the filter capacitor 70 can cushion voltage spikes resulting from impacts on the sensor fiber 23. The filter capacitor 70 serves as a temporal buffer and absorbs a short-term impact on the sensor fiber 23. The filter capacitor 70 is charged and releases the electrical energy again as heat. The functionality of the control element 35 and the switching element 38 corresponds to the functionality explained with reference to the differentiation unit 29. In the event of a fire, as indicated by fire sources 55, a higher control voltage for the pyrotechnic charge 31 can be achieved with the help of the voltage converter 61 compared to the differentiation unit 29 RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 39.The galvanic isolation of subcircuits 59, 60 prevents a spark from spreading to the second subcircuit 60 in the event of a very strong impact on the sensor fiber 23. Although the present invention has been described using exemplary embodiments, it is susceptible to numerous modifications.

[0002] RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 40 LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS 1 Vehicle 2 Body 3 Vehicle interior 4 Environment 5 Wheel 6 Wheel 7 Pressurized gas storage container 8 Consumer 9 Wall 10 Receptacle 11 Central axis 12 Base section 13 Wall end section 14 Wall end section 15 Sheath 16 Outside 17 Inside 18 Lining 19 Outside 20 Inside 21 Inlet nozzle 22 Pressure relief unit 23 Sensor fiber 24 Pressure relief device 24A Pressure relief device 24B Pressure relief device 25 Electrode 26 Electrode RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 41 27 Material 28 Capacitor 29 Differentiation unit 30 Valve 31 Pyrotechnic charge 32 Conductor track 33 Conductor track 34 Conductor track 35 Control element 36 Conductor track 37 Conductor track 38 Switching element 39 Base 40 Emitter 41 Collector 42 Control output 43 Conductor track 44 Blocking element 45 Sensor signal 46 Plateau 47 Rise 48 Plateau 49 Sensor signal 50 Plateau 51 Zero crossing 52 Voltage peak 53Zero crossing 54 Voltage peak 55 Fire source 56 Pressure wave RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 42 57 Hammer 58 Differentiation unit 59 Subcircuit 60 Subcircuit 61 Voltage transformer 62 Coil 63 Coil 64 Core 65 Conductor track 66 Conductor track 67 Switch 68 Main inductance 69 Conductor track 70 Filter capacitor 71 Conductor track 72 Blocking element 73 Conductor track 74 Conductor track 75 Blocking element 76 Capacitor 77 Conductor track H2 Gas / Hydrogen L Longitudinal direction Q Heat R Radial direction t Time U Voltage x x-direction y y-direction RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 43 z z-direction

Claims

RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 44 PATENT CLAIMS 1. Compressed gas storage container (7) for the pressurized storage of a gas (H2), in particular hydrogen, with a wall (9) which encloses a receiving area (10) for receiving the gas (H2), and a pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) for blowing off the gas (H2) from the receiving area (10), wherein the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) has a pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) which is designed to trigger the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) in order to blow off the gas (H2) from the receiving area (10), and wherein the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) has a differentiation a detection unit (29, 58) which is designed to differentiate between a fire event acting on the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) and an impact event acting on the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) in such a way thatthat the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) triggers the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) exclusively in the event of a fire event.

2. Compressed gas storage container according to claim 1, characterized in that the differentiation unit (29, 58) is configured to differentiate between the fire event and the impact event based on a sensor signal (45, 49) generated by the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23).

3. Compressed gas storage container according to claim 2, characterized in that the differentiation unit (29, 58) is configured to differentiate the fire event from the impact event, taking into account a polarization of the sensor signal (45, 49), in that no, RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 45 change in polarization and a change in polarization occurs during the impact event.

4. Compressed gas storage container according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the differentiation unit (29, 58) is configured to differentiate the fire event from the impact event, taking into account a time profile of the sensor signal (45, 49), in that the time profile is longer during the fire event than during the impact event.

5. Compressed gas storage container according to one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) has a pressure relief unit (22) with a valve (30) for releasing the gas (H2) from the receiving area (10) and a pyrotechnic charge (31), wherein the differentiation unit (29, 58) is configured to ignite the pyrotechnic charge (31) to open the valve (30).Compressed gas storage container according to one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) has a first electrode (25), a second electrode (26), and a pyroelectric material (27) arranged between the first electrode (25) and the second electrode (26).

7. Compressed gas storage container according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) is arranged in or on the wall (9), wherein the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) is in particular embedded at least in sections in the wall (9). RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 46 8. Compressed gas storage container according to one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23) winds helically around the wall (9) when viewed along a longitudinal direction (L) of the compressed gas storage container (7).

9. Compressed gas storage container according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the differentiation unit (29, 58) has a capacitor (28) for storing electrical energy generated with the aid of the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23).

10. Compressed gas storage container according to claim 9, characterized in that the differentiation unit (29, 58) is configured to release the electrical energy stored in the capacitor (28) as a function of a variable indicative of a charging of the capacitor (28) in order to trigger the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B). 11.Compressed gas storage container according to claim 10, characterized in that the differentiation unit (29, 58) has a control element (35) that detects the indicative variable, and a switching element (38) that can be controlled by the control element (35) as a function of the indicative variable in order to release the electrical energy stored in the capacitor (28) to trigger the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B).

12. Compressed gas storage container according to claim 11, characterized in that. RIV23004PWO APE23003 WO Rheinmetall Invent GmbH 47 that the control element (35) is connected in parallel to the capacitor (28), wherein the switching element (38) is connected in parallel to the capacitor (28), and wherein the control element (35) controls the switching element (38) with the aid of a control output (42).

13. Compressed gas storage container according to one of claims 1 - 12, characterized in that the differentiation unit (58) has a first subcircuit (59) which has the pyroelectric sensor fiber (23), and a second subcircuit (60) for triggering the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B), wherein the first subcircuit (59) and the second subcircuit (60) are galvanically isolated from one another.

14. Compressed gas storage container according to one of claims 1-13, characterized in that the pressure relief device (24, 24A, 24B) is attached to a dome-shaped wall end section (13, 14) of the wall (9).Vehicle (1), in particular motor vehicle, with at least one compressed gas storage container (7) according to one of claims 1 - 14.

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