Artificial plant-based hair fibers and methods of preparing and use thereof

Abstract

Provided herein are bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape and methods of making the same. The compositions described herein are useful in the manufacture of biodegradable hair products, such as synthetic braiding hair.

Description

ARTIFICIAL PLANT-BASED HAIR FIBERS AND METHODS OF PREPARING AND USE THEREOFCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 543,704 filed on October 11, 2023, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to artificial hair fibers, and more specifically to hair fibers made from bio-based materials, having deep-grooved cross- sectional shapes, for use as synthetic braiding hair, and methods of making the same.BACKGROUND

[0003] Synthetic braiding hair users currently rely on synthetic braiding hair manufactured from plastic fibers. Most people using synthetic braiding hair experience issues with it, such as skin acne, neck pain, and itchy scalp, due to the current, state-of-the-art fibers. Further, the most common plastic fibers used in braiding hair, such as modacrylic fibers which are composed of acrylonitrile and vinyl chloride, are made from carcinogenic material.

[0004] Not only does commercially-available synthetic braiding hair negatively impact users, it also negatively impacts our environment by contributing to plastic pollution with every hairstyle. Currently there are 5 trillion pieces of plastic in the ocean. Of all the plastic that has ever been made, only 9% has been recycled. This leads to more plastic in landfills and waterways. Synthetic braiding hair is a single use plastic, so just like plastic straws and plastic wrappers, once used, it is discarded, and ends up in one of these places as another form of plastic waste.

[0005] More than any other demographic, Black women are suffering from using commercially available synthetic braiding hair, and our environment is as well. There is therefore a need for hair care products, and in particular imitation braiding hair, that harms neither people nor the environment.BRIEF SUMMARY

[0006] In some aspects, provided is a bio-based hair fiber comprising:a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes

[0007] In certain aspects, provided is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes; and an outer coating associated with the surface of the filament.

[0008] In some aspects, provided is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a polylactic acid (PLA) filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes

[0009] In certain aspects, provided is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a PLA filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes; and an outer coating associated with the surface of the filament.

[0010] In other aspects, provided is an article of manufacture, comprising the bio-based hair filaments of the present invention. In some embodiments, the article of manufacture is a hair ornament. In some aspects, the hair ornament is a fiber bundle, a wig, a hairpiece, weaving hair, a hair extension, braiding hair, braided hair, a hair accessory, doll hair, a quick weave, a toupee, a ponytail, wefted hair, a clip-in, or a microlink.

[0011] In other aspects, provided is a method comprising: a) melt-spinning a composition comprising a bio-based resin; and b) extruding melt-spun fibers through a spinneret having an orifice comprising a deep- grooved cross-sectional shape;DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0012] The present application can be best understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures included in the specification. The figures herein are not drawn to scale.

[0013] FIG. 1 depicts a cross-section of an exemplary bio-based hair fiber.

[0014] FIG. 2A depicts exemplary scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of sideviews of (a) exemplary Fiber 1 and (b) exemplary Fiber 2 of the present invention, and commercially available synthetic fiber SF1.

[0015] FIG. 2B depicts SEM images of cross-sectional- views of (a) exemplary Fiber 1 and (b) commercially available synthetic fiber SF1.

[0016] FIG. 3 depicts the closed area of the grooves of exemplary hair fibers having (a) deep-grooved cross-sectional shape and (b) trilobal shape.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following description sets forth exemplary methods, parameters and the like. It should be recognized, however, that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope of the present disclosure but is instead provided as a description of exemplary embodiments.Bio-based Hair Fiber

[0018] In some aspects, provided herein is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0019] In some embodiments, provided herein is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes; and an outer coating associated with the surface of the filament.

[0020] In some embodiments, the terms “fiber” and “filament” are used interchangeably.

[0021] In some embodiments, the terms “coating”, “outer coating”, “finish”, and“finishing” are used interchangeably.

[0022] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a human hair fiber, an animal fiber, a cellulosic fiber, a biobased synthetic fiber, a plant-derived fiber, a regenerative fiber, a microbially or enzymatically produced fiber, a fiber blend, or any combination thereof.

[0023] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is an animal fiber. In some embodiments, the animal fiber comprises wool, down, silk, or any combination thereof.

[0024] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a cellulosic fiber. In some embodiments, the cellulosic fiber comprises viscose, lyocell, modal, cupro or a combination thereof.

[0025] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a plant-derived fiber. In some embodiments, the plant-derived fiber is derived from cellulose, banana, pineapple, phragmites, sisal, cotton, kapok, jute, flax, hemp, ramie, kenaf, abaca, henequen, palm, roselle, sunn, urena, cantala, maguey, phormium, seaweed, akund floss, sugar cane bagasse, fique, bamboo, coir, sunhemp, milkweed floss or floss-silk tree. In some embodiments, the plant-derived fiber is derived from cellulose. In some embodiments, the plant-derived fiber is derived from phragmites.

[0026] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a regenerative fiber. In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber is a synthetic bio-based fiber. In some embodiments, the synthetic bio-based fiber is starch-based, cellulose-based, protein-based, a lipid-derived polymer, genetically modified feedstock-derived, a bio-derived polyethylene, a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), a polyhydroxyurethane, polylactic acid (PLA), poly-3- hydroxybutyrate, or a polyamide.

[0027] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a polymer. In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a biodegradable polymer. In some embodiments, the polymer is biodegradable. In some embodiments, the polymer is cellulose, PHA, PLA or thermoplastic starch (TPS). In some embodiments, the polymer is microbially or enzymatically produced. In some embodiments, the microbially-produced polymer is PHA.

[0028] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a PHA filament.

[0029] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a TPS filament.

[0030] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is a polylactic acid (PLA) filament.

[0031] In some aspects, provided herein is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0032] In some aspects, provided herein is a bio-based hair fiber comprising:a PLA filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0033] In some embodiments, provided herein is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes; and an outer coating associated with the surface of the filament.

[0034] In some embodiments, provided herein is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a PLA filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes; and an outer coating associated with the surface of the filament.

[0035] In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is made from a non-carcinogenic material. In some embodiments, the bio-based filament is substantially made from one or more non-carcinogenic materials. In some embodiments, the bio-based filament comprises no substantial source of toxins. In some embodiments, the bio-based filament comprises substantially no modacrylic fibers, acrylonitrile, and / or vinyl chloride. In some embodiments, the biobased hair fiber, or a plurality thereof, comprises less than 2 ppm (0.002 g / L) acrylonitrile. In some embodiments, the biobased hair fiber, or a plurality thereof, comprises substantially no acrylonitrile. In some embodiments, the biobased hair fiber, or a plurality thereof, comprises less than 1 ppm (0.001 g / L) vinyl chloride. In some embodiments, the biobased hair fiber, or a plurality thereof, comprises substantially no vinyl chloride. In some embodiments, the biobased hair fiber, or a plurality thereof, comprises substantially no modacrylic fibers.

[0036] As used herein, reference to “about” a value or parameter herein includes (and describes) embodiments that are directed to that value or parameter per se. For example, description referring to “about X” includes description of “X”. As used herein, and unless otherwise specified, the terms “about” and “approximately,” when used in connection with amounts, or percents, mean an amount or percent that is recognized by those of ordinary skillin the art to provide an effect equivalent to that obtained from the specified amount or percent.

[0037] In some embodiments, the PLA has an average molecular weight (Mw) of about 5 KDa to about 500 KDa. In some embodiments, the PLA has an average Mw of about 10 to about 250 KDa. In some embodiments, the PLA has a Mw of higher than 5 KDa. In some embodiments, the PLA filament comprises less than about 0.3 parts by weight of lactic acid oligomer to about 100 parts by weight of PLA. In some embodiments, the PLA filament comprises less than about 0.3 parts by weight of lactic acid oligomer with a molecular weight less than 800 Da. In some embodiments, the PLA filament comprises less than about 0.3 parts by weight of lactic acid oligomer with a molecular weight less than 400 Da. In some embodiments, the PLA filament comprises substantially no lactic acid oligomers. In some embodiments, the PLA filament comprises substantially no lactic acid oligomer with a molecular weight less than 800 Da. In some embodiments, the PLA filament comprises substantially no lactic acid oligomer with a molecular weight less than 400 Da.

[0038] In some embodiments, the PLA is substantially poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), poly- D-lactic acid (PDLA), or poly-DL-lactic acid (PDLLA), or a combination thereof.

[0039] In some embodiments, the PLA is blended with one or more additional polymers. In some embodiments, the one or more additional polymers is a biodegradable polymer. In some embodiments, the one or more additional polymers is selected from cellulose, PHA and TPS. In some embodiments, the PLA is co-polymerized with one or more co-polymers.

[0040] In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the filament is a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape. In some embodiments, the deep-grooved cross-sectional shape is described as a filament, or thread-like structure, comprising at least 5 groove-forming lobes along the surface of the filament. In some embodiments, the grooves along the surface of filament are formed by the hollow space between two adjacent lobes. In some embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the filament is a 4DG™ shape.

[0041] In some embodiments, the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes. In such embodiments, the filament may comprise 5 lobes along the surface and 5 hollow grooves or depressions along the surface. In some embodiments, the filament comprises 5-10 lobes along the surface of the filament. In some embodiment, the filament comprises 5, 6, 7,8, 9, or 10 grooves along the surface of the filament. In some embodiment, the filament comprises 8 grooves along the surface of the filament.

[0042] With reference to FIG. 1, exemplary filament 100, having a deep-grooved cross- sectional shape, comprises 8 lobes 110, wherein the hollow spaces between adjacent lobes 110 orm hollow grooves 120.

[0043] In some embodiments, the height of a lobe is indicated by distance 130 between the lowest point of a groove and the highest point of a lobe. In some embodiments, each lobe of the filament is of the same height. In some embodiments, the lobes of the filaments are of varying heights. In some embodiments, the width of a groove is indicated by distance 140 between two adjacent lobes at a specified height along the two lobes. In some embodiments, each groove is of the same width. In some embodiments, each groove is of varying width. In some embodiments, the grooves are of varying width. In some embodiments, the width of each groove is lesser than the height of height of its adjacent lobes.

[0044] In some embodiments provided herein, the depth of a groove is defined by the closed area of the groove. With reference to FIG. 3, the closed area of the grooves of exemplary hair fibers having (a) deep-grooved cross-sectional shape and (b) trilobal shape are shown. FIG. 3 depicts a partial cross-sectional view of exemplary bio-based hair fiber 300 of the present invention, having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, and a partial cross- sectional view of exemplary commonly known hair fiber 301, having a trilobal shape, respectfully. The filaments comprise grooves formed by the hollow spaces between adjacent lobes 310. Closed area 320 represents the enclosed region formed by a groove. The closed area of a groove is measured by the percentage of enclosed area occupying a circumference 330 passing through the highest points 340 of adjacent lobes 310, and a point 350 in the groove which is equidistant between the highest points 350. For exemplary filament 300 of the present invention, having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, closed area 320 encompasses more than 50% of circumference 330. For exemplary commonly known filament 301, having a trilobal shape, closed area 320 encompasses less than 50% of circumference 330. In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber provided herein has one or more grooves having a closed area occupying more than 50% of a circumference passing through the highest points of two adjacent lobes and a point of the groove equidistant between the adjacent lobes. In some embodiments, each groove of the bio-based hair fiberhas a closed area occupying more than 50% of a circumference passing through the highest points of two adjacent lobes and a point of the groove equidistant between the adjacent lobes.

[0045] In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber further comprises an outer coating associated with the surface of the bio-based filament. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises one or more layers. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises one layer. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises more than one layer.

[0046] In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises one or more polymers. In some embodiments, the polymer comprises modacrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyester, acrylonitrile, polyvinyl sulfate, polyvinyl sulfonate, keratin, chitin, chitosan, nylon, siloxane, silicone, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises one or more polymers selected from the group consisting of polyester, acrylonitrile, polyvinyl sulfate, polyvinyl sulfonate, keratin, chitin, chitosan, nylon, or silicone, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises silicone.

[0047] In some embodiments, the outer coating further comprises one or more additives. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises a blend of a polymer and one or more additives. In some embodiments, the one or more additives is selected from one or more emulsifiers and one or more fatty acids. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises a blend of silicon, emulsifiers and fatty acids. In some embodiments, the outer coating is Pulcra® CF3243.

[0048] In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises at least one polymer. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises a blend of at least one polymer and one or more additives. In some embodiments, the additives are selected from one or more emulsifiers, one or more fatty acids, and one or more antistatic agent.

[0049] In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises silicone. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises a blend of silicone, emulsifiers, and fatty acids. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises a blend of silicone, esters, ethoxylated esters, alcohol ethoxylate emulsifiers, and antistatic agents. In some embodiments, the outer coating is Pulcra® CF3243.

[0050] In another variation, the outer coating comprises no silicone. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises a lubricant. In some embodiments, the lubricant comprises no silicone. In some embodiments, the lubricant is an ethoxylated alcohol lubricant. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises a blend of one or more lubricants, one or more humectants, and one or more antistatic agents. In some embodiments, the outer coating is Pulcra® CF3253.

[0051] In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises coconut oil ethoxylates, or castor oil ethoxylates.

[0052] In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises 0.1 % to 1.0 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises 0.1 % to 0.5 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises about 0.3 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises about 0.2 %, about 0.3 %, about 0.4 %, or about 0.6 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises about 0.2 % by weight of the hair fiber.

[0053] In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises 0.1 % to 3.0 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises 0.5 % to 2.5 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises about 0.9 % to 2.2 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises about 0.96 % to 2.01 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises about 0.96 % to 2.01 % by weight of the hair fiber. In some embodiments, the outer coating comprises about 0.1 % to 2.1 % by weight of the hair fiber.

[0054] In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber further comprises one or more additives. In some embodiments, the additive comprises an antioxidant, a nucleator, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, a colorant, a dye, a pigment, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the additive is a colorant, a dye or a pigment. In some embodiments, the biobased hair fiber further comprises one or more additives selected from an antioxidant, a nucleator, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, a colorant, a dye, a pigment, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the additive is a colorant, a dye or a pigment. In some embodiments, the colorant, dye or pigment imparts one or more colors. In some embodiments, the hair fiber is colored. In some embodiments, the color is black, brown, grey, blonde, white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, or pink.

[0055] In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber comprises one or more additives selected from the group consisting of an antioxidant, a nucleator, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, a colorant, a dye, a pigment, and a softener or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the additive reduces brittleness or increases flexibility of the bio-based hair fiber. In some embodiments the additive is a softener. In some embodiments, the softener comprises about 0.1% to about 5.0% of the outer coating. In some embodiments, the softener comprises about 0.1%, about 0.5%, about 1%, about 1.5%, or about 2% of the outer coating. In some embodiments, the softener comprises about 1% of the outer coating.

[0056] In some embodiments, the diameter refers to the average diameter of a plurality of hair fibers. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of at least 40 pm, at least 50 pm, at least 60 pm, at least 70 pm, at least 80 pm or at least 90 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of at least 50 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of at least 60 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of at most 110 pm, at most 100 pm, at most 90 pm or at most 80 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of at most 100 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 40 pm to about 110 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 50 pm to about 100 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 55 pm to about 100 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 60 pm to about 100 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of about 55 pm, about 60 pm, about 65 pm, about 70 pm, about 75 pm, about 77 pm, about 78 pm, about 80 pm, about 85 pm, about 86 pm, about 90 pm, about 95 pm, or about 100 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of about 55 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of about 56 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of about 57 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of about 85 pm. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a diameter of about 86 pm.

[0057] In some embodiments of the bio-based hair fiber provided herein, the linear density refers to the average linear density of a plurality of hair fibers. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of at least 20 dpf, or at least 25 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of at least 20 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of at least 25 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of at most 40 dpf, at most 35 dpf, or at most 30 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of at most 35 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of atmost 40 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 25 dpf to about 35 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of about 25 dpf, about 26 dpf, about 27 dpf, about 28 dpf, about 29 dpf, about 30 dpf, about 31 dpf, about 32 dpf, about 33 dpf, or about 34 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of about 25 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of about 28 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of about 29 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of about 42 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 50 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 25 dpf to about 45 dpf.

[0058] In some embodiments of the bio-based hair fiber provided herein, the 3-point bend refers to the average 3-point bend of a plurality of hair fibers. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of at least 0.10 gf, at least 0.125 gf, at least 0.15 gf, at least 0.175 gf, or at least 0.20 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of at least 0.15 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of at least 0.20 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of at most 0.30 gf, at most 0.325 gf, at most 0.350 gf, at most 0.375 gf, or at most 0.40 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3- point bend of at most 0.35 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of at most 0.40 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.10 gf to about 0.40 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.15 gf to about 0.40 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.15 gf to about 0.35 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3- point bend of about 0.21 gf, about 0.22 gf, about 0.23 gf, about 0.24 gf, about 0.25 gf, about 0.26 gf, about 0.27 gf, about 0.28 gf, about 0.29 gf, about 0.30 gf, about 0.31 gf, about 0.32 gf, or about 0.33 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of about 0.24 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of about 0.25 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of about 0.26 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of about 0.27 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3- point bend of about 0.28 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of about 0.29 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a 3-point bend of about 0.40 gf.

[0059] In some embodiments of the bio-based hair fiber provided herein, the tensile strength of the fiber is defined as load at break. In some embodiments, the tensile strength refers to the average tensile strength of a plurality of hair fibers. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at least 20 gf, at least 25 gf, at least 30 gf or at least 35 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at least 20 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at least 25 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at most 55 gf, at most 50 gf, at most 40 gf or at most 35 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at most 45 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at most 50 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 20 gf to about 50 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 20 gf to about 45 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 25 gf to about 45 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 25 gf to about 40 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 25 gf to about 45 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of about 22 gf, about 23 gf, about 24 gf, about 25 gf, about 26 gf, about 27 gf, about 28 gf, about 29 gf, about 30 gf, about 31 gf, about 32 gf, about 33 gf, about 34 gf, about 35 gf, about 36 gf, about 37 gf, about 38 gf, about 39 gf, about 40 gf, about 41 gf, about 42 gf, about 43 gf, about 44 gf, about 45 gf, or about 46 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of about 25 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of about 30 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of about 31 gf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of about 37 gf.

[0060] In some embodiments of the bio-based hair fiber provided herein, the elongation of the fiber is defined as % elongation at break. In some embodiments, the elongation refers to the average elongation of a plurality of hair fibers. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at least 20 %, at least 25 %, at least 30 %, at least 35 %, or at least 40%. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at least 20 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at least 25 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at most 40 %, at most 45 %, at most 50 %, at most 55 %, at most 60 %, at most 65%, at most 70 %, or at most 75%. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at most 70 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at most 60 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at most 55 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at most 50 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has anelongation ranging from about 20 % to about 60 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to about 50 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 25 % to about 50 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 40 % to about 75 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to about 45 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of about 23 %, about 24 %, about 25 %, about 28 %, about 29 %, about 30 %, about 31 %, about 32 %, about 34 %, about 35 %, about 36 %, about 41 %, about 42 %, or about 43 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of about 41 %, about 42 %, about 43 %, about 44 %, about 45 %, about 48 %, about 49 %, about 52 %, about 53 %, about 54 %, about 58 %, about 59 %, about 71 %, about 72 %, about 74 %, or about 75 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of about 31 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of about 32 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of about 31 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of about 37 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at most 40 %, at most 45 %, at most 50 %, at most 55 %, at most 60 %, at most 65%, at most 70 %, at most 75%, at most 80%. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has an elongation of at most 80%.

[0061] In some embodiment, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at least 25 gf and an elongation between 25 and 50. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at least 20 gf and an elongation between about 41 % and about 75 %. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a tensile strength of at least 33 gf and an elongation between 20 and 45.

[0062] In some embodiments of the bio-based hair fiber provided herein, the static coefficient of friction (COF) refers to the COF of a plurality or bundle of hair fibers. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a static COF of at least 0.10. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a static COF of at most 0.15. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about0.15. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a static COF of about 0.11. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about0.40.

[0063] In some embodiments of the bio-based hair fiber provided herein, the kinetic coefficient of friction (COF) refers to the COF of a plurality or bundle of hair fibers. In some embodiments the bundle of hair fibers has a kinetic COF of at least 0.25. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a kinetic COF of at most 0.35. In someembodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.35. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a kinetic COF of about 0.26. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a kinetic COF of about 0.29. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.40.

[0064] In some embodiments of the bio-based hair fiber provided herein, the combability refers to the combability of a plurality or bundle of hair fibers. In some embodiments the bundle of hair fibers has combability of at least 0.20. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a combability of at most 0.35 N. In some embodiments the bundle of hair fibers has combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a combability of about 0.22. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a combability of about 0.34. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a combability of at most 2.0 N. In some embodiments, the bundle of hair fibers has a combability of at most 3.0 N.

[0065] In some embodiments provided herein, is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes, and wherein at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or all of the following (a)-(h) apply:(a) the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 40 pm to about 110 pm;(b) the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf;(c) the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.10 gf to about 0.40 gf;(d) the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 20 gf to about 50 gf;(e) the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to 60 %;(f) a plurality of the hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.15;(g) a plurality of the hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.35; and / or(h) a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N.

[0066] In some embodiments provided herein, is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes, and whereinat least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or all of the following (a)-(h) apply:(a) the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 40 pm to about 110 pm;(b) the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf;(c) the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.10 gf to about 0.40 gf;(d) the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 20 gf to about 50 gf;(e) the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to 60 %;(f) a plurality of the hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.15;(g) a plurality of the hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.45; and / or(h) a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N.

[0067] In some embodiments provided herein, is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes, and wherein at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or all of the following (a)-(h) apply:(a) the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 60 pm to about 100 pm;(b) the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf;(c) the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.15 gf to about 0.35 gf;(d) the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 25 gf to about 45 gf;(e) the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to 45 %;(f) a plurality of the hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.15;(g) a plurality of the hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.35; and / or(h) a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N.

[0068] In some embodiments provided herein, is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes, and wherein at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, or all of the following (a)-(h) apply:(a) the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 60 |am to about 100 |am;(b) the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf;(c) the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.15 gf to about 0.35 gf;(d) the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 25 gf to about 45 gf;(e) the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to 45 %;(f) a plurality of the hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.15;(g) a plurality of the hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.35; and / or(h) a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 3.0 N.

[0069] In some embodiments provided herein, is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises 5-8 groove-forming lobes, the filament is made of a non-carcinogenic material; the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf; and a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35N.

[0070] In some embodiments provided herein, is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises 5-8 groove-forming lobes, the filament is made of a non-carcinogenic material; the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf; and a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 2 N.

[0071] In some embodiments provided herein, is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament, having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the PLA filament comprises 8 groove-forming lobes; the filament comprises PLA; the filament comprises substantially no modacrylic fibers, acrylonitrile, and / or vinyl chloride; the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf; and a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N.

[0072] In some embodiments provided herein, is a bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament, having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the PLA filament comprises 8 groove-forming lobes; the filament comprises PLA; the filament comprises substantially no modacrylic fibers, acrylonitrile, and / or vinyl chloride; the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf; and a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 2.0 N.In some embodiments, the hair fiber further comprises an outer coating associated with the surface of the bio-based filament, wherein the outer coating comprises a blend of silicon, one or more emulsifier, and one or more fatty acid.

[0073] In certain aspects, provided is a bio-based hair fiber selected from the hair fibers of Table A below. In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber is Fiber 1. In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber is Fiber 2. In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber of the present invention is characterized by one or more of the structural parameters reported in Table A.Table A.

[0074] In certain aspects, provided is a bio-based hair fiber selected from the hair fibers of Table B below. In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber is Fiber 3. In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber is Fiber 4. In some embodiments, the bio-based hair fiber of the present invention is characterized by one or more of the structural parameters reported in Table B.Table B.

[0075] In some variations, the articles of manufacture described herein may include one or more bio-based hair fibers of Table A and / or Table B.Articles of Manufacture

[0076] In some aspects, provided herein is an article of manufacture comprising the biobased hair fibers of the present invention. In some embodiments, the article of manufacture is a hair ornament. In some embodiments, the term “hair ornament” refers to an object, such as a decorative or a functional object, comprising the hair fiber of the present invention. In other embodiments, the “hair ornament” refers to one or more of the hair fibers of the present invention themselves. In such embodiments, the hair fiber may be worn by human or upon an inanimate object, such as a doll or a mannequin.

[0077] In some aspects, provided herein is a hair ornament comprising a bio-based hair fiber, the hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0078] In some aspects, provided herein is a hair ornament comprising a bio-based hair fiber, the hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes; and an outer coating associated with the surface of the filament.

[0079] In some aspects, provided herein is a hair ornament comprising a bio-based hair fiber, the hair fiber comprising: a PLA filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0080] In some aspects, provided herein is a hair ornament comprising a bio-based hair fiber, the hair fiber comprising: a PLA filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes; and an outer coating associated with the surface of the filament.

[0081] In some aspects, the hair ornament is a fiber bundle, a wig, a hairpiece, weaving hair, a hair extension, braiding hair, braided hair, a hair accessory, doll hair, a quick weave, a toupee, a ponytail, wefted hair, a clip-in, or a microlink. In some embodiments, the hair ornament is a hair extension. In some embodiments, the hair ornament is a wig. In some embodiments, the hair ornament is braiding hair. In some embodiments, the hair ornament is a fiber bundle. In some embodiments, a fiber bundle refers to a plurality of hair fibers.

[0082] In some embodiments, the hair ornament comprises two or more bio-based hair fibers. In some embodiments, the hair ornament comprises a blend of at least one bio-based hair fiber and synthetic hair fiber. In some embodiments, the synthetic fiber is non-bio-based. In some embodiments, the synthetic fiber comprises a plastic polymer such as such as acrylic, polyester, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or modacrylic.

[0083] In some aspects, provided herein is a fiber bundle comprising two or more biobased hair bundles of the present invention. In some embodiments, the fiber bundle comprises two or more bio-based hair fibers. In some embodiments, the fiber bundle comprises a blend of at least one bio-based hair fiber and synthetic hair fiber. In some embodiments, the synthetic fiber is non-bio-based. In some embodiments, the synthetic fiber comprises a plastic polymer such as such as acrylic, polyester, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or modacrylic.Methods of Preparing

[0084] In some aspects, provided herein is a method for preparing the bio-based hair fibers of the present invention.

[0085] In some embodiments, the method comprises: a) melt-spinning a composition comprising a bio-based resin; and b) extruding melt-spun fibers through a spinneret having an orifice comprising a deep- grooved cross-sectional shape; to provide a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0086] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: stretching the melt- spun fibers.

[0087] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: stretching the melt-spun fibers in a single draw stage.

[0088] In some embodiments the single draw stage is at a draw ratio of about 3:1. In some embodiments, the draw ratio is about less than or equal to 3:1. In some embodiments, the draw ratio is about less than 3:1. In some embodiments, the draw ratio is of about 2.75:1.

[0089] In some embodiments, the melt spun fibers are extruded at an as-spun denier per filament ranging from about 50 to 60 dpf. In some embodiments, prior to stretching, the melt spun fibers are extruded at an as-spun denier per filament ranging from about 50 to 60 dpf. In some embodiments, the melt spun fibers are extruded at an as spun denier per filament of about 53 dpf, about 54 dpf, about 55 dpf, about 56 dpf, or about 58 dpf.

[0090] In some embodiments, the hair fiber are stretched to a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber are stretched to a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber are stretched to a linear density ranging from about 25 dpf to about 35 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber are stretched to a linear density of about 25 dpf, about 26 dpf, about 27 dpf, about 28 dpf, about 29 dpf, about 30 dpf, about 31 dpf, about 32 dpf, about 33 dpf, or about 34 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber are stretched to a linear density of about 25 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber are stretched to a linear density of about 28 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber are stretched to a linear density of about 29 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of about 29 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density of about 42 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 50 dpf. In some embodiments, the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 25 dpf to about 45 dpf.

[0091] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: coating the bio-based filament with an outer coating.

[0092] In some embodiments, the filament is coated with one layer of the outer coating. In some embodiments, the filament in coated with more than one layer of the outer coating. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with 0.1 % to 2.0 % outer coating: 100 % hair filament, by weight. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with 0.1 % to 1.0 % outercoating: 100 % hair filament, by weight. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with 0.1 % to 0.5 % outer coating: 100 % hair filament, by weight. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with 0.3 % outer coating: 100 % hair filament, by weight. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with 0.3 % outer coating: 99.7 % hair filament, by weight. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with 0.2 % outer coating: 100 % hair filament, by weight. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with 0.2 % outer coating: 99.8 % hair filament, by weight. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with about 1.0 % outer coating: 99.0 % hair filament, by weight. In some embodiments, the filament is coated with about 0.96 % outer coating: 99.04 % hair filament, by weight.

[0093] In some embodiments, the method further comprises: adding one or more additives selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, nucleators, plasticizer, flame retardant, dye, pigment. In some embodiments, the additive is added to the composition comprising the bio-based resin. In some embodiments, the additive is added to the outer coating.

[0094] In some embodiments, the bio-based resin is a PLA resin.

[0095] In some embodiments, the method comprises: a) melt-spinning a composition comprising a PLA resin; and b) extruding melt-spun fibers through a spinneret having an orifice comprising a deep- grooved cross-sectional shape; to provide a PLA filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0096] In some embodiments, the method comprises: a) melt-spinning a composition comprising a PLA resin; b) extruding melt-spun fibers through a spinneret having an orifice comprising a deep- grooved cross-sectional shape; and c) stretching the melt-spun fibers in a single draw stage, to provide a PLA filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes; and d) coating the PLA filament with an outer coating.

[0097] In some embodiments, the method further comprises exposing the bio-based hair filament to one or more heating elements appropriate for imparting a crimp.

[0098] In some aspects, provided herein is an artificial hair fiber produced by any of the methods disclosed herein.ENUMERATED EMBODIMENTS

[0099] Embodiment 1. A bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0100] Embodiment 2. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 1, wherein one or more of the following (a)-(h) apply:(a) the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 40 pm to about 110 pm;(b) the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf;(c) the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.10 gf to about 0.40 gf;(d) the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 20 gf to about 50 gf;(e) the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to 60 %;(f) a plurality of the hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.15;(g) a plurality of the hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.35; and / or(h) a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N.

[0101] Embodiment 3. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 1 or 2, wherein one or more of the following (a)-(h) apply:(a) the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 60 pm to about 100 pm;(b) the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf;(c) the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.15 gf to about 0.35 gf;(d) the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 25 gf to about 45 gf;(e) the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to 45 %;(f) a plurality of the hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.15;(g) a plurality of the hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.35; and / or(h) a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N.

[0102] Embodiment 4. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the bio-based filament is substantially made from one or more non-carcinogenic materials.

[0103] Embodiment 5. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the bio-based filament comprises substantially no modacrylic fibers, acrylonitrile, and / or vinyl chloride.

[0104] Embodiment 6. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the bio-based filament comprises less than about 2 ppm (0.002 g / L) acrylonitrile, and / or less than about 1 ppm (0.001 g / L) vinyl chloride.

[0105] Embodiment 7. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the bio-based filament is human hair fiber, an animal fiber, a cellulosic fiber, a biobased synthetic fiber, a plant-derived fiber, a regenerative fiber, a microbially or enzymatically produced fiber, a fiber blend, or any combination thereof.

[0106] Embodiment 8. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the bio-based filament comprises a biodegradable polymer.

[0107] Embodiment 9. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 8, wherein the biodegradable polymer is cellulose, a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) or a thermoplastic starch (TPS).

[0108] Embodiment 10. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 8 or 9, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

[0109] Embodiment 11. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 9 or 10, wherein the average molecular weight of the PLA is about 5 KDa to about 500 KDa.

[0110] Embodiment 12. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 10 or 11, wherein the hair filament comprises substantially no lactic acid oligomers with a molecular weight less than or equal to 400 Da.

[0111] Embodiment 13. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 10 to 12, comprising a blend of PLA and one or more additional polymers.

[0112] Embodiment 14. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 13, wherein the at least one additional polymer is a biodegradable polymer.

[0113] Embodiment 15. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the filament comprises 5-10 groove forming lobes along the surface of the filament.

[0114] Embodiment 16. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 15, wherein the filament comprises 8 groove forming lobes along the surface of the filament.

[0115] Embodiment 17. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 16, wherein each lobe of the filament is of the same height.

[0116] Embodiment 18. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 16, wherein the lobes of the filaments are of varying heights.

[0117] Embodiment 19. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 18, wherein each groove is of the same width.

[0118] Embodiment 20. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 18, wherein the grooves are of varying width.

[0119] Embodiment 21. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 20, further comprising an outer coating associated with the surface of the bio-based filament.

[0120] Embodiment 22. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 21, wherein the outer coating comprises one or more polymers.

[0121] Embodiment 23. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 21 or 22, wherein the outer coating comprises modacrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyester, acrylonitrile, polyvinyl sulfate, polyvinyl sulfonate, keratin, chitin, chitosan, nylon, siloxane, silicone, or a combination thereof.

[0122] Embodiment 24. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 21 to 23, wherein the outer coating comprises silicon.

[0123] Embodiment 25. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 21 to 24, wherein the outer coating comprises a blend of silicon, one or more emulsifier and one or more fatty acid.

[0124] Embodiment 26. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 21 to 25, wherein the outer coating comprises about 0.1 % to about 1.0 % by weight of the hair fiber.

[0125] Embodiment 27. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 21 to 26, wherein the outer coating comprises about 0.3% by weight of the hair fiber.

[0126] Embodiment 28. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 27, further comprising one or more additives selected from an antioxidant, a nucleator, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, a colorant, a dye, and a pigment, or a combination thereof.

[0127] Embodiment 29. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 28, wherein the additive is a colorant, a dye or a pigment.

[0128] Embodiment 30. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 29, wherein the hair fiber is black, brown, grey, blonde, white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, or pink.

[0129] Embodiment 31. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 1 , comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises 5-8 groove-forming lobes, the filament is made from a non-carcinogenic material; the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf; and a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N.

[0130] Embodiment 32. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 1 or 31, comprising: a bio-based filament, having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the PLA filament comprises 8 groove-forming lobes; the filament comprises PLA; the filament comprises substantially no modacrylic fibers, acrylonitrile, and / or vinyl chloride; the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf; anda plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 N.

[0131] Embodiment 33. The bio-based hair fiber of Embodiment 32, further comprising an outer coating associated with the surface of the bio-based filament, wherein the outer coating comprises a blend of silicon, one or more emulsifier, and one or more fatty acid.

[0132] Embodiment 34. A hair ornament comprising one or more of the bio-based hair fibers of any one of Embodiments 1 to 33.

[0133] Embodiment 35. The hair ornament of Embodiment 34, wherein the hair ornament is a fiber bundle, a wig, a hairpiece, weaving hair, a hair extension, braiding hair, braided hair, a hair accessory, doll hair, a quick weave, a toupee, a ponytail, wefted hair, a clip-in, or a microlink.

[0134] Embodiment 36. The hair ornament of Embodiment 34 or 35, wherein the hair ornament is a wig.

[0135] Embodiment 37. The hair ornament of Embodiment 34 or 36, wherein the hair ornament is braiding hair.

[0136] Embodiment 38. The hair ornament of any one of Embodiments 34 to 37, comprising: one or more of the bio-based hair fibers, and one or more additional fiber selected from a human hair fiber or a synthetic hair fiber.

[0137] Embodiment 39. The hair ornament of Embodiment 38, wherein the synthetic fiber comprises a plastic.

[0138] Embodiment 40. The hair ornament of Embodiment 39, wherein the plastic comprises acrylic, polyester, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or modacrylic.

[0139] Embodiment 41. A method of producing an artificial hair fiber of any one of Embodiments 1 to 33, the method comprising: a) melt-spinning a composition comprising a bio-based resin; andb) extruding melt-spun fibers through a spinneret having an orifice comprising a deep- grooved cross-sectional shape; to provide a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

[0140] Embodiment 42. The method of Embodiment 41, further comprising: stretching the melt-spun fibers.

[0141] Embodiment 43. The method of Embodiment 42, wherein the melt-spun fibers are stretched in a single draw stage.

[0142] Embodiment 44. The method of Embodiment 43, wherein the single draw stage is at a ratio of about less than, or equal to 3:1.

[0143] Embodiment 45. The method of Embodiment 43 or 44, wherein the single draw stage is at a ratio of about 2.75:1.

[0144] Embodiment 46. The method of any one of Embodiments 41 to 45, wherein the melt-spun fibers are stretched to a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf.

[0145] Embodiment 47. The method of any one of Embodiments 41 to 46, further comprising: coating the bio-based filament with an outer coating.

[0146] Embodiment 48. The method of any one of Embodiments 41 to 47, further comprising: adding one or more additives selected from an antioxidant, a nucleator, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, a colorant, a dye, and a pigment, or a combination thereof.

[0147] Embodiment 49. The method of Embodiment 48, wherein the additive is added to the composition comprising the bio-based resin.

[0148] Embodiment 50. The method of Embodiment 48, wherein the method further comprises coating the bio-based filament with an outer coating, and wherein the additive is added to the outer coating.

[0149] Embodiment 51. An artificial hair fiber produced by the method of any one of Embodiments 41 to 50.EXAMPLES

[0150] The following Examples are merely illustrative and are not meant to limit any aspects of the present disclosure in any way.Example 1 Processing of Hair Fibers

[0151] Thermoplastic fiber-grade PLA resin (NatureWorks Ingeo™ Biopolymer 6100D) was placed into an extruder (Fiber Innovation Technologies) and melt extruded through a spinneret (die) having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape (4DG™, Fiber Innovation Technologies). Fibers extruded through the 4DG™ die were drawn at a draw ratio of 2.75: 1 to obtain a PLA hair fiber of desired diameter per filament (dpf) in a single draw stage. The PLA hair fiber was then quenched. For coated fibers, a fiber finish such as a silicone blend (e.g. Pulcra® CF3243) was then applied. The PLA hair fibers were dried at 90 °C. A continuous stream of hair fibers were then collected together such that the total filaments reached a count of approximately 25,000. They were then cut to a desired length and packaged.

[0152] The process specifications for exemplary fibers of the present invention are disclosed in Table 1 below.Table 1.Example 2Characterization and Benchmark Testing of Hair Fibers

[0153] Benchmark testing was performed following methods set forth by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for exemplary fibers of the present application.Specific Gravity

[0154] Specific gravity was measured according to ASTM D792. The test method included the determination of the specific gravity (relative density) (g / cm3) and density of the hair fiber. High-precision scales were used to weigh the hair fiber samples for precise density determination of the exemplary hair fibers.Relative Viscosity

[0155] Relative viscosity was measured according to ASTM D5225. A differential or modified differential viscometer was used to determine the solution viscosity of polymers of the exemplary hair fibers.Melt Index & Density

[0156] Melt index and melt density were measured according to ASTM DI 238. Melt Flow Index (MFI) (g / 10 min) was determined at 210 °C and melt density (g / cm3) was determined at 230 °C for the exemplary hair fibers.Glass Transition Temperature

[0157] Glass transition temperature was measured according to ASTM D3417. The heat of fusion and heat of crystallization (°C) of the exemplary hair fibers were determined by differential scanning calorimetry.Crystalline Melt Temperature

[0158] Crystalline melt temperature was measured according to ASTM D3418. The transition temperatures (°C) of the exemplary hair fibers were measured by differential scanning calorimetry.

[0159] The characterization and benchmark test results for exemplary fibers of the present invention are disclosed in Table 2 below.Table 2.Example 3 Product Specifications of Hair Fibers

[0160] Product specifications of exemplary fibers of the present application, and commercially available synthetic fibers (FreeTress Braid 301 Style#: 3X Shake-N-Go: Natural Texture Black, SF 1), were evaluated following methods described below and set forth by American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC), and Vartest Laboratories.Diameter per Filament and Linear Density

[0161] Diameter per filament (pm) and linear density (dpf) was measured via AATCC 500X microscope. Textile examination microscopes for AATCC 20 and AATCC 20A textile examination methods utilizing polarized light with magnification of 100x-500x were used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the hair fibers. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of side-views of (a) exemplary Fiber 1 having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape and a finishing coating, (b) exemplary Fiber 2 having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape with no finishing coating, and commercially available synthetic fiber SF1, are shown in FIG. 2A. SEM images of cross-sectional- views of (a) exemplary Fiber 1 having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape (outlined by dashed line) and (b) commercially available synthetic fiber SF1 having a blend of C-shaped (outlined by dashed line) and H-shaped (outlined by dotted line) fibers, are shown in FIG. 2B.Three-Point Bend

[0162] 3-point bend (gf) was measured according to ASTM D790. The flexural properties of each hair fiber while under a bending strain or deflection was measured. The test was conducted on a universal testing system using a three-point bend fixture at a rate proportional to the depth of the hair fiber, wherein speed = 2.7 mm / min and span = 3 mm.Tensile Strength and Elongation

[0163] Tensile strength (gf) and % elongation were measured according to ASTM D3822. Tensile and elongation properties of hair fibers of sufficient length to permit mounting into a tensile testing machine.Coefficient of Friction

[0164] Static and Kinetic Coefficient of Friction (COF) of bundles of each of the hair fibers was measured according to ASTM DI 894.Combability

[0165] The combability of bundles of each of the hair fibers was measured according to Vartest 293. Resistance force to combing was tested using a 10 teeth per inch comb.

[0166] The product specifications for exemplary fibers of the present invention, and commercially available synthetic fibers are disclosed in Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 below.Table 3.1

[0167] In conclusion, it is surprising that the deep-grooved single fiber cross section can achieve better performance in critical hair properties like combing (combing force), feel smoother (kinetic friction), and be more pliable and softer (3 point bend) while maintaining hair strength (tensile properties). In many cases properties are better than the current art.Example 4Comparative Study on Performance of Bio-based Hair Fibers

[0168] Exemplary bio-based hair fibers each comprising a PLA filament were prepared by the methods described herein and subsequently evaluated for performance characteristics including the following indicators:A. Combability - ability to comb through a fiber bundle (from center to ends of hair fibers) without excessive tangling or breaking of the hair fibers;B. Workability - ability to braid a fiber bundle without excessive tangling or breaking of the hair fibers; andC. Visual Appearance - visual similarity of hair fibers to natural human hair fibers, including, e.g. structural integrity and / or shine.

[0169] Results of the comparative study are disclosed in Table 4 below.Table 4.- indicates unacceptable performance= indicates minimally acceptable performance+ indicates acceptable performance

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A bio-based hair fiber comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

2. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 1, wherein one or more of the following (a)-(h) apply:(a) the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 40 pm to about 110 pm;(b) the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 50 dpf;(c) the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.10 gf to about 0.40 gf;(d) the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 20 gf to about 50 gf;(e) the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to 80 %;(f) a plurality of the hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.10 to about 0.40;(g) a plurality of the hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.40; and / or(h) a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 3.0 N.

3. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 1 or 2, wherein one or more of the following (a)-(h) apply:(a) the hair fiber has a diameter ranging from about 60 pm to about 100 pm;(b) the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 45 dpf;(c) the hair fiber has a 3-point bend ranging from about 0.15 gf to about 0.35 gf;(d) the hair fiber has a tensile strength ranging from about 25 gf to about 45 gf;(e) the hair fiber has an elongation ranging from about 20 % to 75 %;(f) a plurality of the hair fibers has a static COF ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.40;(g) a plurality of the hair fibers has a kinetic COF ranging from about 0.25 to about 0.40; and / or(h) a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 2.0 N.

4. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the bio-based filament is substantially made from one or more non-carcinogenic materials.

5. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bio-based filament comprises substantially no modacrylic fibers, acrylonitrile, and / or vinyl chloride.

6. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the bio-based filament comprises less than about 2 ppm (0.002 g / L) acrylonitrile, and / or less than about 1 ppm (0.001 g / L) vinyl chloride.

7. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the bio-based filament is human hair fiber, an animal fiber, a cellulosic fiber, a biobased synthetic fiber, a plant- derived fiber, a regenerative fiber, a microbially or enzymatically produced fiber, a fiber blend, or any combination thereof.

8. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the bio-based filament comprises a biodegradable polymer.

9. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 8, wherein the biodegradable polymer is cellulose, a polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), polylactic acid (PLA) or a thermoplastic starch (TPS).

10. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 8 or 9, wherein the biodegradable polymer is PLA.

11. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 9 or 10, wherein the average molecular weight of the PLA is about 5 KDa to about 500 KDa.

12. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 10 or 11, wherein the hair filament comprises substantially no lactic acid oligomers with a molecular weight less than or equal to 400 Da.

13. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 10 to 12, comprising a blend of PLA and one or more additional polymers.

14. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 13, wherein the at least one additional polymer is a biodegradable polymer.

15. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the filament comprises 5-10 groove forming lobes along the surface of the filament.

16. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the filament comprises 8 groove forming lobes along the surface of the filament.

17. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein each lobe of the filament is of the same height.

18. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 16, wherein the lobes of the filaments are of varying heights.

19. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein each groove is of the same width.

20. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the grooves are of varying width.

21. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 20, wherein each groove has a closed area occupying more than 50% of a circumference passing through the highest points of two adjacent lobes and a point of each groove equidistant between the adjacent lobes.

22. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 21, further comprising an outer coating associated with the surface of the bio-based filament.

23. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 22, wherein the outer coating comprises one or more polymers.

24. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 22 or 23, wherein the outer coating comprises modacrylic, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyester, acrylonitrile, polyvinyl sulfate, polyvinyl sulfonate, keratin, chitin, chitosan, nylon, siloxane, silicone, or a combination thereof.

25. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 22 to 24, wherein the outer coating comprises silicone.

26. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the outer coating comprises a blend of silicone, one or more emulsifier and one or more fatty acid.

27. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 22, wherein the outer coating comprises no silicone.

28. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 22 or 27, wherein the outer coating comprises a lubricant.

29. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 22, 27, or 28, wherein the outer coating comprises an ethoxylated alcohol lubricant.

30. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 22 and 27 to 29, wherein the outer coating comprises a blend of an ethoxylated alcohol lubricant, one or more humectants, and one or more antistatic agents.

31. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 22 to 30, wherein the outer coating comprises 0.5 % to 2.5 % by weight of the hair fiber.

32. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 22 to 31, wherein the outer coating comprises about 0.1 % to about 1.0 % by weight of the hair fiber.

33. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 22 to 32, wherein the outer coating comprises about 0.3% by weight of the hair fiber.

34. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 33, further comprising one or more additives selected from an antioxidant, a nucleator, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, a colorant, a dye, a pigment, and a softener, or a combination thereof.

35. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 34, wherein the one or more additives comprises a softener.

36. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 35, wherein the softener comprises about 1% of the outer coating.

37. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 34, wherein the one or more additives comprises a colorant, a dye or a pigment.

38. The bio-based hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 37, wherein the hair fiber is black, brown, grey, blonde, white, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, or pink.

39. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 1, comprising: a bio-based filament having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises 5-8 groove-forming lobes,the filament is made from a non-carcinogenic material; the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf; and a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.40 lbs.

40. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 1 or 39, comprising: a bio-based filament, having a deep-grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the bio-based filament comprises 8 groove- forming lobes; the filament comprises PLA; the filament comprises substantially no modacrylic fibers, acrylonitrile, and / or vinyl chloride; the hair fiber has a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 35 dpf; and a plurality of the hair fibers has a combability ranging from about 0.20 to about 0.35 lbs.

41. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 40, further comprising an outer coating associated with the surface of the bio-based filament, wherein the outer coating comprises a blend of silicone, one or more emulsifier, and one or more fatty acid.

42. The bio-based hair fiber of claim 40, further comprising an outer coating associated with the surface of the bio-based filament, wherein the outer coating comprises a blend of one or more lubricants, one or more humectants, and one or more antistatic agents.

43. A hair ornament comprising one or more of the bio-based hair fibers of any one of claims 1 to 42.

44. The hair ornament of claim 43, wherein the hair ornament is a fiber bundle, a wig, a hairpiece, weaving hair, a hair extension, braiding hair, braided hair, a hair accessory, doll hair, a quick weave, a toupee, a ponytail, wefted hair, a clip-in, or a microlink.

45. The hair ornament of claim 43 or 44, wherein the hair ornament is a wig.

46. The hair ornament of claim 43 or 44, wherein the hair ornament is braiding hair.

47. The hair ornament of any one of claims 43 to 46, comprising: one or more of the bio-based hair fibers, and one or more additional fiber selected from a human hair fiber or a synthetic hair fiber.

48. The hair ornament of claim 47, wherein the synthetic fiber comprises a plastic.

49. The hair ornament of claim 48, wherein the plastic comprises acrylic, polyester, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or modacrylic.

50. A method of producing an artificial hair fiber of any one of claims 1 to 42, the method comprising: a) melt-spinning a composition comprising a bio-based resin; and b) extruding melt-spun fibers through a spinneret having an orifice comprising a deep- grooved cross-sectional shape; to provide a bio-based filament having a deep grooved cross-sectional shape, wherein the surface of the filament comprises at least 5 groove-forming lobes.

51. The method of claim 50, further comprising: stretching the melt-spun fibers.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein the melt-spun fibers are stretched in a single draw stage.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein the single draw stage is at a ratio of about less than, or equal to 3:1.

54. The method of claim 52 or 53, wherein the single draw stage is at a ratio of about 2.75:1.

55. The method of any one of claims 50 to 54, wherein the melt-spun fibers are stretched to a linear density ranging from about 20 dpf to about 40 dpf.

56. The method of any one of claims 50 to 55, further comprising: coating the bio-based filament with an outer coating.

57. The method of any one of claims 50 to 56, further comprising: adding one or more additives selected from an antioxidant, a nucleator, a plasticizer, a flame retardant, a colorant, a dye, a pigment, and a softener, or a combination thereof.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein the additive is added to the composition comprising the bio-based resin.

59. The method of claim 57, wherein the method further comprises coating the bio-based filament with an outer coating, and wherein the additive is added to the outer coating.

60. An artificial hair fiber produced by the method of any one of claims 50 to 59.

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