Dietary fiber microsphere for relaxing bowels to relieve constipation and preparation method therefor

Abstract

A dietary fiber microsphere for relaxing bowels to relieve constipation and a preparation method therefor. The preparation method comprises: step 1, extracting burdock root dietary fiber; step 2, preparing modified burdock root dietary fiber; and step 3, using the modified burdock root dietary fiber to prepare a suspension, uniformly mixing the suspension with sodium alginate and lecithin and then leaving the mixture standing, and by using an anhydrous calcium chloride solution as a receiving solution, preparing dietary fiber microspheres by means of a high-voltage electrospinning instrument.

Description

A kind of intestinal laxative dietary fiber microsphere and preparation method thereof Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of food processing, and more particularly to a kind of intestinal moistening and laxative dietary fiber microsphere and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Dietary fiber has the function of preventing constipation and removing toxins from the body. Dietary fiber can be divided into soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber according to its water solubility. Among them, insoluble dietary fiber has good water-holding capacity and swelling capacity, and has the function of increasing stool volume, expanding the intestinal cavity, and increasing intestinal osmotic pressure; soluble dietary fiber has a prebiotic effect on intestinal flora, and the secondary metabolites produced can stimulate the release of intestinal hormones and promote intestinal movement. At present, drug intervention is the main means of regulating constipation. Although commonly used anti-constipation drugs have obvious effects, they are not suitable for long-term use. Therefore, it is of great significance to use natural functional factors such as dietary fiber to develop functional foods that are oriented towards moisturizing the intestines and promoting bowel movements.

[0003] Burdock root, the primary edible part of burdock, contains approximately 25% dietary fiber by weight, significantly higher than quinoa, which only contains 13% dietary fiber. Traditional preparations of laxative dietary fiber and its products typically rely on either compounding raw materials or simply extracting dietary fiber, often focusing on the fiber extraction rate. For example, Quan Zhenyu et al., in "A High-Dietary Fiber Sprouted Quinoa Biscuit and Its Preparation Method," used a simple process to germinate quinoa to increase its dietary fiber content, thereby producing laxative quinoa biscuits. Yu Lina et al., in "A Method for Ultrasonic or Microwave-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Peanut Dietary Fiber," used ultrasonic or microwave treatment to obtain insoluble dietary fiber. The resulting water-soluble dietary fiber product contained 50% to 90% non-starch polysaccharides and had an insoluble dietary fiber purity of 80% to 95%. Furthermore, insoluble dietary fiber alone can easily cause gastrointestinal problems such as bloating, while soluble dietary fiber alone can induce irritable bowel syndrome. According to the recommendations of the US FDA, the daily dietary fiber intake is 20 to 35 grams, and insoluble fiber should account for 70 to 75% and soluble fiber should account for 25 to 30%.

[0004] Currently, research on the functional properties of dietary fiber in improving constipation is limited. Accelerating gastric emptying, enhancing intestinal motility, and maintaining high colonic osmotic pressure are key to improving constipation. Therefore, given that dietary fiber is unable to achieve the desired effect in regulating constipation, developing green processing technologies that maintain dietary fiber homeostasis in the stomach, specifically enhance its distending effect in the small intestine, and increase osmotic pressure in the colon are essential for the application of dietary fiber with laxative properties.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing intestinal moisturizing and laxative-oriented dietary fiber microspheres, which has simple steps and is easy to operate. The prepared dietary fiber microspheres have gastrointestinal physiological pH response characteristics, can maintain their properties in the stomach, fully exert their expansion characteristics in the small intestine, maintain high water retention in the colon, target the gastrointestinal action sites, accurately regulate intestinal function, and enhance the effect of moisturizing and laxative.

[0008] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages of the present invention, the preparation method of dietary fiber microspheres of the present invention comprises the following steps: Step 1, extracting burdock root dietary fiber

[0009] Fresh one-year-old burdock roots with a maximum diameter of 4 to 6 cm are selected, washed, vacuum freeze-dried, and ultrafinely ground into burdock root powder with a particle size of 25 to 35 μm; after ethanol defatting, enzymatic hydrolysis with α-amylase, saccharifying enzyme, and papain, the precipitate is collected, vacuum freeze-dried, and passed through a 600-mesh sieve to obtain burdock root dietary fiber;

[0010] Step 2: Preparation of modified burdock root dietary fiber

[0011] treating the burdock root dietary fiber prepared in step 1 with alkaline hydrogen peroxide to obtain primary modified burdock root dietary fiber; mixing the primary modified burdock root dietary fiber powder with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, ultrasonicating at 200W for 50 minutes, centrifuging for 8 minutes to remove the supernatant, and drying the obtained precipitate at 40°C to obtain modified burdock root dietary fiber;

[0012] Step 3: Preparation of dietary fiber microspheres

[0013] The modified burdock root dietary fiber prepared in step 2 is taken, mixed with sodium alginate with a mass concentration of 0.2% to 0.4%, and lecithin with a mass concentration of 0.1% to 0.4% is added. The dispersed phase is stirred evenly and allowed to stand. An anhydrous calcium chloride solution with a mass volume ratio of 3% is used as a receiving liquid. The high-voltage electrospinning instrument voltage is set to 10.00 kV, the needle is 3 cm away from the liquid surface, and the dietary fiber dispersed phase is uniformly dripped into the calcium chloride solution. The mixture is allowed to stand for 4 hours, filtered out, and excess calcium chloride solution is washed away. The dietary fiber microspheres are obtained after freeze-drying.

[0014] Preferably, the burdock root dietary fiber extraction specifically comprises:

[0015] a: Selection of burdock root materials: Fresh one-year-old burdock roots with a maximum diameter of 4 to 6 cm, with necrotic parts removed.

[0016] b: Extraction sample pretreatment: The burdock root was washed and then freeze-dried in vacuum, ultrafinely ground to a particle size of about 30 μm, and passed through a 600-mesh sieve to obtain burdock root fine powder.

[0017] c: Add 80% ethanol (v / v) to the prepared burdock root powder, mix evenly with stirring at a mass ratio of 1:5, centrifuge at 5000g for 10 minutes, remove the supernatant, repeat twice, remove the supernatant, and then perform vacuum freeze-drying to obtain defatted burdock root powder.

[0018] d: The defatted burdock root powder was mixed with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, the pH was adjusted to 6.0, 0.6% (w / w, burdock powder mass) low-temperature α-amylase was added, and the mixture was shaken in a water bath at 60°C for 40 min; the pH was adjusted to 4.5, shaken in a water bath at 60°C, 1% (w / w, defatted burdock root powder mass) saccharifying enzyme was added, and the mixture was shaken in a water bath at 60°C for 40 min, and the enzyme was inactivated in water at 100°C for 5 min. The pH was adjusted to 6.0, 4.0% (w / w, defatted burdock root powder mass) of papain was added, and the mixture was hydrolyzed at 50°C for 60 min, and then the enzyme was inactivated at 100°C for 5 min; 4 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol was added to the hydrolyzate (including the precipitate), and the mixture was precipitated at 4°C overnight, centrifuged at 5000g for 10 min, and the precipitate was collected, and the reaction was repeated twice; the precipitate was washed with anhydrous ethanol, and the precipitate was collected by centrifugation, and the reaction was repeated twice. The burdock root dietary fiber was obtained by vacuum freeze-drying and passing through a 600-mesh sieve.

[0019] Preferably, the preparation of the modified burdock root dietary fiber specifically comprises:

[0020] a: Alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated burdock root dietary fiber. The burdock root dietary fiber powder prepared in step 1 was uniformly mixed with a 5% (w / v) hydrogen peroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. The pH was adjusted to 10-12 with sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was stirred in a 60°C water bath for 1 hour. The pH was then adjusted to neutral. Four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were added, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 4°C for 4 hours. The supernatant was removed by centrifugation at 5000g for 8 minutes, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was dried at 40°C to obtain alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated burdock root dietary fiber.

[0021] b: Ultrasonic treatment of burdock root dietary fiber. The modified burdock root dietary fiber powder from step a was mixed at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. The suspension was ultrasonicated in an ultrasonicator at 200-300W for 40-50 minutes. Four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were added, and the suspension was allowed to stand at 4°C for 4 hours. The suspension was centrifuged at 5000g for 8 minutes, and the supernatant was removed. The precipitate was dried at 40°C to obtain alkaline hydrogen peroxide-ultrasonicated burdock root dietary fiber.

[0022] Preferably, the preparation of dietary fiber microspheres specifically includes:

[0023] The burdock root dietary fiber prepared in step 2 is taken and prepared into a uniform suspension at a mass concentration of 1% to 2%. The suspension is then stirred and evenly mixed with sodium alginate at a mass concentration of 0.2% to 0.4%. Lecithin at a mass concentration of 0.1% to 0.4% is added, stirred and allowed to stand, and the resulting mixed solution is used as a dispersed phase. A 3% (w / v) anhydrous calcium chloride solution is used as a receiving solution. A high-voltage electrospinning instrument voltage of 10.00 kV is set, with the needle 3 cm away from the liquid surface. The dietary fiber dispersed phase is uniformly dripped into the calcium chloride solution, allowed to stand for 4 hours, filtered and removed, and after washing away excess calcium chloride solution, the dietary fiber microspheres (BDLPM) are obtained after freeze-drying.

[0024] The present invention also provides dietary fiber microspheres made from modified burdock root dietary fiber treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide and ultrasound. The dietary fiber microspheres have physiological pH response characteristics, high dietary fiber content, and the advantages of moisturizing the intestines and promoting bowel movements.

[0025] The advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] 1. The present invention applies food biotechnology to the development of refined burdock products. Burdock is a plant with both medicinal and edible properties. It has a high dietary fiber content, high food safety, low price, and a stable source. The preparation method of the dietary fiber microspheres is simple and easy to industrialize.

[0027] 2. The dietary fiber microspheres prepared by the present invention are green, efficient and have high swelling power and water holding capacity.

[0028] 3. Based on the physiological pH specificity of the gastrointestinal tract, the present invention develops dietary fiber microspheres with physiological pH response characteristics, which can maintain their properties in the stomach, fully exert their expansion characteristics in the small intestine, maintain high water retention in the colon, target the gastrointestinal action sites, accurately regulate intestinal function, and enhance the effect of moisturizing the intestine and promoting bowel movements. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG1 is a microscopic morphology of the dietary fiber microspheres of the present invention;

[0030] FIG2 is a comparison of the swelling forces of the modified burdock root dietary fiber of the present invention and that of the fiber before modification;

[0031] FIG3 is a comparison of the water holding capacity of the modified burdock root dietary fiber of the present invention and that of the fiber before modification;

[0032] FIG4 is a comparison of the swelling forces of modified burdock root dietary fiber and dietary fiber microspheres in an in vitro digestion simulation in one embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] FIG5 is a comparison of the water holding capacity of modified burdock root dietary fiber and dietary fiber microspheres in an in vitro digestion simulation according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] FIG6 shows the feces morphology of rats in each group in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0035] FIG7 shows the number of feces pellets of rats in each group in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0036] FIG8 shows the feces mass of rats in each group in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0037] FIG9 shows the feces water content of each group of rats in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0038] FIG10 shows the intestinal propulsion rate of each group of rats in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0039] FIG11 shows the phenol red advancement of rats in each group in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0040] FIG12 shows the intestinal morphology and barrier integrity of rats in each group in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0041] FIG13 shows the gastrin (Gas) content in the blood of rats in each group in Example 6 of the present invention;

[0042] FIG. 14 shows the motilin (MTL) levels in the blood of rats in each group in Example 6 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0044] It should be understood that terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not preclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0045] As shown in FIG1 , the intestinal moistening and laxative dietary fiber microspheres of the present invention have uniform shape and are almost uniform in size.

[0046] The preparation method of the intestinal laxative dietary fiber microspheres of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0047] S1. Select fresh one-year-old burdock roots with a maximum diameter of 4 to 6 cm and remove the necrotic part.

[0048] S2. Washing the burdock root, performing vacuum freeze-drying, ultrafine grinding to a particle size of about 30 μm, and passing through a 600-mesh sieve to obtain burdock root fine powder.

[0049] S3. Add 80% ethanol (v / v) to the prepared burdock root powder, mix evenly with stirring at a mass ratio of 1:5, centrifuge at 5000g for 10 minutes, remove the supernatant, repeat twice, remove the supernatant, and perform vacuum freeze-drying to obtain defatted burdock root powder.

[0050] S4. The defatted burdock root powder was mixed with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, the pH was adjusted to 6.0, 0.6% (w / w, burdock powder mass) of low-temperature α-amylase was added, and the mixture was shaken in a water bath at 60°C for 40 min; the pH was adjusted to 4.5, and the mixture was shaken in a water bath at 60°C, 1% (w / w, defatted burdock root powder mass) of saccharifying enzyme was added, and the mixture was shaken in a water bath at 60°C for 40 min, and the enzyme was inactivated in water at 100°C for 5 min. The pH was adjusted to 6.0, 4.0% (w / w, defatted burdock root powder mass) of papain was added, and the mixture was hydrolyzed at 50°C for 60 min, and then the enzyme was inactivated at 100°C for 5 min; 4 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol was added to the hydrolyzate (including the precipitate), and the mixture was precipitated at 4°C overnight, centrifuged at 5000g for 10 min, and the precipitate was collected, and the reaction was repeated twice; the precipitate was washed with anhydrous ethanol, and the precipitate was collected by centrifugation, and the reaction was repeated twice. The burdock root dietary fiber (DF) was obtained by vacuum freeze-drying and passing through a 600-mesh sieve.

[0051] S5. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment of burdock root dietary fiber. The burdock root dietary fiber powder prepared in S4 was uniformly mixed with a 5% (w / v) hydrogen peroxide solution at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. The pH was adjusted to 11 with sodium hydroxide solution. The mixture was stirred in a 60°C water bath for 1 hour. The pH was then adjusted to neutral. Four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were added, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 4°C for 4 hours. The supernatant was removed by centrifugation at 5000g for 8 minutes, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was dried at 40°C to obtain primary modified burdock root dietary fiber (A-DF).

[0052] S6. Ultrasonic treatment of burdock root dietary fiber. The modified burdock root dietary fiber powder prepared in step S5 was mixed with the modified burdock root dietary fiber powder at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20. The suspension was ultrasonicated in an ultrasonicator at 200W for 50 minutes. Four volumes of anhydrous ethanol were added, and the mixture was allowed to stand at 4°C for 4 hours. The supernatant was removed by centrifugation at 5000g for 8 minutes. The precipitate was dried at 40°C to obtain modified burdock root dietary fiber (AU-DF).

[0053] S8. Preparation of dietary fiber microspheres

[0054] 5 mg of modified burdock root dietary fiber was prepared into a 1.6% suspension. The suspension was then mixed with 0.4% sodium alginate, and 0.2% lecithin was added. The mixture was stirred and allowed to stand for use as the dispersed phase. A 3% (w / v) anhydrous calcium chloride solution was used as the receiving solution. A high-voltage electrospinning instrument was set at 10.00 kV, with the needle 3 cm from the liquid surface. The dietary fiber dispersed phase was uniformly dripped into the calcium chloride solution. The solution was allowed to stand for 4 hours, filtered, and the excess calcium chloride solution was washed off. The resulting DSPM was then freeze-dried to obtain the resulting product.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The burdock root dietary fiber (DF) prepared in step S4 is used to prepare burdock root dietary fiber treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide (A-DF) using the method of step S5.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The burdock root dietary fiber (A-DF) treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide is used to prepare modified burdock root dietary fiber (AU-DF) using the method of step S6.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] The burdock root dietary fiber (DF) prepared in step S4 is used to prepare ultrasonically modified burdock root dietary fiber (U-DF) using the method described in step S6.

[0061] Example 4

[0062] The ultrasonically modified burdock root dietary fiber (U-DF) was taken and the method of step S5 was used to prepare ultrasonically treated and alkaline hydrogen peroxide treated burdock root dietary fiber (UA-DF).

[0063] The burdock root dietary fiber (DF), ultrasonically modified burdock root dietary fiber (U-DF), alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated burdock root dietary fiber (A-DF), ultrasonically treated and then alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated burdock root dietary fiber (UA-DF), and modified burdock root dietary fiber (AU-DF) described in the above examples were tested for their swelling capacity and water-holding capacity. The results are shown in Figures 2 and 3. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, both ultrasound and hydrogen peroxide were effective in modifying the swelling capacity of the burdock root dietary fiber, with the best effect achieved by first treating with alkaline hydrogen peroxide and then ultrasound.

[0064] Example 5. pH response process of simulated dietary fiber microspheres in vitro

[0065] Preparation of simulated gastric fluid (pH = 2.0): Sample (10 mL) was mixed with 10 mL of SGF containing 3.2 mg / mL pepsin and heated to 37°C for 5 min. The mixture was adjusted to pH 2.5 and stirred continuously (100 rpm) for 2 h in a stirrer at 37°C to simulate gastric conditions.

[0066] Preparation of simulated small intestinal fluid (pH = 6.8): The pH of the mixture was quickly adjusted to 7.0 with 2M NaOH solution, then mixed with 1.5mL of SIF and 3.5mL of bile salt solution (54mg / mL) while stirring continuously. After quickly adjusting the pH back to 7.0 with 1M NaOH solution, 2.5mL of lipase solution (24mg / mL) was added. The mixture was then placed in a stirrer at 37°C and stirred continuously (100 rpm) for 2 hours, during which time the pH of the mixture was continuously adjusted with 0.3M NaOH to maintain the pH of the mixture at 7.0.

[0067] Preparation of simulated colonic fluid (pH = 8.0): Take peptone (0.75 g / L), sodium chloride (12.5 g / L), sodium taurocholate (1.6 g / L), pancreatic enzyme (0.9 g / L), mucin (3 g / L) and L-cysteine ​​(0.37 g / L), weigh each of the above substances and prepare them with ultrapure water, and then adjust the pH value to 8.0 with 2 M NaOH.

[0068] The expansion of the burdock root dietary fiber (DF), the modified burdock root dietary fiber (AU-DF) and the dietary fiber microspheres (DSPM) of the present invention in different in vitro digestion simulation fluids and the water holding capacity in the colon simulation fluid were observed, and the microscopic expansion process was recorded with a microscope. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the expansion capacity of the burdock dietary fiber microspheres in the small intestine simulation fluid can reach 15.1 ml / g, and the water holding capacity in the colon can reach 8.2 g / g, both of which are higher than that of the burdock root dietary fiber. In addition, the morphology of the prepared dietary fiber microspheres remained basically unchanged within 2 hours in the gastric simulation fluid, the expansion capacity increased significantly after 2 hours in the small intestine simulation fluid, and the expansion capacity decreased after 2 hours in the colon simulation fluid due to structural destruction, but the water holding capacity remained the best, and it had pH response characteristics overall. The burdock root dietary fiber (DF) is not easy to maintain its properties in simulated gastric fluid and has almost no pH responsiveness.

[0069] Example 6: Detecting the laxative effect of the dietary fiber microspheres of the present invention on constipated rats, comprising the following steps:

[0070] 1) Experimental Grouping and Dietary Fiber Intervention Concentration: Forty-two male Wistar rats were acclimated for one week and then randomly divided into seven groups (n=6 rats in each group): a blank control group (Control), a model control group (Model), a positive control group (Maren pills, MP), a low-dose dietary fiber group (DF-L), a high-dose dietary fiber group (DF-H), a low-dose dietary fiber microsphere group (DSPM-L), and a high-dose dietary fiber microsphere group (DSPM-H). The low-dose dietary fiber (DF-L) and low-dose dietary fiber microsphere groups (DSPM-L) were gavaged with 1.5 g / kg bw / day, while the high-dose dietary fiber (DF-H) and high-dose dietary fiber microsphere groups (DSPM-H) were gavaged with 3 g / kg bw / day. Body weight, feed intake, and water intake were measured daily throughout the experiment. Feces were collected, and the number of fecal pellets was recorded, weighed, and their water content was calculated.

[0071] 2) Establishment of constipation rat model: Except for the blank control group, the other groups were gavaged with 1.5 mg / kg loperamide once a day. The blank control group was gavaged with the same volume of normal saline for 2 consecutive weeks. All groups were gavaged with activated carbon at 10 mL / kg 30 minutes after the last dose of loperamide. The time of the first black stool and stool characteristics of the experimental rats were recorded to confirm the successful establishment of the rat constipation model.

[0072] 3) Experimental process: After the rat constipation model is successfully established, a constipation intervention experiment is conducted.

[0073] Each group of rats were gavaged for 14 consecutive days according to the experimental design. The amount of food given, the amount of food scattered, and the amount of food left were recorded every day. The body weight was weighed once. The number of feces pellets was recorded, weighed, and the water content was calculated. The amount of food given, the amount of food scattered, and the amount of food left were recorded every week. The body weight was weighed once.

[0074] The rats in the control group continued to be gavaged with the same volume of sterile water.

[0075] The rats in the Model group were continued to be gavaged with loperamide at a rate of 1.5 mg / kg, once a day, for 14 consecutive days.

[0076] Rats in the DF-L group continued to receive loperamide by gavage at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg once daily for 14 consecutive days. During this period, burdock root dietary fiber was also given by gavage at a dose of 1.5 g / kg·bw·day once daily.

[0077] Rats in the DF-H group continued to receive loperamide by gavage at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg once daily for 14 consecutive days. During this period, they also received burdock root dietary fiber at a dose of 3 g / kg·bw·day once daily.

[0078] Rats in the DSPM-L group continued to receive loperamide by gavage at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg once daily for 14 consecutive days. During this period, they also received dietary fiber microspheres at a dose of 1.5 g / kg·bw·day once daily.

[0079] Rats in the DSPM-H group continued to receive loperamide by gavage at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg once daily for 14 consecutive days. During this period, they also received dietary fiber microspheres at a dose of 3 g / kg·bw·day once daily.

[0080] Rats in the MP group continued to receive loperamide by gavage at a dose of 1.5 mg / kg once daily for 14 consecutive days. During this period, Maren Pills were administered by gavage at a dose of 3 g / kg·bw·day once daily.

[0081] 4) After the intervention experiment, rats were gavaged with activated carbon and returned to individual cages. They were given ample water, and the time of the first black stool was recorded for each rat. The stool characteristics (size, hardness, etc.) were observed and recorded. Before sacrifice, rats were gavaged with a phenol red suspension (0.5% phenol red dissolved in 1.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution). After sacrifice, changes in small intestinal propulsion rate were observed, and relevant indicators were tested. The results are shown in Figures 6-11.

[0082] The fecal morphology of each experimental rat group is shown in Figure 6. Compared with the control group, the feces of the Model group were significantly smaller and drier in appearance. The feces of rats in the dietary fiber and dietary fiber microsphere intervention groups were plumper and moist. The fecal volume, defecation time, and water content of each experimental rat group are shown in Figures 7-9. Compared with the control group, the Model group had significantly less fecal volume and a significantly lower water content. The number of fecal pellets and fecal water content increased in the DF and DSPM groups. The fecal water content of the DSPM-H group increased 1.33-fold compared with the Model group. Overall, the improvement effect of the high-dose dietary fiber and microsphere groups was greater than that of the low-dose groups, demonstrating a clear dose-effect relationship. The DSPM-H group had the most significant effect on constipation. Compared with the control group, the time to first black stool was significantly increased in the Model group, while the time to first black stool was significantly shortened in the DF and DSPM groups. The time to first black stool in the DSPM-H group was significantly shorter than that in the DF group, with the time to first black stool shortened by 0.8-fold in the DSPM-H group compared with the Model group. As shown in Figure 10, compared with the blank control group, the small intestinal propulsion rate of rats in the model control group was significantly reduced, while the small intestinal propulsion rate of the DF-H, DSPM-H, and MP groups was significantly increased. The small intestinal propulsion rate of the DSP-H group was significantly higher than that of the DF group, and the small intestinal propulsion rate of the DSPM-H group was 30% higher than that of the Model group, significantly enhancing the intestinal motility of rats with constipation. HE staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of the jejunum and colon, and the results are shown in Figure 12. Compared with the normal control group, the model control group had fewer jejunal villi, irregular arrangement of mucosal cells, fewer vacuolated cells, increased villus spacing, irregular crypts, damaged mucosal barrier, and more lymphoid nodules; the DF, DSPM, and MP groups had regular arrangement of intestinal epithelial cells, fewer lymphoid nodules, and an increase in the number of vacuolated cells. Comparison of colon morphology between the Model and Control groups revealed damaged folded mucosa, irregular arrangement of epithelial cells, decreased number of secretory cells, inflammatory infiltration in the lamina propria, and abnormal colon gland morphology. After intervention with DF and DSPM, vacuoles increased, the mucosal layer became plump, and the mucosal cells were tightly and regularly arranged. Inflammatory infiltration was significantly alleviated, with the DSPM group showing significantly higher efficacy than the DF group. The results of intestinal hormones in each group are shown in Figures 13 and 14. The levels of gastrin (Gas) and motilin (MTL) in the blood of rats in the Model group were significantly decreased, while the level of VIP was significantly increased. Compared with the Model group, the levels of Gas and MTL in the DF-H and DSPM-H groups were significantly increased, while the level of VIP was significantly decreased. The DSPM-H group showed better efficacy than the DF-H group. The MTL level in the serum of rats in the DF-L and DSPM-L groups after intervention was not significantly different from that in the Model group.The above results show that both dietary fiber and dietary fiber microspheres can improve abnormal defecation, reduced intestinal motility and damaged intestinal mucosal barrier in constipated rats, but the effect of the burdock dietary fiber microspheres described in the present invention on improving constipation in rats is significantly better than that of burdock root dietary fiber.

[0083] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and implementation methods. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A laxative dietary fiber microsphere, characterized in that: include: The invention is prepared from burdock root dietary fiber which is treated with alkaline hydrogen peroxide and ultrasonic wave.

2. The method for preparing the intestinal laxative dietary fiber microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: Extract burdock root dietary fiber Fresh one-year-old burdock roots with a maximum diameter of 4 to 6 cm are selected, washed, vacuum freeze-dried, and ultrafinely ground into burdock root fine powder with a particle size of 25 to 35 μm; after ethanol defatting, enzymatic hydrolysis with α-amylase, saccharifying enzyme and papain in sequence, the precipitate is collected, vacuum freeze-dried, and passed through a 600-mesh sieve to obtain burdock root dietary fiber; Step 2: Preparation of modified burdock root dietary fiber Treating the burdock root dietary fiber prepared in step 1 with alkaline hydrogen peroxide to obtain initially modified burdock root dietary fiber; mixing the initially modified burdock root dietary fiber powder with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, ultrasonicating at 200W for 50 minutes, centrifuging for 8 minutes to remove the supernatant, and drying the obtained precipitate at 40°C to obtain modified burdock root dietary fiber; Step 3: Preparation of dietary fiber microspheres The modified burdock root dietary fiber prepared in step 2 is taken to make a suspension with a mass concentration of 1.6%, and then mixed with sodium alginate with a mass concentration of 0.2% to 0.4%, and lecithin with a mass concentration of 0.1% to 0.4% is added. The dispersed phase is stirred evenly and allowed to stand. An anhydrous calcium chloride solution with a mass volume ratio of 3% is used as a receiving liquid. The voltage of the high-voltage electrospinning instrument is set to 10.00 kV, and the needle is 3 cm away from the liquid surface. The dietary fiber dispersed phase is uniformly dripped into the calcium chloride solution, allowed to stand for 4 hours, filtered out, and after washing away excess calcium chloride solution, the dietary fiber microspheres are obtained after freeze-drying.

3. The method for preparing the intestinal laxative dietary fiber microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enzymatic hydrolysis in step 1 specifically includes: S101, mixing defatted burdock root powder with water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:20, adjusting the pH value to 6.0, adding α-amylase at a mass ratio of 0.6%, and shaking in a water bath at 60° C. for 40 minutes; S102, adjusting the pH value to 4.5, adding saccharifying enzyme at a mass ratio of 1%, shaking in a water bath at 60°C for 40 minutes, and inactivating the enzyme in water at 100°C for 5 minutes; S103, adjusting the pH value to 6.0, adding papain at a weight ratio of 4.0%, hydrolyzing at 50°C for 60 minutes, and inactivating the enzyme at 100°C for 5 minutes; S104, adding 4 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol to the mixed solution after the treatment in step S103, precipitating overnight at 4°C, centrifuging at 5000g for 10 minutes, collecting the precipitate, and repeating twice; then washing with anhydrous ethanol, centrifuging and collecting the precipitate, and repeating twice; the precipitate is vacuum freeze-dried and passed through a 600-mesh sieve to obtain burdock root dietary fiber powder.

4. The method for preparing the intestinal laxative dietary fiber microspheres according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific steps of preparing the primary modified burdock root dietary fiber in step 2 include: The burdock root dietary fiber prepared in step 1 is uniformly mixed with a 5% hydrogen peroxide solution in a mass-to-volume ratio of 1:20, the pH value is adjusted to 10-12 with a sodium hydroxide solution, stirred in a 60°C water bath for 1 hour, and then the pH is adjusted to neutral, 4 times the volume of anhydrous ethanol is added, and the mixture is allowed to stand at 4°C for 4 hours. The supernatant is removed by centrifugation at 5000g for 8 minutes, the precipitate is collected, and dried at 40°C to obtain primary modified burdock root dietary fiber.

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