System for stopping an electric vehicle in the event of a malfunction and operating method thereof

Abstract

The inventions relate to the automotive industry, and more particularly to a system for stopping a vehicle in the event of a malfunction and to an operating method thereof. The system includes an electric motor capable of driving an electric vehicle and of braking same in a generator mode, an insulating rod disposed beneath a brake pedal and / or an accelerator pedal and having a position locking mechanism, a mechanical switch for operating electrical contacts which comprises a return spring and is capable of disconnecting the electric motor from a source of energy and connecting the electric motor to a resistive load, and a power diode that allows some of the energy to be regenerated. The rod is connected to the mechanical contact switch. The operating method of the system consists in that an electric vehicle is driven by an electric motor which accelerates the electric vehicle or brakes the electric vehicle in a generator mode, an insulating rod locks the position of a switch for operating electrical contacts, disconnects the electric motor from a source of energy and connects the electric motor to a resistive load, with some of the energy being regenerated into charge by a power diode. The invention makes it possible to brake an electric vehicle without relying on complex electronic equipment and software.

Description

[0001] Electric vehicle stop system in case of malfunctions and its operating method.

[0002] The group of inventions relates to the automotive industry, namely to systems and methods for stopping transport in the event of malfunctions.

[0003] The use of this technical solution will allow you to stop any electric vehicle in the event of any malfunction.

[0004] Similar patents RU 2724569 C2, 23.06.2020, RU 2011 1 18052 A, 20.08.2011, RU 2659129 C1, 28.06.2018, RU 2453749 C1, 20.06.2012,

[0005] RU 2493984 С1, 09 / 27 / 2013, RU 2748097 С2, 05 / 19 / 2021, RU 2720227 С1, 04 / 28 / 2020, RU 2733599 С1, 10 / 05 / 2020, RU 2709639 С1, 12 / 19 / 2019,

[0006] RU 21 12665 ​​С1, 06 / 10 / 1998, RU 27017718 С2, 10 / 01 / 2019, RU 2346196 С 1, 02 / 10 / 2009, RU 177717 U1, 03 / 06 / 2018, RU 2552575 С2, 06 / 10 / 2015,

[0007] RU 2405686 S1, 12 / 10 / 2010, RU 2666072 S2, 09 / 05 / 2018.

[0008] For example, the document accepted as an analogue, RU 2724569 C2, published 06 / 23 / 2020, discloses a group of inventions that relates to a method and device for controlling braking for an electric vehicle. The electric vehicle includes: an electric motor and a friction braking unit. The electric motor functions as a source of propulsion and provides regenerative braking force to the vehicle. The friction braking unit provides friction braking force to the vehicle.In this case, the control method comprises the following stages: determining a speed / rotation frequency parameter proportional to the speed of the vehicle; estimating the disturbing torque that acts on the electric motor; performing control in such a way that the electric motor torque converges to the estimated value of the disturbing torque as the speed / rotation frequency parameter decreases; performing control in such a way that the magnitude of friction braking of the friction braking unit converges to a value determined on the basis of the estimated value of the disturbing torque, and instructing the electric motor torque to converge almost to 0 when the speed / rotation frequency parameter becomes almost equal to 0, and it is determined that the vehicle is in a stopped state.The goal is to create a system aimed at increasing the energy efficiency of electric transport by controlling the acceleration / deceleration and stopping of the vehicle.

[0009] This system and its operating method are exclusively for fully functional vehicles, since it is based on working in unity with the controller, which is directly connected to the entire on-board system of the electric vehicle and, as can be seen from the description, requires quite a lot of time to make a decision, evaluate such parameters as speed, torque, etc.

[0010] All known solutions have a common goal - to return the maximum possible energy (recuperate) during braking by the electric motor. At the same time, all electric vehicle systems must operate in normal mode.

[0011] A malicious virus or short circuit may be introduced into the control system, electronics may fail, power keys may break down, the brake system may fail, the driver may confuse the brake and accelerator pedals, these malfunctions may lead to an emergency situation.

[0012] The use of the proposed method will in any case lead to a prompt, efficient and reliable stop of the electric vehicle on any road or off-road surface.

[0013] Thus, the goal was to implement the proposed method of braking an electric vehicle, which does not require complex electronic equipment and software and does not require power supply and additional drive systems other than the driver's actions.

[0014] The purpose of this proposal is to stop the electric vehicle in the event of any malfunction, which is fundamentally different from previous proposals.

[0015] The technical result is that the proposed method of braking an electric vehicle does not depend on complex electronic equipment and software. It is quite easy to implement it in any type of electric vehicle without significant design changes.

[0016] The technical result is achieved by means of a system for stopping an electric vehicle in the event of a malfunction, which includes an electric motor designed to set the electric vehicle in motion and brake it in generator mode; an insulating rod, which is located under the brake pedal and / or the gas pedal and has a position lock. The rod is connected to a mechanical contact switch with a return spring; a mechanical switch of electrical contacts, which is designed to disconnect the electric motor from the energy source and simultaneously connect it to a resistive load, a power diode, which allows for the recovery of part of the energy.

[0017] The method of operation of the electric vehicle stop system in case of a malfunction, in which the vehicle is driven by an electric motor that accelerates the vehicle or brakes the vehicle in the generator mode, the insulating rod located under the gas and / or brake pedal fixes the positions of the electrical contact switch and disconnects the electric motor from the energy source and connects it to the resistive load, while part of the energy is recuperated into a charge through a power DIODE. The method of operation of the electric vehicle stop system in case of a malfunction has a completely mechanical control.

[0018] The elements of the system and the devices by which the braking system itself is implemented and the method of its operation are shown in Fig. 1.

[0019] 1 - brake pedal,

[0020] 2 - insulating rod,

[0021] 3 - mechanical switch of the electric motor from the power source to the resistive load.

[0022] 4 - resistive load.

[0023] 5 - power diode.

[0024] 6 - power keys for controlling the electric motor.

[0025] 7 - power diodes for recuperation of braking energy by the electric motor.

[0026] 8 - electric motor.

[0027] The operating principle is described below.

[0028] The brake discs of the wheels stop before the brake pedal is pressed to the limit. In an abnormal situation, when the car continues to move when the brake pedal is pressed, this happens for various reasons described above in the known systems and methods, which is confirmed by known solutions. In such a situation, the driver instinctively (or consciously) presses the brake pedal much harder than usual. In this case, the brake pedal 1 presses the rod 2, which transmits the force to the switch 3. The electric motor will switch from the power source (battery) to the resistive load. The magnitude of the switching force must be calculated based on the design features of each type of electric vehicle.

[0029] When the electric motor is rotating and disconnected from the power source, the electric motor will start to operate in generator mode, which will stop the electric vehicle. Overvoltage in the electric motor will not occur, since the motor will be connected to a resistive load.

[0030] Rod 2 has a locking mechanism. This allows the driver not to keep his foot on the brake pedal all the time. Switch 3 and / or rod 2 are equipped with a return spring. When the brake pedal is pressed again and briefly released, switch 3 returns to its original position. This allows the electric vehicle to be slowly moved to the side of the road.

[0031] If a similar rod is installed under the accelerator pedal, this will also cause the electric vehicle to stop when the driver mixes up the pedals.

[0032] Power diode 5 allows to recover part of the braking energy when the voltage created by the generator / electric motor is higher than the power source (battery). Resistive load 4 allows to avoid overvoltage. Power diodes 7 allow to recover braking energy during normal operation of the equipment.

[0033] The proposed group of inventions implements a system and method for braking an electric vehicle that do not depend on complex electronic equipment and software. It is quite easy to implement in any type of electric vehicle without significant design changes. It is assumed that this method will not be needed often during the service life of an electric vehicle, but it will avoid serious consequences in the event of an abnormal situation.

Claims

Invention formula.

1. A system for stopping an electric vehicle in the event of a malfunction, characterized in that it includes an electric motor designed to set the electric vehicle in motion and brake it in generator mode; an insulating rod that is located under the brake pedal and / or the gas pedal and has a position lock, wherein the rod is connected to a mechanical contact switch that has a return spring; a mechanical switch of electrical contacts that is designed to disconnect the electric motor from the energy source and simultaneously connect it to a resistive load, a power diode that allows for the recovery of part of the energy.

2. A method of operating a system for stopping an electric vehicle in the event of a malfunction according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the vehicle is set in motion by an electric motor that accelerates the vehicle or brakes the vehicle in generator mode, an insulating rod located under the gas and / or brake pedal fixes the positions of the electrical contact switch and disconnects the electric motor from the energy source and connects it to a resistive load, whereby part of the energy is recuperated into a charge through a power diode.

3. A method of operation of the electric vehicle stopping system in the event of a malfunction according to paragraph 2, characterized in that it has fully mechanical control.

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