Method and apparatus for determining number of bits of signal, device and readable storage medium

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of communications, and discloses a method and apparatus for determining the number of bits of a signal, a device and a readable storage medium. The method in embodiments of the present application comprises: on the basis of first information, a first device determines a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal, wherein the first device comprises an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, the first information is first indication information of a network side device and used for indicating related information of the target number of bits; or the first information comprises at least one of the following: resource allocation information of the target signal, resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal, modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal, and a scaling factor of the number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

Description

Method, device, apparatus and readable storage medium for determining the number of signal bits

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on November 21, 2023, with application number 202311560700.1 and invention name “Method, device, apparatus and readable storage medium for determining the number of signal bits”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application belongs to the field of communication technology, and specifically relates to a method, apparatus, device, and readable storage medium for determining the number of signal bits. Background Art

[0003] Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices are low-complexity and low-cost, maintenance-free, and battery-free. They can support energy harvesting and / or backscatter communication, enabling high-density and large-scale deployment at a low cost. Due to the limitations of A-IoT devices, the number of bits used in A-IoT device transmission signals cannot be reused using the traditional Transport Block Size (TBS) method. Therefore, determining the number of bits used by A-IoT devices for transmission signals is an urgent problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide a method, apparatus, device, and readable storage medium for determining the number of signal bits, which can determine the number of bits of a signal transmitted by an A-IoT device.

[0005] In a first aspect, a method for determining the number of signal bits is provided, the method comprising:

[0006] The first device determines a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal based on the first information, wherein the first device includes an A-IoT device;

[0007] The first information is first indication information of a network-side device, which is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits; or

[0008] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0009] resource allocation information of the target signal;

[0010] resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal;

[0011] Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal;

[0012] A scaling factor for the number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

[0013] In a second aspect, a method for determining the number of signal bits is provided, the method comprising:

[0014] The network-side device sends target information to the first device, where the target information is used by the first device to determine a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal, where the first device includes an A-IoT device.

[0015] The target information includes one of the following instructions:

[0016] resource allocation information of the target signal;

[0017] Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal;

[0018] The first indication information is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits.

[0019] In a third aspect, a device for determining the number of signal bits is provided, comprising:

[0020] a processing unit, configured to determine, based on the first information, a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal, wherein the determination ultimately includes an ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device;

[0021] The first information is first indication information of a network-side device, which is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits; or

[0022] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0023] resource allocation information of the target signal;

[0024] resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal;

[0025] Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal;

[0026] A scaling factor for the number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

[0027] In a fourth aspect, a device for determining the number of signal bits is provided, comprising:

[0028] a communication unit, configured to send target information to a first device, wherein the target information is used by the first device to determine a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal, the first device comprising an A-IoT device;

[0029] The target information includes one of the following instructions:

[0030] resource allocation information of the target signal;

[0031] Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal;

[0032] The first indication information is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits.

[0033] In a fifth aspect, a communication device is provided, which includes a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores programs or instructions that can be run on the processor, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect are implemented.

[0034] In a sixth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the steps of the method described in the first aspect are implemented, or the steps of the method described in the second aspect are implemented.

[0035] In the seventh aspect, a wireless communication system is provided, including: a first device and a network side device, wherein the first device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the first aspect, and the network side device can be used to execute the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0036] In an eighth aspect, a chip is provided, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run a program or instruction to implement the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the method described in the second aspect.

[0037] In a ninth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, wherein the computer program / program product is stored in a storage medium, and the program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present application, the first device (e.g., an A-IoT device) can determine the target number of bits for transmitting the target signal based on at least one of the resource allocation information, resource overhead information, modulation and coding related parameters, and scaling factors of the target signal. Furthermore, the first device can send or receive the target signal based on the target number of bits, thereby improving signal transmission reliability and transmission efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] FIG2 is a schematic diagram of signal transmission between a reader and a tag provided in the present application.

[0041] FIG3 is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication provided by the present application.

[0042] FIG4 shows an information interaction diagram between a reader and a tag.

[0043] FIG5 is a flowchart illustrating the processing of physical channels in the NR system.

[0044] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a circular buffer for selecting HARQ RV bits.

[0045] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of generating an OOK signal based on an OFDM architecture.

[0046] FIG8 is a schematic diagram of extending original bit information using an extension sequence and / or coding.

[0047] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the MSK modulation principle.

[0048] FIG10 is a diagram showing the modulation principle of a GMSK signal.

[0049] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining the number of signal bits provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining TBS provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] FIG13 is a schematic diagram of a device for determining the number of signal bits provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] FIG14 is a schematic diagram of another device for determining the number of signal bits provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] FIG15 is a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] FIG16 is a hardware structure diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] FIG17 is a hardware structure diagram of a network-side device provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0057] The terms "first", "second", etc. in this application are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the terms used in this way are interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same type, and do not limit the number of objects, for example, the first object can be one or more. In addition, "or" in this application represents at least one of the connected objects. For example, "A or B" covers three options, namely, Option 1: including A but not including B; Option 2: including B but not including A; Option 3: including both A and B. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship.

[0058] The term "indication" in this application can be either a direct indication (or explicit indication) or an indirect indication (or implicit indication). A direct indication can be understood as the sender explicitly informing the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc. in the instruction sent; an indirect indication can be understood as the receiver determining the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or making a judgment and determining the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc. based on the judgment result.

[0059] It is worth noting that the technology described in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to the Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of the present application are often used interchangeably, and the technology described can be used for the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as for other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes a New Radio (NR) system for illustrative purposes, and NR terminology is used in most of the following description, but these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) systems. thGeneration, 6G) communication system.

[0060] FIG1 shows a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to embodiments of the present application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12 .

[0061] In some embodiments, the terminal 11 may be an Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) device, also known as an Ambient Power (AMP) device, a zero-power device, a low-power IoT device, a response device, a tag, etc.

[0062] In other embodiments, the terminal 11 may also be a mobile phone, a tablet personal computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), an augmented reality (AR), a virtual reality (VR) device, a robot, a wearable device, a flight vehicle, a vehicle user equipment (VUE), a shipborne device, a pedestrian user equipment (PUE), a smart home (home appliances with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines or furniture, etc.), a game console, a personal computer (PC), an ATM or a self-service machine, and other terminal-side devices. Wearable devices include: smart watches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart bracelets, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among them, the vehicle-mounted device can also be called a vehicle-mounted terminal, vehicle-mounted controller, vehicle-mounted module, vehicle-mounted component, vehicle-mounted chip or vehicle-mounted unit, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of the terminal 11 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0063] The network-side device 12 may include an access network device or a core network device, wherein the access network device may also be referred to as a radio access network (RAN) device, a radio access network function, or a radio access network unit. The access network device may include a reader or writer, a base station, a wireless local area network (WLAN) access point (AS), or a wireless fidelity (WiFi) node. Among them, the base station can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), the next generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), access point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), radio base station, radio transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B (home evolved Node B), Transmission Reception Point (TRP) or other appropriate terms in the field. As long as the same technical effect is achieved, the base station is not limited to specific technical vocabulary. It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present application, only the base station in the NR system is used as an example for introduction, and the specific type of the base station is not limited.

[0064] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, backscatter communication (BSC) related to the present application is described.

[0065] Backscatter communication is a communication method in which a backscatter communication device uses radio frequency signals from other devices or the environment to modulate the signal and transmit its own information. Backscatter communication devices can be, for example:

[0066] Device A: A backscatter communication device in traditional radio frequency identification (RFID) devices, typically a tag, belonging to the passive Internet of Things (IoT) device.

[0067] Device B: A semi-passive IoT device with a certain amplification capability for downlink reception or uplink reflection.

[0068] Device C: A device with the ability to actively send information, that is, an active device. This type of device can send information to the reader without relying on the reflection of the incident signal.

[0069] The energy source of backscatter communication devices can come from the environment, such as ambient radio frequency (RF) signals, thermal energy, kinetic energy, wind energy, etc., and they are also called ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices.

[0070] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the link between a reader and a tag in an RFIC system. As shown in Figure 2, the tag receives a carrier signal from the reader, which can be a continuous wave signal. It then modulates the carrier signal, loads the information to be transmitted, and backscatters the modulated signal. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication.

[0071] For backscatter communication, a simple implementation is: when the tag needs to send a '1', the tag reflects the incident carrier signal, and when the tag needs to send a '0', it does not reflect. Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of a backscatter communication principle.

[0072] Backscatter communication and load modulation are closely related. Load modulation achieves this by adjusting and controlling the parameters of the tag's oscillator circuit according to the data stream's rhythm, thereby changing parameters such as the tag's impedance. Load modulation techniques primarily include resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation.

[0073] In some implementations, a backscatter communication device modulates the signal by adjusting its internal impedance to control the reflection coefficient Γ of the circuit, thereby changing the amplitude, frequency, phase, etc. of the incident signal. The reflection coefficient of the signal can be expressed as: Γ = (Z_1 - Z_0) / (Z_1 + Z_0) = |Γ|e^(jθ_T)

[0074] Where Z_0 is the antenna characteristic impedance, and Z_1 is the load impedance. Assuming the incident signal is S_in(t), the output signal is S_out(t) = S_in(t)|Γ|e^(jθ_T). Therefore, by properly controlling the reflection coefficient, corresponding amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, or phase modulation can be achieved.

[0075] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the information transmission between the reader and the tag in the RFID related to the present application is described.

[0076] Figure 4 shows a diagram of information exchange between a reader and a tag. As shown in Figure 4, a reader can send commands to a tag to query its status. Table 1 shows the effects of commands sent by a reader to a tag, and Table 2 shows the meaning of the tag's status.

[0077] Table 1

[0078] Table 2

[0079] In inventory mode, after the reader sends a query command (Query), the tag needs to respond (Reply), that is, generate a 16-bit random number and send it to the reader. The reader then sends this sequence to the tag via an ACK message, and the tag sends the relevant data to the reader.

[0080] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the physical channel processing in NR is explained.

[0081] In a NR system, the physical layer provides physical channel transmission services to the media access control (MAC) layer. The MAC layer delivers data to the physical layer in transport blocks (TBs). The physical layer converts the received transport blocks into air interface signals and transmits them to the other end. The physical downlink channels defined in NR include the downlink shared channel, paging channel, and broadcast channel; the uplink physical channels include the uplink shared channel.

[0082] Figure 5 shows the specific processing flow of the physical channel in the physical layer, including the process from the transport block of the MAC layer to the final air interface signal. Specifically, it may include the following steps:

[0083] Step 1. Add Cyclical Redundancy Check (CRC): Add CRC to TB to verify the correctness of TB.

[0084] Step 2. Channel Coding: Channel coding is performed on the TB and CRC according to the code rate indicated by the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS), such as Low Density Parity Check Code (LDPC) or Polar Code. The bits after channel coding include systematic bits and parity check bits. Systematic bits are the original bits to be transmitted (including the CRC bits of the TB), while parity bits are redundant bits used to recover the systematic bits. Generally speaking, systematic bits are more important than parity bits.

[0085] Step 3a. Rate matching: The channel-coded data is processed to meet the MCS bit rate requirements and the available physical resources. Specific rate matching operations include puncturing, shortening, and lengthening.

[0086] Step 3b. Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ): The rate-matched data will be placed in a circular buffer. As shown in Figure 6, there are 4 starting bit positions in the buffer, corresponding to 4 HARQ redundancy versions (RV). During transmission, according to the RV version number to be transmitted, the specified number of bits are read from the corresponding position. It can be seen that RV0 and RV3 both contain system bits. During transmission, the transmitter will first send RV0. If the decoding fails, it will feedback information to the transmitter, indicating that the next RV data needs to be transmitted. Generally speaking, the order of RVs sent by the transmitter is 0, 2, 3, and 1.

[0087] Step 3c. Interleaving: After selecting the HARQ RV, the transmitter will also interleave the data, generally in row-by-row order.

[0088] Step 4. Scrambling: To reduce interference between users and cells, the transmitter further scrambles the interleaved data by performing bit-level multiplication with a scrambling sequence. This scrambling sequence is typically a pseudo-random sequence, and its generation is related to the terminal's identity (e.g., the Cell Radio Network Temporary Identity (C-RNTI)).

[0089] Step 5. Modulation: Based on the MCS, the transmitter divides the scrambled data into modulation orders. For example, if Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) corresponds to 2 bits, the transmitter maps every 2 bits to 1 QPSK symbol.

[0090] Steps 6 and 8: Layer mapping and multi-antenna coding: Applicable to multi-stream transmission with multiple antennas, the symbols to be transmitted are mapped to a "layer". Inter-layer signals may reuse the same physical resources, and the role of multi-antenna coding is to use channel differences to suppress inter-layer interference.

[0091] Step 7. Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Precoding: For uplink transmission, the transmitter can choose to use Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) to reduce the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR).

[0092] Step 9. Resource mapping: Map the modulated symbols to corresponding physical resources according to the physical resources available in the physical channel (eg, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, subcarriers).

[0093] Step 10. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT): Taking OFDM symbols as units, perform IFFT operation on the subcarriers on the corresponding symbols to obtain the baseband OFDM signal to be transmitted.

[0094] Step 11. Physical antenna mapping: The baseband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is delivered to the corresponding RF front-end for transmission, including digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and up-conversion operations.

[0095] At the receiving end, the steps shown in Figure 2 are basically reversed. The signal received at the air interface is subjected to FFT, layer mapping, demodulation, descrambling, and deinterleaving to obtain the soft bit information (i.e., log-likelihood ratio (LLR)) of each bit on the TB. The LLR is then passed to the channel decoder for decoding.

[0096] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, a method for determining the transport block size (TBS) in NR is described.

[0097] In NR, the steps to determine the TBS size are as follows:

[0098] 1) UE determines the number of resource elements (REs) N in the slot RE .

[0099] First, determine the number of REs N′ available for data transmission in each resource block (RB) RE .

[0100] For example, N′ is determined according to the following formula: RE :

[0101] Indicates the number of subcarriers in a PRB;

[0102] The number of symbols allocated to the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) in a slot;

[0103] In a scheduling period, the number of REs occupied by a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) on each physical resource block (PRB) is indicated by DCI format 1_1, DCI format 1_2, or DCI format 1_0.

[0104] Header overhead, configured by the higher-layer parameter header overhead (xOverhead) in the PDSCH serving cell configuration (PDSCH-ServingCellConfig)

[0105] N RE =min(156,N′ RE )·nPRB , where, within the bandwidth of a single resource block, it is assumed that the UE will not be allocated resources exceeding 156 REs.

[0106] 2) The total number of REs available for data transmission N RE Converted to information bits N info .

[0107] For example, N info =N RE ·R·Q m ·υ.

[0108] Where R represents the target bit rate; Q m represents the modulation order; υ represents the number of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) layers.

[0109] The modulation order and target code rate are extracted from the MCS table. If the PDSCH resource allocation is received using DCI 1_0, the number of layers is fixed at 1. Otherwise, the number of layers is obtained by looking up the "Antenna Ports" column in the "DMRS Ports" column in DCI 1_1. The number of layers is equal to the number of allocated DMRS ports.

[0110] Furthermore, if N info ≤3824, then go to step 3), otherwise go to step 4).

[0111] 3)N info ≤3824, TBS is calculated by the following formula:

[0112] First calculate in,

[0113] Then look up the table below Table 1 to determine TBS. info The closest TBS is used as the target TBS.

[0114] 4)N info >3824, TBS is determined as follows:

[0115] First determine the number of information bits N' info The quantized intermediate number N′ info ;

[0116] For example,

[0117] in,

[0118] If R≤1 / 4, then

[0119] in,

[0120] Otherwise, if N′ info >8424, then

[0121] in

[0122] otherwise,

[0123] Table 1 for N info ≤3824

[0124] In some scenarios, the following data / services are studied for A-IoT:

[0125] Device-originated (DO) data / service;

[0126] Device-terminated (DT) data / service.

[0127] DO data refers to data streams originating from A-IoT devices (e.g., tags), while DT data refers to data streams transmitted to A-IoT devices. DO data can be further categorized into the following types:

[0128] Device-originated–autonomous (DO-A) data / services, that is, A-IoT devices autonomously initiate data transmission.

[0129] For example: Readers connect to various sensors that collect and, when necessary, actively report information about the environment, equipment, and organisms.

[0130] Device-originated–device-terminated triggered (DO-DTT) data / service, that is, network-side devices such as readers or base stations trigger A-IoT devices to initiate data transmission.

[0131] For example, for asset identification, status reporting, and tracking, the reader triggers the tag to report, and the reader collects data from the tag by triggering the inventory process. Since the data is generated / initiated in the tag, this service should be considered as a command sent by the reader to trigger the tag to initiate a DO service.

[0132] The following describes possible modulation methods for low-power signals.

[0133] In some embodiments, the low power signal may use the following modulation schemes:

[0134] 1) On-Off Keying (OOK)

[0135] There are two ways to generate OOK modulation: one is a multi-carrier (MC) OOK signal (MC-OOK) based on the OFDM architecture, and the other is a single-carrier OOK signal.

[0136] For multi-carrier OOK signals based on the OFDM architecture, the design concept is to maintain the existing base station's transmitting architecture. Therefore, appropriate data is sent on the OFDM subcarriers to create a square wave signal in the time domain. The generation framework is shown in Figure 7. For example, when a device needs to send both a wake-up signal (WUS) and a physical channel, as shown in Figure 7, the device can map the WUS and the physical channel to different subcarriers, which are then processed and transmitted by the OFDM transmitter.

[0137] For single-carrier OOK signals, a unipolar non-return-to-zero code sequence is used to control the on and off of the incident carrier or continuous waveform (CW). Its modulation method is simple and suitable for low-power signals.

[0138] 2) Offset-QPSK (O-QPSK), Differential Binary Phase Shift Keying (DBPSK)

[0139] Active tags can use O-QPSK or DBPSK modulation to send data. These two modulation methods belong to constant envelope modulation technology. The following briefly introduces the two modulation methods.

[0140] The O-QPSK modulation process can be described as follows: the serial input binary data stream is split into two different transmission paths, the I path and the Q path. The "I" component is used to synchronize with the data waveform, and the "Q" component is used to be "orthogonal" to the data waveform. That is, the even-numbered bits of the original input data are assigned to the I path, and the odd-numbered bits are assigned to the Q path. The in-phase and quadrature paths are staggered by half a symbol period. The I and Q paths are then used to modulate the carrier, using one of four discrete phase variations to represent each symbol (a bit pair).

[0141] BPSK and QPSK are similar in that both use phase to carry symbol information. For example, when the input symbol is a "1," the baseband modulator outputs a 1 (phase 0 degrees); when the input symbol is a "0," the baseband modulator outputs a -1 (phase 0 degrees). However, BPSK suffers from phase ambiguity, which occurs when the recovered digital information changes from a "0" to a "1" or vice versa, resulting in erroneous recovery. This phenomenon, caused by the phase inversion of the local reference carrier and resulting in erroneous recovery in the receiving system, is called "phase ambiguity." To address this issue, differential encoding was introduced, allowing decoding at the receiving end to be based on phase changes rather than the absolute phase value. This is the result of DBPSK.

[0142] In order to obtain better link performance and anti-interference performance, the original information bits are expanded by using spreading sequences and / or encoding. A common processing method is shown in FIG8 .

[0143] 3) Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) modulation and Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation.

[0144] Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) is a constant envelope continuous phase modulation developed from binary Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation. In FSK, the carrier frequency changes randomly with the modulating signal, which is usually "0" or "1", and the phase after modulation is discontinuous. If the phase is continuous, it is called Continuous Phase Frequency Shift Keying (CP-FSK). The so-called MSK modulation method is a special form of CP-FSK with a modulation index of 0.5. The MSK modulation principle is shown below:

[0145] make Among them, θ k The additional phase function is used to ensure the phase continuity between different symbols, ω c t is the carrier angular frequency, T s is the code element width; a k is the phase constant of the kth symbol, and the MSK modulation block diagram is shown in Figure 9.

[0146] Because MSK's phase path is a curve, and its power spectrum sidelobes, as observed on a spectrum analyzer, deviate from the center frequency, resulting in slower attenuation, a Gaussian filter is added before MSK modulation to compensate for these shortcomings and improve attenuation performance. This modulator is therefore called GMSK.

[0147] Figure 10 shows the principle diagram of GMSK signal modulation. As can be seen from Figure 10, GMSK modulation is achieved by adding a Gaussian low-pass filter before the MSK modulator, which smooths the signal and significantly improves the sidelobe attenuation performance of the power spectrum. After MSK modulation, the symbol data, namely the I and Q channels, are generated. The final GMSK expression is as follows:

[0148] Where A represents the signal envelope, ω c represents the carrier angular frequency, Represents the information phase.

[0149] In some scenarios, an A-IoT device is characterized by its energy storage capacity and its ability to generate radio frequency signals for transmission. For example, the A-IoT device has one of the following energy storage capabilities:

[0150] Storage capacity 1: No ability to store energy;

[0151] Storage capacity 2: Energy can be stored up to E1 or E2 joules, where it is possible for E1 = E2;

[0152] Storage capacity3: Energy can be stored up to E2 joules.

[0153] Depending on these storage capacities, the following set of ambient IoT devices is defined:

[0154] Device A: has no energy storage capability and no independent signal generation / amplification capability, that is, it only supports backscatter transmission.

[0155] Device B: Has energy storage capabilities but no independent signal generation capabilities, i.e., supports backscatter transmission. The use of stored energy can include amplification of reflected signals.

[0156] Device C: has energy storage capability and independent signal generation capability, i.e., an active RF component for transmission.

[0157] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, the deployment scenario of the A-IoT system (or A-IoT system) is described.

[0158] For example, the deployment or operation modes of A-IoT devices may include the following three:

[0159] Scenario 1: A-IoT devices are deployed within the NR system bandwidth, also known as in-band deployment.

[0160] In this scenario, one implementation method is to have the same base station provide services for both A-IoT devices and NR UEs. Another implementation method is to have different base stations provide services for both A-IoT devices and NR UEs.

[0161] Scenario 2: A-IoT devices are deployed in the guard interval of the NR system, also known as guard band deployment.

[0162] In this scenario, one implementation method is to have the same base station provide services for both A-IoT devices and NR UEs. Another implementation method is to have different base stations provide services for both A-IoT devices and NR UEs.

[0163] Scenario 3: A-IoT devices are deployed outside the NR system's protection interval (obviously, outside the NR system bandwidth), also known as stand-alone deployment.

[0164] In this scenario, the base station usually only provides services to A-IoT devices.

[0165] In the embodiments of the present application, for the convenience of distinction and explanation, the signals transmitted by the A-IoT device are also called low-power signals, zero-power signals, AMP signals, etc.

[0166] Due to various limitations of A-IoT devices, it is difficult for low-power signals to reuse the modulation and coding methods used by signals in NR systems. The signal generation process will undergo significant changes. Therefore, how to determine the number of bits required to transmit low-power signals is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.

[0167] The method for determining the number of signal bits provided in the embodiments of the present application is described in detail below with reference to some embodiments and their application scenarios in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0168] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of a method for determining the number of signal bits provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG11 , the method 200 includes:

[0169] S201: A first device determines a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal based on first information, wherein the first device includes an A-IoT device.

[0170] The first information is first indication information of a network-side device, which is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits; or

[0171] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0172] resource allocation information of the target signal;

[0173] resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal;

[0174] Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal;

[0175] A scaling factor for the number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

[0176] In some embodiments, the first device may include an A-IoT device, or may include a traditional terminal, such as a terminal of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 .

[0177] It should be noted that an A-IoT device may have at least one of the following characteristics:

[0178] Low complexity, simple structure, low power consumption, low cost, support for the collection of environmental energy (such as light energy, thermal energy, radio frequency energy, mechanical energy, kinetic energy, etc.), support for backscatter communication, support for simple waveforms, support for low-complexity modulation methods (such as OOK, ASK, FSK, GMSK, O-QPSK, DBPSK, etc.).

[0179] In some embodiments, for some A-IoT devices, active transmission communication mode can also be supported.

[0180] In some embodiments, the A-IoT device may have no energy storage capability or may have limited energy storage capability (such as using a capacitor with a capacity of tens of microfarads (uF)).

[0181] In some embodiments, an A-IoT device may also be referred to as a zero-power device, a low-power device, a Passive-IoT device, an Ambient Power (AMP) device, a low-power IoT device, a response device, a tag, etc.

[0182] In some embodiments, the network side device can be a reading and writing device or a reader / writer, an access network device, a TRP, etc., or it can also be a core network device, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0183] In some embodiments, the target signal is a transmission signal used by the first device, also known as a low-power signal or a zero-power signal. The target signal is generated using a low-complexity waveform generation method or modulation method, or in other words, the target signal uses a simple waveform. Exemplarily, the waveform used by the target signal includes but is not limited to OOK, ASK, FSK, GMSK, O-QPSK, DBPSK, etc.

[0184] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the target signal can be a signal sent by the first device to the network side device (or called an uplink low-power signal, uplink signal), or it can be a signal sent by the network side device to the first device (or called a downlink low-power signal, downlink signal).

[0185] That is, the method for determining the number of signal bits in the embodiment of the present application can be applied to determining the target number of bits of an uplink low-power signal, and can also be used to determine the target number of bits of a downlink low-power signal.

[0186] For example, for an uplink low-power signal, the first device can determine the target number of bits of the uplink low-power signal based on the first information, and further use the target number of bits to send the uplink low-power signal. Correspondingly, the network side device can also determine the target number of bits of the uplink low-power signal in a similar manner, and further use the target number of bits to receive the uplink low-power signal, thereby ensuring that the network side device and the first device have a consistent understanding of the target number of bits of the low-power signal, and ensuring the transmission reliability of the low-power signal.

[0187] For another example, for a downlink low-power signal, the network side device can determine the target number of bits of the downlink low-power signal based on the first information, and further use the target number of bits to send the uplink low-power signal. Correspondingly, the first device can determine the target number of bits of the downlink low-power signal based on the first information, and further use the target number of bits to receive the uplink low-power signal, thereby ensuring that the network side device and the first device have a consistent understanding of the target number of bits of the low-power signal, and ensuring the transmission reliability of the low-power signal.

[0188] Moreover, the method for determining the target number of bits provided in the embodiment of the present application has low implementation complexity and can be better applied to devices with limited capabilities, such as A-IoT devices.

[0189] In some embodiments, the target signal is carried in a TB and the target number of bits used to transmit the target signal may be the TBS used to transmit the target signal. In this case, S201 may include:

[0190] A TBS used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the first information.

[0191] That is, in the embodiments of the present application, the target number of bits can be replaced by TBS, or can also be replaced by the number of information bits. The definition of TBS can be the same as or different from the definition of existing TBS. The following description uses the determination of the target number of bits used for the target signal as an example, but the present application is not limited to this.

[0192] In some embodiments of the present application, due to the difference in capabilities between the first device and the traditional terminal, a basic time unit can be defined for the first device for time-frequency resource allocation, signal transmission, etc. of the first device.

[0193] Exemplarily, the basic time unit may be at least one OFDM symbol, at least one slot, at least one subframe, or at least one reference time unit, which may be a time unit of a predefined length. Optionally, the length of the basic time unit may be in milliseconds, seconds, minutes, etc.

[0194] In some cases, for example, when the first device has certain capabilities (such as the ability to actively transmit signals, energy storage capabilities, etc.), the OFDM symbol or slot in NR can be used as the basic time unit to better align with the existing NR structure. For example, the first device can flexibly set the signal transmission length to align it with OFDM symbols of different cyclic prefix (CP) lengths. Alternatively, when the capability or power consumption of the first device is limited, the first device cannot align with the resource grid in NR. In this case, the basic time unit for communication of the first device can be redefined based on the capability or power consumption of the first device.

[0195] In some embodiments of the present application, due to the difference in capabilities between the first device and the traditional terminal, a minimum resource element can be defined for the first device for time-frequency resource allocation, signal transmission, etc. of the first device.

[0196] In some embodiments, the time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element may be the minimum time unit in which a signal sent by the first device can carry information in one basic time unit. For example, the time unit in which a low-power signal can carry 1 bit of information or one mapping symbol in one basic time unit may be used as the time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element.

[0197] In some embodiments, the time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element is a time unit within a preset bandwidth.

[0198] Optionally, the preset bandwidth may be a predefined bandwidth, or a working bandwidth allocated to the first device.

[0199] In some embodiments, the resource allocation information of the target signal includes at least one of the following:

[0200] the length of the basic time unit;

[0201] The first number is used to indicate the number of basic time units included in the resource allocated to the target signal, which is N TimeUnit express;

[0202] The second number is used to indicate the minimum number of resource elements that can carry information on a basic time unit, using N MRE express.

[0203] In some embodiments, the resources used to transmit the target signal are allocated in units of basic time units, and the first number may be the number of basic time units allocated for transmitting the target signal.

[0204] Optionally, the length of the basic time unit may be fixed, for example, fixed to 1 OFDM symbol, 1 time slot, or may be variable, for example, the network side device may dynamically indicate the length of the basic time unit.

[0205] In some embodiments, the first number is the number of basic time units included in resources allocated for a single transmission of the target signal, or the number of basic time units included in resources allocated for multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal.

[0206] In some embodiments, the first quantity is indicated by a network-side device.

[0207] That is, the network-side device may indicate to the first device the number of basic time units allocated for a single transmission of the target signal, or the number of basic time units allocated for multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal.

[0208] In some embodiments, the second number is indicated by a network-side device, or is determined by the first device. For example, the first device may determine the second number based on a modulation parameter of the target signal.

[0209] Optionally, the modulation parameters of the target signal include at least one of a modulation mode, a modulation order, and a modulation rate (or chip rate).

[0210] In some embodiments, the second number is less than or equal to a first threshold, and the first threshold is specified by a protocol or indicated by a network-side device.

[0211] For example, Represents the first threshold, where N′ MRE The first device may determine the target signal according to the modulation parameters of the target signal. Can be a positive integer greater than 0.

[0212] In some embodiments, the resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal includes information on the additional resource overhead required to send the target signal.

[0213] For example, the resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal may include the resource overhead formed by at least one of the following, that is, the resource size occupied by at least one of the following, such as the number of minimum resource elements occupied by at least one of the following, recorded as the third number, using N overhead express:

[0214] Reference signals, such as DMRS;

[0215] delimiter;

[0216] Signals used for synchronization, such as preambles;

[0217] Dummy signal or dummy data;

[0218] control information;

[0219] A gap or guard time during which no signal is transmitted.

[0220] In some embodiments, the reference signal is mainly used for channel estimation, carrier frequency, phase estimation, etc., and can be sent interspersed in the middle of the data to be sent. The size or pattern of the minimum number of resource elements occupied by the reference signal can be specified by the protocol, or configured by the network side device, for example, through RRC signaling.

[0221] In some embodiments, the delimiter and the virtual signal are mainly used to mark the start and end of signal transmission, usually a specific sequence. The size or pattern of the minimum number of resource elements occupied by the delimiter and the virtual signal can be specified by the protocol, or configured by the network side device, for example, through RRC signaling.

[0222] In some embodiments, the signal used for synchronization may be a specific sequence used for signal synchronization, and the minimum number of resource elements occupied by the sequence may be specified by the protocol, or configured by the network side device, for example, through RRC signaling.

[0223] In some embodiments, the control information may be downlink control information (DCI) or uplink control information (UCI). The control information may be control information for scheduling resources of the target signal.

[0224] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned reference signal, signal for transmitting delimiters, signal for synchronization, virtual signal, and signal for transmitting control information can be considered as overhead signals of the target signal.

[0225] In some embodiments, the third number may be the sum of the minimum number of resource elements included in all resource overheads of the target signal.

[0226] For example, the third number N overhead Determine according to the following formula: N overhead =N RS +N preamble +N delimiter +N dummyData +N control +N other

[0227] Among them, N RS Indicates the minimum number of resource elements occupied by the reference signal;

[0228] N preamble Indicates the minimum number of resource elements occupied by the signal used for synchronization;

[0229] N delimiter Indicates the minimum number of resource elements occupied by the separator;

[0230] N dummyData Indicates the minimum number of resource elements occupied by virtual data;

[0231] N control Indicates the minimum number of resource elements occupied by control information;

[0232] N other Indicates the minimum number of resource elements occupied by other signals except the reference signal, the signal used for synchronization, the delimiter, the dummy data, and the control information.

[0233] Optionally, the other signals may be some overheads indicated by higher layers and some gaps or guard times in addition to the above signals.

[0234] In some embodiments of the present application, the S201 includes:

[0235] determining, according to the resource allocation information of the target signal and the resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal, a target minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the resources allocated to the target signal;

[0236] The target number of bits used to transmit the target signal is determined based on the target number of minimum resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal and third information, wherein the third information includes at least one of the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal and the scaling factor.

[0237] The following describes a method for determining the target minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit a target signal in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0238] For example, first, the minimum number of resource elements included in the resources allocated to the target signal can be determined based on the first number and the second number, which is recorded as the fourth number. For example, the fourth number is equal to N MRE ·N TimeUnit .

[0239] Then, according to the fourth number and the minimum number of resources included in the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal, that is, the third number, the target number of the minimum resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the resources allocated to the target signal is determined, which is recorded as N RE .

[0240] For example, calculate the difference between the fourth quantity and the third quantity, and record it as N' RE , that is, N′ RE =N MRE ·N TimeUnit -N overhead Then, a target number of minimum resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the resources allocated for the target signal is determined based on the difference.

[0241] For example, the first device may directly use the difference N′ RE The target number N of the minimum resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal is determined RE , that is, N RE =N′ RE .

[0242] For another example, the first device may also calculate the difference N′ based on the difference RE and a second threshold to determine the target number N of the minimum resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the resources allocated for the target signal RE Wherein, the second threshold is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal. When the target number is the minimum number of resource elements for a single transmission of the target signal, The second threshold may be specified by a protocol or indicated by a network device, and the second threshold is a positive integer greater than 0.

[0243] In some embodiments, the target signal is transmitted repeatedly. When the first number is the number of basic time units included in the resources allocated for a single transmission of the target signal, the first device selects which of the multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal to determine the target number. The target number may be predefined, or may be indicated by the network side, or may be selected by the first device itself. For example, the first repeated transmission, or the last triggered transmission, or the repeated transmission with the largest overhead is selected. When the repeated transmission with the largest overhead is selected, for repeated transmissions with smaller overhead, there will be some idle resources when the determined target number of bits is used for repeated transmission. In this case, bit filling may be performed on the idle resources, such as repeating existing bits for bit filling, or the signal may not be sent.

[0244] In some embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal include at least one of the following:

[0245] Modulation mode, modulation order (Modulation Order) (denoted as Q m ), coding method (including linear coding and / or channel coding), linear coding rate (denoted as R linecoding ), channel coding rate (denoted as R channelcoding ).

[0246] In some embodiments, the linear coding method used for the target signal may include, but is not limited to: Manchester code, bi-phase space code (FMO) code, Miller code, spread sequence, etc.

[0247] In some embodiments, the channel coding method used for the target signal may include, but is not limited to: LDPC, Polar, convolution, Hamming, Reed-Muller, repetition coding, etc.

[0248] Because the waveform generation and encoding methods used in low-power devices differ from those used in traditional terminals, the bit rate needs to be redefined. For example, if the waveform generation process involves both linear coding and channel coding, the channel coding method, linear coding method, and corresponding bit rate need to be considered.

[0249] In some embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are indicated by a network-side device. For example, the network-side device determines the parameters based on at least one of the following: the service (or service type) carried by the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, the capabilities of the first device, and the power consumption of the first device, such as the power consumption level (the relevant information of the first device (e.g., the power consumption level) is reported by the first device to the network-side device).

[0250] In other embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are determined by the first device, for example, based on at least one of the following: the service carried in the target signal (or service type), the deployment scenario, the device capability of the first device, and the power consumption of the first device, such as the power consumption level.

[0251] In some embodiments, the services carried in the target signal may include, but are not limited to, DO services and DT services.

[0252] In the embodiment of the present application, the service carried (or transmitted) in the target signal may also be replaced by the service to be transmitted of the first device.

[0253] In some embodiments, the device capabilities of the first device may include, but are not limited to:

[0254] Whether it has energy storage capabilities, energy storage level, whether it supports active signal transmission, and supported energy collection methods, such as light energy, thermal energy, radio frequency energy, mechanical energy, kinetic energy, etc.

[0255] In some embodiments, the deployment scenario of the first device may include, for example, but is not limited to, at least one of the aforementioned protection bandwidth deployment, in-band deployment, and independent deployment.

[0256] In some embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are selected from a target first table, which includes multiple sets of modulation and coding related parameters.

[0257] In the embodiment of the present application, the first table is also called the MCS table.

[0258] In some embodiments, the target first table is one of a plurality of candidate first tables, and the plurality of candidate first tables are associated with different second information. For example, the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0259] The services carried in the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, the length of the basic time unit, the coding capability of the first device, the device processing delay of the first device, the waveform generation method of the first device, the device capability of the first device, the device type of the first device, the power level of the first device, the channel quality between the first device and the network side device, and the control information type or format corresponding to the target signal.

[0260] In some embodiments, the plurality of candidate first tables may be specified by a protocol, or configured by a network-side device (or a control node of the first device), for example, through RRC signaling.

[0261] In some embodiments, the length of the basic time unit may include, for example, at least one of the aforementioned embodiments.

[0262] In some embodiments, the coding capability of the first device may include supported linear coding methods, supported channel coding methods, etc.

[0263] In some embodiments, the waveform generation method of the first device may include but is not limited to OOK, ASK, FSK, GMSK, O-QPSK, DBPSK, etc.

[0264] In some embodiments, the device capabilities of the first device may include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0265] Whether it has energy storage capabilities, energy storage level, whether it supports active signal transmission, and supported energy collection methods, such as light energy, thermal energy, radio frequency energy, mechanical energy, kinetic energy, etc.

[0266] In some embodiments, the device type of the first device may include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following:

[0267] Device A: has no energy storage capability and no independent signal generation / amplification capability, that is, it only supports backscatter transmission.

[0268] Device B: Has energy storage capabilities but no independent signal generation capabilities, i.e., supports backscatter transmission. The use of stored energy can include amplification of reflected signals.

[0269] Device C: has energy storage capability and independent signal generation capability, i.e., an active RF component for transmission.

[0270] In some embodiments, the channel quality between the first device and the network side device may include, but is not limited to: reference signal receiving power (RSRP), reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ), received signal strength indication (RSSI), and received signal channel power (RSCP).

[0271] In some embodiments, the control information type or format corresponding to the target signal may be, for example, a UCI or DCI type or format corresponding to the target signal, where the UCI or DCI is the UCI or DCI of the resource that calls the target signal.

[0272] In some embodiments, multiple MCS tables may be set for different device capabilities, services, or deployment scenarios. The first device may select a target MCS table based on its own capabilities or the service or deployment scenario carried by the target signal, and then select target modulation and coding parameters in the target MCS table. As an example, the first device may select target modulation and coding parameters in the target MCS table based on the service carried by the target signal, device capabilities or functions, etc.

[0273] In other embodiments, multiple MCS tables can be set for different waveform generation methods. The first device can select a target MCS table based on the waveform generation method used by the target signal, and then select target modulation and coding related parameters in the target MCS table.

[0274] In some embodiments, the network side device may send indication information to the first device, where the indication information is used to indicate target modulation and coding related parameters. For example, the indication information may be an MCS index, where the MCS index points to a set of parameters in an MCS table.

[0275] In some embodiments, determining a target number of bits used to transmit the target signal based on the target number and the third information includes:

[0276] determining, according to the target number and the third information, a number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal;

[0277] A target number of bits used for transmitting the target signal is determined according to the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal.

[0278] In the embodiment of the present application, the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal refers to the number of information bits that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal.

[0279] Case 1: If the target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal.

[0280] In this case, the first device may calculate the product of the target number and each parameter included in the third information, and use the rounded result of the product as the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal.

[0281] For example, the number of information bits used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the following formula:

[0282] Among them, N info Indicates the number of information bits used to transmit the target signal;

[0283] N REIndicates the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal;

[0284] R linecoding Indicates the linear encoding bit rate;

[0285] R channelcoding Indicates the channel coding rate;

[0286] Q m Indicates the modulation order.

[0287] It should be understood that in the above formula, rounding up can also be replaced by rounding down, or rounding to the nearest integer.

[0288] Case 2: The target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit multiple transmissions of the target signal.

[0289] In this case, when calculating the number of information bits that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal, the number of minimum resource elements that can be used for multiple transmissions of the target signal can be first divided by the number of repeated transmissions to convert it into the number of minimum resource elements that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal, and then the number of information bits that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal can be calculated in combination with the third information; alternatively, the number of information bits used for multiple transmissions of the target signal can be first calculated based on the target number, and then divided by the number of repeated transmissions to convert it into the number of information bits that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal.

[0290] In some implementations, the first device may calculate the product of the target number and the various parameters included in the third information, and divide the product by the number of repeated transmissions of the target signal to obtain an integer as the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal.

[0291] For example, the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the following formula. In other words, the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal satisfies the following formula:

[0292] Among them, N info Indicates the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal;

[0293] N RE N represents the number of Ns available for the target signal. Rep The minimum number of resource elements for repeated transmission;

[0294] R linecoding Indicates the linear encoding bit rate;

[0295] R channelcoding Indicates the channel coding rate;

[0296] Q m Indicates the modulation order.

[0297] s represents the scaling factor;

[0298] N Rep Indicates the number of repeated transmissions of the target signal.

[0299] It should be understood that in the above formula, rounding up can also be replaced by rounding down, or rounding to the nearest integer.

[0300] In some embodiments, the first device may directly determine the target number of bits used to transmit the target signal based on the number of information bits available for transmitting the target signal.

[0301] In some embodiments, determining a target number of bits used for transmitting the target signal based on the number of information bits available for transmitting the target signal includes:

[0302] According to the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal, a target number of bits used to transmit the target signal is determined in a target second table, wherein the target second table includes a plurality of candidate bit numbers.

[0303] For example, the candidate bit number in the target second table that is closest to the number of information bits and is less than or equal to the number of information bits is used as the target bit number used to transmit the target signal.

[0304] In some embodiments, the values ​​of the candidate bit numbers in the target second table include at least one of integer multiples of Y bits and integer multiples of Z bits, where Y and Z are positive integers greater than 1.

[0305] For example, Y may be 8, and Z may be 10. That is, the candidate bit number may be an integer multiple of 8 bits or an integer multiple of 10 bits.

[0306] In the embodiment of the present application, the second table is also called a TBS table.

[0307] In some embodiments, the target second table is one of a plurality of candidate second tables, and the plurality of candidate second tables are associated with different fourth information, wherein the fourth information includes at least one of the following:

[0308] The service carried in the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, the length of the basic time unit, the coding capability of the first device, the device processing delay of the first device, the waveform generation method of the first device, the device capability of the first device, the device type of the first device, the power level of the first device, the channel quality between the first device and the network side device, and the control information type or format corresponding to the target signal. For the specific implementation of each information in the fourth information, refer to the relevant description of the aforementioned embodiment. For the sake of brevity, it will not be repeated here.

[0309] For example, multiple TBS tables can be set for different device capabilities or services or deployment scenarios. The first device can select a target TBS table from multiple TBS tables based on its own capabilities or the services or deployment scenarios carried in the target signal, and then select the target number of bits in the target TBS table.

[0310] For another example, multiple TBS tables may be set for different waveform generation methods. The first device may select a target TBS table based on the waveform generation method used by the target signal, and then determine the target number of bits in the target TBS table according to the indication of the first indication information.

[0311] In some embodiments, the plurality of candidate second tables may be specified by a protocol, or configured by a network-side device (or a control node of the first device), for example, through RRC signaling.

[0312] In the embodiment of the present application, the scaling factor is used to scale the bit size required to transmit the target signal. For example, the scaling factor ranges from 0 to 1. For example, under certain channel environments, device capabilities, and power levels, the first device needs to ensure better transmission performance. In this case, the scaling factor is needed to reduce the bit size and transmit a smaller number of bits.

[0313] In some embodiments of the present application, the first indication information is sent via at least one of the following:

[0314] Radio Resource Control RRC signaling, Media Access Control Element MAC CE, Layer 1 signaling, bit block.

[0315] Optionally, the layer 1 signaling may be a PDCCH or a dedicated downlink channel or downlink signal carrying TBS related information.

[0316] In some embodiments, when the target signal is carried by a TB, the bit block is also referred to as a TB.

[0317] For example, if the target signal is a downlink signal, the network-side device may carry the target signal through a first TB. The first TB may carry first indication information, where the first indication information is used to indicate the transport block size used to transmit the target signal. Optionally, the first indication information may be carried in an overhead signal within the first TB, for example, by a preamble, a reference signal, or a delimiter.

[0318] For another example, the target signal is an uplink signal, and the network side device can send a first indication information through the second TB to indicate the TBS used to transmit the target signal. The first device can then use the TBS indicated by the network side device to send a third TB, which carries the target signal.

[0319] In some embodiments, the first indication information is a first index, and the first index is used to indicate the target number of bits. For example, the first index may explicitly or implicitly indicate the target number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

[0320] For example, the first index may be an index of the target number of bits, and the first device may query the target number of bits based on the index of the target number of bits; or the first index may indicate information used to determine the target number of bits, and the first device may calculate the target number of bits based on the information.

[0321] In some embodiments, the information related to the target number of bits indicated by the first indication information belongs to a target third table, the target third table is one of a plurality of candidate third tables, and the plurality of candidate third tables are associated with different fifth information.

[0322] In some embodiments, the fifth information includes at least one of the following:

[0323] The service carried in the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, device capabilities, device type, power level, waveform used by the first device, channel quality between the first device and the network-side device, and control information format. For the specific implementation of each piece of information in the fifth information, refer to the relevant description of the preceding embodiment and are not repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0324] For example, multiple candidate third tables can be set for different device capabilities or services or deployment scenarios, etc. The first device can select the target third table based on its own capabilities or the services or deployment scenarios carried in the target signal, and then determine the target number of bits in the target third table according to the indication of the first indication information.

[0325] For another example, multiple candidate third tables can be set for different waveform generation methods. The first device can select the target third table based on the waveform generation method used by the target signal, and then determine the target number of bits in the target third table according to the indication of the first indication information.

[0326] In some embodiments, the plurality of candidate third tables may be specified by a protocol, or configured by a network-side device (or a control node of the first device), for example, through RRC signaling.

[0327] In some embodiments of the present application, the method 200 further includes:

[0328] If the first device does not use the number of bits determined based on the first indication information, second indication information is sent to the network device, where the second indication information indicates a target number of bits to be used by the first device. This ensures that the network device and the first device have a consistent understanding of the target number of bits used to transmit the target signal, thereby ensuring transmission reliability of the target signal.

[0329] For example, when the first device does not use the number of bits determined by the first indication information, the target number of bits used by the parameter target signal can be determined based on at least one of the resource allocation information, resource overhead information, modulation and coding related parameters and scaling factors of the target signal.

[0330] In some embodiments, the second indication information may be sent through at least one of the following signaling:

[0331] Uplink RRC, uplink MAC CE, uplink control information, uplink TB.

[0332] Furthermore, the network-side device may receive the target signal based on the target number of bits indicated by the second indication information. For example, when the target signal is transmitted via the fourth TB, the first device may indicate the target number of bits used to transmit the target signal in the fourth TB. Optionally, the second indication information may be carried in an overhead signal within the fourth TB, for example, via a preamble, a reference signal, or a delimiter.

[0333] In some embodiments of the present application, the first device may use a fixed number of bits to transmit the target signal. The number of bits actually used to transmit the target signal may be indicated in the TB carrying the target signal, for example, through an overhead signal within the TB, such as a preamble, a reference signal, or a delimiter.

[0334] In the following, in combination with Example 1, taking the target number of bits as TBS as an example, the specific process of the method for determining the number of signal bits provided in the embodiment of the present application is described.

[0335] Example 1:

[0336] As shown in FIG12 , the following steps may be included:

[0337] Step 301: Calculate the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the time-frequency domain resources allocated for the target signal.

[0338] For example, the first device can determine the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal based on the minimum number of resource elements included in the resources allocated to the target signal and the minimum number of resource elements included in the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal. The resources allocated to the target signal include resource overhead for the target signal (or load) and the target signal. The resources allocated to the target signal minus the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal can be used as the resources that can be used to transmit the target signal. For example, the number of minimum resource elements included in the resources allocated to the target signal minus the minimum number of resource elements included in the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal can be used as the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal.

[0339] In some embodiments, if the target signal is transmitted repeatedly, the resources allocated to the target signal may be in the following two situations:

[0340] Case 1: Resources allocated to a target signal include resources for one repetition transmission of the target signal.

[0341] In this case, the minimum number of resource elements included in the resources allocated for a repeated transmission of the target signal can be subtracted from the minimum number of resource elements included in the resource overhead of the target signal to determine the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for a repeated transmission of the target signal on the resources allocated for the target signal.

[0342] Furthermore, the TBS used to transmit the target signal can be determined based on the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for one repeated transmission of the target signal on the resources allocated to the target signal. In this case, the determined TBS can be applicable to each repeated transmission of the target signal.

[0343] In some cases, resource overheads of multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal are the same. In this case, any repeated transmission may be selected to calculate the minimum number of resource elements available for one repeated transmission of the target signal on the resources allocated to the target signal.

[0344] In other cases, the resource overheads of multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal may be different. In this case, one repeated transmission may be selected based on a predefined rule or an instruction from a network-side device to calculate the minimum number of resource elements available for one repeated transmission of the target signal on the resources allocated to the target signal. For example, the first repeated transmission of the target signal, the last repeated transmission, or the repeated transmission with the highest overhead may be selected.

[0345] Case 2: The resources allocated for the target signal include resources used for all repeated transmissions of the target signal.

[0346] In this case, the total number of minimum resource elements available for the multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal can be determined by subtracting the total number of minimum resource elements included in the resource overhead for each repeated transmission from the total number of minimum resource elements included in the time-frequency domain resources allocated for the multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal. The minimum number of resource elements occupied by the resource overhead for each repeated transmission of the target signal can be the same or different, for example, some overhead signals are shared, while some overhead signals need to be sent for each repeated transmission.

[0347] In some embodiments, the target signal may use an OOK waveform, an ASK waveform, an FSK waveform, a GMSK waveform, an O-QPSK waveform, a DBPSK waveform, or the like. These waveforms are slightly different from OFDM waveforms. For example, for OOK waveforms, O-QPSK waveforms, DBPSK waveforms, etc., after the bandwidth is divided, the size of the frequency domain resources occupied by the signal does not affect its transmission rate. Its minimum resource element should be determined by the number of chips it is divided into in the time domain; for FSK waveforms, its minimum resource element should be determined in combination with the number of frequency bands it is divided into in the frequency domain; however, regardless of the waveform, its minimum resource element can be determined by the rate size. Therefore, for low-power signals, the minimum resource element can be defined as the minimum resource element that can carry information in a basic time unit within the bandwidth divided by the signal. The basic time unit here can be at least 1 OFDM symbol, at least 1 slot, at least 1 subframe or at least one reference time unit (the reference time unit can be a time unit of predefined length); using NR OFDM symbol or NR slot as the basic time unit can better align with the existing NR structure, but this is under the premise that low-power devices such as A-IoT devices have certain capabilities. For example, AIOT devices can flexibly set the signal transmission length to align it with OFDM symbols of different CP lengths; if the device is limited by conditions such as equipment or power consumption and cannot align with the NR resource grid, then the A-IoT device needs to redefine the basic time unit of transmission, and it is not suitable to reuse the NR resource definition.

[0348] The following describes a method for calculating the minimum number of resource elements that can carry information on a basic time unit in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0349] For example, for waveforms such as OOK, O-QPSK, and DBPSK, the rate unit is the chip rate. Assuming that the basic time unit is an OFDM symbol, to determine the minimum number of resource elements that can be transmitted in one OFDM symbol for the above waveforms, when the chip rate = 28kcps, the slot length (durationslot) = 0.5ms, and there are 14 NR OFDM symbols in one slot, the minimum number of resource elements that can be transmitted in one OFDM symbol is N. MRE =chip rate*durationslot / 14=1, which means that the minimum number of resource elements that can carry information on the basic time unit (one OFDM symbol) is 1; assuming that the basic time unit is NR slot, according to the above assumption, N can be calculated. MRE =chip rate*durationslot=14, which means that the minimum number of resource units that can carry information in a basic time unit (one slot) is 14.

[0350] In some embodiments, N MRE The size may be limited by factors such as channel quality, latency, and the capabilities of the transmitting and receiving equipment.

[0351] In addition to calculating the minimum number of resource elements that can carry information on a basic time unit based on the modulation mode and chip rate, it can also be directly configured by the network side device. For example, the network side device can determine N based on factors such as channel status. MRE size.

[0352] In some embodiments, N MRE Parameters related to modulation and coding can be configured together. For example, the network side device can indicate the MCS index to the first device. According to the MCS index, N can be queried in the MCS table (corresponding to the first table in the previous text). MRE and modulation and coding related parameters.

[0353] In some embodiments, the content in the MCS table may be related to at least one of the following:

[0354] The service to be transmitted of the first device, such as a DO service or a DT service;

[0355] The deployment scenario of the first device, such as protected bandwidth deployment, in-band deployment, and standalone deployment;

[0356] device capability of the first device, such as an active device or a passive device;

[0357] a device type of the first device, such as device A, device B, or device C;

[0358] a power class of the first device, e.g., a device may have multiple power classes, and the power class here may be the power class used by the device;

[0359] A waveform generation method of the first device, such as using OFDM or non-OFDM waveforms, such as OOK, FSK, PSK, etc.;

[0360] The channel quality between the first device and the network side device, such as CSI or RSRP;

[0361] The format or type of the control information corresponding to the target signal.

[0362] At least one of the above factors affects the content and selection of the MCS table.

[0363] For example, according to different services, DO-MCS tables or DT-MCS tables are set respectively, wherein the packet size, minimum number of resource units, number of time units, etc. associated with different services may be different. The parameters in each MCS table, such as N MRE , Modulation, Order code rate, etc. will be different.

[0364] For another example, the OFDM MCS table and the non-OFDM MCS table can be set separately according to different waveform generation methods. For downlink services, since the OOK bandwidth based on the OFDM waveform is different from the OOK bandwidth based on the non-OFDM waveform, for example, the OOK bandwidth based on the OFDM waveform is 5MHz, and the OOK bandwidth based on the non-OFDM waveform is 180KHz, the code rate in the non-OFDM MCS table is larger than that in the OFDM MCS table.

[0365] In some embodiments, multiple MCS tables can be predefined or preconfigured (for example, preconfigured by a control node), and the multiple MCS tables are suitable for different situations, such as those associated with different services, deployment scenarios, device capabilities, device types, power levels, waveform generation methods, channel quality, control information formats / types, etc.

[0366] In other embodiments, an MCS table may be predefined or preconfigured, with different rows in the MCS table including MCSs applicable to different situations, such as those associated with different services, deployment scenarios, device capabilities, device types, power levels, waveform generation methods, channel quality, control information formats / types, etc. For example, the first 10 rows may include MCSs applicable to service 1, and the last 10 rows may include MCSs applicable to service 2. Alternatively, an MCS table may be defined, with the same row in the MCS table including multiple elements, each element including an MCS applicable to a different situation.

[0367] Table 2 shows an example of an MCS table provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0368] Table 2: MCS table

[0369] As can be seen from Table 2, N can be queried through MCS index MRE and a set of tuning and encoding parameters.

[0370] Among them, N MRE : Indicates the minimum number of resource elements that can be carried in a basic time unit.

[0371] Modulation (optional): Indicates the way the minimum resource element carries bits, such as OOK, O-QPSK, FSK, M-ASK, etc. For example, 00 represents ASK, 01 represents O-QPSK, and 10 represents FSK.

[0372] Modulation order Qm: This represents the number of bits that can be carried by a minimum resource element and is a positive integer. For example, the modulation order for OOK is 1, the modulation order for O-QPSK is 2, and the modulation order for M-ASK is log2(M).

[0373] Linear Coding Scheme: Linear coding schemes include, but are not limited to, Manchester code, FM0 code, Miller code, and extended sequence. Linear coding is used to adjust the data rate and has no error correction capability. Extended sequence has a similar purpose to linear coding: it extends individual bits to achieve better coverage. Table 3 shows an example of an available extended sequence.

[0374] Table 3: Mapping relationship between transmission bits and extension sequences

[0375] Channel coding scheme: For example, it can include convolutional codes, LDPC, Polar, Hamming, Reed-muller and other error correction coding schemes, among which the channel coding method is optional;

[0376] Bit rate: The bit rate here refers to the ratio of the bit length before and after encoding, which is a value between 0 and 1;

[0377] Spectral efficiency: Determined by the above parameters, it represents the achievable spectrum efficiency corresponding to an MCS and is a value between 0 and 1.

[0378] In summary, the minimum number of resource elements N is obtained through the above steps MRE Then, according to the number of basic time units allocated for the target signal and the minimum number of resource elements included in the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal, the minimum number of resource elements N that can be used to transmit the target signal can be determined. RE .

[0379] Step 302: Based on the minimum number N of resource elements available for transmitting the target signal RE , determine the number of information bits N that can be used to transmit the target signal info .

[0380] For example, the minimum number of resource elements N that can be used to transmit the target signal calculated in step 301 is RE , and at least one of the modulation type, modulation order, line code rate, channel coding rate, and scaling factor corresponding to the target, to determine the number of information bits N that can be used to transmit the target signal info For example, the above parameters are multiplied and then rounded down or rounded up to obtain the number of information bits N that can be used to transmit the target signal. info .

[0381] For example, the number of information bits N that can be used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the following formula: info :

[0382] Among them, R linecoding Indicates the line code rate, R channelcoding represents the channel coding rate, Q m represents the modulation order; s represents the scaling factor.

[0383] In some embodiments, the modulation order, line code rate, and channel code rate may be obtained from an MCS table.

[0384] Due to the differences between the waveform generation and encoding methods of the first device and those of the traditional terminal, the code rate needs to be redefined. For example, if the waveform generation process includes both linear coding and channel coding, the first device first performs channel coding on the signal and then linear coding, so the calculation of N info When , it is necessary to multiply the code rates corresponding to channel coding and linear coding separately.

[0385] In the embodiment of the present application, the scaling factor is used to scale the bit size required to transmit the target signal. For example, the scaling factor ranges from 0 to 1. For example, under certain channel environments, device capabilities, and power levels, the first device needs to ensure better transmission performance. In this case, the scaling factor is needed to reduce the bit size and transmit a smaller TBS.

[0386] Step 303: Based on the number N of information bits available for transmitting the target signal info , determine the TBS used to transmit the target signal.

[0387] For example, in order to meet certain transmission rules, N info To quantify and determine the TBS used to transmit the target signal, for example, according to N info Find the distance from N from the TBS table info Closest to and not exceeding N info The TBS used for transmitting the target signal is TBS, that is, TBS <= N info .

[0388] In some embodiments, the value of TBS in the TBS table may be an integer multiple of Y, where Y is a positive integer. For example, when considering the integrity of byte transmission, Y=8.

[0389] In some embodiments, the value of TBS in the TBS table may be an integer multiple of Z, where Z is a positive integer. For example, Z=10.

[0390] In some embodiments, multiple TBS tables can be established according to different rules, for example, TBS tables associated with at least one of different services, different deployment scenarios, different basic time units, coding capabilities, waveform generation methods (OFDM or non-OFDM generation methods), device processing delays, and other factors.

[0391] In some embodiments, the upper and lower limits of the TBS in different TBS tables can also be set differently based on the associated information. For example, the upper and lower limits of the TBS size in the TBS table can be set based on different services, different scheduling resources, etc. For example, if the current service requires the transmission of at least a 16-bit tag ID, the minimum TBS in the TBS table can be set to 8 bits.

[0392] Table 4 shows an example of a TBS table design to ensure byte transmission integrity. Each byte transmits 8 bits, so each TBS is a multiple of 8. Furthermore, current services require at least 16-bit tag IDs to be transmitted, so the minimum TBS in the TBS table is 8.

[0393] Table 4: TBS for N info

[0394] In the following, in conjunction with Example 2, a method for calculating the TBS used for transmitting a target signal under different modulation modes is described.

[0395] Example 2-1: Calculation method of TBS used for transmitting target signals using different OOK waveforms.

[0396] Case 1: The basic time unit is an OFDM symbol.

[0397] Step 301: Calculate the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the time-frequency domain resources allocated for the target signal.

[0398] When the basic time unit is NR OFDM symbol, it is necessary to determine the minimum number of resource elements occupied by OOK waveform in one OFDM symbol, that is, N MRE When the chip rate is 112 kcps, the slot length is durationslot = 0.5 ms, and there are 14 OFDM symbols in one slot, the minimum number of resource units in one OFDM symbol is N′ MRE =chip rate*durationslot / 14=4, which means that the minimum number of resource elements that can carry information in a basic time unit (one OFDM symbol) is 4.

[0399] In some embodiments, in addition to implicitly calculating how many minimum resource elements an OFDM symbol can carry based on parameters such as chip rate and duration slot, N MRE It can also be directly instructed by the network side device.

[0400] In some embodiments, N is affected by various factors such as channel quality and transceiver device capabilities. MRE The size of N is subject to certain restrictions. For example, for OOK signals, in order to meet certain link performance, a maximum of 8 minimum resource units may be transmitted on an OFDM symbol, so the first threshold is 8. Therefore, N MRE =min(8,N′ MRE )=4.

[0401] Assume that the minimum number of resource elements included in the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal is 0, and the total number of basic time units (OFDM symbols) allocated for transmitting the target signal is 20 symbols, then N RE =N MRE ·N TimeUnit -N overhead =4×20-0=80.

[0402] Step 302: Convert the minimum number of resource elements available for transmitting the target signal into the number of information bits Ninfo used for transmitting the target signal.

[0403] For example, the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the following formula: info :

[0404] where R linecoding , R channelcoding , Q m It can be indicated by the network side device.

[0405] For example, the network side device indicates the parameters in the corresponding MCS table according to the device capability, power level, service and other information of the first device, so that the first device can obtain the R linecoding =1 / 2 (using Manchester coding, 1 / 2 code rate), channel coding R channelcoding =1 / 2 (using polar code), Qm=1 (OOK modulation, corresponding to Qm=1). Substituting the parameter values ​​into the above formula, we can get:

[0406] Step 303: The number of information bits Ninfo used to transmit the target signal determines the TBS corresponding to the target signal.

[0407] For example, in the presence of TBS and N info When the corresponding relationship is found, the TBS size is obtained by looking up the table according to Ninfo. For example, the TBS size is found from the TBS table. info Closest to and not exceeding N info The TBS is taken as the target TBS, that is, the target TBS <= N info For example, in this embodiment, by querying Table 4, it can be known that TBS=16.

[0408] Case 2: The basic time unit is slot.

[0409] Step 301: Calculate the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the time-frequency domain resources allocated for the target signal.

[0410] If the basic time unit is slot, it is necessary to determine the minimum number of resource units occupied by the OOK waveform in one OFDM symbol, namely NMRE. For example, when the chip rate = 56kcps and the time slot length durationslot = 0.5ms, the minimum number of resource units in a slot is N′ MRE =chip rate*durationslot=28, which means that the minimum number of resource elements that can carry information in a basic time unit (one slot) is 28.

[0411] In some embodiments, in addition to implicitly calculating how many minimum resource elements an OFDM symbol can carry based on parameters such as chip rate and duration slot, N MRE It can also be directly instructed by the network side device.

[0412] In some embodiments, N is affected by various factors such as channel quality and transceiver device capabilities. MRE The size of N is subject to certain restrictions. For example, for OOK signals, in order to meet certain link performance, a maximum of 56 minimum resource units may be transmitted in one time slot, so the first threshold is 56. Therefore, N MRE =min(56,N′ MRE )=28.

[0413] Assume that the minimum number of resource elements included in the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal is 0, and the number of basic time units (slots) allocated for transmitting the target signal is 6, then N RE =N MRE ·N TimeUnit -N overhead =28×6-0=168.

[0414] Step 302: Determine the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal and convert it into the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal. info .

[0415] For example, the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the following formula: info :

[0416] Assume that R obtained from the MCS table linecoding=1 / 4 (using Miller coding, 1 / 4 code rate), no channel coding, Qm=1 (OOK modulation, corresponding to Qm=1). Since the first device is a passive tag (cannot store energy), in order to ensure transmission reliability, the first device decides to use a lower code rate (using Miller coding, 1 / 8 code rate). The first device needs to inform the receiving end of this part of the content; Substituting the parameter values ​​into the above formula, we can get:

[0417] Step 303: The number of information bits Ninfo used to transmit the target signal determines the TBS corresponding to the target signal.

[0418] For example, in the presence of TBS and N info When the corresponding relationship is info Get the TBS size by looking up the table, for example, find the distance from N from the TBS table. info Closest to and not exceeding N info The TBS is taken as the target TBS, that is, the target TBS <= N info For example, in this example, it can be known from Table 4 that TBS=16.

[0419] Example 2-2: Calculation method of TBS used for transmitting target signals using different O-QPSK waveforms.

[0420] Case 1: TBS calculation without resource overhead.

[0421] Step 301: Calculate the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the time-frequency domain resources allocated for the target signal.

[0422] Assume that the target signal uses O-QPSK waveform, the basic time unit is NR OFDM symbol, the transmission rate chip rate = 112kcps, the time slot length duration slot = 0.5ms, and there are 14 OFDM symbols in a slot. For O-QPSK waveform, there are two IQ paths. Here, the chip rate is the sum of the rates of the two IQ paths. Therefore, the minimum resource unit MRE in an OFDM symbol is N′ MRE =chip rate*durationslot / 14 / 2=2. In this case, one minimum resource unit carries both IQ information.

[0423] Assuming the number of OFDM symbols is 20 and there is no resource overhead, the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal can be calculated using the following formula: N RE =N MRE ·N TimeUnit -N overhead =2×20-0=40.

[0424] Step 302: Determine the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal and convert it into the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal. info .

[0425] For example, the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the following formula: info :

[0426] Assume that R = 4 / 32 obtained from the MCS table (using a spreading sequence, 4 bits will be expanded to 32 bits), no channel coding is used, and Qm = 2 (O-QPSK modulation corresponds to Qm = 2). Substituting the parameter values ​​into the above formula yields:

[0427] In some embodiments, the correspondence between the spreading sequence and the original information bit is shown in Table 5:

[0428] Table 5

[0429] Step 303: Number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal info Determine the TBS corresponding to the target signal.

[0430] For example, in the presence of TBS and N info When the corresponding relationship is info Get the TBS size by looking up the table, for example, find the distance from N from the TBS table. info Closest to and not exceeding N info The TBS is taken as the target TBS, that is, the target TBS <= N info For example, by looking up Table 6, we can know that TBS=8.

[0431] Table 6: TBS for N info

[0432] Case 2: TBS calculation with resource overhead

[0433] Step 301: Calculate the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the time-frequency domain resources allocated for the target signal.

[0434] Assuming that the target signal adopts O-QPSK waveform, the basic time unit is the newly defined time unit, and N is obtained through the instruction of the network side device. MRE =4.

[0435] Assume that the number of basic time units N allocated for the target signalTimeUnit =20, the minimum number of resource units occupied by the reference signal N RS =8, the minimum number of resource units occupied by the preamble signal N preamble =16, the minimum number of resource units occupied by dummy data N dummyData =2. The minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal is calculated according to the following formula: N overhead =N RS +N preamble +N dummyData +N other =8+16+2=26 N RE =N MRE ·N TimeUnit -N overhead =4×20-24=54.

[0436] Step 302: Determine the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal and convert it into the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal. info .

[0437] For example, the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the following formula: info :

[0438] Assume that R = 4 / 32 obtained from the MCS table (using a spreading sequence, 4 bits will be expanded to 32 bits), no channel coding is used, and Qm = 2 (O-QPSK modulation corresponds to Qm = 2). Substituting the parameter values ​​into the above formula yields:

[0439] In some embodiments, the correspondence between the spreading sequence and the original information bit is shown in Table 7 below:

[0440] Table 7

[0441] Step 303: Number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal info Determine the TBS corresponding to the target signal.

[0442] For example, in the presence of TBS and N info When the corresponding relationship is found, the TBS size is obtained by looking up the table according to Ninfo. For example, the TBS size is found from the TBS table. info Closest to and not exceeding N info The TBS is taken as the target TBS, that is, the target TBS <= N info For example, by looking up Table 6, we can know that TBS=12.

[0443] Case 3: Calculation of TBS when there are duplicate transmissions.

[0444] Case 3-1: The resources allocated by the network-side device are resources used for multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal.

[0445] Step 301: Calculate the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the time-frequency domain resources allocated for the target signal.

[0446] Assuming that the target signal adopts O-QPSK waveform, the basic time unit is the newly defined time unit, and N is obtained through the instruction of the network side device. MRE =4.

[0447] In some cases, in repeated transmission, the signal preamble, gap (delimiter and dummy data) are shared by multiple repeated transmissions, and the reference signal needs to be transmitted for each transmission. Therefore, the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal can be calculated according to the following formula: N RE =N MRE ·N TimeUnit -N overhead N overhead =N RS ·N Rep +N preamble +N delimiter +N dummyData +N control +N other

[0448] Assume that the number of basic time units N TimeUnit =40, where the number of basic time units is used for multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal. The minimum number of resource units N occupied by the reference signal in each repeated transmission RS =8, used for phase estimation, the minimum number of resource units N occupied by the preamble signal in multiple repeated transmissions preamble =16, used for timing, the minimum number of resource units occupied by dummy data N dummyData =4, used to mark the end of symbol transmission. Repeat transmission times N Rep =2. Then the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal can be calculated according to the following formula: N overhead =N RS ·N Rep +N preamble +N delimiter +N dummyData +N other =8×2+16+4=36 N RE =NMRE ·N TimeUnit -N overhead =4×40-36=124.

[0449] It should be understood that the aforementioned first threshold may also be considered when calculating the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal, which will not be described in detail here.

[0450] Step 302: Convert the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal into the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal. info .

[0451] Due to the existence of repeated transmission, it is necessary to calculate the N for each repeated transmission of the target signal. info .

[0452] As an implementation method, N for each repeated transmission of the target signal can be calculated according to the following formula: info :

[0453] Assume that R=4 / 32 obtained from the MCS table (using the spreading sequence, 4 bits will be expanded to 32 bits), no channel coding is used, Q m =2(O-QPSK modulation, corresponding to Q m =2). Then, by substituting into the above formula, we can obtain:

[0454] In some embodiments, the correspondence between the spreading sequence and the original information bit is shown in Table 8 below.

[0455] Table 8

[0456] Step 303: Number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal info Determine the TBS corresponding to the target signal.

[0457] For example, in the presence of TBS and N info When the corresponding relationship is info Get the TBS size by looking up the table, for example, find the distance from N from the TBS table. info Closest to and not exceeding N info The TBS is taken as the target TBS, that is, the target TBS <= N info For example, by looking up Table 6, we can see that TBS=16.

[0458] Case 3-2: The resources allocated by the network-side device are resources for one repeated transmission of the target signal.

[0459] Step 301: Calculate the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal on the time-frequency domain resources allocated for the target signal.

[0460] Assuming that the target signal adopts O-QPSK waveform, the basic time unit is the newly defined time unit, and N is obtained through the instruction of the network side device. MRE =4.

[0461] In some cases, in repeated transmission, the signal preamble, gap (delimiter and dummy data) are shared by multiple repeated transmissions, and the reference signal is required for each transmission. Therefore, the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal can be calculated according to the following formula: N RE =N MRE ·N TimeUnit -N overhead N overhead =N RS ·N Rep +N preamble +N delimiter +N dummyData +N control +N other

[0462] Assume that the number of basic time units N TimeUnit = 20, where the basic time unit number is used for one repeated transmission of the target signal. The first device selects which repeated transmission to calculate N RE This can be predefined or indicated by the network device, for example, selecting the first repeated transmission, the last repeated transmission, or the repeated transmission with the highest overhead. Assume that the first repeated transmission (also the one with the highest overhead) is selected. For repeated transmissions with lower overhead, some resources may not be utilized. In this case, some bit padding or repetition can be performed, or no bit padding, i.e., no signal is sent, can be performed.

[0463] Assume that the minimum number of resource units occupied by the reference signal in each repeated transmission is N RS =8 is used for phase estimation. In the first repeated transmission, the minimum number of resource units occupied by the preamble signal is N preamble =8, used for timing. Then the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal is calculated as follows: N overhead =N RS +N preamble +N delimiter +N dummyData +N other =8+8=16 N RE =N MRE ·N TimeUnit -Noverhead =4×20-16=64.

[0464] Step 302: Determine the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal and convert it into the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal. info .

[0465] For example, the number of information bits N used to transmit the target signal is determined according to the following formula: info :

[0466] Assume that R=4 / 32 obtained from the MCS table (using the spreading sequence, 4 bits will be expanded to 32 bits), no channel coding is used, Q m =2(O-QPSK modulation, corresponding to Q m =2); Since the power level of the first device is low at this time, in order to ensure performance, the transmitted TBS needs to be reduced a little. At this time, a scaling factor needs to be multiplied, for example, s = 0.5, which can be obtained by substituting it into the above formula:

[0467] In some embodiments, the correspondence between the spreading sequence and the original information bit is shown in Table 9 below:

[0468] Table 9

[0469] Step 303: The number of information bits Ninfo used to transmit the target signal determines the TBS corresponding to the target signal.

[0470] For example, in the presence of TBS and N info When the corresponding relationship is info Get the TBS size by looking up the table, for example, find the distance from N from the TBS table. info Closest to and not exceeding N info The TBS is taken as the target TBS, that is, the target TBS <= N info For example, by looking up Table 6, we can know that TBS=8.

[0471] Example 3: The network side device indicates TBS related information.

[0472] For example, in an A-IoT network, the TBS may be calculated by a network-side device and notified to the first device, thereby reducing the burden of calculating the TBS on the first device.

[0473] In some embodiments, the network-side device may send first indication information to the first device to indicate TBS-related information. The first indication information may be sent through at least one of the following signaling:

[0474] RRC signaling, MAC-CE, Layer 1 signaling, TB.

[0475] Optionally, the layer 1 signaling may be a PDCCH or a dedicated downlink channel or downlink signal carrying TBS related information.

[0476] For example, the first indication information may be used to indicate a TBS index, and the TBS index may point to a row in a TBS table.

[0477] For another example, the first indication information can be used to indicate the TBS format index, and the TBS index is calculated based on the TB format index. The TBS index points to a row in the TBS table, thereby determining the final TBS. This indication method is more suitable for some situations where the TBS size and overhead are relatively fixed.

[0478] In some embodiments, the TBS table may be specified by a protocol, or may be configured by a network-side device, for example, via a system message or dedicated signaling (e.g., RRC signaling). The TBS table includes multiple sets of TBS index and TBS correspondences, and the network-side device may subsequently dynamically indicate the TBS index in the TBS table.

[0479] In some embodiments, the content of the TBS-related information indicated by the network-side device is related to at least one of the following:

[0480] The service to be transmitted of the first device (DO, DT service), the deployment scenario of the first device (for example, protected bandwidth deployment, in-band deployment, independent deployment), the device capability of the first device (for example, active tag, passive tag), the device type of the first device, the power level of the first device (a device may have multiple power classes), the waveform used by the first device for transmission (for example, OFDM or non-OFDM OOK), the channel quality between the first device and the network side device (for example, CSI or RSRP), and the control information type / format corresponding to the target signal.

[0481] At least one of the above factors affects the selection and content of the TBS form.

[0482] For example, the TBS table can be divided into DO-MCS index table or DT-MCS index table according to different services (the packet size, minimum number of resource units, number of time units, etc. involved in different services may be different), and the parameters in each table (N MRE, Modulation, Order code rate, etc.) will be different.

[0483] For example, the MCS table can be divided into OFDM TBS table and non-OFDM TBS table according to different waveform generation methods. For downlink services, since the OOK bandwidth based on the OFDM waveform is different from the OOK bandwidth based on the non-OFDM waveform, for example, the OOK bandwidth based on the OFDM waveform is 5MHz, and the OOK bandwidth based on the non-OFDM waveform is 180KHz, the TBS in the non-OFDM TBS table is larger than that in the OFDM TBS table.

[0484] In some embodiments, multiple TBS tables can be predefined or preconfigured (for example, preconfigured by a control node), and the multiple TBS tables are suitable for different situations, such as those associated with different services, deployment scenarios, device capabilities, device types, power levels, waveform generation methods, channel quality, control information formats / types, etc.

[0485] In other embodiments, a TBS table may be predefined or preconfigured, with different rows in the TBS table including TBSs applicable to different situations, such as those associated with different services, deployment scenarios, device capabilities, device types, power levels, waveform generation methods, channel quality, control information formats / types, etc. For example, the first eight rows may include TBSs applicable to service 1, and the last eight rows may include TBSs applicable to service 2. Alternatively, a TBS table may be defined, with the same row in the TBS table including multiple elements, each element including a TBS applicable to a different situation.

[0486] In summary, in the embodiments of the present application, the minimum resource unit and basic time unit of the low-power signal can be defined. Furthermore, the first device can determine the target number of bits of the low-power signal based on at least one of the resource allocation information, resource overhead information, modulation and coding related parameters, and scaling factors of the low-power signal. Furthermore, the first device can send or receive the low-power signal based on the target number of bits, which can improve transmission reliability and transmission efficiency. In addition, the method for determining the target number of bits provided in the embodiments of the present application has low implementation complexity and can be better applied to devices with limited capabilities.

[0487] The above text, in combination with Figures 11 to 12, describes in detail the method embodiment of the present application. The following text, in combination with Figures 13 to 17, describes in detail the device embodiment of the present application. It should be understood that the device embodiment and the method embodiment correspond to each other, and similar descriptions can refer to the method embodiment.

[0488] The method for determining the number of signal bits provided in the embodiment of the present application can be executed by a device for determining the number of signal bits. In the embodiment of the present application, the device for determining the number of signal bits performing the method for determining the number of signal bits is used as an example to illustrate the device for determining the number of signal bits provided in the embodiment of the present application.

[0489] FIG13 shows a schematic block diagram of a device 500 for determining the number of signal bits according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG13 , the device 500 includes:

[0490] The processing unit 510 is configured to determine a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal based on the first information, wherein the determining device 500 includes an A-IoT device;

[0491] The first information is first indication information of a network-side device, which is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits; or

[0492] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0493] resource allocation information of the target signal;

[0494] resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal;

[0495] Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal;

[0496] A scaling factor for the number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

[0497] In some embodiments, the resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal includes resource overhead formed by at least one of the following:

[0498] Reference signal, delimiter, signal used for synchronization, virtual signal, control information, interval.

[0499] In some embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal include at least one of the following:

[0500] Modulation method, modulation order, coding method, linear coding rate, channel coding rate.

[0501] In some embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are indicated by a network side device, or,

[0502] The modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are determined by the determining device 500 according to at least one of the following:

[0503] The service carried in the target signal, the capability of the determination device 500, and the power consumption of the determination device 500.

[0504] In some embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are selected from a target first table, the target first table including a plurality of sets of modulation and coding related parameters;

[0505] The target first table is one of a plurality of candidate first tables, and the plurality of candidate first tables are associated with different second information, and the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0506] The services carried in the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, the length of the basic time unit, the coding capability of the first device, the device processing delay of the first device, the waveform generation method of the first device, the device capability of the first device, the power level of the first device, the channel quality between the first device and the network side device, and the type or format of the control information corresponding to the target signal.

[0507] In some embodiments, the resource allocation information of the target signal includes at least one of the following:

[0508] the length of the basic time unit;

[0509] A first quantity, used to indicate the quantity of basic time units included in the resources allocated to the target signal;

[0510] The second quantity is used to indicate the minimum number of resource elements that can carry information on a basic time unit.

[0511] In some embodiments, the first number is the number of basic time units included in resources allocated for a single transmission of the target signal, or the number of basic time units included in resources allocated for multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal.

[0512] In some embodiments, the time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element is the minimum time unit that the signal sent by the determination device 500 can carry information in one basic time unit.

[0513] In some embodiments, the time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element is a time unit within a preset bandwidth.

[0514] In some embodiments, the first number is indicated by a network-side device; or

[0515] The second number is indicated by the network side device, or is determined by the determination device 500 according to the modulation parameters of the target signal, wherein the modulation parameters of the target signal include at least one of the modulation mode, modulation order and modulation rate.

[0516] In some embodiments, the second number is less than or equal to a first threshold, and the first threshold is specified by a protocol or indicated by a network-side device.

[0517] In some embodiments, the processing unit 510 is further configured to:

[0518] Determining a target number according to the first number, the second number, and a third number, wherein the third number is a minimum number of resource elements included in the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal, and the target number is a minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal;

[0519] A target number of bits used to transmit the target signal is determined based on the target number and third information, wherein the third information includes at least one of modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal and the scaling factor.

[0520] In some embodiments, the processing unit 510 is further configured to:

[0521] multiplying the first number by the second number as a fourth number, where the fourth number is the minimum number of resource elements included in the resources allocated to the target signal;

[0522] The difference between the fourth quantity and the third quantity is determined as the target quantity.

[0523] In some embodiments, the target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal, and the target number is less than or equal to a second threshold, which is specified by the protocol or indicated by a network-side device.

[0524] In some embodiments, the processing unit 510 is further configured to:

[0525] determining, according to the target number and the third information, a number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal;

[0526] A target number of bits used for transmitting the target signal is determined according to the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal.

[0527] In some embodiments, the processing unit 510 is further configured to:

[0528] If the target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal, calculate the product of the target number and each parameter included in the third information, and use the rounded result of the product as the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal; or

[0529] If the target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit multiple transmissions of the target signal, calculate the product of the target number and the various parameters included in the third information, and divide the product by the number of repeated transmissions of the target signal to obtain the integer result as the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal.

[0530] In some embodiments, the processing unit 510 is further configured to:

[0531] According to the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal, a target number of bits used to transmit the target signal is determined in a target second table, wherein the target second table includes a plurality of candidate bit numbers.

[0532] In some embodiments, the processing unit 510 is further configured to:

[0533] The candidate bit number in the target second table that is closest to the number of information bits and is smaller than or equal to the number of information bits is used as the target bit number used to transmit the target signal.

[0534] In some embodiments, the values ​​of the candidate bit numbers in the target second table include at least one of an integer multiple of Y bits and an integer multiple of Z bits, where Y and Z are positive integers greater than 1.

[0535] In some embodiments, the target second table is one of multiple candidate second tables, and the multiple candidate second tables are associated with different fourth information, wherein the fourth information includes at least one of the following: the service carried in the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, the length of the basic time unit, the coding capability of the first device, the device processing delay of the first device, the waveform generation method of the first device, the device capability of the first device, the power level of the first device, the channel quality between the first device and the network side device, and the control information type or format corresponding to the target signal.

[0536] In some embodiments, the first indication information is sent via at least one of the following:

[0537] Radio Resource Control RRC signaling, Media Access Control Element MAC CE, Layer 1 signaling, bit block.

[0538] In some embodiments, the first indication information is a first index, and the first index is used to indicate the target number of bits.

[0539] In some embodiments, the information related to the target number of bits indicated by the first indication information belongs to a target third table, the target third table is one of a plurality of candidate third tables, and the plurality of candidate third tables are associated with different fifth information, wherein the fifth information includes at least one of the following:

[0540] The services carried in the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, the length of the basic time unit, the coding capability of the determination device 500, the device processing delay of the determination device 500, the waveform generation method of the determination device 500, the device capability of the determination device 500, the power level of the determination device 500, the channel quality between the determination device 500 and the network side device, and the type or format of the control information corresponding to the target signal.

[0541] In some embodiments, the determining device 500 further includes:

[0542] A communication unit is used to send second indication information to the network side device when the determination device 500 does not use the number of bits determined according to the first indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate the target number of bits used by the determination device 500.

[0543] Optionally, in some embodiments, the communication unit may be a communication interface or a transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or a system on chip.

[0544] It should be understood that the determination device 500 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the first device in the method embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the device 500 are respectively for realizing the corresponding processes of the first device in the method embodiment shown in Figures 11 to 12 and achieving the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0545] FIG14 shows a schematic block diagram of a device 600 for determining the number of signal bits according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG14 , the device 600 includes:

[0546] A communication unit 610 is configured to send target information to a first device, where the target information is used by the first device to determine a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal. The first device includes an A-IoT device.

[0547] The target information includes one of the following instructions:

[0548] resource allocation information of the target signal;

[0549] Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal;

[0550] The first indication information is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits.

[0551] In some embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal include at least one of the following:

[0552] Modulation method, modulation order, coding method, linear coding rate, channel coding rate.

[0553] In some embodiments, the modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are selected from a target first table, the target first table including a plurality of sets of modulation and coding related parameters;

[0554] The target first table is one of a plurality of candidate first tables, and the plurality of candidate first tables are associated with different second information, and the second information includes at least one of the following:

[0555] The services carried in the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, the length of the basic time unit, the coding capability of the first device, the device processing delay of the first device, the waveform generation method of the first device, the device capability of the first device, the power level of the first device, the channel quality between the first device and the network side device, and the control information type or format corresponding to the target signal.

[0556] In some embodiments, the resource allocation information of the target signal includes at least one of the following:

[0557] the length of the basic time unit;

[0558] A first quantity, used to indicate the quantity of basic time units included in the resources allocated to the target signal;

[0559] The second quantity is used to indicate the minimum number of resource elements that can carry information on a basic time unit.

[0560] In some embodiments, the first number is the number of basic time units included in resources allocated for a single transmission of the target signal, or the number of basic time units included in resources allocated for multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal.

[0561] In some embodiments, the time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element is the minimum time unit that the signal sent by the determination device 500 can carry information in one basic time unit.

[0562] In some embodiments, the time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element is a time unit within a preset bandwidth.

[0563] Optionally, in some embodiments, the communication unit may be a communication interface or a transceiver, or an input / output interface of a communication chip or a system on chip.

[0564] It should be understood that the signal bit number determination device 600 according to the embodiment of the present application may correspond to the network side device in the method embodiment of the present application, and the above-mentioned and other operations and / or functions of each unit in the determination device 600 are respectively for realizing the corresponding processes of the network side device in the method embodiment shown in Figures 11 to 12, and achieving the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0565] In some embodiments, the determining device 500 and the determining device 600 in the embodiments of the present application can be an electronic device, such as an electronic device with an operating system, or a component in an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other device other than a terminal. For example, the terminal can include but is not limited to the types of terminal 11 listed above, and other devices can be servers, network attached storage (NAS), etc., which are not specifically limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0566] As shown in Figure 15, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 800, including a processor 801 and a memory 802. The memory 802 stores a program or instruction that can be run on the processor 801. For example, when the communication device 800 is a terminal, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor 801, it implements the steps performed by the terminal in the embodiment of the method for determining the number of signal bits described above, and can achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 800 is a network-side device, when the program or instruction is executed by the processor 801, it implements the various steps performed by the network-side device in the embodiment of the method for determining the number of signal bits described above, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described here.

[0567] The present application also provides a terminal including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to execute a program or instruction to implement the steps of the method embodiments shown in Figures 11 and 12. This terminal embodiment corresponds to the first device-side method embodiment described above, and each implementation process and implementation method of the method embodiment described above are applicable to this terminal embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects. Specifically, Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal implementing an embodiment of the present application.

[0568] The terminal 900 includes but is not limited to: a radio frequency unit 901, a network module 902, an audio output unit 903, an input unit 904, a sensor 905, a display unit 906, a user input unit 907, an interface unit 908, a memory 909 and at least some of the components of the processor 910.

[0569] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the terminal 900 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) to power various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 910 through a power management system, thereby implementing functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The terminal structure shown in Figure 16 does not constitute a limitation of the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be described in detail here.

[0570] It should be understood that in an embodiment of the present application, the input unit 904 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 9041 and a microphone 9042, and the graphics processor 9041 processes the image data of a static picture or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in a video capture mode or an image capture mode. The display unit 906 may include a display panel 9061, and the display panel 9061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light emitting diode, etc. The user input unit 907 includes a touch panel 9071 and at least one of other input devices 9072. The touch panel 9071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 9071 may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 9072 may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, function keys (such as volume control keys, switch keys, etc.), a trackball, a mouse, and an operating stick, which will not be repeated here.

[0571] In the embodiment of the present application, after receiving downlink data from a network-side device, the RF unit 901 may transmit the data to the processor 910 for processing. Furthermore, the RF unit 901 may send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the RF unit 901 includes, but is not limited to, an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like.

[0572] The memory 909 can be used to store software programs or instructions and various data. The memory 909 may mainly include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, applications or instructions required for at least one function (such as a sound playback function, an image playback function, etc.). In addition, the memory 909 may include a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory. Among them, the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or a flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct RAM bus random access memory (DRRAM). The memory 909 in the embodiment of the present application includes but is not limited to these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0573] Processor 910 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, processor 910 integrates an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor primarily handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and application programs, while the modem processor primarily processes wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the modem processor may not be integrated into processor 910.

[0574] In some embodiments, the processor 910 is configured to determine a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal based on first information; wherein the first information is first indication information of a network-side device, which is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits; or

[0575] The first information includes at least one of the following:

[0576] resource allocation information of the target signal;

[0577] resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal;

[0578] Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal;

[0579] A scaling factor for the number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

[0580] It can be understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the first device in the method embodiment and achieve the same or corresponding technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0581] The present application also provides a network-side device, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is configured to execute a program or instruction to implement the steps of the method embodiment shown in Figures 11 and 12. This network-side device embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned network-side device-side method embodiment, and each implementation process and implementation method of the aforementioned method embodiment are applicable to this network-side device embodiment and can achieve the same technical effects.

[0582] Specifically, an embodiment of the present application also provides a network-side device. As shown in Figure 17, the network-side device 1000 includes: an antenna 1001, a radio frequency device 1002, a baseband device 1003, a processor 1004, and a memory 1005. Antenna 1001 is connected to radio frequency device 1002. In the uplink direction, radio frequency device 1002 receives information via antenna 1001 and sends the received information to baseband device 1003 for processing. In the downlink direction, baseband device 1003 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to radio frequency device 1002. Radio frequency device 1002 processes the received information and sends it through antenna 1001.

[0583] The method executed by the network-side device in the above embodiment may be implemented in the baseband device 1003 , which includes a baseband processor.

[0584] The baseband device 1003 may include, for example, at least one baseband board, on which multiple chips are arranged, as shown in Figure 17, one of which is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 1005 through a bus interface to call the program in the memory 1005 and execute the network device operations shown in the above method embodiment.

[0585] The network side device may further include a network interface 1006, which is, for example, a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0586] In some embodiments, the network side device 1000 of the embodiment of the present application also includes: instructions or programs stored on the memory 1005 and can be run on the processor 1004. The processor 1004 calls the instructions or programs in the memory 1005 to execute the steps performed by the network side device in the method embodiment shown in Figures 11 to 12, and achieves the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be repeated here.

[0587] The processors mentioned in the embodiments of the present application may include general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, etc., such as a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an artificial intelligence (AI) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a network processor (NP), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, gate circuits, transistors, discrete hardware components, etc.

[0588] An embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, on which a program or instruction is stored. When the program or instruction is executed by a processor, the various processes of the method embodiments of Figures 11 to 12 above are implemented, and the same technical effect can be achieved. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0589] The processor is the processor in the first device or the network-side device described in the above embodiment. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a computer read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transitory readable storage medium.

[0590] An embodiment of the present application further provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface is coupled to the processor, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the method embodiments of Figures 11 to 12 above, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be repeated here.

[0591] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can also be called a system-level chip, a system chip, a chip system or a system-on-chip chip, etc.

[0592] An embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the method embodiments of Figures 11 to 12 above, and can achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they are not described here.

[0593] An embodiment of the present application also provides a communication system, including: a first device and a network side device, wherein the first device can be used to execute the steps performed by the first device in the method for determining the number of signal bits as described above, and the second device can be used to execute the steps performed by the network side device in the method for determining the number of signal bits as described above.

[0594] It should be noted that, in this article, the terms "comprise", "include" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device comprising the element. In addition, it should be pointed out that the scope of the methods and devices in the embodiments of the present application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, and may also include performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in the opposite order according to the functions involved. For example, the described method may be performed in an order different from that described, and various steps may also be added, omitted or combined. In addition, the features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0595] Through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be implemented by means of a computer software product plus a necessary general-purpose hardware platform, or of course, by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes a number of instructions for enabling a terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in each embodiment of the present application.

[0596] The embodiments of the present application are described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present application is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementation methods. The above-mentioned specific implementation methods are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the guidance of this application, ordinary technicians in this field can also make many forms of implementation methods without departing from the purpose of this application and the scope of protection of the claims. These implementation methods are all within the protection of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining the number of signal bits, wherein: include: The first device determines a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal according to the first information, wherein the first device includes an A-IoT device; The first information is first indication information of a network side device, which is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits; or The first information includes at least one of the following: Resource allocation information of the target signal; resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal; Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal; A scaling factor for the number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal includes resource overhead formed by at least one of the following: Reference signal, delimiter, signal for synchronization, dummy signal, control information, interval.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal include at least one of the following: Modulation method, modulation order, coding method, linear coding rate, channel coding rate.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are indicated by the network side device, or, The modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are determined by the first device according to at least one of the following: The service carried in the target signal, the capability of the first device, and the power consumption of the first device.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal are selected in a target first table, the target first table including a plurality of groups of modulation and coding related parameters; The target first table is one of a plurality of candidate first tables, and the plurality of candidate first tables are associated with different second information, and the second information includes at least one of the following: The services carried in the target signal, the deployment scenario of the first device, the length of the basic time unit, the coding capability of the first device, the device processing delay of the first device, the waveform generation method of the first device, the device capability of the first device, the power level of the first device, the channel quality between the first device and the network side device, and the control information type or format corresponding to the target signal.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The resource allocation information of the target signal includes at least one of the following: The length of the basic time unit; A first quantity, used to indicate the quantity of basic time units included in the resources allocated for the target signal; The second quantity is used to indicate the minimum quantity of resource elements that can carry information on a basic time unit.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The first number is the number of basic time units included in resources allocated for a single transmission of the target signal, or the number of basic time units included in resources allocated for multiple repeated transmissions of the target signal.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, wherein: The time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element is the minimum time unit in which the signal sent by the first device can carry information in one basic time unit.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein: The time unit corresponding to the minimum resource element is a time unit within a preset bandwidth.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein: The first number is indicated by a network-side device; or The second number is indicated by the network side device, or is determined by the first device according to the modulation parameters of the target signal, wherein the modulation parameters of the target signal include at least one of a modulation mode, a modulation order and a modulation rate.

11. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein: The first device determines, according to the first information, a target number of bits used to transmit the target signal, including: Determine a target number according to the first number, the second number, and a third number, wherein the third number is the minimum number of resource elements included in the resource overhead corresponding to the target signal, and the target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit the target signal; A target number of bits used to transmit the target signal is determined based on the target number and third information, wherein the third information includes at least one of modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal and the scaling factor.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The step of determining a target quantity according to the first quantity, the second quantity, and the third quantity includes: taking the product of the first number and the second number as a fourth number, where the fourth number is the number of minimum resource elements included in the time-frequency resources allocated to the target signal; The difference between the fourth quantity and the third quantity is determined as the target quantity.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein: The target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal, and the target number is less than or equal to a second threshold, where the second threshold is specified by a protocol or indicated by a network-side device.

14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein: The step of determining a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal according to the target number and the third information includes: Determining, according to the target number and the third information, the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal; A target number of bits used for transmitting the target signal is determined according to the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein: The determining, according to the target number and the third information, the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal includes: If the target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used for a single transmission of the target signal, calculate the product of the target number and each parameter included in the third information, and use the rounded result of the product as the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal; or If the target number is the minimum number of resource elements that can be used to transmit multiple transmissions of the target signal, calculate the product of the target number and the various parameters included in the third information, and divide the product by the number of repeated transmissions of the target signal and take the integer result as the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein: The determining, according to the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal, a target number of bits used to transmit the target signal includes: According to the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal, a target number of bits used to transmit the target signal is determined in a target second table, wherein the target second table includes a plurality of candidate bit numbers.

17. The method according to claim 16, wherein: The determining, in a target second table according to the number of information bits that can be used to transmit the target signal, a target number of bits used to transmit the target signal comprises: The candidate bit number in the target second table that is closest to the number of information bits and is less than or equal to the number of information bits is used as the target bit number used to transmit the target signal.

18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, wherein: The values ​​of the candidate bit numbers in the target second table include at least one of an integer multiple of Y bits and an integer multiple of Z bits, where Y and Z are positive integers greater than 1.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein: The method further comprises: In a case where the first device does not use the number of bits determined according to the first indication information, second indication information is sent to the network side device, where the second indication information is used to indicate a target number of bits used by the first device.

20. A method for determining the number of signal bits, wherein: include: The network-side device sends target information to the first device, where the target information is used by the first device to determine a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal, where the first device includes an A-IoT device; The target information includes one of the following instructions: Resource allocation information of the target signal; Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal; The first indication information is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits.

21. A device for determining the number of signal bits, wherein: include: A processing unit, configured to determine a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal according to the first information, wherein the determining device comprises an A-IoT device; The first information includes first indication information of a network side device, which is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits; or The first information includes at least one of the following: Resource allocation information of the target signal; resource overhead information corresponding to the target signal; Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal; A scaling factor for the number of bits used to transmit the target signal.

22. A device for determining the number of signal bits, wherein: include: A communication unit, configured to send target information to a first device, wherein the target information is used by the first device to determine a target number of bits used to transmit a target signal, wherein the first device includes an A-IoT device; The target information includes one of the following instructions: Resource allocation information of the target signal; Modulation and coding related parameters of the target signal; The first indication information is used to indicate relevant information of the target number of bits.

23. A communication device, wherein: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or the steps of the method according to claim 20 are implemented.

24. A readable storage medium, wherein: The readable storage medium stores a program or an instruction, and when the program or the instruction is executed by a processor, the steps in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 19 or the steps in the method according to claim 20 are implemented.

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