Shore power connection with safety devices

Abstract

The invention relates to a shore power connection (20) for HVSC systems for supplying shore power, having a box-shaped connection box (21) and plug protection covers (22A, 22B) and proposes multiple improvements for operational safety, in particular with respect to arcing explosions: i) The shore power connection (20) has an explosion pressure relief device (41, 42) for controlled routing of explosion gases to a non-critical external spatial area. ii) The shore power connection (20) has plug protection covers (22A, 22B) which at least partly protect the plug connectors and are able to be locked to one another by way of a locking device. iii) The plug protection covers (22A, 22B) and / or locking device may comprise a detector member (85) that can be integrated into the electrical safety circuit of the HVSC system, in particular can be connected to a pilot loop.

Description

[0001] Shore power connection with safety devices

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of shore power supply for ships, and in particular to a shore power connection. The term "shore power outlet" refers in particular to an easily connected and easily disconnected connection option (e.g., using connectors such as a plug or socket) to which a supply line or cable can be easily connected and disconnected.

[0004] INTRODUCTION AND STATE OF THE ART

[0005] It is increasingly required that ships be connected to a shore power supply and switch off their ship's generators while in port, particularly to reduce emissions and protect the environment. Shore power, the supply of electrical energy to ships, is known by various terms (e.g., Alternative Maritime Power (AMP), Onshore Power Supply (OPS), and Shoreside Electricity (SSE)) and has historically been referred to as "cold ironing."

[0006] The invention generally relates to the ship-to-shore connection or ship-to-shore interface. In addition to its primary role as a power supply, this interface must fulfill several tasks. In particular, it should offer a high degree of reliability and safety to mitigate risks such as electrical fire or explosion, resulting in injury to personnel, damage to equipment, and power failure.

[0007] The IEC / IEEE 80005 standard is intended to enable different vessels to connect to high-voltage shore power (HVSC) connections at different berths, with as little adaptation and adjustment as possible to different locations.

[0008] The invention is primarily intended for such supply connections in ports, i.e. in particular for high-voltage shore connection (HVSC) systems as defined by the IEC / IEEE 80005 standard, and is intended to be particularly suitable for an HVSC system according to IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019. The invention therefore relates in particular, but not exclusively, to a shore power connection designed and configured for multi-phase voltage supply at at least 6.6 kV or 7.2 kV, typically at at least 2 MVA (megavolt-ampere) connected load.

[0009] The EMSA Guidance on Shore-Side Electricity for Port Authorities / Administrations (European Maritime Safety Agency: Shore-Side Electricity - Guidance to Port Authorities and Administrations, Part 2 - Planning, Operations and Safety, Version 2, August 2022 - see Chapter 9) explains various safety requirements for shore-side electricity supplies, including requirements for the ship-shore interface and the cable management system (CMS) used therein.

[0010] A well-known and critical problem is the risk of an explosion caused by an electric arcing fault (hereinafter referred to as an arc explosion). An arc explosion is a type of electrical explosion that can occur due to a low-resistance connection through the air to a component connected to earth or another voltage phase in an electrical system. The explosion caused by an arc discharge typically produces, among other things, arc gases, molten droplets generated by the extremely hot plasma, pressure waves, and debris.

[0011] According to IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019, Chapter 7.3.1, electrical connections must be made in areas from which personnel are protected by barrier and access control measures in the event of an arc flash resulting from an internal fault, e.g., in the connectors. These measures must be supported by access control procedures.

[0012] However, mere access control does not improve the intrinsic safety of the ship-to-shore interface or the CMS with respect to an arc flash explosion. Human error or non-compliance with safety regulations can therefore continue to expose personnel to the significant risks of an arc flash explosion.

[0013] Although the probability of an arc flash explosion is relatively low, this type of failure poses a very high risk to personnel and equipment, with potentially fatal consequences for personnel. Therefore, there is a need in this area to improve the inherent safety of the ship-to-shore interface.

[0014] In this context, the teaching of WO 20202 / 16818 A1 is known and considered the closest prior art. This proposes a shore power outlet for the on-board electrical connection of a berthed vessel, e.g., a container ship or cruise ship, to a shore-based supply network as needed. Such a shore power outlet typically has a junction box, in this case, a movable one, with box walls that enclose an interior space in a splash-proof manner.

[0015] A generic junction box is an essential part of the ship-to-shore interface and serves, in particular, to provide a plug-in connection unit, typically a socket outlet, for detachable connection to a corresponding connector part, typically a plug, of a multi-phase ship's power line. Inside the box, the plug-in connection unit is connected, as intended, either permanently or permanently, to the individual wires of a supply line of the shore-side power grid. Additional conductors, e.g., for a safety circuit or for data transmission, may also be provided.

[0016] CN109103783A proposes a shore power connection with a junction box that incorporates additional explosion protection measures, particularly suitable for use in environments with flammable gases, such as in the petroleum or chemical industries. CN109103783A proposes, among other things, a combustible gas detection system with a sensor that monitors the level of combustible gases in the environment. However, no specific protective measures are proposed regarding an arc flash explosion.

[0017] To improve safety in the event of an arc flash explosion, WO 2020 / 216818 A1 proposes that the shore power connection comprise at least one cover part that is movable relative to the terminal box and that, in a first position, at least partially covers the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part that can be plugged into it, and in a second position, exposes them for connecting or disconnecting the plug-in connection. The proposed cover part provides a certain degree of protection against the uncontrolled spread of the explosion and the associated debris or melt on the harbor quay.

[0018] The solution according to WO 2020 / 216818 A1 improves protection against the hazards of an arc flash, but there remains room for improvement. In particular, the solution according to WO 2020 / 216818 A1 does not yet sufficiently reduce the effects of a potential arc ignition on the supply side at the connector unit or in the terminal box.

[0019] TECHNICAL TASK A first task of the invention is therefore to propose a generic shore power connection with improved protective effect.

[0020] According to a first independent aspect of the invention, this is achieved with the features of independent claim 1.

[0021] According to a second independent aspect of the invention, this is achieved with the features of independent claim 11.

[0022] According to a third independent aspect of the invention, this is achieved with the features of independent claim 20.

[0023] Preferred further developments for both aspects arise from the subclaims.

[0024] GENERAL DESCRIPTION

[0025] A generic shore power connection is suitable for supplying a ship, in particular a container ship or cruise ship. For this purpose, the shore power connection is designed and configured in particular as a component of the ship-shore interface, i.e. for the electrical connection, which can be established as required, of the on-board power network of a moored ship with a shore-side supply network. The shore power connection is therefore typically designed and configured for a multi-phase voltage supply of at least 6600V and / or for a connected load of at least 2 MVA, i.e. in particular for an HVSC system according to IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019, preferably for a connected load of at least 5 MVA, e.g. 7.5 MVA according to IEC 80005-1 Annex D (container ships).

[0026] A generic shore power connection comprises a junction box (engl, outlet box) with box walls which enclose an interior, in particular enclose it in a splash-proof manner, wherein the junction box has at least one plug connection unit, typically a junction box (engl, socket outlet), which enables the electrical connection as required. For this purpose, the plug connection unit is provided on a box wall for detachable plug connection to a corresponding plug connector part of a ship's supply line, typically a plug (engl, plug). In the interior of the junction box, which is protected against environmental influences, preferably in accordance with protection class IP66 or IP67, a supply line of the shore-side supply network can be permanently connected to the plug connection unit in the operating state or is permanently connected during operation.In addition to the protected cabling of the connector unit, the junction box can provide additional functions, in particular protective functions.

[0027] GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FIRST ASPECT

[0028] Regarding the first independent aspect, the invention proposes that at least one explosion pressure relief device be mounted on the terminal box and / or on the cover part. Preferably, one explosion pressure relief device is provided on the terminal box and one explosion pressure relief device is provided on the cover part. The explosion pressure relief devices on the terminal box and on the cover part can, in particular, be of largely identical construction.

[0029] The explosion pressure relief device (EPRD), abbreviated to EDEE (Engi), is a structural protective measure that primarily prevents the explosion pressure in the volume enclosed by the junction box and / or cover from exceeding the permissible strength of the surrounding walls by venting pressure through an opening. The explosion pressure relief device is designed to quickly release pressure that develops in the event of an arc flash. In this way, the explosion pressure relief device prevents the buildup of explosion pressure that could lead to major damage, such as an uncontrollable explosion, particularly in the junction box. The explosion pressure relief device can thus significantly reduce the risk of an actual explosion or prevent an explosion in the shore power connection altogether.

[0030] For this purpose, the explosion pressure relief device according to the invention forms in particular a predefined relief opening with a predetermined orientation so that the force or effect of the ignition (arc gases, plasma, molten droplets or particles, pressure wave, etc.) can be diverted in a controlled manner, in particular into a restricted predetermined external spatial area outside the shore power connection. The effect of the arc ignition can thus be diverted away from the harbor quay, i.e. also away from people and harbor equipment, in order to reduce or minimize resulting risks. The orientation of the relief opening can in particular correspond to the surface normal to the nominally free opening cross-section of the relief opening or be at least largely parallel to this. The relief opening preferably has a fixed and unchangeable orientation with respect to the geometry of the junction box.The predetermined orientation refers, in particular, to the resulting main flow direction of escaping explosion gases, e.g., when considering the spatial distribution in a vertical plane and a horizontal plane that intersect the relief opening. The relief opening can be closed as intended or closed during normal operation, and may only open under a certain pressure, in particular passively due to a pressure increase during an explosion.

[0031] The structurally selectable, preferably fixed, orientation of the relief opening allows a main outflow direction for gases generated by the arc ignition (referred to herein as explosion gases) to be specified—at least to a large extent—in particular in a fixed, predeterminable direction relative to the geometry of the terminal box or its spatial orientation in the operating position. In short, the explosion pressure relief device thus serves to specifically direct explosion gases generated in the event of an arc explosion through the relief opening and into an external space, in particular a predetermined, limited external space.

[0032] The explosion pressure relief device can preferably have at least one guide body, in particular a guide body arrangement. One or more guide bodies can serve as part of the explosion pressure relief device for the targeted guidance of explosion gases (gases which suddenly arise in the event of an arc ignition) through the relief opening and into an external spatial area, in particular outside the interior of the terminal box. Guide bodies enable more targeted flow guidance, in particular inside the explosion pressure relief device and / or a stronger spatial limitation of the spatial area into which the effects of the arc explosion are intended to be diverted or vented in order to prevent uncontrolled spread of the consequences of the explosion. A guide body or a guide body arrangement can be designed in different ways, e.g. through the geometry of the outer walls and in particular also through inserts orFlow-directing components within the explosion pressure relief device, particularly upstream of the predefined relief opening. The guide body assembly is typically a metal device that may comprise a number of fins, plates, grids, or tubes, and is arranged in the flow path of the escaping gases.

[0033] The explosion pressure relief device facilitates an explosion-resistant design of the shore power connection. It helps to control and mitigate the effects of an explosion or arc ignition by releasing excess pressure safely and in a predefined manner. It can also be designed as a type of explosion damper or include an explosion damper. In addition to the core function of pressure relief and, if necessary, explosion dampening, it can optionally also prevent the ingress of outside air, which could ignite flammable gases, and optionally have means to prevent the spread of flames. An explosion damper can be achieved in particular by a suitable guide vane arrangement. In general, the explosion pressure vent is designed so that in the event of an explosion or arc flash, itArc ignition can release the pressure quickly to prevent the buildup of critical pressure that could lead to greater damage and uncontrolled explosion.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment, a pressure relief element is attached to the terminal box, particularly as a component of the explosion pressure relief device. The pressure relief element is suitable for venting explosion gases from the interior under explosion conditions, particularly at a predetermined response pressure, and for sealing it under normal operating conditions. At least or only the explosion pressure relief device attached to the box can comprise the pressure relief element. Under explosion conditions, the pressure relief element then releases the predefined relief opening to vent explosion gases from the interior of the box through the relief opening and seals the relief opening under normal operating conditions.Such a pressure relief element is not required on the explosion pressure relief device on the cover part, but is optionally available to standardize the design.

[0035] The pressure relief element on the terminal box is preferably designed as a splash-proof rupture disc or bursting membrane or bursting film, and can be mounted on the outside of the relief opening as part of the explosion pressure relief device, for example, to facilitate assembly, inspection, and maintenance. The rupture disc can advantageously be designed as a "disposable product" that breaks when excess pressure occurs. Alternatively, an ejection disc can be provided as the pressure relief element, which is pushed out of a holder by the pressure, or an explosion flap or pressure relief flap, or similar. Advantages of the rupture disc or bursting membrane / burst film are, for example, that it can be used in any position and requires little maintenance. A purely passively triggered rupture disc or bursting membrane / burst film is preferred. The rupture disc orFor optimal protection, the pressure relief element should be selected with the lowest possible static set pressure. It is advantageous if the selected static set pressure can be, for example, < 1 bar, especially 0.5 bar. 0.25 bar. A rupture disc (or rupture membrane or rupture foil) made of rust-proof material, e.g., stainless steel, is preferably selected, matching the preferred design of the junction box made of rust-proof material, particularly stainless steel, e.g., a stainless steel suitable for the maritime sector, e.g., type V4A.

[0036] GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SECOND ASPECT

[0037] With regard to the second independent aspect, the invention proposes that a first cover part and a second cover part be arranged on the junction box, which, according to the core of the second aspect, can be closed off to form a volume delimited on at least four sides around the connection components or connecting components, e.g. plug connectors, provided on the outside of the junction box. This comparatively simple measure alone can considerably improve explosion protection, because arcs can ignite, in particular, on the outer parts of the junction box or on the connecting plug of the ship's supply line. It can be assumed that the plugs on the ship's high-voltage line, which should be used to connect to the shore power interface or the CMS whenever possible, represent one of the greatest sources of risk with regard to dangerous arc ignition.

[0038] The two cover parts can serve to delimit a volume around the external connection components at risk of arcing, preferably to enclose them as largely or completely as possible, possibly together with at least one wall of the terminal box. This is advantageous if an explosion pressure relief device according to the first aspect, which is optional for the second aspect but particularly preferred, is also to be provided for effective explosion protection with respect to the external connection components.

[0039] According to the second independent aspect, to form a delimited or enclosed volume, at least the first cover part can be movable relative to the terminal box, and both cover parts are designed to fit, correspond, or complement each other in order to at least partially cover, in particular enclose, the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part that can be plugged thereto in a closed first position, and to release these components in an open second position for connecting or disconnecting the plug connection. Furthermore, a locking device is provided, by means of which the two cover parts can be locked in the closed first position, in particular firmly closed and / or locked to one another.This ensures a largely closed volume, a type of limited "connector space", even under explosion pressure, so that even without an explosion pressure relief device, the effects of an arc ignition can be mitigated and / or better channelled, e.g. to a side that remains open, if the cover parts enclose the connection components at least towards one box wall and on four sides.

[0040] The interaction of both cover parts also allows for access restriction, which prevents accidental disconnection or loosening of the connection components, e.g. connectors, or enables additional monitoring of access, e.g. for connection to a safety circuit.

[0041] The cover parts can preferably be designed as corresponding protective flaps and / or both can be attached to the terminal box. However, a separate, removable design of the cover parts or protective flaps is also conceivable. Preferably, both cover parts are movable, e.g., portable and removable, or, more preferably, mounted on the terminal box.

[0042] Particularly preferred are embodiments of the shore power connection which combine or jointly implement the features of the above-mentioned first aspect and the features of the second aspect.

[0043] GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE THIRD ASPECT

[0044] In a further independent third aspect, the invention proposes that

[0045] - the at least one cover part, in a first position, secures the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part that can be plugged thereto in such a way that in the first position the plug-in connection between the plug-in connection unit and the plug-in connector part cannot be released, and the at least one cover part, in a second position, releases the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part that can be plugged thereto for releasing or connecting the plug-in connection,

[0046] - a locking device is provided for locking the at least one cover part in the first position, and

[0047] - a detector element is operatively connected to the locking device and / or to the at least one cover part, wherein the detector element determines whether the at least one cover part is locked in the first position and wherein the detector element is or can be connected in terms of signal technology to a safety circuit, in particular a control current pilot loop of an interlock safety circuit, of the shore power supply.

[0048] The integration of the tamper-proof locking of at least one movable cover part for the connector(s) allows for a further significant increase in safety. In particular, when integrated into a typical safety circuit, e.g., into the pilot loop of an interlock circuit according to IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019 (cf. Annex C / Annex D), especially according to Annex D of this standard, an emergency shutdown can be easily implemented before the connectors can be disconnected. This reduces the risk of arcing and avoids other complex

[0049] Measures such as Kirk-Key security systems / interlocks. Particularly preferred are embodiments of the shore power connection that combine the features of the aforementioned third aspect with the features of the first and / or second aspect.

[0050] GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF COMMON ASPECTS

[0051] The following further developing features are in principle applicable to both or all aspects of the invention presented here and are also to be regarded as relevant to the invention in each case.

[0052] Preferably, an explosion pressure relief device is provided both on the terminal box and on one of the covers, thus reducing the risk of uncontrolled arc explosions in both internal volumes. A first explosion pressure relief device with a tightly closing pressure relief element can be provided on the terminal box, and an open second explosion pressure relief device can be provided on the cover side. It is fundamentally irrelevant whether the second explosion pressure relief device on the cover side is provided on the first cover part or the second cover part, but both explosion pressure relief devices are advantageously arranged with a directional effect on the same side.

[0053] One or each explosion pressure relief device, or the box-side and / or cover-side explosion pressure relief device, can have an explosion damper. This is preferably provided upstream of the relief opening in the outflow direction to structurally mitigate the effects of an explosion. The function of the explosion damper can be achieved entirely or partially by a guide body arrangement, which also acts to direct the flow.

[0054] Preferably, the at least one explosion pressure relief device has a guide body arrangement configured as a cooling and pressure-reducing flow guide device, in particular as a gas-cooling and / or pressure-reducing explosion damper or pressure wave damper. A cooling effect can also potentially reduce flame spread. In addition to a flow-directing effect, the guide body arrangement can also serve as a retention device to prevent the escape of debris or melt.

[0055] A suitable guide body arrangement comprises a plurality of heat sinks arranged parallel to one another, preferably flat heat sinks, in particular metal plates in the manner of a parallel plate arrangement. The heat sinks can preferably be arranged essentially in a desired main outflow direction and / or essentially parallel to the surface normal of the relief opening or the maximum possible free

[0056] opening cross-section (when closed by a bursting disc, for example).

[0057] In principle, the cross-sections, especially the maximum possible free opening cross-section, are selected to ensure a sufficiently rapid escape of explosion gases. The guide body arrangement can, for example, preferably also have a free flow cross-section that is greater than or equal to the opening cross-section of the relief opening.

[0058] Preferably, the or each explosion pressure relief device has a modular design and / or can be mounted as a preferably prefabricated add-on unit on the connection box or a cover part, in particular on a corresponding connection opening of a box wall or cover wall.

[0059] The explosion pressure relief devices can each be structurally identical and may differ only in the use of a bursting disc, which may only be provided on the terminal box.

[0060] In a further education, the or each

[0061] Explosion pressure relief device as hood-shaped

[0062] The add-on unit is designed with outer walls in which a predefined relief opening with a predetermined orientation is formed, and with a mounting flange surrounding a through-opening for mounting the add-on unit externally onto an opening in the terminal box or cover part, wherein the guide body arrangement is provided inside the add-on unit between the through-opening and the relief opening. The mounting flange can be firmly attached to the wall of the terminal box or cover part.

[0063] In a structurally advantageous embodiment of the explosion pressure relief device, at least two outer walls of the add-on unit are inclined, particularly trapezoidal or truncated pyramid-shaped, and arranged on the mounting flange as a base. Thus, the relief opening can be provided in an inclined outer wall, the angle of which to the mounting flange essentially determines the orientation of the relief flow or a main outflow direction. This allows the orientation of the relief flow to be structurally adjustable without having to modify the terminal box or cover section, i.e., it is suitable for any terminal box design.

[0064] Preferably, the cover parts are designed such that in the first position the plug connection between the plug connection unit and the plug connector part cannot be released, and the locking device has an interlock bolt which is operatively connected to an electrical switching element, wherein the switching element is electrically connectable or connected to a safety circuit of the shore power supply.

[0065] In particular, the switching device can be or is electrically connected to a safety circuit in accordance with IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019 (see Annex C / Annex D).

[0066] In principle, the two cover parts are designed to interact, particularly preferably in such a way that in the first position, together with at least one housing wall of the terminal box, they enclose a plug space largely closed on all sides in order to reduce the explosion risks and to enable the installation of an explosion pressure relief device.

[0067] For this purpose, a structurally advantageous embodiment provides that the cover parts are dimensioned to fit a preferably cuboid-shaped box shape of the terminal box and are designed to be preferably substantially U-shaped in cross section and preferably substantially L-shaped in longitudinal section. In the first position, the cover parts can each be flush with an end region, in particular sealingly, against a housing wall of the terminal box.

[0068] Particularly preferably, the cover parts are designed such that one cover part, in the second position, nests into the other cover part. This results in a mechanically robust design against internal explosion pressure.

[0069] Preferably, both cover parts are movably mounted on the terminal box. They can be designed, in particular, as protective flaps and can be mounted on the terminal box so that they can be opened or closed between the first and second positions.

[0070] Preferably, both cover parts are coupled by means of a mechanism, in particular a lever mechanism, to enable the movement of both cover parts relative to the terminal box. The terminal box can preferably form the frame of the mechanism. To facilitate operation, at least one gas spring can preferably be coupled to the mechanism for support.

[0071] Preferably, each cover part is mounted on both sides of a box-side end region by means of a respective swivel joint on the terminal box.

[0072] The lever mechanism for the movable mounting is preferably designed to couple the cover parts and / or limit the maximum pivoting angle. Preferably, each cover part has at least one through-hole for a ship's supply line at an end region facing away from the box, with a sealing element preferably provided on the inside of each through-hole for tightly fitting against the ship's supply line in the first position.

[0073] An explosion pressure relief device with one or more of the above features, in particular according to the first aspect, is preferably provided on at least one of the cover parts.

[0074] The proposed shore power connection enables a relatively compact but safer design, in which the cover parts are preferably attached to the junction box as captive components.

[0075] The shore power connection can be installed stationary, i.e., fixed to a harbor quay. However, the shore power connection is often designed as a mobile power outlet.

[0076] Thus, in a further development, the shore power connection is installed in a movable manner, in particular mounted on a positionable support arm and / or mounted on a movable carriage or trolley.

[0077] The mobile or stationary shore power connection is preferably arranged or positioned in the operating position on a quayside of a port in such a way that, in the event of an arc explosion, explosion gases are released away from the quayside through the relief opening of the explosion pressure relief device.

[0078] The junction box and / or the connection components used, in particular the plug-in connection unit, are preferably designed to be splash-proof, preferably according to protection class IP66 or IP67 or higher.

[0079] The junction box should preferably have at least two plug-in connector units of the same principle. Two plug-in connectors, particularly in accordance with DIN EN IEC 62613-2:2016, Annex II or IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019, Chapter 7.3 (especially Annex D.7.3), are advantageous, for example, for the power required to supply container ships. However, the plug-in connector units are coded differently to prevent confusion. For larger container ships (6,000-12,000 TEU), the shore power connection should be designed for a connected load significantly greater than 2 MVA up to 6.5 MVA, for which the phase conductors should be distributed across at least two plugs.

[0080] For an HVSC system, it is preferably provided that the or each plug connection unit of the junction box is designed and configured as a junction box (Engi, socket outlet) for an HVSC system in accordance with the requirements of IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019 and DIN EN IEC 62613-1:2016 or DIN EN IEC 62613-2:2016, in particular in accordance with the requirements of DIN EN IEC 62613-2:2016, Annex II or IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019, Chapter 7.3.

[0081] SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0082] Further features and advantages will become apparent, without limitation, from the following description of preferred embodiments of the invention. These show:

[0083] FIG.1A-FIG.1B: in a schematic perspective view, a first preferred embodiment of a shore power connection with a connection box and two cover parts in the form of protective flaps movably mounted thereon, shown in the closed position (first position) in FIG.1A and in the open position (second position) in FIG.1B;

[0084] FIG.2A-FIG.2D: as variants of FIG.1A-1B, four further embodiments of a shore power connection, with cover parts for protecting and largely enclosing the plug connection components;

[0085] FIG.3: a first application example of an inventive

[0086] Shore power connection, which is mounted on a feeder car that can be moved along the harbour quay;

[0087] FIG.4A-4B: a second application example of a shore power connection according to the invention, which is mounted on a mast on the harbor quay in a movable or stationary manner, in a perspective view of the arrangement (FIG.4A) and in the open position of the protective flaps (FIG.4B) for establishing or releasing the plug connection;

[0088] FIG.5A-5D: a preferred embodiment of a shore power connection with cover parts that can be opened as protective flaps according to FIG.1A-1B, in the closed position (first position), in each case in a perspective view from the outside (FIG.5A), in a longitudinal section (FIG.5B), in a longitudinal section in perspective partly from below (FIG.5C) and in a cross-section in perspective through the closed protective flaps (FIG.5D);

[0089] FIG.6A-6C: the closed position from FIG.5A-5D, in side view of an intermediate position before the closed position (FIG.6A), in an enlargement of the closed position (FIG.6B: corresponding to the dashed area from FIG.5B) and in an enlargement of the passage for the ship's supply line (FIG.6C: corresponding to the dashed area from FIG.5C);

[0090] FIG.7: a block diagram of an HVSC system for container ships according to the IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019 standard as a preferred application of the shore power connection according to the invention;

[0091] FIG.8: a schematic diagram with a block diagram of the pilot loops of an interlock safety circuit of an HVSC system for container ships, wherein the locked position is detected and unlocking enables the triggering of a pilot loop; and

[0092] FIGS. 9A-9B: Schematic illustrations of the directivity or guiding effect of the explosion pressure relief devices according to the invention, viewed here in a vertical plane (FIG. 9A) and a horizontal plane (FIG. 9B). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0093] Shore power, as defined here, refers to electrical power transmitted from a shore-based power supply to a vessel, regardless of the type of vessel or the purpose of the supply. High voltage, as defined in an HVSC system, is defined as a system voltage in the range of 1.1 kV up to and including 15 kV, or higher. The nominal voltage is typically 2.5 kV and, depending on the vessel, may be 6.6 kV, 7.2 kV, or 11 kV, for example. The proposed shore power connection is particularly advantageous for use in an HVSC system, especially for container ships, but not exclusively for this purpose.

[0094] Purely by way of example, the basic structure and operation of a typical HVSC system for container ships will be explained with reference to the block diagram in FIG.7. Such a system can be divided into two sub-areas. The left-hand sub-area of ​​the diagram in FIG.7 (left of the dashed line) comprises the shore-side area of ​​the shore power supply system, which receives the shore power and supplies it to the ship (not shown). The right-hand sub-area in the diagram in FIG.7 comprises the on-board distribution network on the deck of the ship. The two sub-areas are connected via a shore power connection, which is part of the shore-ship interface, typically in the form of a CMS (cf. block 6 below in FIG.7).

[0095] FIG.7 shows block 1, a shore-side connection to a supply network, e.g. the local grid supplier that supplies the port or container terminal. Block 2 represents a shore-side power transformer and a conversion system that converts the shore power voltage into a required supply voltage to be supplied to the ship, typically e.g. 6.6 kV or 11 kV. Block 2 may also include a frequency converter to provide the required frequency of the AC voltage, e.g. 50 Hz or 60 Hz. Block 3 designates a shore-side protection circuit that controls protective devices in a switchgear in block 4. The shore-side switchgear 4 may, for example, contain a (shore) circuit breaker and an earthing switch. The protective devices in the switchgear 4 protect against, among other things, abnormal currents, earth fault current, etc., e.g. by means of a safety shutdown.

[0096] The system components in blocks 5 to 7 in FIG. 7 comprise a cable management system or a system for line management (Engineering Cable Management System), hereinafter referred to as CMS, which is schematically illustrated by block 6. Block 6, together with the CMS, forms a shore-ship connection or interface equipment, within which the shore power connection according to the invention is used as intended to connect high-voltage supply cables from the ship to the shore-side supply 1, 2 via the switchgear 4.

[0097] Blocks 5 and 7 represent control devices with safety functions of the interface equipment. They include, for example, a control for unwinding and rewinding the flexible high-voltage supply cable and a data interface for communication with the protection circuit 3 of the shore-side protection devices 4 and with a ship-side protection circuit 8 for protection devices in block 9 (see below). The supply lines (not shown) to be connected to the CMS 6 and used at the interface 6 are, in the case of a container ship, usually carried and provided by the ship. The control devices 5, 7 can include an active control for unwinding and rewinding the supply lines, which also adjusts during loading or unloading of the ship and is intended, for example, to compensate for tidal range.

[0098] Block number 8 shows the ship's protection circuit which controls the protective devices in the ship's shore connection switchgear 9. Block 9 designates this on-board switchgear, which is installed as a permanently installed ship installation in a specific room or in a container or similar to facilitate changing of equipment. The equipment in blocks 8 and 9 corresponds to system components carried by the ship for connecting to the shore connection of the CMS or the shore-ship interface equipment 6. Block 10 designates a ship's isolation transformer which is connected to an on-board receiving installation which, for example, is part of the main distribution board 11 on board the ship and feeds an on-board network 12 of the ship for consumers on board. The on-board generator (not shown) is typically also connected to the main distribution board 11.The ship's onboard generator, after being connected and synchronized with the shore power supply, should be switched off while the ship is berthed, e.g., for container loading. The left section with blocks 1 to 4 in FIG. 7 is a permanently installed port-side installation.

[0099] The interface area with blocks 5 to 7, in particular the CMS or the shore-ship interface equipment 6, is typically installed on the port side and can include movable system components. The right-hand section of the block diagram in FIG. 7, with blocks 8 to 12, is carried by the ship being supplied and is therefore variable in operation.

[0100] A shore power outlet is a required main component in the shore-ship interface equipment 6 of the shore power supply system and represents the connection point between the port substation, see block 1-4 in FIG.7, and the ship's on-board network 12. A shore power outlet in the present sense is sometimes also referred to as a shore power box.

[0101] With reference to FIGS.1-6, preferred embodiments of a shore power box or shore power connection according to the invention are described in more detail below.

[0102] FIGS. 1A-1B show, as a first exemplary embodiment, a shore power connection, generally designated 20, which is designed and configured for the on-board electrical connection 12 (see FIG. 7) of a container ship (not shown) and a shore-side supply network 1 (see FIG. 7) in an HVSC system (see FIG. 7). Shore power connection 20 is designed and configured here, by way of example, for a three-phase voltage supply at 6.6 kV and a connected load of up to 7.5 MVA.

[0103] A key component of the shore power connection 20 is the box-shaped housing, referred to herein as the outlet box 21, with the desired electrical connections 23A, 23B, particularly HVSC socket outlets. The outlet box 21 with the HVSC sockets 23A, 23B thus forms a detachable connection option for corresponding plugs 25A, 25B of the flexible supply lines 27A, 27B for the ship. Only a short section of the supply lines 27A, 27B is shown schematically in FIG. 1A-1B. The supply lines 27A, 27B with the plugs 25A, 25B are typically carried on board container ships.

[0104] The connections of the shore connection 20 thus comprise one or more plug-in connection units, here in the form of HVSC connection boxes 23A, 23B (also connection sockets), which are used for detachable plug-in connections with corresponding ship-specific plug-in connector parts, here the HVSC plugs 25A, 25B. The plug-in connection units provided by the shore connection 20 are tailored to the electrical requirements of the type of ship to be supplied and generally comprise suitable connection boxes 23A, 23B or connection sockets, for container ships, for example, designed for a power typically >2MVA, here, for example, 3.75MVA each. For other types of ships, an arrangement with plug-in connection units for the plug-in connection other than that shown here can be provided within the scope of the invention.

[0105] For container ships, an arrangement with two HSVC junction boxes 23A, 23B (Engi, socket outlet) of 3.75 MVA each is preferred, which are designed according to the requirements of IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019 (see Annex C), Chapter 7.3, and DIN EN IEC 62613-1:2016 or

[0106] DIN EN IEC 62613-2:2016, in particular Annex II. In the example shown here, exactly two HSVC sockets 23A, 23B are provided for exactly two HVSC plugs 25A, 25B. For other vessel types, a different number of HSVC sockets 23A, 23B can be provided, in which case the shore power connection 20 is dimensioned accordingly, or two corresponding

[0107] Junction boxes 21, each with two HSVC sockets 23A and 23B, can be provided. For a RoRo vessel (cf. IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019, Annex B), only one plug is required with a connected load of 6.5 MVA at 11kV nominal voltage; for cruise ships, four plugs are required for a connected load of 16 MVA.

[0108] In the example shown, the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B, the HVSC plugs 25A, 25B, and the supply lines 27A, 27B are designed for three-phase shore power with high voltage, typically 6.6kV, 7.2kV, or 11kV depending on the vessel, as well as for rated currents corresponding to a nominal supply power of several MVA, typically > 2MVA up to 6.5MVA or higher depending on the vessel. FIG. 4A shows the preferred HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B as those with protection class IP67, with a cover and push-pull lever, preferably for three phase conductors, neutral conductor, each for at least 200A rated current, and with at least two pilot contacts. The HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B have a corrosion-protected housing, e.g., made of aluminum alloy.

[0109] In general, the shore power connection 20 is designed and configured for an HVSC system, ie for the on-board electrical connection (cf. 12 in FIG.7) of a berthed vessel, here e.g. a container ship, with the shore-side supply network for shore power (cf. 1 in FIG.7).

[0110] The junction box 21 serves as a connection point or interface (cf. 6 in FIG. 7) and as a housing, in particular for protecting the internal fixed cabling of the connection terminals (cf. FIG. 5C) of the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B with the shore power supply line from the shoreside switchgear 4 (FIG. 7). The junction box 21 is accordingly weatherproof and robust and protects electrical components from environmental influences and personnel from high voltage. The junction box 21 is designed to be closed at least according to protection class IP66, preferably protection class IP67, and is intended for use on a harbor quay 32 (cf. FIG. 4A). Inside the junction box 21, the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B are permanently connected to a supply line (not shown) of the shoreside supply network (cf. block 1 in FIG. 7).

[0111] The junction box 21 is preferably essentially a welded metal housing made of stainless steel, preferably V4A or CrNiMo steel, designed for high saltwater resistance or for rust protection in maritime environments. In the example according to FIGS. 1A-2D, it has a flat, cuboid shape with six essentially rectangular box walls that enclose an interior space. The junction box 21 is comparatively compact and can, in particular, be designed as a self-supporting chassis. Thus, the junction box 21 can serve as a mechanical frame and, for example, be attached to one end with a fastening end and installed cantilevered.

[0112] As shown in FIGS. 1A-1B, the terminal box 21 in the preferred embodiment has an upper first cover part 22A and a lower second cover part 22B at an end opposite the fastening end. The cover parts 22A, 22B are attached to the ends of the terminal box 21 and are movably mounted thereon. The two cover parts 22A, 22B serve as protective flaps 22A, 22B in FIGS. 1A-1B.

[0113] As a comparison of FIG.1A and FIG.1B shows, the protective flaps 22A, 22B are movable, preferably hinged or closed, between a first closed position (FIG.1A) and an open second position (FIG.1B). For this purpose, in FIG.1A-1B, each protective flap 22A, 22B is pivotable about an axis A by means of a suitable articulated connection and is mounted on the terminal box 21, which serves as a frame. In FIG.1A-1B, the axis A lies on the long sides of the box wall of the terminal box 21 with the HVSC connectors 25A, 25B, and runs essentially parallel to the wide edges of the terminal box 21 there, typically horizontally.

[0114] FIG.1A shows the closed operating position. In FIG.1A, the cover parts or protective flaps 22A, 22B largely surround or enclose both the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B and the HVSC plugs 25A, 25B. In a preferred embodiment, the protective flaps 22A, 22B largely surround the plug connectors 23A, 23B and 25A, 25B on all five sides. The sixth side is closed by the end wall of the junction box 21, which supports the junction boxes 23A, 23B. This not only provides additional protection for all plug connectors 23A, 23B and 25A, 25B from the effects of the weather, but also makes them inaccessible during operation, i.e., so that no plug connection can be accidentally disconnected.

[0115] FIG. 1B shows the second open position. In FIG. 1B, the opened cover parts or protective flaps 22A, 22B expose all HVSC connectors, ie, the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B and the HVSC plugs 25A, 25B, so that they can be connected or disconnected by the operating personnel.

[0116] The two cover parts 22A, 22B are designed in FIGS. 1A-1B as protective flaps or protective lids, which are designed correspondingly or complementarily in the manner of box-shaped cover parts in order to enclose a type of plug compartment with the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B and HVSC plugs 25A, 25B as tightly as possible in the closed position (FIG. 1A). The two cover parts 22A, 22B are thus designed to cooperate in order to, in the closed first position (FIG. 1A), together with a box wall of the junction box 21, largely enclose such a plug compartment on all sides. In the closed position (FIG.1A), the two cover parts 22A, 22B form a type of closed extension or lockable / openable extension of the supporting junction box 21 on the box wall with the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B.The connector compartment surrounded by the protective flaps 22A, 22B can have an internal volume of a similar size (+ / -33%) compared to the terminal box 21.

[0117] The lockable cover parts 22A, 22B, together with the junction box 21, simultaneously enable significantly improved explosion protection, which is explained in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 5A-5D. According to a key idea, it is sufficient for two cover parts 22A, 22B to interact in a corresponding manner in order to largely enclose or enclose the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B and the HVSC plugs 25A, 25B connected to them during operation in a delimited space (plug space) as intended in a closed position (cf. first position in FIGS. 1A, 3, 5A-5D). As FIGS. 2A-2D show, it may be sufficient if only one of the two cover parts 22A, 22B is movable relative to the junction box 21.

[0118] FIG.2A shows an embodiment of a shore power connection 20A in which the upper cover part 22A is loosely removable and the lower cover part 22B is fixedly mounted on the connection box 21 as intended.

[0119] FIG.2B shows a further embodiment of a shore power connection 20B, in which both cover parts 22A, 22B are detachably attachable to the terminal box 21 and removable from the terminal box 21. In the closed position, analogous to FIG.1A, the cover parts 22A, 22B are firmly but detachably attached to the terminal box 21, e.g., by a suspension device, lock, or other suitable detachable fastening.

[0120] FIG.2C shows a further embodiment of a shore power connection 20C, in which two cover parts 22A, 22B according to FIG.1A-1B in the form of protective flaps are pivotally mounted on the connection box 21, wherein the pivot axis A in FIG.2C is also horizontal but essentially in the direction of the plug connection direction or an imaginary longitudinal direction of the shore power connection 20C, ie perpendicular to the pivot axis A in FIG.1A-1B.

[0121] FIG.2D shows, as a further variant of FIG.1A-1B, a shore power connection 20D in which both cover parts 22A, 22B are mounted on the junction box 21 as protective flaps, e.g., each pivotable twice. The upper cover part 22A is mounted on the lower cover part 22B so as to pivot about a horizontal pivot axis A or parallel to a long side. The lower cover part 22B is mounted on a narrow side on the junction box 21 about a further horizontal axis B or approximately parallel to the narrow side of the box wall with the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B. Thus, the upper cover part 22A can be folded open, similar to FIG.2C, and then pivoted sideways with the lower cover part 22B to expose the plug-in connectors 23A, 23B; 25A, 25B.

[0122] As the examples in FIGS. 1A-1B and 2A-2D show, both cover parts or protective flaps 22A, 22B are dimensioned to essentially match a cuboid-shaped design or geometry of the supporting terminal box 21. The two cover parts 22A, 22B can be referred to as protective flaps if both are pivotably mounted. The cover parts 22A, 22B can, for example, be designed as box-shaped cover parts that are open on one side and consist of essentially four walls, cf. FIGS. 1A-2D, of which a couple of long side walls are approximately congruent and perpendicular to a main wall, with a short side wall that is perpendicular to the others and to the main wall. The cover parts 22A, 22B can preferably be essentially U-shaped in cross section and preferably essentially L-shaped in longitudinal section, cf. also FIGS. 2A-2D. In the closed first position orIn this position, both cover parts 22A, 22B are flush with the open end area, preferably sealingly, particularly in the area of ​​the box wall with the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B.

[0123] From FIGS.1A-1B and 2A-2D, a further aspect of the invention can be seen only in schematic form, namely a first explosion pressure relief device 41 on the terminal box 21 and a second explosion pressure relief device 42 on at least one of the two cover parts 21A, 21B, here on the upper cover part 21A. Preferably, a separate explosion pressure relief device 41, 42 (hereinafter abbreviated to "EDEE" for short, explosion pressure relief device: EPRD) is provided for each of the enclosed cavities, i.e., for the interior of the terminal box 21 and for the so-called plug space within the closed cover parts 21A, 21B.

[0124] The first explosion pressure relief device (EDEE) 41 is provided for the interior space in the terminal box 21, which is permanently enclosed during operation. The second explosion pressure relief device (EDEE) 42 is provided for the connector compartment, which is largely enclosed by the protective flaps or cover parts 22A, 22B in the closed position (FIG. 1A) during operation. The first EDEE 41 and the second EDEE 42 may have partially different designs. However, the EDEE 41, 42 are preferably largely modular or of the same type to minimize the number of different components.

[0125] Each of the two EDEEs 41, 42 is designed and configured to form a predefined relief opening 43, 45 (FIG. 1A) with a predetermined orientation C, D. The EDEEs 41, 42 are further designed and configured for the targeted and controlled discharge of explosion gases from the interior, through the relief opening 43, 45, to the outside into a designated external spatial area 49 (cf. FIG. 4A). The term explosion gases refers here to those gases that arise in the event of an arc explosion or arc ignition inside the shore power connection 20, 20A..., 20D. The external spatial area 49 (cf. FIG. 4A) into which the explosion gases are discharged as intended is determined in particular by the predetermined orientation C, D of the relief opening 43, 45. However, the outer space area 49, into which the explosion gases are discharged, is partly also determined by a structurally predetermined conducting effect orThe directivity of the EDEE 41, 42 is determined. The EDEE 41, 42 preferably also delimit the respective outer spatial area 49. The directivity or directivity of the EDEE 41, 42 is adjusted such that, in plan view, the explosion impact is diverted only to one side, while the other three sides remain as explosion-proof as possible. Further details on the preferred design of protective flaps or cover parts 22A, 22B according to the invention and on the preferred design of explosion pressure relief devices or EDEE 41, 42 according to the invention are explained below with reference to FIGS. 5A-5D.

[0126] FIG.3 and FIG.4A-4B initially show two exemplary, movable variants of a shore power connection 20E, 20F, each according to the principle of FIG.1A-2D, with two protective flaps 22A, 22B and with a first EDEE 41 on a side wall of the connection box 21 and a second EDEE 42 on the main wall of the first protective flap 22A. The shore power connection 20E, 20F is preferably mobile, in particular movable along the harbor quay 32, and can thus be moved to a suitable position along the length of the ship to be supplied (not shown).

[0127] In the example from FIG.3, the shore power connection 20E is mounted, for example, on a motorized feeder truck 30 or another freely movable vehicle. The shore power connection 20 can thus be moved with the feeder truck 30, among other things, in a longitudinal direction L to the desired position along the harbor quay 32 (cf. FIG.4A) and, when not in use, can be brought into a remote parking position. The feeder truck 30 carries the connection box 21 in a cantilevered manner at one end. At the other end, the protective flaps 22A, 22B, which can be swung open and closed, are accessible for operation. Not shown in FIG.3 is a storage device assigned to the feeder truck 30 for laying the feeder lines from the fixed supply installation (cf. blocks 1-4 in FIG.7) to the shore power connection 20. For this purpose, for example,a suitable drum device or a reel device according to DE 20 2014 105 940 Ul can be used, whereby the cables are preferably laid in an energy guide chain.

[0128] FIG.3 further shows, as a possible embodiment variant, a directivity of the two EDEEs 41, 42 of the shore power connection 20E which differs from FIG.1A-2D. The predetermined orientation C, D of the 43, 45 relief openings of the two EDEEs 41, 42 is parallel and, according to FIG.3, is in a direction laterally towards the shore power connection 20E, in a direction substantially in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. In FIG.3, the predetermined orientation C, D of the two EDEEs 41, 42 is also directed towards the sea side or away from the port, but obliquely upwards from the quay surface.

[0129] The alignment C, D in FIG.3 is therefore purely exemplary perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the shore power connection 20E or to the pivoting plane of the protective flaps 22A, 22B. The alignment C, D can be easily adjusted by designing and aligning the EDEE 41, 42 accordingly, here, for example, by attaching the EDEE 41, 42 rotated by 90° relative to the vertical on the connection box 21 or the protective flaps 22A compared to FIG.1A-2D. For optional alignment, the EDEE 41, 42 preferably have a square basic shape and are attached by means of a corresponding mounting flange, cf. FIG.5A-5D.

[0130] As best illustrated in FIG. 4A, the EDEEs 41, 42 generally allow a predetermined orientation C, D such that explosion gases - in the event of an arc explosion within the terminal box 21 and / or within the closed protective flaps 22A, 22B - are guided through the relief openings 43, 45 in a controlled manner into a non-critical outer spatial area 49, namely away from the harbor quay 32 (cf. FIG. 4A), i.e., towards the sea or water side. The discharge takes place according to the orientation C, D and preferably into a limited spatial area 49 away from the harbor quay. The spatial area 49 can be angularly limited and preferably lies within a solid angle <180°, preferably <120°, in the vertical plane and within a solid angle <180°, preferably <120°, in the horizontal plane. The solid angle can be determined in each case starting from the respective EDEE 41, 42, e.g.in polar coordinates with the respective EDEE 41, 42 as the origin of coordinates and with the orientation C, D as the angle bisectors, see e.g. FIG.4A.

[0131] Such a spatial limitation of the explosion effect of an arc explosion by means of the EDEE 41, 42 in combination with the enclosing enclosure by the terminal box 21 on the one hand and the cover parts 22A, 22B on the other hand, is preferred for all

[0132] Embodiments of the invention and serves for the effective protection of personnel and equipment in the port or at the

[0133] Harbor Quay 32.

[0134] 4A-4B show, in comparison to FIG. 3, a variant of the shore power connection 20F, in which the predetermined orientation C, D of the two EDEEs 41, 42 is also oriented towards the sea or away from the harbor, but diagonally downwards towards the sea or the water. The orientation C, D can be viewed as a vector and, in the case of the shore power connection 20F from FIG. 4A-4B, lies in a vertical plane, directed diagonally downwards, e.g. at an angle of approximately 30°-60°, preferably approximately 40°-50°, to the horizontal. The EDEEs 41, 42 with their relief openings 43, 45 are designed in such a way that an explosion surge from the upper EDEE 41 (here shown) is largely diverted past the other, lower EDEE 42, even when aligned horizontally (FIG. 5B). As shown in FIG.4A shows, the orientation C, D and conduction effect of the EDEE 41, 42 is selected for all embodiments such that the effect of an arc explosion within the connection box 21 on the one hand and within cover parts 22A, 22B can be conducted away from the harbor quay 32 by the respective EDEE 41, 42, preferably into a restricted space area 49 in a half-space defined by a vertical plane at the shore power connection 20, 20A... 20F.

[0135] A special feature of the variant FIG.4A-4B is a support arm 44 mounted on a carriage 46, which can be moved along the quay wall of the harbor quay 42 in a front-side guide (not shown) in order to position the shore power connection 20F along the ship. The alignment C, D remains unchanged during the movement.

[0136] Further generally preferred features of the shore power connector 20F are evident from FIGS. 4A-4B, namely a locking device 47A, 47B on the protective flaps 22A, 22B. The locking device 47A, 47B serves to lock the protective flaps 22A, 22B in the closed first position (FIG. 4A) and, when unlocked, allows them to be opened. FIG. 4B shows the fully open second position, in which the protective flaps 22A, 22B expose the connectors.

[0137] HVSC connection boxes 23A, 23B with

[0138] Push-pull lever 24 to facilitate the plug connection, and the

[0139] HVSC connectors 25A, 25B of the supply lines.

[0140] To facilitate the opening and closing of the protective flaps 22A, 22B, a lever mechanism 50 is provided, which is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 5A and FIG. 6A. The lever mechanism 50 and the pivotable mounting of the protective flaps 22A, 22B about the pivot axes A are designed so that each protective flap 22A, 22B can be pivoted open by approximately 90°. As FIG. 4B shows, the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B are easily accessible in the open position, and their push-pull levers 24 can be easily operated. FIG. 4B also shows a seal 48 on the lower protective flap 22B, into which the upper protective flap 22A engages in the closed position (cf. FIG. 6B).

[0141] FIG.3 and FIG.4A-4B illustrate the versatile and variable usability of the shore power connection 20, 20A... 20F as an advantage of the supporting design of the junction box 21.

[0142] With reference to FIGS. 5A-5D, a particularly preferred design of the shore power connection 20 and at the same time further functions or effects and advantages are explained.

[0143] The design of the explosion pressure relief devices, abbreviated to EDEE 41, 42, is best illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5C. Identical components of both EDEE 41, 42 are provided with identical reference numerals. Each of the two EDEE 41, 42 is designed as a hood-shaped add-on unit and comprises a hood 401 made of sheet metal, in particular V4A stainless steel, which is attached, e.g., welded, to a mounting flange 402. The mounting flange 402 is designed as a substantially square metal frame made of sheet metal, in particular of V4A stainless steel, and forms or surrounds a through opening 403 to the interior of the EDEE 41, 42. Due to its rotationally symmetrical, here square basic shape, the mounting flange 402 can thus be optionally rotated by + / -90° (see also FIG.3) with the through opening 403 mounted on a corresponding connection opening in the upper box wall of the terminal box 21 or the main wall of the protective flap 22A.Using the mounting flange 402, the cover 401 is firmly screwed to the outside edge of the connection opening, as best seen in FIG. 5C. A seal 404 can be provided between the mounting flange 402 of the first EDEE 41 and the terminal box 21 to prevent water ingress; however, this is not required for the second EDEE on the protective flap 22A. The underside through-opening 403 of the EDEE 41, 42 opens through the connection opening into the interior of the terminal box 21 or into the connector compartment of the cover parts or protective flaps 22A, 22B, as shown in FIG. 5B-5C.

[0144] The hood 401 is designed in each case - as FIG.5B shows - in such a way that its outer walls in cross-section (vertically) form the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, wherein the long base side is open and is bordered by the mounting flange 402 (FIG.5A / FIG.5C).

[0145] The hoods 401 each form at least one predefined relief opening 43, 45 with a predetermined orientation C, D in one, in particular in exactly one, side wall 405. The orientation C, D is structurally determined by the geometry of the hood 401, in this case in particular by the interior angle between the inclined side wall 405 and the base surface or the plane of the mounting flange 402. This angle is illustrated as the angle of attack a in FIG. 5B. Thus, the orientation C, D can be structurally adjusted by the corresponding angle of attack a of the side wall 405.

[0146] A difference between the first EDEE 41 and the second EDEE 42 is that the relief opening 43 of the first EDEE 41 is sealed watertight in the new state, or in the normally operational state, by a bursting disc 411 as a pressure relief element, wherein a circumferential seal is preferably provided between the bursting disc 411 and the edge of the side wall 405 surrounding the through opening 45. The bursting disc 411 is preferably made of thin stainless steel sheet and selected with a low static response pressure, in particular 0.5 bar, especially preferred 0.25 bar. Alternatively, another pressure relief element can be used, e.g., a plastic rupture membrane or rupture film. The rupture disc 411 is mounted on the outside of the hood on the side wall 405 and is thus easily accessible for inspection and replacement. To mechanically protect the rupture disc 411 against accidental damage, a protective grille 413 is also attached to the hood 401 of the first EDEE 41.

[0147] In the second EDEE 42, however, the through-opening 45 does not need to be sealed watertight or splashproof, since the connectors, i.e., HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B and HVSC plugs 25A, 25B, are already designed to be splashproof to a suitable protection class, e.g., IP67. Therefore, in the second EDEE 42—in contrast to the sealed rupture disc 411 of the first EDEE 41—only an open grid, e.g., a perforated plate 412 or similar, is provided to provide a certain degree of mechanical protection and, if necessary, pressure damping.

[0148] Both the rupture disc 411 of the EDEE 41 and the optional perforated plate 412 of the EDEE 42 can act as pressure relief elements. However, the rupture disc 411 of the EDEE 41 releases the relief opening 43 under explosion conditions inside the terminal box 21. The perforated plate 412, however, primarily serves as mechanical protection against the ingress of unwanted foreign matter.

[0149] The first EDEE 41 and second EDEE 42 are again identical in terms of a guide body effect and guide body arrangement 420, which is provided inside the add-on unit or the hood 401 between the through opening 403 and the relief opening 43 or 45. In each EDEE 41, EDEE 42, a guide body arrangement 420 is provided, which comprises a primarily gas-cooling and pressure-reducing explosion damper 422, which comprises a plurality of cooling bodies arranged parallel to one another, here in the form of a parallel plate arrangement as explosion damper 422 with a plurality of parallel thin-walled metal plates 424 or metal sheets which are held parallel by cross struts 426 and intermediate spacer disks as spacer elements, as can be seen in FIGS. 5B-5C. The geometry of the hood 401 with its side walls also contributes to the guide body effect of the guide body arrangement 420. The explosion dampers 422 are connected by means of the cross struts 426, for example.attached at the end to the mounting flange 402 using fastening elements, so that each EDEE 41, 42 can be mounted as a prefabricated add-on unit on the terminal box 21 or a protective flap 22A, 22B and can be replaced if necessary.

[0150] The explosion damper 422 of both EDEEs 41, 42 is designed such that the metal plates 424 act as heat sinks to absorb thermal energy from explosion gases or to reduce the temperature of the explosion gases. The metal plates 424 are preferably arranged essentially in the main outflow direction C, D or in the cross-sectional plane of FIG. 5B, i.e. essentially parallel to the surface normal of the relief opening 43, 45. The flow cross-section remaining free between the metal plates 424 is preferably greater than or equal to the opening cross-section of the relief opening 43 or 45 by selecting the spacer elements in order to prevent backflow. Using the parallel metal plates 424, the explosion damper 422 can influence the flow of the gas flowing through them, here explosion gas in the event of an arc explosion, and under certain conditions can generate an at least partially laminar flow.Furthermore, due to the parallel metal plates 424, the explosion damper 422 has a flow-guiding effect such that the spread of the explosion gas before and in particular after exiting through the relief opening 43 or 45 in the direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG.5B is reduced. Due to the parallel metal plates 424, the explosion damper 422 also causes a pressure drop across the flow path from the through-opening 403 to the respective relief opening 43 or 45, i.e., inside the respective hood 401 and thus within EDEE 41 or EDEE 42. This pressure drop arises primarily from thermal energy absorption or cooling of the explosion gas in the explosion damper 422, so that plates with high thermal conductivity, e.g., metal plates 424, are advantageous.The pressure drop can also be amplified by flow effects and depends on factors such as the gap width between the metal plates 424, the internal volume of the hoods 401, and the cross-sections of the relief openings 43 and 45 on the one hand and the through-hole 403 on the other. The pressure drop or pressure relief can thus be influenced by the design.

[0151] By means of the EDEE 41 and 42, in particular the explosion dampers 422, harmful explosion effects can be noticeably reduced by limiting the spatial impact outside the shore power connection 20 on the one hand and by achieving noticeable pressure relief within the EDEE 41, 42, in particular by gas cooling. The explosion dampers 422 are preferably provided in identical construction in both EDEE 41, 42. Due to the preferred arrangement within the hoods 401, the explosion dampers 422 are mechanically protected against damage. The relief openings 43, 45, as mouth openings of the EDEE 41, 42 for the gas escape to the outside, also influence the gas flow. For a spatial limitation of the outer spatial area 49 into which explosion gases and the explosion pressure wave are diverted from the EDEE 41, 42, in particular in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal section of the terminal box 41 or perpendicular to the plane of FIG.5B, it is advantageous if the geometry of the relief openings 43, 45 in the side walls 405 is essentially rectangular, oval, elongated or similar and is selected such that an aspect ratio (or from long axis to short axis) of length:width h 2:1 is specified. The width can be, for example, between 100 mm and 300 mm, the length correspondingly 200 to 600 mm, depending on the size of the connection box 21. For the most equal flow conditions or guiding effect, it is advantageous if the internal volume of the connection box 21 and the closed protective flaps 22A, 22B deviates only insignificantly from each other, e.g., by less than 20%, cf. FIG. 5A-5D. The relief openings 43, 45 should have an opening cross-section of at least 10% of the smallest cross-section of the internal volume (perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 5B). from the plug compartment within protective flaps 22A, 22B or the interior of the terminal box 21 in order to achieve rapid pressure relief in the event of an arc explosion.The free cross-section of the through-opening 403, which is preferably defined by the mounting flange 402, from the interior or plug space to the interior of the EDEE 41, 42 should preferably be significantly larger than the opening cross-section of the relief openings 43, 45, as can be seen from FIG.5B-5C.

[0152] Practical tests have shown that an arc ignition in the plug compartment within protective flaps 22A, 22B typically propagates into the interior of the terminal box 21 and vice versa, so that it is particularly advantageous to provide an EDEE 41, 42 on both the terminal box 21 and one of the protective flaps 22A, 22B, as can be seen, for example, in FIG. 5B. However, a design variant with only one EDEE 41, 42 and a passage opening under explosion pressure between the plug compartment and the interior, which is closed, for example, by means of a suitably dimensioned bursting disc (not shown), in order to enable relief to the other compartment in the event of an arc ignition.

[0153] Further details of a preferred mounting of the cover parts or protective flaps 22A, 22B on the terminal box 21 are explained with reference to FIGS. 5A-5D. The cover parts or protective flaps 22A, 22B are each mounted cantilevered on one side of the terminal box 21, here by means of a hinge-like pivot bearing which defines the pivot axes A of the protective flaps. For this purpose, two hinge elements 501 are provided symmetrically on both sides of the terminal box 21, one for each protective flap 22A, 22B, which carry and hold a common hinge axis 502. On the upper hinge axis 502, a hinge arm 503A for the first protective flap 22A is provided symmetrically on both sides, by means of which the protective flap 22A is mounted on the terminal box 21 so as to be pivotable about the axis A.Similarly, on the lower hinge axis 502, a hinge arm 503B is provided symmetrically on both sides for the second protective flap 22A, by means of which the protective flap 22B is pivotally mounted on the terminal box 21 about the axis A. The arrangement is designed such that the protective flaps 22A, 22B can each be pivoted upwards or downwards by approximately 90° (see also position in FIG. 4B), wherein the pivot angle can be adjusted via the dimensioning of the components, e.g. hinge arms 503A, 503B. In the preferred embodiment, the cover parts form protective flaps 22A, 22B which are mounted on the terminal box 21 via the hinge axes 502 so that they can be opened or closed between a first closed position (FIG. 5A-5B) and a second position (see FIG. 4B). The protective flaps 22A, 22B are connected by means of the respective pivot joint consisting of two hinge elements 501, a hinge axis 502 and two hinge arms 503A and 503B respectively.503B mounted on the terminal box and held cantilevered or supported on one side.

[0154] Due to the dead weight of the protective flaps 22A, 22B together with the attachments such as EDEE 41, 42 etc. and to facilitate handling, a lever mechanism 50 is provided which mechanically couples the pivoting movement of the protective flaps 22A, 22B. For this purpose, the hinge arms 503A, 503B each have extensions which are designed as lever arms 505A, 505B and which are geared to one another via a coupling rod 506, so that when, for example, the upper protective flap 22A is pivoted, the lower protective flap 22B pivots accordingly. To facilitate operation and to hold it in the open second position, the lever mechanism 50 comprises a spring on each side, for example a damping gas spring 507 which is coupled to the coupling rod 506. The gas spring 507 prevents, among other things, unwanted slamming of the protective flap 22A or 22B.The self-supporting terminal box 21 forms the frame for the lever mechanism 50, which couples the movement of both cover parts. The parameters of the lever mechanism, including the maximum pivot angle, can be adjusted via the lever lengths of the lever arms 505A, 505B on the hinge arms 503A, 503B, allowing different pivot angles to be set, for example, by gearing.

[0155] As best seen in FIG. 5D and FIG. 6A, a locking device 510 is also provided, by means of which the two cover parts or protective flaps 22A and 22B can be locked in the closed first position. At the free end of the protective flaps 22A and 22B, opposite the hinge axes 502, a locking axis 512A and 512B is provided, extending transversely through each protective flap 22A and 22B. On the upper locking axis 512A of the protective flap 22A, a locking lever 514 is arranged on both sides on the outside in a rotationally fixed manner, so that the locking levers are robustly and pivotably mounted on the protective flap 22A with the locking axis 512A. An actuating lever 513 is provided on at least one of the locking levers 514. Each locking lever 514 forms a locking hook 515 at its end, which in the closed position (FIG.5D) engages behind the other locking axis 512B of the other protective flap 22B.In the engaged position, the two lateral locking hooks 515 thus engage the other locking axis 512B, which is firmly connected to the protective flap 22B. In this position, the protective flaps 22A, 22B cannot be opened and are thus sealed explosion-proof. For additional safety, a locking bolt 520 (also known as an interlock bolt) is provided, which can only be opened and closed in the locked position (FIG. 5D) by releasably engaging a locking opening in the protective flap 22B (see FIG. 5D). An electrical switching element 522 is operatively connected to one of the interlock bolts or locking bolts 520, which is electrically connectable or connected to a safety circuit of the shore power supply.

[0156] As can be seen from FIGS. 5A-5D, the cover parts or protective flaps 22A, 22B are designed such that in the closed first position the plug connection between the plug connection unit, i.e. in this case the HVSC junction box 23A, 23B, and the plug connector parts, i.e. in this case the HVSC plugs 25A, 25B, cannot be released. The locking mechanism provides additional security, which also ensures explosion-proof closure of the protective flaps 22A, 22B. In addition, an interlock function can be implemented via the switching element 522 if the switching element 522 is connectable or connected to the pilot loop (Engi, pilot loop) of the safety circuit of the HVSC system from Fig. 7. In this way, for example, conventional Kirk-Key interlocks can be avoided.The pilot loop monitors the correct connection of plug connections in the high-voltage circuit with the goal of preventing electrical hazards caused by unintentional, improper, or otherwise unintentional disconnection of a HV plug connection while the HV system is active. To achieve this, the locking device 510 with the locking bolt 520 and the electrical switching element 522 can be integrated into the so-called pilot or safety loop for signaling purposes.

[0157] FIGS. 5A-5D also show a circumferential seal 48 on the open edges of the protective flaps 22A, 22B, which is explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 6B. The seal 48 is provided on the open edge of the protective flaps 22A, 22B. The circumferential edge 532A of the upper protective flap 22A is bent or deformed outwards and the circumferential edge 532B of the lower protective flap 22B is bent outwards. The upper protective flap 22A engages with the lower protective flap 22B during the closing process (cf. FIG. 6A). This enables a tight closure in that the seals 48 come into contact or one protective flap 22A or 22B rests against the seal of the other protective flap 22A or 22B in the closed position. In addition, in the event of an explosion in the connector compartment, an explosion hazard is avoided within the closed protective flaps 22A or 22B.22B, the inwardly shaped edge 532A of the protective flap 22A is pressed outward against the other protective flap 22B to reinforce the sealing effect and contain the explosion.

[0158] FIG.6C finally shows on the free front side of the

[0159] Edges 532A or 532B of each protective flap 22A have a through-hole 530 for each plug connection for the passage of each ship's supply line 27A, 27B (not shown in FIG. 6C) of the two HVSC plugs 25A, 25B (cf. FIG. 2D, for example). An additional sealing element 533 is provided on the inside of the through-hole on the upper protective flap 22A for tightly fitting the ship's supply line 27A, 27B, which can be adjusted to the desired line diameter by means of an adjusting plate 534. A half-shell-shaped abutment 535 is provided on the other protective flap 22B, so that when closed, the ship's supply lines 27A, 27B can be tightly clamped or fitted between the protective flaps 22A, 22B.

[0160] As can be seen from FIGS. 2A-2D and also FIGS. 5A-5D and 6C, the through-holes 530 are aligned with the axis of the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B, and the protective flaps 22A and 22B are designed such that the joining plane or interface is approximately aligned with the axis of the HVSC junction boxes 23A, 23B. This facilitates the handling of the heavy ship supply lines 27A, 27B for the operating personnel. In addition, the plug connections can be relieved of transverse forces.

[0161] FIG.8 illustrates a schematic electrical principle diagram based on Figure D.2 from IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019, Annex D - where only essential parts of the pilot loops of the interlock safety circuit known to the person skilled in the art are shown.

[0162] Pilot loop 80 (of the interlock safety circuit, see Figure D.2 of IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019, Annex D) has a shoreside control current pilot loop 81 and a shipside control current pilot loop 82. The shoreside control current pilot loop 81 can be interrupted by a first circuit breaker unit 83 (shoreside) in the event of a safety-relevant triggering, which triggers a shutdown of the HVSC supply as intended. The shipside control current pilot loop 82 also has a circuit breaker unit 84 for triggering the shutdown. In addition to the various typical trigger signals or controls, according to a third aspect of the invention, a suitable sensor or detector element 85 is provided on the shore power connection 20, more precisely on one of the two protective flaps 22A, 22B and / or on their locking device. The detector element 85 determines whether thethe cover parts 22A, 22B are locked in the first position. If the cover parts 22A, 22B or protective flaps are not locked, the detector element 85 controls the protective switch unit 84, here, for example, the control current pilot loop 82. In principle, any type of detector element is possible, e.g., an inductive or capacitive sensor, a position switch, etc. For example, the circuit according to FIG. 8 can use a switching element 552 as the detector element 85 and the structure according to FIGS. 5A-5D. Other implementations are also within the scope of the invention. The mode of operation of an interlock safety circuit can, for example, correspond to IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019. The pilot loops 81, 82 function as a communication path and provide the real-time status of the connection and the system conditions.

[0163] The interlock safety circuit (not shown) uses the pilot loop signals to ensure safety.

[0164] FIGS. 9A-9B schematically illustrate how the EDEE 41, 42 are designed and configured, each with a predefined relief opening 43, 45 (FIG. 1A) which has a predetermined guiding effect for the targeted and controlled discharge of explosion gases from the interior of the terminal box 21 and / or the closed, locked protective flaps 22A, 22B. In the event of an explosion, pressure and gases are discharged through the relief opening 43, 45, as shown here by way of example in FIG. 9A in side view (vertical plane) and FIG. 9B in plan view (horizontal plane) into a designated external spatial area.

[0165] The geometry and design of the EDEE 41, 42 is selected such that the outer spatial area into which the explosion gases are intended to be discharged is predetermined and delimited, in particular in a half-plane, preferably a quadrant, of a vertical plane (FIG. 9A). In this case, the spatial area should also be limited in this half-plane to a certain first solid angle α (here in the vertical plane), preferably a solid angle α^90°. Viewed in the horizontal plane as well, the spread should be controlled and limited to a second solid angle β (FIG. 9B), preferably a solid angle β X 180°, preferably β X 160°, particularly preferably β X 120°. The outer spatial area 49 into which the explosion gases are discharged can be determined by the structurally predetermined conducting effect or directivity of the EDEE 41, 42 to a limited spatial area which is restricted to two adjacent geometric octants (so-called half of a half-space), as shown here as an example in FIG.9A-9B using the YZ planes (side view / horizontal planes) and the XY planes (top view / horizontal planes), which define the adjacent octants as the spatial area into which the explosion gases are discharged (schematically shown as "flashes").

[0166] The coordinate system can, for example, be selected so that the XY and YZ planes correspond to the orientation of the side walls of the junction box.

[0167] It is understood that the direction of the specified conduction effect or directivity of the EDEE 41, 42 will depend on the application-dependent spatial orientation of the EDEE 41, 42 at the shore power connection 20 and on its orientation in space.

[0168] In conclusion, the proposed shore power connection improves safety in several respects, especially the protection of personnel. Safety should be the top priority for shore power systems, especially HVSC systems. PE 29 November 2024

[0169] Applicant: igus GmbH

[0170] 51147 Cologne

[0171] Shore power connection with safety devices

[0172] List of reference symbols

[0173] FIG.1A-1B, FIG.2A-2D; FIG.3-4

[0174] 20 shore power connection

[0175] 20A, 20B, 20C, 20D, 20E, 20F shore power connection (variants)

[0176] 21 Junction box

[0177] 22A, 22B cover part or protective flap

[0178] 23A, 23B HVSC socket outlet

[0179] 24 push-pull levers

[0180] 25A, 25B HVSC plug

[0181] 27A, 27B supply line

[0182] 30 feeder cars

[0183] 32 harbor quay

[0184] 41, 42 Explosion pressure relief device (abbreviation: EDEE)

[0185] 43, 45 relief opening

[0186] 44 Support arm

[0187] 46 sledges (movable on the harbor quay)

[0188] 47A, 47B locking device

[0189] 48 Seal

[0190] 49 outer, limited spatial area

[0191] 50 lever mechanism

[0192] A, B swivel axes (of the protective flaps)

[0193] C, D Direction of alignment (of the EDEE)

[0194] L Longitudinal direction / direction of travel

[0195] FIG.5A-5D, FIG.6A-6C

[0196] 20 Shore power connection Terminal box A, 22B Protective flap A, 23B HVSC socket outlet, 42 Explosion pressure relief device (abbreviation: EDEE), 45 Relief opening Seal Lever mechanism 1 Hood 2 Mounting flange 3 Through opening 4 Seal 5 Sloping side wall (with through opening) 1 Bursting disc 2 Perforated plate 3 Protective grille 0 Guide body arrangement 2 Explosion damper 4 Metal plates 6 Cross braces 1 Hinge elements 2 Hinge axis 3A, 503B Hinge arm 5A, 505B Lever arm 6 Coupling rod 7 Gas spring 0 Locking device 2A, 512B Locking axis 3 Operating lever 4 Locking lever 5 Locking hook 0 Locking bolt 2 Switching element 0 Through cutout 2A, 532B Circumferential edge 533 Sealing element

[0197] 534 Adjustment plate

[0198] 535 abutments

[0199] FIG.7 (typical HVSC system)

[0200] 1 Connection to the supply network

[0201] 2 Shore-side transformer, if necessary with frequency converter

[0202] 3 Shoreside protection circuit

[0203] 4 Shoreside switchgear (circuit breaker, earthing switch, etc.)

[0204] 5 Control

[0205] 6 Shore-Ship Interface Equipment / CMS

[0206] 7 Control

[0207] 8 Protection circuit for the ship

[0208] 9 Shore connection switchgear

[0209] 10 On-board isolation transformer

[0210] 11 On-board reception circuit

[0211] 12 On-board network on the container ship

[0212] FIG.8 (safety circuit)

[0213] 20 Shore power connection; 21 Junction box; 22A, 22B Protective flap

[0214] 80 Pilot loop (of the interlock safety circuit)

[0215] 81 Control current pilot loop landside

[0216] 82 Control current pilot loop ship side

[0217] 83 Circuit breaker unit (shore side)

[0218] 84 Circuit breaker unit (ship side)

[0219] 85 detector element (sensor / on shore power connection)

[0220] FIG.9A-9B

[0221] 20 Shore power connection; 21 Junction box; 22A, 22B Protective flap

[0222] 41, 42 Explosion pressure relief device (abbreviation: EDEE)

[0223] X, Y, Z: axes of a Cartesian coordinate system a, ß limited solid angles (of the predetermined spatial area)

Claims

Claims 1. Shore power connection for supplying a ship, wherein the shore power connection is designed and equipped for the electrical connection of the on-board power grid of a berthed ship, in particular a container or cruise ship, and a shore-side supply grid, as required, in particular for the purpose of multi-phase voltage supply at at least 6.6 kV or 7.2 kV and / or at least 2 MVA connected load, wherein - the shore power connection comprises a junction box with box walls which enclose an interior space, wherein the junction box comprises at least one plug connection unit, in particular a junction box, which is provided on a box wall for detachable plug connection with a corresponding plug connector part, in particular a plug, of a ship's supply line and is permanently connectable to a supply line of the shore-side supply network in the interior space of the junction box, and - the shore power connection comprises at least one cover part which is movable relative to the terminal box and which, in a first position, at least partially covers the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part which can be plugged into it, and releases these in a second position for disconnecting or connecting the plug-in connection, characterized in that at least one explosion pressure relief device is attached to the terminal box and / or to the cover part, preferably on the terminal box and on the cover part, and that - the explosion pressure relief device forms a predefined relief opening with a predetermined orientation, and - the explosion pressure relief device preferably has at least one guide body, in particular a guide body arrangement, for guiding explosion gases which arise in the event of an arc explosion, through the relief opening and into an external spatial area.

2. Shore power connection according to claim 1, characterized in that a pressure relief element is attached to the terminal box, which is designed to release explosion gases from the interior under explosion conditions, in particular at a predetermined response pressure, and to seal it off under normal operating conditions.

3. Shore power connection according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one explosion pressure relief device comprises the pressure relief element and is attached to the box side of the terminal box, wherein the pressure relief element releases the predefined relief opening under explosion conditions in order to discharge explosion gases from the interior through the relief opening, and seals the relief opening under normal operating conditions, and / or the pressure relief element is designed to be splash-proof, preferably as a bursting disc or bursting membrane.

4. Shore power connection according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the shore power connection comprises the first cover part which is movable relative to the connection box and a second cover part, wherein the cover parts are corresponding or are designed complementarily and, preferably lockable, cooperate to enclose the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part that can be plugged thereto on at least four sides in the first position, and a locking device is provided by means of which the two cover parts can be locked in the first position, in particular can be locked together.

5. Shore power connection according to one of the preceding claims, in particular according to claim 4, characterized in that a box-side first explosion pressure relief device with a tightly closing pressure relief element is provided on the connection box and an open second explosion pressure relief device is provided on the cover side, wherein the cover-side second explosion pressure relief device is provided on the first cover part or on the second cover part.

6. Shore power connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the box-side and / or cover-side explosion pressure relief device has an explosion damper which is or are provided upstream of the relief opening in the outflow direction.

7. Shore power connection according to claim 6, wherein the guide body arrangement comprises a gas-cooling and / or pressure-reducing explosion damper.

8. Shore power connection according to one of claims 1 to 7, in particular according to claim 7, characterized in that the conducting body arrangement comprises a plurality of cooling bodies arranged parallel to one another, preferably flat cooling bodies, in particular metal plates in the manner of a parallel plate arrangement, - which preferably extend substantially in the main outflow direction and / or substantially parallel to the are arranged along the surface normal of the relief opening, and / or - which preferably form a free flow cross-section that is greater than or equal to the opening cross-section of the relief opening.

9. Shore power connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the or each explosion pressure relief device is designed as a hood-shaped add-on unit, with outer walls in which a predefined relief opening with a predetermined orientation is formed, and with a mounting flange surrounding a through-opening for mounting the add-on unit on the outside subsequently on an opening in the connection box or in the cover part, wherein the guide body arrangement is provided in the interior of the add-on unit between the through-opening and the relief opening.

10. Shore power connection according to claim 9, characterized in that in the explosion pressure relief device at least two outer walls of the add-on unit are arranged in an inclined manner, in particular trapezoidal or truncated pyramid shape, on the mounting flange as a base and the relief opening is provided in an inclined outer wall, the angle of which to the mounting flange essentially specifies the orientation of the relief flow or a main outflow direction.

11. Shore power connection for supplying a ship, wherein the shore power connection is designed and equipped for the electrical connection of the on-board power supply network of a berthed ship, in particular a container or cruise ship, and a shore-side supply network, in particular for the purpose of multi-phase voltage supply in the case of at least 6.6kV or 7.2kV and / or at least 2 MVA connected load, where - the shore power connection comprises a junction box with box walls which enclose an interior space, in particular splash-proof - the junction box comprises at least one plug-in connection unit, in particular a junction box, which is provided on a box wall for detachable plug-in connection with a corresponding plug-in connector part of a ship's supply line and can be firmly connected to a supply line of the shore-side supply network in the interior of the junction box, characterized in that - that a first cover part and a second cover part are provided, wherein at least the first cover part is movable relative to the terminal box, and wherein the cover parts are designed to correspond or complement each other in order to at least partially cover, in particular to enclose at least on four sides, the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part that can be plugged thereto in a first position, and to release them in a second position for connecting or disconnecting the plug-in connection, and - that a locking device is provided by means of which the two cover parts can be locked in the first position, in particular can be locked together.

12. Shore power connection according to claim 11, characterized in that the cover parts are designed such that in the first position the plug connection between the plug connection unit and the plug connector part cannot be released, and / or the locking device has an interlock bolt which is operatively connected to an electrical switching element, wherein the switching element is electrically connectable or connected to a safety circuit of the shore power supply.

13. Shore power connection according to claim 4 or according to one of claims 11 to 12, characterized in that the cover parts are designed to cooperate in order to enclose a plug space in the first position together with at least one wall of the connection box in a largely closed manner on all sides.

14. Shore power connection according to claim 4 or according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that - that the cover parts are dimensioned to fit the preferably cuboidal box shape of the terminal box and are designed in cross section, preferably substantially U-shaped, and in longitudinal section, preferably substantially L-shaped, in order to be flush, in particular sealingly, with an end region in the first position on a housing wall of the terminal box, and / or - one cover part in the second position engages nested into the other cover part.

15. Shore power connection according to claim 4 or according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that both cover parts are movably mounted on the terminal box, in particular designed as protective flaps and are mounted on the terminal box so that they can be opened or closed between the first and second positions, and / or a mechanism, in particular a lever mechanism, couples the movement of both cover parts relative to the terminal box and wherein preferably the terminal box forms the frame of the mechanism and / or wherein preferably at least one gas spring is coupled to the mechanism for support.

16. Shore power connection according to claim 15, characterized in that each cover part is mounted on both sides of a box-side end region by means of a respective pivot joint on the connection box.

17. Shore power connection according to claim 4 or according to one of the Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that each cover part has at least one through-hole for a ship's supply line at an end region facing away from the connection box, wherein a sealing element is preferably provided on the inside of each through-hole for tightly fitting against the ship's supply line in the first position.

18. Shore power connection according to claim 4 or according to one of the Claims 11 to 16, characterized in that each cover part has at least one through-hole for a ship's supply line at an end region facing away from the connection box, wherein a sealing element is preferably provided on the inside of each through-hole for tightly fitting against the ship's supply line in the first position.

19. Shore power connection according to one of claims 11 to 18, characterized in that at least one explosion pressure relief device, in particular according to at least one of claims 1 to 4 or 6 to 9, is provided on the first cover part or on the second cover part.

20. Shore power connection for supplying a ship, wherein the shore power connection is designed and equipped for the electrical connection of the on-board power grid of a berthed ship, in particular a container or cruise ship, and a shore-side supply grid, in particular for the purpose of multi-phase voltage supply at at least 6.6 kV or 7.2 kV and / or at least 2 MVA connected load, wherein - the shore power connection comprises a junction box with box walls which enclose an interior space, in particular splash-proof - the junction box has at least one plug-in connection unit, in particular a junction box, which is provided on a box wall for detachable plug connection with a corresponding plug-in connector part of a ship's supply line and can be firmly connected to a supply line of the shore-side supply network in the interior of the junction box, - at least one cover part is provided which is movable relative to the terminal box, characterized in that - that the at least one cover part, in a first position, secures the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part that can be plugged thereto in such a way that in the first position the plug-in connection between the plug-in connection unit and the plug-in connector part cannot be released, and the at least one cover part, in a second position, releases the plug-in connection unit and a plug-in connector part that can be plugged thereto for releasing or connecting the plug-in connection, - that a locking device is provided for locking the at least one cover part in the first position, and - that a detector element is operatively connected to the locking device and / or to the at least one cover part, wherein the detector element determines whether the at least one cover part is locked in the first position and wherein the detector element can be or is connected in terms of signal technology to a safety circuit, in particular a control current pilot loop of an interlock safety circuit, of the shore power supply.

21. Shore power connection according to claim 20, characterized in that the locking device has an interlock bolt which is operatively connected to an electrical switching element as a detector element, wherein the switching element is electrically connected to a safety circuit of the shore power supply. connectable or connected.

22. Shore power connection according to claim 20 or 21, characterized in that a first cover part and a second cover part are provided and the cover parts are designed to cooperate, - in the first position, together with at least one wall of the terminal box, to enclose a plug compartment largely closed on all sides, and / or - so that in the first position the plug connection between the plug connection unit and the connector part cannot be released.

23. Shore power connection according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that - that the cover parts are dimensioned to fit the preferably cuboidal box shape of the terminal box and are designed in cross section, preferably substantially U-shaped, and in longitudinal section, preferably substantially L-shaped, in order to be flush, in particular sealingly, with an end region in the first position on a housing wall of the terminal box, and / or - one cover part in the second position engages nested into the other cover part.

24. Shore power connection according to claim 20, characterized in that both cover parts are movably mounted on the terminal box, in particular designed as protective flaps and are mounted on the terminal box so that they can be opened or closed between the first and second positions, and / or a mechanism, in particular a lever mechanism, couples the movement of both cover parts relative to the terminal box, and wherein the terminal box preferably forms the frame of the mechanism and / or wherein at least one gas spring is preferably coupled to the mechanism for support.

25. Shore power connection according to claim 24, characterized in that each cover part is mounted on both sides of a box-side end region by means of a respective pivot joint on the connection box.

26. Shore power connection according to one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that each cover part has at least one through-hole for a ship's supply line at an end region facing away from the connection box, wherein a sealing element is preferably provided on the inside of each through-hole for tightly fitting against the ship's supply line in the first position.

27. Shore power connection according to one of claims 20 to 26, characterized in that each cover part has at least one through-hole for a ship's supply line at an end region facing away from the connection box, wherein a sealing element is preferably provided on the inside of each through-hole for tightly fitting against the ship's supply line in the first position.

28. Shore power connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shore power connection - is installed in a movable manner, in particular mounted on a positionable support arm and / or mounted on a movable carriage or a trolley; and / or - in its operating position at a quayside in a port, it is arranged or can be arranged in such a way that, in the event of an arc explosion, explosion gases are released away from the quayside through the relief opening of the explosion pressure relief device.

29. Shore power connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection box and / or the plug connection unit splash-proof, preferably according to protection class IP67 or higher.

30. Shore power connection according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connection box has at least two identical has plug-in connection units, and / or the or each plug-in connection unit of the junction box is designed and configured as a junction box for an HVSC system IEC / IEEE 80005-1:2019, in particular in accordance with the requirements of DIN EN IEC 62613-1 and DIN EN IEC 62613-2.

31. Shore-ship interface equipment, in particular for an HVSC system of a container terminal, comprising a shore power connection according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 19 or one of claims 20 to 30.

Images