Charging device and charging method

Abstract

In order to provide a charging device using soil, this charging device comprises: a separator provided between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and a conductive part in which an electrically conductive substance is mixed into soil containing ions, wherein the electrically conductive substance and the positive electrode are connected, the electrically conductive substance and the negative electrode are connected, anions are introduced to the positive electrode and cations are introduced to the negative electrode when a voltage is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

Description

Charging device and charging method

[0001] The present invention relates to a charging device and a charging method that can store electricity.

[0002] In recent years, it has been proposed to blend electrically conductive nanoporous carbon into cement, use the fluidity of water to form a nanoporous carbon network, and use the concrete as a capacitor (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

[0003] U.S. Pat. No. 1,512,022

[0004] However, Patent Document 1 only proposes storing electricity in concrete to create a capacitor, and does not propose any other applications or safety measures for actual use.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a charging device using soil.

[0006] The charging device described in claim 1 includes a separator provided between a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a conductive part formed by mixing an electrically conductive material into soil containing ions, the electrically conductive material being connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and when a voltage is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, anions are guided to the positive electrode and cations are guided to the negative electrode.The charging method described in claim 16 includes a conductive part formed by mixing an electrically conductive material into soil containing ions, a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator being provided in the conductive part, the electrically conductive material being connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and when a voltage is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, anions are guided to the positive electrode and cations are guided to the negative electrode via the conductive part.

[0007] According to the charging device of claim 1, electricity can be stored using soil mixed with an electrically conductive material. According to the charging method of claim 16, electricity can be stored using soil mixed with an electrically conductive material.

[0008] 8 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which soil is placed in a glass container and two copper plates are inserted into the soil. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a mixture of soil and carbon black is placed in a glass container and two copper plates are inserted into the mixture. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a capacitor during charging. FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the state in which a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, which are part of the capacitor's configuration, are arranged on a strip footing. FIG. 12 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the state in which the mixture has been backfilled in the dirt floor. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the state of the foundation structure after compaction. FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the state in which temporary scaffolding and a protective net are installed near the foundation structure. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing a protective net equipped with perovskite solar cells. FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view taken along arrows A-A in FIG. 8. FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a control device for controlling the charging and discharging of the capacitor of the first embodiment. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the state in which a separator, a positive electrode, and a negative electrode, which are part of the capacitor's configuration, are arranged on a strip footing of the second embodiment.

[0009] First Embodiment A first embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10. In this first embodiment, an electrically conductive material is mixed into soil to form conductive soil, and this conductive soil is used to provide a capacitor 11, which will be described later. In this first embodiment, the electrically conductive material is a material that has electronic conductivity, which allows electrons to move, and ionic conductivity, which allows ions to move. In this first embodiment, a combination of carbon black and binchotan charcoal is used as the electronically conductive material, and moist soil 2 is used as the ionic conductive material, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[0010] (Preliminary experiment to confirm the insulating properties of soil) Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view showing soil 2 placed in a glass container 1 and two copper plates 3 inserted into the soil 2. The soil 2 was collected in Tsukuba City, Ibaraki Prefecture, and was placed in the glass container 1 after being sieved through a sieve with a mesh size of 4.75 mm.

[0011] When soil 2 was subjected to a soil quality test, the density of the soil particles was found to be 2.660 g / cm ３ The natural water content was 35.7%. The particle size of Soil 2 was 4.5% gravel, 39.5% sand, 42.0% silt, and 14.0% clay. As a result, Soil 2 was classified as sandy silt.

[0012] Sandy silt contains calcium ions (Ca ２＋ ) and magnesium ions (Mg ２＋ ), soil 2 can be used as an electrolyte. If the electrolyte substance in soil 2 is insufficient, calcium ions (Ca ２＋ ), potassium ions (K ＋ ), magnesium ions (Mg ２＋ ), sodium ions (Na ＋ ) or other cations with a high ionization tendency can be added to the soil 2 as an electrolyte substance.

[0013] For example, cement contains calcium ions (Ca ２＋ ) and may be mixed with soil 2 as soil cement.

[0014] When the test leads of the tester were brought into contact with each of the two copper plates 3, no continuity was confirmed, resulting in a non-conductive state. As a result, no continuity was confirmed in the soil 2.

[0015] (Mixing of Soil and Electrically Conductive Material) The aforementioned soil 2 was mixed with an electrically conductive material. The electrically conductive material used was a combination of carbon black and binchotan charcoal, but this is not limited thereto. For example, a single carbon-derived material (e.g., binchotan charcoal or activated carbon) may also be used as the electrically conductive material. Carbon black forms a carbon network and, when mixed with soil 2, is an ideal material for lowering the internal resistance of soil 2 and increasing the charge capacity of soil 2. Binchotan charcoal is an ideal material for absorbing and releasing ions. In this first embodiment, acetylene black, produced by the thermal decomposition of acetylene, was used as the carbon black. However, Ketjenblack, a registered trademark, whose primary particles have a hollow shell structure, may also be used, as may inexpensively available activated carbon. In this case, activated carbon primarily consisting of micropores or mesopores is preferred.

[0016] The carbon-derived binchotan may be crushed or may be commercially available powdered binchotan. Activated carbon with macropores may be used instead of binchotan.

[0017] Although acetylene black and binchotan charcoal are hydrophobic substances, they become somewhat compatible with water when soaked in water for about a day. In this case, it is preferable to stir them for about 10 to 30 minutes immediately after soaking them in water. In this first embodiment, acetylene black and binchotan charcoal are soaked in water before being mixed with soil 2. This improves the compatibility between soil 2, acetylene black, and binchotan charcoal.

[0018] The amount of acetylene black added is 5% to less than 20% by weight of soil 2. If the amount of acetylene black added is 5% or more by weight of soil 2, a carbon network can be formed within soil 2. If the amount of acetylene black added is 20% or more by weight of soil 2, the resistance value of mixture 4, which will be described later, will be further reduced, but in this first embodiment, the amount is set to less than 20% in consideration of the price and cost-effectiveness of acetylene black.

[0019] The amount of binchotan charcoal added is 8% or more and less than 25% by weight of soil 2. If the amount of binchotan charcoal added is 8% or more by weight of soil 2, charging using ions of soil 2 by capacitor 11, which will be described later, becomes possible. The amount of binchotan charcoal added may be 25% or more by weight of soil 2, but in this first embodiment, it is set to less than 25% in consideration of the price and cost-effectiveness of binchotan charcoal.

[0020] The amount of binchotan charcoal to be added will vary depending on the properties of the soil 2, the amount of electrolyte contained in the soil 2, and whether or not an electrolyte is added, so the above amount should be used as a guideline. Taking into account the performance of the capacitor 11 (charge amount, charging time, etc.) described below, it is preferable to add more binchotan charcoal than acetylene black. The amount of acetylene black to be added may also be determined taking into account the internal resistance (several ohms to several tens of ohms) when mixed with the soil 2.

[0021] In the first embodiment, the mixture 4 was prepared by mixing the soil 2, acetylene black, and crushed binchotan charcoal for several minutes (1 to 2 minutes) using a mixer.

[0022] (Experiment to Confirm the Conductivity of the Mixture) FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which a mixture 4 is placed in a glass container 1 and two copper plates 3 are inserted into the mixture 4. As shown in FIG.

[0023] When the test leads of a tester were brought into contact with each of the two copper plates 3, the resistance value was about 20 to 30 Ω, confirming the conductivity of the mixture 4. This confirmed that an electrically conductive network had been formed in the soil 2 by carbon black, a carbon-derived material.

[0024] The reason why the resistance value fluctuates by about 10 Ω is because the contact state of the electrically conductive material becomes unstable due to the inclusion of gas (air) in the mixture 4. For this reason, the mixture 4 was manually compacted using a metal tamping rod, and the resistance value of the mixture 4 was measured again.

[0025] After manual compaction, the resistance of Mixture 4 was about 18-20 Ω, and it was confirmed that the resistance decreased and the fluctuations in the resistance also decreased. Note that this resistance can be reduced to a few Ω by increasing the amount of carbon black added to 10-15%.

[0026] In this first embodiment, the mixture 4 is a conductive portion in which an electrically conductive carbon network is formed, and this conductive portion is used to realize a capacitor 11 as a charging device that utilizes the ions of the soil 2.

[0027] (Experiment to confirm power storage using mixture) Fig. 3 shows the state of capacitor 11 during charging, and is shown as a cross-sectional view excluding power source 8. As shown in Fig. 3, after a separator 5 is attached to glass container 1, mixture 4 is placed therein, and a positive electrode 6 and a negative electrode 7 are inserted into mixture 4 to form capacitor 11 of the first embodiment.

[0028] The separator 5 prevents direct contact between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 7, which would otherwise cause a short circuit, while allowing ions in the mixture 4 to pass through the formed carbon network. In the first embodiment, the separator 5 can be made of a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene or polypropylene, or a polyester resin such as polyethylene terephthalate or polybutylene terephthalate. Alternatively, the separator 5 can be made of a cellulose-derived nonwoven fabric or paper (e.g., Japanese paper or kitchen paper). The separator 5 is fixed to the glass container 1 with insulating tape. Alternatively, the separator 5 may be placed in the glass container 1 by being sandwiched between insulating materials.

[0029] The positive electrode 6 can be made of a material that does not easily react chemically with the ionic substances contained in the soil 2, such as copper, aluminum, platinum, or a carbon material. In this first embodiment, a copper plate 3 is used. The positive electrode 6 is connected to a carbon network formed from acetylene black. An electric double layer is formed near the surface of the binchotan charcoal connected to this carbon network, and the positive electrode 6 is charged by attracting anions with the opposite charge.

[0030] The negative electrode 7 can be made of a material that does not easily react chemically with the ionic substances contained in the soil 2, such as copper, aluminum, platinum, or a carbon material. In this first embodiment, a copper plate 3 is used. The negative electrode 7 is connected to a carbon network formed from acetylene black. An electric double layer is formed near the surface of the binchotan charcoal connected to this carbon network, and the negative electrode 7 is charged by attracting cations with the opposite charge.

[0031] The power supply 8 is used when charging the capacitor 11, and may be a constant voltage power supply, a constant current power supply, or the like.

[0032] One end of the wire 9 is connected to the positive electrode 6, and the other end is connected to the + output terminal of the power supply 8. One end of the wire 10 is connected to the negative electrode 7, and the other end is connected to the − output terminal of the power supply 8.

[0033] In the first embodiment, a constant voltage power supply was used as the power supply 8, and charging was performed at a voltage of 1 V to 3 V. When the water content of the mixture 4 was high, charging was performed at 1.2 V or less to prevent hydrogen generation, and when the water content of the mixture 4 was low, i.e., when hydrogen generation was low, charging was performed at 3 V.

[0034] After charging for several minutes or 5 to 10 minutes (depending on the state of the mixture 4), when wires 9 and 10 were connected to a rotary motor (not shown), the rotary motor rotated. This confirmed that a carbon network was formed in the soil 2 using acetylene black, and that ions were being absorbed and released by the binchotan charcoal, an ion-absorbing material. In other words, it was confirmed that electricity could be stored using the mixture 4.

[0035] In addition, a mixture 4 was newly prepared in the above weight ratio, and sodium ions (Na ＋ ) was added. Specifically, several hundred cc of 5% concentration saline solution was added. Then, as in the case of the above, it was charged at a voltage of 1.2 V for the same time (several minutes or about 5 to 10 minutes). After that, when the wires 9 and 10 were connected to the rotary motor, the rotary motor generated sodium ions (Na ＋ Mixture 4 rotated longer than Mixture 4 without the addition of .

[0036] In this way, the amount of charge in the capacitor 11 increases by adding cations, and therefore the capacitor 11 can supply a large amount of power.

[0037] Furthermore, in civil engineering and construction, soil has played a role as the ground and foundation, but according to the first embodiment, in addition to these, soil also plays a role in storing electricity, making it possible to realize an electric double layer capacitor using soil.

[0038] (Application of Capacitor to Building) The following continues the description of the application of the above-described capacitor 11 to a building. Here, it is assumed that the capacitor 11 is applied to a foundation 30. In the first embodiment, the capacitor 11 is applied to a foundation 30 made up of a continuous footing 40 and a concrete slab 60.

[0039] Although details will be described later, the foundation 30 includes a continuous footing 40, a slab 50, a mixture 4 as a backfill material, and a concrete floor 60. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a separator 5, a positive electrode 6, and a negative electrode 7, which are part of the capacitor 11, arranged on the continuous footing 40. Note that at an actual construction site, multiple continuous footings 40 are formed along the X-axis direction and the direction perpendicular to the paper surface in the figure to form the foundation 30. Therefore, the capacitor 11 can be installed in multiple locations.

[0040] The continuous footing 40 is made of concrete with reinforcing bars arranged therein, and has shear reinforcement bars 41 and main reinforcement bars 42 extending perpendicular to the plane of the drawing formed on its upper surface. The inner surface 40a of the continuous footing 40 corresponds to the inner surface of the glass container 1, and is therefore coated or sprayed with an insulating agent to ensure insulation. Examples of insulating agents that can be used include, but are not limited to, alkylalkoxysilane-based insulating agents and silanesiloxane-based insulating agents.

[0041] The slab 50 is made of concrete and is installed on the ground 45 in the space surrounded by the continuous footing 40. It extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. In this first embodiment, the slab 50 holds or houses the components that make up the capacitor 11. The upper surface 50a of the slab 50 corresponds to the bottom surface of the glass container 1, and an insulating agent is applied or sprayed onto the upper surface 50a to ensure insulation. Examples of insulating agents that can be used include, but are not limited to, alkylalkoxysilane-based insulating agents and silanesiloxane-based insulating agents. As described above, in this first embodiment, the opposing inner surfaces 40a of the continuous footing 40 and the upper surface 50a of the slab 50 form an insulating container.

[0042] Although U.S. Patent No. 1,151,2022, listed in the prior art, discloses storing electricity in concrete, it does not disclose how to insulate reinforcing bars when they are placed in the concrete. In contrast, in the first embodiment, the mixture 4, in which an electrically conductive material is mixed into the soil, is insulated by the opposing inner surface 40a of the continuous footing 40 and the top surface 50a of the slab 50. Therefore, even if reinforcing bars are placed inside or on the top surface of the continuous footing 40, there is no need to insulate the reinforcing bars. Furthermore, because the earthen floor 46 is a large space, even if the charge per unit area is small, the large capacity of the mixture 4 allows for more electricity to be stored.

[0043] The slab 50 is formed with a first holding portion 51 for holding the separator 5, a second holding portion 52 for holding the positive electrode 6, and a third holding portion 53 for holding the negative electrode 7. The first holding portion 51, the second holding portion 52, and the third holding portion 53 each have a recess, and are formed by pouring concrete into formwork that matches the respective shapes when pouring concrete for the slab 50.

[0044] Since the first holding portion 51 is required to be insulating, it is desirable to coat or spray the insulating agent described above. Furthermore, to ensure reliable retention of the separator 5, the separator 5 can be reliably held by an elastically deformable, insulating resin material 54. While FIG. 4 shows the resin material 54 provided on both sides of the separator 5, the separator 5 may be held by providing the resin material 54 on only one side of the separator 5. In this way, the separator 5 is fitted into the recess of the first holding portion 51 by the resin material 54.

[0045] In the first embodiment, the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 have the same shape. By making the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 the same shape, a common formwork can be used, thereby reducing the cost of pouring concrete. Note that the second holding portion 52 and the third holding portion 53 may be omitted, and the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 7 may be held by the mixture 4.

[0046] When constructing the foundation structure 30, soil is excavated from the ground 45 using heavy construction machinery such as a backhoe. The excavated soil is then used as backfill material to fill the earthen floor area 46 (described later) after the continuous footing 40 is constructed. In the first embodiment, an electrically conductive material is mixed with the excavated soil to form the mixture 4. This mixing may be performed, for example, using the bucket of a backhoe at the construction site, or by a worker. The aforementioned electrolyte material may also be replenished at this time.

[0047] Here, it is preferable to place the mixture 4 produced at the construction site in the glass container 1 shown in Figure 2 and measure the resistance value of the mixture 4 produced at the construction site. It is also preferable to charge the mixture 4 produced at the construction site and measure the current value and capacitance during charging. Based on these measurement results, by further adding crushed binchotan charcoal or carbon black to the mixture 4 used as backfill material or by supplementing it with an electrolyte substance, it is possible to realize a capacitor 11 with excellent charging performance. In this way, by producing the mixture 4 for the capacitor 11 using soil excavated at the construction site, the costs of procuring and transporting the soil can be reduced.

[0048] In the first embodiment, the space surrounded by the continuous footing 40, the slab 50, and a deck 58 (see FIG. 6 ) described below forms an earthen floor 46. FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the state in which the earthen floor 46 has been backfilled with the mixture 4.

[0049] As shown in Figure 5, the mixture 4 is buried in the earthen floor 46 so as not to exceed the height of the separator 5, the positive electrode 6, the negative electrode 7, and the base 40. This ensures the insulation of the capacitor 11. Note that, since the mixture 4 is simply backfilled in the earthen floor 46, air exists within the mixture 4. If air exists within the mixture 4 and the contact between the mixture 4 particles is unstable, the internal resistance value of the mixture 4 increases, and the measured value of the internal resistance value becomes unstable.

[0050] Therefore, if the mixture 4 backfilled in the earthen floor area 46 is compacted, the shear resistance of the mixture 4 increases and the internal resistance value can be reduced, thereby improving the performance of the capacitor 11. Figure 6 is a diagram showing the state of the foundation structure 30 after compaction. As shown in Figure 6, the height of the mixture 4 has been reduced by compaction.

[0051] 6 also newly illustrates a resin sheet 55, a first pipe member 56, a second pipe member 57, a deck 58, and a concrete floor 60. The resin sheet 55 is a sheet for preventing rainwater from splashing on the capacitor 11, and in the first embodiment, a polyethylene sheet is used. Note that in the first embodiment, the concrete floor 60 can prevent rainwater from splashing on the capacitor 11. For this reason, in the first embodiment, the resin sheet 55 may be omitted, or the resin sheet 55 may be used until the concrete floor 60 is constructed.

[0052] In the first embodiment, the first pipe member 56 is a CD pipe, and is a pipe member through which the wire 9 from the positive electrode 6 passes. The second pipe member 57 is a CD pipe, and is a pipe member through which the wire 10 from the negative electrode 7 passes.

[0053] In the first embodiment, it is desirable to check the operation of the capacitor 11 before pouring the concrete floor 60. To check the operation, it is desirable to charge and discharge the capacitor 11. Although one capacitor 11 is illustrated in FIG. 5 and other figures, multiple capacitors 11 are provided at a construction site. When multiple capacitors 11 are connected in series, it is desirable to check the operation of charging and discharging with the multiple capacitors 11 connected in series.

[0054] Furthermore, depending on the results of this operation check, it may be determined whether or not to add the aforementioned electrolyte material. The determination regarding the addition of the electrolyte material may be made by an operator, or may be made by the control device 20 or a host computer, which will be described later.

[0055] Although the deck 58 is shown simply, it is supported by the continuous footing 40 and covers the earthen floor area 46. In the first embodiment, the deck 58 is made of steel, and has openings formed therein for allowing the first pipe member 56 and the second pipe member 57 to pass through.

[0056] The concrete floor 60 is made of concrete and is supported by the continuous footing 40. The concrete floor 60 has a hatch 59, which will be described later, and openings 60a and 60b formed therein.

[0057] The hatch 59 is a metal part that opens and closes the openings 60a and 60b, and the hatch 59 on the +X side shows the open state, while the hatch 59 on the -X side shows the closed state.

[0058] The opening 60a has an opening provided opposite the positive electrode 6, and is an opening that allows access to the positive electrode 6, the first pipe member 56, and the second pipe member 57 through the opening in the deck 58.

[0059] The opening 60b has an opening provided opposite the negative electrode 7, and is an opening that allows access to the negative electrode 7 and the second pipe member 57 through the opening in the deck 58. The number of openings 60a and 60b is not limited to two, and may be one, or three or more. The sizes and positions of the openings 60a and 60b can also be set appropriately.

[0060] In the first embodiment, for example, a pipe may be provided to supply the electrolyte substance to the mixture 4 through the opening 60a and the opening of the deck 58. In this case, it is preferable that the electrolyte substance be supplied in the form of a solution, for example, by dissolving it in water.

[0061] FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a state in which a temporary scaffolding 61 and a protective net 65 are set up near the foundation structure 30.

[0062] The temporary scaffolding 61 is an external scaffolding such as, but not limited to, a bitty scaffolding.

[0063] The protective net 65 is provided on the +X side (outside) of the temporary scaffolding 61 and serves as a safety measure for nearby pedestrians to prevent tools and other objects from falling. The protective net 65 is attached to the components that make up the temporary scaffolding 61 via binding members (not shown). In the first embodiment, the protective net 65 is provided with perovskite solar cells 70.

[0064] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a protective net 65 equipped with perovskite solar cells 70. As shown in FIG. 8, the protective net 65 has perovskite solar cells 70 joined in the form of strips along the Y-axis direction to the surface of a mesh 76, which is the base material of the protective net 65. If perovskite solar cells 70 were joined to the entire surface of the mesh 76, the breathability that is one of the functions of the protective net 65 would be lost. For this reason, in the first embodiment, the perovskite solar cells 70 are joined only partially to the mesh 76. When the protective net 65 is provided on the temporary scaffolding 61, the perovskite solar cells 70 may be provided along the X-axis direction or the Z-axis direction.

[0065] The mesh 76 has multiple meshes and is made of a resin material (e.g., polyester) that is resistant to rain, heat, and the like. To minimize the effects of wind, the mesh 76 preferably has a porosity of 10% to 55%, in other words, a solidity of 45% to 90%. Furthermore, the mesh 76 can have a mesh spacing (grid spacing) of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 3 mm, to prevent foreign matter from passing through. Note that minute foreign matter passing through a mesh spacing of 0.5 mm or 1 mm is practically unavoidable.

[0066] In the first embodiment, the porosity of the mesh 76 may be set according to the area of ​​the mesh 76 covered by the perovskite solar cells 70. For example, suppose that the porosity of a conventional protective net not provided with perovskite solar cells 70 is 20%. Here, if the perovskite solar cells 70 cover 50% of the area of ​​the mesh 76, then by using a mesh 76 with a porosity of 35% to 45%, preferably 40%, it is possible to ensure breathability of the protective net 65 as a whole.

[0067] Furthermore, the mesh 76 is coated with a thermally conductive agent for conducting heat from the perovskite solar cell 70 to the mesh 76, forming a thermally conductive portion 77 (see FIG. 9 ). Because the power generation efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 70 decreases when the temperature becomes too high, the heat from the perovskite solar cell 70 is transferred to the mesh 76 side to prevent a decrease in the power generation efficiency of the perovskite solar cell 70. As the thermally conductive agent, a thermally conductive grease may be used, for example, silicone grease.

[0068] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in FIG. 8 . Note that FIG. 9 illustrates the configuration of the perovskite solar cell 70 in an easily understandable manner, and therefore differs from the actual dimensions. As shown in FIG. 9 , the perovskite solar cell 70 includes a first electrode 71 (anode in this first embodiment), a hole transport layer 72, a perovskite layer 73, an electron transport layer 74, a second electrode 75 (anode in this first embodiment), and a coating layer 78 stacked in this order on a mesh 76, which is a base material, via a heat conductive portion 77. Note that a transparent protective layer is preferably provided on the surface of the second electrode 75, and it is preferable to perform a water-repellent treatment on this protective layer and form the coating layer 78 thereon.

[0069] If the proportion of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cell 70 in the area of ​​the mesh 76 increases, the amount of power generated by the perovskite solar cell 70 will increase, but the breathability of the mesh 76 will decrease, and there is a risk that the breathability required of the protective net 65 will no longer be met.

[0070] Therefore, in the first embodiment, the ratio of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cells 70 to the area of ​​the mesh 76 is set to 15% to 75%, preferably 25% to 65%, and more preferably 35% to 50%. The ratio of the area of ​​the perovskite solar cells 70 to the area of ​​the mesh 76 may be determined based on the power required for construction of the building protected by the protective net 65. Because the perovskite solar cells 70 generate electricity regardless of the position of the sun and even on cloudy days, they can be installed on four sides (east, west, south, and north) of the building. Furthermore, as the building becomes taller, the temporary scaffolding 61 also becomes taller, and the number of protective nets 65 used and the area of ​​the protective nets 65 also increase. Therefore, a sufficient power generation area for the perovskite solar cells 70 can be secured in proportion to the size of the building.

[0071] 10 is a block diagram of a control device 20 for controlling the charging and discharging of the capacitor 11 in the first embodiment. In the first embodiment, the capacitor 11 is charged by the perovskite solar cell 70 described above, but the present invention is not limited to this.

[0072] The control device 20 includes a charge switch 12 , a discharge switch 13 , a communication unit 14 , a memory 15 , and a control unit 16 .

[0073] The charging switch 12 is an on / off switch, and when the switch is on, the capacitor 11 is charged by the perovskite solar cell 70, and when the switch is off, the capacitor 11 is not charged by the perovskite solar cell 70. Note that in the first embodiment, the charging switch 12 may be omitted, and the capacitor 11 may be constantly charged by the perovskite solar cell 70.

[0074] The discharge switch 13 is an on / off switch that discharges to a load when the switch is on and does not discharge to a load when the switch is off. Examples of loads include power supplies for lighting, surveillance cameras, and various sensors (such as motion sensors, sound level meters, and fire sensors). If the power supply is an AC power supply, it can be converted to AC power by an inverter.

[0075] The communication unit 14 is a wireless communication unit that accesses a wide area network such as the Internet. The communication unit 14 may also use wired communication. In the first embodiment, the communication unit 14 communicates with a host computer that is located remotely.

[0076] The communication unit 14 communicates, for example, the daily amounts of charge and discharge to the host computer. As construction progresses from low-rise buildings to mid-rise and high-rise buildings, the number of protective nets 65 used and the area of ​​the protective nets 65 increase, and the amount of power generated by the perovskite solar cells 70 increases. Accordingly, the amount of charge on the capacitors 11 increases, and the amount of discharge from the capacitors 11 also increases. This allows the host computer to acquire the amounts of charge and discharge as construction progresses not only at one construction site, but at multiple construction sites.

[0077] Furthermore, if a solar power generation system is installed on the roof of a building or perovskite solar cells 70 are installed in the windows of the building, electricity generated by sunlight can be charged into the capacitor 11 even after the building is completed. The communication unit 14 may be configured to communicate the daily charge and discharge amounts to the host computer even after completion of the building. After completion of the building, the electricity stored in the capacitor 11 can be used for various lighting purposes or as power in emergencies such as power outages. Needless to say, perovskite solar cells installed in the windows of a building do not require the breathability required for the protective net 65.

[0078] The memory 15 is a non-volatile memory (for example, a flash memory) that stores a program for controlling the charging and discharging of the capacitor 11. The memory 15 also stores, for example, the daily charge amount and discharge amount of the capacitor 11. The memory 15 may also store the hourly charge amount and discharge amount.

[0079] The control unit 16 includes a CPU and controls the charging and discharging of the capacitor 11. In the first embodiment, the control unit 16 monitors the voltage of the capacitor 11, and when the voltage becomes lower than a lower threshold, the control unit 16 turns off the discharge switch 13 to prevent discharging to the load. The control unit 16 may also control the charge switch 12 to turn off and prevent charging when the voltage becomes higher than an upper threshold.

[0080] As described above, in the first embodiment, electricity generated by natural energy such as sunlight can be charged and used from the time of construction of a building until after completion, making it possible to realize construction work and buildings with low carbon dioxide emissions.

[0081] 11, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and their description will be omitted or simplified. In the second embodiment, the earthen floor portion 46 is divided into two portions by a concrete partition block 63.

[0082] 11 is a diagram showing the arrangement of a separator 5, a positive electrode 6, and a negative electrode 7, which are part of the capacitor 11, on the strip footing of the second embodiment. In this way, two capacitors 11 may be arranged in the divided earthen floor portion 46. Furthermore, the number of divisions is not limited to two and can be set arbitrarily.

[0083] In this case, the capacitor 11 including the mixture 4 may be unitized, and the unitized capacitor 11 may be placed in the earthen floor area 46. An example of a unitized capacitor is the capacitor 11 shown in Fig. 3, and a lid member may be provided on the top surface. In this case, the lid member may be provided with openings corresponding to the positions of the separator 5, the positive electrode 6, and the negative electrode 7, and an opening / closing part for opening and closing the opening may be provided.

[0084] The above-described embodiment is a preferred example of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention. For example, the unitized capacitor 11 may be installed under a concrete road. The concrete prevents the capacitor 11 from being affected by rainwater, and since the concrete is removed during gas or sewer construction work, the capacitor 11 can be maintained or replaced, thereby realizing a safe and easy-to-use capacitor 11.

[0085] DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 2: Soil 3: Copper plate 4: Mixture 5: Separator 6: Positive electrode 7: Negative electrode 11: Capacitor 12: Charging switch 13: Discharging switch 16: Control unit 20: Control device 30: Foundation structure 40: Strip footing 51: First holding unit 54: Resin material 45: Ground 46: Dirt floor 60: Dirt floor concrete

Claims

1. An electrically charged device comprising: a separator provided between a positive electrode and a negative electrode; and a conductive portion in which an electrically conductive material is mixed into soil containing ions, wherein the electrically conductive material is connected to the positive electrode and the electrically conductive material is connected to the negative electrode, and when a voltage is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the device introduces anions to the positive electrode and introduces cations to the negative electrode.

2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive material is a carbon-based material.

3. The charging device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises carbon black and binchotan charcoal, and the weight ratio of the binchotan charcoal to the soil is greater than the weight ratio of the carbon black to the soil.

4. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator and the conductive portion are provided on a foundation of a building.

5. The charging device according to claim 4, wherein said base portion comprises concrete and an insulating layer having an insulating material provided on the surface of said concrete.

6. The charging device according to claim 4 or 5, further comprising a holding member for holding said separator on said base portion.

7. The charging device according to claim 6, wherein said holding member comprises concrete and an insulating layer having an insulating material provided on the surface of said concrete.

8. The charging device according to claim 7, wherein said holding member has a recess and an elastically deformable resin provided in said recess.

9. The charging device according to claim 5, wherein the foundation portion comprises a slab provided on the ground and a strip footing provided on both sides of the slab, and the conductive portion is housed in the space formed by the slab and the strip footing.

10. The charging device according to claim 9, wherein the conductive portion is housed in the space so as to leave an upper portion of the space.

11. The charging device according to claim 10, further comprising a top plate portion connected to the slab and covering an upper portion of the space.

12. The charging device according to claim 11, wherein the top plate portion is provided with an opening having an aperture through which a wire from the positive electrode and a wire from the negative electrode pass.

13. The charging device according to claim 12, wherein the wiring from the positive electrode and the wiring from the negative electrode pass through the opening via a pipe member.

14. The charging device according to claim 13, wherein a concrete floor is formed above said slab and said top plate portion.

15. The charging device according to claim 14, wherein the concrete floor has a communication portion that can communicate with the space.

16. A charging method comprising the steps of: providing a conductive section in which an electrically conductive material is mixed into soil containing ions; providing a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator in the conductive section; connecting the electrically conductive material to the positive electrode, and connecting the electrically conductive material to the negative electrode; and introducing anions to the positive electrode and cations to the negative electrode when a voltage is applied between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

17. The charging method according to claim 16, wherein the electrically conductive material is a material derived from carbon.

18. A method for charging as claimed in claim 16 or 17, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises carbon black and binchotan charcoal, and the weight ratio of the binchotan charcoal to the soil is greater than the weight ratio of the carbon black to the soil.

19. The charging method according to claim 16, wherein the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator and the conductive portion are provided on a foundation of a building, and charging is performed using the foundation.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the concrete foundation is provided with an insulating material.

21. The charging method according to claim 19 or 20, wherein the holding member for holding the separator is formed using a form.

22. The charging method according to claim 21, wherein said holding member is provided with an insulating material on the surface of the concrete formed by said formwork.

23. The charging method according to claim 22, wherein the holding member has a recess formed by the formwork, and the separator and elastically deformable resin are placed in the recess.

24. The charging method according to claim 20, wherein the foundation portion has a slab provided on the ground and a strip footing provided on both sides of the slab, and the conductive portion is housed in the space formed by the slab and the strip footing.

25. The charging method according to claim 24, wherein the conductive portion is housed in the space so as to leave an upper portion of the space.

26. The charging method according to claim 25, further comprising providing a top plate portion connected to the slab and covering the upper portion of the space.

27. The charging method according to claim 26, wherein the top plate portion is provided with an opening through which a wire from the positive electrode and a wire from the negative electrode pass.

28. The charging method according to claim 27, wherein the wiring from the positive electrode and the wiring from the negative electrode pass through the opening via a tubular member.

29. The charging method according to claim 28, wherein a concrete floor is formed above the slab and the top plate portion.

30. The charging method according to claim 29, wherein a communication part that can communicate with the space is provided in the concrete floor.

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