Decorative laminate, transfer sheet, decorative member, and mobile body

Abstract

A decorative laminate 10 has a front side surface 11 and a back side surface 12. The decorative laminate is provided with a shaping layer 20 and a light diffusion layer 90. The shaping layer 20 has a shaping surface 20a on which an uneven structure 25 is formed. The decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13. In the unit optical element 13, the shaping surface 20a includes a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A and a plurality of connection surfaces 26B connecting adjacent inclined surfaces 26A. The angle of the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction is larger than the angle of the connection surface 26B, which is connected to the inclined surface 26A, with respect to the normal direction. The light diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light. A ratio G (85) / G (20), which is the ratio of a specular glossiness G (85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 to a specular glossiness G (20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, is 2 or more and 30 or less.

Description

Decorative laminate, transfer sheet, decorative member, and moving body

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a decorative laminate, a transfer sheet, a decorative member, and a moving body.

[0002] Decorative laminates for decorating interior and exterior products of automobiles (instrument panels, etc.), home appliances, houses, etc. are known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). Patent Document 1 discloses a decorative laminate having a textured pattern on its surface.

[0003] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-179517

[0004] Such decorative laminates are required to be able to express a variety of designs. In particular, decorative laminates are required to express designs with a three-dimensional effect. On the other hand, decorative laminates are sometimes required to express a matte texture with a subdued gloss. A decorative laminate that expresses a three-dimensional effect and a matte texture allows for a wide range of design expressions accompanied by a sense of luxury.

[0005] The present disclosure has been made in consideration of the above points, and aims to provide a decorative laminate and a decorative member that have a three-dimensional effect and a matte texture.

[0006] An embodiment of the present disclosure relates to the following [1] to

[14] .

[0007] [1] A decorative laminate having a front side and a back side located opposite to the front side, the decorative laminate comprising a shaping layer and a light diffusion layer located closer to the front side than the shaping layer, the shaping layer having a shaping surface on which a concave-convex structure is formed, the decorative laminate having at least one unit optical element that provides incident light with at least one optical effect selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction in accordance with the concave-convex structure, the shaping surface of the unit optical element including a plurality of inclined surfaces aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along a normal direction of the decorative laminate and inclined toward the reference line, and a plurality of connecting surfaces connecting adjacent inclined surfaces, the angle of the inclined surfaces with respect to the normal direction being greater than the angle of the connecting surfaces connected to the inclined surfaces with respect to the normal direction, the light diffusion layer diffusing the incident light, The ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front surface of the decorative laminate to the specular gloss G(20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front surface of the decorative laminate, is 2 or more and 30 or less.

[0008] [2] The decorative laminate according to [1], wherein the plurality of inclined surfaces are lens surfaces, and the plurality of connecting surfaces are rise surfaces.

[0009] [3] The decorative laminate according to [1] or [2], wherein the specular gloss G(60) at an incident angle of 60° on the front side of the decorative laminate is 70 or less.

[0010] [4] The total light reflectance (R ) measured from the front side in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009 ＳＣＩ The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [3], wherein the ratio of the total surface area to the total surface area is 10% or more.

[0011] [5] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the light diffusion layer contains a binder resin and a light diffusion material dispersed in the binder resin.

[0012] [6] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the light diffusion layer has an uneven surface that diffuses incident light.

[0013] [7] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the decorative laminate includes a brightness adjustment layer disposed on the shaping surface side of the shaping layer.

[0014] [8] The decorative laminate according to [7], wherein the brightness adjustment layer is a vapor-deposited film.

[0015] [9] The decorative laminate according to [7] or [8], wherein the shaping surface of the shaping layer faces the back side surface, and a second brightness adjustment layer is provided that is located closer to the back side surface than the brightness adjustment layer and in contact with the brightness adjustment layer.

[0016]

[10] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to [9], wherein the plurality of connection surfaces form an angle with respect to the normal direction of the decorative laminate.

[0017]

[11] The decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to

[10] , further comprising a substrate located closer to the front side surface than the light diffusion layer.

[0018]

[12] A transfer sheet comprising: the decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to

[10] ; and a transfer substrate laminated on the front surface side of the decorative laminate.

[0019]

[13] A decorative member comprising: a molded part; and the decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to

[11] that covers at least a part of the molded part.

[0020]

[14] A moving body comprising the decorative laminate according to any one of [1] to

[11] .

[0021] Effect of the Invention According to the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a decorative laminate and a decorative member that have a three-dimensional appearance and a matte texture.

[0022] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of the present invention and is a perspective view showing a moving body including a decorative member. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1 , showing the decorative member of FIG. 1 together with a sensor. FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged plan view showing a decorative laminate according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3 . FIG. 5 is an enlarged plan view showing a reflective layer of the decorative laminate. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the function of the decorative laminate. FIG. 7A is a diagram illustrating a decorative laminate according to a comparative example. FIG. 7B is a diagram illustrating a decorative laminate according to a comparative example. FIG. 7C is a diagram illustrating a decorative laminate according to a comparative example. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a method for measuring total light reflectance. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a transfer sheet according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a manufacturing method for a decorative member according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a manufacturing method for a decorative member according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a manufacturing method for a decorative member according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of a manufacturing method for a decorative member according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Fig. 14A is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a matrix for manufacturing a shaping mold according to an embodiment. Fig. 14B is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a matrix for manufacturing a shaping mold according to an embodiment. Fig. 14C is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a matrix for manufacturing a shaping mold according to an embodiment. Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a shaping mold according to an embodiment. Fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a shaping mold according to an embodiment. Fig. 17 is a cross-sectional view showing a shaping mold according to an embodiment and a shaping layer shaped by the shaping mold. Fig. 18 is a diagram illustrating a decorative laminate according to Modification 1. Fig. 19 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 1. Fig. 20 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 2. Fig. 21 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 2. Fig. 22 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 3. Fig. 23 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 3. Fig. 24 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 3. Fig. 25 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 3. Fig. 26 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 4. Fig. 27 is a diagram illustrating a transfer sheet according to Modification 4. FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a decorative laminate according to the fifth modification.FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a plan view of the shape-imparting layer in Modification 6. FIG. 30 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in Modification 6. FIG. 31 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in Modification 6. FIG. 32 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in Modification 6. FIG. 33 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in Modification 6. FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XXXIV-XXXIV in FIG. 33. FIG. 35 is a diagram showing an example of a cone. FIG. 36 is a diagram showing another example of a cone. FIG. 37 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XXXVII-XXXVII in FIG. 33. FIG. 38 is a diagram showing an example of a pyramid. FIG. 39 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in Modification 6. FIG. 40 is a diagram showing an example of a frustum. FIG. 41 is a diagram corresponding to FIG. 34 and shows a decorative laminate in Modification 6. FIG. 42 is a diagram showing an example of a pyramid with a portion cut away. Fig. 43 is a view corresponding to Fig. 34 and shows a decorative laminate in Modification 6. Fig. 44 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XLIV-XLIV in Fig. 39. Fig. 45 is a view corresponding to Fig. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in Modification 6. Fig. 46 is a view corresponding to Fig. 29 and shows a shape-imparting layer in Modification 6. Fig. 47 is a cross-sectional view taken along line XLVII-XLVII in Fig. 46. Fig. 48 is a view showing a transfer sheet in Modification 7. Fig. 49 is a view showing a transfer sheet in Modification 8. Fig. 50 is a perspective view showing a decorative member in Modification 9.

[0023] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. In the drawings accompanying this specification, the scale and aspect ratios have been appropriately changed and exaggerated from those of the actual objects for the sake of ease of illustration and understanding.

[0024] In order to clarify the directional relationships between the drawings, common directions are indicated in several drawings by arrows with common symbols. Arrows pointing into the paper in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of the drawing are indicated by a symbol with an X in a circle, as shown in Fig. 2, for example. Furthermore, arrows pointing toward the viewer in a direction perpendicular to the paper surface of the drawing are indicated by a symbol with a dot in a circle, as shown in Fig. 3, for example. The number of inclined surfaces 26A and connecting surfaces 26B, which will be described later, in the drawings may be appropriately changed from one drawing to another in order to simplify the drawings.

[0025] As used in this specification, terms such as "parallel," "perpendicular," and "same" that specify shapes and geometric conditions and their degrees, as well as values ​​of lengths and angles, are not limited to strict meanings but are interpreted to include a range within which similar functions can be expected.

[0026] In this specification, terms such as "film," "sheet," and "plate" are not distinguished from one another solely on the basis of differences in name. For example, a "transfer sheet" cannot be distinguished from a member called a transfer film solely on the basis of differences in name.

[0027] In this specification, when multiple upper limit value candidates and multiple lower limit value candidates are listed for a certain parameter, the numerical range of the parameter may be constructed by combining any one upper limit value candidate with any one lower limit value candidate. As an example, consider the following statement: "Parameter B may be A1 or more, A2 or more, or A3 or more. Parameter B may be A4 or less, A5 or less, or A6 or less." In this example, the numerical range of parameter B may be A1 or more and A4 or less, A1 or more and A5 or less, A1 or more and A6 or less, A2 or more and A4 or less, A2 or more and A5 or less, A2 or more and A6 or less, A3 or more and A4 or less, A3 or more and A5 or less, or A3 or more and A6 or less.

[0028] In this specification, "suppress" means to restrain or prevent something from happening or occurring. "Suppress" does not only mean to completely prevent something from happening or occurring, but also means to reduce the possibility of something happening or occurring or to make something less likely to happen or occur.

[0029] 1 to 17 are diagrams illustrating one embodiment. Of these, Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are diagrams illustrating an application example of a decorative member 3 including a decorative laminate 10. The decorative laminate 10 is formed in a sheet shape and is also called a decorative sheet. The decorative laminate 10 displays a design and imparts design to an article to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied (the decorative member 3 in the example shown in Fig. 1 ).

[0030] In the example shown in FIG. 1 , the decorative member 3 is used in a mobile body 1. In the illustrated example, the decorative member 3 is installed on the front panel 2 of the mobile body 1. As will be described later, the decorative member 3 includes a decorative laminate 10. Therefore, the mobile body 1 equipped with the decorative member 3 also includes the decorative laminate 10. The front panel 2 is formed as a front grille in engine vehicles. On the other hand, in electric vehicles, a heat exchanger that should be air-cooled, such as a radiator, may not be installed. Therefore, the front panel 2 does not have to be formed as a grille with a large number of holes formed therein.

[0031] An embodiment will be described below with reference to specific application examples shown in the drawings. The mobile body 1 shown in FIG. 1 is an automobile. However, the mobile body 1 to which the decorative member 3 is applied is not limited to automobiles. The decorative member 3 can also be applied to other mobile bodies 1 that are movable devices. Examples of mobile bodies 1 other than automobiles include railway cars, dollies, ships, airplanes, helicopters, drones, and robots. The decorative member 3 and the decorative laminate 10 may be used in the interior of a mobile body. The decorative member 3 and the decorative laminate 10 can also be applied to building materials such as interior materials, exterior materials, ceiling materials, and floor materials, as well as home appliance cases, communication device housings, cosmetic containers, and the like. More specifically, the decorative member 3 and the decorative laminate 10 can also be applied to smartphone housings and smartphone covers.

[0032] <<Decorative Member>> First, the overall configuration of the decorative member 3 will be described with reference to FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 2, the decorative member 3 has a front side surface 3a and a back side surface 3b opposite the front side surface 3a. The front side surface 3a and the back side surface 3b extend along a front side surface 66 and a back side surface 67 of a molded portion 65, respectively, as described below. In the illustrated example, the front side surface 3a and the back side surface 3b extend planarly in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy perpendicular to the X direction Dx. The front side surface 3a and the back side surface 3b face each other in the Z direction Dz perpendicular to both the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy. The Z direction Dz coincides with the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. However, this example is not limiting, and the front side surface 3a and the back side surface 3b may be curved.

[0033] In the example shown in Fig. 2, the decorative member 3 includes a molded portion 65 and a decorative laminate 10 that covers at least a portion of the molded portion 65. In the example shown in Fig. 2, the molded portion 65 and the decorative laminate 10 are laminated in this order in a direction from the back surface 3b toward the front surface 3a of the decorative member 3 (Z direction Dz). In the example shown in Fig. 2, the decorative member 3 is disposed facing the sensor 5. In the example shown in Fig. 2, the molded portion 65 faces the sensor 5, and the decorative laminate 10 faces the viewer 6.

[0034] The decorative laminate 10 has a front side surface 11 and a back side surface 12. In the example shown in FIG. 2 , the front side surface 11 forms the front side surface 3a of the decorative member 3. The back side surface 12 faces the back side surface 3b (the molded portion 65 side) of the decorative member 3. The front side surface 11 and the back side surface 12 extend along the front side surface 66 of the molded portion 65, which will be described later. In the example shown, the front side surface 11 and the back side surface 12 extend in a planar shape in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy, respectively. The front side surface 11 and the back side surface 12 face each other in the Z direction Dz. However, this is not limited to this example, and the front side surface 11 and the back side surface 12 may be curved.

[0035] The molded portion 65 has a front side surface 66 and a back side surface 67. The back side surface 67 forms the back side surface 3b of the decorative member 3. The front side surface 66 faces the front side surface 3a side (the decorative laminate 10 side) of the decorative member 3. In the illustrated example, the front side surface 66 and the back side surface 67 extend in a planar shape in the X direction Dx and the Y direction Dy, respectively. The front side surface 66 and the back side surface 67 face each other in the Z direction Dz. However, this example is not limiting, and the front side surface 66 and the back side surface 67 may also be curved.

[0036] The molded portion 65 may be formed from various materials such as a resin material or glass. There are no particular limitations on the resin material that forms the molded portion 65. Examples of resin materials that can be used to form the molded portion 65 include polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), acrylonitrile ethylene-propylene-diene styrene (AES), and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA).

[0037] The molded portion 65 may be colored. In this case, a desired color can be imparted to the decorative member 3. The molded portion 65 may be transparent or opaque. When the molded portion 65 is opaque, it can conceal at least a portion of the article to which the decorative member 3 is applied. For example, in the example shown in FIG. 2 , the opaque molded portion 65 allows the decorative member 3 to conceal the sensor 5. In this case, the colored molded portion 65 can be made of the same material as the colored layer 36 described below.

[0038] As used herein, "transparent" means that the total light transmittance is 50% or more when measured using a haze meter ("HM-150N" manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory, Inc., conforming to JIS K7361:1997). Materials and members referred to as being transparent in this specification preferably have a total light transmittance of 80% or more when measured by the above-mentioned method.

[0039] As shown in FIG. 2 , the decorative member 3 may be disposed facing a sensor 5 that uses electromagnetic waves with wavelengths longer than visible light. For example, the sensor 5 may monitor the surroundings of the mobile body 1. The detection results of the sensor 5 may be transmitted to a control device 4 of the mobile body 1. The control device 4 may issue an alarm or control the movement of the mobile body 1 based on the detection results of the sensor 5. For example, the sensor 5 may detect an obstacle ahead of the mobile body 1. The sensor 5 may be capable of emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. The sensor 5 can detect the presence or distance of an obstacle by receiving waves reflected by the obstacle. The sensor 5 may be a millimeter-wave radar device. The millimeter-wave radar device may use millimeter waves with a wavelength of 1 mm or more and 10 mm or less as electromagnetic waves. Alternatively, the sensor 5 may be a LIDAR device. The LIDAR device may use infrared rays as electromagnetic waves.

[0040] The sensor 5 faces the back surface 3b of the decorative member 3. The electromagnetic waves used by the sensor 5 pass through the decorative member 3 along the Z direction Dz. In the example shown in FIG. 2 , the front surface 3a and the back surface 3b serve as the emission and incidence surfaces of the electromagnetic waves. It is preferable that the front surface 3a and the back surface 3b are flat surfaces at least in the region facing the sensor 5 in the Z direction Dz. By making the front surface 3a and the back surface 3b flat surfaces, a decrease in the sensitivity of the sensor 5 due to diffusion of the electromagnetic waves can be suppressed.

[0041] <<Decorative Laminate>> Next, the decorative laminate 10 will be described in more detail. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the decorative laminate 10. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3. As shown in FIG. 4, the decorative laminate 10 includes a shape-imparting layer 20 and a light-diffusing layer 90. The light-diffusing layer 90 is not shown in FIG. 3. The light-diffusing layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27, which will be described later. The light-diffusing layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the shape-imparting layer 20. The light-diffusing layer 90 and the shape-imparting layer 20 overlap in the normal direction Dn. The shape-imparting layer 20 has a shape-imparting surface 20a on which a concavo-convex structure 25 is formed. The shape-imparting layer 20 has a non-shape-imparting surface 20b located opposite the shape-imparting surface 20a. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the non-shape-imparting surface 20b is a flat surface perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the shaping surface 20a faces the back surface 12. The non-shaping surface 20b faces the front surface 11. The decorative laminate 10 includes a brightness adjustment layer 30 arranged on the shaping surface 20a side of the shaping layer 20. The brightness adjustment layer 30 covers the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the decorative laminate 10 includes a filling layer 40. The filling layer 40 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the shaping layer 20. The filling layer 40 and the shaping layer 20 overlap in the normal direction Dn. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the filling layer 40 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the luminance adjustment layer 30. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the filling layer 40, the luminance adjustment layer 30, and the shaping layer 20 are stacked in this order along the Z direction Dz from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11. The filling layer 40 fills in irregularities (described later) formed in the brightness adjustment layer 30. In the example shown in Fig. 4, the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The filling layer 40 forms the back side surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0042] As shown in Figure 3, the decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13. Each unit optical element 13 provides at least one optical effect selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction to light incident on the front surface 11 in accordance with the uneven structure 25 of the shaping surface 20a. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a three-dimensional effect that is greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10. As a result, the design of the decorative laminate 10 is improved. In the illustrated example, the decorative laminate 10 has multiple unit optical elements 13. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to be given a complex design by combining multiple unit optical elements 13.

[0043] <Shape-imparting layer> First, a description will be given of the shape-imparting layer 20. The shape-imparting layer 20 plays a role in enabling a rich design expression by expressing a three-dimensional effect that is greater than the thickness of the shape-imparting layer 20.

[0044] The shaping layer 20 will now be described. The decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit shaping element 23. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the shaping layer 20 has a plurality of unit shaping elements 23. By including a plurality of unit shaping elements 23 in the shaping layer 20, a plurality of unit optical elements 13 can be formed in the decorative laminate 10. One unit shaping element 23 corresponds to one unit optical element 13. On the shaping surface 20a, each unit shaping element 23 has a concave-convex structure 25 formed therein. The concave-convex structure 25 can be formed by shaping the shaping layer 20 using a shaping mold 100 described below.

[0045] The uneven structure 25 formed on the shaping surface 20a causes light incident on the unit optical elements 13 to have an optical effect corresponding to the uneven structure 25. The unit optical elements 13 provide the incident light with at least one optical effect selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction according to the uneven structure 25. In the illustrated example, the shape of the uneven structure 25 is determined so as to converge and / or diverge parallel light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. All or part of each unit optical element 13 may be configured to converge light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. In this specification, a lens configured to converge light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is referred to as a "convex lens." A convex lens is a lens configured to provide an optical effect similar to that of a convex mirror. A lens configured to diverge light incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is referred to as a "concave lens." A concave lens is a lens configured to provide the same optical effect as a concave mirror. In the example shown in FIG. 4, when the decorative laminate 10 is observed from the front surface 11 side, the entire unit optical element 13 functions as a convex lens. A portion of the unit optical element 13 may function as a convex lens. The entire or a portion of the unit optical element 13 may function as a concave lens. By making the entire or a portion of the unit optical element 13 function as a convex or concave lens, the decorative laminate 10 can express a design with more depth than the actual thickness of the decorative laminate 10. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a three-dimensional effect. Therefore, the decorative laminate 10 can realize a rich design expression accompanied by a luxurious feel.

[0046] The dimensions of each unit shaping element 23 in a planar view of the decorative laminate 10 (and therefore the dimensions of each unit optical element 13) are not particularly limited and can be set appropriately depending on the design expressed by the decorative laminate 10. However, from the viewpoint of making the visual effect of the unit optical elements 13 effective, it is preferable that each unit shaping element 23 has a size that allows each to be distinguished with the naked eye. Specifically, the shortest length of the unit shaping element 23 may be 1.0 mm or more, 10 mm or more, or 20 mm or more. Furthermore, the longest length of the unit shaping element 23 may be 200 mm or less, or 100 mm or less. The dimensions of each unit shaping element 23 in a planar view of the decorative laminate 10 may be 1.0 mm or more and 200 mm or less.

[0047] In the unit optical element 13, the shaping surface 20a includes a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B. In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4, each unit shaping element 23 corresponding to each unit optical element 13 has a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B. As a result, a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B are formed in each unit optical element 13.

[0048] The multiple inclined surfaces 26A are aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 and are inclined toward the reference line. The multiple connecting surfaces 26B connect adjacent inclined surfaces 26A. In the illustrated example, the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are aligned in a direction toward a first reference line L1 extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 and are inclined toward the first reference line L1. The unit optical element 13 including the multiple inclined surfaces 26A aligned in a direction toward the reference line and inclined toward the reference line includes, on any of the above cross sections, unit optical elements 13 including: multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 aligned in a direction toward the first reference line L1 and inclined toward the first reference line L1; and multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 aligned in a direction toward the second reference line L2 and inclined toward the second reference line L2.

[0049] The plurality of inclined surfaces 26A and the plurality of connecting surfaces 26B provide an optical effect to the light incident on the unit optical element 13 according to the shapes of the plurality of inclined surfaces 26A and the plurality of connecting surfaces 26B.

[0050] In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4, the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are lens surfaces. In other words, the multiple inclined surfaces 26A correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along planes perpendicular to the thickness direction. In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4, the multiple connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces. In other words, the multiple connecting surfaces 26B correspond to rise surfaces connecting adjacent lens surfaces. Such an uneven structure 25 allows the unit optical elements 13 to function as lenses. Furthermore, such an uneven structure 25 effectively suppresses an increase in the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 due to the unit optical elements 13 functioning as lenses. For example, as in the illustrated example, when the decorative member 3 is used in a vehicle front grille, the decorative member 3 may be required to be thin in order to reduce weight. Furthermore, when the decorative member 3 is arranged facing the sensor 5, the decorative laminate 10 is required to allow electromagnetic waves emitted from the sensor 5 to pass through the decorative member 3 with high transmittance. In this case, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate 10. The unit optical elements 13 function as lenses because the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are lens surfaces and the multiple connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces. This allows the area of ​​the decorative laminate 10 having the unit optical elements 13 to express a three-dimensional effect that is greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10.

[0051] The shaping surface 20a forms a reflective interface 27 that reflects light. In the example shown in Fig. 4, a reflective interface 27 having a shape corresponding to the shape of the uneven structure 25 of the shaping surface 20a is formed between the shaping surface 20a and the brightness adjustment layer 30 that covers the shaping surface 20a. In the example shown in Fig. 4, the reflective interface 27 is formed at the position of the shaping surface 20a. Although not shown, the reflective interface 27 may be formed at a position away from the shaping surface 20a in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 of the inclined surface 26A. In other words, the position of the shaping surface 20a formed by shaping and the position of the reflective interface 27 that has a shape corresponding to the shape of the shaping surface 20a and reflects light may be different.

[0052] The angle of the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 is larger than the angle of the connecting surface 26B connected to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. Specifically, the angle θC of the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn, as described below, is larger than the angle θB of the connecting surface 26B connected to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. The maximum value of the inclination angle θA of the tangent plane tangent to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 is the angle θC. The maximum value of the inclination angle of the tangent plane tangent to the connecting surface 26B adjacent to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 is the angle θB. The angle θB is also referred to as the rise angle θB. If the inclined surface 26A has a portion perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 and the connecting surface 26B does not have a portion perpendicular to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10, the angle θC is considered to be greater than the angle θB.

[0053] In the example shown in FIG. 4, a portion of the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 that forms the unit optical element 13 forms a curved surface 25a that protrudes from the back surface 12 toward the front surface 11 in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In the examples shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the concave-convex structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 has a Fresnel lens structure. In this case, the multiple inclined surfaces 26A correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing the lens surface of a curved lens, such as a spherical lens or a cylindrical lens, into multiple parts along a surface perpendicular to the thickness direction (optical axis direction) of the curved lens. The multiple connecting surfaces 26B correspond to rise surfaces connecting the multiple lens surfaces. In this embodiment, the concave-convex structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 is a linear Fresnel lens or has a structure combining linear Fresnel lenses. In particular, the concave-convex structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 shown in FIG. 4 has a structure combining linear Fresnel lenses. For this reason, when the decorative laminate 10 is observed from the front surface 11 side, the entire unit optical element 13 functions as a convex lens. Each unit optical element 13 in this embodiment has an optical axis Ax.

[0054] In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the unit optical element 13 includes a first region 234. In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , each of the multiple unit optical elements 13 includes the first region 234. The multiple inclined surfaces 26A include at least one first inclined surface 26A1 arranged in the first region 234. In this embodiment, the multiple inclined surfaces 26A include multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1. The multiple connecting surfaces 26B include at least one first connecting surface 26B1 connecting adjacent first inclined surfaces 26A1. The multiple connecting surfaces 26B include multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1. In the example shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are flat. The multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 correspond to multiple lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction. The multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1 correspond to rise surfaces connecting the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 corresponding to the multiple lens surfaces. In the examples shown in Figures 3 and 4, each of the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 is configured to have a function corresponding to the function of each of the multiple curved surfaces formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface. By adjusting the inclination of the multiple flat first inclined surfaces 26A1, each of the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 can be configured to have a function corresponding to the function of each of the multiple curved surfaces formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface. Although not shown, each of the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 may be a curved surface formed by dividing a continuous convex lens surface. Such multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 allow the unit optical element 13 to function as a convex lens while keeping the thickness of the mold layer 20 small.

[0055] As described above, the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10 and are inclined toward the reference line. Multiple inclined surfaces aligned in succession close to the reference line are referred to as reference-line-proximate inclined surfaces. In the example shown in FIG. 4 , the reference line (first reference line L1) passes through the first region 234. Multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned in succession close to the reference line. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 4 , the first inclined surface 26A1 corresponds to the reference-line-proximate inclined surface.

[0056] As an example, in a cross section of the unit optical element 13 taken along the direction in which the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are arranged, the standard deviation of the pitch of the reference-line-nearby inclined surfaces on one side of the reference line is 5 μm or less, and the standard deviation of the height is 1 μm or less. FIG. 4 corresponds to a cross section of the unit optical element 13 taken along the direction in which the multiple inclined surfaces 26A are arranged. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the first inclined surface 26A1 corresponds to the reference-line-nearby inclined surface. In this case, the standard deviation of the pitch P of the first inclined surface 26A1 on one side of the reference line (the right or left side of the first reference line L1 in FIG. 4) may be 5 μm or less, and the standard deviation of the height H26 of the inclined surface 26A may be 1 μm or less. A decorative laminate 10 having such unit optical elements 13 can realize a three-dimensional design that has not been achieved before.

[0057] When ten or more reference-line-proximate inclined surfaces are lined up on one side of a reference line, the standard deviation of the pitch of the reference-line-proximate inclined surfaces on the one side of the reference line is the standard deviation of the pitch of the ten inclined surfaces closest to the reference line on the one side of the reference line in a cross section of the unit optical element 13 along the direction in which the plurality of inclined surfaces are lined up. When ten or more reference-line-proximate inclined surfaces are lined up on one side of a reference line, the standard deviation of the height of the reference-line-proximate inclined surfaces on the one side of the reference line is the standard deviation of the height of the ten inclined surfaces closest to the reference line on the one side of the reference line in a cross section of the unit optical element 13 along the direction in which the plurality of inclined surfaces are lined up.

[0058] In the example shown in FIG. 3, in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10, the uneven structure 25 has an inclined surface 26A that extends along at least a portion of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical elements 13. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the first inclined surface 26A1 extends along the outer contour 23a of the unit optical elements 13. This makes it possible to effectively highlight the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13. In the example shown in FIG. 3, a gap region 24 is formed between adjacent unit optical elements 13. This also makes it possible to effectively highlight the outer contour 23a of each unit optical element 13. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the multiple unit optical elements 13 have outer contours 23a that are regular hexagonal in plan view. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the multiple unit optical elements 13 form a honeycomb structure.

[0059] In the example shown in Fig. 4, the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned in a direction toward a first reference line L1 extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. The multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are inclined toward the first reference line L1. The position of the first reference line L1 when the decorative laminate 10 is viewed in a plan view is fixed to one point. In the example shown in Fig. 3, the first reference line L1, which serves as a reference for the inclination direction of the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 in each unit optical element 13, coincides with the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13.

[0060] In the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 3 and 4, a first region 234 extends across the entirety of one of the unit optical elements 13. In other words, the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 3 and 4 has the first region 234, but does not have a second region 235, which will be described later. In the example shown in Figures 3 and 4, the concavo-convex structure 25 in each unit optical element 13 has a Fresnel lens structure. The multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 and the multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1 formed in the first region 234 of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figures 3 and 4 form the Fresnel lens structure.

[0061] When a plurality of unit optical elements 13 are regularly arranged as shown in Figure 3, the geometric centers GC of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 in plan view may also be regularly arranged. In this embodiment, the geometric center GC of the unit optical element 13 is the geometric center of the shape of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 observed from the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In this embodiment, the distance between the geometric centers GC of adjacent unit optical elements 13 is substantially uniform. In the example shown in Figure 3, the geometric center GC of each unit optical element 13 coincides with the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13.

[0062] As described above, each unit optical element 13 in this embodiment has an optical axis Ax. When each unit optical element 13 has an optical axis Ax in this manner, the optical axes Ax of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 may be arranged regularly. In this case, the distance between the optical axes Ax of adjacent unit optical elements 13 is substantially uniform. In the example shown in FIG. 3 , the optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13 passes through the geometric center GC of each unit optical element 13 in a planar view. However, the position of the optical axis Ax of the unit optical element 13 is not limited to this. The optical axis Ax of each unit optical element 13 does not have to pass through the geometric center GC of the unit optical element 13 in a planar view.

[0063] In this embodiment, the decorative laminate 10 has gap regions 24 formed between a plurality of unit optical elements 13. In the illustrated example, the gap regions 24 are formed between adjacent unit optical elements 13. More specifically, one side 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 designated by reference numeral 131 and one side 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 designated by reference numeral 132 are adjacent to each other with the gap region 24 sandwiched between them. The gap region 24 is formed between the sides 23b of the outer contours 23a of the unit optical element 13 designated by reference numeral 131 and the unit optical element 13 designated by reference numeral 132.

[0064] 3, in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10, the shape of each inclined surface 26A is similar to the shape of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13. Each inclined surface 26A extends parallel to the outer contour 23a around the entire periphery of the outer contour 23a. This makes it possible to more effectively highlight the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13.

[0065] As an example, the concave-convex structure 25 in each unit optical element 13 is a linear Fresnel lens or has a structure in which linear Fresnel lenses are combined. In the example shown in Fig. 3, each inclined surface 26A in each unit optical element 13 includes a portion that extends linearly in parallel to one of the sides 23b of the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 between the optical axis Ax of the unit optical element 13 and the side 23b. This makes it possible to effectively highlight the outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13.

[0066] Each unit optical element 13 can be designed appropriately depending on the function required of the decorative laminate 10 or the design to be expressed by the decorative laminate 10. When the decorative member 3 is disposed facing the sensor 5, as in the illustrated example, the decorative laminate 10 is required to allow electromagnetic waves emitted from the sensor 5 to pass through the decorative member 3 with high transmittance. In this case, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate 10. The design to be expressed by the decorative laminate 10 may vary depending on the application of the decorative laminate 10. For example, when the decorative laminate 10 is used as an exterior material for a mobile object 1, it is preferable to suppress the generation of rainbow light on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. On the other hand, it may also be preferable to design the decorative laminate 10 so that rainbow light is generated on the front surface 11.

[0067] When reducing the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 while still achieving a three-dimensional effect greater than that of the decorative laminate 10, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.2 μm or more, more preferably 0.5 μm or more, and even more preferably 1 μm or more. Furthermore, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 50 μm or less, more preferably 25 μm or less, and even more preferably 10 μm or less. Therefore, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 may be 1 μm or more and 50 μm or less. Having a height H25 of 1 μm or more of the uneven structure 25 can further improve the visibility of the design displayed by optical action. In this specification, the "height H25 of the uneven structure" refers to the maximum value of the height (dimension in the Z direction Dz) H26 (see FIG. 4) of the inclined surface 26A or the connecting surface 26B forming the uneven structure.

[0068] In order to prevent rainbow light from occurring on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, the height H25 of the concave-convex structure 25 is preferably greater than 1.0 μm.

[0069] To suppress the occurrence of rainbow light on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 (also referred to as the pitch P of the inclined surfaces 26A) is preferably 7.5 μm or more, more preferably 12 μm or more, and even more preferably 15 μm or more. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of realizing a reduction in the size of the unit optical elements 13, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 100 μm or less, more preferably 50 μm or less, and even more preferably 20 μm or less. Therefore, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 7.5 μm or more and 100 μm or less.

[0070] On the other hand, when it is desired to generate rainbow light on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.1 μm or more, more preferably 0.5 μm or more. In this case, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 1.0 μm or less. Therefore, the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 1.0 μm or less.

[0071] If it is desired to generate rainbow light on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 is preferably less than 7.5 μm, more preferably 5 μm or less, and even more preferably 2 μm or less.

[0072] From the viewpoint of forming the concave-convex structure 25 with high precision, the height H25 of the concave-convex structure 25 is preferably 0.2 μm or more, more preferably 0.5 μm or more, and even more preferably 1.5 μm or more. From the same viewpoint, the pitch P of the concave-convex structure 25 is preferably 2 μm or more, more preferably 4 μm or more, and even more preferably 8 μm or more.

[0073] The pitch P of the concave-convex structure 25 may be equal to or different from one another. In the example shown in Fig. 3, the pitch P of the concave-convex structure 25 varies depending on the distance from the optical axis Ax of the concave-convex structure 25. Specifically, the pitch P decreases as the distance from the optical axis Ax increases. The height H25 of the concave-convex structure 25, the height H26 of the inclined surface 26A, and the pitch P can be measured by observing an image of a cross section of the decorative laminate 10 using a scanning electron microscope.

[0074] As described above, the concave-convex structure 25 of this embodiment is a Fresnel lens structure. The concave-convex structure 25 of this embodiment has a focal point. When the concave-convex structure 25 has a focal point, the focal length of the concave-convex structure 25 is preferably 0.5 mm or more and 350 mm or less. The focal length of the concave-convex structure 25 is more preferably 2 mm or more and 250 mm or less, and even more preferably 5 mm or more and 150 mm or less. This makes it possible to effectively express a three-dimensional effect that is greater than the thickness of the mold-imparting layer 20 in the region where the unit optical elements 13 of the mold-imparting layer 20 are provided. This makes it possible to realize a rich design expression with a luxurious feel.

[0075] The focal length of the concave-convex structure 25 of at least one of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 may be different from the focal lengths of the concave-convex structures 25 of the other unit optical elements 13. This allows the viewer to perceive the positions of the unit optical elements 13 in the Z direction Dz as different from one another. This makes it possible to realize a design expression with a three-dimensional effect that has not been seen before.

[0076] The rise angle θB (see FIG. 4 ) of the uneven structure 25 can be set as appropriate. The connection surface 26B may extend in the Z direction Dz parallel to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10, or may extend non-parallel to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In other words, the rise angle θB may be 0° or greater. Considering the need to easily shape the uneven structure 25 and to more firmly adhere the shaping surface 20a to other layers (in the illustrated example, the brightness adjustment layer 30), the rise angle θB is preferably 15° or greater, and more preferably 25° or greater. From the viewpoint of ensuring a sufficient area of ​​the inclined surface 26A to allow the uneven structure 25 to appropriately exhibit the lens effect (in other words, from the viewpoint of allowing the shaping layer 20 to display an appropriate sense of depth), the rise angle θB is preferably 55° or less, and more preferably 45° or less.

[0077] In the illustrated example, the material constituting the shape-imparting layer 20 is a mixture of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and urethane acrylate. Also, in the illustrated example, the material constituting the shape-imparting layer 20 contains silicone. Such a shape-imparting layer 20 can be formed by applying a liquid precursor material onto a substrate 72 (described below), shaping it using a shaping mold, and curing it by irradiating it with ultraviolet light. The precursor material for the shape-imparting layer 20 may be, for example, a UV-curable resin containing an acrylic resin and a (meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer. In this case, the acrylic resin may have a polymerizable unsaturated group. In this specification, the term (meth)acrylic refers to one or both of "acrylic" and "methacrylic." The mass ratio of the acrylic resin to the (meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer is preferably 35 / 65 or more and 95 / 5 or less, and more preferably 70 / 30 or more and 90 / 10 or less. In this case, the acrylic resin / (meth)acrylic polymerizable monomer or oligomer may have a polymerizable unsaturated group in the ultraviolet-curable resin. The shape-imparting layer 20 formed in this manner is flexible and extensible. Therefore, when the decorative laminate 10 is curved or stretched along the surface of the molding portion 65, the shape-imparting layer 20 can be curved or stretched as desired. In other words, there is little risk that the shape-imparting layer 20 will interfere with the curving or stretching of the decorative laminate 10.

[0078] In the illustrated example, the shape-imparting layer 20 is transparent so that the brightness adjustment layer 30 can be seen from the front surface 11. In the illustrated example, the concave-convex structures 25 of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 are molded integrally without any seams (see FIG. 4). In the example shown in FIG. 4, the concave-convex structures 25 of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 and the gap regions 24 located between the concave-convex structures 25 are molded integrally without any seams.

[0079] <Brightness Adjusting Layer> Next, we will explain the brightness adjusting layer 30. The brightness adjusting layer 30 is a layer that adjusts the brightness of light reflected by the decorative laminate 10. By adjusting the brightness of light reflected by the decorative laminate 10, it is possible to more effectively impart a rich design with a luxurious feel to the decorative laminate 10.

[0080] The brightness adjustment layer 30 is provided to adjust the reflectance of visible light measured on the front side 11 side of the decorative laminate 10. The brightness adjustment layer 30 is arranged on the shaping surface 20a side of the molding layer 20. This adjusts the reflectance of visible light at the reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the brightness adjustment layer 30, thereby adjusting the reflectance of visible light measured on the front side 11 side of the decorative laminate 10. The surface of the brightness adjustment layer 30 facing the molding layer 20 has unevenness corresponding to the shaping surface 20a. In other words, the brightness adjustment layer 30 has an uneven structure formed thereon that corresponds to the uneven structure 25 of the molding layer 20.

[0081] As an example, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a reflective layer 33. The reflective layer 33 covers the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20, thereby forming a reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the reflective layer 33. The reflective layer 33 improves the reflectivity of visible light at the reflective interface 27 between the shaping surface 20a and the reflective layer 33, thereby adjusting the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10. The reflective layer 33 can be formed by vapor deposition of a metal or inorganic material, or by coating of a metal or inorganic material. The reflective layer 33 may be a transparent vapor deposition layer. The reflective layer 33 is formed as a thin film-like layer. The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be thinner than the height H26 of the connecting surface 26B (the height H26A of the inclined surface 26A). The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be less than half the height H25 of the uneven structure 25, or may be less than 25% of the height H26 of the connecting surface 26B (height of the inclined surface 26A), or may be less than 10% of the height H26 of the connecting surface 26B (height of the inclined surface 26A). A reflective layer 33 of such a thickness does not fill the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a, but has unevenness corresponding to the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a on the side opposite to the side facing the shaping surface 20a. Although not shown, the reflective layer 33 may fill the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a. As an example, when the decorative laminate 10 includes a reflective layer 33 and the shaping layer 20 is transparent, the reflective interface 27 formed between the shaping surface 20a and the reflective layer 33 is visible from the front side 11.

[0082] In the example shown in FIG. 13A , the brightness adjustment layer 30 (reflective layer 33) has irregularities on the side opposite to the side facing the shaping surface 20a that correspond to the irregularities of the shaping surface 20a. The irregularities of the brightness adjustment layer 30 are filled with a bonding layer 35. The bonding layer 35 bonds (adhesion, adhesion, or heat fusion) other layers of the decorative laminate 10 to the molded portion 65. Although not shown, similar to the example of the colored layer 36 shown in FIG. 5 , the reflective layer 33 may be formed to fill the irregularities of the shaping surface 20a. In the example shown in FIG. 13A , the surface of the reflective layer 33 facing the bonding layer 35 has irregularities that correspond to the irregularities of the Fresnel lens surface 26. Therefore, the bonding layer 35 has irregularities that correspond to the irregularities of the Fresnel lens surface 26.

[0083] The material of the reflective layer 33 is preferably a material that improves the reflectivity of the reflective interface 27 formed by the reflective layer 33, and more preferably a material that is radio wave transparent. In this case, the material constituting the reflective layer 33 may be, for example, a metal material such as aluminum, indium, or tin, or zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO ２ In particular, when the decorative laminate 10 is joined to the molded portion 65 by insert molding, the material constituting the reflective layer 33 may be a metal material such as indium or tin, zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium oxide (TiO ２ ), zinc sulfide, aluminum oxide, etc. are preferred.

[0084] As described above, the electromagnetic waves used in the sensor 5 pass through the decorative laminate 10. When the reflective layer 33 is formed as a layer that extends continuously over the entire shaping surface 20a, the electromagnetic waves are blocked or attenuated. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 13B , the reflective layer 33 may include a plurality of metal particle portions 31. The metal particle portions 31 have a metallic luster and are capable of reflecting visible light. The reflective layer 33 forms islands in a so-called sea-island structure. The island-shaped metal particle portions 31 are spaced apart from one another. Gaps are provided between the plurality of metal particle portions 31, forming the sea of ​​the sea-island structure. The electromagnetic waves used in the sensor 5, such as millimeter waves, pass through the reflective layer 33 by passing through these gaps. Such a metal layer may be formed by sputtering or vacuum deposition, using, for example, an indium material. The reflective layer 33 may be seamlessly and integrally formed across a plurality of unit optical elements 13.

[0085] The thickness of the reflective layer 33 is preferably a thickness that can improve the reflectivity of the reflective interface 27 formed by the reflective layer 33. The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be, for example, 0.005 μm or more. Alternatively, the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 20 μm or less. Therefore, the thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 0.005 μm or more and 20 μm or less. The thicknesses of the reflective layer 33 and the other layers included in the decorative laminate 10 can also be measured by observing an image of a cross section of the decorative laminate 10 using a scanning electron microscope.

[0086] The decorative laminate 10 including the reflective layer 33 can be manufactured by a manufacturing method for the decorative laminate 10 including a step of forming the reflective layer 33 on the shaping surface 20 a of the shaping layer 20. In this case, in the step of forming the reflective layer 33, the reflective layer 33 is formed on the shaping surface 20 a by a film formation technique such as sputtering or vacuum deposition.

[0087] <Filling layer> The filling layer 40 is a planarizing layer that fills in the unevenness of the brightness adjustment layer 30. In the example shown in Fig. 4, the surface of the brightness adjustment layer 30 facing the filling layer 40 has unevenness that corresponds to the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a. In the example shown in Fig. 4, the filling layer 40 forms the back side surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0088] The filling layer 40 can be a transparent or opaque resin layer. The filling layer 40 may also serve as the bonding layer 35 described above. That is, in the decorative member 3, the unevenness of the brightness adjustment layer 30 may be filled with the bonding layer 35. In this case, a thermoplastic resin, a (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer, or the like can be used as a material for forming the bonding layer 35 (filling layer 40). The thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited, and examples that can be used include acrylic resin, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyamide resin, polyester resin, chlorinated polypropylene, chlorinated rubber, urethane resin, epoxy resin, and styrene resin. These resins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0089] The filling layer 40 may be a transparent or opaque resin layer. If the filling layer 40 is opaque, it can conceal at least a portion of the article or molded part 65 to which the decorative member 3 is applied. For example, in the example shown in Figure 2, the opaqueness of the filling layer 40 allows the decorative member 3 to conceal the sensor 5.

[0090] <Light Diffusion Layer> The light diffusion layer 90 is a layer that diffuses incident light. The light diffusion layer 90 diffuses light incident on the light diffusion layer 90. The light diffusion layer 90 diffuses light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The light diffusion layer 90 may diffuse light reflected at the reflective interface 27. The light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27. That is, the distance between the light diffusion layer 90 and the front surface 11 is smaller than the distance between the reflective interface 27 and the front surface 11. As an example, the light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the shape-imparting layer 20. That is, the distance between the light diffusion layer 90 and the front surface 11 is smaller than the distance between the shape-imparting layer 20 and the front surface 11. As shown in FIG. 4 , the light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27. In the example shown in Figure 4, light that enters the interior of the decorative laminate 10 from the front surface 11 is reflected at the reflective interface 27 and travels from the front surface 11 to the outside of the decorative laminate 10. At this time, the light diffusion layer 90 may diffuse the light that is reflected at the reflective interface 27 and travels from the front surface 11 to the outside of the decorative laminate 10. The light diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light, thereby reducing the gloss on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. Therefore, the light diffusion layer 90 can reduce the gloss that appears on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a matte texture with reduced gloss.

[0091] In the example shown in Fig. 4, the light diffusion layer 90 also serves as a hard coat layer 91 that protects the shape-imparting layer 20. As an example, the hard coat layer 91 has scratch resistance and the like. In this case, the light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) is provided so as to cover the non-shape-imparting surface 20b of the shape-imparting layer 20. The light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) can be formed from a resin composition such as a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, a UV-curable resin, or an EB-curable resin.

[0092] In the example shown in Fig. 4, the light diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. In the example shown in Fig. 4, the uneven surface 92 is the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 that forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. When the light diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92, light that enters the light diffusion layer 90 is diffused by being diffused by the uneven surface 92. In the example shown in Fig. 4, light that enters from the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is diffused by the uneven surface 92. Light reflected at the reflective interface 27 may be diffused by passing through the uneven surface 92.

[0093] The uneven surface 92 does not have a shape corresponding to the unit shaping element 23 described above. For example, the uneven surface 92 does not have a linear Fresnel lens or a structure combining linear Fresnel lenses. The uneven surface 92 does not have a circular Fresnel lens. The uneven surface 92 does not have a Fresnel lens structure. As an example, the uneven surface 92 does not have a shape in which multiple lens surfaces are inclined toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. As an example, the uneven surface 92 does not have a shape corresponding to the unit shaping element 23 having the above-mentioned multiple inclined surfaces 26A and multiple connecting surfaces 26B.

[0094] The irregularities formed on the irregular surface 92 may have an irregular shape. A light diffusion layer 90 having an irregular surface 92 with irregularly shaped irregularities formed thereon can be produced, for example, by the following method. First, a roughness layer containing a resin and particles dispersed in the resin is prepared, with irregularly shaped irregularities formed on the surface by some of the particles protruding from the resin. Next, a light diffusion layer 90 is formed on the roughness layer. This produces a light diffusion layer 90 having an irregular surface 92 on the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 that contacts the roughness layer, with irregularly shaped irregularities corresponding to the surface irregularities of the roughness layer. In this case, after producing the light diffusion layer 90 with the roughness surface 92, the roughness layer may be peeled off from the light diffusion layer 90. As an example, the roughness layer is the release layer 73 described below. A more specific example of a method for producing the light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4 will be described later.

[0095] The irregularities formed on the irregular surface 92 may be regular irregularities. In this case, the pitch of the regular irregularities formed on the irregular surface 92 may be smaller than the pitch P of the irregular structure 25 in the unit optical element 13. As an example, the pitch of the irregular surface 92 is smaller than 10 μm. The pitch of the irregular surface 92 may be 8 μm or less, 5 μm or less, or 3 μm or less. As an example, the regular irregularities formed on the irregular surface 92 have a plurality of protrusions. As an example, the plurality of protrusions protrude in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. In this case, the plurality of protrusions may have an inclined surface inclined with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. The plurality of protrusions may have the shape of a cone, a truncated cone, a pyramid, or a truncated pyramid.

[0096] As shown in Figure 4, when an uneven surface 92 forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, the uneven surface 92 may provide a tactile sensation to a person touching the decorative laminate 10. As an example, the uneven surface 92 provides a "smooth" tactile sensation with low friction to a person touching the decorative laminate 10. The "smooth" tactile sensation is a sensual expression, but in this specification, "smooth" encompasses all tactile sensations that are generally perceived as "smooth." Specifically, it refers to the tactile sensation felt when touching a smooth, dry surface with the pad of a finger.

[0097] As an example, the light diffusion layer 90 includes a resin. The light diffusion layer 90 may be made of a resin. A thermoplastic resin may be used as the resin contained in the light diffusion layer 90. A curable resin may also be used as the resin contained in the light diffusion layer 90. In this case, the resin contained in the light diffusion layer 90 may be a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin.

[0098] The thickness of the decorative laminate 10 having the above configuration may be 0.005 mm or more, 0.025 mm or more, 0.05 mm or more, 0.1 mm or more, or 0.15 mm or more. The thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may also be 2 mm or less, 1.0 mm or less, 1 mm or less, 0.75 mm or less, or 0.5 mm or less. Therefore, the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may be 0.005 mm or more and 2 mm or less. The thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may be 0.025 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, 0.05 mm or more and 1 mm or less, 0.1 mm or more and 0.75 mm or less, or 0.15 mm or more and 0.5 mm or less.

[0099] <<Function of the Decorative Laminate>> Next, the function of the decorative laminate 10 will be described. The decorative laminate 10 displays a design and imparts the design to an article or the like to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied. Incidentally, if the decorative laminate 10 can express a three-dimensional effect, a rich design expression accompanied by a sense of luxury becomes possible. The three-dimensional effect of the decorative laminate 10 can be expressed by forming a physical uneven structure. However, depending on the application of the decorative laminate 10, the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 may not be sufficiently large. On the other hand, many decorative members, such as those used in vehicle front grilles, may be required to be thin in order to reduce weight. The thickness of a decorative member intended to transmit electromagnetic waves such as millimeter waves is set according to the wavelength of the millimeter waves and is therefore subject to restrictions. In addition, it is preferable to reduce the thickness of the decorative laminate in order to improve the transmittance of electromagnetic waves.

[0100] In contrast, according to the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the decorative laminate 10 includes at least one unit optical element 13. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the optical function of the unit optical element 13. In this embodiment, the unit optical element 13 is configured to function as a convex mirror. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the range A1 reflected by the convex mirror M1 is wider than that of a specular reflective surface disposed at the same position as the convex mirror M1. That is, the range A1 reflected by the convex mirror M1 is the same as the range A1 reflected by the specular reflective surface M3 disposed farther away from the observer in the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. As a result, an observer observing the reflection at the above-mentioned reflective interface perceives the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13 functioning as the convex mirror M1 as being located deeper than the actual position of the reflective interface 27. That is, the unit optical element 13 can display a design with a sense of depth greater than the actual thickness of the mold layer 20. In this way, the unit optical element 13 can display a design with a sense of depth greater than the thickness of the shape-imparting layer 20. Therefore, while making the thickness of the shape-imparting layer 20 thin, it is possible to express a three-dimensional effect greater than the thickness of the shape-imparting layer 20. This allows for the realization of a rich design expression accompanied by a sense of luxury.

[0101] <Specular Gloss> Taking into consideration the above-described function of the decorative laminate 10, a preferred numerical range for the specular gloss of the decorative laminate 10 will be further described. The specular gloss at an incident angle of 85° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 will be referred to as G(85). The specular gloss at an incident angle of 20° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 will be referred to as G(20). The specular gloss at an incident angle of 60° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 will be referred to as G(60). In this case, the ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) to the specular gloss G(20), is 2 or more and 30 or less.

[0102] The measurement methods for specular gloss G(85) and specular gloss G(20) are described below. Specular gloss G(85) is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the angle of incidence is set to 85°. Specular gloss G(20) is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the angle of incidence is set to 20°. Specular gloss G(60) is a value measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the angle of incidence is set to 60°. The measurement environment for measuring specular gloss is a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 5%. The sample to be measured is placed in the measurement environment for 16 hours before starting the measurement. Before measuring the specular gloss, the light source of the measuring device is turned on for 15 minutes to stabilize the light source output.

[0103] When measuring specular gloss, black tape is attached to the back surface of the sample to be measured, opposite the incident surface, before the measurement is performed.

[0104] The effect of the ratio G(85) / G(20) being in the above-mentioned range will be described. First, the effect of the ratio G(85) / G(20) being 2 or greater will be described. It is sometimes desired that the decorative laminate 10 express a design with a three-dimensional effect. On the other hand, it is sometimes desired that the decorative laminate 10 express a matte texture with reduced gloss. The inventors conducted extensive research in consideration of the above-mentioned problems and completed the invention related to the decorative laminate 10 of the present disclosure. The decorative laminate 10 of the present disclosure includes unit optical elements 13 as shown in FIG. 4. In the unit optical elements 13, the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 forms a reflective interface 27 at which light is reflected. As a result, the unit optical elements 13 provide at least one optical effect selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction of incident light. Such unit optical elements 13 can allow the decorative laminate 10 to express a design with a sense of depth and a three-dimensional effect. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4 , the decorative laminate 10 of the present disclosure includes a light diffusion layer 90 located closer to the front surface 11 than the shape-imparting layer 20. The light diffusion layer 90 is located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27. The light diffusion layer 90 diffuses incident light. This reduces the gloss on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, allowing the decorative laminate 10 to express a matte texture with reduced gloss. According to the decorative laminate 10 of the present disclosure, a three-dimensional effect is expressed by the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13, and the light diffusion layer 90 located closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27 can reduce the gloss on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. In other words, according to the decorative laminate 10 of the present disclosure, it is possible to both express a matte texture on the front surface 11 and express a three-dimensional effect at a position deeper than the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0105] In order to explain the effect of a ratio G(85) / G(20) of 2 or more, consider the decorative laminates shown in Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C as a comparative example. In Figures 7A, 7B, and 7C, parts that can be configured similarly to the decorative laminate 10 according to the present embodiment described above are designated by the same reference numerals as those used for the corresponding parts in the decorative laminate 10 according to the present embodiment.

[0106] The decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4 , except for the points described below. The reflective interface 27 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A is a flat surface. Therefore, the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A does not have unit optical elements 13. The hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A does not have an uneven surface. Therefore, the hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A does not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light. The decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7B has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4 , except for the points described below. The reflective interface 27 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7B is a flat surface. Therefore, the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7B does not have unit optical elements 13. The decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7C has the same characteristics as the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 4 , except for the points described below. The hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7C does not have an uneven surface. Therefore, the hard coat layer 91 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7C does not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light.

[0107] Now, consider the case where light of a certain intensity is incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate. In this case, the intensity of the light that passes through the front surface 11 and heads toward the reflective interface 27 is greater when the light is incident at an incident angle of 20° than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. On the other hand, the intensity of the light that is specularly reflected at the front surface 11 is smaller when the light is incident at an incident angle of 20° than when the light is incident at an incident angle of 85°.

[0108] Furthermore, consider the case where light of a certain intensity is incident on each of the front surfaces 11 of the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7A and the decorative laminate shown in FIG. 7B. In this case, the intensity of the specularly reflected light is lower in FIG. 7B than in FIG. 7A because the light incident on the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13 is subjected to at least one optical action selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction. This reduces the specular gloss in FIG. 7B than in FIG. 7A. Here, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the intensity of light passing through the front surface 11 and toward the reflective interface 27 is greater than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. Therefore, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the effect of reducing the specular gloss due to the reflective interface 27 of the unit optical element 13 is greater than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. That is, when comparing the difference in specular gloss between a decorative laminate including unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figure 7B and a decorative laminate not including unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figure 7A, the difference in specular gloss G(20) between Figure 7B and Figure 7A is greater than the difference in specular gloss G(85) between Figure 7B and Figure 7A. Therefore, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate including unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figure 7B than in a decorative laminate not including unit optical elements 13 as shown in Figure 7A. By the same logic, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate including unit optical elements 13 with a strong effect than in a decorative laminate including unit optical elements 13 with a weak effect.

[0109] Next, consider the case where light of a constant intensity is incident on the front surface 11 of each of the decorative laminates shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7C . In this case, the intensity of specularly reflected light is lower in FIG. 7C than in FIG. 7A due to the amount of light diffused in the light diffusion layer 90. This results in a lower specular gloss in FIG. 7C than in FIG. 7A . Here, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the intensity of light that passes through the front surface 11 and the light diffusion layer 90 and proceeds toward the reflective interface 27 is higher than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. On the other hand, when light is incident at an incident angle of 20°, the intensity of light reflected by the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 without passing through the light diffusion layer 90 is lower than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. Light passing through the front surface 11 and the light diffusing layer 90 toward the reflective interface 27 passes through the light diffusing layer 90 twice: once passing through the front surface 11 toward the reflective interface 27 and once being reflected at the reflective interface 27 toward the front surface 11. As a result, the light is diffused twice by the light diffusing layer 90. For this reason, the effect of reducing the specular gloss by the light diffusing layer 90 is greater when light is incident at an incident angle of 20° than when light is incident at an incident angle of 85°. That is, when comparing the difference in specular gloss between a decorative laminate including a light diffusing layer 90 as shown in FIG. 7C and a decorative laminate without a light diffusing layer 90 as shown in FIG. 7A, the difference in specular gloss G(20) between FIG. 7C and FIG. 7A is greater than the difference in specular gloss G(85) between FIG. 7C and FIG. 7A. Therefore, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate having a light diffusing layer 90 as shown in Fig. 7C than in a decorative laminate having no light diffusing layer 90 as shown in Fig. 7A. By the same logic, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater in a decorative laminate having a light diffusing layer 90 with a strong effect than in a decorative laminate having a light diffusing layer 90 with a weak effect.

[0110] From the above, the ratio G(85) / G(20) is small in all cases where the decorative laminate does not include unit optical elements 13, where the function of the unit optical elements 13 included in the decorative laminate is weak, where the decorative laminate does not include a light diffusing layer 90, and where the function of the light diffusing layer 90 included in the decorative laminate is weak. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of achieving both a matte texture on the front surface 11 and a three-dimensional effect at a position deeper than the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, it is preferable that the functions of the unit optical elements 13 and the light diffusing layer 90 are both strong to a certain extent.

[0111] Based on the above findings, the inventors conducted further research and found that if the ratio G(85) / G(20) is 2 or greater, it is possible to strengthen both the action of the unit optical elements 13 and the action of the light diffusion layer 90. From the above, by setting the ratio G(85) / G(20) to 2 or greater, it is possible to strengthen the action of the unit optical elements 13 and the action of the light diffusion layer 90, thereby achieving both the expression of a matte texture and the expression of a three-dimensional effect.

[0112] In particular, when the reflective layer 33 that is an aluminum vapor deposition film is used as the brightness adjustment layer 30, the effect of reflecting light at the reflective interface 27 can be particularly enhanced, but it is also expected that it will be difficult to express a matte texture. If the ratio G(85) / G(20) is 2 or more, even when the reflective layer 33 that is an aluminum vapor deposition film is used as the brightness adjustment layer 30, it is possible to achieve both a matte texture and a three-dimensional effect.

[0113] Next, the effect of the ratio G(85) / G(20) being 30 or less will be described. If the ratio G(85) / G(20) is greater than 30, it is assumed that G(20) is particularly small due to the weak light-reflecting effect of the reflective interface 27 toward the front surface 11. As an example, it is assumed that G(20) is particularly small due to the weak light-reflecting effect of the material forming the reflective interface 27. By specifying that the ratio G(85) / G(20) is 30 or less, the above-mentioned case in which G(20) is particularly small due to the weak light-reflecting effect of the reflective interface 27 is excluded. Therefore, the strength of the light-reflecting effect of the reflective interface 27 can be sufficiently ensured. This can stably produce the effect of the reflective interface 27 in the unit optical element 13, which is to create a sense of depth and a three-dimensional design.

[0114] From the above, when the ratio G(85) / G(20) is equal to or greater than 2 and equal to or less than 30, it is possible to sufficiently strengthen the action of the unit optical elements 13 and the action of the light diffusion layer 90, thereby achieving both a matte texture and a three-dimensional effect. From the viewpoint of more stably achieving both a matte texture and a three-dimensional effect, the ratio G(85) / G(20) may be greater than 3 and equal to or less than 30.

[0115] As an example, the specular gloss G(60) at an incident angle of 60° on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is 70 or less. The specular gloss G(60) may be 60 or less. As described above, the decorative laminate 10 having an upper limit value for the specular gloss G(60) can more stably express a matte texture with reduced gloss.

[0116] <Total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ )> Taking into consideration the above-described function of the decorative laminate 10, the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ The preferred range of the total light reflectance (R ) measured from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009 will be described. ＳＣＩ ) is preferably 10% or more.

[0117] Here, the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ The total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ ) is the reflectance Y value (Y of tristimulus values ​​XYZ) measured by the SCI method using a spectrophotometer in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009. ＳＣＩ The total light reflectance (R) is measured using a spectrophotometer (model CM-700d) manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc. During the measurement, the measurement conditions, observation conditions, and measurement diameter / illumination diameter are set as follows. ＳＣＩ ) is measured by pressing a spectrophotometer perpendicularly against the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 placed on a flat table. The measurement wavelength range of this spectrophotometer is 400 nm to 700 nm, and the measurement wavelength interval is 10 nm. <Measurement conditions> Mode (specular reflection light processing mode): I+E (SCI+SCE) <Observation conditions> Color system: Yxy Viewing angle: 10° field of view Main light source: D65 <Measurement diameter / illumination diameter> Set to either Φ3 mm / Φ6 mm or Φ8 mm / Φ11 mm by changing the target mask and switching the lens position.

[0118] The measurement diameter / illumination diameter is selected according to the dimensions of the unit optical element 13. Here, the illumination diameter is the diameter of the irradiation area of ​​the spectrophotometer, and the measurement diameter is the diameter of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer (see FIG. 8).

[0119] In the illustrated example, when the center of the measurement area C is aligned with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13, the measurement diameter / illumination diameter is selected so that at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 falls within the measurement area C, and the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ) is set. The smallest measurement diameter is selected from the selectable measurement diameters. For example, if at least 40% of the unit optical elements 13 fit within an imaginary circle with a diameter of 3 mm, then at least 40% of the unit optical elements 13 will fit within the measurement region C regardless of whether the measurement diameter / illumination diameter is Φ3 mm / Φ6 mm or Φ8 mm / Φ11 mm, but the measurement diameter / illumination diameter is set to Φ3 mm / Φ6 mm. Furthermore, if at least 40% of the unit optical elements 13 fit within an imaginary circle with a diameter of 8 mm but do not fit within an imaginary circle with a diameter of 3 mm, the measurement diameter / illumination diameter is set to Φ8 mm / Φ11 mm.

[0120] Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the position of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer relative to the unit optical element 13 is determined so that the center of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer coincides with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13 in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10, and the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ ) is measured.

[0121] The total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ In the decorative laminate 10 in which the ratio of the reflecting surface 27 to the reflecting surface 27 of the unit optical elements 13 is 10% or more, it is considered that the effect of reflecting light toward the front surface 11 of the unit optical elements 13 is sufficiently strong. Therefore, the effect of the reflecting surface 27 of the unit optical elements 13, which gives a sense of depth and creates a three-dimensional design, can be more stably produced.

[0122] <<Transfer Sheet>> Figure 9 shows a transfer sheet 70 used to transfer the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 4 to the molded part 65. The transfer sheet 70 includes the decorative laminate 10 described above and a substrate 72 laminated on the front surface 11 side of the decorative laminate 10. In this embodiment, the substrate 72 is a transfer substrate that is peeled off from the decorative laminate 10 when the decorative laminate 10 is transferred to the molded part 65.

[0123] 9, the substrate 72 is a flat plate. As the substrate 72, for example, a polyester resin film, a polyolefin resin film, or the like, which is used as the substrate of a general transfer sheet, can be used.

[0124] The transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 9 includes a release layer 73. The release layer 73 is formed on the surface of the substrate 72 facing the decorative laminate 10. The release layer 73 has releasability that facilitates peeling of the substrate 72 from the decorative laminate 10. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the release layer 73 has a first surface 73a and a second surface 73b located opposite the first surface 73a. The release layer 73 contacts the substrate 72 at the first surface 73a. The second surface 73b of the release layer 73 faces the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The release layer 73 contacts the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 at the second surface 73b. In the example shown in FIG. 9, a light diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The release layer 73 contacts the light diffusion layer 90 at the second surface 73b.

[0125] In the example shown in FIG. 9 , the second surface 73b of the release layer 73 has irregularities corresponding to the irregular surface 92 of the light diffusion layer 90. In the example shown in FIG. 9 , the release layer 73 includes a resin 74 and particles 75 dispersed in the resin 74. Some of the particles 75 protrude from the resin 74, forming irregular irregularities on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73. A thermoplastic resin can be used as the material forming the resin 74 of the release layer 73. A curable resin can also be used as the material forming the resin 74. In this case, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin can also be used as the material forming the resin 74. More specifically, the resin 74 can be a thermoplastic resin such as an acrylic resin, a vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resin, a polyurethane resin, a polyolefin resin, a polyester resin, an epoxy resin, or a silicone resin, or a thermosetting resin combining one of these thermoplastic resins with a curing agent. The particles 75 can include an organic material or an inorganic material. When the particles 75 contain an organic material, the particles 75 may be acrylic beads. Although not shown, when the second surface 73b of the release layer 73 does not have an uneven surface, the release layer 73 does not need to contain the particles 75. In this case, the release layer 73 may be made of the resin 74.

[0126] The transfer sheet 70 has a first surface 70a and a second surface 70b located opposite the first surface 70a. The distance between the first surface 70a and the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is smaller than the distance between the first surface 70a and the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10. The distance between the second surface 70b and the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10 is smaller than the distance between the second surface 70b and the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. In this embodiment, a substrate 72 serving as a transfer substrate forms either the first surface 70a or the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the substrate 72 serving as a transfer substrate forms the first surface 70a of the transfer sheet 70. In the example shown in FIG. 9, the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10 forms the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70.

[0127] <<Method of Manufacturing Decorative Member>> Next, with reference to Figures 10 to 14, an example of a method of manufacturing the decorative member 3 according to this embodiment (i.e., the decorative member 3 shown in Figure 2) will be described. The methods of manufacturing the decorative member 3 and the shaping mold for the shaping layer 20 according to this embodiment are not limited to the methods of manufacturing the decorative member and the shaping mold for the shaping layer, which will be described later. In this embodiment, as an example, a method of manufacturing the decorative member 3 will be described in which the material of the light diffusion layer 90 and the shaping layer 20 is an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin. Figures 10 to 14 are cross-sectional views showing a method of manufacturing a transfer sheet 70 (i.e., the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figure 9) for transferring the decorative laminate 10 to the molding portion 65.

[0128] First, as shown in Fig. 10, a flat substrate 72 is prepared, one surface of which is formed with a release layer 73. A second surface 73b of the release layer 73 is formed with irregularities.

[0129] 11 , a layer 93 of a precursor material for the light diffusion layer 90 described above is formed on the release layer 73. The surface of the layer 93 that comes into contact with the release layer 73 is formed with irregularities corresponding to the shape of the irregularities formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73. As a result, the light diffusion layer 90 having an irregular surface 92 is formed from the layer 93.

[0130] Next, as shown in Figure 12, a layer 29 of the precursor material of the above-mentioned shape-imparting layer 20 is formed on the light diffusion layer 90. Next, as shown in Figure 12, a shape-imparting mold 100 is pressed against the layer 29 to form a shape. The shape-imparting mold 100 has concaves and convexes corresponding to the concave-convex structure 25. Next, ultraviolet light is irradiated onto the layer 29 to harden the layer 29. This produces a shape-imparting layer 20 having the concave-convex structure 25 formed on the shape-imparting surface 20a. Thereafter, the shape-imparting mold 100 is removed from the shape-imparting layer 20. The shape-imparting mold 100 may be removed from the layer 29 before irradiating the layer 29 with ultraviolet light.

[0131] The unevenness of the shaping mold 100 is determined so that the rise angle θB of the connecting surface 26B of the uneven structure 25 is not 0° but is 15° or more. This makes it easy to form unevenness in the layer 29 that reflects the unevenness of the shaping mold 100 with high precision when shaping the layer 29 with the shaping mold 100. In other words, it is easy to form an uneven structure 25 in the shaping layer 20 that corresponds to the unevenness of the shaping mold 100. Furthermore, because the rise angle θB of the connecting surface 26B of the uneven structure 25 is 15° or more, it is easy to remove the shaping layer 20 or layer 29 from the shaping mold 100.

[0132] Next, as shown in FIG. 13 , a brightness adjustment layer 30 is formed so as to cover the shape-imparting surface 20 a of the shape-imparting layer 20. As an example, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is formed by depositing or coating a metal or inorganic material on the shape-imparting surface 20 a. In the example shown in FIG. 13 , a reflective layer 33 is formed as the brightness adjustment layer 30. After forming the reflective layer 33 as the brightness adjustment layer 30, a bonding layer 35 (filling layer 40) is formed on the brightness adjustment layer 30. This produces the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 9 .

[0133] Next, the transfer sheet 70 is placed in a mold for forming the molded portion 65. Next, molten resin is introduced between the back surface 12 (i.e., the bonding layer 35) of the decorative laminate 10 and the inner surface of the mold, and the resin is solidified in the mold. As a result, the molded portion 65 bonded to the transfer sheet 70 is formed in the mold. Thereafter, the substrate 72 is peeled from the decorative laminate 10. This completes the decorative member 3 (see FIG. 2) in which the decorative laminate 10 is transferred to the molded portion 65. This method of forming the decorative member 3 is known as in-mold molding. In this embodiment, the substrate 72 and the release layer 73 are peeled from the decorative laminate 10. As a result, an uneven surface 92 is formed on the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 that forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, as shown in FIG. 4.

[0134] In this embodiment, the substrate 72, which is the transfer substrate, forms either the first surface 70a or the second surface 70b of the transfer sheet 70. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to be transferred by attaching the transfer sheet 70 to the molded portion 65 or the like on the side of the first surface 70a or the second surface 70b that is not formed by the substrate 72, and then peeling off the substrate 72. In other words, the decorative laminate 10 can be transferred in one go without having to perform the operation of attaching the laminate to the molded portion 65 or the like and then peeling off the substrate multiple times.

[0135] <<Method for Manufacturing a Shaping Mold for a Shape-Imparting Layer>> Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the shaping mold 100 for forming the concave-convex structure 25 in the shape-imparting layer 20 will be described.

[0136] First, a method for producing a matrix 110 for forming the shaping mold 100 will be described with reference to Figures 14A to 14C. First, as shown in Figure 14A, a matrix-forming member 111 is prepared. The matrix-forming member 111 includes a flat substrate 112 such as a glass plate, and a photosensitive material layer 113 that covers one surface of the substrate 112. In the illustrated example, the photosensitive material layer 113 is formed using a positive resist.

[0137] Next, as shown in FIG. 14B , laser light R is irradiated onto the photosensitive material layer 113. At this time, the irradiation position of the laser light R on the master mold forming member 111 is moved while the laser light is irradiated onto the entire area of ​​the photosensitive material layer 113. The intensity of the laser light R is controlled in multiple gradations of three or more tones. The intensity of the laser light R is controlled based on data representing the concave-convex structure 25. This data includes information regarding the concave-convex pattern to be formed on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20. This concave-convex pattern is a concave-convex pattern of an area including a plurality of unit shaping elements 23 of the shaping layer 20 (and therefore including the gap areas 24 between these unit shaping elements 23). This concave-convex pattern also represents the height (depth) of the concave-convex to be formed on the shaping surface 20a, relative to the non-shaping surface 20b, in multiple stages of three or more. Using such data, the intensity of the laser light R is controlled in multiple gradations of three or more tones. The laser light R is irradiated at each position on the photosensitive layer 113 with an intensity that reflects the uneven pattern. As a result, the exposure amount of the laser light R at each position on the photosensitive layer 113 reflects the uneven pattern.

[0138] 14C , the photosensitive layer 113 is developed to remove a portion of the photosensitive layer 113. As described above, the exposure amount of the laser light R at each position on the photosensitive layer 113 reflects the above-described uneven pattern, and therefore, after development, unevenness reflecting the above-described uneven pattern is formed on the photosensitive layer 113. In this way, a master mold 110 having unevenness reflecting the above-described uneven pattern is produced.

[0139] In this way, the matrix 110 having concaves and convexes corresponding to the plurality of concave-convex structures 25 of the plurality of unit shaping elements 23 is formed integrally and seamlessly. This reduces the risk of unintended concaves and convexes being formed on the matrix 110. Furthermore, by adjusting the exposure amount of the laser light R on the photosensitive material layer 113 in multiple gradations, it is possible to form concaves and convexes corresponding to the concave-convex pattern on the matrix 110 with high precision.

[0140] Next, a method for producing the shaping mold 100 will be described with reference to Figures 15 and 16. First, as shown in Figure 15, a metal layer 115 is formed on the uneven surface 110a of the matrix 110. The metal layer 115 may be formed of nickel or the like by electroforming, for example. The metal layer 115 has unevenness that reflects the unevenness of the matrix 110 (and therefore reflects the above-mentioned uneven pattern).

[0141] 16, the metal layer 115 is separated from the matrix 110. The metal layer 115 may be separated from the matrix 110, for example, by dissolving and removing the photosensitive material layer 113 of the matrix 110 with a solvent. The metal layer 115 separated from the matrix 110 is used as the shaping mold 100. A large shaping mold may also be produced by combining a plurality of shaping molds 100 produced in this manner.

[0142] 17, by using the shaping mold 100 produced in this manner, a plurality of unit shaping elements 23 can be shaped in the shaping layer 20 at once in the intended arrangement pattern. At the same time, the gap regions 24 between the plurality of unit shaping elements 23 can also be shaped. Therefore, a plurality of unit shaping elements 23 can be formed in the shaping layer 20 with high precision in the intended planar shape and arrangement pattern.

[0143] Furthermore, the shaping mold 100 produced in this manner has a higher degree of freedom in designing the concave-convex structure 25 compared to a shaping mold produced using a master mold produced by conventional cutting processing. Specifically, the shapes of the inclined surface 26A and the connecting surface 26B can be set more freely compared to conventional methods.

[0144] <<<Modifications>>> Next, various modifications of this embodiment will be described with reference to Figures 18 to 50. In Figures 18 to 50, the same parts as those in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 17 are designated by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted.

[0145] <Modification 1: Modification of Light Diffusion Layer> In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which the light diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. However, the configuration of the light diffusion layer 90 is not limited to this. FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view showing a decorative laminate 10 including a light diffusion layer 90 according to Modification 1. In the example shown in FIG. 18, the light diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96 dispersed in the binder resin 95. In this case, light can be isotropically diffused by utilizing the difference in refractive index between the binder resin 95 and the light diffusion material 96 or by utilizing the reflectivity of the light diffusion material 96. This allows the light diffusion layer 90 of Modification 1 to diffuse incident light.

[0146] The binder resin 95 contained in the light diffusion layer 90 of Modification 1 can be a known material such as a chlorine-based resin, a urethane resin, an acrylic urethane resin, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, a polyamide resin, a butyral resin, a polystyrene resin, a nitrocellulose resin (nitrocellulose), a cellulose acetate resin, etc. The binder resin 95 may be the same material as the material forming the resin 74 of the release layer 73 in the above-described embodiment.

[0147] The light diffusing material 96 contained in the light diffusing layer 90 of Modification 1 may be appropriately selected depending on the light diffusing properties required of the light diffusing layer 90, etc. Examples of the light diffusing material 96 include organic particles such as plastic beads, and inorganic particles such as silica. Examples of plastic beads include melamine beads, acrylic beads, acrylic-styrene beads, polycarbonate beads, polyethylene beads, polystyrene beads, and vinyl chloride beads, with acrylic beads being preferred. Particles similar to the particles 75 in the above-described embodiment may also be used as the light diffusing material 96. In the example shown in FIG. 18 , the light diffusing material 96 is a particle. Although not shown, the light diffusing material 96 may also be air bubbles.

[0148] In the example shown in Fig. 18 , the light diffusion layer 90 also forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. In the example shown in Fig. 18 , the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 that forms the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 is flat. In the example shown in Fig. 18 , the light diffusion layer 90 also serves as a hard coat layer 91 that protects the shape-imparting layer 20. The light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) is provided so as to cover the non-shape-imparting surface 20b of the shape-imparting layer 20.

[0149] As shown in Figure 18, a light diffusion layer 90 containing a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96 can also diffuse incident light, allowing the decorative laminate 10 to express a matte texture with reduced gloss.

[0150] 19 shows a transfer sheet 70 used to transfer the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 1 to the molded portion 65. The transfer sheet 70 includes the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 1 and a substrate 72. The substrate 72 is a transfer substrate that is peeled off from the decorative laminate 10 when the decorative laminate 10 is transferred to the molded portion 65.

[0151] The transfer sheet 70 is configured to facilitate peeling of the substrate 72 from the decorative laminate 10. For example, although not shown, the decorative laminate 10 may further include a release layer. When the decorative laminate 10 includes a release layer, the release layer may form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. As an example, a release layer may be provided on the side of the light diffusion layer 90 shown in FIG. 18 opposite the surface that contacts the shape-imparting layer 20. In this case, the substrate 72 may contact the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 formed by the release layer. The release layer has releasability that facilitates peeling of the decorative laminate 10 from the substrate 72 or the release layer 73. Examples of materials that can be used to form the release layer include thermoplastic resins such as acrylic resins, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate resins, polyurethane resins, polyolefin resins, polyester resins, epoxy resins, and silicone resins, as well as thermosetting resins, ultraviolet-curing resins, and electron beam-curing resins that combine these thermoplastic resins with a curing agent.

[0152] Although not shown, the transfer sheet 70 may also have a release layer. The release layer of the transfer sheet 70 of the first modification may be the same as the release layer 73 described above, or may be the same as the release layer 73 described above except that it does not contain particles 75.

[0153] The layer configuration of the transfer sheet 70 is not particularly limited as long as it is configured to facilitate peeling of the substrate 72 from the decorative laminate 10. The transfer sheet 70 does not have to include a peeling layer. The transfer sheet 70 does not have to include a release layer. In the transfer sheet 70, the light diffusion layer 90 may form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The substrate 72 may be in contact with the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 formed by the light diffusion layer 90.

[0154] The decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 18 and the transfer sheet 70 shown in Fig. 19 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, a flat substrate 72 is prepared, with a light diffusion layer 90 formed on one surface. At this time, the light diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96 in the form of particles, so that an uneven surface 94 is formed on the surface of the light diffusion layer 90 opposite the surface in contact with the substrate 72.

[0155] Next, the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 are formed in this order on the light diffusion layer 90. The method of forming the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the release layer 73 in the above-described embodiment can be applied as a method of forming the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the light diffusion layer 90. In this way, the transfer sheet 70 shown in FIG. 19 can be manufactured, which includes the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 18.

[0156] When the shape-imparting layer 20 is formed on the light-diffusing layer 90, the surface of the shape-imparting layer 20 that comes into contact with the light-diffusing layer 90 is formed with irregularities according to the shape of the irregular surface 94 of the light-diffusing layer 90. Light incident on the light-diffusing layer 90 may be diffused by diffuse reflection at the interface where the shape-imparting layer 20 comes into contact with the irregular surface 94 of the light-diffusing layer 90. Although not shown, the interface where the shape-imparting layer 20 comes into contact with the surface of the light-diffusing layer 90 may be flat.

[0157] <Modification 2: Modification of Decorative Laminate> The decorative laminate 10 may include a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located closer to the back surface 12 than the brightness adjustment layer 30 and in contact with the brightness adjustment layer 30. FIG. 20 is a diagram showing an example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 2. The light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 20 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing another example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 2, different from that shown in FIG. 20. The light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 21 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusing material 96. In the examples shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 , the shape-imparting surface 20 a of the shape-imparting layer 20 faces the back surface 12. In the example shown in FIGS. 20 and 21, the decorative laminate 10 includes a second brightness adjustment layer 51 that is located closer to the rear surface 12 than the brightness adjustment layer 30 and that contacts the brightness adjustment layer 30 .

[0158] The second brightness adjustment layer 51 forms a second reflective interface 51a that reflects light. The second reflective interface 51a is directed toward the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. As a result, the second reflective interface 51a reflects light that is incident from the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0159] 20 and 21 , the second luminance adjustment layer 51 is located between the bonding layer 35 and the luminance adjustment layer 30. In the example shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 , the second luminance adjustment layer 51 also functions as a planarizing layer that fills in the unevenness of the luminance adjustment layer 30. In this case, the decorative laminate 10 does not need to have the filling layer 40. The bonding layer 35 does not need to double as the filling layer 40. In the example shown in FIGS. 20 and 21 , the surface of the second luminance adjustment layer 51 that comes into contact with the bonding layer 35 is flat. As a result, the surface of the bonding layer 35 that comes into contact with the second luminance adjustment layer 51 is flat.

[0160] The function of the second brightness adjustment layer 51 will now be described. Depending on the material of the brightness adjustment layer 30 (the reflective layer 33 in the example shown in Figures 20 and 21), some of the light incident on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 may proceed toward the back surface 12 without being reflected at the reflective interface 27. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 can reflect the light that proceeds toward the back surface 12 without being reflected at the reflective interface 27. This allows the light that proceeds toward the back surface 12 without being reflected at the reflective interface 27 to be used for design expression. The design expression can also be adjusted by adjusting the material of the second brightness adjustment layer 51. For example, it is possible to create an impression like a metal surface, i.e., a metallic feel.

[0161] The second brightness adjustment layer 51 is, for example, a resin layer on which aluminum flakes are arranged. In this case, the surface of the resin layer on which the aluminum flakes are arranged serves as the second reflective interface 51a. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 may be a resin layer in which a pearl pigment is dispersed. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 may be a resin layer on which ink is applied. In this case, the surface of the resin layer on which ink is applied serves as the second reflective interface 51a. The color of the ink applied to the surface of the resin layer is, for example, silver. In these cases, a thermoplastic resin can be used as the material for the resin layer included in the second brightness adjustment layer 51. A curable resin can also be used as the material for the resin layer. In this case, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin can also be used as the material for the resin layer.

[0162] <Modification 3: Modification of Decorative Laminate> The decorative laminate 10 may include a color-imparting layer 52 located between the front surface 11 and the reflective interface 27. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing an example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 3. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing another example of the transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 3, different from that shown in FIG. 22. The light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 22 and 23 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. FIG. 24 is a diagram showing another example of the transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 3, different from that shown in FIGS. 22 and 23. FIG. 25 is a diagram showing another example of the transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 3, different from that shown in FIGS. 22 to 24. The light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 24 and 25 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusing material 96.

[0163] In the examples shown in Figures 22 to 25, the color-imparting layer 52 is located between the front surface 11 and the shape-imparting layer 20. The color-imparting layer 52 is configured to easily transmit a portion of incident light and to impede the transmission of other portions. More specifically, the color-imparting layer 52 is configured to easily transmit light of a specific wavelength and to impede the transmission of light other than the specific wavelength. This imparts a color to light that passes through the color-imparting layer 52. The transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 is, for example, 30% or more. Here, the transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 refers to the total light transmittance measured using a haze meter ("HM-150N" manufactured by Murakami Color Research Laboratory, Inc., compliant with JIS K7361:1997). The total light transmittance of the color-imparting layer 52 may be 50% or more, or may be 80% or more.

[0164] The function of the color-imparting layer 52 will now be described. The color-imparting layer 52 can impart color to light that has entered the decorative laminate 10 and travels from the front surface 11 toward the reflective interface 27, and to light that has been reflected at the reflective interface 27 and travels toward the front surface 11. This allows for richer design expression.

[0165] The color-imparting layer 52 is, for example, a resin layer in which at least one of a pigment and a dye is dispersed. In this case, a thermoplastic resin can be used as the material of the resin layer included in the color-imparting layer 52. A curable resin may also be used as the material of the resin layer. In this case, a thermosetting resin, an electron beam (EB) curable resin, or an ultraviolet (UV) curable resin may also be used as the material of the resin layer. The pigment and dye contained in the resin layer are not particularly limited as long as the color-imparting layer 52 can impart a color to light. The color-imparting layer 52 imparts, for example, a blue color to light transmitted through the color-imparting layer 52.

[0166] As shown in Figures 22 and 24, the decorative laminate 10 may include both a second brightness adjustment layer 51 and a color-imparting layer 52. As shown in Figures 23 and 25, the decorative laminate 10 may include a color-imparting layer 52 without including the second brightness adjustment layer 51.

[0167] <Modification 4: Modification of Decorative Laminate> In the above-described embodiment and each modification, an example has been described in which the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. However, the layer configuration of the decorative laminate 10 is not limited to this. The position of the light diffusion layer 90 is not particularly limited as long as it is closer to the front surface 11 than the reflective interface 27. FIG. 26 is a diagram showing an example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 4. FIG. 27 is a diagram showing another example of a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 4, different from that shown in FIG. 26. In the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 26 and 27, the light diffusion layer 90 does not form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. The light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96. The light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 does not also serve as the hard coat layer 91. The decorative laminate 10 shown in FIGS. 26 and 27 includes a hard coat layer 91 in addition to a light diffusion layer 90 .

[0168] 26 , the light diffusion layer 90 is located between the shape-imparting layer 20 and the hard coat layer 91. In the example shown in Fig. 26 , the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the shape-imparting layer 20, the light diffusion layer 90, and the hard coat layer 91 are laminated in this order along the Z direction Dz from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11. As a result, the hard coat layer 91 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0169] In the example shown in Fig. 27 , the decorative laminate 10 includes a color-imparting layer 52. In the decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 27 , the light-diffusing layer 90 is located between the shape-imparting layer 20 and the color-imparting layer 52. In the example shown in Fig. 27 , the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the shape-imparting layer 20, the light-diffusing layer 90, the color-imparting layer 52, and the hard coat layer 91 are laminated in this order along the Z direction Dz from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11. As a result, the hard coat layer 91 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0170] Although not shown in the figure, when the decorative laminate 10 has a light diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light, the light diffusion layer 90 does not have to form the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0171] From the viewpoint of easily adjusting the degree of gloss suppression by the light diffusion layer 90, it is preferable that the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. By adjusting the degree of gloss suppression in this way, a more preferable matte texture can be expressed. It is also preferable that the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 from the viewpoint of providing a tactile sensation to a person who touches the decorative laminate 10 by the light diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92.

[0172] <Modification 5: Modification of Decorative Laminate> The decorative laminate 10 may include a substrate 76 that is located closer to the front surface 11 than the light diffusion layer 90. Fig. 28 is a diagram showing an example of the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 5. The light diffusion layer 90 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 28 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusion material 96.

[0173] The decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 28 includes a substrate 76 that is located closer to the front surface 11 than the light diffusion layer 90. The light diffusion layer 90 and the substrate 76 overlap in the normal direction Dn. In the example shown in Fig. 28, the filling layer 40, the brightness adjustment layer 30, the shape-imparting layer 20, the light diffusion layer 90, and the substrate 76 are stacked in this order along the Z direction Dz from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11. In the decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 28, the substrate 76 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10.

[0174] The substrate 76 can be made of the same material as the substrate 72, which is the transfer substrate in the above-described embodiment.

[0175] The decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28 can be manufactured, for example, by the following method. First, a flat substrate 76 is prepared, with a light diffusion layer 90 formed on one surface. Next, a shape-imparting layer 20, a brightness adjustment layer 30, and a bonding layer 35 are formed in this order on the light diffusion layer 90. As a method for forming the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the light diffusion layer 90, the method for forming the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the bonding layer 35 on the release layer 73 in the above-mentioned embodiment can be applied. In this way, the decorative laminate 10 shown in Figure 28 can be manufactured.

[0176] The decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 28 can be considered to be a decorative laminate 10 in which the transfer sheet 70 shown in Fig. 19 is used as the decorative laminate 10 without peeling off the substrate 72. In this case, the substrate 76 of the decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 28 corresponds to the substrate 72 of the transfer sheet 70 shown in Fig. 19. However, in the decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 28, it is not necessary for the substrate 76 to be easily peeled off from portions of the decorative laminate 10 other than the substrate 76. Although not shown, the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 5 may be a decorative laminate 10 in which the transfer sheet 70 described above, for example the transfer sheet 70 shown in Figs. 9 and 20 to 27, is used as the decorative laminate 10 without peeling off the substrate 72, and the substrate 72 of the transfer sheet 70 is used as the substrate 76.

[0177] In the decorative laminate 10 of Variation 5 that includes the substrate 76, the substrate 76 is transparent. This allows light that enters the decorative laminate 10 from the front surface 11 to reach the reflective interface 27, and allows the light reflected at the reflective interface 27 to exit from the front surface 11, without the need to peel off the substrate 76.

[0178] The decorative laminate 10 of Variation 5, which includes the substrate 76, can be attached to the above-mentioned molded portion 65 or the like without peeling off the substrate 76. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of easily adjusting the degree of gloss suppression by the light diffusion layer 90, it is preferable that the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. It is also preferable that the light diffusion layer 90 forms the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 from the viewpoint of providing a tactile sensation to a person touching the decorative laminate 10 due to the light diffusion layer 90 having an uneven surface 92. From these viewpoints, it is preferable that the decorative laminate 10 does not include the substrate 76.

[0179] <Modification 6: Modification of Unit Optical Elements> FIG. 3 shows an example in which multiple unit optical elements 13 have outer contours 23a that are regular hexagonal in plan view. However, the shape of the unit optical elements 13 is not limited to this example. The outer contours 23a of the multiple unit optical elements 13 may be polygonal shapes other than hexagonal. For example, the outer contours 23a of each unit optical element 13 may be polygonal, such as triangular, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, or octagonal. FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a plan view of a shape-imparting layer 20 having an example of unit optical elements 13 in Modification 6. For example, as shown in FIG. 29 , unit optical elements 13 having octagonal outer contours 23a may be arranged in a staggered pattern. The outer contours 23a of the multiple unit optical elements 13 may have shapes other than polygonal. That is, the outer contours 23a of the unit optical elements 13 may include curved portions or portions extending in an arc shape. The outer contours 23a of the unit optical elements 13 are not particularly limited. The outer contour 23a of the unit optical element 13 may be, for example, a circle, a semicircle, an ellipse, a sector, a crescent, a heart, a letter shape, or the like. The plurality of unit optical elements 13 may have shapes different from one another. The plurality of unit optical elements 13 may be arranged in an irregular array. Furthermore, although not shown, the unit optical elements 13 may be arranged so as to overlap one another. The plurality of unit optical elements 13 may have outer contours 23a of shapes different from one another.

[0180] Another example of the shape of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 will be further described. In the above-described embodiment, an example has been described in which the concave-convex structure 25 is a linear Fresnel lens or has a structure having a combination of linear Fresnel lenses. However, the shape of the concave-convex structure 25 is not limited to this. The concave-convex structure 25 may be a circular Fresnel lens. In this case, as shown in FIG. 30 , the shape of each inclined surface 26A in plan view may be a perfect circle or an ellipse. The direction in which the major axis of the ellipse extends (hereinafter simply referred to as the major axis direction) may differ among the plurality of unit optical elements 13. For example, the major axis direction of one unit optical element 13 may be non-parallel to or perpendicular to the major axis direction of another unit optical element 13. As shown in FIG. 31 , each inclined surface 26A may extend in an arc shape in plan view. In the example shown in FIG. 31 , the inclined surface 26A of each unit optical element 13 extends along a circle centered on the optical axis Ax of the unit optical element 13. 32 , the shape-imparting layer 20 may include a concave-convex structure 25 formed as a linear Fresnel lens and a concave-convex structure 25 formed as a circular Fresnel lens. The plurality of unit optical elements 13 may include unit optical elements 13 having outer contours 23 a with different shapes.

[0181] Furthermore, another example of a unit optical element 13 will be described, in which the multiple inclined surfaces 26A include multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 and the multiple connecting surfaces 26B include multiple first connecting surfaces 26B1. FIG. 33 is a diagram showing a plan view of a shape-imparting layer 20 having another example of a unit optical element 13 in Modification 6. FIG. 34 is a diagram showing a cross section of the shape-imparting layer 20 taken along line XXXIV-XXXIV in FIG. 33, along with cross sections of the brightness adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40. In FIG. 33, portions of the decorative laminate 10 other than the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the filling layer 40 are omitted. The first region 234 of the unit optical element 13 shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 functions as a conical lens (axicon lens) shown in FIG. 35. In the example shown in FIGS. 33 and 34, the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are formed by dividing the side surface of a cone. The first region 234 is a region extending from the outermost inclined surface 26Ao of the plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 to the innermost inclined surface 26Ac of the plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 when viewed in the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10. The plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned in a direction toward a first reference line L1 extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. The plurality of first inclined surfaces 26A1 are inclined toward the first reference line L1. In the example shown in FIGS. 33 and 34 , the first reference line L1 coincides with the perpendicular line of the cone. The perpendicular line of the cone is a line extending perpendicularly from the apex of the cone to the base.

[0182] In the examples shown in Figures 33 and 34, a unit optical element 13 in which the first region 234 functions as a lens having a right cone shape as shown in Figure 35 has been described. However, the shape of the unit optical element 13 is not limited to this. The first region 234 of the unit optical element 13 may function as a lens having an oblique cone shape as shown in Figure 36. Figure 37 is a diagram showing a cross section of the shape-imparting layer 20 taken along line XXXVII-XXXVII in Figure 33, together with cross sections of the brightness adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40. In Figure 37, parts of the decorative laminate 10 other than the shape-imparting layer 20 and the filling layer 40 are omitted from the illustration. The first region 234 may function as a lens having a cone shape with an elliptical base.

[0183] In the above example, the first region 234 has a shape that functions as a conical lens. However, the shape of the first region 234 is not limited to this. The first region 234 may function as a lens having a conical shape other than a cone. For example, the first region 234 may function as a lens having a conical shape with a polygonal bottom as shown in FIG. 38 . FIG. 39 is a diagram showing a plan view of a shape-imparting layer 20 having another example of a unit optical element 13 in Modification 6. The first inclined surface 26A1 may be formed as shown by the solid line in FIG. 39 . Note that in this specification, the term "cone" is a concept that includes not only a right cone but also an oblique cone.

[0184] The first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens. In this case, the first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens obtained by removing the apex of a right cone, as shown in FIGS. 40 and 41 . The first region 234 may function as a frustum-shaped lens obtained by removing the apex of an oblique cone. FIG. 41 shows cross sections of the shape-imparting layer 20, the brightness adjustment layer 30, and the filling layer 40 when the concavo-convex structure 25 is configured so that the first region 234 functions as a frustum-shaped lens. In FIG. 41 , portions of the decorative laminate 10 other than the shape-imparting layer 20 and the filling layer 40 are omitted from the illustration.

[0185] As an example, the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 form the side surfaces or portions of the side surfaces of a cone or frustum at different height positions. In other words, the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are configured to have shapes formed by dividing the side surfaces of a cone or frustum. A cone whose side surfaces or portions of the side surfaces are formed by the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 is referred to as a first cone. A frustum whose side surfaces or portions of the side surfaces are formed by the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 is referred to as a first frustum. By having the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 form the side surfaces or portions of the side surfaces of the first cone or first frustum at different height positions, the first region 234 can function as a lens in the shape of a first cone or a lens in the shape of a first frustum.

[0186] The first region 234 may function as a lens having an approximately conical or frustum shape. The first region 234 may function as a lens having a shape in which a portion of a cone, frustum, approximately cone, or approximately frustum is cut off along an imaginary plane perpendicular to its base, as shown in FIG. 42 . The shape shown in FIG. 42 corresponds to the shape in which a portion of the cone shown in FIG. 38 is cut off along an imaginary plane perpendicular to its base. In this case, the first inclined surface 26A1 is formed as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 39 . The unit optical element 13 designated by the symbol 23C in FIG. 39 and formed to function as a lens having the shape shown in FIG. 42 is referred to as an incomplete unit optical element 13C. The unit optical element 13 designated by the symbol 23D in FIG. 39 and formed to function as a lens having the shape shown in FIG. 38 is referred to as a complete unit optical element 13D. The incomplete unit optical element 13C has a shape in which a part of the complete unit optical element 13D is cut out along an imaginary plane parallel to the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10.

[0187] Regardless of whether the first region 234 functions as a lens of any of the above-described shapes, the uneven structure 25 of the first region 234 is formed so that the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned in a direction toward a first reference line L1 extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz) of the decorative laminate 10. The multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 are inclined toward the first reference line L1. The multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 form the shapes of side surfaces or parts of the side surfaces at different height positions of a pyramid, a frustum, an approximate pyramid, and an approximate frustum.

[0188] Figure 41 corresponds to a cross section of the shaping layer 20, brightness adjustment layer 30, and filling layer 40 of the decorative laminate 10 when the shaping surface 20a functions as a frustum-shaped or approximately frustum-shaped lens. As shown in Figure 41, the unit optical element includes a second region 235 adjacent to the first region 234 in the direction in which the first inclined surfaces 26A1 are aligned. As an example, in the second region 235, the shaping surface 20a is a flat surface or a curved surface. In the example shown in Figure 41, in the second region 235, the shaping surface 20a is a flat surface. The second region 235 may be a spherical lens.

[0189] The second region 235 may include a plurality of second inclined surfaces 26A2 and a plurality of second connecting surfaces 26B2 connecting adjacent second inclined surfaces 26A2. The plurality of second inclined surfaces 26A2 may have shapes corresponding to a plurality of lens surfaces obtained by dividing a continuous lens surface along a plane perpendicular to the thickness direction. The plurality of second connecting surfaces 26B2 may have shapes corresponding to rise surfaces connecting the plurality of second inclined surfaces 26A2 corresponding to the plurality of lens surfaces. As shown in FIG. 43 , a Fresnel lens structure may be formed in the second region 235. In this case, the second region 235 may include a plurality of second inclined surfaces 26A2 forming the Fresnel lens structure and a plurality of second connecting surfaces 26B2 connecting adjacent second inclined surfaces 26A2. In the example shown in FIG. 43 , the Fresnel lens structure includes second inclined surfaces 26A2 formed by dividing a continuous spherical lens and second connecting surfaces 26B2 connecting adjacent second inclined surfaces 26A2. 43, the Fresnel lens structure formed in the second region 235 functions as a convex lens, but the Fresnel lens structure is not limited to this. The Fresnel lens structure may also function as a concave lens. By forming the Fresnel lens structure in the second region 235, it is possible to express a rich three-dimensional effect that is greater than the thickness of the mold layer 20, and to express a complex design.

[0190] The second region 235 may have a concave-convex structure 25 formed therein that functions as a lens having a cone shape, a cone shape, an approximate cone shape, or an approximate cone shape different from the cone shape or approximate cone shape corresponding to the first inclined surface 26A1 of the first region 234.

[0191] As an example, the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 form the shapes of side surfaces or portions of the side surfaces of a cone or frustum at different height positions. In other words, the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 are configured to have shapes formed by dividing the side surfaces of a cone or frustum. A cone whose side surfaces or portions of the side surfaces are formed by the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 is referred to as a second cone. A frustum whose side surfaces or portions of the side surfaces are formed by the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 is referred to as a second frustum. By having the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 form the shapes of side surfaces or portions of the side surfaces of the second cone or second frustum at different height positions, the second region 235 can function as a lens in the shape of a second cone or a lens in the shape of a second frustum.

[0192] As an example, the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 may be shaped like side surfaces or portions of side surfaces of a first frustum at different height positions. The multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 may be shaped like side surfaces or portions of side surfaces of a second cone or second frustum at different height positions. In this case, the shape of the base of the first frustum may be different from the shape of the base of the second cone or second frustum. As an example, in the example shown by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 39 , the first region 234 is formed to function as a lens in the shape of a frustum (first frustum) with a hexagonal bottom. The second region 235 is formed to function as a lens in the shape of a cone (second frustum) with a circular bottom. In this case, the multiple first inclined surfaces 26A1 may be shaped like side surfaces of the first frustum at different height positions, and the multiple second inclined surfaces 26A2 may be shaped like side surfaces of the second cone or frustum at different height positions. In the unit optical element 13 indicated by the two-dot chain line in FIG. 39, the first region 234 surrounds the second region 235 in plan view.

[0193] FIG. 44 shows a cross section of the shape-imparting layer 20 taken along line XLIV-XLIV in FIG. 39 , along with cross sections of the brightness adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40. In the example shown in FIG. 44 , the second region 235 has a concavo-convex structure 25 formed therein that has a different function from the first inclined surface 26A1 of the first region 234. The second region 235 has a concavo-convex structure 25 that functions as, for example, a cone-shaped, frustum-shaped, approximately cone-shaped, or approximately frustum-shaped lens. In this case, the second inclined surface 26A2 may be aligned in a direction toward a second reference line L2 extending along the normal direction Dn (Z direction Dz). The second inclined surface 26A2 may be inclined toward the second reference line L2. In the example shown in FIG. 44 , the position of the second reference line L2 when the decorative laminate 10 is viewed in plan is fixed at a single point. In the illustrated example, the second reference line L2 coincides with the perpendicular to the second cone, which is the second cone. The second reference line L2 may or may not coincide with the first reference line L1.

[0194] Another example of the configuration of multiple unit optical elements 13 will be further described. For example, as shown in Figures 45 and 46, unit optical elements 13 having a rectangular outer contour 23a may be arranged in a square. The multiple inclined surfaces 26A of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figure 45 can be considered to be aligned in a direction toward the first reference line L1 shown in Figure 45 and inclined toward the first reference line L1. The multiple inclined surfaces 26A of the unit optical element 13 shown in Figure 46 can be considered to be aligned in a direction toward the first reference line L1 shown in Figure 46 and inclined toward the first reference line L1. In the example shown in Figure 45, the concave-convex structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 is a linear Fresnel lens. Figure 47 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a cross section of the shape-imparting layer 20 shown in Figure 46 taken along line XLVII-XLVII, along with cross sections of the brightness adjustment layer 30 and the filling layer 40. In Figure 47, portions of the decorative laminate 10 other than the shape-imparting layer 20 and the filling layer 40 are omitted from the illustration. 47 , adjacent inclined surfaces 26A and connecting surfaces 26B included in the concave-convex structure 25 are connected at boundaries 26C. When unit optical elements 13 having quadrangular outer contours 23a are arranged in a square pattern, the inclined surfaces 26A and connecting surfaces 26B are arranged such that boundaries 26C included in one of the unit optical elements 13 extend in one direction in a plan view of one of the unit optical elements 13. In a plan view of one of the unit optical elements 13, boundaries 26C between the inclined surfaces 26A and connecting surfaces 26B all extend in one direction. In this case, the direction in which the boundaries 26C extend in one of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 in a plan view may be different from the direction in which the boundaries 26C extend in another of the plurality of unit optical elements 13 in a plan view.

[0195] The case where the decorative laminate 10 has a plurality of unit optical elements 13 shown in Figures 46 and 47 will be further described. In the example shown in Figure 47, a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A included in one of the unit optical elements 13 are flat surfaces parallel to each other. A plurality of connecting surfaces 26B included in one of the unit optical elements 13 are flat surfaces parallel to each other. As shown in Figure 47, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 in one of the unit optical elements 13 may be different from the pitch P of the uneven structure 25 in another of the unit optical elements 13. The height H25 of the uneven structure 25 in one of the unit optical elements 13 may be different from the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 in the other of the unit optical elements 13.

[0196] The direction in which the boundary 26C extends in a plan view of one of the unit optical elements 13, the pitch P of the uneven structure 25, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 are adjusted for each unit optical element 13. As an example, by providing multiple unit optical elements 13, it may be necessary to display a pseudo-three-dimensional shape in an area where the multiple unit optical elements 13 are provided. In this case, the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 may be adjusted for each unit optical element 13 depending on the three-dimensional shape to be displayed. In this case, by adjusting the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25, a desired three-dimensional shape can be displayed pseudo-wise. As an example, it is assumed that when light is irradiated onto a three-dimensional shape to be displayed, a specific shadow is generated on the three-dimensional shape depending on the direction of the light irradiation. In this case, the direction in which the boundary 26C extends, the pitch P, and the height H25 of the uneven structure 25 are adjusted so that the specific shadow is generated when light is irradiated onto the area where the plurality of unit optical elements 13 are provided. In this way, a shadow of a desired three-dimensional shape is displayed, thereby making it possible to display the three-dimensional shape in a pseudo manner.

[0197] <Modification 7: Modification of the Brightness Adjustment Layer> In the above-described embodiment and each modification, an example has been described in which the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a reflective layer 33. However, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is not limited to this. The brightness adjustment layer 30 may be a refractive index modulation layer 34. The refractive index modulation layer 34 is a layer whose refractive index differs from that of the shape-imparting layer 20. FIG. 48 is a diagram showing a decorative laminate 10 according to Modification 7. In the example shown in FIG. 48, the uneven structure 25 of the shape-imparting layer 20 is covered by the refractive index modulation layer 34. In this case, a reflective interface 27 is formed between the shape-imparting layer 20 and the refractive index modulation layer 34, thereby improving the reflectance of light on the shape-imparting surface 20a. This allows the brightness of light reflected by the decorative laminate 10 to be adjusted.

[0198] The refractive index modulation layer 34 can be formed by vapor deposition or coating of a high refractive index material (for example, a metal oxide, a metal sulfide, or a metal nitride). The refractive index modulation layer 34 may be a transparent vapor deposition layer. Examples of high refractive index materials that form the refractive index modulation layer 34 include titanium oxide (TiO ２ ), zirconium oxide (ZrO ２ ), aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, zinc sulfide (ZnS), barium titanate, silicon oxide (SiO2), or a combination thereof can be used. The refractive index modulation layer 34 may also be a transparent vapor deposition layer. By forming the refractive index modulation layer 34 from such a material, the electromagnetic wave transmittance of the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be improved. As described above, whether the brightness adjustment layer 30 is the reflective layer 33 or the refractive index modulation layer 34, the brightness adjustment layer 30 may be a vapor deposition film.

[0199] When the refractive index modulation layer 34 is formed by coating with a high refractive index material, the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be formed, for example, by the following method. An ink containing high refractive index particles formed from a high refractive index material and having an average particle diameter of 100 nm or less is prepared, and the ink is coated onto the shaping surface 20a. This allows the refractive index modulation layer 34 to be formed. An example of an ink containing such high refractive index particles is a zirconium oxide dispersion (SZR series (product name) manufactured by Sakai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.). The ink may or may not contain a binder resin. Examples of binder resins that can be used include ultraviolet-curable resins and ionizing radiation-curable resins. Ionizing radiation-curable resins include, for example, electron beam-curable resins. The refractive index modulation layer 34 containing ultraviolet-curable resins or electron beam-curable resins as binder resins is flexible and extensible. Therefore, when the decorative laminate 10 is curved or stretched along the surface of the molded portion 65, the refractive index modulation layer 34 can be curved or stretched as desired. In other words, there is little risk that the refractive index modulation layer 34 will hinder the curvature or stretching of the decorative laminate 10 .

[0200] When the brightness adjustment layer 30 is the refractive index modulation layer 34, the rise angle θB of the connecting surface 26B of the concave-convex structure 25 may be greater than 0°. The rise angle θB of the connecting surface 26B may be 15° or greater. This makes it easy to form the refractive index modulation layer 34 on the connecting surface 26B.

[0201] The refractive index modulation layer 34 may be formed as a thin film-like layer, similar to the reflective layer 33 shown in FIG. 4 . In this case, the thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be thinner than the height H25 of the concave-convex structure 25 in the unit optical element 13. The thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be less than half the height H25, less than 25% of the height H25, or less than 10% of the height H25. A refractive index modulation layer 34 of such a thickness does not fill the concave-convex of the shaping surface 20a, but forms concave-convex corresponding to the concave-convex of the shaping surface 20a on the side opposite to the side facing the shaping surface 20a. Although not shown, the refractive index modulation layer 34 may fill the concave-convex of the shaping surface 20a. In this case, the decorative laminate 10 does not need to have a filling layer 40.

[0202] The thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 is preferably a thickness that can sufficiently increase the reflectance of the reflective interface 27 formed by the refractive index modulation layer 34. The thickness of the refractive index modulation layer 34 may be, for example, 0.005 μm or more. The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 20 μm or less. The thickness of the reflective layer 33 may be 0.005 μm or more and 20 μm or less.

[0203] <Modification 8: Modification of the Brightness Adjustment Layer> In the above-described embodiment and each modification, an example was described in which the brightness adjustment layer 30 is the reflective layer 33 or the refractive index modulation layer 34. However, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is not limited to this. The brightness adjustment layer 30 may be a colored layer 36. The colored layer 36 absorbs a portion of the light incident on the decorative laminate 10, thereby adjusting the reflectance of visible light at the reflective interface between the shaping surface 20a and the brightness adjustment layer 30. The colored layer 36 can also impart a desired color to the decorative laminate 10. Figure 49 is a diagram showing the decorative laminate 10 of Modification 8. The colored layer 36 can be made of a resin mixed with a pigment or dye. The colored layer 36 may further contain additives such as an ultraviolet absorber or a light stabilizer.

[0204] The resin contained in the colored layer 36 may be, for example, a non-UV-curable acrylic resin. The acrylic resin is, for example, a polymer of a (meth)acrylate compound. The polymer may be a homopolymer or a copolymer of the (meth)acrylate compound. Examples of the (meth)acrylate compound include alkyl (meth)acrylates such as methyl (meth)acrylate and ethyl (meth)acrylate, cycloalkyl (meth)acrylates such as cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, aromatic (meth)acrylates such as phenyl (meth)acrylate, and hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates such as hydroxyethyl (meth)acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, and hydroxybutyl (meth)acrylate. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is preferred as the acrylic resin. In this specification, the term "(meth)acrylate compound" refers to either or both of "acrylate compound" and "methacrylate compound."

[0205] The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 10,000 or more, or 50,000 or more, from the viewpoint of durability such as heat resistance and abrasion resistance. The Mw of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 100,000 or less, or 80,000 or less, from the viewpoint of interlayer adhesion. In this specification, Mw refers to a value measured by gel permeation chromatography using polystyrene as a standard substance, and is measured by a method in accordance with JIS K 7252-3:2016.

[0206] The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 70°C or higher, or 85°C or higher, from the viewpoint of durability such as heat resistance and abrasion resistance. The Tg of the acrylic resin may be, for example, 110°C or lower, or 100°C or lower, from the viewpoint of interlayer adhesion. Therefore, the Tg of the acrylic resin may be 70°C or higher and 110°C or lower. In this specification, Tg is the glass transition temperature obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in accordance with JIS K 7121:2012.

[0207] The resin contained in the colored layer 36 may be a cured product of an acrylic thermosetting resin. The cured product is formed, for example, from an acrylic thermosetting resin and a curing agent. An example of the acrylic thermosetting resin is an acrylic polyol having two or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule. An example of the acrylic polyol is a polymer of a (meth)acrylate compound using at least a hydroxyl group-containing monomer such as a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate as a raw material monomer. An example of the curing agent is an isocyanate compound.

[0208] When the colored layer 36 is colored black, the colored layer 36 typically contains a black pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a black dye instead of a black pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of the black pigment contained in the colored layer 36 include carbon black, titanium black, complex metal oxides, and perylene black. Examples of the black dye contained in the colored layer 36 include an azo-based black dye and a nigrosine black dye.

[0209] When the colored layer 36 is colored blue, the colored layer 36 typically contains a blue pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a blue dye instead of the blue pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of the blue pigment contained in the colored layer 36 include copper phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone pigments, cobalt blue, and composite metal oxides. Examples of the blue dye contained in the colored layer 36 include methine dyes, anthraquinone dyes, azo dyes, triarylmethane dyes, and phthalocyanine dyes.

[0210] When the colored layer 36 is colored red, the colored layer 36 typically contains a red pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a red dye instead of the red pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of the red pigment contained in the colored layer 36 include diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, anthraquinone pigments, quinacridone pigments, perylene pigments, composite metal oxides, and iron oxides. Examples of the red dye contained in the colored layer 36 include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, and perinone dyes.

[0211] When the colored layer 36 is colored yellow, the colored layer 36 typically contains a yellow pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a yellow dye instead of the yellow pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of the yellow pigment contained in the colored layer 36 include isoindoline-based pigments, anthraquinone-based pigments, condensed azo-based pigments, complex metal oxides, and iron oxides. Examples of the yellow dye contained in the colored layer 36 include azo-based dyes, anthraquinone-based dyes, methine-based dyes, quinophthalone-based dyes, and pyrazolone-based dyes.

[0212] When the colored layer 36 is colored green, the colored layer 36 typically contains a green pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a green dye instead of the green pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of the green pigment contained in the colored layer 36 include phthalocyanine pigments and isoindoline pigments. Examples of the green dye contained in the colored layer 36 include triphenylmethane basic dyes and phthalocyanine dyes.

[0213] When the colored layer 36 is colored purple, the colored layer 36 typically contains a purple pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a purple dye instead of the purple pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye. Examples of the purple pigment contained in the colored layer 36 include quinacridone pigments and dioxazine pigments. Examples of the purple dye contained in the colored layer 36 include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, azine dyes, and quinoline dyes.

[0214] When the colored layer 36 is colored magenta, the colored layer 36 typically contains a magenta pigment. The colored layer 36 may contain a magenta dye instead of the magenta pigment, or may contain both a pigment and a dye. The magenta pigment contained in the colored layer 36 may be, for example, a quinacridone pigment. The magenta dye contained in the colored layer 36 may be, for example, a crimson or an anthraquinone dye.

[0215] Furthermore, the coloring layer 36 may contain not only the pigments and dyes described above but also a toning pigment or a toning dye. For example, if the coloring layer 36 is colored black and the black pigment or black dye is reddish, the coloring layer 36 may further contain the blue pigment or blue dye described above as a toning pigment or toning dye. In this case, various color pigments can be used as the toning pigment, such as a blue pigment, as well as the above-mentioned red pigment, yellow pigment, green pigment, magenta pigment, and purple pigment. In this case, various dyes can be used as the toning dye, such as a blue dye, as well as the above-mentioned red dye, green dye, magenta dye, yellow dye, and purple dye.

[0216] Alternatively, the colored layer 36 may be black by containing pigments and dyes of the colors described above other than the black pigment and black dye.

[0217] Such a colored layer 36 is produced by applying a liquid precursor material to the shape-imparting surface 20a of the shape-imparting layer 20 and curing it. The precursor material of the colored layer 36 contains the resin and pigment or dye contained in the colored layer 36 described above.

[0218] In the example shown in Figure 49, the colored layer 36 fills in the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a. That is, the brightness adjustment layer 30, which is the colored layer 36, also functions as a planarizing layer that fills in the unevenness of the shaping surface 20a. In this case, the decorative laminate 10 does not need to have a filling layer 40. The bonding layer 35 does not need to double as the filling layer 40. In the example shown in Figure 49, the surface of the brightness adjustment layer 30 that comes into contact with the bonding layer 35 is flat. As a result, the surface of the bonding layer 35 that comes into contact with the brightness adjustment layer 30 is flat.

[0219] Such a colored layer 36 is produced by applying a liquid precursor material to the shape-imparting surface 20a of the shape-imparting layer 20 and curing it. The precursor material of the colored layer 36 contains the resin and pigment or dye contained in the colored layer 36 described above.

[0220] The total light transmittance of at least some of the plurality of unit adjustment elements 41 may be different from the total light transmittance of the other unit adjustment elements 41. This allows the decorative laminate 10 to express a complex design.

[0221] The thickness of the colored layer 36 is preferably 0.1 μm or more and 500 μm or less.

[0222] <Modification 9: Modification of Decorative Member> The decorative member 3 may have any shape. In other words, the shape of the molded portion 65 to which the decorative laminate 10 is applied may be any shape. For example, as shown in FIG. 50 , the decorative member 3 may include a curved surface 68. More specifically, the molded portion 65 may include a curved surface 68 corresponding to the curved surface 3 c of the decorative member 3, and the decorative laminate 10 may cover the curved surface 68 of the molded portion 65. By having the decorative laminate 10 cover the curved surface 68, an observer observing the curved surface 3 c of the decorative member 3 can grasp changes in the optical action of the decorative laminate 10 in response to changes in the angle of incidence of light on the decorative laminate 10 without moving the decorative member 3. In other words, because the angle of incidence of light with respect to the decorative laminate 10 varies depending on the location on the curved surface 3c of the decorative member 3, an observer observing the curved surface 3c of the decorative member 3 can perceive the movement of reflected light from the decorative laminate 10 by simply moving their line of sight, similar to the movement of the flat decorative laminate 10 when observing the decorative laminate 10 while changing its inclination. From the viewpoint of effectively grasping the changes in the optical action of the decorative laminate 10, the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the decorative member 3 (and therefore the curved surface of the molded portion 65) is preferably 250 mm or less, and more preferably 100 mm or less.

[0223] According to the embodiment or its modification described above, the decorative laminate 10 has a front surface 11 and a back surface 12 located opposite the front surface 11. The decorative laminate includes a shaping layer 20 and a light diffusing layer 90 located closer to the front surface 11 than the shaping layer 20. The shaping layer 20 has a shaping surface 20a on which a relief structure 25 is formed. The decorative laminate 10 has at least one unit optical element 13 that provides incident light with at least one optical effect selected from reflection, refraction, and diffraction in accordance with the relief structure 25. The shaping surface 20a of the unit optical element 13 includes a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10 and inclined toward the reference line, and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B connecting adjacent inclined surfaces 26A, thereby forming a reflective interface 27 at which light is reflected. The angle of the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn is greater than the angle of the connecting surface 26B connected to the inclined surface 26A with respect to the normal direction Dn. The light diffusing layer 90 diffuses incident light. The ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 to the specular gloss G(20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front side surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10, is 2 or more and 30 or less. This makes it possible to provide a decorative laminate 10 and a decorative member 3 that have a three-dimensional effect and a matte texture.

[0224] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the inclined surfaces 26A are lens surfaces, and the connecting surfaces 26B are rise surfaces. This allows the unit optical elements 13 to function as lenses. Therefore, in the area where the decorative laminate 10 has the unit optical elements 13, a three-dimensional effect greater than the thickness of the decorative laminate 10 can be expressed.

[0225] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the light diffusion layer 90 contains a binder resin 95 and a light diffusing material 96 dispersed in the binder resin 95. As a result, the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses incident light, and the decorative laminate 10 can express a matte texture with reduced gloss.

[0226] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the light diffusion layer 90 has an uneven surface 92 that diffuses incident light. As a result, the light diffusion layer 90 diffuses the incident light, and the decorative laminate 10 can express a matte texture with reduced gloss.

[0227] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the decorative laminate 10 includes a brightness adjustment layer 30 disposed on the shaping surface 20a side of the shaping layer 20. This adjusts the brightness of the light reflected by the decorative laminate 10, thereby more effectively imparting a rich design with a luxurious feel to the decorative laminate 10.

[0228] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the brightness adjustment layer 30 is a vapor-deposited film. According to the decorative laminate 10 of the embodiment or its modification described above, the vapor-deposited film can be firmly adhered to the shaping surface 20a. According to the decorative laminate 10 of the embodiment or its modification described above, by using a vapor-deposited film as the brightness adjustment layer 30, the brightness of light reflected by the decorative laminate 10 can be adjusted.

[0229] According to the embodiment or its modification described above, the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 faces the back surface 12. In the embodiment or its modification described above, the decorative laminate 10 includes a second brightness adjustment layer 51 that is located closer to the back surface 12 than the brightness adjustment layer 30, is in contact with the brightness adjustment layer 30, and forms a second reflective interface 51a at which light is reflected. This allows light that is not reflected at the reflective interface 27 and is directed toward the back surface 12 to be used for design expression.

[0230] According to the embodiment or its modification described above, the multiple connection surfaces 26B are angled with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. This allows the shaping surface 20a and other layers to be firmly attached to each other because the multiple connection surfaces 26B are angled with respect to the normal direction Dn of the decorative laminate 10. Furthermore, the unit shaping elements 23 corresponding to the unit optical elements 13 have a shape that is easy to shape.

[0231] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the decorative laminate 10 includes a substrate 76 that is located closer to the front surface 11 than the light diffusion layer 90. Such a decorative laminate 10 can be attached to a molded portion 65 or the like without peeling off the substrate 76.

[0232] In the embodiment or its modification described above, the transfer sheet 70 includes the decorative laminate 10 described above and a transfer substrate 72 laminated on the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10. Such a transfer sheet 70 can realize design expressions not previously possible.

[0233] In the embodiment or its modified example described above, the decorative member 3 includes the molded portion 65 and the decorative laminate 10. Such a decorative member 3 can realize a design expression that has not been achieved in the past.

[0234] In the embodiment or its modified example described above, the moving body 1 includes the decorative laminate 10. Such a moving body 1 can realize a design expression that has not been seen before.

[0235] Next, specific examples of the above-described embodiment and each of the modifications will be described.

[0236] Example 1 A flat substrate 72 was prepared, with a release layer 73 formed on one surface. The release layer 73 contained a resin 74 and particles 75 dispersed in the resin 74. The resin 74 contained in the release layer 73 was an acrylic polyol. The particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 were melamine particles. Since the release layer 73 contained the resin 74 and the particles 75, unevenness was formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73.

[0237] Next, as shown in FIG. 11 , a layer 93 of a precursor material for the light diffusion layer 90 was formed on the release layer 73. As a result, the surface of the layer 93 that comes into contact with the release layer 73 was formed with irregularities corresponding to the shape of the irregularities formed on the second surface 73b of the release layer 73. This resulted in the formation of a light diffusion layer 90 having an irregular surface 92. The material for the light diffusion layer 90 was acrylic resin. In other words, the material for the layer 93 of the precursor material for the light diffusion layer 90 was selected so that the light diffusion layer 90 made of acrylic resin would be formed.

[0238] Next, as shown in Figure 12, a layer 29 of a precursor material for the shape-imparting layer 20 was formed on the light-diffusing layer 90. Next, as shown in Figure 13, a shape-imparting mold 100 was pressed against the layer 29 to form a shape. The shape-imparting mold 100 had irregularities corresponding to the irregular structure 25. Next, ultraviolet light was irradiated onto the layer 29, causing the layer 29 to harden. This produced a shape-imparting layer 20 in which the irregular structure 25 was formed on the shape-imparting surface 20a. Thereafter, the shape-imparting mold 100 was removed from the shape-imparting layer 20.

[0239] Next, a refractive index modulation layer 34 was formed as the brightness adjustment layer 30 so as to cover the shape-imparting surface 20a of the shape-imparting layer 20. In Example 1, the refractive index modulation layer 34 was formed by depositing titanium oxide (TiO ２ ) was formed as a vapor deposition film. By forming the brightness adjustment layer 30, a reflective interface 27 was formed between the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20 and the brightness adjustment layer 30. The shaping surface 20a forming the reflective interface 27 included a plurality of inclined surfaces 26A and a plurality of connecting surfaces 26B in the plurality of unit optical elements 13. The uneven structure 25 of each unit optical element 13 had a structure combining linear Fresnel lenses as shown in Figures 3 and 4. As shown in Figure 3, the plurality of unit optical elements 13 had an outer contour 23a that was a regular hexagon in plan view.

[0240] After forming the refractive index modulation layer 34 as the brightness adjustment layer 30, the bonding layer 35 (filling layer 40) was formed on the brightness adjustment layer 30. In this way, a transfer sheet 70 including the decorative laminate 10 shown in Fig. 48 was produced.

[0241] Example 2 In Example 2, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Example 2, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 1. It is believed that this gives the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 2 a stronger light diffusing effect than in Example 1, and forms an uneven surface 92 that has a greater effect of reducing gloss on the front side surface 11.

[0242] Example 3 In Example 3, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Example 3, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 1. It is believed that this has resulted in the formation of an uneven surface 92 in the light diffusion layer 90 of Example 3 that has a stronger light diffusing effect and a greater effect of reducing gloss on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 1 and 2.

[0243] Example 4 In Example 4, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Example 4, a vapor-deposited film of zinc sulfide (ZnS) was formed on the shaping surface 20 a as the refractive index modulation layer 34.

[0244] Example 5 In Example 5, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 4, except for the following points. In Example 5, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 4. It is believed that this has resulted in the formation of an uneven surface 92 in the light diffusion layer 90 of Example 5 that has a stronger light diffusing effect and a greater effect of reducing gloss on the front side surface 11 than in Example 4.

[0245] Example 6 In Example 6, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 4, except for the following points. In Example 6, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 4. It is believed that this has resulted in the formation of an uneven surface 92 in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 6 that has a stronger light diffusing effect and a greater effect of reducing gloss on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 4 and 5.

[0246] Example 7 In Example 7, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Example 7, a decorative laminate 10 including a reflective layer 33 as the brightness adjustment layer 30 was produced, as shown in Fig. 4. As the reflective layer 33, an aluminum (Al) vapor-deposited film was formed on the shaping surface 20a.

[0247] Example 8 In Example 8, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 7, except for the following points. In Example 8, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 7. It is believed that this gives the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 8 a stronger light diffusing effect than in Example 7, and forms an uneven surface 92 that has a greater effect of reducing gloss on the front side surface 11.

[0248] Example 9 In Example 9, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 7, except for the following points. In Example 9, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 7. It is believed that this gives the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 9 a stronger light diffusing effect and an uneven surface 92 that is more effective in reducing gloss on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 7 and 8.

[0249] Example 10 In Example 10, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Example 10, a decorative laminate 10 including a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located between the bonding layer 35 and the brightness adjustment layer 30, such as the decorative laminate 10 shown in FIG. 20, was produced. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 was formed by applying ink containing an aluminum pigment dispersed in acrylic resin. In Example 10, a vapor-deposited film of zinc sulfide (ZnS) was formed on the shaping surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34.

[0250] Example 11 In Example 11, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 10, except for the following points. In Example 11, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 10. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 11 having a stronger light diffusing effect than in Example 10, and forming an uneven surface 92 that is more effective in reducing gloss on the front side surface 11.

[0251] Example 12 In Example 12, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 10, except for the following points. In Example 12, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 10. It is believed that this has resulted in the formation of an uneven surface 92 in the light diffusion layer 90 of Example 12 that has a stronger light diffusing effect and a greater effect of reducing gloss on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 10 and 11.

[0252] Example 13 In Example 13, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Example 13, a decorative laminate 10 including a colored layer 36 as the brightness adjustment layer 30 was produced, as shown in Fig. 49. The colored layer 36 was made of an acrylic resin mixed with carbon black as a pigment.

[0253] Example 14 In Example 14, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 13, except for the following points. In Example 14, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was set to 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 13. It is believed that this results in the light diffusion layer 90 in Example 14 having a stronger light diffusing effect than in Example 13, and forming an uneven surface 92 that is more effective in reducing gloss on the front side surface 11.

[0254] Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Comparative Example 1, a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have an uneven surface and did not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light, as shown in Fig. 7C .

[0255] Comparative Example 2 In Comparative Example 2, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Comparative Example 2, a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have an uneven surface and did not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light. In Comparative Example 2, a vapor-deposited film of zinc sulfide (ZnS) was formed on the shaping surface 20a as the refractive index modulation layer 34. In Comparative Example 2, a decorative laminate was produced that included a second brightness adjustment layer 51 located between the bonding layer 35 and the brightness adjustment layer 30. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 was produced by applying ink made of acrylic resin with aluminum pigment dispersed therein.

[0256] <Comparative Example 3> In Comparative Example 3, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Comparative Example 3, a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have an uneven surface and did not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light. In Comparative Example 3, a decorative laminate was produced that included a colored layer 36 as the brightness adjustment layer 30. The colored layer 36 was made of an acrylic resin that was mixed with carbon black as a pigment.

[0257] Comparative Example 4 In Comparative Example 4, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 13, except for the following points. In Comparative Example 4, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was twice the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Example 13. It is believed that this has resulted in the formation of an uneven surface 92 in the light diffusion layer 90 of Comparative Example 4 that has a stronger light diffusing effect and a greater effect of reducing gloss on the front side surface 11 than in Examples 13 and 14.

[0258] Comparative Example 5 In Comparative Example 5, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Comparative Example 5, a decorative laminate was produced in which the hard coat layer 91 did not have an uneven surface and did not function as a light diffusion layer 90 that diffuses incident light. In Comparative Example 5, the shape-imparting surface 20a of the shape-imparting layer 20 was flat without the uneven structure 25. As a result, the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 5 did not include unit optical elements 13. In Comparative Example 5, the brightness adjustment layer 30 was not provided on the decorative laminate. In Comparative Example 5, a second brightness adjustment layer 51 was provided between the bonding layer 35 and the shape-imparting layer 20. The second brightness adjustment layer 51 was formed by applying ink in which aluminum pigment was dispersed in acrylic resin. That is, the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 5 was formed by laminating the bonding layer 35, the second brightness adjustment layer 51, the shape-imparting layer 20, and the hard coat layer 91 in this order in the direction from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11.

[0259] Comparative Example 6 In Comparative Example 6, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Example 1, except for the following points. In Comparative Example 6, the concavo-convex structure 25 was not formed on the shaping surface 20a of the shaping layer 20, and the shaping surface 20a was flat. As a result, the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 6 did not include unit optical elements 13. In Comparative Example 6, the luminance adjustment layer 30 was not provided on the decorative laminate. In Comparative Example 6, a second luminance adjustment layer 51 was provided between the bonding layer 35 and the shaping layer 20. The second luminance adjustment layer 51 was formed by applying an ink containing an aluminum pigment dispersed in an acrylic resin. That is, the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 6 had the bonding layer 35, the second luminance adjustment layer 51, the shaping layer 20, and the light diffusion layer 90 (hard coat layer 91) laminated in this order from the back surface 12 to the front surface 11.

[0260] <Comparative Example 7> In Comparative Example 7, a transfer sheet 70 including a decorative laminate 10 was produced by the same method as in Comparative Example 6, except for the following points. In Comparative Example 7, the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 was 1.5 times the amount of particles 75 contained in the release layer 73 in Comparative Example 6. It is believed that this gives the light diffusion layer 90 of Comparative Example 7 a stronger light diffusing effect than Comparative Example 6, and forms an uneven surface 92 that has a greater effect of reducing gloss on the front side surface 11. <Production of Decorative Member>

[0261] Using each of the transfer sheets 70 having the resulting decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7, a decorative member 3 was produced by in-mold molding, in which the decorative laminate 10 was transferred to a molded portion 65 as shown in FIG. 2 . Specifically, the decorative member 3 was produced by the following method. First, the transfer sheet 70 was placed in a mold for molding the molded portion 65. Next, molten resin was introduced between the back surface 12 (i.e., the bonding layer 35) of the transfer sheet 70 and the inner surface of the mold, and the resin was solidified in the mold. This resulted in the molded portion 65 bonded to the transfer sheet 70 being formed in the mold. Then, the substrate 72 was peeled off from the decorative laminate 10. In this way, the decorative member 3 was produced. In other words, a decorative laminate 10 bonded to the molded portion 65 by the bonding layer 35 was produced. The decorative member 3 thus produced comprised a molded portion 65 and a decorative laminate 10 as shown in Figure 2, which was joined to the molded portion 65 so that the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate 10 and the front surface 66 of the molded portion 65 faced each other.

[0262] The decorative members having the obtained decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were measured for specular gloss, calculated for the ratio G(85) / G(20), and calculated for the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ The details are as follows:

[0263] <Specular Gloss> For the decorative members having the decorative laminates of each Example and Comparative Example, the specular gloss was measured as specular gloss: G(20), G(60), and G(85). The specular gloss G(20) was measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 20°. The specular gloss G(60) was measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 60°. The specular gloss G(85) was measured in accordance with JIS Z 8741:1997, except that the incident angle was set to 85°.

[0264] The specular gloss was measured by the following method. A Rhopoint IQ-S manufactured by Konica Minolta was used as the device for measuring the specular gloss. The measurement environment for measuring the specular gloss was a temperature of 23°C ± 2°C and a relative humidity of 50% ± 5%. The samples to be measured, i.e., decorative members having the decorative laminates of each Example and Comparative Example, were placed in the measurement environment for 16 hours before starting the measurement. Before measuring the specular gloss, the light source of the measurement device was turned on for 15 minutes to stabilize the output of the light source.

[0265] When measuring the specular gloss, the back surface 12 of the decorative member having the decorative laminate was covered with black adhesive tape. Specifically, the black adhesive tape was attached to the back surface 3b of the decorative member having the decorative laminate, thereby covering the back surface 12 of the decorative laminate with the black adhesive tape. Then, the specular gloss G(20), specular gloss G(60), and specular gloss G(85) were measured with the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 as the incident surface.

[0266] From the specular gloss G(20) and specular gloss G(85) measured by the above-mentioned specular gloss measurement, the ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) to the specular gloss G(20), was calculated.

[0267] <Total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ )> For the decorative members having the decorative laminates of each Example and each Comparative Example, the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ The total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ ) was measured under geometric condition c in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009. In particular, the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ The reflectance Y value (Y of tristimulus values ​​XYZ) was measured by the SCI method using a spectrophotometer in accordance with JIS Z 8722:2009. ＳＣＩ The total light reflectance (R) was measured using a spectrophotometer (model CM-700d) manufactured by Konica Minolta, Inc. The measurement conditions, observation conditions, and measurement diameter / illumination diameter were set as follows: ＳＣＩ) was measured by pressing a spectrophotometer perpendicularly against the front surface 11 of the decorative laminate 10 placed on a flat table. The measurement wavelength range of this spectrophotometer was 400 nm to 700 nm, and the measurement wavelength interval was 10 nm. <Measurement conditions> Mode (specular reflection light processing mode): I+E (SCI+SCE) <Observation conditions> Color system: Yxy Viewing angle: 10° field of view Main light source: D65 <Measurement diameter / illumination diameter> Set to either Φ3 mm / Φ6 mm or Φ8 mm / Φ11 mm by changing the target mask and switching the lens position.

[0268] The measurement diameter / illumination diameter was selected according to the size of the unit optical element 13. Here, the illumination diameter is the diameter of the illumination area of ​​the spectrophotometer, and the measurement diameter is the diameter of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer (see FIG. 8).

[0269] When the center of the measurement area C is aligned with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13, the measurement diameter / illumination diameter is selected so that at least 40% of the unit optical element 13 falls within the measurement area C, and the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ The smallest measurement diameter was selected from the available measurement diameters.

[0270] Next, as shown in FIG. 8, the position of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer relative to the unit optical element 13 is determined so that the center of the measurement area C of the spectrophotometer coincides with the geometric center of the unit optical element 13 in a plan view of the decorative laminate 10, and the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ ) was measured.

[0271] <Sensory Evaluation of Design> A sensory evaluation of the design expressed by the decorative members having the decorative laminates of each Example and Comparative Example was performed. In the sensory evaluation of the design, the decorative members having the decorative laminates were attached to the wall of a room with normal brightness, with the front surface 11 facing the center of the room. A subject was then asked to observe the decorative members having the decorative laminates from a position 30 cm away from the front surface 11 in the Y direction Dy and evaluate the design expressed by the decorative members having the decorative laminates.

[0272] When the subjects evaluated the designs, they were asked to evaluate which of the following A, B, C, or D the design expressed by the decorative member having the decorative laminate best fit. A: The three-dimensional effect was clearly expressed, and the matte texture was clearly expressed. B: The three-dimensional effect was clearly expressed, and the matte texture was expressed, but there was a slight gloss on the front surface 11. C: The three-dimensional effect was expressed, but the three-dimensional effect was not very clear. D: The three-dimensional effect was not expressed.

[0273] The decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 were measured for specular gloss, calculated for the ratio G(85) / G(20), and calculated for the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ The results of the measurement of the visual acuity and the sensory evaluation of the design expressed by the decorative member having the decorative laminate are shown in Table 1.

[0274]

[0275] As shown in Table 1, the decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 14, which included a light diffusion layer 90 and unit optical elements 13 and had a ratio G(85) / G(20) of 2 or more and 30 or less, were rated as "A," "B," or "C" in the sensory evaluation of design. On the other hand, the decorative members having the decorative laminates of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, which did not include a light diffusion layer 90, did not have a ratio G(85) / G(20) of 2 or more and 30 or less, and were rated as "D" in the sensory evaluation of design. The decorative members having the decorative laminates of Comparative Examples 5 to 7, which did not include unit optical elements 13, did not have a ratio G(85) / G(20) of 2 or more and 30 or less, and were rated as "D" in the sensory evaluation of design. Furthermore, the decorative member having the decorative laminate of Comparative Example 4, in which the ratio G(85) / G(20) was greater than 30, was rated as "D" in the sensory evaluation of design.

[0276] As shown in Table 1, the total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ The decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 12, in which the total light reflectance (R ) was 10% or more, were evaluated as either "A" or "B" in the sensory evaluation of the design. ＳＣＩThe decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 13 and 14, in which the difference in the thickness of the decorative laminates was less than 10%, were evaluated as "C" in the sensory evaluation of the design.

[0277] As shown in Table 1, the decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 1 to 6, 8, 9, and 12, which had a specular gloss G(60) of 60 or less and a ratio G(85) / G(20) of greater than 3, were evaluated as "A" in the sensory evaluation of design. On the other hand, the decorative members having the decorative laminates of Examples 7, 10, and 11, which had at least one of a specular gloss G(60) of greater than 60 and a ratio G(85) / G(20) of 3 or less, were evaluated as "B" in the sensory evaluation of design.

[0278] Although one embodiment and its modifications have been described with reference to specific examples, the above specific examples are not intended to limit the embodiment and modifications. The above-described embodiment and modifications can be implemented in various other specific examples, and various omissions, substitutions, changes, additions, etc. can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

[0279] 1: moving body, 3: decorative member, 5: sensor, 10: decorative laminate, 11: front side, 12: back side, 13: unit optical element, 20: shaping layer, 20a: shaping surface, 20b: non-shaping surface, 23: unit shaping element, 234: first region, 235: second region, 24: gap region, 25: uneven structure, 26A: inclined surface, 26B: connecting surface, 27: reflective interface, 30: brightness adjustment layer, 35: bonding layer, 40: filling layer, 51: second brightness adjustment layer, 51a: second reflective interface, 52: color-imparting layer, 65: molding portion, 70: transfer sheet, 72: substrate, 73: release layer, 74: resin, 75: particles, 76: substrate, 90: light diffusion layer, 91: hard coat layer, 92: uneven surface, 95: binder resin, 96: light diffusion material

Claims

1. A decorative laminate having a front side and a back side located opposite to the front side, the decorative laminate comprising a shaping layer and a light diffusing layer located closer to the front side than the shaping layer, the shaping layer having a shaping surface on which a relief structure is formed, the decorative laminate having at least one unit optical element that provides incident light with at least one optical action selected from reflection, refraction and diffraction in accordance with the relief structure, the shaping surface of the unit optical element including a plurality of inclined surfaces aligned in a direction toward a reference line extending along a normal direction of the decorative laminate and inclined toward the reference line, and a plurality of connecting surfaces connecting adjacent inclined surfaces, the angle of the inclined surfaces with respect to the normal direction being greater than the angle of the connecting surfaces connected to the inclined surfaces with respect to the normal direction, the light diffusing layer diffusing the incident light, A decorative laminate, in which the ratio G(85) / G(20), which is the ratio of the specular gloss G(85) at an incident angle of 85° on the front side of the decorative laminate to the specular gloss G(20) at an incident angle of 20° on the front side of the decorative laminate, is 2 or more and 30 or less.

2. The decorative laminate according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of inclined surfaces are lens surfaces, and the plurality of connecting surfaces are rise surfaces.

3. The decorative laminate according to claim 1, wherein the specular gloss G(60) at an incident angle of 60° on the front side of the decorative laminate is 70 or less.

4. The total light reflectance (R ＳＣＩ 2. The decorative laminate according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the surface area to the surface area is 10% or more.

5. The decorative laminate according to claim 1, wherein the light diffusion layer contains a binder resin and a light diffusion material dispersed in the binder resin.

6. The decorative laminate according to claim 1, wherein the light diffusion layer has an uneven surface that diffuses incident light.

7. The decorative laminate according to claim 1, further comprising a brightness adjusting layer disposed on the shaping surface side of the shaping layer.

8. The decorative laminate according to claim 7, wherein the brightness adjusting layer is a vapor deposition film.

9. A decorative laminate as described in claim 7, wherein the shaping surface of the shaping layer faces the rear side surface, and a second brightness adjustment layer is provided that is located closer to the rear side surface than the brightness adjustment layer and in contact with the brightness adjustment layer.

10. The decorative laminate according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of connecting surfaces are angled with respect to a normal direction of the decorative laminate.

11. The decorative laminate according to claim 1, further comprising a substrate located closer to the front side surface than the light diffusing layer.

12. A transfer sheet comprising: a decorative laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 10; and a transfer substrate laminated on the front surface side of the decorative laminate.

13. A decorative member comprising: a molded portion; and a decorative laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 11 covering at least a portion of the molded portion.

14. A moving object comprising a decorative laminate according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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