Thermal runaway gas treatment apparatus and method, airtightness test method for thermal runaway gas treatment apparatus, and energy storage device

Abstract

A thermal runaway gas treatment apparatus and method, an airtightness test method for the thermal runaway gas treatment apparatus, and an energy storage device. The thermal runaway gas treatment apparatus uses an alkali solution, an adsorbent medium, an organic solvent, a flame-retardant gas, an ignition apparatus, etc., to perform treatment on a thermal runaway gas. The problem of potential safety hazards caused by discharging a thermal runaway gas out of a housing of a battery is solved, and the safety of the battery is improved.

Description

Thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, treatment method, airtightness detection method for thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, and energy storage device Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery safety, and specifically relates to a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, a treatment method, an airtightness detection method for a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, and an energy storage device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy, energy storage technology has also developed. Due to the advantages of lithium batteries such as high energy, long service life, high rated voltage, high power tolerance and low self-discharge rate, they have gradually become the mainstream product of energy storage.

[0003] With the widespread adoption of lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, the safe use of lithium-ion batteries has also attracted attention. Factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating, and mechanical impact can cause the battery separator to collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway. This can ultimately lead to internal battery fires and, in severe cases, explosions, posing safety risks.

[0004] When a lithium battery experiences complete thermal runaway, its internal temperature reaches as high as 500-1000°C. The gases generated during thermal runaway increase the internal pressure of the battery, causing the battery casing to expand and rupture, ejecting the vaporized electrolyte and reaction gases from the battery, forming thermal runaway flue gas. This thermal runaway flue gas contains combustibles such as electrolyte, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, methane, and ethylene, and these combustibles make up a large proportion of the flue gas. When this flue gas is discharged from the battery casing, it can easily accumulate and cause combustion, posing a safety hazard. Furthermore, the reaction gases, which contain toxic gases such as HF, can also cause environmental pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, a treatment method, an airtightness detection method for the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, and an energy storage device, which are used to effectively treat thermal runaway flue gas to solve the safety hazard problem of thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery casing.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated after a battery thermal runaway. The present application provides the following different forms of thermal runaway flue gas treatment devices, each of which has a treatment tank filled with a different liquid treatment medium for treating the thermal runaway flue gas generated after a battery thermal runaway.

[0007] The present application provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one treatment tank, and the treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the treatment tank is filled with a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution for treating the thermal runaway flue gas generated by thermal runaway of the battery.

[0008] Furthermore, the alkaline solution in the treatment tank is a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0009] Furthermore, a breaking up component is provided in the processing tank for breaking up and diverting the thermal runaway flue gas entering the processing tank.

[0010] Furthermore, a first one-way valve is provided at the smoke inlet of the processing tank, a second one-way valve is provided at the smoke outlet, and a porous plate is further provided at the top of the cavity of the processing tank.

[0011] Furthermore, it also includes an adsorption pipeline connected to the flue gas outlet of the processing tank, and the adsorption pipeline is filled with adsorption medium.

[0012] The present application also provides a method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, the method comprising:

[0013] The thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway is transported to a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution to treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0014] Furthermore, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.1-0.2 mol / L.

[0015] Furthermore, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.1 mol / L.

[0016] Furthermore, the alkaline solution is a NaOH solution.

[0017] Furthermore, the method also includes a process of transporting the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution to an adsorption medium for treatment.

[0018] Furthermore, the adsorption medium is activated carbon.

[0019] Furthermore, in the method, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery with a capacity of C1AH is treated with at least (0.05×C1)L of alkaline solution and (32×C1)g of adsorption medium.

[0020] The present application provides another thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one treatment tank and an ignition unit; the treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the treatment tank is filled with a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution for treating the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway; the ignition unit is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated with the alkaline solution.

[0021] Furthermore, the alkaline solution in the treatment tank is a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0022] Furthermore, a breaking up component is provided in the treatment tank for breaking up and diverting the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank. A first one-way valve is provided at the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank, a second one-way valve is provided at the flue gas outlet, and a porous plate is also provided at the top of the cavity of the treatment tank.

[0023] Furthermore, the ignition unit includes a flue gas pipeline and at least one set of ignition components, and the flue gas pipeline is connected to the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank; the ignition component includes an exhaust pipe and an igniter, and the exhaust pipe is connected to the flue gas pipeline, and the igniter is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe.

[0024] Furthermore, it also includes an adsorption pipeline connected between the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank and the flue gas pipeline inlet, and the adsorption pipeline is filled with adsorption medium.

[0025] The present application provides another method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, the method comprising:

[0026] The thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery is transported to a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution treats the thermal runaway flue gas; the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution is ignited.

[0027] Furthermore, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.1-0.2 mol / L.

[0028] Furthermore, the concentration of the alkaline solution is 0.1 mol / L.

[0029] Furthermore, the alkaline solution is a NaOH solution.

[0030] Furthermore, the method also includes a process of transporting the thermal runaway flue gas treated with an alkaline solution to an adsorption medium for treatment, and igniting the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the adsorption medium.

[0031] Furthermore, the adsorption medium is activated carbon.

[0032] The present application provides another thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes a first treatment device and a second treatment device. The first treatment device includes at least one first treatment tank, which is provided with a first flue gas inlet and a first flue gas outlet; the first treatment tank is filled with an organic solvent for treating the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the organic solvent is an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent; the second treatment device is connected to the first treatment device, and includes at least one second treatment tank, which is provided with a second flue gas inlet and a second flue gas outlet; the second treatment tank is filled with an adsorption medium for treating the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the first treatment device.

[0033] Furthermore, the ester solvent is methyl salicylate solvent or diethyl phthalate solvent, and the alcohol solvent is isoamyl alcohol solvent, benzyl alcohol solvent, isobutanol solvent or isooctyl alcohol solvent.

[0034] Furthermore, the ester solvent is diethyl phthalate solvent, and the alcohol solvent is isoamyl alcohol solvent.

[0035] Furthermore, a breaking up component is provided in the first treatment tank for breaking up and diverting the thermal runaway flue gas entering the first treatment tank.

[0036] Furthermore, the first flue gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the first processing tank, and a first one-way valve is provided at the first flue gas inlet.

[0037] Furthermore, a porous plate is provided on the top of the cavity of the first processing tank.

[0038] Furthermore, the adsorption medium is activated carbon.

[0039] The present application provides another method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, the method comprising:

[0040] The thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery is transported into an organic solvent, and the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas is treated by using the principle of like dissolves like; the organic solvent is at least one of an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent;

[0041] The thermal runaway flue gas treated with organic solvent is transported to the adsorption medium for treatment.

[0042] Furthermore, the ester solvent is methyl salicylate solvent or diethyl phthalate solvent, and the alcohol solvent is isoamyl alcohol solvent, benzyl alcohol solvent, isobutanol solvent or isooctyl alcohol solvent.

[0043] Furthermore, the ester solvent is diethyl phthalate solvent, and the alcohol solvent is isoamyl alcohol solvent.

[0044] Furthermore, the adsorption medium is activated carbon.

[0045] The present application provides another thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes a liquid treatment device and a gas generating device; the liquid treatment device includes at least one treatment tank, the treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet connected to its inner cavity, and the treatment tank is filled with a liquid treatment medium, which is mainly used to treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas; the gas generating device is used to generate flame-retardant gas, and mix the flame-retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device and then discharge them.

[0046] Furthermore, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution.

[0047] Furthermore, the alkaline solution is a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0048] Furthermore, a three-way valve is provided on the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank, the first port of the three-way valve is connected to the inner cavity of the treatment tank, the third port is used to inject liquid treatment medium, and the second port is used to discharge thermal runaway flue gas.

[0049] Furthermore, the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are both arranged at the top of the treatment tank, the flue gas inlet is connected to a smoke inlet pipe, at least a portion of the smoke inlet pipe can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium, and a diversion part is provided at the end of the smoke inlet pipe immersed in the liquid treatment medium.

[0050] Furthermore, a spiral baffle is provided on the smoke inlet pipe or a plurality of baffles are provided on the smoke inlet pipe to increase the distance that the thermal runaway flue gas passes through in the treatment tank.

[0051] Furthermore, the gas generating device includes at least one gas generating tank; the gas generating tank includes a first tank body, a second tank body and a flue gas pipeline; the first tank body is provided with a gas outlet connected to its inner cavity; the second tank body is arranged in the first tank body, and the second tank body is provided with an opening, and an isolation piece is installed on the opening; the inlet of the flue gas pipeline extends to the outside of the first tank body and is provided with a one-way valve, and the outlet of the flue gas pipeline is connected to the inner cavity of the second tank body for transporting the thermal runaway flue gas into the second tank body; the first tank body contains a first reaction medium, and the second tank body contains a second reaction medium. The isolation piece is opened after the pressure in the second tank body reaches a set value, and the first reaction medium and the second reaction medium contact and react to generate flame-retardant gas, which is mixed with the thermal runaway flue gas and discharged through the gas outlet on the first tank body.

[0052] Furthermore, a mixing structure is provided in the first tank body, and the mixing structure is a plurality of baffles fixed on the inner wall of the first tank body, and a filter is provided below the mixing structure.

[0053] Furthermore, the flame-retardant gas is carbon dioxide, the first reaction medium is water, and the second reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate and aluminum sulfate solid.

[0054] Furthermore, the second tank body is a cylindrical structure with an open bottom, the open end of which is fixed to the bottom plate of the first tank body, the gas outlet is arranged on the top of the first tank body, the isolation member is arranged on the top of the second tank body, and the isolation member is an isolation membrane.

[0055] The present application provides another thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one treatment tank; the treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet connected to its inner cavity, and the treatment tank is filled with solid alkali; the treatment tank is connected to a liquid inlet pipeline, which is used to introduce external water into the treatment tank, and the solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by water to form an alkaline solution, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0056] Furthermore, a control valve and a flow meter are provided on the liquid inlet pipeline.

[0057] Furthermore, the solid base is solid sodium hydroxide, and the ratio of solid sodium hydroxide to water is 2g to 10g of solid sodium hydroxide dissolved in 1L of water.

[0058] Furthermore, the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are both arranged at the top of the treatment tank, the flue gas inlet is connected to a smoke inlet pipe, at least a portion of the smoke inlet pipe can be immersed in the alkaline solution, and a diversion part is provided at the end of the smoke inlet pipe immersed in the alkaline solution.

[0059] Furthermore, a spiral baffle is provided on the smoke inlet pipe or a plurality of baffles are provided on the smoke inlet pipe to increase the distance that the thermal runaway flue gas passes through in the treatment tank.

[0060] Furthermore, there are multiple processing tanks, and a three-way valve is provided on the flue gas outlet of each processing tank. The first port of the three-way valve is connected to the inner cavity of the processing tank, the second port is used to discharge the thermal runaway flue gas, and the third port is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline. Each liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the manifold.

[0061] Furthermore, there are multiple processing tanks, and the liquid inlet pipeline of each processing tank is arranged on the side wall of the tank body of the processing tank, and each liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the manifold.

[0062] The present application also provides an energy storage device, which includes multiple battery modules, a temperature control system, a fire protection system, and any of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment devices described above.

[0063] Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the fire fighting pipeline of the fire fighting system, and the liquid inlet pipeline introduces the fire fighting water in the fire fighting pipeline into the treatment tank, and the solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by the fire fighting water to form an alkaline solution.

[0064] Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the temperature control pipeline of the temperature control system, and the liquid inlet pipeline introduces the cooling water in the temperature control pipeline into the treatment tank, and the solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkaline solution.

[0065] Furthermore, the liquid inlet pipeline is used to be connected to the liquid inlet pipeline in the temperature control pipeline.

[0066] The present application provides another thermal runaway flue gas treatment device to solve the problem of unsatisfactory treatment effect of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes a treatment tank connected to the thermal runaway flue gas discharge port of the battery and a stirring assembly. The treatment tank is filled with a liquid treatment medium; the stirring assembly begins to rotate under the action of the thermal runaway flue gas to stir the liquid treatment medium, so that the liquid treatment medium fully absorbs the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0067] Furthermore, the above-mentioned stirring assembly includes a driving wheel, a stirring shaft and a nozzle; the driving wheel is fixedly connected to the stirring shaft, the outer wall of the driving wheel is evenly distributed with multiple blades along the circumferential direction, and the stirring shaft is provided with spiral blades; one end of the nozzle is connected to the battery thermal runaway smoke exhaust port, and the other end is used to spray the thermal runaway smoke onto the blades of the driving wheel, thereby driving the stirring shaft to rotate.

[0068] Furthermore, a horizontal partition is sealed in the above-mentioned processing tank, which divides the processing tank into a liquid adsorption chamber and a gas temporary storage chamber; the nozzle and the driving wheel are both arranged in the gas temporary storage chamber, and the stirring shaft is located in the liquid adsorption chamber; at least one one-way valve is provided on the horizontal partition, which allows the gas in the gas temporary storage chamber to be transferred to the adsorption chamber.

[0069] Furthermore, the diameter of the nozzle gradually decreases along the flow direction of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0070] Furthermore, a copper powder sintered filter element is provided at the port of the one-way valve facing the liquid medium cavity.

[0071] Furthermore, the liquid treatment medium includes one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a combustible gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent.

[0072] Furthermore, it also includes a collecting bag; the collecting bag is connected to the processing tank.

[0073] Furthermore, the adsorption device further includes an ignition assembly; the ignition assembly is connected to the processing tank.

[0074] The present application provides another thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which mainly solves the problem that the treatment tank in the existing thermal runaway flue gas treatment device needs to be pressurized twice for leak detection during the air tightness test, and that the liquid treatment medium is mixed during the second pressurization leak detection. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes N treatment tanks connected in series, where N is greater than or equal to 2; the treatment tank has a receiving cavity filled with liquid treatment medium, and the treatment tank is provided with a smoke inlet and a smoke outlet connected to the receiving cavity; one of the smoke inlet and the smoke outlet is connected to an intermediate pipeline, and the other is connected to a three-way valve, the first port of the three-way valve is connected to the receiving cavity, and the third port is used to inject the liquid treatment medium, and the second port on the Mth treatment tank is used to connect to the intermediate pipeline of the M+1th treatment tank, 1≤M<N.

[0075] Furthermore, the smoke inlet and the smoke outlet are both arranged on the top of the treatment tank, the smoke inlet is connected to an air inlet pipe located in the accommodating cavity, and at least a portion of the air inlet pipe can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium.

[0076] Furthermore, a diversion portion is provided at one end of the air inlet pipe immersed in the liquid treatment medium.

[0077] Furthermore, the diversion portion is a foam copper column.

[0078] Furthermore, a spiral baffle is provided on the air intake pipe to increase the distance that the thermal runaway flue gas passes through in the accommodating cavity.

[0079] Furthermore, a plurality of baffles are provided on the air inlet pipe to increase the distance that the thermal runaway flue gas passes through in the accommodating cavity.

[0080] Furthermore, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution.

[0081] Furthermore, the liquid treatment medium is a 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0082] Furthermore, the intermediate pipeline is a metal bellows, and the intermediate pipeline is welded to the processing tank.

[0083] The present application also provides an air tightness detection method based on the above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes the following process:

[0084] S1. Connect an air pump to the middle pipe of the first treatment tank in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, and install a plug on the middle pipe of the last treatment tank;

[0085] S2, open the second ports of the three-way valves on all treatment tanks and close the third ports;

[0086] S3. Turn on the air pump and perform air tightness test on each processing tank;

[0087] S4. After the air tightness test is passed, the second port on each processing tank is closed, the third port is opened, and the liquid processing medium is injected into the processing tank;

[0088] S5. After the liquid treatment medium is injected into each treatment tank, the second port on each treatment tank is opened and the third port is closed.

[0089] Compared with the existing technology, the technical solution of this application has the following advantages:

[0090] 1. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution. The alkaline solution of this concentration can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced, thereby solving the safety hazard problem of the thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery casing.

[0091] 2. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the thermal runaway flue gas has a significant effect after being treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mol / L, and the best effect is achieved after being treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L.

[0092] 3. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application also includes a process of transporting the thermal runaway flue gas treated with an alkaline solution to an adsorption medium for treatment. The thermal runaway flue gas is treated with a combination of an alkaline solution and an adsorption medium so that the treated gas is non-flammable and harmless and can be directly discharged.

[0093] 4. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively good treatment effect.

[0094] 5. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by a battery with a capacity of C1AH is treated with at least (0.05×C1)L of alkaline solution and (32×C1)g of adsorption medium. This corresponding relationship can use the minimum usage to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the corresponding AH battery, minimizing the treatment cost.

[0095] 6. The present application also provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, in which the treatment tank is filled with an alkaline solution of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L. The alkaline solution of this concentration can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The amount of the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced, thereby solving the safety hazard problem of the thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery casing.

[0096] 7. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a breaking-up component is provided in the treatment tank, which is used to break up and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the alkaline solution, thereby further improving the treatment effect of the alkaline solution.

[0097] 8. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this application, a first one-way valve is installed at the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank to prevent the backflow of the alkaline solution within the treatment tank. At the same time, a second one-way valve is installed at the flue gas outlet to prevent the alkaline solution from volatilizing and affecting the treatment effect.

[0098] 9. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a porous plate is also provided on the top of the cavity of the treatment tank, and the porous plate is used to place the adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution, it will carry part of the alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the porous plate, so that the gas discharged from the treatment tank is safer.

[0099] 10. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application also includes an adsorption pipeline connected to the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank. The treatment tank and the adsorption pipeline treat the thermal runaway flue gas through a combination of alkaline solution and adsorption medium, so that the treated gas is non-flammable and harmless and can be discharged directly.

[0100] 11. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution for treatment, and then the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution is ignited. The alkaline solution of the above concentration can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also the alkaline solution of this concentration can treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The amount of the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced, and the combustible gas in the remaining gas is subsequently ignited, making the treated gas non-flammable and harmless, thereby solving the safety hazards and pollution problems of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the battery casing.

[0101] 12. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the thermal runaway flue gas has a significant effect after being treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mol / L, and the best effect is achieved after being treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L.

[0102] 13. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application also includes a process of transporting the thermal runaway flue gas treated with an alkaline solution to an adsorption medium for treatment. The adsorption medium treats part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that the subsequent use of a smaller number of ignition components can achieve complete treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0103] 14. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively good treatment effect.

[0104] 15. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application treats the thermal runaway flue gas with an alkaline solution of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L, and then ignites the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution. The alkaline solution of the above concentration can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also the alkaline solution of this concentration can treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The amount of the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced, and the combustible gas in the remaining gas is then ignited, making the treated gas non-flammable and harmless, thereby solving the safety hazards and pollution problems of the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the battery casing.

[0105] 16. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a breaking-up component is provided in the treatment tank, which is used to break up and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the alkaline solution, thereby further improving the treatment effect of the alkaline solution.

[0106] 17. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this application, a first one-way valve is installed at the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank to prevent the backflow of the alkaline solution within the treatment tank. Simultaneously, a second one-way valve is installed at the flue gas outlet to prevent the alkaline solution from volatilizing and affecting the treatment effect.

[0107] 18. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a porous plate is also provided on the top of the cavity of the treatment tank, and the porous plate is used to place the adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution, it will carry part of the alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the porous plate, so that the gas discharged from the treatment tank is safer.

[0108] 19. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application also includes an adsorption pipeline connected between the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank and the flue gas pipeline inlet. The adsorption medium treats part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that the subsequent use of a smaller number of ignition components can achieve complete treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0109] 20. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to an organic solvent. According to the principle of like dissolves like, the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, and at the same time can prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The amount of gas in the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the organic solvent is greatly reduced. Subsequently, the remaining gas in the thermal runaway flue gas is fully treated by the subsequent adsorption medium. This combined treatment method can treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas separately. The amount of the treated gas is greatly reduced. At the same time, it is harmless and can be discharged directly, solving the safety hazard problem of thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery shell.

[0110] 21. In the present invention's method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, methyl salicylate and diethyl phthalate are selected as ester solvents, which have relatively significant treatment effects. Isoamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isooctyl alcohol are selected as alcohol solvents, which have relatively significant treatment effects. Diethyl phthalate and isoamyl alcohol are found to be the most effective.

[0111] 22. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment method of the present application, the adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively good treatment effect.

[0112] 23. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application includes a first treatment device and a second treatment device. The first treatment tank of the first treatment device is filled with an organic solvent. The organic solvent can not only treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, but also prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The remaining gas in the thermal runaway flue gas is fully treated by the adsorption medium in the second treatment device. This combined treatment method can treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas separately. The amount of gas after treatment is greatly reduced. At the same time, it is harmless and can be discharged directly, solving the safety hazard problem of thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery shell.

[0113] 24. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this application, the second treatment tank is a long, narrow pipe filled with an adsorption medium. This elongated pipe extends the adsorption path of the adsorption medium, allowing the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact and react with the adsorption medium in the long, narrow pipe. Furthermore, this second treatment tank structure also serves as a flue gas transport pipeline, conveying the thermal runaway flue gas from the energy storage box to the outside of the box.

[0114] 25. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a breaking-up component is provided in the first treatment tank, which is used to break up and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the first treatment tank, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the organic solvent, thereby further improving the treatment effect of the organic solvent.

[0115] 26. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the first flue gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the first treatment tank to allow the organic solvent to fully contact the thermal runaway flue gas, further improving the treatment effect. A first one-way valve is provided at the first flue gas inlet, which prevents the organic solvent in the first treatment tank from flowing back.

[0116] 27. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a porous plate is also provided on the top of the cavity of the first treatment tank, and the porous plate is used to place the adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the organic solvent, it will carry part of the organic solvent, and the organic solvent can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the porous plate, so that the gas discharged from the first treatment tank is safer.

[0117] 28. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application includes a liquid treatment device and a gas generating device. The liquid treatment device is mainly used to treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the amount of combustible gas. Subsequently, the gas generating device generates a flame-retardant gas, and mixes the flame-retardant gas with the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device and then discharges the mixture. The proportion of combustible gas in the discharged mixed gas is greatly reduced, and it is difficult to burn or explode after contacting with air, thereby solving the safety hazard problem of thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery shell.

[0118] 29. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this application, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution. This alkaline solution not only fully treats the electrolyte carried by the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from further decomposing and producing combustible gases, but also treats part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. After treatment with the alkaline solution, the gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is significantly reduced. Among them, a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution has a particularly good treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas.

[0119] 30. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a three-way valve is provided on the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank. The three-way valve can be used to fill the liquid treatment medium after the air tightness test of the treatment tank is completed. There is no need to conduct a secondary air tightness test on the treatment tank, thereby improving the assembly efficiency of the liquid treatment device.

[0120] 31. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the flue gas inlet and outlet on the treatment tank are both located at the top of the treatment tank, which improves the connectivity of the entire device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. At the same time, a smoke inlet pipeline is provided in the treatment tank, at least a portion of which can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact the liquid treatment medium. At the same time, a diversion part is provided at one end of the smoke inlet pipeline immersed in the liquid treatment medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank, the diversion part breaks up and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas before reacting with the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium can be more fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium and making the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas more thorough.

[0121] 32. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a spiral baffle or multiple deflectors are provided on the smoke inlet pipe. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank, the spiral baffle or multiple deflectors increase the stroke of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can more fully contact and react with the liquid treatment medium, further improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0122] 33. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device passes through the inner cavity of the second tank body, the isolation piece on the second tank body is opened, and the first reaction medium in the first tank body contacts and reacts with the second reaction medium in the second tank body to generate flame-retardant gas. This gas generating device can generate flame-retardant gas in time when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through, and can fully mix the flame-retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas and then discharge them. At the same time, a one-way valve is provided at the inlet of the flue gas pipeline. The one-way valve can hold back the thermal runaway flue gas in the second tank body so that the thermal runaway flue gas can smoothly open the isolation piece on the second tank body. At the same time, the one-way valve can also prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from flowing back into the liquid treatment device and affecting the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment device.

[0123] 34. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this application, a mixing structure is provided within the first tank. This mixing structure comprises multiple baffles fixed to the inner wall of the first tank. These baffles increase the path of the flame-retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas, further uniformly mixing them and reducing the probability of combustion due to excessive local concentrations of combustible gas in the mixed gas. Furthermore, a filter is provided below the mixing structure to filter out impurities such as solid matter from the flame-retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent clogging of the gas outlet of the first tank.

[0124] 35. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this application, the flame retardant gas is carbon dioxide, which is easy to produce and has good flame retardant effect. At the same time, the carbon dioxide is obtained by reacting water, sodium bicarbonate and aluminum sulfate solids, which are easy to fill.

[0125] 36. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided in the present application has a liquid inlet pipeline reserved on the treatment tank, which is used to introduce external water into the treatment tank before the battery is about to experience thermal runaway. The solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by the external water to form an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution treats the thermal runaway flue gas. When the battery is working normally, only solid alkali is placed in the treatment tank, and the corrosive damage of the solid alkali to the treatment tank is relatively small. Therefore, the material requirements for the treatment tank are not high, and the production cost of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is relatively low. At the same time, since only solid alkali is placed in the treatment tank, the weight of the entire treatment tank is relatively small, and the treatment tank is very easy to install and disassemble when the energy storage equipment is assembled and repaired. When the battery is about to experience thermal runaway, the liquid inlet pipeline will introduce external water into the treatment tank to form an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution formed at this time will not precipitate or the like, and the treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas is better.

[0126] 37. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this application, a control valve is installed on the liquid inlet pipeline. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, the control valve opens, immediately connecting the liquid inlet pipeline with an external pipeline filled with water, promptly introducing water from the external pipeline into the treatment tank to form an alkaline solution, thereby enabling timely treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, a flow meter is also installed on the liquid inlet pipeline to control the volume of water entering the treatment tank, so that the alkaline solution in the treatment tank forms a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution. This concentration of alkaline solution is more effective in treating thermal runaway flue gas.

[0127] 38. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the solid alkali is solid sodium hydroxide, which is dissolved by external water to form a NaOH solution. The NaOH solution can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, but also the NaOH solution can treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment with the NaOH solution is greatly reduced.

[0128] 39. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the flue gas inlet and outlet on the treatment tank are both located at the top of the treatment tank, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. At the same time, a smoke inlet pipeline is provided in the treatment tank, at least a portion of which can be immersed in an alkaline solution, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact the alkaline solution. At the same time, a diversion portion is provided at one end of the smoke inlet pipeline immersed in the alkaline solution. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank, the diversion portion breaks up and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas before reacting with the alkaline solution in the treatment tank, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can more fully contact and react with the alkaline solution, thereby improving the treatment effect of the alkaline solution and making the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas more thorough.

[0129] 40. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a spiral baffle or multiple deflectors are provided on the smoke inlet pipe. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank, the spiral baffle or multiple deflectors increase the stroke of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can more fully contact and react with the alkaline solution, further improving the treatment effect of the alkaline solution.

[0130] 41. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the treatment tank is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline through a three-way valve. This method does not require any structural changes to the existing treatment tank. It only requires the installation of a three-way valve on the flue gas outlet, which can reduce the production cost of the treatment tank.

[0131] 42. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of this application, the liquid inlet pipeline is used to connect to the firefighting pipeline or temperature control pipeline, thereby introducing the firefighting water and cooling water in the firefighting pipeline or temperature control pipeline into the treatment tank to form an alkaline solution. The firefighting pipeline or temperature control pipeline is already existing in the energy storage device or at the energy storage device usage site. Connecting the liquid inlet pipeline to the firefighting pipeline or temperature control pipeline eliminates the need for an additional liquid inlet pipeline, making the entire pipeline connection more convenient and further reducing the production cost of the energy storage device.

[0132] 43. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline in the temperature control pipeline. The cooling water in the liquid inlet pipeline has a lower temperature after cooling. After it is introduced into the treatment tank to form an alkaline solution, the temperature of the alkaline solution is also relatively low. The alkaline solution with a lower temperature can better cool the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the temperature of the treated thermal runaway flue gas is lower, reducing the possibility of combustion after it is discharged.

[0133] 44. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the stirring component in the treatment tank of the adsorption device begins to rotate under the action of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank can fully adsorb the thermal runaway flue gas. Compared with the existing adsorption device, the adsorption effect of the thermal runaway flue gas is effectively improved.

[0134] 45. The stirring assembly provided in the present application is composed of a driving wheel, a stirring shaft and a nozzle. The nozzle sprays the thermal runaway flue gas onto the driving wheel, and the driving wheel drives the stirring shaft to rotate. The stirring device does not require other driving devices, so the structure is simpler and lower in cost, and the degree of rotation of the stirring shaft is positively correlated with the amount of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0135] 46. ​​The nozzle of the present application gradually becomes smaller in diameter along the flow direction of the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby increasing the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas ejected from the nozzle and improving the driving force of the stirring device.

[0136] 47. The port of the one-way valve of the present application facing the liquid medium cavity is provided with a copper powder sintered filter element, which can disperse the thermal runaway flue gas entering the liquid adsorption cavity, and can further enhance the adsorption effect of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0137] 48. The adsorption device of the present application also includes a collection bag, which is connected to the treatment tank and can collect a small amount of flue gas that has not been completely adsorbed in the treatment tank, thereby avoiding the problem of thermal runaway flue gas being discharged into the external environment and causing pollution to the external environment.

[0138] 49. The adsorption device of the present application also includes an ignition component, which is connected to the processing tank and can ignite a small amount of flue gas that has not been completely adsorbed in the processing tank, thereby avoiding the problem of thermal runaway flue gas being discharged into the external environment and causing pollution to the external environment.

[0139] 50. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a three-way valve is installed at the flue gas inlet or the flue gas outlet of each treatment tank. When each treatment tank is pressure-tested for leaks, the three-way valve closes the third port and opens the second port to perform pressure-tested leaks and air tightness tests on each treatment tank and the intermediate pipelines between the treatment tanks. After the air tightness test is completed, the second port is closed and the third port is opened, and the liquid treatment medium can be injected through the third port. After the injection is completed, there is no need to perform a secondary pressure-tested leak test, which greatly improves the efficiency of the air tightness test and avoids the problem of cross-flow mixing of the liquid treatment medium during the secondary pressure-tested leak.

[0140] 51. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the flue gas inlet and outlet on the treatment tank are both located at the top of the treatment tank. The flue gas outlet is located at the top of the treatment tank to facilitate the discharge of the treated thermal runaway flue gas. The flue gas inlet is located at the top of the treatment tank, and each treatment tank only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. At the same time, an air inlet pipe is provided in the treatment tank, at least a portion of which can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium, so that when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank, the thermal runaway flue gas fully contacts the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank, and the liquid treatment medium fully treats the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0141] 52. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a diversion part is provided at one end of the air inlet pipe immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diversion part breaks up and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas and then reacts with the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium are more fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium and making the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas more thorough.

[0142] 53. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the diversion part is a foam copper column, which is easy to install and has a good diversion effect.

[0143] 54. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, a spiral baffle or multiple deflectors are provided on the air inlet pipe. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank, the spiral baffle or multiple deflectors increase the stroke of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can more fully contact and react with the liquid treatment medium, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium.

[0144] 55. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the treatment tank is filled with an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution can not only fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also the alkaline solution can treat part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment with the alkaline solution is greatly reduced.

[0145] 56. In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the present application, the thermal runaway flue gas has a significant effect after being treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 mol / L, and the best effect is achieved after being treated with an alkaline solution with a concentration of 0.1 mol / L. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0146] FIG1 is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 3;

[0147] FIG2 is a second structural diagram of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 3;

[0148] FIG3 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 4;

[0149] FIG4 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 7;

[0150] FIG5 is a schematic structural diagram of a treatment tank in Example 7;

[0151] FIG6 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 8;

[0152] FIG7 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 10;

[0153] FIG8 is a schematic structural diagram of the first treatment tank in Example 10;

[0154] FIG9 is a cross-sectional view of the first processing tank in Example 10;

[0155] FIG10 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 11;

[0156] FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an explosion of a treatment tank in Example 11;

[0157] FIG12 is a cross-sectional view of the processing tank in Example 11;

[0158] FIG13 is a cross-sectional view of the treatment tank (including a spiral baffle) in Example 11;

[0159] FIG14 is a cross-sectional view of the treatment tank (including baffles) in Example 11;

[0160] FIG15 is a cross-sectional view of the gas generating tank in Example 11;

[0161] FIG16 is a cross-sectional view of the gas generating tank (including the mixing structure) in Example 11;

[0162] FIG17 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 12;

[0163] FIG18 is an exploded view of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 12;

[0164] FIG19 is a cross-sectional view of the treatment tank (with the liquid inlet pipeline omitted) in Example 12;

[0165] FIG20 is a cross-sectional view of a treatment tank (including a spiral baffle) in Example 12;

[0166] FIG21 is a cross-sectional view of a treatment tank (including baffles) in Example 12;

[0167] FIG22 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 13;

[0168] FIG23 is an external view of the adsorption device in Example 15;

[0169] FIG24 is a cross-sectional view of FIG23 taken along a first direction;

[0170] FIG25 is a cross-sectional view of FIG23 taken along a second direction;

[0171] FIG26 is a schematic structural diagram of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 16;

[0172] Figure 27 is a schematic structural diagram of the treatment tank in Example 16;

[0173] FIG28 is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the processing tank in Example 16;

[0174] FIG29 is a first cross-sectional view of the processing tank in Example 16;

[0175] FIG30 is a second cross-sectional view of the processing tank in Example 16;

[0176] FIG31 is a schematic diagram of the pressure testing for leaks in each processing tank in Example 16.

[0177] Figure 1: 11-processing tank, 12-adsorption pipeline, 111-cylinder, 112-end cover, 113-flue gas inlet, 114-flue gas outlet, 115-dispersing assembly, 116-first one-way valve, 117-second one-way valve, 118-porous plate, 21-processing tank, 22-ignition unit, 23-adsorption pipeline, 211-cylinder, 212-end cover, 213-flue gas inlet, 214-flue gas outlet, 215-dispersing assembly, 216-first one-way valve, 217-second one-way valve, 218-porous plate, 221-flue gas pipeline, 222-exhaust pipe, 223-igniter, 224-trigger, 2 25-flame arrester, 31-first processing tank, 32-second processing tank, 311-cylinder, 312-end cover, 313-first flue gas inlet, 314-first flue gas outlet, 315-disintegration assembly, 316-first one-way valve, 317-porous plate, 321-second flue gas inlet, 322-second flue gas outlet, 41-liquid treatment device, 42-gas generating tank, 411-processing tank, 412-three-way valve, 413-flue gas inlet, 414-flue gas outlet, 415-flue gas inlet pipe, 416-diversion part, 417-spiral baffle, 418-baffle, 419-connecting pipe, 4121-first port , 4122-second port, 4123-third port, 421-first tank body, 422-second tank body, 423-flue gas pipeline, 424-mixing structure, 425-one-way valve, 426-filter, 4211-gas outlet, 4221-opening, 4222-isolator, 51-processing tank, 52-control valve, 53-flow meter, 54-manifold, 55-three-way valve, 511-flue gas inlet, 512-flue gas outlet, 513-liquid inlet pipeline, 514-connecting pipeline, 515-smoke inlet pipeline, 516-diversion part, 517-spiral baffle, 518-baffle, 61-processing tank, 611- Liquid adsorption chamber, 612-gas temporary storage chamber, 62-stirring assembly, 621-driving wheel, 6211-blade, 622-stirring shaft, 6221-spiral blade, 623-nozzle, 63-horizontal partition, 64-check valve, 65-oil seal, 66-copper powder sintered filter element, 71-processing tank, 72-intermediate pipeline, 73-three-way valve, 74-air pump, 75-plug, 711-accommodation chamber, 712-flue gas inlet, 713-flue gas outlet, 714-inlet pipe, 715-diversion part, 716-spiral baffle, 717-baffle, 731-first port, 732-second port, 733-third port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0178] To make the above-mentioned purposes, features, and advantages of this application more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the specific embodiments of this application is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in this field without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0179] The phrases "in other embodiments" appearing in various places in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor do they refer to separate or selective embodiments that are mutually exclusive with other embodiments. In this specification, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features being referred to. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0180] In this specification, unless otherwise specified or limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can mean a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate component, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this application based on specific circumstances.

[0181] At the same time, in the description of this application, it should be noted that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "top, bottom, inside and outside" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on this application.

[0182] Existing energy storage devices generally include an energy storage cabinet and multiple battery modules housed within it. These modules can be constructed using existing cylindrical or prismatic battery cells connected in series or parallel, or they can be large-capacity batteries constructed using existing single-cell batteries. These battery modules are prone to thermal runaway during use, overcharge, overdischarge, or mechanical impact.

[0183] Research shows that when a lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway, a series of chemical reactions occur inside it, releasing large amounts of heat and gas. These reactions include: SEI film decomposition (90-120°C), reaction between the negative electrode and the electrolyte (100-350°C), electrolyte decomposition (110-300°C), separator shrinkage and melting (>130°C), reaction between the positive electrode and the electrolyte (200-300°C), and binder decomposition (200-300°C). These reactions do not occur in a fixed order, nor do they proceed independently.

[0184] When the battery temperature is around 90-120℃, the SEI film decomposes first, releasing heat and producing gases such as C2H4, CO2 and O2. As the temperature continues to rise, when the battery temperature is around 120℃, the negative electrode surface has lost the protection of the SEI film, and the embedded lithium reacts with the organic solvents of the electrolyte such as ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), producing C x H y Gas. At temperatures between 110°C and 300°C, the electrolyte and the electrolyte solution itself undergo a series of decomposition reactions, producing some fluoride. As the temperature continues to rise, the positive electrode material begins to decompose and produce O2. The O2 produced by the decomposition of the positive electrode material reacts with the solvent in the electrolyte: at high O2 concentrations, the reaction produces CO2; at low O2 concentrations, the reaction produces CO. When the battery temperature exceeds 235°C, the binder polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) reacts with lithium and self-decomposes.

[0185] From the above process, it can be seen that when the battery is in thermal runaway, the exhaust gas mainly includes the following components: vaporized electrolyte, CO2, CO, H2, C x H y 、C x H y O z 、C x H y F, POF3 and HF, etc. The thermal runaway flue gas contains not only hydrogen, CO, CO2, methane and other gases, but also a large amount of electrolyte vapor. The vaporized electrolyte will not only react with the positive or negative electrode sheets in the battery cavity, but will also undergo a series of decomposition reactions itself, and continue to produce a large amount of harmful gases and flammable gases.

[0186] The present application provides a method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, which mainly passes the thermal runaway flue gas through an alkaline solution of a certain concentration. The alkaline solution treats the vaporized electrolyte and part of the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, not only hydrolyzing the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose, but also treating part of the counter-gas. The gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution of this concentration is greatly reduced, thereby solving the safety hazard problem of the thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery casing.

[0187] Example 1

[0188] The thermal runaway flue gas of lithium-ion battery mainly includes vaporized electrolyte and CO2, CO, H2, C x H y 、C x H y Oz 、C x H y F, POF3 and HF and other reaction gases. The alkaline solution in this embodiment can cool the thermal runaway flue gas, fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkaline solution, and react with the alkaline solution. A certain concentration of alkaline solution is used to react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, and treating the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. In addition, the alkaline solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0189] At the same time, for alkaline solutions, generally the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solutions. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or above. Therefore, the key to the method of the present application is to overcome the prejudice of the prior art and use a low-concentration alkaline solution to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0190] Based on this, this embodiment provides a method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, which includes the following process: transporting the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway to a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution to treat the thermal runaway flue gas to reduce the safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0191] The above-mentioned alkaline solution can specifically be a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF.

[0192] The following uses NaOH solution as an example of an alkaline solution to conduct a large number of battery thermal runaway tests. After horizontally comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was the smallest after being treated with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the effect was significant after being treated with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the best effect after being treated with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0193] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3 and acidic substances such as HF in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR+NaOH=RCOONa+CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O; subsequently, CO2 will also react: Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3+2NaOH=NaPF2O2+NaF+H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH+HF=NaF+H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced, and the subsequent treatment cost is greatly reduced.

[0194] Table 1 Unprocessed fully charged 32650 battery out of control data

[0195] Table 2 Treatment results of different concentrations of NaOH solution

[0196] Based on the above test data, the collected gas volume from a fully charged 32650 battery after thermal runaway is 4L when untreated. When the gas is passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher, the collected gas volume is generally greater than 2L, indicating unsatisfactory treatment results. After passing the gas through a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the gas volume is relatively small, generally below 2L. Treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH produces significant results, and treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH produces the smallest collected gas volume, only approximately 1L, achieving the best results. Therefore, a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution is highly effective in treating thermal runaway gas from batteries.

[0197] Example 2

[0198] As described in Example 1, an alkaline solution of a certain concentration can effectively treat thermal runaway flue gas, significantly reducing the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas. On this basis, this embodiment further treats the residual gas after the above treatment through an adsorption medium, making the treated gas completely non-flammable and capable of being directly discharged, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system.

[0199] The thermal runaway flue gas treatment method provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0200] 1. Transport the thermal runaway flue gas into a 0.05-0.5 mol alkaline solution for treatment;

[0201] The alkaline solution is specifically a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF;

[0202] 2. Treating the thermal runaway flue gas after alkaline solution treatment through an adsorption medium;

[0203] In this process, the remaining thermal runaway flue gas after the alkaline solution treatment is adsorbed by an adsorption medium to absorb excess H2, CO, methane and other gases. The adsorption medium can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass. Preferably, the above-mentioned adsorption medium is an activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon or modified activated carbon with a higher iodine value is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, for example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0204] When the thermal runaway flue gas from a fully charged 32650 battery runs out of control without any treatment, the collected gas volume is 4L. After treatment with 0.1mol / L NaOH solution and activated carbon, the collected gas is only about 0.3-0.5L, and the gas is non-flammable. It can be seen that the above-mentioned combined treatment method can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery.

[0205] Table 3 Absorption effect of PB-3 activated carbon on thermal runaway flue gas

[0206] Table 4 Adsorption test after combining NaOH solution and activated carbon

[0207] Through experimental data, it was found that the use of NaOH solution and activated carbon (No. 1 filter canister PB-3 activated carbon) to treat the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery thermal runaway air is very effective. After many tests, it was found that the thermal runaway flue gas after the fully charged 32650 battery ran away was first treated with 1500mL0.1mol / LNaOH solution, and then adsorbed by 270g activated carbon (installed in 3 1m long quarter tubes). The collected gas volume was 0.3~0.5L, and the collected gas was non-flammable.

[0208] The test was then scaled up to conduct thermal runaway flue gas treatment tests on two 30Ah batteries and a 202Ah battery.

[0209] Table 5 Thermal runaway adsorption test of two 30Ah batteries

[0210] Table 6 202Ah large battery thermal runaway adsorption test

[0211] From the above test data, it can be seen that when two 30AH batteries thermally run away, using 3L of NaOH solution and 2KG of activated carbon can make the treated gas completely non-flammable; when the 202Ah battery thermally run away, using 10L of NaOH solution and 6.5KG of activated carbon can make the treated gas completely non-flammable. It can be seen that the corresponding relationship between the battery capacity value and the alkaline solution and adsorption medium is: the thermal runaway flue gas generated by a C1AH capacity battery is treated with at least (0.05×C1)L of alkaline solution and (32×C1)g of adsorption medium; under this relationship, the minimum alkaline solution and adsorption medium can be used to effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas when the battery thermal runaway occurs.

[0212] Example 3

[0213] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this embodiment provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one treatment tank 11, which is provided with a flue gas inlet 113 and a flue gas outlet 114. The treatment tank 11 is filled with a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution. The thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas inlet 113 and directly reacts with the alkaline solution in the treatment tank 11. The alkaline solution treats the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby achieving effective treatment of the battery thermal runaway flue gas. Specifically, the thermal runaway flue gas is significantly treated with a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol / L, and the best treatment effect is achieved with a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0214] The shape of the treatment tank 11 is not limited and can be rectangular, circular, or elliptical. In this embodiment, the treatment tank 11 is specifically a circular tank, which has good pressure-bearing properties. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the flue gas inlet 113 can be specifically located at the bottom of the circular tank, and the flue gas outlet 114 can be located at the top of the energy storage box. This arrangement allows the thermal runaway flue gas to fully pass through the alkaline solution within the circular tank, fully treating the thermal runaway flue gas and further improving the treatment effect.

[0215] The above-mentioned treatment tank 11 is a split structure, which can mainly adopt the following structural forms: First, the treatment tank 11 mainly consists of a cylindrical body 111 with an open end and an end cover 112 arranged at the open end; Second, the treatment tank 11 mainly consists of a cylindrical body 111 with open ends and two end covers 112 arranged at the open ends;

[0216] In the two aforementioned structures, to ensure the sealing of the treatment tank 11, the preferred configuration is a cylindrical body 111 with an open top and an end cap 112 disposed at the open end. The end cap 112 can be connected to the cylindrical body 111 via threads or flanges. Regardless of the connection method, attention must be paid to the sealing of the joint. In this case, the flue gas inlet 113 can be located on the bottom plate of the cylindrical body, and the flue gas outlet 114 can be located on the end cap.

[0217] In addition, a breaking up component 115 is also provided in the above-mentioned treatment tank 11, which is used to break up and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank 11, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the alkaline solution. The breaking up component 115 includes at least one foam copper cylinder. When the foam copper cylinder is specifically installed, it is fixed to the flue gas inlet 113, and is used to break up and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank 11; foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure and installed on the flue gas inlet 113. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the bottom of the foam copper cylinder through the flue gas inlet 113, and then flows out through the side wall or top of the foam copper cylinder to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0218] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, in this embodiment, a first one-way valve 116 is installed at the flue gas inlet 113 of the treatment tank 11. The first one-way valve 116 prevents the alkaline solution in the treatment tank 11 from backflowing. At the same time, a second one-way valve 117 can be provided at the flue gas outlet 114 of the treatment tank 11. The second one-way valve 117 is used to prevent the alkaline solution from volatilizing. The second one-way valve 117 is a pressure valve. After thermal runaway flue gas flows into the treatment tank 11, it opens when the pressure of the treatment tank 11 exceeds a threshold. In other embodiments, a solenoid valve can also be provided at the flue gas outlet 114 of the treatment tank 11. The solenoid valve is a normally closed valve and is usually closed to prevent the alkaline solution from volatilizing. When the battery loses control, the battery management system BMS opens the solenoid valve.

[0219] In addition, as shown in Figure 2, a porous plate 118 can be provided on the top of the inner cavity of the treatment tank 11. The porous plate 118 is used to place an adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution, it will carry part of the alkaline solution. The alkaline solution can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the porous plate 118, so that the gas discharged from the treatment tank 11 is safer.

[0220] Example 4

[0221] As shown in Figure 3, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment is similar to Example 3. The difference from Example 3 is that the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment also includes an adsorption pipeline 12 connected to the outlet end of the above-mentioned treatment tank 11. The adsorption pipeline 12 is filled with an adsorption medium for treating the residual gas after treatment in the treatment tank 11.

[0222] The adsorption line 12 can be a long, narrow tube filled with an adsorption medium. This extends the adsorption path of the adsorption medium, allowing the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact and react with the adsorption medium in the tube. Specifically, the end of the long, narrow tube is threaded and connected to the flue gas outlet 114 of the treatment tank 11 or to the second one-way valve 117.

[0223] The adsorption line 12 is filled with an adsorption medium, specifically activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, or porous glass, and is used to treat the residual gas after treatment in the treatment tank 11, for example, by adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, etc. Because the alkalinity within the treatment tank 11 has already treated the thermal runaway flue gas, the amount of adsorption medium filled in the adsorption line 12 can be significantly reduced, significantly reducing the cost of treating the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0224] The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment introduces the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery into the treatment tank 11 for treatment. The treatment tank 11 specifically treats the electrolyte and some gases carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and react to produce gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the thermal runaway gas of the battery. The subsequent adsorption pipeline 12 uses less adsorption medium to complete the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the treated gas is non-flammable, which improves the safety of the energy storage equipment.

[0225] Example 5

[0226] The thermal runaway flue gas of lithium-ion battery mainly includes vaporized electrolyte and CO2, CO, H2, C x H y 、C x H y O z 、C x H yF, POF3 and HF and other reaction gases. In this embodiment, the alkaline solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas, fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkaline solution, and react with the alkaline solution. A certain concentration of alkaline solution is used to react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, and to treat the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. In addition, the alkaline solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas. The residual thermal runaway flue gas after treatment with alkaline solution mainly includes CO, H2, C x H y 、C x H y O z 、C x H y F and other gases, most of which are flammable gases. At this time, the above gases are ignited so that the treated gases are non-flammable and harmless and can be discharged directly, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system during use.

[0227] At the same time, for alkaline solutions, generally the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solutions. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or above. Therefore, the key to the method of the present application is to overcome the prejudice of the prior art and use a low-concentration alkaline solution to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can achieve effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the combined treatment method of alkaline solution + ignition can treat the electrolyte and most of the gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the treatment effect is better.

[0228] Based on this, this embodiment provides a method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, which includes the following process: transporting the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway to a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution, treating the thermal runaway flue gas with the alkaline solution, and igniting the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the alkaline solution to reduce the safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0229] In the above method, the alkaline solution can specifically be a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF.

[0230] The following uses NaOH solution as an example of an alkaline solution to conduct a large number of battery thermal runaway tests. After horizontally comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the collected gas after the thermal runaway flue gas was treated with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution had the best effect, and the effect was significant after treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution. The volume was the smallest after treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0231] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3 and acidic substances such as HF in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR+NaOH=RCOONa+CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O; subsequently, CO2 will also react: Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3+2NaOH=NaPF2O2+NaF+H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH+HF=NaF+H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced, and the subsequent treatment cost is greatly reduced.

[0232] According to the test data in Tables 1 and 2, when the untreated flue gas from a fully charged 32650 battery undergoes thermal runaway, the collected gas volume is 4 L. When the flue gas is passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher, the collected gas volume generally exceeds 2 L, indicating unsatisfactory treatment results. When the flue gas is passed through a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the gas volume is relatively small, generally below 2 L. Treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH produces significant results, and treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH produces the smallest collected gas volume, only approximately 1 L, achieving the best results. Therefore, a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution is highly effective in treating the flue gas after battery thermal runaway. Finally, the remaining gas is ignited by the ignition unit, and the thermal runaway flue gas is subjected to combined treatment, so that the treated gas is non-flammable and non-polluting, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage system during use.

[0233] Example 6

[0234] It can be seen from the description in Example 5 that an alkaline solution of a certain concentration can effectively treat thermal runaway flue gas, thereby significantly reducing the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas. However, if multiple batteries in the energy storage system experience thermal runaway and generate a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas, more ignition components need to be set up to treat the thermal runaway flue gas. Therefore, this embodiment can add an adsorption process of a solid adsorption medium on the basis of Example 5, and treat the residual gas after the alkaline solution treatment with the adsorption medium, and then ignite it. The adsorption medium treats part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that the subsequent use of a smaller number of ignition components can achieve complete treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0235] The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas provided in this embodiment is as follows:

[0236] 1. Transport the thermal runaway flue gas into a 0.05-0.5 mol alkaline solution for treatment;

[0237] The alkaline solution is specifically a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, etc. The alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the battery thermal runaway flue gas, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF;

[0238] 2. Treating the thermal runaway flue gas after alkaline solution treatment through an adsorption medium;

[0239] 3. Ignite the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the adsorption medium to reduce the potential safety hazards caused by the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0240] In this process, the remaining thermal runaway flue gas after the alkaline solution treatment is adsorbed by an adsorption medium to absorb excess H2, CO, methane and other gases. The adsorption medium can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate or porous glass. Preferably, the above-mentioned adsorption medium is an activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect. Generally, activated carbon or modified activated carbon with a higher iodine value is selected. This type of activated carbon is easy to adsorb small molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, for example, it is easy to react with hydrogen, methane, etc.

[0241] When the thermal runaway flue gas from a fully charged 32650 battery runs out of control without any treatment, the collected gas volume is 4L. After treatment with 0.1mol / L NaOH solution and activated carbon, the collected gas is about 0.3-0.5L. The remaining thermal runaway flue gas is then treated by ignition. It can be seen that the above-mentioned combined treatment method can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery.

[0242] Through the test data in Table 3 and Table 4, it is found that the use of NaOH solution and activated carbon (No. 1 filter canister PB-3 activated carbon) to treat the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery thermal runaway air is very effective. After many tests, it was found that the thermal runaway flue gas after the fully charged 32650 battery runs away is first treated with 0.1mol / LNaOH solution, and then adsorbed by activated carbon. The collected gas volume is 0.3~0.5L, and then the gas is ignited.

[0243] The test was then scaled up to test thermal runaway flue gas treatment on two 30Ah batteries and a 202Ah battery. The test data are detailed in Tables 5 and 6. The test data in Tables 5 and 6 show that when the two 30Ah batteries experienced thermal runaway, using 3L of NaOH solution and 2KG of activated carbon rendered the treated gas completely non-flammable. When the 202Ah battery experienced thermal runaway, using 10L of NaOH solution and 6.5KG of activated carbon rendered the treated gas completely non-flammable. This indicates that the corresponding relationship between battery capacity, alkaline solution, and adsorption medium is: the thermal runaway flue gas generated by a C1AH battery requires at least (0.05×C1)L of alkaline solution and (32×C1)g of adsorption medium to be treated. If the installation conditions at the site are limited, or the filling amount of the alkaline solution or adsorption medium does not meet the requirements, the remaining thermal runaway flue gas will be ignited by the subsequent ignition unit, making the gas discharged from the energy storage system completely non-flammable and harmless.

[0244] Example 7

[0245] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, this embodiment provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one treatment tank 21 and an ignition unit 22. The treatment tank 21 is provided with a flue gas inlet 213 and a flue gas outlet 214. The treatment tank 21 is filled with a 0.05-0.5 mol / L alkaline solution. The thermal runaway flue gas passes through the flue gas inlet 213 and directly reacts with the alkaline solution in the treatment tank 21. The alkaline solution treats the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby achieving effective treatment of the battery thermal runaway flue gas. Specifically, the thermal runaway flue gas has a significant effect after being treated with a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.2 mol / L, and the best effect is achieved after being treated with a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution. The ignition unit 22 is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated with the alkaline solution. The specific structure of the treatment tank 21 and the ignition unit 22 is described below.

[0246] The shape of the treatment tank 21 is not limited and can be rectangular, circular, or elliptical. In this embodiment, the treatment tank 21 is specifically a circular tank, which has good pressure-bearing properties. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the flue gas inlet 213 can be specifically located at the bottom of the circular tank, and the flue gas outlet 214 can be located at the top of the energy storage box. This arrangement allows the thermal runaway flue gas to fully pass through the alkaline solution within the circular tank, fully treating the thermal runaway flue gas and further improving the treatment effect.

[0247] The above-mentioned treatment tank 21 is a split structure, which can mainly adopt the following structural forms: First, the treatment tank 21 mainly consists of a cylindrical body 211 with an open end and an end cover 212 provided at the open end; Second, the treatment tank 21 mainly consists of a cylindrical body 211 with open ends and two end covers 212 provided at the open ends;

[0248] In the two aforementioned structures, to ensure the sealing of the treatment tank 21, the preferred configuration is a cylindrical body 211 with an open top and an end cap 212 disposed at the open end. The end cap can be connected to the cylindrical body via threads or flanges. Regardless of the connection method, attention must be paid to the sealing of the joint. In this case, the flue gas inlet 213 can be located on the bottom plate of the cylindrical body, and the flue gas outlet 214 can be located on the end cap.

[0249] In addition, a breaking up component 215 is also provided in the above-mentioned treatment tank 21, which is used to break up and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank 21, so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the alkaline solution. The breaking up component 215 includes at least one foam copper cylinder. When the foam copper cylinder is specifically installed, it is fixed to the flue gas inlet 213, and is used to break up and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank 21; foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure and installed on the flue gas inlet 213. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the bottom of the foam copper cylinder through the flue gas inlet 213, and then flows out through the side wall or top of the foam copper cylinder to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0250] As shown in Figures 4 and 5, in this embodiment, a first one-way valve 216 is installed at the flue gas inlet 213 of the treatment tank 21. The first one-way valve 216 prevents the alkaline solution in the treatment tank 21 from backflowing. At the same time, a second one-way valve 217 can be installed at the flue gas outlet 214 of the treatment tank 21. The second one-way valve 217 is used to prevent the volatilization of the alkaline solution. The second one-way valve 217 is a pressure valve. After the thermal runaway flue gas flows into the treatment tank 21, the pressure of the treatment tank 21 exceeds a threshold. In other embodiments, a solenoid valve can also be installed at the flue gas outlet 214 of the treatment tank 21. The solenoid valve is a normally closed valve that is normally closed to prevent the alkaline solution from volatilizing. When the battery loses control, the battery management system (BMS) opens the solenoid valve.

[0251] In addition, as shown in Figure 5, a porous plate 218 can be provided on the top of the inner cavity of the treatment tank 21. The porous plate 218 is used to place an adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution, it will carry part of the alkaline solution. The alkaline solution can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the porous plate 218, so that the gas discharged from the treatment tank 21 is safer.

[0252] As shown in FIG4 , the ignition unit 22 in this embodiment includes a flue gas pipeline 221 and at least one set of ignition components. The flue gas pipeline 221 is connected to the flue gas outlet 214 of the treatment tank 21. The ignition components are connected to the flue gas pipeline 221. The number of ignition components can be set according to the number of batteries in the energy storage system and the needs, and can be set to multiple groups such as 1, 2, 3, or 4. When set to multiple groups, not only can the thermal runaway flue gas be fully ignited and reliable ignition be ensured, but it can also avoid the safety hazard caused by the inability to reliably ignite the thermal runaway flue gas when a single ignition component fails or malfunctions.

[0253] As shown in Figure 4, a single ignition assembly includes an exhaust pipe 222 and an igniter 223 located at the outlet of the exhaust pipe 222. The exhaust pipe 222 is connected to the flue gas pipeline 221 (if there are multiple ignition assemblies, the inlets of the exhaust pipes 222 of the multiple ignition assemblies are all connected to the flue gas pipeline 221). The igniter 223 is activated when any single battery in the energy storage system experiences thermal runaway. The thermal runaway flue gas, which has been treated with an alkaline solution, is then transported into the exhaust pipe 222 via the flue gas pipeline 221. The igniter 223 ignites the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 222. The igniter 223 can be activated by a trigger 224 or by a BMS (battery management system). When activated by the trigger 224, the trigger 224 can be a sensor of various structures and can be located in the exhaust pipe 222 or on the flue gas pipeline 221. It performs real-time detection of parameters such as temperature, pressure, or gas volume fraction. When the set threshold is exceeded, a signal is sent to activate the igniter 223. Specifically, trigger 224 can be at least one of a pressure sensor, a gas sensor, an airflow sensor, or a temperature sensor. When activated by trigger 224, a flame arrester 225 can also be installed on exhaust pipe 222. Flame arrester 225 is preferably a pipe flame arrester to prevent flames from propagating downward through the exhaust pipe and damaging components such as trigger 224. When activated by the BMS, the BMS monitors the voltage, current, and temperature of each battery in the energy storage system in real time. If any battery experiences thermal runaway and the voltage, current, or temperature exceeds a threshold, the igniter 223 is activated.

[0254] The igniter 223 can have various structures, for example, an existing arc igniter or a resistance wire igniter. The arc igniter can specifically be a pulse igniter, and the igniter can be powered by dry-cell batteries or alternating current depending on the site environment. If an arc igniter is used, it is mounted at the top of the exhaust pipe. When the trigger 224 detects the presence of thermal runaway flue gas in the exhaust pipe, a signal is fed back to the arc igniter's control circuit board. The control circuit board connects the dry-cell batteries and the booster coil. The booster coil increases the voltage, ionizing the air between the arc-generating heads in the arc igniter to form an arc, igniting the remaining thermal runaway flue gas. If a resistance wire igniter is used, it is mounted at the top of the exhaust pipe. When the trigger 224 detects the presence of thermal runaway flue gas in the exhaust pipe, a signal is sent to the resistance wire igniter, rapidly heating the resistance wire to the flammable temperature of the gas, and subsequently igniting the remaining thermal runaway flue gas.

[0255] Example 8

[0256] If multiple batteries in the energy storage system experience thermal runaway and generate a large amount of thermal runaway flue gas, multiple sets of ignition components need to be set up to treat the thermal runaway flue gas. In this case, on the basis of Example 7, an adsorption process of the adsorption medium can be added. The residual gas after the alkaline solution treatment is treated by the adsorption medium and then ignited. The adsorption medium treats part of the gas in the residual thermal runaway flue gas, so that fewer ignition components can be used subsequently to achieve complete treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0257] As shown in Figure 6, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment is similar to that in Example 7. The difference from Example 7 is that the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment also includes an adsorption pipeline 23 arranged between the flue gas outlet 214 of the above-mentioned treatment tank 21 and the flue gas pipeline 221. The adsorption pipeline 23 is filled with an adsorption medium for treating the residual gas after treatment in the treatment tank 21.

[0258] The adsorption line 23 can be a long, narrow tube filled with an adsorption medium. This extends the adsorption path of the adsorption medium, allowing the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact and react with the adsorption medium within the tube. Specifically, the end of the long, narrow tube is threaded. One end is connected to the flue gas outlet 214 of the treatment tank 21 or the second one-way valve 217, and the other end is connected to the flue gas line 221.

[0259] The adsorption line 23 is filled with an adsorption medium, specifically activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, or porous glass, and is used to treat the residual gas after treatment in the treatment tank 21, for example, by adsorbing excess H2, CO, methane, etc. Because the alkalinity within the treatment tank 21 has already treated the thermal runaway flue gas, the amount of adsorption medium filled in the adsorption line 23 can be significantly reduced, significantly reducing the cost of treating the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0260] Example 9

[0261] The thermal runaway flue gas of lithium-ion battery mainly includes vaporized electrolyte and CO2, CO, H2, C x H y 、C x H y O z 、C x H yF, POF3 and HF and other reaction gases. This embodiment provides a method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, which mainly passes the above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas through an organic solvent and an adsorption medium in sequence. The organic solvent can treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, and at the same time prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and react. The adsorption medium can treat the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. The organic solvent and the adsorption medium respectively treat the electrolyte and gas in the above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas, so that the gas volume of the thermal runaway flue gas after treatment is greatly reduced, solving the safety hazard problem of the thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery shell.

[0262] The thermal runaway flue gas treatment method proposed in this embodiment includes the following steps: transporting the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway into an organic solvent to treat the thermal runaway flue gas; and transporting the thermal runaway flue gas treated with the organic solvent into an adsorption medium for treatment.

[0263] From a large number of existing experiments, it is known that the flue gas generated after the thermal runaway of the battery contains a large amount of electrolyte and gas, and the vapor of carbonates in the electrolyte accounts for a large proportion. Therefore, according to the principle that like dissolves like in organic solvents, an organic solvent is used to absorb the flue gas after the thermal runaway of the battery to treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. When treating the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, one of the organic solvents can be used, for example, only an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas, or two or three of the organic solvents can be used, for example, the thermal runaway flue gas is treated in sequence by an ester solvent and an alcohol solvent, or the thermal runaway flue gas is treated in sequence by an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, an aldehyde solvent, and so on.

[0264] Among the above-mentioned organic solvents, the ester solvents can specifically be diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent, etc., the alcohol solvents can specifically be benzyl alcohol solvent, isoamyl alcohol solvent, isobutanol solvent, isopropanol solvent, isooctyl alcohol solvent, n-propanol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent, etc., and the aldehyde solvents can be benzaldehyde solvent, heptaldehyde, phenylpropionaldehyde or methylnonaneacetaldehyde, etc. The organic solvent has multiple functions. First, it treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas based on the principle of like dissolves like. Second, it prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce harmful gases, thereby treating the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. Third, it cools the thermal runaway flue gas. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the organic solvent, the amount of gas collected is greatly reduced. The following table shows the treatment effect of various organic solvents on thermal runaway flue gas. Table 7 shows the data of untreated fully charged 32650 batteries after thermal runaway. Table 8 shows the treatment data of thermal runaway flue gas after thermal runaway of fully charged 32650 batteries using different organic solvents.

[0265] Table 7 Unprocessed fully charged 32650 battery out of control data

[0266] Table 8 Treatment data of thermal runaway flue gas by different organic solvents

[0267] According to the above test data, when the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery is not treated in any way, the volume of the collected gas is 4L.

[0268] When the flue gas from a fully charged 32650 battery undergoing thermal runaway was passed through different organic solvents, the volume of the gas decreased significantly. Among ester solvents, methyl salicylate and diethyl phthalate showed relatively significant treatment effects, with the collected gas volume reaching approximately 2 L. Among alcohol solvents, isoamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, isobutanol, and isooctyl alcohol showed relatively significant treatment effects, also with the collected gas volume reaching approximately 2 L. Among these, diethyl phthalate and isoamyl alcohol showed the best treatment effects, with the smallest collected gas volume of only approximately 1.5 L.

[0269] The above experimental results demonstrate that organic solvents can effectively treat thermal runaway flue gas, significantly reducing its volume. Furthermore, this embodiment further treats the residual gas after treatment, rendering it completely non-flammable and allowing it to be directly discharged, thereby enhancing the safety of lithium-ion batteries.

[0270] In this embodiment, the remaining thermal runaway flue gas after the organic solvent treatment is treated with an adsorption medium, which processes the remaining H2, CO, methane, ethylene, hydrogen fluoride, and other gases. The adsorption medium can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, or porous glass. Preferably, the adsorption medium is selected from activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect, generally selected from activated carbon with a high iodine value or modified activated carbon. Such activated carbon easily adsorbs low-molecular-weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, for example, easily reacts with hydrogen, methane, and the like.

[0271] The following are the treatment effects of different organic solvents and adsorption media combinations on thermal runaway flue gas.

[0272] Table 9 Treatment data of ester + activated carbon on thermal runaway flue gas

[0273] Table 10 Treatment data of ester + activated carbon on thermal runaway flue gas

[0274] When the thermal runaway flue gas from a fully charged 32650 battery goes out of control without any treatment, the collected gas volume is 4L.

[0275] The thermal runaway flue gas after a fully charged 32650 battery runs out of control is first passed through diethyl phthalate solvent. After being treated with activated carbon, the volume of the collected gas is less than 1.2L. After increasing the amount of activated carbon, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas can be reduced to about 0.3L, and the gas is completely non-flammable. It can be seen that the above-mentioned combined treatment method can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery.

[0276] The thermal runaway flue gas from a fully charged 32650 battery was first treated with isoamyl alcohol solvent and then activated carbon. The collected gas volume was less than 1L. Increasing the amount of activated carbon reduced the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas to approximately 0.2L, and the gas was completely non-flammable. This indicates that the above combined treatment method can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery. Based on the above experimental results, it was found that the combination of organic solvent and adsorption medium can effectively treat battery thermal runaway flue gas.

[0277] Example 10

[0278] As shown in Figure 7, this embodiment provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes a first treatment device and a second treatment device. The first treatment device is used to treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the second treatment device is used to treat the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0279] As shown in FIG8 and FIG9 , the first treatment device includes at least one first treatment tank 31 , which is provided with a first flue gas inlet 313 and a first flue gas outlet 314 ; if there are multiple first treatment tanks 31 , the multiple first treatment tanks 31 are connected in series in sequence.

[0280] The above-mentioned first treatment tank 31 is a split structure, mainly consisting of a cylinder 311 with open ends and two end covers 312 arranged at the open ends; when the end covers are connected to the cylinder 311, they can be connected by threads or flanges. Regardless of the connection method, attention must be paid to the sealing of the connection. At this time, the first flue gas inlet 313 and the first flue gas outlet 314 can be set on the end covers.

[0281] The first treatment tank 31 is filled with an organic solvent. The thermal runaway flue gas passes through the first flue gas inlet 313 and directly contacts the organic solvent in the first treatment tank 31. The organic solvent treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. The organic solvent is an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. Depending on the different electrolytes of each battery, the corresponding organic solvent can be used. The organic solvents filled in the multiple first treatment tanks 31 can be the same or different. For example, the multiple first treatment tanks 31 are all filled with an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent; or, among the multiple first treatment tanks 31, some of the first treatment tanks 31 are filled with an ester solvent and the remaining first treatment tanks 31 are filled with an alcohol solvent; or, among the multiple first treatment tanks 31, some of the first treatment tanks 31 are filled with an ester solvent, some of the first treatment tanks 31 are filled with an alcohol solvent, and the remaining first treatment tanks 31 are filled with an aldehyde solvent.

[0282] Ester solvent specifically can be diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent etc., alcohol solvent specifically can be benzyl alcohol solvent, isoamyl alcohol solvent, isobutanol solvent, isopropyl alcohol solvent, isooctyl alcohol solvent, n-propyl alcohol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent etc., aldehyde solvent is benzaldehyde solvent, heptaldehyde, phenyl propionaldehyde or methyl nonyl acetaldehyde etc.Wherein, in ester solvent, the treatment effect of methyl salicylate solvent and diethyl phthalate solvent is relatively significant, and the gas volume collected is about 2L, in alcohol solvent, the treatment effect of isoamyl alcohol solvent, benzyl alcohol solvent, isobutyl alcohol solvent, isooctyl alcohol solvent is relatively significant, and the gas volume collected is also about 2L.Wherein, with the treatment effect of diethyl phthalate solvent and isoamyl alcohol solvent best, the gas volume collected is minimum, only about 1.5L.

[0283] As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the shape of the first treatment tank 31 is not limited, and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. In this embodiment, the first treatment tank 31 specifically adopts a circular tank body, and the circular tank body has good pressure-bearing performance. At the same time, in this embodiment, the first flue gas inlet 313 can be specifically set at the bottom of the circular tank body, and the second flue gas inlet 321 is set at the top of the first treatment tank 31. This arrangement allows the thermal runaway flue gas to fully pass through the organic solvent in the circular tank body, fully treat the thermal runaway flue gas, and further improve the treatment effect. In addition, a first one-way valve 316 is installed at the first flue gas inlet 313 of the first treatment tank 31. The first one-way valve 316 prevents the organic solvent in the first treatment tank 31 from flowing back.

[0284] As shown in FIG9 , a breaking up component 315 is also provided in the first treatment tank 31 for breaking up and diverting the thermal runaway flue gas entering the first treatment tank 31 so that the thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact and react with the organic solvent. The breaking up component 315 includes at least one foam copper cylinder. When the foam copper cylinder is specifically installed, it is fixed to the first flue gas inlet 313 to break up and divert the thermal runaway flue gas entering the first treatment tank 31. Foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure and installed on the first flue gas inlet 313. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the bottom of the foam copper cylinder through the first flue gas inlet 313, and then flows out through the side wall or top of the foam copper cylinder to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0285] As shown in Figure 9, a porous plate 317 can also be provided at the top of the inner cavity of the first treatment tank 31. The porous plate 317 is used to place an adsorption medium. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the organic solvent, it will carry part of the organic solvent. The organic solvent can be adsorbed by the adsorption medium on the porous plate 317, so that the gas discharged from the first treatment tank 31 is safer.

[0286] As shown in FIG7 , the second treatment device includes at least one second treatment tank 32 , which is provided with a second flue gas inlet 321 and a second flue gas outlet 322 ; the second treatment tank 32 is filled with an adsorption medium for treating the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the first treatment tank 31 .

[0287] As shown in Figure 7, the second treatment tank can be specifically a long, narrow pipe filled with an adsorption medium. This pipe extends the adsorption path of the adsorption medium, allowing the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact and react with the adsorption medium in the long, narrow pipe. This second treatment tank also serves as a flue gas transport pipeline, conveying the thermal runaway flue gas from the energy storage box to the outside of the energy storage box. Specifically, the end of the long, narrow pipe is threaded and connected to the second flue gas inlet 321 of the first treatment tank.

[0288] The adsorption medium in the second treatment tank 32 can specifically be activated carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, graphite, alumina, montmorillonite, silicate, phosphate, or porous glass, and is used to treat the residual gas after treatment in the first treatment tank 31, for example, to adsorb excess H2, CO, methane, ethylene, etc. Preferably, the adsorption medium is activated carbon with relatively low cost and relatively excellent treatment effect, generally selected from activated carbon with a high iodine value or modified activated carbon. Such activated carbon easily adsorbs low molecular weight gases in the thermal runaway flue gas, such as hydrogen and methane.

[0289] The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment introduces the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery into the first treatment tank 31 for treatment. The first treatment tank 31 specifically treats the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery and prevents the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and react to produce gas, thereby reducing the gas production of the thermal runaway gas of the battery. The subsequent second treatment tank 32 uses less adsorption medium to complete the treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas. At the same time, the treated gas is not flammable, which improves the safety of the lithium-ion battery during use.

[0290] Example 11

[0291] This embodiment provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, in which a liquid treatment device first treats the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to undergo a decomposition reaction to produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the amount of combustible gas. Subsequently, a gas generating device generates a flame-retardant gas, and the flame-retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device are mixed and discharged. The proportion of combustible gas in the discharged mixed gas is greatly reduced, and it is difficult for combustion or explosion to occur after contact with air, thereby solving the safety hazard problem of thermal runaway flue gas being discharged outside the battery casing.

[0292] As shown in Figure 10, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment includes a liquid treatment device 41 and a gas generator. The liquid treatment device 41 includes at least one treatment tank 411 filled with a liquid treatment medium, which is primarily used to treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas. The gas generator is used to generate a flame-retardant gas, which is mixed with the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 41 and then discharged, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. The structures of the liquid treatment device 41 and the gas generator are described in detail below.

[0293] In the liquid treatment device 41, the number of treatment tanks 411 can be set according to the number and demand of lithium-ion batteries. If there are multiple treatment tanks 411, the multiple treatment tanks 411 can be connected in series via a connecting pipe 419. The shape of the treatment tank 411 is not limited and can be rectangular, circular, or elliptical. A circular tank is preferably used because it has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0294] As shown in Figure 11, the treatment tank 411 is provided with a flue gas inlet 413 and a flue gas outlet 414. The flue gas inlet 413 is used to input the thermal runaway flue gas into the treatment tank 411, and the flue gas outlet 414 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway flue gas. When the flue gas inlet 413 is specifically set, it can be set at the top of the treatment tank 411, or it can be set at the bottom of the treatment tank 411. In order to facilitate the connection of each treatment tank, it is preferred to set the flue gas inlet 413 and the flue gas outlet 414 at the top of the treatment tank 411. At this time, each treatment tank only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 419 can be a metal bellows. After the metal corrugated connection is adopted, each treatment tank can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meeting various installation requirements and saving installation space.

[0295] Before use, the above-mentioned processing tank 411 generally needs to undergo a corresponding airtightness pressure leak test to ensure the sealing and reliability of the processing tank 411 during subsequent use. When the processing tank 411 undergoes a pressure leak test, the first pressure leak test is generally performed on an empty processing tank 411. After the first pressure leak test is completed, the processing tank 411 is filled with liquid treatment medium, and then multiple processing tanks 411 are connected through the connecting pipe 419. After the multiple processing tanks 411 are connected, a second pressure leak test is required on the connecting pipe 419 between each processing tank 411. The two pressure leak tests result in a lower detection efficiency of the processing tank 411, which further reduces the assembly efficiency of the liquid treatment device.

[0296] As shown in Figures 11 and 12, to facilitate the injection of liquid treatment medium and the pressure testing of the treatment tank 411 for leak detection, a three-way valve 412 is provided on the flue gas outlet 414. Specifically, the three-way valve 412 can be a three-way ball valve, etc. This three-way valve 412 allows for the filling of the liquid treatment medium after the pressure testing of all treatment tanks 411 is completed. Specifically, the first port 4121 of the three-way valve 412 is connected to the flue gas outlet 414, the second port 4122 is used to discharge thermal runaway flue gas, and the third port 4123 is used to inject the liquid treatment medium.

[0297] As shown in Figure 12, after the flue gas inlet 413 is positioned at the top of the treatment tank 411, a flue gas inlet 415 is connected to the flue gas inlet 413 to ensure full contact between the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium within the treatment tank 411. At least a portion of the flue gas inlet 415 is submerged in the liquid treatment medium. Optimally, the flue gas inlet 415 extends to the bottom of the treatment tank 411 so that it is completely submerged in the liquid treatment medium. As the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank 411, it fully contacts the liquid treatment medium within the treatment tank 411, allowing the liquid treatment medium to more fully treat the thermal runaway flue gas and enhance the treatment effectiveness of the liquid treatment medium.

[0298] As shown in Figure 12, a diverter 416 can also be provided at one end of the smoke inlet pipe 415 immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diverter 416 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas and then reacts with the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank 411, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters in a large flow and exits in a small flow, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. In this embodiment, the diverter 416 is a foam copper column, which is easy to install and has a better dispersion and diversion effect. When the foam copper column is specifically installed, it is fixed to the port of the smoke inlet pipe 415 at one end immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foam copper column through the smoke inlet pipe 415, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas after diversion is fully in contact with the liquid treatment medium.

[0299] As shown in Figures 13 and 14, in order to further allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 417 is provided on the above-mentioned smoke inlet pipe 415, or a plurality of baffles 418 are provided on the smoke inlet pipe 415. The spiral baffle 417 or the plurality of baffles 418 increase the travel of the thermal runaway flue gas when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank 411, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is more fully in contact with the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet 413 of the treatment tank 411, then enters the bottom of the liquid treatment medium through the smoke inlet pipe 415, and then is broken up by the foam copper column. Then, during the process of rising from the bottom, the spiral baffle 417 or the plurality of baffles 418 will allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank 411, thereby performing corresponding treatment. During the specific connection, the spiral baffle 417 can be fixed on the smoke inlet pipe 415. The baffles 418 are semicircular baffles, and a plurality of baffles 418 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top and are respectively fixed on the smoke inlet pipe 415 , and adjacent baffles 418 are installed in a staggered manner.

[0300] The treatment tank 411 is filled with a liquid treatment medium, which is mainly used to fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas. The liquid treatment medium can specifically be the following substances:

[0301] First, the liquid treatment medium can be an organic solvent. According to the principle of like dissolves like, the organic solvent can fully treat the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas, and at the same time can prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose. The organic solvent is specifically an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent. The ester solvent can specifically be diethyl phthalate solvent, methyl salicylate solvent, ethyl acetate solvent or butyl acetate solvent, etc. The alcohol solvent can specifically be benzyl alcohol solvent, isoamyl alcohol solvent, isobutanol solvent, isopropyl alcohol solvent, isooctyl alcohol solvent, n-propyl alcohol solvent or cyclohexanol solvent, etc. The aldehyde solvent is benzaldehyde solvent, heptanal, phenylpropionaldehyde or methylnonaneacetaldehyde, etc.

[0302] Second, the liquid treatment medium is an alkaline solution, which can specifically be an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, an aqueous barium hydroxide solution, etc. The alkaline solution can react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases and combustible gases, and treat the thermal runaway flue gas at the source. At the same time, the alkaline solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can effectively treat some gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. In addition, the alkaline solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkaline solution.

[0303] Among the two liquid treatment media mentioned above, the alkaline solution can not only treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, but also treat the gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. Therefore, the alkaline solution has a better treatment effect than the organic solvent.

[0304] For alkaline solutions, generally speaking, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially alkaline solutions of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or above. Therefore, overcoming the prejudice of the prior art, a low-concentration alkaline solution is used to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can achieve more effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0305] Taking NaOH solution as an example of alkaline solution, a large number of battery thermal runaway tests were carried out. After a horizontal comparison of the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was the smallest after being treated with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the effect was significant after being treated with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the best effect was achieved after being treated with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0306] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3 and acidic substances such as HF in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR+NaOH=RCOONa+CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O; subsequently, CO2 will also react: Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3+2NaOH=NaPF2O2+NaF+H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH+HF=NaF+H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced.

[0307] According to the data in Tables 1 and 2, when the untreated flue gas from a fully charged 32650 battery undergoes thermal runaway, the collected gas volume is 4 L. When the flue gas is passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher, the collected gas volume generally exceeds 2 L, indicating unsatisfactory treatment results. When the flue gas is passed through a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the gas volume is relatively small, generally below 2 L. Treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH produces significant results, and treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH produces the smallest collected gas volume, only approximately 1 L, achieving the best results. Therefore, a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution is highly effective in treating the flue gas after battery thermal runaway.

[0308] In the above-mentioned liquid treatment device, the liquid treatment medium can effectively treat the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the volume of the treated thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced. On this basis, a gas generating device is connected to the rear end of the liquid treatment device 41. The gas generating device generates a flame-retardant gas and mixes the flame-retardant gas with the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 41, thereby reducing the concentration of combustible gas in the thermal runaway flue gas. Since the concentration of the mixed gas is relatively low, it is difficult for safety hazards such as combustion or explosion to occur when the mixed gas comes into contact with air.

[0309] As shown in Figures 10 and 15, the gas generating device in this embodiment includes at least one gas generating tank 42, and the gas generating tank 42 includes a first tank body 421, a second tank body 422 and a flue gas pipeline 423; the first tank body 421 is provided with a gas outlet 4211 connected to its inner cavity; the second tank body 422 is arranged in the first tank body 421, and the second tank body 422 is provided with an opening 4221, and an isolation member 4222 is installed on the opening 4221, and the isolation member 4222 is used to isolate the inner cavities of the first tank body and the second tank body; the flue gas pipeline 423 is mainly used to transport the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 41 to the second tank body. When the flue gas pipeline 423 is installed, the inlet extends to the outside of the first tank body 421 and is connected to the flue gas outlet 414 of the last treatment tank 411 in the liquid treatment device 41, and the outlet is connected to the inner cavity of the second tank body 422. When the flue gas pipeline 423 is specifically installed, a through hole is set on the top of the second tank body 422. The flue gas pipeline 423 passes through the through hole and is connected to the flue gas outlet 414 of the processing tank 411, and its inlet is connected to the second tank body 422.

[0310] The first tank body 421 contains a first reaction medium, and the second tank body 422 contains a second reaction medium. The isolation piece 4222 is opened after the pressure in the second tank body 422 reaches a set value. The first reaction medium and the second reaction medium come into contact and react to produce a flame-retardant gas. The flame-retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas are mixed and discharged through the gas outlet 4211 on the first tank body 421. The proportion of combustible gas in the discharged mixed gas is greatly reduced, and it is difficult to burn or explode after contacting with air.

[0311] As shown in Figure 15, this embodiment does not limit the shape of the first tank body 421, which can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, etc. Preferably, the first tank body 421 adopts a circular tank body, which has good pressure-bearing performance. The above-mentioned first tank body 421 is provided with a gas outlet 4211 connected to its inner cavity, and the gas outlet 4211 mainly discharges the mixed gas in the first tank body 421. The specific position of the gas outlet 4211 is not required, as long as the mixed gas can be discharged. In this embodiment, in order to ensure the smooth discharge of the mixed gas, the gas outlet 4211 is provided at the top of the first tank body 421. At the same time, a pipeline can also be installed on the gas outlet 4211 to transport the mixed gas to a designated point through the pipeline for directional and safe discharge.

[0312] As shown in Figure 15 , the second tank body 422 is entirely placed within the first tank body 421. Similarly, the shape of the second tank body 422 is not limited and can be rectangular, circular, or elliptical. Similar to the first tank body, the second tank body 422 is also cylindrical. Furthermore, to facilitate manufacturing and installation, the second tank body adopts a cylindrical structure with an open bottom. During installation, the open bottom end is fixedly mounted to the bottom of the first tank body and sealed by the bottom plate of the first tank body 421.

[0313] The second tank 422 has an opening 4221 communicating with its inner cavity. This opening 4221 is provided with an isolation member 4222, which can be a diaphragm or a pressure valve. The diaphragm or pressure valve has a low opening pressure, for example, less than 0.1 MPa, allowing it to open promptly when thermal runaway flue gas passes through. The diaphragm and pressure valve open when the pressure of the thermal runaway flue gas within the second tank 422 reaches a certain value. At this point, the inner cavities of the first tank 421 and the second tank 422 are connected through the opening 4221, allowing the first reaction medium in the first tank 421 and the second reaction medium in the second tank 422 to come into contact and react through the opening 4221. When the above-mentioned isolation member 4222 is installed, it can be set at any position of the second tank body 422, preferably at the top of the second tank body 422. At this time, the thermal runaway flue gas and flame retardant gas in the second tank body 422 can flow out of the second tank body 422 very smoothly. If the isolation member 4222 is set on the side wall or bottom of the second tank body 422, the thermal runaway flue gas and flame retardant gas may not be discharged smoothly.

[0314] As shown in Figure 15, a one-way valve 425 can also be provided at the inlet of the above-mentioned flue gas pipeline 423. The one-way valve 425 can suppress the thermal runaway flue gas in the second tank body 422 so that the thermal runaway flue gas can smoothly open the isolation piece 4222 on the second tank body 422. At the same time, the one-way valve 425 prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from flowing back into the liquid treatment device and affecting the liquid treatment medium in the liquid treatment device.

[0315] After being treated by the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank 411, the thermal runaway flue gas enters the second tank body 422, and the thermal runaway flue gas gathers in the second tank body 422 until the pressure in the second tank body 422 reaches a certain value, and the isolation piece 4222 is opened, and the first reaction medium and the second reaction medium come into contact and react to produce a flame retardant gas. The flame retardant gas is specifically a non-flammable gas, which is used to dilute the thermal runaway flue gas and reduce the concentration of the combustible gas when the thermal runaway flue gas is discharged, so that the content of the combustible gas in the thermal runaway flue gas is lower than its lower explosion limit, and finally achieves a non-flammable effect. The above-mentioned flame retardant gas may specifically include inert gases, carbon dioxide gas and other non-combustible gases. The flame retardant gas is preferably carbon dioxide gas, which can be obtained through reactions under relatively simple conditions and also has a certain fire extinguishing effect.

[0316] At room temperature, carbon dioxide gas can be obtained by reacting different liquid or solid substances. There are different placement methods according to the reaction principle: 1) The first reaction medium is water, and the second reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate and solid aluminum sulfate; 2) The first reaction medium is aluminum sulfate solution, and the second reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate solution; 3) The first reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate solution, and the second reaction medium is solid aluminum sulfate; 4) The first reaction medium is solid sodium bicarbonate, and the second reaction medium is aluminum sulfate solution;

[0317] In the above method, the first reaction medium is water, and the second reaction medium is sodium bicarbonate and aluminum sulfate solid, which is the best choice. This method is convenient for filling separately and can continue to maintain its effect after being placed for a long time.

[0318] When filling the first and second reaction media, if the second reaction medium is a solid substance, it can be placed in the second tank body 422 in advance and then fixed in the first tank body 421. Alternatively, the second reaction medium can be filled through the flue gas line 423. If the second reaction medium is a liquid substance, the second tank body 422 can be placed in the first tank body 421 and then filled through the flue gas line 423. If the first reaction medium is a liquid substance, it can be added through the gas outlet 4211 after the second tank body 422 and the flue gas line 423 are installed.

[0319] When the first reaction medium and the second reaction medium react, some solid impurities may be generated, or the thermal runaway flue gas may carry solid matter produced by battery thermal runaway. These solid impurities will be discharged with the mixed gas and block the gas outlet 4211 on the first tank body 421 or subsequent pipelines. In this case, as shown in Figure 16, a filter 426 is added to the top of the inner cavity of the first tank body 421 to remove these impurities and ensure that the mixed gas can be discharged smoothly.

[0320] As shown in FIG16 , in order to fully mix the flame retardant gas generated by the first reaction medium and the second reaction medium with the thermal runaway flue gas, this embodiment can also set a mixing structure 424 in the first tank body 421. The mixing structure 424 enables the flame retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas to be evenly mixed. The mixing structure 424 includes a plurality of baffles, which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top and are respectively fixed on the inner wall of the first tank body 421, and adjacent baffles are installed in a staggered manner. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the gas generating tank 42, the above-mentioned baffles can, on the one hand, extend the mixing path of the flame retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas, increase the mixing time of the flame retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby improving the mixing effect of the two; on the other hand, it further intensifies the mutual collision and mixing of the flame retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas, thereby improving the mixing effect of the two and reducing the probability of combustion still occurring due to excessive local concentration of combustible gas in the mixed gas.

[0321] In other embodiments, the gas generating device may also be an existing aerosol smoke generating device or an inert gas generating device.

[0322] The gas generating device in this embodiment includes at least one of the above-mentioned gas generating tanks 42, and the number of gas generating tanks 42 is set accordingly according to the number of lithium-ion batteries. If there are multiple gas generating tanks 42, the multiple gas generating tanks 42 can be set in series or in parallel. If they are set in series, the thermal runaway flue gas is diluted in sequence until the content of combustible gas in the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the last gas generating tank 42 is lower than its lower explosion limit. If multiple gas generating tanks 42 are set in parallel, the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device 41 is divided into multiple portions, and each gas generating tank 42 dilutes each portion of thermal runaway flue gas, and the content of combustible gas in the mixed gas discharged from each gas generating tank 42 is lower than its lower explosion limit. In addition, multiple gas generating tanks 42 can also be combined in series and parallel, as long as the content of combustible gas in the discharged mixed gas is lower than its lower explosion limit.

[0323] Existing energy storage equipment primarily consists of an energy storage enclosure, battery cluster, battery management system (BMS), temperature control system, and fire protection system. A battery cluster consists of multiple cells tightly packed within the energy storage enclosure. Due to the high concentration of cells within the enclosure, factors such as overcharge, overdischarge, overheating, and mechanical impact can easily cause the battery separator to collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway. The exhaust gas from this thermal runaway battery can easily ignite upon contact with air, and in severe cases, explode, posing a safety hazard.

[0324] Based on this, the present application provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which includes at least one treatment tank. When the battery is working normally, there is only solid alkali in the treatment tank, and the solid alkali has little corrosive damage to the treatment tank. Therefore, the material requirements for the treatment tank are not high, which makes the production cost of the treatment tank relatively low. At the same time, since only solid alkali is placed in the treatment tank, the weight of the entire treatment tank is relatively small. When the energy storage equipment is assembled and repaired, the treatment tank with a small weight is very convenient for installation and disassembly. When the battery is about to have a thermal runaway, the liquid inlet pipeline will introduce external water into the treatment tank to dissolve the solid alkali to form an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution formed at this time will not precipitate or the like, and can fully treat the electrolyte and gas in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the treatment effect on the thermal runaway flue gas is better.

[0325] In addition, the present application may also have another implementation method: the treatment tank of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device directly stores an alkaline solution, which treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway battery to reduce the harmfulness of the discharged thermal runaway flue gas. However, compared with the above method, this method has the following disadvantages:

[0326] First, the possibility of thermal runaway in the battery modules of the energy storage device is very small. Most thermal runaway flue gas treatment devices do not operate during the entire service life of the energy storage device. The alkaline solution stored in the treatment tank for a long time is corrosive to the treatment tank. In this case, the treatment tank must be made of corrosion-resistant materials, which increases the production cost of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device.

[0327] Second, after the alkaline solution is placed in the treatment tank for a long time, precipitation and other phenomena will occur, affecting the treatment effect of thermal runaway flue gas;

[0328] Third, the treatment tank storing the alkaline solution is heavy, which makes it very inconvenient to operate during the installation and maintenance of the energy storage equipment.

[0329] Example 12

[0330] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided in this embodiment includes at least one treatment tank 51, which is provided with a flue gas inlet 511 and a flue gas outlet 512 connected to its inner cavity, and the treatment tank 51 is filled with solid alkali; at the same time, the treatment tank 51 is connected to a liquid inlet pipe 513, and the liquid inlet pipe 513 introduces external water into the treatment tank 51 when the battery is about to thermal runaway. The solid alkali in the treatment tank 51 is dissolved by the external water to form an alkaline solution, and the alkaline solution treats the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway battery.

[0331] In the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, the number of treatment tanks 51 can be set according to the number of batteries and demand. If there are multiple treatment tanks 51, the multiple treatment tanks 51 can be connected in series via a connecting pipe 514. The shape of the treatment tank 51 is not limited and can be rectangular, circular, or elliptical. A circular tank is preferably used because it has good pressure-bearing performance.

[0332] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the above-mentioned treatment tank 51 is provided with a flue gas inlet 511 and a flue gas outlet 512. The flue gas inlet 511 is used to input the thermal runaway flue gas into the treatment tank 51, and the flue gas outlet 512 is used to discharge the treated thermal runaway flue gas. When the flue gas inlet 511 is specifically set, it can be set at the top of the treatment tank 51, or it can be set at the bottom of the treatment tank. In order to facilitate the connection of each treatment tank, it is preferred to set the flue gas inlet 511 and the flue gas outlet 512 at the top of the treatment tank. At this time, each treatment tank only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the above-mentioned connecting pipeline 514 can be a metal bellows. After the metal bellows are connected, each treatment tank 51 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space to meet various installation requirements and save installation space.

[0333] As shown in Figures 17 and 18, the liquid inlet pipeline 513 in this embodiment is specifically connected to the treatment tank 51 through a three-way valve 55. During the specific connection, a three-way valve 55 is installed on the flue gas outlet 512 of each treatment tank 51. The three-way valve 55 can specifically adopt a three-way ball valve, etc. The first port of the three-way valve 55 is connected to the inner cavity of the treatment tank 51, the second port is used to realize the discharge of thermal runaway flue gas, and the third port is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline 513. If there are multiple treatment tanks 51, the liquid inlet pipeline 513 of each treatment tank 51 is connected to the manifold 54, and the unified transportation of external water is realized through the manifold 54. The treatment tank 51 in this embodiment is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline 513 through a three-way valve 55. This connection method does not require any structural changes to the existing treatment tank 51. It is only necessary to install the three-way valve 55 on the flue gas outlet 512 of the existing treatment tank and connect the liquid inlet pipeline 513 to the three-way valve 55. This connection method can reduce the production cost of the treatment tank.

[0334] The liquid inlet pipe 513 in this embodiment is used to connect to the fire-fighting pipe. When the battery is about to experience thermal runaway, the fire-fighting water in the fire-fighting pipe is introduced into the treatment tank 51. At this time, the solid alkali in the treatment tank 51 is dissolved by the fire-fighting water to form an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution treats the electrolyte and part of the gas carried in the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the thermal runaway of the battery to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to decompose and produce combustible gas, thereby reducing the content of combustibles (electrolyte and combustible gas) in the thermal runaway flue gas, so as to achieve effective treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas and reduce the hazards caused by its discharge.

[0335] The fire-fighting pipeline can be a fire-fighting pipeline used for fire extinguishing in the energy storage device, or a fire-fighting pipeline at the site where the energy storage device is used. The fire-fighting pipeline is connected to a fire-fighting pool or a fire hydrant to fill the fire-fighting pipeline with water.

[0336] After the fire protection line and the liquid inlet line 513 are connected, an internal control valve 52 must be installed on the fire protection line or the liquid inlet line 513. This control valve 52 is a normally closed valve. When the battery is operating normally, the fire protection water in the fire protection line and the liquid inlet line 513 are disconnected by the control valve. When the battery is about to experience thermal runaway, the control valve 52 is opened, and the water in the fire protection line enters the treatment tank 51 through the liquid inlet line 513. At this time, the solid alkali dissolves in the water, forming an alkaline solution.

[0337] The opening requirements of the above-mentioned control valve 52 are as follows: when the battery is about to have thermal runaway, or when thermal runaway has occurred, the control valve is opened. The control valve 52 generally adopts an automatic control valve, which is mainly opened by the sensor in the BMS system or the energy storage device. When opened by the BMS system, the BMS monitors the voltage, current and temperature of the battery in the energy storage device in real time. When the voltage, current and temperature of the battery exceed the threshold, the control valve opens. When opened by the sensor, the sensor is a sensor for detecting temperature, pressure, and gas, such as a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor or a smoke sensor, etc. The above-mentioned sensor is set in the energy storage box or in the battery module to monitor the temperature, pressure, combustible gas, etc. in real time. When the value monitored by the sensor exceeds the threshold, the control valve opens.

[0338] Furthermore, when installing the control valve 52, it is preferably installed on the liquid inlet line 513. When the battery experiences thermal runaway, since the firefighting line is filled with firefighting water, the control valve 52 can immediately direct the firefighting water from the firefighting line into the treatment tank 51 to form an alkaline solution, thereby promptly treating the thermal runaway flue gas. If the control valve 52 is installed on the firefighting line, after the control valve 52 is opened, the water in the firefighting line may need to pass through a section of empty firefighting line before entering the treatment tank 51. This will cause a certain time delay for the water in the firefighting line to enter the treatment tank 51, which may lead to the risk of untimely treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0339] After the fire water in the above-mentioned fire-fighting pipeline is introduced into the treatment tank 51, the treatment tank 51 is filled with solid alkali, and the fire-fighting water dissolves the solid alkali to form an alkaline solution. The solid alkali is generally solid sodium hydroxide, solid potassium hydroxide, solid barium hydroxide, etc., which, after being dissolved in the fire-fighting water, forms alkaline solutions such as sodium hydroxide solution, potassium hydroxide solution, and barium hydroxide solution. The above alkaline solution can not only react with carbonate substances in the electrolyte, preventing the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases and combustible gases, but also treat the thermal runaway flue gas to a certain extent at the source. The alkaline solution also has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can achieve effective treatment of some gases in the thermal runaway flue gas. In addition, the alkaline solution can also cool the thermal runaway flue gas to reduce the possibility of combustion after it is discharged.

[0340] For alkaline solutions, generally speaking, the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially alkaline solutions of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L. When thermal runaway flue gas passes through an alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is minimal, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or above. Therefore, overcoming the prejudice of the prior art, a low-concentration alkaline solution is used to treat thermal runaway flue gas, so that the alkaline solution can achieve more effective treatment of thermal runaway flue gas.

[0341] The following uses NaOH solution as an example of an alkaline solution to conduct a large number of battery thermal runaway tests. After horizontally comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, it was found that the volume of gas collected after the thermal runaway flue gas was the smallest after being treated with 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the effect was significant after being treated with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH solution, and the best effect after being treated with 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

[0342] When the thermal runaway flue gas is transported to the NaOH solution, the NaOH solution reacts with the electrolyte, CO2, POF3 and acidic substances such as HF in the thermal runaway flue gas. For example, the ester in the electrolyte reacts with the NaOH solution: CHOOCR+NaOH=RCOONa+CHOH; CO2 reacts with the NaOH solution: 2NaOH+CO2=Na2CO3+H2O; subsequently, CO2 will also react: Na2CO3+CO2+H2O=2NaHCO3; POF3 reacts with the NaOH solution: POF3+2NaOH=NaPF2O2+NaF+H2O; HF reacts with the NaOH solution: NaOH+HF=NaF+H2O. After the above reactions, the volume of the thermal runaway flue gas is greatly reduced.

[0343] According to the data in Tables 1 and 2, when the untreated flue gas from a fully charged 32650 battery undergoes thermal runaway, the collected gas volume is 4 L. When the flue gas is passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or higher, the collected gas volume generally exceeds 2 L, indicating unsatisfactory treatment results. When the flue gas is passed through a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution, the gas volume is relatively small, generally below 2 L. Treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L NaOH produces significant results, and treatment with 0.1 mol / L NaOH produces the smallest collected gas volume, only approximately 1 L, achieving the best results. Therefore, a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution is highly effective in treating the flue gas after battery thermal runaway.

[0344] Based on the above test results, as shown in Figures 17 and 18, a flow meter 53 is also installed on the liquid inlet pipeline 513 in this embodiment. This flow meter 53 controls the volume of fire water entering each treatment tank 51, so that the solid alkali dissolves in the fire water to form an alkaline solution of a certain concentration. When the flow meter 53 is installed, it can be installed on the liquid inlet pipeline at the same time as the control valve 52. When the volume of fire water entering the treatment tank 51 reaches the set value, the flow meter 53 closes the control valve 52. According to the above test structure, the ratio of the mass of solid alkali in each treatment tank 51 to the volume of fire water entering each treatment tank 51 is as follows: 2g to 10g of solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 1L of water.

[0345] In addition, in order to allow the alkaline solution formed in the treatment tank 51 to fully treat the thermal runaway flue gas, the following structural optimization can be performed on the treatment tank 51:

[0346] As shown in Figure 19, after the flue gas inlet 511 is positioned at the top of the treatment tank 51, a flue gas inlet pipe 515 is connected to the flue gas inlet 511 to ensure full contact between the thermal runaway flue gas and the alkaline solution within the treatment tank 51. At least a portion of the flue gas inlet pipe 515 is submerged in the alkaline solution. Optimally, the flue gas inlet pipe 515 extends to the bottom of the treatment tank 51, allowing it to be completely submerged in the alkaline solution. This allows the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact the alkaline solution within the treatment tank 51 as it passes through the treatment tank, effectively treating the thermal runaway flue gas with the alkaline solution, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the alkaline solution treatment.

[0347] As shown in Figure 19, a diversion portion 516 can also be provided at one end of the smoke inlet pipe 515 immersed in the alkaline solution. The diversion portion 516 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas and then reacts with the alkaline solution in the treatment tank 51, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters in a large flow and exits in a small flow, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the alkaline solution are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the alkaline solution. In this embodiment, the diversion portion 516 is a foam copper column, which is easy to install and has a better dispersion and diversion effect. When the foam copper column is specifically installed, it is fixed to the port of the smoke inlet pipe 515 at one end immersed in the alkaline solution. Foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foam copper column through the smoke inlet pipe 515, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas after diversion is fully in contact with the alkaline solution.

[0348] As shown in Figures 20 and 21, in order to further allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully react with the alkaline solution, a spiral baffle 517 is provided on the above-mentioned smoke inlet pipe 515, or a plurality of baffles 518 are provided on the smoke inlet pipe 515. The spiral baffle 517 or the plurality of baffles 518 increase the distance of the thermal runaway flue gas when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank 51, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is more fully in contact with the alkaline solution. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the flue gas inlet 511 of the treatment tank 51, then enters the bottom of the alkaline solution through the smoke inlet pipe 515, and then is dispersed by the foam copper column. Then, during the process of rising from the bottom, the spiral baffle 517 or the plurality of baffles 518 will allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact with the alkaline solution in the treatment tank 51, thereby performing the corresponding treatment. When specifically connected, the spiral baffle 517 can be fixed on the smoke inlet pipe 515. The baffle 518 is a semicircular baffle, and multiple baffles 518 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top and are respectively fixed on the smoke inlet pipe, and adjacent baffles 518 are installed in a staggered manner.

[0349] Example 13

[0350] As shown in Figure 22, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment is similar to the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in Example 12. The difference from Example 12 is that in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in this embodiment, the liquid inlet pipe 513 of the treatment tank 51 is used to connect with the temperature control pipe, and the cooling water in the temperature control pipe is introduced into the treatment tank 51. The solid alkali in the treatment tank 51 is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkaline solution.

[0351] To ensure reliable battery operation, existing energy storage devices are equipped with a temperature control system. This system typically delivers coolant, treated by a chiller or other device, to the battery accessories via a temperature control pipeline, controlling the battery temperature and ensuring operation within an optimal temperature range. This temperature control system typically uses cooling water as the coolant. In this case, the temperature control pipeline of the temperature control system can be connected to the liquid inlet pipeline 513 of the treatment tank 51. When the battery is about to experience thermal runaway, the cooling water in the temperature control pipeline is introduced into the treatment tank 51. The solid alkali in the treatment tank 51 is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkaline solution.

[0352] In this embodiment, the liquid inlet line 513 is typically connected to the liquid inlet line of the temperature control line. This connection has the advantage that the cooling water in the liquid inlet line, after being cooled by a chiller or other device, is at a relatively low temperature. When the cooling water is introduced into the treatment tank 51 to form an alkaline solution, the temperature of the alkaline solution is also relatively low. This low-temperature alkaline solution effectively cools the thermal runaway flue gas, resulting in a lower temperature for the treated flue gas, reducing the likelihood of combustion after exhaust.

[0353] As shown in Figure 22, the connection between the processing tank 51 and the liquid inlet pipe 513 in this embodiment is also slightly different. In this embodiment, an opening is machined on the side wall of the processing tank 51 to communicate with its inner cavity. The liquid inlet pipe 513 is then mounted on this opening by welding or threading. However, compared to the connection method in Example 12, this connection method requires re-manufacturing the processing tank 51.

[0354] Similar to Example 12, if there are multiple treatment tanks 51 in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, multiple liquid inlet pipelines 513 can also be connected to a manifold 54, and the manifold 54 is connected to the temperature control pipeline.

[0355] Example 14

[0356] This embodiment provides an energy storage device, which primarily includes an energy storage box, a battery cluster, a battery management system (BMS), a temperature control system, and a fire protection system. The battery cluster includes multiple battery modules, each tightly packed within the energy storage box. Based on the above structure, the energy storage device in this embodiment also includes the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of Example 12 or Example 13.

[0357] The liquid inlet pipe in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is connected to the firefighting pipe of the firefighting system. The liquid inlet pipe introduces firefighting water from the firefighting pipe into the treatment tank, where the solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by the firefighting water to form an alkaline solution. Alternatively, the liquid inlet pipe in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is connected to the temperature control pipe of the temperature control system. The liquid inlet pipe introduces cooling water from the temperature control pipe into the treatment tank, where the solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkaline solution.

[0358] In addition, the energy storage device in this embodiment also includes a fire protection system and a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device can lead out the thermal runaway flue gas of the thermal runaway battery and then treat it to prevent the thermal runaway flue gas from accumulating in the battery housing. At the same time, after the thermal runaway flue gas is led out and treated, it can prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway of other batteries due to heat diffusion when individual batteries are in thermal runaway. When there is thermal runaway flue gas in the energy storage box or the battery burns or explodes, the fire protection system prevents the thermal runaway flue gas from igniting a fire or extinguishes the battery that has already caught fire. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the fire protection system cooperate to provide safety protection for the batteries of the entire energy storage device, thereby improving the safety of the entire energy storage device.

[0359] Example 15

[0360] When a lithium-ion battery experiences thermal runaway, the high temperature causes the decomposition of the negative electrode SEI film, the decomposition of the positive electrode active material, and the oxidation and decomposition of the electrolyte. This produces a large amount of gas, causing the gas inside the lithium-ion battery to expand and the pressure to rise rapidly, which can cause the battery to explode or burn. During this process, a large amount of high-temperature, flammable, and toxic gases are released from the battery.

[0361] There are several existing methods for dealing with battery thermal runaway flue gas:

[0362] 1. Use firefighting equipment to suppress the release of thermal runaway fumes from the battery to the external environment, preventing further accidents. 2. Use adsorption devices to absorb thermal runaway fumes, minimizing or even preventing their release to the external environment. 3. Use ignition components to ignite thermal runaway fumes, minimizing or even preventing their release to the external environment.

[0363] Existing adsorption devices generally have the following two types: the first type is a treatment tank filled with a solid medium, and the second type is a treatment tank filled with a liquid medium. However, in practice, it is found that the adsorption effect of the above two types of adsorption devices on thermal runaway flue gas is not ideal.

[0364] The basic principle of this application is to treat the thermal runaway flue gas using the principle of liquid medium adsorption. The treatment tank 61 is filled with a liquid treatment medium. Under the action of the thermal runaway flue gas, the stirring component 62 begins to rotate and stirs the liquid treatment medium, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium are fully in contact, greatly improving the adsorption effect of the thermal runaway flue gas. Specifically, the thermal runaway flue gas can cause the stirring component 62 to start rotating in the following two ways:

[0365] The first one is that the stirring assembly 62 includes a stirring shaft, a rotating motor and a flue gas sensor. In this method, the thermal runaway flue gas will be sensed by the flue gas sensor after being discharged, and the flue gas sensor can trigger the rotating electrode to start rotating, thereby driving the stirring shaft to start rotating.

[0366] The second type, the stirring assembly 62 includes a driving wheel 621, a stirring shaft 622 and a nozzle 623; the outer wall of the driving wheel 621 is evenly distributed with multiple blades 6211 in the circumferential direction, and the stirring shaft 622 is provided with spiral blades 6221; one end of the nozzle 623 is connected to the battery thermal runaway smoke exhaust port, and the other end is used to spray the thermal runaway smoke onto the blades 6211 of the driving wheel, thereby driving the stirring shaft 622 to rotate.

[0367] Compared with the structure of the first stirring assembly, the structure of the second stirring assembly 62 does not require a special rotating motor and flue gas sensor to be set for the stirring assembly. It only requires a driving wheel and a nozzle. Not only is the structure simpler, but the cost is also lower. At the same time, in the first method, the rotating motor and the flue gas sensor are both electrical components, and the probability of failure is higher. If any one of them fails, the stirring device will fail. However, the second nozzle and driving wheel structure will not fail, so the second stirring assembly has higher reliability.

[0368] If the first stirring assembly 62 is used, the stirring shaft is located inside the processing tank, the rotating motor is installed outside the processing tank, and the flue gas sensor is located between the battery thermal runaway flue gas exhaust port and the processing tank.

[0369] If the second stirring assembly 62 is used, in order to make the layout within the processing tank more reasonable, in this embodiment, a horizontal partition 63 is sealed within the processing tank 61, dividing the processing tank 61 into a liquid adsorption chamber 611 and a gas temporary storage chamber 612. The nozzle 623 and the driving wheel 621 are both disposed within the gas temporary storage chamber 612, and the stirring shaft 622 is located within the liquid adsorption chamber 611. At least one one-way valve 64 is disposed on the horizontal partition 63, which allows gas within the gas temporary storage chamber 612 to be transferred to the liquid adsorption chamber 611. In this stirring assembly, an oil seal 65 is disposed between the stirring shaft 622 and the horizontal partition 63 to prevent the liquid medium from leaking into the gas temporary storage chamber 612.

[0370] Preferably, in the second stirring assembly 62, the diameter of the nozzle 623 gradually becomes smaller along the flow direction of the thermal runaway flue gas, and the thermal runaway flue gas ejected from the nozzle 623 has a large impulse, which acts on the various blades 6211 of the driving wheel 621, thereby making the stirring shaft 622 have sufficient driving force.

[0371] Preferably, in the second stirring assembly 62, a copper powder sintered filter element 66 is provided at the port of the one-way valve 64 facing the liquid medium chamber. The copper powder sintered filter element 66 can disperse the thermal runaway flue gas entering the liquid adsorption chamber, thereby further improving the adsorption effect of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0372] The liquid treatment medium includes one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a combustible gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent. Preferably, the liquid treatment medium provided in this embodiment is mainly composed of a mixture of an electrolyte activity inhibitor, a liquid flame retardant, and an ionic liquid;

[0373] The electrolyte activity inhibitor is a liquid with a boiling point of more than 150 degrees Celsius and miscible with the electrolyte, specifically including one or more of liquid organic ether, ethylene glycol, and 107 silicone rubber, and is used to adsorb the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas;

[0374] Liquid flame retardants are used to dilute combustible gases in thermal runaway flue gas to reduce their flammability, and may specifically include one or more of ethyl benzoate, trimethyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, trifluoroethyl phosphate, dimethyl methyl phosphate, triisopropylphenyl phosphate, diphenyl cresol phosphate, diphenyl monooctyl phosphate, alkyl phosphate, hexamethylphosphoric triamide, tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphite, fluorinated acrylate, dimethyl formate, methyl acetate, methyl propionate, and γ-butyrolactone;

[0375] Ionic liquids are used to treat acidic gases in thermal runaway flue gas, and specifically may include one or more of imidazoles, quaternary ammonium salts, pyridines, and pyrazoles.

[0376] After the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the above adsorption liquid, the electrolyte, combustible gas and acidic gas in the runaway flue gas of the lithium battery are adsorbed and treated as much as possible, ensuring that the treated gas is non-flammable, thereby improving the purification effect. At the same time, the safety of the lithium battery is greatly improved, and the treated gas is non-flammable and safe.

[0377] When the amount of thermal runaway flue gas in the battery is too large and the adsorption device is unable to fully adsorb the thermal runaway flue gas, in some other embodiments, the adsorption device also includes a collection bag, which is connected to the liquid adsorption chamber of the treatment tank, and can collect a small amount of flue gas in the treatment tank that is not completely adsorbed, thereby avoiding the thermal runaway flue gas from being discharged into the external environment and causing pollution to the external environment.

[0378] Alternatively, in some other embodiments, the adsorption device further includes an ignition assembly, which is connected to the liquid adsorption chamber of the treatment tank and can ignite a small amount of flue gas that has not been completely adsorbed in the treatment tank, thereby avoiding the emission of thermal runaway flue gas into the external environment and causing pollution to the external environment.

[0379] A thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas to avoid the safety hazards caused by the direct discharge of the thermal runaway flue gas. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes a plurality of treatment tanks, which are filled with a liquid treatment medium. After the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank, its flammability is greatly reduced. Before use, the above-mentioned treatment tanks generally need to undergo corresponding airtightness pressure leak detection tests to ensure the sealing and reliability of the treatment tanks during subsequent use. When the treatment tank is subjected to a pressure leak detection test, the first pressure leak detection test is generally performed on an empty treatment tank. After the first pressure leak detection test is completed, the treatment tank is filled with the liquid treatment medium, and then multiple treatment tanks are connected through an intermediate pipeline. After the multiple treatment tanks are connected, a second pressure leak detection test is required for the intermediate pipeline between the treatment tanks. The two pressure leak detection tests make the airtightness detection time of the treatment tank longer and the detection efficiency lower.

[0380] In addition, since the treatment tank is filled with liquid treatment medium, during the second pressure leak test, the liquid treatment medium in the previous treatment tank may be squeezed into the next treatment tank by the high-pressure gas used for detection, and the liquid treatment media in each treatment tank may be mixed with each other, resulting in poor treatment effect of the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device on the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0381] Example 16

[0382] Existing energy storage devices and power battery packs typically consist of a battery case and multiple cells, which are connected in series and parallel within the case to meet charging and discharging requirements. Due to the high concentration of cells in energy storage devices and power battery packs, factors such as overcharge, over-discharge, overheating, and mechanical impact can easily cause the battery separator to collapse and internal short circuits, leading to thermal runaway. For batteries experiencing thermal runaway, a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device can be used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage device and power battery pack during use.

[0383] The above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas treatment device generally includes multiple treatment tanks, each of which contains a liquid treatment medium. Before use, the treatment tank generally needs to undergo a corresponding airtightness pressure leak test to ensure the sealing and reliability of the treatment tank during subsequent use.

[0384] The present application provides a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and an air tightness detection method thereof. A three-way valve is provided on the flue gas outlet or the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, so that the treatment tank only needs to be pressure-tested for leaks once to complete the air tightness detection, which greatly shortens the air tightness detection time and improves the detection efficiency. At the same time, the treatment tank with this structure also avoids the problem of cross-flow mixing of liquid treatment media during the second pressure-test for leaks.

[0385] As shown in Figures 26 to 29, the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device provided in this embodiment includes N treatment tanks 71 connected in series, where N is greater than or equal to 2; each treatment tank 71 has a accommodating cavity 711 filled with a liquid treatment medium; the treatment tank 71 is provided with a flue gas inlet 712 and a flue gas outlet 713 connected to the accommodating cavity 711; one of the flue gas inlet 712 and the flue gas outlet 713 is connected to an intermediate pipeline 72, and the other is connected to a three-way valve 73, the first port 731 in the three-way valve 73 is connected to the accommodating cavity of each treatment tank 71, and the third port 733 is used to inject liquid treatment medium, the second port on the Mth treatment tank is used to be connected to the intermediate pipeline of the M+1th treatment tank, 1≤M<N. That is to say, the first port on each treatment tank 71 is used to connect to the flue gas inlet 712 or the flue gas outlet 713, the third port 733 is only used to inject liquid treatment medium, and the second port is mainly used to realize the series connection of each treatment tank 71 or to realize the connection with the external pipeline. The connection with the external pipeline is mainly realized by the 1st or Nth treatment tank.

[0386] As shown in Figure 27, the shape of the above-mentioned treatment tank 71 is not limited, and can be a rectangular tank body, a circular tank body, an elliptical tank body, and the like. In this embodiment, the treatment tank 71 specifically adopts a circular tank body, and the circular tank body has good pressure-bearing performance. The circular tank body can be composed of a circular cylinder with one end open and an end cover arranged at the open end, or it can be composed of a circular cylinder with both ends open and two end covers arranged at the open ends. When the end cover is connected to the circular cylinder, it can be threaded, flanged, bonded with sealant, or welded. Regardless of the connection method, attention must be paid to the sealing of the connection. Since the thermal runaway flue gas is a high-temperature and high-pressure gas, welding is preferably used to connect the end cover to the circular cylinder.

[0387] As shown in Figures 28 and 29, in the above-mentioned treatment tank 71, the hollow cavity formed by the circular cylinder and the end cover is a receiving chamber 711 filled with a liquid treatment medium. At the same time, each treatment tank 71 is provided with a flue gas inlet 712 and a flue gas outlet 713 connected to the receiving chamber 711. The flue gas inlet 712 and the flue gas outlet 713 can be set on the side wall of the circular cylinder, on the end cover at the top of the circular cylinder, or on the end cover at the bottom of the circular cylinder. When the flue gas outlet 713 is specifically arranged, it is best to arrange the flue gas outlet 713 at the top of the treatment tank 71 to facilitate the discharge of the treated thermal runaway flue gas. When the flue gas inlet 712 is specifically arranged, it can be arranged at the top of the treatment tank 71 or at the bottom of the treatment tank 71. To facilitate the connection of each treatment tank 71, it is preferred to arrange the flue gas inlet 712 at the top of the treatment tank 71. In this case, each treatment tank 71 only needs to be connected at the top, which improves the connectivity of the entire thermal runaway flue gas treatment device and the compactness of the pipeline layout. In addition, the above-mentioned intermediate pipeline can adopt metal bellows. After the metal bellows are connected, each processing tank 71 can be arranged according to the requirements of the installation space, meeting various installation requirements and saving installation space.

[0388] In other embodiments, the flue gas inlet 712 may also be provided on the side wall of the circular cylinder of the treatment tank 71 or on the bottom of the circular cylinder. In this case, when the treatment tanks 71 are connected, the intermediate pipeline 72 is longer and the intermediate pipeline 72 is stacked and crossed, which increases the inconvenience of the connection.

[0389] As shown in Figure 28, a three-way valve 73 is provided on the above-mentioned flue gas inlet 712 or the flue gas outlet 713. The three-way valve 73 can specifically be a three-way ball valve or the like. During installation, in order to facilitate the injection of the liquid treatment medium, the three-way valve 73 is preferably installed on the top of the treatment tank 71. Since the flue gas inlet 712 and the flue gas outlet 713 in this embodiment are both provided on the top of the treatment tank 71, the three-way ball valve can be connected to the flue gas inlet 712 or the flue gas outlet 713. During specific connection, the first port 731 of the three-way valve 73 is connected to the flue gas inlet 712 or the flue gas outlet 713, the second port 732 is used to connect the intermediate pipeline 72 of the adjacent treatment tank 71, and the third port 733 is used to inject the liquid treatment medium.

[0390] As shown in Figure 29, after the flue gas inlet 712 is positioned at the top of the treatment tank 71, an air inlet pipe 714 is connected to the flue gas inlet 712 to ensure full contact between the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium within the treatment tank 71. At least a portion of the air inlet pipe 714 is submerged in the liquid treatment medium. Optimally, the air inlet pipe 714 extends to the bottom of the treatment tank 71, allowing it to be completely submerged in the liquid treatment medium. As the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank 71, it fully contacts the liquid treatment medium within the treatment tank 71, effectively treating the thermal runaway flue gas with the liquid treatment medium, thereby enhancing the treatment effectiveness of the liquid treatment medium.

[0391] As shown in Figure 29, a diverter 715 is provided at one end of the above-mentioned air inlet pipe immersed in the liquid treatment medium. The diverter 715 disperses and diverts the thermal runaway flue gas and then reacts with the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank, so that the thermal runaway flue gas enters in a large flow and exits in a small flow, which is beneficial to the dispersion of the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the thermal runaway flue gas and the liquid treatment medium are fully contacted and reacted, thereby improving the treatment effect of the liquid treatment medium. In this embodiment, the diverter 715 is a foam copper column, which is easy to install and has a better dispersion and diversion effect. When the foam copper column is specifically installed, it is fixed to the port of the air inlet pipe 714 at one end immersed in the liquid treatment medium. Foam copper is a structure with a large number of three-dimensional holes in a copper matrix, which has a dispersing and buffering effect on the fluid. When in use, it is processed into a columnar structure, and the thermal runaway flue gas flows out from the foam copper column through the air inlet pipe 714, and then flows out through the side wall or bottom of the foam copper column to achieve the dispersion and buffering effect on the thermal runaway flue gas, so that the diverted thermal runaway flue gas can fully contact with the liquid treatment medium.

[0392] As shown in Figures 29 and 30, in order to further allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully react with the liquid treatment medium, a spiral baffle 716 is provided on the above-mentioned air inlet pipe 714, or a plurality of baffles 717 are provided on the air inlet pipe 714. The spiral baffle 716 or the plurality of baffles 717 increase the distance of the thermal runaway flue gas when the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the treatment tank, so that the thermal runaway flue gas is more fully in contact with the liquid treatment medium. The thermal runaway flue gas enters from the air inlet of the treatment tank 71, then enters the bottom of the liquid treatment medium through the air inlet pipe 714, and then is dispersed by the foam copper column. Then, during the process of rising from the bottom, the spiral baffle 716 or the plurality of baffles 717 will allow the thermal runaway flue gas to fully contact with the liquid treatment medium in the treatment tank 71, thereby performing corresponding treatment. During the specific connection, the spiral baffle 716 can be fixed on the air inlet pipe 714. The baffles 717 are semicircular baffles, and multiple baffles are arranged in sequence from bottom to top and fixed on the air inlet pipe 714 respectively, and adjacent baffles 717 are installed in a staggered manner.

[0393] As shown in FIG31 , after the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device of the above structure is assembled, it is subjected to a pressure leak test before being filled with the liquid treatment medium. The pressure leak test includes the following steps:

[0394] S1. Connect an air pump 74 to the middle pipe of the first treatment tank 71 in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, and install a plug 75 on the middle pipe 72 of the last treatment tank 71;

[0395] S2, the second ports 732 of the three-way valves 73 on all the processing tanks 71 are opened, and the third ports 733 are closed;

[0396] S3, turning on the air pump 74 to perform air tightness testing on each processing tank 71;

[0397] S4. After the airtightness test is passed, the second port 732 on each processing tank 71 is closed, the third port 733 is opened, and the liquid processing medium is injected into the processing tank 71;

[0398] S5. After the liquid treatment medium is injected into each treatment tank, the second port 732 on each treatment tank is opened and the third port 733 is closed.

[0399] From the above process, it can be seen that after adding a three-way valve 73 to each processing tank 71, only one pressure leak test is required to complete the air tightness test, and there is no need to perform a secondary pressure leak test, which greatly improves the efficiency of the air tightness test and avoids the problem of cross-flow mixing of liquid treatment media during the secondary pressure leak test.

[0400] After the air tightness test is completed, each treatment tank 71 needs to be filled with liquid treatment medium. Each treatment tank 71 can be partially filled with liquid treatment medium or fully filled with liquid treatment medium. The liquid treatment medium can be a liquid coolant or a liquid adsorbent. The liquid coolant can be a coolant such as water, and the liquid adsorbent can be an alkali solution, ionic liquid, liquid flame retardant, electrolyte activity inhibitor, etc.; when filled with liquid coolant, the treatment tank serves as a thermal runaway flue gas cooling device, mainly used for cooling the thermal runaway flue gas; when filled with liquid adsorbent, the treatment tank serves as a thermal runaway flue gas adsorption device, mainly used for adsorption treatment of the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0401] In the above-mentioned thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, multiple treatment tanks 71 can be filled with the same liquid treatment medium or different liquid treatment media. The treatment tanks 71 filled with different liquid treatment media can be connected in any combination, that is, the thermal runaway flue gas can be cooled and then subjected to adsorption treatment, or the thermal runaway flue gas can be adsorbed and then cooled, or the thermal runaway flue gas can be cooled and then subjected to adsorption treatment, and then cooled and adsorbed again, and so on.

[0402] The thermal runaway flue gas during the thermal runaway of a lithium-ion battery mainly includes vaporized electrolyte and reaction gases such as CO2, CO, H2, CxHy, CxHyOz, CxHyF, POF3 and HF. The liquid treatment medium in this embodiment preferably adopts an alkaline solution. The alkaline solution can cool the thermal runaway flue gas and fully dissolve the electrolyte vapor in the thermal runaway flue gas in the alkaline solution. At the same time, the alkaline solution reacts with the carbonate substances in the electrolyte to prevent the vaporized electrolyte from continuing to produce harmful gases, thereby treating the thermal runaway flue gas to a certain extent at the source. In addition, the alkaline solution has a good treatment effect on acidic substances such as CO2, POF3 and HF, and can effectively treat the gases in the thermal runaway flue gas.

[0403] The above-mentioned alkaline solution can specifically be an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide, etc. The alkaline solution can not only dissolve the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas of the battery, but also has a good treatment effect on acidic gases such as CO2, POF3 and HF. At the same time, for alkaline solutions, generally the higher the concentration, the better the treatment effect on thermal runaway flue gas. However, the applicant found that low-concentration alkaline solutions have better treatment effects than high-concentration alkaline solutions, especially alkaline solutions of 0.05 to 0.5 mol / L. When the thermal runaway flue gas passes through the alkaline solution of this concentration, the amount of gas collected is the smallest, and its treatment effect is better than that of alkaline solutions with a concentration of 0.5 mol / L or above.

[0404] The following uses NaOH solution as an example to conduct a large number of battery thermal runaway tests. After horizontally comparing the treatment effects of water and NaOH solutions of different concentrations on thermal runaway flue gas, when the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery after thermal runaway is not treated in any way, the volume of gas collected is 4L. When the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery after thermal runaway is passed through pure water, the volume of gas collected is 2.5-3L. When the thermal runaway flue gas of a fully charged 32650 battery after thermal runaway is passed through a NaOH solution with a concentration of 0.5mol / L or above, the volume of gas collected is generally greater than 2L, indicating an unsatisfactory treatment effect. The data in Table 2 shows that after a fully charged 32650 battery experiences thermal runaway, the volume of the flue gas is relatively small, below 2L, after treatment with a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution. Treatment with 0.1-0.2 mol / L sodium hydroxide produces significant results, and treatment with 0.1 mol / L sodium hydroxide produces the smallest volume, only about 1L, achieving the best results. Therefore, a 0.05-0.5 mol / L NaOH solution is highly effective in treating the flue gas after a battery thermal runaway.

[0405] After the liquid treatment medium in each of the above-mentioned treatment tanks 71 is filled, it is connected to the energy storage equipment or power battery pack through a flue gas manifold. During the specific installation, the first treatment tank 71 in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is used to be connected to the flue gas manifold, and the flue gas manifold is used to transport the battery thermal runaway flue gas to the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device for treatment. After the treatment, the thermal runaway flue gas can be discharged directly, collected in a collection bag, or ignited through an ignition device.

Claims

1. A thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, characterized in that, The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated after the battery undergoes thermal runaway.

2. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, wherein The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes at least one treatment tank, and a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are provided on the treatment tank; the treatment tank is filled with an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway.

3. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The alkali solution in the treatment tank is a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

4. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 2, wherein A dispersion assembly is arranged in the treatment tank, which is used to disperse and shunt the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank.

5. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first one-way valve is arranged at the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank, and a second one-way valve is arranged at the flue gas outlet. A perforated plate is also provided at the top of the cavity of the treatment tank.

6. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 2, wherein, It further includes an adsorption pipeline connected to the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank, and the adsorption pipeline is filled with an adsorption medium.

7. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes at least one treatment tank and an ignition unit; a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet are provided on the treatment tank; the treatment tank is filled with an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway; the ignition unit is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas after being treated by the alkali solution.

8. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 7, wherein The alkali solution in the treatment tank is a 0.1 mol / L NaOH solution.

9. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A dispersion assembly is arranged in the treatment tank, which is used to disperse and shunt the thermal runaway flue gas entering the treatment tank. A first one-way valve is arranged at the flue gas inlet of the treatment tank, and a second one-way valve is arranged at the flue gas outlet. A perforated plate is also provided at the top of the cavity of the treatment tank.

10. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that, The ignition unit includes a flue gas pipeline and at least one group of ignition components. The flue gas pipeline is connected to the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank; the ignition component includes an exhaust pipe and an igniter, the exhaust pipe is connected to the flue gas pipeline, and the igniter is used to ignite the thermal runaway flue gas discharged from the exhaust pipe.

11. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 10, wherein, It further includes an adsorption pipeline connected between the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank and the inlet of the flue gas pipeline, and the adsorption pipeline is filled with an adsorption medium.

12. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, wherein, The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes a first treatment device and a second treatment device. The first treatment device includes at least one first treatment tank, and a first flue gas inlet and a first flue gas outlet are provided on the first treatment tank; the first treatment tank is filled with an organic solvent, which is used to treat the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas, and the organic solvent is an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent or an aldehyde solvent; the second treatment device is connected to the first treatment device and includes at least one second treatment tank, and a second flue gas inlet and a second flue gas outlet are provided on the second treatment tank; the second treatment tank is filled with an adsorption medium, which is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the first treatment device.

13. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 12, wherein The ester solvent is a methyl salicylate solvent or a diethyl phthalate solvent, and the alcohol solvent is an isoamyl alcohol solvent, a benzyl alcohol solvent, an isobutanol solvent or an isooctyl alcohol solvent.

14. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The ester solvent is a diethyl phthalate solvent, and the alcohol solvent is an isoamyl alcohol solvent.

15. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 12, wherein, The second treatment tank is a slender pipeline, and the slender pipeline is filled with an adsorption medium.

16. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 12, wherein A dispersion component is arranged inside the first treatment tank and is used for dispersing and diverting the thermal runaway flue gas entering the first treatment tank.

17. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 12, wherein, The first flue gas inlet is arranged at the bottom of the first treatment tank, and a first one-way valve is arranged at the first flue gas inlet.

18. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 12, characterized in that, A perforated plate is further arranged at the top of the cavity of the first treatment tank.

19. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The adsorption medium is activated carbon.

20. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes a liquid treatment device and a gas generation device; the liquid treatment device includes at least one treatment tank, and the treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet communicated with its inner cavity, and the treatment tank is filled with a liquid treatment medium which is mainly used for treating the electrolyte in the thermal runaway flue gas; the gas generation device is used for generating a flame retardant gas, and discharging the flame retardant gas after being mixed with the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the liquid treatment device.

21. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 20, wherein, The liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution.

22. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 21, wherein, The alkali solution is a 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L NaOH solution.

23. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 20, wherein A three-way valve is arranged at the flue gas outlet of the treatment tank. The first port of the three-way valve is communicated with the inner cavity of the treatment tank, the third port is used for injecting the liquid treatment medium, and the second port is used for discharging the thermal runaway flue gas.

24. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 23, wherein, Both the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are arranged at the top of the treatment tank. The flue gas inlet is connected with a smoke inlet pipe, at least a part of the smoke inlet pipe can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium, and a diversion part is arranged at the end of the smoke inlet pipe immersed in the liquid treatment medium.

25. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 24, wherein, A spiral baffle is arranged on the smoke inlet pipe or a plurality of baffle plates are arranged on the smoke inlet pipe to increase the passing stroke of the thermal runaway flue gas in the treatment tank.

26. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 20 to 25, characterized in that, The gas generation device includes at least one gas generation tank; the gas generation tank includes a first tank body, a second tank body and a smoke pipe; a gas outlet communicated with its inner cavity is arranged on the first tank body; the second tank body is arranged inside the first tank body, and an opening is arranged on the second tank body, and a separator is installed on the opening; the inlet of the smoke pipe extends to the outside of the first tank body and is provided with a one-way valve, and the outlet of the smoke pipe is communicated with the inner cavity of the second tank body and is used for conveying the thermal runaway flue gas into the second tank body; a first reaction medium is arranged inside the first tank body, a second reaction medium is arranged inside the second tank body, the separator is opened after the pressure in the second tank body reaches a set value, the first reaction medium and the second reaction medium come into contact and react to generate a flame retardant gas, and the flame retardant gas and the thermal runaway flue gas are mixed and discharged through the gas outlet on the first tank body.

27. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 26, wherein, A mixing structure is arranged inside the first tank body. The mixing structure is a plurality of baffle plates fixed on the inner wall of the first tank body, and a filter screen is arranged below the mixing structure.

28. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 26, characterized in that, The flame retardant gas is carbon dioxide, the first reaction medium is water, and the second reaction medium is solid sodium bicarbonate and aluminum sulfate.

29. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 26, wherein, The second tank body is a cylindrical structure with an open bottom, the open end of which is fixed on the bottom plate of the first tank body. The gas outlet is arranged at the top of the first tank body, the separator is arranged at the top of the second tank body, and the separator is a separation membrane.

30. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes at least one treatment tank; a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet communicating with the inner cavity of the treatment tank are provided on the treatment tank, and solid alkali is filled in the treatment tank; a liquid inlet pipeline is connected to the treatment tank, and the liquid inlet pipeline is used to introduce external water into the treatment tank. After the solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by water, an alkali solution is formed, and the alkali solution is used to treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

31. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 30, wherein, A control valve and a flowmeter are arranged on the liquid inlet pipeline.

32. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 31, characterized in that, The solid alkali is solid sodium hydroxide, and the ratio of solid sodium hydroxide to water is that 2g - 10g of solid sodium hydroxide is dissolved by 1L of water.

33. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 30 to 32, characterized in that, Both the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are arranged at the top of the treatment tank. The flue gas inlet is connected with a flue gas inlet pipeline. At least a part of the flue gas inlet pipeline can be immersed in the alkali solution, and a flow dividing part is arranged at the end of the flue gas inlet pipeline immersed in the alkali solution.

34. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 33, wherein, A spiral baffle is arranged on the flue gas inlet pipeline or multiple baffle plates are arranged on the flue gas inlet pipeline to increase the travel distance of the thermal runaway flue gas passing through the treatment tank.

35. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 33, characterized in that, There are multiple treatment tanks. A three-way valve is provided on the flue gas outlet of each treatment tank. The first port of the three-way valve communicates with the inner cavity of the treatment tank, the second port is used for discharging the thermal runaway flue gas, and the third port is connected with the liquid inlet pipeline. Each liquid inlet pipeline is connected with a confluence pipe.

36. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 33, wherein There are multiple treatment tanks. The liquid inlet pipelines of each treatment tank are arranged on the side wall of the treatment tank body, and each liquid inlet pipeline is connected with a confluence pipe.

37. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, wherein the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes a treatment tank communicated with the battery thermal runaway flue gas discharge port; characterized in that, It further includes a stirring assembly. A liquid treatment medium is filled in the treatment tank; the stirring assembly starts to rotate under the action of the thermal runaway flue gas to stir the liquid treatment medium, so that the liquid treatment medium fully absorbs the thermal runaway flue gas.

38. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 37, characterized in that, The stirring assembly includes a driving wheel, a stirring shaft and a nozzle; the driving wheel is fixedly connected with the stirring shaft. A plurality of blades are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the driving wheel, and spiral blades are arranged on the stirring shaft; one end of the nozzle is communicated with the battery thermal runaway flue gas discharge port, and the other end is used for spraying the thermal runaway flue gas onto the blades of the driving wheel, and then driving the stirring shaft to rotate.

39. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 38, characterized in that, A horizontal partition board is hermetically arranged in the treatment tank. The horizontal partition board divides the treatment tank into a liquid adsorption cavity and a gas temporary storage cavity; the nozzle and the driving wheel are both arranged in the gas temporary storage cavity, and the stirring shaft is located in the liquid adsorption cavity; at least one one-way valve is arranged on the horizontal partition board, and the one-way valve allows the gas in the gas temporary storage cavity to be transmitted to the adsorption cavity.

40. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 39, characterized in that, The caliber of the nozzle gradually becomes smaller along the flowing direction of the thermal runaway flue gas.

41. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 40, wherein, A copper powder sintered filter element is arranged at the port of the one-way valve facing the liquid medium cavity.

42. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 41, wherein, The liquid treatment medium includes one or more of an electrolyte adsorbent, a combustible gas treatment agent, and an acidic gas treatment agent.

43. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 37 to 42, characterized in that It further includes a collection bag; the collection bag is communicated with the treatment tank.

44. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 37 to 42, characterized in that, It further includes an ignition assembly; the ignition assembly is communicated with the treatment tank.

45. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 1, wherein, The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device includes N treatment tanks connected in series in sequence, where N is greater than or equal to 2; each treatment tank has a receiving cavity filled with a liquid treatment medium, and the treatment tank is provided with a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet communicating with the receiving cavity; one of the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet is connected with an intermediate pipeline, and the other is connected with a three-way valve. The first port of the three-way valve communicates with the receiving cavity, the third port is used for injecting the liquid treatment medium, and the second port on the Mth treatment tank is used for connecting with the intermediate pipeline of the (M + 1)th treatment tank, where 1 ≤ M < N.

46. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 45, characterized in that, Both the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are arranged at the top of the treatment tank. The flue gas inlet is connected with an inlet pipe located in the receiving cavity, and at least a part of the inlet pipe can be immersed in the liquid treatment medium.

47. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 46, wherein, A shunt part is arranged at one end of the inlet pipe immersed in the liquid treatment medium.

48. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 47, characterized in that, The shunt part is a copper foam column.

49. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 46, wherein, A spiral baffle is arranged on the inlet pipe to increase the passing stroke of the thermal runaway flue gas in the receiving cavity.

50. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 46, wherein, A plurality of baffle plates are arranged on the inlet pipe to increase the passing stroke of the thermal runaway flue gas in the receiving cavity.

51. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 45 to 50, characterized in that The liquid treatment medium is an alkali solution.

52. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 51, wherein, The liquid treatment medium is a 0.1 - 0.2 mol / L NaOH solution.

53. The thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to claim 51, wherein The intermediate pipeline is a metal bellows, and the intermediate pipeline is welded to the treatment tank.

54. A energy storage device, characterized in that, It includes a plurality of battery modules, a temperature control system, a fire protection system, and the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device according to any one of claims 30 to 36.

55. The energy storage device according to claim 54, characterized in that, The liquid inlet pipeline is connected with the fire protection pipeline of the fire protection system. The liquid inlet pipeline introduces the fire protection water in the fire protection pipeline into the treatment tank, and the solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by the fire protection water to form an alkali solution.

56. The energy storage device according to claim 54, wherein, The liquid inlet pipeline is connected with the temperature control pipeline of the temperature control system. The liquid inlet pipeline introduces the cooling water in the temperature control pipeline into the treatment tank, and the solid alkali in the treatment tank is dissolved by the cooling water to form an alkali solution.

57. The energy storage device according to claim 56, wherein, The liquid inlet pipeline is used for connecting with the liquid inlet pipeline in the temperature control pipeline.

58. A method for detecting the airtightness of a thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, which is used for the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device in claims 45 to 53, and is characterized in that S1. Connect an air pump to the intermediate pipeline of the first treatment tank in the thermal runaway flue gas treatment device, and install a plug on the intermediate pipeline of the last treatment tank; S2. Open all the second ports of the three-way valves on all treatment tanks and close all the third ports; S3. Start the air pump to detect the airtightness of each treatment tank; S4. After the airtightness detection is qualified, close the second ports of each treatment tank and open the third ports to inject the liquid treatment medium into the treatment tank; S5. After injecting the liquid treatment medium into each treatment tank, open all the second ports of each treatment tank and close all the third ports.

59. A method for treating hot runaway flue gas, characterized in that, The method includes: Transporting the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway into a 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L alkali solution to treat the thermal runaway flue gas.

60. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 59, wherein, The concentration of the alkali solution is 0.1 - 0.2 mol / L.

61. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 60, characterized in that, The concentration of the alkali solution is 0.1 mol / L.

62. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 59, wherein, The alkali solution is a NaOH solution.

63. The method for treating hot runaway flue gas according to any one of claims 59 to 62, characterized in that, The method further includes a process of transporting the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the alkali solution to an adsorption medium for treatment.

64. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 63, wherein, The adsorption medium is activated carbon.

65. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 63, wherein, In the method described above, the thermal runaway flue gas generated by the battery with a C1AH capacity is treated with at least (0.05×C1) L of alkali solution and (32×C1) g of adsorption medium.

66. A method for treating hot runaway flue gas, characterized in that, The method described above includes: Conveying the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway into an alkali solution with a concentration of 0.05 - 0.5 mol / L, and the alkali solution treats the thermal runaway flue gas; Conducting an ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the alkali solution.

67. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 66, wherein, The concentration of the alkali solution is 0.1 - 0.2 mol / L.

68. The method for treating hot runaway flue gas according to claim 67, characterized in that, The concentration of the alkali solution is 0.1 mol / L.

69. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 66, characterized in that, The alkali solution is a NaOH solution.

70. The method for treating hot runaway flue gas according to any one of claims 66 to 69, characterized in that, The method also includes a process of conveying the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the alkali solution into the adsorption medium for treatment, and conducting an ignition treatment on the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the adsorption medium.

71. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 70, characterized in that, The adsorption medium is activated carbon.

72. A method for treating thermal runaway flue gas, characterized in that, The method described above includes: Conveying the thermal runaway flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway into an organic solvent, and treating the electrolyte carried in the thermal runaway flue gas by the principle of similar solubility; the organic solvent is at least one of an ester solvent, an alcohol solvent, or an aldehyde solvent; Conveying the thermal runaway flue gas treated by the organic solvent into the adsorption medium for treatment.

73. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 72, wherein, The ester solvent is a methyl salicylate solvent or a diethyl phthalate solvent, and the alcohol solvent is an isopentyl alcohol solvent, a benzyl alcohol solvent, an isobutyl alcohol solvent, or an isooctyl alcohol solvent.

74. The method for treating thermal runaway flue gas according to claim 73, wherein The ester solvent is a diethyl phthalate solvent, and the alcohol solvent is an isopentyl alcohol solvent.

75. The method for treating hot runaway flue gas according to claim 72, wherein The adsorption medium is activated carbon.

Images