Pupation instrument, pupation promoting device, pupation device, breeding device, and breeding method for insects of genus zophobas

Abstract

Provided is a pupation instrument that facilitates a large number of larvae to naturally separate and pupate.　This pupation instrument for assisting in the pupation of insect larvae comprises a frame body 11 in which a plurality of squares 12 are formed, and a box body 20 that has a box shape of which the upper part is open and in which the frame body 11 is housed horizontally. An edge upper end of the box body 20 is located above the upper surface of the frame body 11 housed in the box body 20. The length of each square is in the range of 20-30 mm, and the threshold length of each square is in the range of 20-45 mm.

Description

Pupation device, pupation promotion device, pupation device, cultivation device, and cultivation method for Zophobas insects

[0001] The present invention relates to a pupation device, a pupation promoting device, a pupation device, a cultivation device, and a cultivation method for Zophobas insects.

[0002] The larvae of Zophobas morio (syn. Z. atratus) (FIG. 19) are known as superworms (also called giant mealworms or king mealworms).

[0003] Superworms are much larger than mealworms, the larvae of Tenebrio molitor and Tenebrio obscurus, which belong to the same family, and have very high nutritional value (high in protein and fat). Therefore, they are currently used as live bait for pets (reptiles, fish, birds, and small animals), either in the same way as mealworms or instead of them. In recent years, they have also attracted attention as livestock feed.

[0004] Given the above background, it is necessary to consider efficient farming techniques for mass production of superworms and other Zophobas insect larvae (often referred to as "superworms, etc." in this specification).

[0005] Patent No. 7322198

[0006] When considering the cultivation of superworms, there are currently no publicly available, generalized, dedicated cultivation techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to proceed with research and development by referring to conventionally known cultivation techniques for insects. For example, mealworms, which are classified in the same family and have similar larval forms, have long been used as live bait for pets, and the cultivation techniques for them have been established. Much of this technology can be applied to the cultivation of superworms, etc.

[0007] Furthermore, Patent Document 1 discloses a technology for automating the cultivation (introduction of larvae, feeding, and recovery of adult insects) of insects such as black soldier flies, flies, and mealworms.

[0008] However, superworms have unique properties not found in the insect larvae or mealworms disclosed in Patent Document 1. One of these properties is that the larvae do not pupate when they are in a crowded state.

[0009] All of the insects disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be reared in large numbers, and individuals of approximately the same developmental stage can be reared in the same container in crowded conditions, allowing them to grow from eggs to adults. For example, mealworms pupate even in crowded conditions where individuals come into contact with each other. However, superworms and other insects can also be reared in large numbers, but they do not pupate in crowded conditions. Therefore, simply applying the aquaculture technique disclosed in Patent Document 1, which involves placing a large number of larvae into a single aquaculture box, will not result in superworms and other insects pupating. Therefore, this aquaculture technique is not viable for obtaining large quantities of pupae for food or adults for subsequent generations in a multi-individual aquaculture environment. Pupation of superworms and other insects requires extremely laborious work, such as adding large amounts of wood chips or sawdust to a single aquaculture box to prevent contact between individuals, or manually transferring each individual into a separate container.

[0010] Furthermore, even if pupation of superworms and the like is successful by placing a large amount of wood chips or sawdust in the culture box, the number of individuals that can be supplied to one culture box will be quite limited, making it an inefficient method of culture.

[0011] Thus, when cultivating superworms, etc., the pupation process must be particularly considered.

[0012] The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and its purpose is to provide a pupation device that allows each individual to spontaneously separate and pupate even when a large number of superworms, etc. are housed in the same container, and to provide a pupation apparatus, aquaculture apparatus, and aquaculture method that use this pupation device.

[0013] To achieve the above-mentioned objective, the inventors conducted extensive research and developed a pupation device that has multiple artificial pupal chambers, each consisting of a predetermined size recess, arranged within a storage compartment, and equipped with escape walls on the outer edge of the storage compartment to prevent the escape of superworms and other insects. When using such a pupation device, even when a large number of superworms and other insects are fed into the pupation device, each superworm and other insects will move individually into their respective artificial pupal chambers and pupate there. In other words, by instinct, the superworms and other insects will pupate simultaneously in an environment where they do not come into contact with each other. Therefore, since there are no problems, such as the larvae not pupating themselves or the need to add numerous pieces of wood or sawdust, as in conventional pupation devices, the recovery of pupae from the pupation device or the adult insects that emerge from the pupae is greatly simplified and facilitated. The present invention is based on the results of this development and includes the following:

[0014] (1) A pupation device that assists in the pupation of larvae of Zophobas insects, comprising: a storage section with an open top that can accommodate multiple larvae of Zophobas insects; multiple artificial pupal chambers consisting of recesses arranged within the storage section; and an escape prevention wall arranged at the upper outer edge of the storage section that prevents the larvae from escaping from the storage section to the outside, wherein the artificial pupal chamber is large enough to accommodate the larvae in a pre-pupal state.

[0015] (2) The pupation device according to (1), wherein the artificial pupal chamber has a length of 11 mm or more and 40 mm or less, and a height of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.

[0016] (3) A pupation device according to (1) or (2), characterized in that the height of the escape prevention wall is longer than the total length of the larva in the late final stage.

[0017] (4) A pupation device according to (3), characterized in that the height of the escape prevention wall is greater than 50 mm.

[0018] (5) The pupation device according to any one of (1) to (4), characterized in that the artificial pupal chamber has one or more planar shapes selected from the group consisting of a square, a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, an equilateral triangle, and a regular n-gon (n is a natural number of 5 or more).

[0019] (6) A method for promoting pupation of Zophobus insects, comprising: a step of introducing a plurality of final-stage larvae of Zophobus insects into the storage section of a pupation device described in any one of (1) to (5); and a step of leaving the pupation device at 18°C ​​to 32°C for 5 days or more after the introduction step.

[0020] (7) A pupation device comprising: a rearing chamber for storing the pupation device described in (1); a sensor for detecting the temperature and humidity of the rearing chamber; a temperature control device for changing the temperature of the rearing chamber; a humidity control device for changing the humidity of the rearing chamber; and a controller for controlling the temperature control device and the humidity control device based on a signal from the sensor.

[0021] (8) An aquaculture device characterized by comprising a larva supply unit that supplies multiple final-stage larvae of Zophobus insects to the pupation device described in (1), a drive unit that drives the pupation device, and a recovery unit that recovers pupae or adults obtained by metamorphosis of the larvae from the pupation device.

[0022] (9) A method for cultivating Zophobus insects using the cultivating device described in (8), comprising the steps of: supplying final-stage larvae of the plurality of Zophobus insects to the pupation device; and driving the pupation device using the driving unit, and collecting the pupae or adults obtained by metamorphosis of the larvae collectively in the collection unit.

[0023] This specification includes the disclosure of Japanese Patent Application No. 2023-218166, filed December 25, 2023, which is the basis of priority for this application.

[0024] According to the present invention, a pupation device can be provided that allows a large number of superworms, etc. contained in the same container to spontaneously separate and pupate into individual artificial pupal chambers, making it possible for them to pupate even in crowded conditions, and a pupation apparatus, aquaculture apparatus, and aquaculture method that use this pupation device can also be provided.

[0025] FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a pupation frame according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a view showing a first embodiment of a pupation device according to the present invention, in which the pupation frame of FIG. 1 is fitted into a pupation container. FIG. 4 is a view showing the pupation devices of FIG. 3 stacked one on top of another. FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a second embodiment of a pupation device according to the present invention. FIG. 6(a) is an example cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5. FIG. 6(b) is another example cross-sectional view taken along line VI-VI in FIG. 5. FIG. 7 is a view showing the pupation devices of FIG. 5 stacked one on top of another. FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another example of a pupation frame according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX in FIG. 8. FIG. 10 is a view showing a third embodiment of a pupation device according to the present invention, in which the pupation frame of FIG. 8 is fitted into a pupation container. Figures 11(a), (b), (c), (d), (e), and (f) show modified square shapes of the pupation device shown in Figures 3, 5, and 10, respectively. Figure 12 shows the relationship between square length (15 mm to 30 mm) and pupation rate. Note that the threshold length in this example is an average value between 20 mm and 45 mm. Figure 13 shows the relationship between threshold length (10 mm to 50 mm) and pupation rate. Note that the square length in this example is an average value between 20 mm and 30 mm. Figure 14 shows an example of a pupation device according to the present invention. Figure 15 shows an example of an aquaculture device according to the present invention. Figure 16 shows another example of an aquaculture device according to the present invention. Figure 17 shows an example of an aquaculture method according to the present invention. Figure 18 shows details of steps S2 and S3 (denoted by the symbol X) of the aquaculture method shown in Figure 14. Figure 19 shows an example of the external shape of a superworm. Figure A shows a superworm in the late final stage. Figure B shows a superworm in the pre-pupal stage. Figure 20 is a conceptual diagram of the pupation device according to the present invention. Figure 21 is a diagram showing an example of a pupation device in which the frame body is arranged vertically within the storage section. In this pupation device, a recess corresponding to the artificial pupal chamber opens to the side. Figure 22 is a diagram showing the relationship between the grid length (10mm to 14mm) and the pupation rate.

[0026] Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, a pupation device according to the present invention, as well as a pupation apparatus, a culturing apparatus, and a culturing method using the pupation device will be sequentially and illustratively described. In the drawings, identical or similar parts are designated by identical or similar reference numerals. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic, and the relationship between thickness and planar dimensions, the size ratios of each component, and the like may differ from the actual ones. Therefore, specific thicknesses, dimensions, and the like should be determined more flexibly, taking into account the gist of the technical ideas that can be understood from the following description. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the drawings also include parts with different dimensional relationships and ratios.

[0027] Furthermore, the following explanations are examples of a pupation device for embodying the technical idea of ​​the present invention, as well as a pupation apparatus, aquaculture apparatus, and aquaculture method using the pupation device, and it goes without saying that the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited to the material, shape, structure, arrangement, etc. of each component part shown below, or the conditions in each process, etc. In other words, the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited to the following explanation, and various modifications can be made within the technical scope defined by the claims.

[0028] 1. Pupation Device 1-1. Overview The first aspect of the present invention is a pupation device. The pupation device is the most important element from the viewpoint of solving the object of the present invention, which is to realize simultaneous pupation of larvae, simplify and facilitate the recovery of the pupae or adults, and further improve the efficiency of aquaculture.

[0029] As already mentioned, superworms and the like do not pupate when they are kept in contact with each other due to multiple rearing, and this problem needs to be solved. Therefore, the present inventors conducted various studies to find a simpler method than conventional methods such as placing a large amount of wood chips or sawdust in a single culture box to prevent larvae from coming into contact with each other, or manually transferring larvae one by one into a single container. As a result, they discovered that by creating an artificial pupal chamber for larvae to pupate and adjusting its size, even when multiple larvae are present, the larvae can move on their own and spontaneously settle into one artificial pupal chamber and pupate, leading to the present invention.

[0030] 1-2. Definitions of Terms The terms used in the present invention are defined as follows:

[0031] As used herein, "Zophobas insects" refers to insects belonging to the genus Zophobas in the family Tenebrionidae (English name: Darkling beetle) of the order Coleoptera of the class Insecta. Examples include, but are not limited to, Zophobas morio (syn. Z. atratus) (Japanese name: glossy white beetle), Zophobas laticollis, Zophobas rugipes, and Zophobas vataborum.

[0032] "Larvae of Zophobus insects" refers to the larvae of the Zophobus insects. A specific example is a superworm. In this specification, unless otherwise specified, it refers to the final instar larvae of Zophobus insects.

[0033] "Superworm" refers to the larvae of Zophobus morio. There is no limitation on the stage of the larvae, but in this specification, unless otherwise specified, it refers to the final stage larvae. Final stage superworms are 50 to 60 mm in length and have a cylindrical shape that is long from front to back.

[0034] As used herein, "superworms, etc." refers to superworms and larvae of other Zophobus insects. For other Zophobus insect larvae, unless otherwise specified, it refers to the final instar larvae. Regarding other Zophobus insects, the type is not particularly important, but it is more preferable for the final instar body length to be 40 mm to 60 mm, 45 mm to 60 mm, or 50 mm to 60 mm.

[0035] "Pupation" refers to the morphological change (metamorphosis) from larva to pupa in insects that undergo complete metamorphosis, or the process by which a final-stage larva passes through a pre-pupal stage and becomes a pupa.

[0036] As used herein, "simultaneous pupation" refers to multiple superworms, etc. housed in the pupation device of the present invention pupating at approximately the same time. As used herein, "approximately the same time" does not mean completely simultaneous in time, but refers to the period from pupation of the first individual to pupation of the last individual after multiple superworms, etc. are supplied to the pupation device being within 21 days, within 14 days, within 10 days, within 7 days, or within 4 days.

[0037] As used herein, "plurality" refers to, for example, 2 to 20, 2 to 15, 2 to 10, 2 to 7, 2 to 5, 2 to 4, or 2 to 3.

[0038] The term "late final instar" refers to the period in the final instar, which is the final stage of the larval stage, when the larvae are active before pupation. Unlike pre-pupae, larvae in the late final instar are active in moving and feeding. The superworms etc. housed in the pupation device of the present invention are preferably in the final instar, but more preferably in the late final instar.

[0039] "Prepupa" or "prepupal larva" refers to a final-stage larva that has entered the preparation stage for pupation in insects that undergo complete metamorphosis. In a broad sense, it corresponds to the late final stage, but in this specification, a prepupa is a final-stage larva that has stopped moving and feeding. In species that form a pupal chamber, a prepupa is a final-stage larva within the pupal chamber before pupation. Note that final-stage larvae before pupation actively move around to form a pupal chamber, but since they have stopped moving and feeding, they are included in prepupa.

[0040] A "pupal chamber" is a chamber formed by a larva to prevent incomplete metamorphosis due to external physical stimuli and to allow safe pupation and emergence. As a rule, one individual is housed in one pupal chamber. Cocoons, such as those of silkworms, are also considered pupal chambers.

[0041] 1-3. Configuration of the Pupation Device The following expressions and FIG. 20 are used to determine the configuration of the pupation device of the present invention, and are defined as follows: - Pupation device 50: In this specification, the term "pupation device" refers to a device that assists in the pupation of larvae. In this specification, the term particularly refers to a device that assists or promotes the pupation of Zophobus larvae, i.e., superworms, etc., that are housed in a crowded state by administering multiple individuals. The pupation device 50 comprises, as essential components, a storage section 51, an artificial pupal chamber 52, and an escape prevention wall 53. - Storage section 51: In this specification, the term "storage section" refers to the internal space provided in the pupation device 50 of the present invention, which is capable of housing multiple superworms, etc., and has an open top where the artificial pupal chamber 52 is located. The interior of the box described below is one embodiment of the storage section 51.

[0042] As used herein, "open top" means that the pupation device 50 of the present invention does not have a lid as a constituent member and has an open top. It is sufficient that one pupation device 50 has an open top, and it does not exclude the top from being closed as a result. For example, in one embodiment, the pupation device 50 of the present invention has a configuration that allows it to be stacked. In this case, when another pupation device 50 is placed on top of a pupation device 50 by stacking, the top of the pupation device 50 that was open may become covered.

[0043] The shape of the storage section 51 is not particularly limited, and may be a polygon (triangle, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon, etc.), a circle, an ellipse, or a combination thereof.

[0044] The size of the storage section 51 is not particularly limited as long as it can accommodate multiple artificial pupal chambers 52 therein and multiple superworms, etc. For example, if the storage section 51 is rectangular, the length and width may be within the ranges of 20 cm to 100 cm, 25 cm to 90 cm, 30 cm to 80 cm, 35 cm to 70 cm, 40 cm to 60 cm, and 45 cm to 50 cm, respectively.

[0045] Furthermore, the material of the housing 51 is not particularly limited as long as it can maintain its shape and cannot be easily destroyed or punctured by superworms or other insects. It may be made of natural or artificial materials, or a combination thereof. Natural materials include metals (including alloys), minerals (including stone and sand), animal-derived materials (including bones, teeth, tusks, horns, shells, scales, and horns), and plant-derived materials (including wood, bamboo, fruit shells, and paper). Artificial materials include synthetic resins (including plastics), ceramics (including enamel), glass, and carbon fiber. Artificial materials are preferred in terms of material and manufacturing costs. Two or more different materials may also be combined. Considering cost, shaping, and ease of handling, plastic is convenient. Examples of plastics that can be used include polycarbonate, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyamide, and acrylic resin. Artificial pupal chamber 52: In this specification, the term "artificial pupal chamber" refers to an artificially formed pupal chamber. In this specification, it is constituted by a recess arranged within the storage section 51 and has a size that can store superworms in a pre-pupa state, etc.

[0046] As shown in Figure 19A, superworms and the like have a long, cylindrical shape from front to back and are usually active in a nearly linear form. However, during the pre-pupal stage, they bend their entire body into a C-shape and lie down, as shown in Figure 19B, ceasing most of their movement. In the pupation device of the present invention, the artificial pupal chamber 52 can accommodate a pre-pupal superworm or the like in this C-shape, and each artificial pupal chamber 52 is configured to be large enough to accommodate, in principle, one individual. The specific size of the artificial pupal chamber 52 that can accommodate a pre-pupal superworm or the like will be explained below in the section on artificial pupal chamber length and artificial pupal chamber height.

[0047] The recess constituting the artificial pupal chamber 52 may be a small chamber-shaped portion recessed from the surrounding area, and may or may not have a bottom (the bottom of the recess). The recess may have a grid-like configuration that opens upward when the frame body described below is placed horizontally, or may have an opening to the side of the artificial pupal chamber 52 when the frame body is placed vertically in a tower shape within the storage section 51 as shown in Figure 21.

[0048] The shape of the artificial pupal chamber 52 is not limited as long as it can accommodate a superworm in a pre-pupa state. For example, the artificial pupal chamber 52 may have one or more planar shapes selected from the group consisting of a square, a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, an equilateral triangle, and a regular n-gon (n is a natural number of 5 or more).

[0049] In this specification, the term "grid" refers to one form of the artificial pupation chamber 52, and means one of a bottomless hole and a bottomed recess formed in the frame body (e.g., a lattice-shaped pupation frame) of the pupation device 50 of the present invention.

[0050] In this specification, the term "sideways" refers to a state in which the long axis of an object faces in a direction parallel to a horizontal plane or a plane that can be regarded as the same.

[0051] In this specification, "upper" refers to the direction opposite to the direction of gravity of the Earth or the direction that can be viewed as the same when an object is placed on its side. Also, in this specification, "above" refers to the part above, "top end" refers to the upper end, and "top surface" refers to the upper surface (top face).

[0052] In this specification, "planar shape" refers to the shape of an object when it is placed sideways and viewed from above, and "planar size" refers to the size of the object when viewed from above.

[0053] In this specification, the term "artificial pupal chamber length" refers to the average value of the lengths of the long axis forming the artificial pupal chamber 52 and the short axis perpendicular to it in the planar shape of the artificial pupal chamber 52 parallel to the plane containing the long axis of the prepupa of the superworm, etc. For example, if the planar shape of the artificial pupal chamber 52 is a square, the length of one side of the square corresponds to this term, and if it is a rectangle, the average value of the lengths of the short side and long side of the rectangle corresponds to this term.

[0054] The "long axis of the prepupa of a superworm or the like" refers to the axis passing from the head to the tail of the C-shaped prepupa. Furthermore, the "plane including the long axis of the prepupa of a superworm or the like" refers to the plane including the long axis of the prepupa when it is lying down. For example, this refers to a plane perpendicular to the direction of gravity (horizontal plane), or a plane with an inclination angle equivalent to that (0 to 30 degrees, 0 to 25 degrees, 0 to 20 degrees, 0 to 10 degrees, 0 to 5 degrees).

[0055] Specifically, the length of the artificial pupal chamber may be, for example, within the ranges of 11 mm to 40 mm, 12 mm to 38 mm, 15 mm to 35 mm, 18 mm to 32 mm, or 20 mm to 30 mm. If the length of the artificial pupal chamber is smaller than the above range, there will not be enough space for the superworms to pupate, which may result in a lower pupation rate. Furthermore, if the length of the artificial pupal chamber is larger than the above range, the number of artificial pupal chambers 52 that can be placed per pupation device will be reduced. Furthermore, if the length of the artificial pupal chamber is too large, multiple superworms may enter one artificial pupal chamber, causing contact between the individuals, ultimately resulting in a lower pupation rate.

[0056] In this specification, "square length" refers to the length of the artificial pupal chamber when the pupation device is placed horizontally, and is the length that determines the size of one square (planar size).

[0057] In this specification, "artificial pupal chamber height" refers to the length of the axis perpendicular to the plane containing the long axis of the pre-pupal larva of a superworm or the like when it lies down inside the artificial pupal chamber 52, and corresponds to the height or depth of the artificial pupal chamber.

[0058] Specifically, the artificial pupal chamber height may be, for example, in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm, 15 mm to 48 mm, 20 mm to 45 mm, 25 mm to 40 mm, or 30 mm to 35 mm. If the artificial pupal chamber height is smaller than the above range, the likelihood of superworms coming into contact with each other between adjacent artificial pupal chambers 52 increases, potentially resulting in a lower pupation rate. Furthermore, if the artificial pupal chamber height is larger than the above range, superworms will be unable to overcome the artificial pupal chamber height to move to adjacent artificial pupal chambers 52, potentially resulting in multiple superworms being present in a single artificial pupal chamber 52 and potentially resulting in a lower pupation rate.

[0059] In this specification, the term "threshold length" refers to the height of the artificial pupation chamber when the pupation device 50 is placed horizontally, and refers to the depth (height) of one square.

[0060] A plurality of artificial pupal chambers 52 are arranged in the storage section 51. The number is not limited, but may be, for example, 1 to 1000, 4 to 800, 9 to 500, 12 to 300, 24 to 200, 36 to 150, or 48 to 96 in one storage section. The shape and size of each artificial pupal chamber 52 are not limited as long as they satisfy the above-described configuration of the artificial pupal chamber 52. The artificial pupal chambers 52 may be of the same shape and / or size, or may be of different shapes and / or sizes. A combination thereof is also possible.

[0061] The material of the artificial pupal chamber 52 is not particularly limited, as long as it can maintain its shape, like the storage section 51, and is a material that cannot be easily destroyed or perforated by superworms, etc. The specific material is similar to that of the storage section 51. It may be the same material as the storage section 51, or it may be a different material. - Escape prevention wall 53: In this specification, the term "escape prevention wall" refers to a wall that is arranged at the upper outer edge of the storage section 51 and prevents the larvae from escaping from the storage section 51 to the outside.

[0062] In the pupation device 50 of the present invention, multiple superworms, etc. stored in the storage section 51 each spontaneously fit into the artificial pupal chamber 52, transition to the pre-pupal stage within, and then pupate. However, when stored, the larvae are in the late final instar stage before the pre-pupal stage. Since final instar larvae at this stage actively move around within the storage section 51 in search of a place to pupate, there is a concern that they may escape from the storage section 51 to the outside. The escape prevention wall 53 is provided to prevent the escape of superworms, etc. stored in the storage section 51 until they pupate.

[0063] In principle, the escape prevention wall 53 is arranged over the entire area of ​​the upper outer edge of the storage section 51.

[0064] Furthermore, the escape prevention wall 53 may be configured to be separable from the storage section 51, or may be configured to be integrated with the storage section 51.

[0065] The material of the escape prevention wall 53 is not particularly limited as long as it can maintain its shape like the storage section 51 and is a material that cannot be easily destroyed or perforated by superworms, etc. The specific material is similar to the material of the storage section 51. It may be the same material as the storage section 51 or a different material.

[0066] The height of the escape prevention wall 53 is important. Because the upper part of the pupation device is open, if the jaws or legs of a superworm or the like reach the top of the wall, there is a possibility that it will climb over the wall and escape to the outside of the pupation device.

[0067] Therefore, it is generally preferable that the length (height) of the escape prevention wall be longer than the total length of the superworm or the like in the late final stage. Since superworms or the like generally have a body length of 50 mm to 60 mm, the height of the escape prevention wall 53 is not limited, but is preferably 45 mm or more, 50 mm or more, 55 mm or more, 60 mm or more, 65 mm or more, or 70 mm or more. Note that the wall portion in this specification is one embodiment of the escape prevention wall 53.

[0068] 1-4. Embodiments of Pupation Device Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, an embodiment of a pupation device 50 according to the present invention will be described by way of example. In the drawings, identical or similar parts are designated by identical or similar reference numerals. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic, and the relationship between thickness and planar dimensions, the size ratios of each component, and the like may differ from the actual ones. Therefore, specific thicknesses, dimensions, and the like should be determined more flexibly, taking into account the gist of the technical ideas that can be understood from the following explanation. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the drawings also include parts with different dimensional relationships and ratios.

[0069] Furthermore, the following explanations are examples of a pupation device for embodying the technical idea of ​​the present invention, as well as a pupation apparatus, aquaculture apparatus, and aquaculture method using the pupation device, and it goes without saying that the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited to the material, shape, structure, arrangement, etc. of each component part shown below, or the conditions in each process, etc. In other words, the technical idea of ​​the present invention is not limited to the following explanation, and various modifications can be made within the technical scope defined by the claims.

[0070] - First embodiment The first embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that it is (a) a pupation device that assists in the pupation of insect larvae, (b) a frame body that forms a plurality of squares, and (c) a box body that has a box shape with an open top and in which the frame body is placed sideways, (d) the upper edge of the box body is located higher than the top surface of the frame body placed in the box body, (e) the length of each square is in the range of 11 mm or more and 40 mm or less, and (f) the threshold length of each square is in the range of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.

[0071] The pupation frame (frame body) used in the pupation device according to the first embodiment of the present invention will now be described. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the pupation frame 10 includes a frame body 11 forming a plurality of squares 12 (e.g., squares as bottomless holes arranged in a matrix as shown). The frame body 11 can be made of, for example, plastic, wood, cardboard, metal, or a combination of these. Of these, it is preferable to use plastic (e.g., FRP: Fiber Reinforced Plastics, etc.) in consideration of manufacturing, handling, strength, etc.

[0072] The planar shape of each square 12 is square. However, as described below, other shapes can also be used. When the planar shape of each square 12 is square, the square length (length of one side) is in the range of 11 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, 40 mm or less, and preferably 30 mm or less. Furthermore, the threshold length of each square is in the range of 10 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, 50 mm or less, and preferably 45 mm or less. These numerical ranges, based on the experimental results described below, define the optimal range for larvae to move to each square one by one and pupate, even when a large number of larvae are supplied to the pupation device at once.

[0073] The pupation frame 10 (frame body 11) of FIGS. 1 and 2 is placed horizontally in a box-shaped, open-topped box body 20, as shown in FIG. 3, to form a pupation device 10'. This pupation device 10' is configured so that the upper edge of the box body 20 is positioned higher than the top surface of the frame body 11 placed in the box body 20. Specifically, the upper edge of the box body 20 is positioned a distance Δ above the top surface of the frame body 11 placed in the box body 20. This distance Δ serves as a barrier to prevent a large number of larvae from escaping from the pupation device when they are fed into it. Considering the size of the larvae, Δ is preferably 50 mm or more, and, considering the stacking of pupation devices as described below, is preferably 70 mm or less.

[0074] 3 can be stacked, as shown in Figure 4, to enable the pupation and cultivation of even more larvae. For example, by providing the upper and lower edges of the pupation device 10' with recesses and protrusions 21 that fit together, it becomes possible to stack a plurality of pupation devices 10' stably.

[0075] In this example, the pupation frame 10 (frame body 11) of Figures 1 and 2 is housed in the box body 20 of Figure 3 to form the pupation device 10', but it is also possible to realize pupation of larvae such as superworms using the pupation frame 10 itself of Figures 1 and 2. In this case, the box body 20 is not necessary, and after the larvae have pupated, the pupae can be collected simply by removing the pupation frame 10, thereby realizing the simplest and most practical method of pupation of larvae and their collection.

[0076] With the pupation device according to the first embodiment, the numerous larvae initially come into contact with one another, but then move independently through the squares 12, find a square that suits them, and separate into squares one by one, thereby achieving simultaneous pupation. This helps support the pupation of insect larvae such as superworms, making it possible to cultivate them.

[0077] Second embodiment Next, the second embodiment of the present invention is a pupation device that (a) assists in the pupation of insect larvae, and is characterized by the following: (b) a frame body that forms a plurality of squares; and (c) a fence portion that is provided on the edge of the frame body; (d) the upper end of the fence portion is located higher than the upper surface of the frame body; (e) the length of each square is in the range of 11 mm or more and 40 mm or less; and (f) the threshold length of each square is in the range of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.

[0078] Even when such a pupation device is used, as in the first embodiment, when a large number of larvae are supplied to the pupation device, these larvae move to each square one by one and pupate.

[0079] A pupation device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will now be described. As shown in Figures 5, 6(a), and 6(b), the pupation device 10' includes a frame body (pupation frame) 11 that forms a plurality of squares 12 (e.g., squares as recesses with bottoms arranged in a matrix, unlike the first embodiment). Furthermore, in the second embodiment, the pupation device 10' includes a wall portion 13 provided on the edge of the frame body 11. The wall portion 13 may be molded integrally with the frame body 11, as shown in Figure 6(a), or may be a separate member from the frame body 11 but joined to it, as shown in Figure 6(b).

[0080] The frame body 11 and the wall section 13 can each be made of, for example, plastic, wood, cardboard, metal, etc., or a combination of these. As in the first embodiment, plastic (e.g., FRP, etc.) is preferred in consideration of manufacturing, handling, strength, etc. In the case of Figure 6(b), the frame body 11 and the wall section 13 may be made of the same material or different materials.

[0081] The planar shape of each square 12 is square. However, as described below, other shapes can also be used. When the planar shape of each square 12 is square, the square length (length of one side) is in the range of 11 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, 40 mm or less, and preferably 30 mm or less, as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, the threshold length of each square is in the range of 10 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, 50 mm or less, and preferably 45 mm or less. These numerical ranges, based on the experimental results described below, define the optimal range for larvae to move to each square one by one and pupate, even when a large number of larvae are supplied to the pupation device at once.

[0082] This pupation device 10' is configured so that the upper end of the wall portion 13 is located above the upper surface of the frame body 11. Specifically, the upper end of the wall portion 13 is located a distance Δ above the upper surface of the frame body 11. This distance Δ is intended to prevent larvae from escaping from the pupation device when a large number of larvae are supplied to the pupation device. As with the first embodiment, Δ is preferably 50 mm or more, taking into account the size of the larvae, and is preferably 70 mm or less, taking into account the stacking of pupation devices, which will be described next.

[0083] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 7, the pupation device 10' shown in Figure 6(a) can be stacked, allowing for the pupation and cultivation of even more larvae. The same applies to the pupation device 10' shown in Figure 6(b). In this case, for example, by providing the upper and lower edges of the pupation device 10' with recesses and protrusions 21 that fit together, it becomes possible to stably stack multiple pupation devices 10'.

[0084] The pupation device according to the second embodiment achieves simultaneous pupation of larvae, as in the first embodiment. This assists in the pupation of insect larvae such as superworms, enabling their cultivation. Furthermore, in the second embodiment, each square 12 is a recess with a bottom, and a wall portion 13 is provided on the edge of the frame body 11. This eliminates the need for the box body in the first embodiment, allowing for simplification of the pupation device and reducing costs.

[0085] Third Embodiment A pupation frame (frame body) used in a pupation device according to a third embodiment of the present invention will now be described. As shown in Figures 8 and 9, the pupation frame 10 includes a frame body 11 that forms a plurality of squares 12. This pupation frame 10 differs from the pupation frame of the first embodiment in that, as shown in the figures, each of the squares 12 arranged in a matrix is ​​a cup-shaped recess with a bottom. The thickness of this cup-shaped recess can be very thin, for example, about 1 mm or less. By making each square 12 a cup-shaped recess in this way, the weight of the frame body 11 can be reduced, and material costs can be reduced.

[0086] As in the first embodiment, the frame body 11 can be made of, for example, plastic, wood, cardboard, metal, or a combination of these. Among these, it is preferable to use plastic (e.g., FRP) in consideration of manufacturing, handling, strength, and other aspects.

[0087] The planar shape of each square 12 is square. However, as described below, other shapes can also be used. When the planar shape of each square 12 is square, the square length (length of one side) is in the range of 11 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, 40 mm or less, and preferably 30 mm or less, as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, the threshold length of each square is in the range of 10 mm or more, preferably 20 mm or more, 50 mm or less, and preferably 45 mm or less. These numerical ranges, based on the experimental results described below, define the optimal range for larvae to move to each square one by one and pupate, even when a large number of larvae are supplied to the pupation device at once.

[0088] The pupation frame 10 (frame body 11) of Figures 8 and 9 is placed horizontally in a box-shaped, open-topped box body 20, as shown in Figure 10, to form a pupation device 10'. This pupation device 10' is configured so that the upper edge of the box body 20 is positioned higher than the top surface of the frame body 11 placed in the box body 20. Specifically, the upper edge of the box body 20 is positioned a distance Δ above the top surface of the frame body 11 placed in the box body 20. This distance Δ serves as a wall that prevents a large number of larvae from escaping from the pupation device when they are fed into the pupation device. As with the first embodiment, Δ is preferably 50 mm or more and 70 mm or less.

[0089] Moreover, similarly to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the pupation device 10' shown in FIG. 10 can be stacked to enable pupation and cultivation of an even larger number of larvae.

[0090] The pupation device according to the third embodiment allows simultaneous pupation of larvae, as in the first embodiment. Furthermore, by forming each square 12 into a cup-shaped recess, it is possible to reduce the weight of the frame body 11 and reduce material costs. This helps support the pupation of insect larvae such as superworms, and allows their cultivation.

[0091] Modifications of the First, Second, and Third Embodiments Next, modifications of the pupation device according to the first, second, and third embodiments described above will be described. In these embodiments, the planar shape of each square of the squares 12 is illustrated as a square. However, the planar shape of each square of the squares 12 is not limited to a square, and may be other shapes, such as a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, an equilateral triangle, or a regular n-gon (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 5). Even with such a shape of the squares 12, the same effects as those described in the first, second, and third embodiments can be obtained.

[0092] Here, the relationship between the planar shape of each square 12 and the square length will be described.

[0093] As shown in Figure 11(a), when the planar shape of each square 12 is square, the square length is defined by the length of one side, L. As shown in Figure 11(b), when the planar shape of each square 12 is rectangular, the square length is defined by the average value of the long side length, L1, and the short side length, L2, (L1 + L2) / 2. However, since the thickness (diameter) of larvae (such as superworms) is approximately 6 mm, it is preferable that L2 be 6 mm or more.

[0094] Furthermore, as shown in Figure 11(c), when the planar shape of each square 12 is circular, the square length is defined by the diameter D of the circle. As shown in Figure 11(d), when the planar shape of each square 12 is elliptical, the square length is defined by the average value (D1 + D2) / 2 of the length D1 of the major axis and the length D2 of the minor axis. However, as above, D2 is preferably 6 mm or more, taking into account the thickness (diameter) of the larvae (superworms, etc.).

[0095] 11(e), when the planar shape of each square 12 is an equilateral triangle, the square length is defined by the height H of the equilateral triangle. As shown in FIG. 11(f), when the planar shape of each square 12 is a regular n-gon (n is a natural number greater than or equal to 5), the square length is defined by the diameter D3 of the circumscribing circle of the regular n-gon.

[0096] It should be noted that the planar shape of each square 12 is not limited to these. For example, the planar shape of each square 12 may be a triangle (excluding an equilateral triangle), an n-gon (excluding a regular n-gon), or any other closed geometric shape.

[0097] 2. Pupation Device 2-1. Overview A second aspect of the present invention is a pupation device. The pupation device of the present invention comprises a rearing chamber using the pupation device of the first aspect, a sensor, a temperature regulator, a humidity regulator, and a controller. Use of the pupation device of the present invention can maintain an optimal environment for larvae to pupate, thereby contributing to the simultaneous pupation of superworms and the like. In other words, by supplying larvae in the late final stage just before pupation (which can be determined by the size and weight of the larvae) to the pupation device, all of the superworms and the like will pupate at approximately the same time.

[0098] 2-2. Configuration of the pupation device The pupation device of the present invention is characterized by comprising: (a) a rearing chamber that houses the pupation device according to the first aspect described above; (b) a sensor that detects the temperature and humidity of the rearing chamber; (c) a temperature adjustment device that changes the temperature of the rearing chamber; (d) a humidity adjustment device that changes the humidity of the rearing chamber; and (e) a controller that controls the temperature adjustment device and humidity adjustment device based on signals from the sensor.

[0099] The following provides an illustrative explanation of the configuration of the pupation device of the present invention, using the pupation device detailed in Figures 1 to 13, with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, identical or similar parts are designated by identical or similar reference numerals. However, it should be noted that the drawings are schematic, and the relationship between thickness and planar dimensions, the size ratios of each component, and the like may differ from the actual figures. Therefore, specific thicknesses, dimensions, and the like should be determined in a more flexible manner, taking into account the gist of the technical concept that can be understood from the following explanation. Furthermore, it goes without saying that the drawings may include parts with different dimensional relationships and ratios. The same applies to the following aspects.

[0100] As shown in Figure 14, the aquaculture device is composed of a rearing chamber 30 that houses a plurality of pupation devices 10', a sensor 31 that detects the temperature and humidity of the rearing chamber 30, a temperature adjustment device 32 that changes the temperature of the rearing chamber 30, a humidity adjustment device 33 that changes the humidity of the rearing chamber 30, and a controller 34 that controls the temperature adjustment device 32 and the humidity adjustment device 33 based on signals from the sensor 31. Note that the figure shows a state in which one larva 14, such as a superworm, exists in each square of the pupation device 10'.

[0101] The breeding room 30 may be a space accessible to people (breeders), such as a factory, warehouse, prefabricated building, or greenhouse, or may be a space the size of a storage room. The breeding room 30 may be a dedicated room for realizing pupation of larvae such as superworms, or may be a room used for some other purpose. If the breeding room 30 is a space the size of a storage room, it may be equipped with casters or other devices to allow it to be moved.

[0102] The controller 34 may be a dedicated product specialized for pupation of superworm larvae or the like, or may be a general-purpose computer. In the latter case, by installing the programs and data necessary for pupation of larvae in the computer, pupation of superworm larvae or the like can be easily realized.

[0103] 3. Aquaculture Device 3-1. Overview A third aspect of the present invention is an aquaculture device. The aquaculture device of the present invention is characterized by comprising a larva supply unit, a drive unit, and a recovery unit. Use of the aquaculture device of the present invention makes it possible to fully or partially automate the process from supplying larvae to recovering pupae or adult worms that have emerged from the pupae. Therefore, it is possible to realize the pupation of larvae such as superworms, which have the characteristic of not pupating if the larvae come into contact with each other, and further to cultivate such larvae.

[0104] 3-2. Configuration of the aquaculture device The aquaculture device of the present invention is characterized by comprising: (a) a larva supply unit that supplies a plurality of larvae collectively to the pupation device according to the first aspect described above; (b) a drive unit that drives the pupation device; and (c) a recovery unit that recovers the pupae of the plurality of larvae or the adults that have emerged from the pupae from the pupation device.

[0105] Hereinafter, with reference to the drawings, an exemplary configuration of the aquaculture device of the present invention using the pupation device described in detail in FIGS. 1 to 13 will be described.

[0106] As shown in Figures 15(a) and (b) and Figures 16(a) and (b), the aquaculture device is composed of a larva supply unit 40 that supplies multiple larvae 14 together to the pupation device 10' detailed in Figures 1 to 13, a drive unit 41 that drives the pupation device 10', and a recovery unit 42 that recovers multiple larvae pupae 15 or adult insects that have emerged from the pupae 15 from the pupation device 10'.

[0107] The larva supplying unit 40 recognizes the number of larvae 14 based on the weight or volume of the larvae 14 in order to always supply a constant number of larvae 14 to the pupation device 10'. For example, assuming that the weight of each larva that has matured to become a pupa is x and the number of squares formed in one pupation device 10' is y, the larva supplying unit 40 can estimate that the number of larvae 14 supplied to the pupation device 10' is the same as the number of squares by supplying a plurality of larvae 14 each weighing x x y (mg) to the pupation device 10' all at once, without having to confirm that the number of larvae 14 is the same as the number of squares in the pupation device 10'. In addition, the volume v of the larvae that have matured to become pupations can be calculated from their size, and the volume v x y (mm 3It is also possible to estimate that the number of larvae 14 in the pupation device 10' is the same as the number of squares in the pupation device 10', and supply a plurality of larvae 14 with a volume of v x y together to the pupation device 10'.

[0108] In practice, it is preferable that the larva supplying unit 40 supply a plurality of larvae 14 to the pupation device 10' at a weight slightly less than x×y or a volume slightly less than v×y. This is because it is possible to eliminate the possibility that the larvae 14 will be supplied to the pupation device 10' in quantities exceeding the number of squares. Furthermore, although it is assumed that the larva supplying unit 40 automatically recognizes the total weight or volume of the larvae 14, the breeder may manually recognize the total weight or volume of the larvae 14 and supply them all at once to the pupation device 10'.

[0109] The collection unit 42 has a container 43 for collecting pupae 15 of multiple larvae 14 or adult insects that have emerged from the pupae 15. The drive unit 41 drives the pupation device 10' to move the pupae 15 or adult insects to the container 43. For example, as shown in FIG. 15(b), the drive unit 41 inverts the pupation device 10' containing the pupae 15, causing the pupae 15 to fall into the container 43. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 16(b), if a mechanism for opening the bottom of the pupation device 10' containing the pupae 15 is provided, the drive unit 41 can also open the bottom of the pupation device 10' containing the pupae 15, causing the pupae 15 to fall into the container 43.

[0110] In this example, the drive unit 41 automatically collects the pupae 15 or adult insects into the container 43 of the collection unit 42, but the keeper may manually collect the pupae 15 or adult insects. Furthermore, the insertion and removal of the container 43 of the collection unit 42 can be done automatically or manually by the keeper.

[0111] 4. Cultivation Method 4-1. Overview A fourth aspect of the present invention is a cultivating method. The cultivating method of the present invention is characterized by comprising a step of supplying larvae and a step of collecting larvae. As with the cultivating device described above, the cultivating method of the present invention makes it possible to fully or partially automate the process from supplying larvae to collecting pupae or adult worms that have emerged from the pupae. Therefore, it is possible to realize the pupation of larvae such as superworms, which have the characteristic of not pupating when the larvae are in contact with each other, and to cultivate such larvae.

[0112] 4-2. Steps of the Aquaculture Method The aquaculture method of the present invention is carried out by the following steps using the aquaculture device according to the third aspect.

[0113] The method is characterized by comprising: (a) a step of supplying a plurality of larvae collectively to a pupation device according to the first embodiment; and (b) a step of driving the pupation device using a drive unit that drives the pupation device according to the first embodiment, and collectively recovering pupae that have evolved from a plurality of larvae, or adult insects that have emerged from the pupae, in the recovery unit.

[0114] An exemplary aquaculture method using the above-described aquaculture device will be described below with reference to FIG.

[0115] First, as shown in step S1, a number of mature larvae are supplied together to pupate into the pupation device. After this larva supply step is completed, the device is left as is for several weeks (e.g., 2 to 3 weeks). During these several weeks, as shown in step S2, the larvae move one by one into the first square and separate from each other. Then, as shown in step S3, the larvae pupate simultaneously within that square.

[0116] The state of affairs over these several weeks (within the dotted frame in Figure 17) is shown in Figure 18. This figure shows that when the larvae are first introduced, they are piled up on top of each other, but due to their instincts, they move one by one to the first square and separate from each other. Note that the larvae are not fed during these several weeks, but as mentioned above, this is not a problem, as superworms in particular have the ability to survive for 2 to 3 weeks without feeding.

[0117] Next, as shown in step S4, the pupation device 10' is driven using, for example, the drive unit 41 shown in Figures 15(b) and 16(b), and pupae that have evolved from multiple larvae are collected together. The pupae emerge in about two weeks, as shown in step S5. Once the pupae have emerged and become adults, as shown in step S6, the adults are transferred to an egg-laying device equipped with a bedding material made of a material that also serves as food, such as wheat bran powder or rice bran. Then, as shown in step S7, the adults lay eggs on the bedding material.

[0118] Next, as shown in step S8, for example, the bedding material is removed from the ovipositor to separate the adults from the eggs. Finally, the bedding material is placed in a predetermined container, and as shown in step S9, larvae hatch from the eggs in a few weeks.

[0119] By following the steps described above, it becomes possible to cultivate larvae such as superworms.

[0120] In this example, pupae are collected in step S4, but adult insects that have emerged from the pupae may also be collected in step S4. In this case, step S5 can be omitted, and the adult insects can be transferred to an egg-laying device in step S6.

[0121] 5. Pupation Promotion Method 5-1. Overview The fifth aspect of the present invention is a method for promoting pupation in Zoophobus insects. The pupation promotion method of the present invention is a method using the pupation device of the first aspect, and includes a throwing step and a standing step. By using the pupation promotion method of the present invention, it is possible to promote pupation in superworms and other insects that do not pupate under crowded or contact conditions. This solves the problems of the present invention, such as the larvae themselves not pupating or the need to add a large number of wood chips or sawdust to pupate, as in the past.

[0122] 5-2. Steps in the pupation promotion method The pupation promotion method of the present invention includes a throwing step and a standing step as essential steps. Each step will be explained in detail below. (1) Throwing step The "throwing step" is a step of throwing a plurality of final-stage superworms or the like into the storage section of the pupation device according to the first embodiment.

[0123] The final-stage superworms introduced in this step are, in principle, homogeneous populations. That is, when superworms that are Zophobus morio larvae are used in the method of the present invention, only one type of superworm larvae is introduced.

[0124] Furthermore, as mentioned above, the superworms to be introduced are not particularly limited as long as they are in their final stage, but late final stage superworms are preferred. This is because the period from introduction to pupation is short. Whether or not a superworm is in its late final stage can be determined from its body length. For example, in the case of superworms, individuals that have grown to about 5 cm can be determined to be in the late final stage. Note that pre-pupal superworms are not subject to introduction in this process, but it is acceptable for a small number of pre-pupal superworms to be mixed in with multiple populations.

[0125] In this process, the number of superworms introduced is important. Since one individual spontaneously settles into each artificial pupal chamber, contact with other individuals is avoided and pupation is promoted. Therefore, the number of individuals introduced must, in principle, be equal to or less than the number of artificial pupal chambers in the storage area. However, even if the number of individuals introduced exceeds the number of artificial pupal chambers in the storage area, this problem can be solved by removing the excess individuals after introduction. The number of individuals introduced can be determined by actually counting the number of individuals, or by calculating the average weight per final-stage larva.

[0126] To do this, multiple final-stage superworms can be introduced into the pupation device from the open upper part of the storage section. Because final-stage superworms are active, even if they are introduced into the storage section in a pile, they will immediately start moving, and eventually each individual will spontaneously settle into its own artificial pupal chamber.

[0127] (2) Standing Step The "standing step" is a step in which the pupation device is left standing at a specific temperature for a predetermined period of time or more after the introduction step. This step promotes pupation of each individual in the artificial pupal chamber. After the introduction step, feeding is not required in this step either. This is because the present invention is not a method for growing superworms, etc., but a method for promoting their pupation, uses final instars that are almost fully grown, and superworms, etc., can survive for 2 to 3 weeks without feeding.

[0128] In this process, in order to pupate the superworms that have spontaneously settled into each artificial pupal chamber, it is preferable to not move the pupation device in principle in order to prevent vibrations or shocks to the pupation device, which may hinder pupation and cause incomplete pupation or emergence. However, this does not apply if the pupation device is moved while minimizing vibrations and shocks.

[0129] In this step, the mixture is left to stand at a specific temperature.

[0130] The "specific temperature" is a temperature that can promote pupation of superworms and the like. Superworms and the like are insects and are cold-blooded animals, so their activity decreases and their metamorphosis rate slows at low temperatures. High temperatures also lead to lethality. Therefore, a temperature that promotes metamorphosis is preferable. While not limited to, the temperature may be 18°C ​​to 32°C, 20°C to 30°C, 22°C to 27°C, or 24°C to 25°C. If the pupae are to be allowed to emerge as adults without being collected after pupation, the above temperature can be maintained until each individual emerges.

[0131] The duration of this step should be at least the time after the introduction step until each individual settles into its respective artificial pupal chamber and all introduced individuals have pupated. This period depends on the temperature and the final stage (early or late) of the introduced superworms, but if the introduced superworms are in the late final stage and the temperature is within a range that promotes metamorphosis, it should be 5 days or more, 7 days or more, 10 days or more, 14 days or more, 18 days or more, 21 days or more, or 24 days or more. On the other hand, if the incubation period at this temperature is extended, the pupae will emerge after pupation. Therefore, if the pupae are to be maintained or collected without emerging after pupation, it is preferable that the incubation period be 30 days or less, 25 days or less, 20 days or less, 18 days or less, 16 days or less, or 14 days or less at the temperature.

[0132] (Conclusion) According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a pupation device that allows a large number of larvae to naturally separate and pupate, and to provide a pupation device, a farming device, and a farming method that use the pupation device. While the present invention has been described above using exemplary embodiments, the descriptions and drawings that form part of this disclosure should not be understood to limit the present invention. Various alternative embodiments, examples, and operational techniques will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure.

[0133] For example, the above example has been explained mainly with superworms as the premise, but it goes without saying that the present invention can be applied not only to the pupation of larvae with the same or similar characteristics as superworms, but also to the cultivation of insects such as black soldier flies, flies, and mealworms, from the perspective of improving the efficiency of cultivation and facilitating the process of recovering pupae or adults.

[0134] As such, the present invention naturally includes various embodiments not described herein. Therefore, the technical scope of the present invention is defined only by the matters specifying the invention in the claims, which can be interpreted appropriately from the above explanation.

[0135] Example 1 (Purpose) It is known that superworms, unlike mealworms, are unable to pupate when multiple superworms are reared in one container, and this finding was confirmed.

[0136] (Method) Late-stage superworms (4-month-old larvae) and late-stage mealworms (Tenebrio molitor larvae) (1-1.5-month-old larvae) (Toshiro Bussan, Ltd.) were introduced into the pupation chambers (length and width dimensions) of a pupation device without an artificial pupal chamber at different numbers (1, 5, 10, 20, and 49). The devices were left at an average temperature of 28.7°C and an average humidity of 77.9% for 46 days. The number of individuals in each chamber at each stage of development was counted after 32, 39, and 46 days. The pupation rate was calculated by summing the number of pupae and adults after each period out of the total number of individuals introduced. Adults were counted in the pupation rate because they had already passed the pupation stage and simply progressed beyond the stage of development. No feeding was carried out after the introduction.

[0137] (Results) Table 1 shows the results for superworms, and Table 2 shows the results for mealworms.

[0138]

[0139]

[0140] It is known in the field that superworms have a high probability of pupating if they are isolated individually, as described in a report by Toga et al. (Toga K., et al., 2021, Developmental Biology, 473: 71-79). However, as is clear from Table 1, when multiple individuals were introduced, none of them pupated, reproducing previous results. The increase in the number of dead and missing individuals as the number of individuals introduced increased, possibly due to cannibalism caused by overcrowding and stress-related deaths.

[0141] In contrast, as shown in Table 2, even when multiple mealworms were introduced into the pond in a crowded condition, some of the individuals were able to pupate and subsequently emerge.

[0142] From the above results, it became clear that, unlike mealworms, superworms cannot pupate when multiple individuals are present, and that some kind of device or method is required to promote pupation.

[0143] <Example 2> (Purpose) The results of Example 1 revealed that superworms and the like cannot pupate in a normal environment where multiple individuals are present. Therefore, in this Example, we confirm that pupation is possible even in the presence of multiple individuals by using the pupation device of the present invention. We also verify the size of the artificial pupal chamber (grid length and threshold length) that maximizes the pupation rate.

[0144] (Method) Final stage individuals (four-month-old larvae) of the superworms used in Example 1 were used as Zophobus insect larvae.

[0145] The pupation device used was a pupation device of the present invention, including an artificial pupal chamber. The planar shapes of each artificial pupal chamber were as shown in Figures 11(a) to 11(f). The square length and threshold length of the artificial pupal chamber of each pupation device were varied, and 49 final-stage superworm individuals were placed in each pupation device. The devices were left to stand at an average temperature of 28.7°C and an average humidity of 77.9%. The pupation rate was calculated from the relationship between the number of individuals that had pupated and the square length or threshold length 16 days after placement. Note that no feeding was provided during the standing period.

[0146] (Results) The results are shown in Figures 12 and 13. Figure 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the grid length of the artificial pupal chamber in the pupation device of the present invention and the pupation rate. Figure 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the threshold length of the pupation device in the artificial pupal chamber in the pupation device of the present invention and the pupation rate.

[0147] 12 and 13, it was revealed that when the pupation device of the present invention equipped with an artificial pupal chamber was used, pupation occurred regardless of the pupation rate. This result demonstrated that the use of the pupation device of the present invention can be used to pupate superworms and other insects that do not pupate at all in the presence of multiple individuals.

[0148] Furthermore, the results in Figure 12 show that a square length in the range of 15mm to 30mm can achieve a pupation rate of 30% or more. In particular, a square length in the range of 20mm to 30mm was found to be more suitable, with a pupation rate of 60% or more.

[0149] Furthermore, the results in Figure 13 show that a threshold length in the range of 10mm to 50mm can result in pupation with a pupation rate of 15% or more. In particular, it was found that a threshold length in the range of 20mm to 45mm is more suitable, with a pupation rate of 60% or more.

[0150] <Example 3> (Purpose) From the results of Figure 12 in Example 2, a square length of 15 mm showed a pupation rate of 30% or more. Therefore, in this example, the square length was further shortened to verify the minimum square length required for pupation.

[0151] (Method) The basic method was the same as in Example 2. That is, the final stage individuals (four-month-old larvae) of the superworms used in Example 1 were used as Zophobus insect larvae.

[0152] The pupation device used was a pupation device of the present invention containing 49 artificial pupal chambers (7 rows x 7 rows). The planar shape of each artificial pupal chamber was a square with cell lengths of 10 mm, 11 mm, 12 mm, 13 mm, and 14 mm. The threshold length was 45 mm for all cases.

[0153] Forty-nine final-stage superworm individuals (four-month-old larvae) were placed into each pupation device and left to stand at an average temperature of 28.7°C and an average humidity of 77.9%, and the pupation rate was calculated from the relationship between the number of individuals that had pupated 14 days after placement and the length of each square. Note that no feeding was provided during the standing period.

[0154] (Results) The results are shown in Figure 22. These results show that superworms and the like can pupate if the grid length is 11 mm or more, and that if it is 12 mm, 10% or more can pupate.

[0155] 10...pupation frame, 10'...pupation device, 11...frame body, 12...grid, 13...fence portion, 14...larva, 15...pupa, 30...breeding chamber, 31...sensor, 32...temperature adjustment device, 33...humidity adjustment device, 34...controller, 40...larva supply unit, 41...drive unit, 42...recovery unit, 43...container, 50...pupation device, 51...storage portion, 52...artificial pupation chamber, 53...escape prevention wall.

[0156] All publications, patents, and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

Claims

1. A pupation aid for assisting the pupation of larvae of insects of the genus Zophobas, comprising: - a storage part with an open top for accommodating a plurality of larvae of insects of the genus Zophobas; - a plurality of artificial pupation chambers formed by recesses arranged in the storage part; and - an escape prevention wall arranged at the upper end of the outer edge of the storage part to prevent the larvae from escaping from the storage part, wherein the artificial pupation chamber has a size capable of accommodating the larvae in the pre-pupal state.

2. The pupation aid according to claim 1, wherein the artificial pupation chamber has an artificial pupation chamber length of 11 mm or more and 40 mm or less, and an artificial pupation chamber height of 10 mm or more and 50 mm or less.

3. The pupation aid according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the height of the escape prevention wall is longer than the total length of the larvae in the late final instar.

4. The pupation aid according to claim 3, wherein the height of the escape prevention wall is longer than 50 mm.

5. The pupation aid according to claim 1, wherein the artificial pupation chamber has one or more planar shapes selected from the group consisting of a square, a rectangle, a circle, an ellipse, an equilateral triangle, and a regular n-gon (n is a natural number of 5 or more).

6. A method for promoting the pupation of insects of the genus Zophobas, comprising: - an input step of putting a plurality of final instar larvae of insects of the genus Zophobas into the storage part of the pupation aid according to claim 1; and - a static step of statically placing the pupation aid at 18 to 32 °C for 5 days or more after the input step.

7. A pupation device, comprising: - a breeding room for storing the pupation aid according to claim 1; - a sensor for detecting the temperature and humidity of the breeding room; - a temperature adjustment device for changing the temperature of the breeding room; - a humidity adjustment device for changing the humidity of the breeding room; and - a controller for controlling the temperature adjustment device and the humidity adjustment device based on a signal from the sensor.

8. A farming device, comprising: - a larva supply part for collectively supplying a plurality of final instar larvae of insects of the genus Zophobas to the pupation aid according to claim 1; - a driving part for driving the pupation aid; and - a recovery part for recovering the pupae or adults obtained by the metamorphosis of the larvae from the pupation aid.

9. A cultivation method using the final-instar cultivation apparatus for insects of the genus Zophobas according to claim 8, comprising: a step of collectively supplying the final-instar larvae of the plurality of insects of the genus Zophobas to the pupation tool; and a step of driving the pupation tool using the drive unit and collectively recovering the pupae or adults obtained by the metamorphosis of the larvae into the recovery unit. A cultivation method characterized by comprising the above.

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