Fossiliferous limestone based self-repairing and self-assembling materials

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-repairing and assembling composite material based on fossiliferous limestone Said material comprises fossiliferous limestone powder, cement, PVA, chitosan, zinc nitrate, water and other organic (protein-based) components and is used in mass concrete, coating material, filling and jointing material, paint and plaster content, ground cover, and restoration and repair of historical artifacts.

Description

[0001] FOSSILIFEROUS LIMESTONE BASED SELF-REPAIRING AND SELFASSEMBLING MATERIALS

[0002] Technical Field of the Invention

[0003] The invention relates to a self-repairing and assembling composite material based on fossiliferous limestone. Said material can be used in the contents of construction materials (concrete, plaster, floor covering, paint) or easily in the restoration and repair of surfaces in buildings against the risk of scratches, damage, and defects.

[0004] State of the Art

[0005] When the history of architecture is analyzed, it is observed that physical effects as well as socio-cultural factors have transformative effects on architecture. One of the most important of these physical factors is building materials. As well as physical factors such as disasters, floods, and climatic effects, the material infrastructure of the region also plays a role in the localization and transformation of architectural styles

[0001] . According to records, fossiliferous limestone is the only type of stone that has remained durable in artifacts over a long period of time such as 2000-2500 years, and it is also known as “Lumesel limestone”, “Mactra limestone” or “Bakirkdy stone”, which has met the building stone needs of Istanbul and Thrace for centuries [2], Due to the high proportion of carbonate in its chemical composition, a rapid foaming is observed in its reaction with acid. It has a porous, calcite texture with abundant shell fossils. It is a light beige and white, fine-grained sandy compact rock. While fossiliferous limestone is light, easy to cut and process, and has low strength in the quarry, its tensile, compressive and shear strengths and modulus of elasticity increase after a certain period of time. On the other hand, its gas and water diffusion and permeability decrease. When first extracted from the quarry, the fossiliferous limestone has a unit volume weight of 2.2 t / m2, porosity of 12-13%, water absorption of 1 .5% (by weight), compressive strength of 20-30 MPa (15 cm3), and when kept under atmospheric conditions, some of its cavities are filled with calcium bicarbonate (Ca(HCO3)2) with the rapid carbonation process by absorbing CO2into its structure. While the porosity of the fossiliferous limestone decreases and the unit volume weight increases, water absorption decreases. While some of this water of the fossiliferous limestone with water in its structure evaporates, some of it is trapped in the layer formed as a result of carbonation in the thickness that develops over time from the outer walls to the inside, and with the presence of water in the structure, it provides additional contributions to the bearing strength of the structure under dynamic loads. Fossiliferous limestone type having an independent hollow structure and fewer cavities smaller than 0.1 pm is less affected by external factors such as temperature changes, freezing and thawing, wetting, drying etc. [3]. Its prominent features are that it is suitable for all kinds of processing and easy to process when it is extracted from the quarry, and after contact with air, it absorbs carbon dioxide into its structure and increases its hardness with a secondary hydration, gaining durability and strength. For this reason, it is the most widely used type of stone in the restoration of historical artifacts, especially suitable for hand embroidery from the Ottoman period. Despite being such an effective type of stone, fossiliferous limestone, like other materials used in construction, needs to be reassembled and repaired in cases such as scratches, damage, deterioration, and cracking.

[0006] In the state of the art, particularly with deepening cracks, both the deterioration of the structural integrity of concrete and the corrosion of the metal framework caused by water and oxygen seeping through the cracks can reduce the service life of structures by half. On the other hand, sealing the formed cracks is not easy, as bridges, viaducts, tall buildings, which are dozens of meters high, or tunnels located meters below the ground, require specialized teams for continuous inspection and repair. As a result, half of the cost of newly built buildings is spent on the repair of old buildings every year. For this reason, Eric Schlagen and Henk Jonkers obtained self-healing concrete by adding bacterial spores and calcium lactate foods into the mixture while producing concrete [4], When cracks form in concrete, the water that seeps in activates bacterial spores and these bacteria, fed by calcium lactate foods added during production, produce limestone. Since limestone is a substance that is very poorly soluble in water, the crack is prevented from sealing and deepening. However, the aforementioned mixture allowing the concrete to repair itself is not suitable for large-scale production, and its production requires high costs.

[0007] Reasons such as the limitations and inadequacies of the solutions in the present state of the art, the self-repairing materials not having the ability to self-assemble, and the self-repairing materials not being suitable for large-scale production and their production requiring high costs have made it necessary to make developments in this field.

[0008] Summary and Objects of the Invention

[0009] The invention describes a self-repairing and assembling composite material based on fossiliferous limestone. The material of the invention can be used in the contents of construction materials (concrete, plaster, floor covering, paint) or easily in the restoration and repair of surfaces in buildings against the risk of scratches, damage, and defects.

[0010] The object of the invention is to provide protection against all kinds of scratches, cracks, damage, and defects on the surfaces of buildings and historical artifacts. The composite material of the invention has both self-repairing and self-assembling properties at the same time, and said fossiliferous limestone-based material has selfrepairing and assembling properties thanks to certain mineral-based materials added into the concrete.

[0011] Another object of the invention is to carry out the construction / repair of buildings and the restoration of historical artifacts at low cost. The material of the invention is produced at low cost thanks to being a material that is readily available in the environment and being easily supplied and processed.

[0012] Detailed Description of the Invention

[0013] The invention relates to a self-repairing and assembling composite material based on fossiliferous limestone. Said material comprises fossiliferous limestone powder, cement, PVA, chitosan, zinc nitrate, water and other organic (protein -based) components and is used in mass concrete, coating material, filling and jointing material, paint and plaster content, ground cover, and restoration and repair of historical artifacts.

[0014] The composite material of the invention comprises fossiliferous limestone powder, cement, PVA, chitosan, zinc nitrate, water, and other organic (protein-based) components. In an embodiment of the invention, the composite of the invention comprises by mass 30-60% fossiliferous limestone powder, 20-40% cement, 30-50% PVA (in powder or liquid form), 1 -9% chitosan (in powder or liquid form), 1 -20% zinc nitrate, 10-15% water, and 5-25% other organic (protein-based) components. In another embodiment of the invention, the composite of the invention comprises by mass 40% fossiliferous limestone powder, 30% cement, 45% PVA (in powder or liquid form), 7% chitosan (in powder or liquid form), 5% zinc nitrate, 8% water, and 6% other organic (protein-based) components. Said organic components here are eggs (eggshell, white, yolk) or plants containing vegetable protein.

[0015] The production method of a self-repairing and assembling composite material of the invention comprises the process steps of; i. mixing ground homogenized fossiliferous limestone powder with cement, PVA, chitosan, zinc nitrate, water, and other organic (protein-based) components, ii. grinding the mixture by processing with a batch mill or agitator, iii. pouring the processed mixture into molds and leaving it to dry and solidify.

[0016] In another embodiment of the invention, the production method of a self-repairing and assembling composite material of the invention comprises the process steps of; i. mixing homogenized fossiliferous limestone powder ground to 1 -5 micron fineness with cement, PVA, chitosan, zinc nitrate, water, and other organic (protein-based) components, ii. grinding the mixture by processing with a batch mill or agitator, iii. pouring the processed mixture into molds and leaving it to dry and solidify at room temperature for 24-48 hours.

[0017] In the invention, fossiliferous limestone, in block or finely powdered form, absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) through atmospheric effects, undergoing a secondary “hydration” process that leads to gelation, followed by solidification, densification, and transforming into a durable composite material with high toughness. These material compositions, which solidify, densify, and toughen by hardening, possess "self-repairing" and "selfassembling" properties, and when deep scratches, cracks, damage, and defects on the hardened surfaces are treated with special spray liquids, these seal and disappear, effectively repairing themselves, thus restoring their natural surface appearance. Industrial Applicability of the Invention

[0018] The invention relates to a self-repairing and assembling composite material based on fossiliferous limestone, and is industrially applicable.

[0019] The invention is not limited to the above descriptions and the person skilled in the art can readily present other different embodiments of the invention. These should be considered within the protection scope of the invention claimed by the claims.

[0020] REFERENCES

[0021] [1] QAKMAK, A. (2021, June 30). Yapi Malzemesinin Tarihsel geli§imi ve Mi MA RUGA ETKlLERl. ATA Planlama ve Tasarim Dergisi.

[0022] KUMRAL, M., §ANS, G., YALQIN, C., KAYA, M., & BUDAKOGLU, M. (2019, January 28).

[0023] [2] Qatalca (Istanbul) ClVARINDAKl Tarihi Kufeki Ta§inin Olu§umunda Fiziksel ve Kimyasal dzelliklerin ETKlLERl. Nigde Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Muhendislik Bilimleri Dergisi.

[0024] [3] Admin. (2021, September 15). Kufeki Ta§i Nedir? Fiziksel ve Kimyasal dzellikleri.

[0025] INSAPEDIA. https: / / insapedia.com / kufeki-tasi-nedir-fiziksel-ve-kimyasal-ozellikleri / Sang, J. (2018, June 2).

[0026] [4] Bacteria-based self-healing concrete to increase liquid tightness of cracks H I G H L I G H T S. Construction and Building Materials.

Claims

CLAIMS1. A self-repairing and assembling composite material, characterized in that it comprises fossiliferous limestone powder, cement, PVA, chitosan, zinc nitrate, water, and other organic (protein-based) components.

2. A composite material according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises by mass 30-60% fossiliferous limestone powder, 20-40% cement, 30-50% PVA (in powder or liquid form), 1 -9% chitosan (in powder or liquid form), 1 -20% zinc nitrate, 10-15% water, and 5-25% other organic (protein-based) components.

3. A composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises by mass 40% fossiliferous limestone powder, 30% cement, 45% PVA (in powder or liquid form), 7% chitosan (in powder or liquid form), 5% zinc nitrate, 8% water, and 6% other organic (protein-based) components.

4. A composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said organic (protein-based) components are eggs (eggshell, white, yolk) or plants containing vegetable protein.

5. A production method of a composite material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the process steps of; i. mixing ground homogenized fossiliferous limestone powder with cement, PVA, chitosan, zinc nitrate, water, and other organic (protein-based) components, ii. grinding the mixture by processing with a batch mill or agitator, iii. pouring the processed mixture into molds and leaving it to dry and solidify.

6. A method according to claim 5, characterized in that it comprises the process steps of; i. mixing homogenized fossiliferous limestone powder ground to 1 -5 micron fineness with cement, PVA, chitosan, zinc nitrate, water, and other organic (protein-based) components,ii. grinding the mixture by processing with a batch mill or agitator, iii. pouring the processed mixture into molds and leaving it to dry and solidify at room temperature for 24-48 hours.

7. A method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that said organic (proteinbased) components are eggs (eggshell, white, yolk) or plants containing vegetable protein.

8. A self-repairing and assembling composite material produced by a method according to claim 5 or 6.