Solder nozzle

Abstract

The invention relates to a solder nozzle (10) for a selective soldering process, comprising a main part (12), which extends along a longitudinal axis (L) and which comprises a nozzle base (14) with a solder inlet opening (16), and a solder outlet (18) for forming a solder wave, wherein the solder outlet has a solder outlet opening (20), and the solder inlet opening and the solder outlet opening are mutually spaced and connected together by a solder channel (22). The main part has a base region (26) which starts from the nozzle base and extends in the direction of the solder outlet, said base region having a cross-section with an at least largely round outer contour (AB), and the nozzle base encloses a nozzle base cross-sectional area. The main part has an outlet region (28) which starts from the solder outlet and extends in the direction of the nozzle base to the base region, said outlet region having a cross-section with an at least largely rectangular outer contour (AA), and the solder outlet encloses a solder outlet region cross-sectional area. The outer contour of the outlet region forms an outer surface which predominantly runs parallel to the longitudinal axis, and the nozzle base cross-sectional area is larger than the solder outlet region cross-sectional area.

Description

[0001] Applicant:

[0002] ERSA GmbH

[0003] Leonhard-Karl-Straße 24

[0004] 97877 Wertheim

[0005] 11630208WO 12 .11.2024

[0006] ABU / JOS

[0007] Title: Soldering nozzle

[0008] Description

[0009] The invention relates to a solder nozzle for selective soldering. The solder nozzle has a base body extending along a longitudinal axis. The base body has a nozzle base with a solder inlet opening and a solder outlet for forming a solder wave. The solder outlet has a solder outlet opening, wherein the solder inlet opening and the solder outlet opening are spaced apart from one another and connected by a solder channel.

[0010] During selective soldering, molten solder, which is pumped from a solder bath, flows through the solder nozzle. The solder flows through the solder inlet opening, the solder channel and exits the solder outlet opening in the form of a solder wave. Selective soldering is used particularly for circuit boards populated with through-hole technology (THT) components, the so-called solder material. The solder wave is brought into contact with a soldering point on the solder material in order to solder it. It is conceivable that an individual solder nozzle is moved to solder points one after the other in order to solder them. The solder flows from the solder wave back into the solder bath via a jacket surface on the outside of the solder nozzle.

[0011] Such a soldering nozzle is known from DE 10 2020 118 399 Al.

[0012] A soldering nozzle with separating elements in the solder outlet is also known from CN 104084661 A.

[0013] A soldering nozzle with a solder channel cross-section that varies along the nozzle's longitudinal axis and increases toward the solder outlet opening is known from KR 10 2018 0 006 238 A. In addition, KR 10 2018 0 006 238 A shows solder guide elements arranged within the solder channel.

[0014] These soldering nozzles have several disadvantages with regard to wear, withdrawal behavior, and the formation of the solder wave. If the flow conditions of the liquid solder in the solder channel or along the outer surfaces of the soldering nozzle are poor, the formation of the solder wave can be disrupted and the quality of the solder joints can be reduced. If the withdrawal behavior of the solder joints is poor, undesirable solder bridges can form between individual contacts of the solder joints. The object of the invention is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

[0015] The object is achieved by a soldering nozzle for selective soldering according to claim 1. A soldering nozzle for selective soldering is provided with a main body extending along a longitudinal axis. The main body has a nozzle base which has a solder inlet opening. The main body also has a solder outlet for forming a soldering wave. The solder outlet has a solder outlet opening. The solder inlet opening and the solder outlet opening are spaced apart from one another and connected by a solder channel. In particular, it is provided that the main body has a base region which starts from the nozzle base and extends in the direction of the solder outlet and has a base region cross-section with an at least largely round outer contour. The nozzle base encloses a nozzle base cross-sectional area.It is further provided that the base body has an outlet region extending from the solder outlet and in the direction of the nozzle base to the base region, said outlet region having an outlet region cross-section with an at least largely quadrangular outer contour. The solder outlet encloses a solder outlet region cross-sectional area. The outer contour of the outlet region forms an outer surface that runs predominantly parallel to the longitudinal axis. The nozzle base cross-sectional area is larger than the solder outlet region cross-sectional area.

[0016] This has the advantage that the flow of liquid solder from the soldering wave is efficiently diverted with little flow resistance over the outer surfaces of the soldering nozzle formed by the outer contours. Improved flow ensures less wear on the outer surfaces of the soldering nozzle and also a better formation of the soldering wave.

[0017] The nozzle base preferably extends transversely to the longitudinal axis and is preferably provided for arranging the soldering nozzle on a soldering device. The solder outlet preferably extends transversely to the longitudinal axis and forms the solder wave of liquid solder. The solder channel, which connects the solder inlet and the solder outlet, can be flowed through by the liquid solder.

[0018] It is preferred that the base region has at least one curved section which runs around the longitudinal axis and whose outer contour is concave and / or convex in longitudinal section. The outer contour of the at least one curved section and preferably of all curved sections are in particular rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis. The flow of the solder is advantageously guided along the outer contour of the soldering nozzle by means of this at least one curved section. In particular, the at least one curved section results in a largely continuous transition between different cross sections of the base region, at least in some regions, thereby improving the soldering flow.

[0019] Advantageously, the round outer contour of the base region has a radial distance from the longitudinal axis, wherein the radial distance decreases from the nozzle base to the outlet region.

[0020] Advantageously, the square outer contour of the

[0021] Outlet region has a maximum radial distance from the longitudinal axis, the maximum radial distance of the square outer contour forming a ratio with a maximum radial distance of the round outer contour of the base region, the ratio being in the range from 0.55 to 0.75 and preferably in the range of 0.624. With such ratios, the base body has a slim appearance, which promotes the flow and ensures less wear on the outer surface. It is advantageous if the radial distance of the base region is reduced in such a way that an outer surface of the base region is at least partially a concave truncated cone with a radius of curvature, the radius of curvature being in the range from 50 mm to 150 mm and preferably 100 mm. The base region is at least partially a concave truncated cone whose outer surface is part of a hyperboloid.This outer surface guides the flow of the solder advantageously and enables an advantageous flow velocity.

[0022] The radius of curvature is preferably arranged such that a partial region is largely parallel to the longitudinal axis and then moves away from the longitudinal axis in the direction of the nozzle base, so that the widest part of the soldering nozzle is reached in the area of ​​the nozzle base. This design initially accelerates the flow of solder to achieve the best possible discharge from the soldering wave. It is then slowed down again so that the solder flows into the solder bath at a low flow velocity to avoid splashing.

[0023] It is also conceivable for corner regions of the outer surface of the outlet region to merge into the outer surface of the base region. Advantageously, the soldering nozzle has a longitudinal extension along the longitudinal axis between the nozzle base and the solder outlet, with an outlet region length of the outlet region accounting for 10% to 40% and preferably 22% to 26% or 30% to 34% of the longitudinal extension. Such an outlet region length ensures improved solder drainage.

[0024] It is conceivable that the base body has a transition region adjacent to the outlet region and extending into the base region, wherein the outer contour of the transition region is at least partially different from the outer contour of the base region and the outer contour of the outlet region.

[0025] It is also conceivable for the transition region to have predominantly flat transition sections arranged at an angle to the longitudinal axis, wherein the angle is in the range from 15° to 30° and preferably in the range from 20° to 25°. "Flat" is to be understood here as a piece of paper lying flat on a tabletop, for example. The transition sections advantageously guide the flow of the solder over the outer surface in the transition region from the outlet region into the transition region.

[0026] Preferably, a section curved in accordance with the curvature of the base section is arranged between the transition sections.

[0027] The transition sections are advantageously V-shaped or U-shaped. The transition sections merge into the base region with a V-shaped or U-shaped edge. It is preferred that the length of the transition region along the longitudinal axis accounts for 1% to 20% and preferably for 4% to 6% of the longitudinal extent. This improves the solder flow along the outer contour of the soldering nozzle.

[0028] It is advantageous if the solder entry opening has a square or at least a largely round solder entry cross-section.

[0029] It is further advantageous if the solder inlet cross-section has a width running transversely to the longitudinal axis and a length running transversely to the width, the width and length having a ratio in the range from 1 to 0.5 and preferably a ratio in the range from 0.8 to 0.75. Such a solder inlet cross-section can advantageously accommodate the liquid solder conveyed from the solder bath.

[0030] It is conceivable for the solder inlet cross-section to have rounded corners with a radius ranging from 3 mm to 7 mm, and preferably in the range of 5 mm. Rounded corners promote the absorption of the liquid solder and contribute to an improved flow to the solder outlet.

[0031] Advantageously, the solder channel has a first solder channel section that adjoins the solder outlet and has a first solder channel cross-section. In particular, the solder channel can have a square cross-section.

[0032] Advantageously, the solder channel has a second solder channel cross-section, which adjoins the solder inlet opening and has a second solder channel cross-section. It is particularly advantageous if the second solder channel cross-section corresponds at least largely to the solder inlet cross-section. The solder inlet cross-section, the first and second solder channel cross-sections, particularly in conjunction with one another, have the advantage that the flow of solder to the solder outlet is well developed and promotes the formation of a solder wave.

[0033] It is also particularly advantageous that the first solder channel cross-section is smaller than the second solder channel cross-section. This allows for an increase in the flow velocity and enables adjustment of the solder pressure conditions within the soldering nozzle.

[0034] It is advantageous if the solder channel has a third solder channel section, which is arranged between the first solder channel section and the second solder channel section and has a third solder channel cross-section. Preferably, the third solder channel cross-section is larger than the first solder channel cross-section, and the third solder channel cross-section is smaller than the second solder channel cross-section. This makes it possible to increase the flow velocity and to adjust the pressure conditions of the solder within the solder nozzle.

[0035] Advantageously, the solder channel runs with the first solder channel cross-section and the second solder channel cross-section in the base region and the solder channel in the transition region and in the outlet region with the first solder channel cross-section.

[0036] It is also advantageous that the solder channel runs with the first solder channel cross-section, the second solder channel cross-section, and the third solder channel cross-section in the base region, and that the solder channel runs with the first solder channel cross-section in the transition region and the outlet region. This enables good solder flow along the solder channel.

[0037] It is advantageous if the solder outlet opening is essentially square. A square solder outlet opening allows a solder wave to be advantageously formed. The withdrawal behavior is positively influenced by a square shape of the solder outlet opening compared to a round solder outlet opening. It is preferred that separating elements are provided in the solder outlet opening, wherein the separating elements divide the solder outlet opening into several opening areas. The formation of the solder wave is further improved by the division into several opening areas instead of one larger solder outlet opening. The flow of the solder is calmed. The withdrawal behavior is thereby improved in all directions transverse to the longitudinal axis.

[0038] It is conceivable for the separating elements to extend transversely to the longitudinal axis, with the separating elements being arranged such that they intersect at right angles in the region of the longitudinal axis. Simply put, the separating elements form a cross when viewed along the longitudinal axis. It is conceivable for the opening areas to be either square or triangular. Such a subdivision improves the peel behavior and the formation of the unidirectional solder wave.

[0039] It is also conceivable that the solder outlet opening has a width and a length and that the separating elements are arranged so that they divide the width and length in half. It is advantageous if the opening areas are rectangular, with the opening areas being equal.

[0040] Opening areas have the advantage that the properties of the soldering nozzle are approximately the same in all directions transverse to the longitudinal axis.

[0041] Advantageously, the separating elements extend along the longitudinal axis with a separating element length, wherein the separating element length is substantially as long as the length of the outlet region or the separating element length and the length of the outlet region form a ratio in the range of 0.8. Such a separating element length has a positive influence on the flow through the solder channel to the solder outlet.

[0042] It is advantageous if at least one first drainage is provided in the form of at least one drainage opening from the solder channel, wherein the at least one drainage opening extends along a drainage axis. It is further advantageous if at least four first drainage openings are provided which are arranged opposite one another and / or whose drainage axes intersect at a point on the longitudinal axis. The first drainage can guide solder from the solder channel to the outer surface. The first drainage enables pressure equalization when the soldering wave comes into contact with the item to be soldered, so that a slight widening and / or flattening of the soldering wave occurs. This also means that more solder can be guided through the soldering nozzle than is necessary for the soldering wave.

[0043] It is conceivable that the at least one drainage axis forms an angle in the range of 10° to 90°, preferably in the range of 30° to 60°, and particularly preferably in the range of 45°, with the longitudinal axis. The angle is preferably inclined toward the nozzle base so that the solder flowing from the first drainage flows into the flow on the outer surface of the soldering nozzle with little disruption.

[0044] It is advantageous if the first drainage is arranged in the transition region. It is particularly advantageous if the first drainage is arranged in the at least one transition section. It is further advantageous if the first drainage is arranged partly in the base region and / or partly in the outlet region. In conjunction with the transition region, the solder can be guided largely without interference onto the outer surface with the first drainage from the solder channel.

[0045] It is conceivable that the at least one first drainage opening has an at least largely round first drainage cross-section. It is further conceivable that the sum of the areas of the first drainage cross-section and the area of ​​the first solder channel cross-section form a ratio in the range of 0.25.

[0046] It is also conceivable that the sum of the area of ​​the first drainage cross-section of the first drainage with an area of ​​the second solder channel cross-section forms a ratio in the range of 0.15.

[0047] Advantageously, the sum of the area of ​​the first drainage cross-section of the first drainage with an area of ​​the solder outlet opening forms a ratio in the range of 0.3.

[0048] Further advantageously, the surface of the first

[0049] solder channel cross-section with the area of ​​the second

[0050] Solder channel cross-section a ratio in the range of 0.63. It is conceivable that edges at the solder outlet opening and the separating elements have a rounding with a radius of 0.3 mm.

[0051] Advantageously, at least one second drainage is arranged at the solder outlet opening. It is conceivable that the second drainage is arranged in at least one corner region of the outlet region. The second drainage is thus separate from the first drainage. The second drainage can be arranged transversely to the longitudinal axis. It is further conceivable that the second drainage has a second drainage cross-section. The second drainage can be only partially surrounded by the outlet region. The second drainage cross-section can be open at the edge to the solder outlet opening.

[0052] It is preferred that at least two curved sections running around the longitudinal axis and having an outer contour which is concave and / or convex in longitudinal section are provided within the base region, at least one of the curved sections being concave and at least one of the curved sections being convex. The outer contour of the curved sections is in particular rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis. The flow of the solder is advantageously guided along the outer contour of the soldering nozzle by means of the at least two curved sections. In particular, this results in a largely continuous transition between different cross sections of the base region, at least in some regions, thereby improving the solder flow.

[0053] A preferred embodiment provides that the base region comprises a base section extending from the nozzle base toward the solder outlet. The base section preferably comprises an outer contour with an outer surface that runs predominantly parallel to the longitudinal axis. The base section therefore preferably has an at least largely cylindrical shape. This enables good solder flow. Furthermore, this enables simple assembly of the soldering nozzle on the solder pot.

[0054] It is preferred that the base region comprises a main section extending from the outlet region in the direction of the nozzle base. The main section preferably comprises an outer contour which encloses a main section cross-sectional area. The main section cross-sectional area preferably decreases in the direction of the solder outlet along the longitudinal axis. The main section therefore preferably tapers in the direction of the solder outlet. The main section preferably has an at least largely conical shape. This enables good solder flow along the outer contour of the main section.

[0055] It is further preferred that at least one curved section, which extends around the longitudinal axis and has an outer contour that is concave and / or convex in longitudinal section, is arranged between the main section and the base section. This at least one curved section advantageously guides the flow of solder along the outer contour from the main section to the base section of the soldering nozzle.

[0056] It is particularly preferred that at least two curved sections are arranged between the main section and the base section, wherein at least one of the curved sections is concave and at least one of the curved sections is convex. This further improves the solder flow along the outer contour of the soldering nozzle.

[0057] It is further preferred that the at least one concavely shaped curved section adjoins the main section, and that the at least one convexly shaped curved section adjoins the base section. This allows the solder flow along the outer contour of the soldering nozzle to be particularly improved.

[0058] It is possible and preferred for the radius of curvature of the concavely shaped curved section to be between 1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 13 mm and 16 mm. The radius of curvature of the convexly shaped curved section is preferably between 1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 13 mm and 16 mm. This enables a significant improvement in the solder flow along the outer contour of the soldering nozzle.

[0059] It is also advantageous that the radius of curvature of the concavely formed curved section and the radius of curvature of the convexly formed curved section form a ratio of 0.2 to 5, preferably of 0.8 to 1.2. This significantly improves the flow of the solder along the outer contour of the soldering nozzle.

[0060] A further preferred embodiment provides that at least one connecting section with an outer contour is arranged between the at least two curved sections. The outer contour preferably runs in longitudinal section along a straight line which encloses a connecting angle with the longitudinal axis. It is advantageous that the connecting angle between the straight line of the outer contour of the connecting section present in the longitudinal section and the longitudinal axis is between 0 ° and 90 °, preferably between 55 and 65 °. This enables an improvement in the solder flow along the outer contour of the solder nozzle, in particular in the connecting section.

[0061] Furthermore, it is preferred that the base section length of the base section accounts for 5% to 30%, and preferably 14% to 18%, of the longitudinal extent. This improves the solder flow and enables easy assembly of the soldering nozzle on the solder pot.

[0062] A preferred embodiment provides that the main section length of the main section accounts for 20% to 50%, and preferably 34% to 38%, of the longitudinal extent. This results in a slim appearance of the soldering nozzle, which promotes flow and ensures less wear on the outer surface.

[0063] The soldering nozzle can preferably be manufactured using an additive manufacturing process.

[0064] It is advantageous if the separating elements and the soldering nozzle are made in one piece.

[0065] The outer surfaces of the soldering nozzle are preferably wettable with the solder. The outer surfaces of the soldering nozzle are preferably provided with a coating, for example, an alloy, that differs from the base material of the base body.

[0066] A soldering nozzle according to the invention at least partially overcomes the disadvantages of previous soldering nozzles. In particular, the advantageous design of the soldering nozzle allows the flow of the solder through the solder inlet opening, the solder channel, and out of the solder outlet opening, as well as over the outer surfaces, to be influenced in order to improve wear and removal behavior.

[0067] Further details and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the following description, on the basis of which embodiments of the invention are described and explained in more detail.

[0068] It shows :

[0069] Figure 1: a first embodiment of a soldering nozzle in perspective view;

[0070] Figure 2 : the soldering nozzle according to Fig . 1 from the side

[0071] Figure 3 : the soldering nozzle according to Fig . 1 and 2 as

[0072] sectional view;

[0073] Figure 4 : the soldering nozzle according to Figures 1 to 3 from below;

[0074] Figure 5 : the soldering nozzle according to Figures 1 to 4 from above;

[0075] Figures 6 to 9: a second embodiment of a soldering nozzle in different views with a first drainage opening;

[0076] Figure 10: a third embodiment of a soldering nozzle with a first and second drainage opening; Figure 11: a fourth embodiment of a soldering nozzle;

[0077] Figure 12: a detailed view of a solder outlet area of ​​the soldering nozzle (see Fig. 11);

[0078] Figure 13: a fifth embodiment of a soldering nozzle in perspective view;

[0079] Figure 14: the soldering nozzle according to Fig. 13 from the side;

[0080] Figure 15: the soldering nozzle according to Fig. 13 and 14 as

[0081] sectional view;

[0082] Figure 16: the soldering nozzle according to Figures 13 to 15 from below; and

[0083] Figure 17: the soldering nozzle according to Figures 13 to 16 from above.

[0084] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a first embodiment of a soldering nozzle 10 for selective soldering. The soldering nozzle 10 comprises a base body 12 with an outer surface 13 extending along a longitudinal axis L. The base body 12 has a nozzle base 14 extending transversely to the longitudinal axis L. The nozzle base has a solder inlet opening 16, which can be seen in Figures 3 and 4.

[0085] The base body 12 further comprises a solder outlet 18, which has at least one solder outlet opening 20 for forming a solder wave (not shown). The solder inlet opening 16 and the solder outlet opening 20 are spaced apart from one another and connected to one another by a solder channel 22. The solder channel 22 is shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5. Separating elements 24 are provided in the solder outlet opening 20, which divide the solder outlet opening 20 into a plurality of opening regions 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, as shown in detail in Figure 5.

[0086] The base body 12 has a base region 26 extending from the nozzle base 14 and along the longitudinal axis L in the direction of the solder outlet 18. As shown in Figure 4, the base region 26 has a base region cross-section QB with a largely round outer contour AB. The nozzle base 14 encloses a substantially circular nozzle base cross-sectional area QBF.

[0087] The base body 12 has an outlet region 28 which starts from the solder outlet 18 and extends in the direction of the nozzle base 14. The outlet region 28 extends along the longitudinal axis L and has an outlet region cross-section QA which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis L and has an at least largely quadrangular outer contour AA; this is shown in detail in Figure 5. The solder outlet 18 encloses a substantially rectangular solder outlet region cross-sectional area QAF. As is also particularly clear from Figure 5, the nozzle base cross-sectional area QBF is larger than the solder outlet region cross-sectional area QAF.

[0088] The round outer contour AB has a radial distance RAB to the longitudinal axis L, wherein the radial distance RAB decreases from the nozzle base 14 to the outlet region 28. The radial distance RAB decreases in such a way that an outer surface 30 of the base region 26 is a concave truncated cone. The base region 20 has a radius of curvature KR. The base region 20 therefore forms a concave curved section 68 running around the longitudinal axis (L). The radius of curvature KR is arranged such that the outer surface 30 is largely parallel to the longitudinal axis L towards the outlet region 28, compare Figure 2.

[0089] The outer contour AA of the outlet region 28 forms an outer surface 32 along the longitudinal axis L and largely parallel to the longitudinal axis L. The outer surface 32 has corner regions 34 which can be rounded as in the 1st embodiment of Figures 1 to 5 or can be non-rounded as in the 4th embodiment of Figures 11 to 12. The corner regions 34 merge directly into the curvature of the outer surface of the adjoining region. The outer surface 13 of the soldering nozzle 10 is formed at least partially by the outer surface 30 of the base region 26 and the outer surface 32 of the outlet region 26.

[0090] The soldering nozzle 10 has a longitudinal extension LL along the longitudinal axis L between the nozzle base 14 and the solder outlet 18. The outlet region 28 has an outlet region length LA along the longitudinal axis L. The outlet region 28 preferably has a proportion of 10% to 40% of the total longitudinal extension LL. Particularly preferably, the outlet region length LA has a proportion of the longitudinal extension LL of 22% to 26% or of 30% to 34%.

[0091] The base body 12 has a transition region 36 adjacent to the outlet region 28 and extending into the base region 26. The transition region 36 has an outer contour AU that is at least partially different from the outer contour AB of the base region 26 and from the outer contour AA of the outlet region 28.

[0092] The transition region 36 has flat transition sections 38. The transition sections 38 form an angle WU with the longitudinal axis L and are inclined in the direction of the nozzle base 14. The angle WU is in the range of 15° to 30° and preferably in the range of 20° to 25° with respect to the longitudinal axis L. The transition sections 38 are V-shaped or U-shaped, with the V- or U-shaped edge merging into the base region 26.

[0093] The transition region 36 has a length LU along the longitudinal axis L, see Figure 2. The length LU preferably has a proportion of 1% to 20%, particularly preferably of 4% to 6% of the longitudinal extent LL of the soldering nozzle 10.

[0094] Between the transition sections 38 there is arranged a section 40 which is curved in accordance with the curvature KR of the base section 26.

[0095] 4, the solder inlet opening 16 is shown in the nozzle base 14. With the nozzle base 14, the soldering nozzle 10 can be arranged on a soldering device, which is not shown. In such a soldering device there is a solder pot with a solder bath made of liquid solder. The liquid solder can be pumped into the solder inlet opening by means of a pump. The soldering nozzle 10 can be flowed through with liquid solder through the solder channel 22, the solder flowing through the solder inlet opening 16 and exiting from the solder outlet opening 20. The solder inlet opening 16 has a quadrangular solder inlet cross-section QE, compare Figure 4. The solder inlet cross-section QE has a width BE running transversely to the longitudinal axis and a length LE running transversely to the width. The width BE and the length LE have a ratio in the range from 1 to 0.5 and preferably from 0.8 to 0.75.The solder entry cross-section QE has rounded corners with a radius RE in this embodiment in the range of 3 to 7 mm and preferably in the range of 5 mm.

[0096] The solder channel 22 is shown in detail in the sectional view from the side in Figure 3, but is also partially shown in Figures 1, 4 and 5 with a view into the soldering nozzle 10. The solder channel 22 has a first solder channel section 76, which adjoins the solder outlet 18 and has a first solder channel cross-section 42. The solder channel 22 has a second solder channel section 78, which adjoins the solder inlet opening 16 and has a second solder channel cross-section 44. The first solder channel cross-section 42 is smaller than the second solder channel cross-section 44. The second solder channel cross-section 44 is largely congruent with the solder inlet cross-section QE.

[0097] The solder channel 22 extends through the soldering nozzle 10 along the longitudinal axis L with the first solder channel cross-section 42 and the second solder channel cross-section 44 through the base region 26. The solder channel 22 extends through the transition region 36 and the outlet region 28 with only the first solder channel cross-section 42. The corner regions of the rectangular first solder channel cross-section 42 can be rounded. The area of ​​the first solder channel cross-section 42 forms a ratio with the area of ​​the second solder channel cross-section 44 in the range of 0.6 to 0.7, and preferably 0.63.

[0098] Figure 5 clearly shows that the solder outlet opening 20 is essentially rectangular. In this embodiment, the solder outlet opening 20 is square.

[0099] The solder outlet opening 20 is divided into several opening areas 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4 by the separating elements 24.

[0100] The separating elements 24 extend transversely to the longitudinal axis L and intersect at right angles in the region of the longitudinal axis L. The separating elements 24 each divide a length LO and a width BO of the solder outlet opening 20, which runs transversely thereto, in half. As a result, four opening regions 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4 are arranged in the solder outlet opening 20, and these opening regions 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4 are at least largely identical in design.

[0101] The separating elements 24 extend along the longitudinal axis L with a separating element length LT. The separating element length LT can be as long as the outlet region length LA. However, the separating element length LT is preferably shorter than the outlet region length LA, with the separating element length LT forming a ratio of the outlet region length LA in the range of 0.8.

[0102] In the following, a second embodiment of the soldering nozzle 10 will be explained with reference to Figures 6 to 9. The soldering nozzle continues to bear the reference number 10, whereby the previously explained and described features of Figures 1 to 5 also apply here. The same features also bear the previously used reference numbers. The second embodiment differs from the first.

[0103] This embodiment is characterized in that a first drainage 50 is provided in the form of four drainage openings 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4. The drainage openings 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4 each extend from the solder channel 22 to the outer surface 13 of the solder nozzle 10 along a drainage axis DA, which is shown in Figure 8. Figure 8 is a sectional side view according to Figure 7.

[0104] The drainage axis DA forms an angle WD with the longitudinal axis L. The angle WD is in the range of 45°.

[0105] The first drainage 50 is arranged in the at least one transition section 38 and partially in the base region 26 and / or partially in the outlet region 26.

[0106] The drainage openings 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4 each have an at least largely round drainage cross-section QD. The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the drainage openings 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4, together with the area of ​​the first solder channel cross-section 42, forms a ratio in the range of 0.15 to 0.35, preferably 0.25. The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the drainage openings 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4, together with the area of ​​the second solder channel cross-section 44, forms a ratio in the range of 0.05 to 0.25, preferably 0.15.

[0107] The sum of the cross-sectional areas of the drainage openings 50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4 and the sum of the areas of the opening areas 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4 of the solder outlet opening 20 form a ratio in the range of 0.3. In the following, a third

[0108] The embodiment of the soldering nozzle 10 will be explained. The soldering nozzle continues to bear the reference numeral 10, whereby the previously explained and described features of Figures 1 to 9 also apply here. The same features also bear the previously used reference numerals.

[0109] The third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in that, in addition to the first drainage 50, a second drainage 60 is provided in the region of the solder outlet 18. The second drainage 60 is provided in the form of four drainage openings 60.1, 60.2, 60.3, 60.4. The drainage openings 60.1, 60.2, 60.3, 60.4 each extend from one of the opening regions 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4 of the solder outlet opening 20 onto the outer surface 32 of the soldering nozzle 10. The drainage openings 60.1, 60.2, 60.3, 60.4 are each arranged at the corner regions 34 of the outlet region 28. The drainage openings 60.1, 60.2, 60.3, 60.4 are open at the top.

[0110] A fourth embodiment of the soldering nozzle 10 will be explained below with reference to Figures 11 and 12. The soldering nozzle continues to bear the reference numeral 10, whereby the previously explained and described features of Figures 1 to 10 also apply here. The same features also bear the previously used reference numerals.

[0111] The fourth embodiment of the soldering nozzle 10 differs from the first embodiment in that the

[0112] Opening areas 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4, and the corner areas 34 are pointed and not rounded. These features can also be applied to the second and third embodiments, but this is not shown.

[0113] A fifth embodiment of the soldering nozzle 10 will be explained below with reference to Figures 13 to 17. The soldering nozzle continues to bear the reference symbol 10, whereby the previously explained and described features of Figures 1 to 12 also apply here. The same features also bear the previously used reference symbols.

[0114] The fifth embodiment of the soldering nozzle 10 differs from the first embodiment in that the base region 26 comprises a base section 64 extending from the nozzle base 14 in the direction of the solder outlet 18.

[0115] The base section 64 comprises an outer contour AS with an outer surface 84 which runs predominantly parallel to the longitudinal axis L and is thus cylindrical with a largely rectangular base area.

[0116] The base section 64 has a base section length LS along the longitudinal axis L. The base section length LS preferably has a proportion of 5% to 30%, particularly preferably of 14% to 18%, of the total longitudinal extent LL of the soldering nozzle 10.

[0117] Furthermore, the base region 26 comprises a main section 66 which comprises an outer contour AH. The outer contour AH encloses a main section cross-sectional area QH which decreases along the longitudinal axis L in the direction of the solder outlet 18, see Figure 14. Preferably, the cross-sectional area QH decreases continuously along the longitudinal axis L. The main section 66 thus has at least partially the shape of a truncated cone without abrupt steps.

[0118] Preferably, the main section 66 comprises an upper main section 86 and a lower main section 88, in which the cross-section QH decreases to different degrees per unit length along the longitudinal axis L. The outer contour AH therefore has a different gradient or a different angle to the longitudinal axis L in the upper main section 86 and in the lower main section 88.

[0119] The main section 66 has a main section length LH along the longitudinal axis L. The main section length LH preferably has a proportion of 20% to 50%, particularly preferably of 34% to 38%, of the total longitudinal extent LL of the soldering nozzle 10.

[0120] The base region 26 of the soldering nozzle 10 of the fifth embodiment comprises, in addition to the base section 64 and the main section 66, two curved sections 68. The two curved sections 68 are arranged between the base section 64 and the main section 66. A first curved section 70 of the two curved sections 68 has a concave contour in longitudinal section. A second curved section 72 of the two curved sections 68 has a convex contour in longitudinal section. The outer contour of the two curved sections 68 is each rotationally symmetrical about the longitudinal axis L.

[0121] The concavely formed curved section 70 adjoins the main section 66. The convexly formed curved section 72 adjoins the base section 64.

[0122] The concavely shaped curvature section 70 has a radius of curvature KRA that is between 1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 13 mm and 16 mm. The convexly shaped curvature section 72 has a radius of curvature KRX that is between 1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 13 mm and 16 mm.

[0123] The radius of curvature KRA of the concavely formed bulge section 70 and the radius of curvature KRX of the convexly formed bulge section 72 form a ratio of 0.2 to 5, preferably of 0.8 to 1.2.

[0124] As can be seen in Figure 14, a connecting section 74 having an outer contour AV can be arranged between the two curved sections 70, 72. In longitudinal section, the outer contour AV runs along a straight line AVG, which encloses a connecting angle WV with the longitudinal axis (see Figure 15). The connecting angle WV is between 0° and 90°, preferably between 25° and 35°.

[0125] In addition to the first solder channel section 76 and the second solder channel section 78, the soldering nozzle 10 additionally comprises a third solder channel section 80. The third solder channel section 80 is arranged between the first solder channel section 76 and the second solder channel section 78 and has a third solder channel cross-section 82. The third solder channel cross-section 82 is larger than the first solder channel cross-section 42. The third solder channel cross-section 82 is smaller than the second solder channel cross-section 44. The solder channel 22 runs with the first solder channel cross-section 42, the second solder channel cross-section 44, and the third solder channel cross-section 78 in the base region 26. The solder channel 22 runs with the first solder channel cross-section 42 through the transition region 36 and the outlet region 28.

[0126] The solder inlet opening 16 has an at least largely round solder inlet cross-section QE, see Figure 16. Figure 13 clearly shows that the solder outlet opening 20 has a substantially round cross-section, which is divided into several opening areas 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4 by the separating elements 24. The inventive embodiments of the solder nozzle 10 reduce wear, improve the withdrawal behavior during selective soldering, and positively influence the formation of a solder wave for selective soldering.

Claims

Claims 1. A soldering nozzle (10) for selective soldering, comprising a base body (12) extending along a longitudinal axis (L), which has a nozzle base (14) with a solder inlet opening (16), with a solder outlet (18) for forming a solder wave, wherein the solder outlet (18) has a solder outlet opening (20), wherein the solder inlet opening (16) and the solder outlet opening (20) are spaced apart from one another and connected by a solder channel (22), wherein the base body (12) has a base region (26) extending from the nozzle base (14) and towards the solder outlet (18) and having a base region cross-section (QB) with an at least largely round outer contour (AB), wherein the nozzle base (14) encloses a nozzle base cross-sectional area (QBF),wherein the base body (12) has an outlet region (28) extending from the solder outlet (18) and in the direction of the nozzle base (14) to the base region (26) with an outlet region cross-section (QA) with an at least largely quadrangular outer contour (AA), and wherein the solder outlet (18) encloses a solder outlet region cross-sectional area (QAF), characterized in that the outer contour (AA) of the outlet region (28) forms an outer surface (32) which runs predominantly parallel to the longitudinal axis (L), and in that the nozzle base cross-sectional area (QBF) is larger than the solder outlet region cross-sectional area (QAF).

2. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 1 or according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that the base region (26) has at least one curved section (68, 70, 72) which runs around the longitudinal axis (L) and whose outer contour (AW) is concave and / or convex in longitudinal section.

3. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the round outer contour (AB) of the base region (26) has a radial distance (RAB) to the longitudinal axis (L), wherein the radial distance (RAB) starting from the nozzle base (14) to the reduced towards the outlet area (28).

4. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the soldering nozzle (10) has a longitudinal extension (LL) along the longitudinal axis (L) between the nozzle base (14) and the solder outlet (18), wherein an outlet region length (LA) of the outlet region (28) has a proportion of 10% to 40% and preferably a proportion of 22% to 26% or of 30% to 34% of the longitudinal extension (LL).

5. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base body (12) has a transition region (36) adjacent to the outlet region (28) and extending into the base region (26), wherein an outer contour of the transition region (36) is at least partially different from the outer contour (AB) of the base region (26) and the outer contour (AA) of the outlet region (28).

6. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the transition region (36) is predominantly flat Transition sections (38) forming an angle (WU) in range of 15° to 30° and preferably in the range of 20° to 25° to the longitudinal axis (L).

7. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that between the transition sections (38) there is arranged a section (40) which is curved in accordance with the curvature (KR) of the base section (26).

8. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the transition sections (38) are V-shaped or U-shaped.

9. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the length (LU) of the transition region (36) along the longitudinal axis (L) has a proportion of 1% to 20% and preferably a proportion of 4% to 6% of the longitudinal extent (LL) of the soldering nozzle (10).

10. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solder inlet opening (16) has a square or at least largely round solder inlet cross-section (QE).

11. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that the solder inlet cross-section (QE) has a width (BE) running transversely to the longitudinal axis (L) and a length (LE) running transversely to the width (BE), the width (BE) and length (LE) having a ratio in the range from 1 to 0.5 and preferably a ratio in the range from 0.8 to 0.75 to one another.

12. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solder channel (22) has a first solder channel section (76) which adjoins the solder outlet (18) and has a first solder channel cross-section (42), and in that the solder channel (22) has a second solder channel section (78) which adjoins the solder inlet opening (16) and has a second solder channel cross-section (44), wherein the first solder channel cross-section (42) is smaller than the second solder channel cross-section (44).

13. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that the solder channel (22) has a third solder channel section (80) which is arranged between the first solder channel section (76) and the second solder channel section (78) and has a third solder channel cross-section (82), wherein the third solder channel cross-section (82) is larger than the first solder channel cross-section (42), wherein the third solder channel cross-section (82) is smaller than the second solder channel cross-section (44).

14. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the solder channel (22) with the first solder channel cross-section (42) and the second solder channel cross-section (44) runs in the base region (26) and the solder channel (22) in the transition region (36) and in the outlet region (28) with the first solder channel cross-section (42), or that the solder channel (22) with the first solder channel cross-section (42), the second solder channel cross-section (44) and the third solder channel cross-section (82) runs in the base region (26) and the solder channel (22) in the transition region (36) and in the Outlet area (28) with the first solder channel cross-section (42).

15. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solder outlet opening (20) is substantially square.

16. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that separating elements (24) are provided in the solder outlet opening (20), wherein the separating elements (24) divide the solder outlet opening (20) into a plurality of opening regions (20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 20.4).

17. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one first drainage (50) from the solder channel (22) is provided, wherein the first drainage (50) is provided in the form of at least one drainage opening (50.1, 50.2, 50.3, 50.4) which extends along a drainage axis (DA).

18. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 17, characterized in that the first drainage (50) is arranged in the at least one transition section (38).

19. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of claims 17 or 18, characterized in that at least one second drainage (60) is arranged at the solder outlet opening (20), wherein the second drainage is arranged in at least one corner region (34) of the outlet region (28).

20. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that within the base region (26) at least two curved sections (70, 72) running around the longitudinal axis (L) are provided with a longitudinal section concave and / or convex outer contour (AW) are provided, wherein at least one of the curvature sections (70) is concave and at least one of the curvature sections (72) is convex.

21. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base region (26) comprises a base section (64) extending from the nozzle base (14) in the direction of the solder outlet (18), wherein the base section (64) comprises an outer contour (AS) with an outer surface (84), wherein the Outer surface (84) runs predominantly parallel to the longitudinal axis (L).

22. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the base region (26) comprises a main section (66) extending from the outlet region (28) in the direction of the nozzle base (14), wherein the main section (66) comprises an outer contour (AH) which encloses a main section cross-sectional area (QH), wherein the main section cross-sectional area (QH) decreases in the direction of the solder outlet (18) along the longitudinal axis (L).

23. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claims 21 and 22, characterized in that between the main section (66) and the base section (64) at least one curved section (68) extending around the longitudinal axis (L) and having an outer contour (AW) which is concave and / or convex in longitudinal section is arranged.

24. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 23, characterized in that at least two curved sections (70, 72) are arranged between the main section (66) and the base section (64), wherein at least one of the curved sections (70) is concave and at least one of the curved sections (72) is convex.

25. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 24, characterized in that the at least one concavely formed curvature section (70) adjoins the main section, and that the at least one convexly formed curvature section (72) adjoins the base section.

26. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 25, characterized in that a radius of curvature (KRA) of the concavely formed bulge section (70) is between 1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 13 mm and 16 mm, and that a radius of curvature (KRX) of the convexly formed bulge section (72) is between 1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 13 mm and 16 mm.

27. Soldering nozzle according to claim 25, characterized in that the radius of curvature (KRA) and the radius of curvature (KRX) form a ratio of 0.2 to 5, preferably of 0.8 to 1.

2.

28. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of claims 24 to 27, characterized in that between the at least two curved sections (68) at least one connecting section (74) with an outer contour (AV) is arranged, wherein the outer contour (AV) runs in longitudinal section along a straight line (AVG) which encloses a connecting angle (WV) with the longitudinal axis (L).

29. Soldering nozzle (10) according to claim 28, characterized in that the connection angle (WV) is between 0° and 90°, preferably between 25 and 35°.

30. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of claims 21 to 29, characterized in that a base section length (LS) of the base section (64) has a proportion of 5% to 30% and preferably a proportion of 14% to 18% of the longitudinal extent (LL) of the soldering nozzle (10).

31. Soldering nozzle (10) according to one of claims 22 to 30, characterized in that a main section length (LH) of the main section (66) has a proportion of 20% to 50% and preferably a proportion of 34% to 38% of the longitudinal extent (LL) of the soldering nozzle (10).

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