Single-phase stabilizer for an ac / dc electrical grid

Abstract

The invention relates to electrical engineering and can be used as a device for: protecting the electrical circuits of any sources of alternating / direct current where the input voltages are significantly greater than the output voltages; ensuring the expected level of operability of equipment powered by any sources of alternating / direct current when the input voltages are significantly lower than permissible levels; and completely eliminating reactive components of an electrical grid. The aims of the invention are: to achieve high capacities without significantly increasing size and weight parameters; to increase efficiency and reliability; to reduce dimensions and weight; and to provide for smooth start-up. The invention includes: a block comprising a power portion and a sine wave generator; a control block for a power factor corrector with current protection; a microcontroller block; a block for output voltage protection and smooth start-up.

Description

[0001] SINGLE-PHASE STABILIZER FOR AC AND DC ELECTRIC NETWORKS

[0002] The invention "single-phase stabilizer for AC and DC power grids" (hereinafter referred to as the OSPPT Invention) is an inverter device, relates to electrical engineering and can be used as a device:

[0003] - protection of electrical circuits from overload currents and short circuits in primary (various generators) and secondary AC or DC power sources in a single-phase network, operating at input voltages significantly higher than output voltages, when it is necessary to ensure reliability, speed of response and high efficiency;

[0004] - ensuring the operability of any equipment, as declared by the manufacturer, powered by various power sources (traditional, alternative) of alternating or direct current in a single-phase network, at input voltages significantly lower than the maximum permissible ones;

[0005] - completely eliminating reactive components (leading to loss of power and equipment breakdowns) in the electrical network; after their elimination, the efficiency of the connected equipment increases.

[0006] Of the known technical solutions, the closest to the Invention of the OSPPT, that is, the prototype, is the inverter stabilizer, which was also developed by the author (Gadzhiomarov R.G.): Eurasian patent number - 042322, registration date in the register - 02.02.2023 (hereinafter -

[0007] Invention No. 042322). Detailed information about Invention No. 042322 is provided in the description files on the official website of the Eurasian Patent Organization at the link: https: / / old.eapo.org / ru / patents / reestr / patent.php7idM2322.

[0008] Invention No. 042322 has a block structure: an input block of a high-frequency network filter; a power factor corrector (PFC) block; a 15-volt pulse power supply (UPS); a microcontroller block; a pulse-width modulation (PWM) block; an output block of a high-frequency filter.

[0009] The main disadvantages of Invention No. 042322 (prototype) are: 1) the device circuit does not allow achieving high power values ​​without a significant increase in the weight and size of the main elements; 2) the presence of a diode bridge in the device circuit, which reduces the efficiency; 3) the absence of input protective circuits of a varistor and thermistor from overvoltage; 4) the use of IGBT transistors, which fail at high PWM frequencies, and also lead to an increase in the dimensions and weight of the stabilizer due to the need to use bulky alsifer rings; 5) there is no soft start relay for the input part.

[0010] The inventory stabilizer RESANTA ASN-6000 / 1-I is known, which has a structure consisting of blocks: a network filter, a cash register, a capacitor storage, an inverter and general control using a microcontroller. The detailed composition of these blocks and their connections are classified by the manufacturer and this information is not available in open sources (https: / / resantarussia.ru / stabilizator-naprjazhemja-resanta-asn-6000-li).

[0011] The main disadvantages of RESANTA ASN-6000 / 1-I are: 1) inoperability when the input network frequency changes; 2) the stabilizer switches off when the input network voltage is below 90 volts or above 260 volts; 3) the device does not function from the input DC voltage; 4) the stabilizer cannot operate from alternative energy sources; 5) there is no function for complete elimination of reactive components in the electrical network; 6) the device circuit does not allow achieving high power values ​​without a significant increase in the weight and size indicators of the main elements; 7) the design does not provide smooth switching on of the input and output parts.

[0012] Also, of the known technical solutions, the closest to the Invention of the OSPPT are inverter stabilizers of the "SHTIL" trademark, which have a structure consisting of blocks: a network filter, a cash register, a capacitor storage, an inverter and general control using a microcontroller block. The detailed composition of these blocks and their connections are classified by the manufacturer and this information is not available in open sources (https : / / www. shtyl .ш / catalog / stabilizatory- napry azheniy a / invertomy e / ).

[0013] The main disadvantages of the "Shtil" devices are: 1) inoperability when the input network frequency changes; 2) the stabilizer switches off when the input network voltage is below 90 volts or above 260 volts; 3) the device does not function from the input DC voltage; 4) the stabilizer cannot operate from alternative energy sources; 5) there is no function for complete elimination of reactive components in the electrical network; 6) the device circuit does not allow achieving high power values ​​without a significant increase in the weight and size of the main elements; 7) the design does not provide smooth switching on of the input and output parts.

[0014] The objectives of the Invention OSPPT are both to preserve and improve the positive characteristics already achieved in Invention No. 042322 (stable voltage stabilization in a single-phase network; providing a pure sine wave to the consumer from the input alternating voltage of any frequency in the range from 30 to 310 volts and from the input direct voltage in the range from 50 to 450 volts; complete elimination of reactive currents and harmonic distortions), and to achieve new ones, such as: 1) achieving higher power values ​​\u200b\u200bwithout a significant increase in the weight and size indicators of the main elements - up to 30 kilowatts and higher for a single-phase network; 2) increasing the efficiency factor to 98% by eliminating the diode bridge from the device circuit; 3) increasing reliability by embedding input protective circuits of a varistor and a thermistor from overvoltage; 4) reducing the dimensions and weight of the stabilizer by excluding IGBT transistors from the circuit; 5) ensuring a smooth start of the input part.

[0015] To solve the set problem, the OS1P1T invention is designed in the following form, i.e. it includes: a power section unit and a 220 volt sine wave former, which consists of six or more power SIS transistors, two different inductances, a current ring, two high-speed high-voltage high-frequency diodes, capacitors-formers of a pure 220 volt sine wave; a PFC control unit with current protection, which consists of a current-to-voltage converter, a high-speed comparator, a PFC microcircuit and a control driver; a microcontroller unit, which consists of a programmable chip, drivers for pumping up the power output transistors of the 220 volt inverter, a temperature control circuit, power SIS transistors, chains of protective resistors and diodes, an alsifer (or sendast) with an inductance of 2.7 millihenries, a voltage tracking comparator and a 15 volt supply;output voltage protection and soft start unit, which consists of a comparator, a soft start microcircuit, a switching relay with a current sensor, a current ring, and a current-to-voltage converter.;

[0016] Due to the fact that the detailed composition of the analogue (prototype) is known - Invention No. 042322, the formula of the proposed Invention OSPPT can be constructed with division into the known and distinctive parts. However, the essence of the Invention OSPPT is that the device includes only distinctive parts: a power section unit and a 220 volt sine wave former, which consists of six or more power SIS transistors, two different inductors, a current ring, two high-speed high-voltage high-frequency diodes, 220 volt pure sine wave former capacitors; a PFC control unit with current protection, which consists of a current-to-voltage converter, a high-speed comparator, a PFC microcircuit and a control driver;a microcontroller unit, which consists of a programmable chip, drivers for driving the 220-volt inverter power output transistors, a temperature control circuit, power SIS transistors, protective resistor and diode chains, an alsifer (or sendast) with an inductance of 2.7 millihenries, a voltage tracking comparator and a 15-volt supply; an output voltage protection and soft start unit, which consists of a comparator, a soft start microcircuit, a switching relay with a current sensor, a current ring, and a current-to-voltage converter. In general, the circuit of the Invention OSPPT consists of four blocks, unlike the analogue (Invention No. 042322), which consists of six.

[0017] The first new feature of the proposed invention, which is a power section block and a 220 volt sine wave former, which consists of six or more power SIS transistors, two different inductors, a current ring, two high-speed high-voltage high-frequency diodes, capacitors-formers of a pure 220 volt sine wave, allows the proposed technical solution to demonstrate new properties, consisting in a decrease in the weight and size indicators of the electronic circuit diagram, an increase in reliability, protective qualities and efficiency up to 98%. The second new feature of the proposed invention, which is a control unit of the PFC with current protection, which consists of a current-to-voltage converter, a high-speed comparator, a PFC microcircuit and a control driver, allows the proposed technical solution to increase the protective qualities of the PFC from voltage drops and current overloads, maintaining the cosine φ up to a value of 99.9%.The third new feature of the proposed invention, which is a microcontroller unit, which consists of a programmable chip, drivers for pumping up the power output transistors of the 220 volt inverter, a temperature control circuit, power SIS transistors, chains of protective resistors and diodes, an alsifer (or sendast) with an inductance of 2.7 millihenry, a voltage tracking comparator and a 15 volt supply, allows the proposed technical solution to obtain high output power with insignificant weight and size indicators, smoothly forming an output voltage from 0 to 220 volts.The fourth new feature of the proposed invention, which is an output voltage protection and soft start unit, which consists of a comparator, a soft start microcircuit, a switching relay with a current sensor, a current ring, a current-to-voltage converter, ensures safe soft start of the input part and switching on of the 220 volt high-voltage line with current and voltage monitoring.

[0018] The specified new features and properties of the proposed invention are absent in known technical solutions and allow the proposed technical solution to demonstrate efficiency, consisting in achieving higher power values ​​without a significant increase in the mass and size indicators of the main elements - up to 30 kilowatts and higher for a single-phase network; increasing the efficiency factor to 98%; increasing the level of reliability; reducing the dimensions and weight of the stabilizer; ensuring a smooth start of the input part.

[0019] The above allows us to assert that the proposed technical solution meets the invention criteria of “novelty” and “inventive step”.

[0020] Figure 1 shows the general schematic diagram with the designation of individual blocks of the proposed Invention OSPPT: A - power section block and 220 volt sine wave generator; B - control block of the cash register machine with current protection; C - microcontroller block; D - output voltage protection and soft start block.

[0021] Block A "Power section and 220 volt sine wave former" (Figure 2) contains the following parts: six or more power SIS transistors, two different inductors, a current ring, two high-speed high-voltage high-frequency diodes, capacitors-formers of a pure 220 volt sine wave. Block B "PFC control with current protection" (Figure 3) contains the following parts: a current-to-voltage converter, a high-speed comparator, a PFC microcircuit and a control driver. Block B "Microcontroller" (Figure 4) contains the following parts: a programmable chip, a driver for driving the power output transistors of the 220-volt inverter, a temperature control circuit, power SIS transistors, protective resistors and diodes, an alsifer (or sendast) with an inductance of 2.7 millihenries, a voltage tracking comparator, and a 15-volt power supply.Block G “Output voltage protection and soft start” (Figure 5) contains the following parts: comparator, soft start microcircuit, switching relay, current sensor, current ring, current-to-voltage converter.

[0022] The proposed voltage stabilizer (OSPPT invention) operates as follows.

[0023] When connecting the power supply to the network, the voltage is supplied through two power transistors from block A to blocks B and G, where the 300-volt peak voltage of the network is supplied to the storage capacitor C5, monitored by blocks B and G, in which the PFC microcircuit is switched on and the voltage on the capacitor C5 increases to 380 volts. Block G starts the relay of block B, where the 15-volt power source switches on the microcontroller and starts the stabilizer circuit. At the output of block A, a sinusoidal voltage of 220 volts with a frequency of 50 Hz is formed. In the presence of a reactive current on the low-frequency keys of 50 Hz (block A), in one half-period the voltage is rectified by the internal diodes of the SIS transistors and smoothed by the capacitor C5. Then, in the second half-period, the reactive voltage goes into the active phase and is used for its intended purpose. When connecting any power sources with pulse voltage, constant voltage (solar panels, wind generators, diesel and gasoline generators, storage batteries, etc.), unstable operating frequency, wide input frequency range from 5 Hz to 200 kilohertz, - the device also operates stably and produces a stable output voltage of 220 volts with a frequency of 50 Hz due to the fact that high-frequency high-voltage SIS transistors with internal high-frequency diodes and separate pairs of other high-frequency diodes are installed in block A.

[0024] The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed invention, compared to the prototype inverter stabilizer, consists in the fact that higher power values ​​are achieved without a significant increase in the weight and size indicators of the main elements - up to 30 kilowatts and higher for a single-phase network; the efficiency factor is increased to 98% due to the elimination of the diode bridge from the device circuit; reliability is increased by embedding input protective circuits of a varistor and a thermistor from overvoltage; the dimensions and weight of the stabilizer are reduced by excluding IGBT transistors from the circuit; a smooth start of the input part is ensured.

Claims

CLAUSE OF THE INVENTION Single-phase stabilizer for AC and DC power grids, including a power section unit and a 220-volt sine wave former, which consists of six or more power SIS transistors, two different inductors, a current ring, two high-speed high-voltage high-frequency diodes, capacitors-formers of a pure sine wave of 220 volts and is connected to a control unit of a power factor corrector with current protection and a microcontroller unit; a control unit of a power factor corrector with current protection, which consists of a current-to-voltage converter, a high-speed comparator, a power factor corrector microcircuit and a control driver and is connected to a power section unit and a 220-volt sine wave former and a microcontroller unit;a microcontroller unit consisting of a programmable chip, drivers for driving the 220-volt inverter power output transistors, a temperature control circuit, power SIS transistors, chains of protective resistors and diodes, an alsifer / sendast with an inductance of 2.7 millihenries, a voltage tracking comparator and 15-volt power supply and is connected to the power section unit and a 220-volt sine wave former, to the control unit of the power factor corrector with current protection and to the output voltage protection and soft start unit; an output voltage protection and soft start unit consisting of a comparator, a soft start microcircuit, a switch-on relay with a current sensor, a current ring, a current-to-voltage converter and is connected to the microcontroller unit.;

Images