Phase shifter and antenna apparatus

Abstract

A phase shifter and an antenna apparatus, which belong to the technical field of communications. The phase shifter comprises: a first substrate; a second substrate, which is disposed opposite the first substrate; a liquid crystal, which is located between the first substrate and the second substrate; and a transmission line, which is located on the side of the first substrate or the second substrate close to the liquid crystal, and comprises a second transmission line and first transmission lines connected to both ends of the second transmission line, wherein each first transmission line is of a fence structure, and the second transmission line is of a capacitor structure.

Description

Phase shifter and antenna device Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a phase shifter and an antenna device. Background Art

[0002] The rapid development of the communications field has led to a growing demand for faster and more reliable wireless communication systems for communication instruments, radars, and sensors, posing unprecedented challenges to microwave and millimeter wave engineering research. In some communication transmission systems, such as antenna systems, signals are phase-shifted by phase shifters before being radiated. As the signal passes through the phase shifters, components of different frequencies experience different time delays in the time domain, affecting the accuracy of the transmitted signal.

[0003] Overview

[0004] Based on the background technology, the present disclosure proposes a phase shifter and an antenna device.

[0005] A phase shifter is provided, comprising:

[0006] a first substrate;

[0007] a second substrate, disposed opposite to the first substrate;

[0008] liquid crystal, located between the first substrate and the second substrate; and

[0009] a transmission line, located on a side of the first substrate or the second substrate close to the liquid crystal, comprising a second transmission line and a first transmission line connected to both ends of the second transmission line;

[0010] The first transmission line is a fence structure, and the second transmission line is a capacitor structure.

[0011] Exemplarily, the second transmission line includes:

[0012] a first sub-transmission line connected to one of the two first transmission lines;

[0013] a second sub-transmission line connected to the other of the two first transmission lines;

[0014] The first sub-transmission line and the second sub-transmission line are both connected to a plurality of comb teeth, the plurality of comb teeth connected to the first sub-transmission line are meshed with the plurality of comb teeth connected to the second sub-transmission line, and there are gaps between the plurality of comb teeth.

[0015] Exemplarily, the extension length of the comb teeth is λ / 8 to λ / 2, and the line width of the comb teeth is λ / 15 to λ / 5; wherein λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency of the signal.

[0016] Exemplarily, the shape of the comb teeth connected to the first sub-transmission line is the same as the shape of the comb teeth connected to the second sub-transmission line.

[0017] Exemplarily, the shape of the comb teeth includes at least one of a bar shape, a sawtooth shape, a wave shape, and a continuous "X" shape.

[0018] Exemplarily, the shape of the comb teeth is sawtooth; wherein,

[0019] The first teeth of the comb connected to the first sub-transmission line and the second teeth of the comb connected to the second sub-transmission line are oriented in the same direction; or, the first teeth face the second teeth and the second teeth face the first teeth.

[0020] Exemplarily, the meshing gap between two adjacent comb teeth is λ / 15 to λ / 5, where λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency of the signal;

[0021] Among them, one of the two adjacent comb teeth belongs to the first sub-transmission line, and the other comb tooth belongs to the second sub-transmission line.

[0022] Exemplarily, the second transmission line includes:

[0023] a third sub-transmission line connected to the first transmission line in one of the two transmission areas; and

[0024] a fourth sub-transmission line connected to the first transmission line in another transmission area of ​​the two transmission areas;

[0025] Wherein, there is a gap between the third sub-transmission line and the fourth sub-transmission line.

[0026] Exemplarily, the third sub-transmission line is in a closed shape, and has a stepped first side facing the fourth sub-transmission line; and

[0027] The fourth sub-transmission line is in a closed shape, and has a stepped second side facing the third sub-transmission line;

[0028] The first side and the second side are meshed with each other.

[0029] Exemplarily, the gap is orthogonal to the extension direction of the first transmission line, and in the extension direction of the first transmission line, the size of the third sub-transmission line is larger than the size of the fourth sub-transmission line.

[0030] Exemplarily, the two first transmission lines are symmetrically distributed at two ends of the second transmission line.

[0031] Exemplarily, the first transmission line includes a main transmission line extending toward the second transmission line, and a plurality of transmission line branches connected to the main transmission line;

[0032] The extension direction of the transmission line branches is orthogonal to the extension direction of the main transmission line, and a plurality of the transmission line branches are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main transmission line.

[0033] Exemplarily, in a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the main transmission line, the first dimensions of the plurality of transmission line branches are not completely the same.

[0034] Exemplarily, in an extension direction of the main transmission line toward the second transmission line, the plurality of transmission line branches are arranged in order from large to small or from small to large according to the first size.

[0035] Exemplarily, in the extension direction of the main transmission line, the second sizes of the plurality of transmission line branches are not completely the same.

[0036] Exemplarily, in a direction orthogonal to the extension direction of the main transmission line, a first dimension of the transmission line branch is λ / 4-λ / 2;

[0037] In the extension direction of the main transmission line, the second dimension of the transmission line branch is λ / 4-λ / 2; wherein λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency point of the signal.

[0038] Exemplarily, the plurality of transmission line branches are in a periodic structure.

[0039] Exemplarily, the arrangement of the plurality of transmission line branches includes at least one of a cross arrangement and an equal periodic arrangement.

[0040] Exemplarily, the transmission line is a microstrip line or a stripline.

[0041] An antenna device is also provided, which includes the phase shifter described in any example, and a feeding structure and a radiation structure respectively coupled to the phase shifter.

[0042] The phase shifter proposed in the present disclosure includes two substrates arranged opposite to each other, a liquid crystal located between the substrates, and a transmission line located on the side of the substrate close to the liquid crystal, wherein the transmission line includes a second transmission line and a first transmission line connected to both ends of the second transmission line, wherein the first transmission line is a fence structure and the second transmission line is configured as a capacitor structure.

[0043] Because the first transmission line has a fence structure, it can continuously impedance modulate the transmitted signal, and the second transmission line can couple the input signal and the signal reflected back during the transmission process of the input signal, thereby achieving a linear group delay frequency response of the reflected signal. Therefore, through these two structures, the group delay of the signal in each frequency band can be reduced, thereby improving the fidelity of the transmitted signal, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the signal output by the phase shifter.

[0044] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present disclosure. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present disclosure, it can be implemented in accordance with the contents of the specification. In order to make the above and other purposes, features and advantages of the present disclosure more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present disclosure are listed below.

[0045] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or related technologies, the following is a brief introduction to the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or related technologies. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without inventive efforts. It should be noted that the scales in the drawings are for illustration only and do not represent the actual scale.

[0047] FIG1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] FIG2 is a schematic top plan view of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG3 shows a top plan view of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] FIG4 shows a top plan view of yet another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] FIG5 is a schematic top plan view of another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] 6a-6d are schematic top plan views of four phase shifters according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0053] FIG7 shows a top plan view of yet another phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] 8a-8d are schematic top plan views of four different second transmission lines according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0055] FIG9 shows an enlarged schematic diagram of the dotted circle in FIG7 ;

[0056] FIG10a and FIG10b are schematic top plan views of a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] FIG11 exemplarily shows a cross-sectional structural diagram of a phase shifter A in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] FIG12 is a schematic diagram showing the S21 phase of the simulated phase shifter A under different dielectric constants;

[0059] FIG13 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of performing an S parameter test on the phase shifter A shown in FIG11 ;

[0060] FIG14 shows group delay response curves when the phase shifter A shown in FIG11 is subjected to phase shifts of different frequencies.

[0061] Detailed description

[0062] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present disclosure more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present disclosure, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present disclosure without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0063] In communication transmission systems, such as antenna systems, when an analog signal passes through a traditional phase shifter, signal components of different frequencies will be subject to different time delays in the time domain, causing the transmitted signal to be broadened, increasing the bit error rate, and causing the transmitted signal to be distorted, thereby limiting the communication capacity and transmission distance.

[0064] In view of this, the inventors have proposed a phase shifter that can improve the group delay of signals in various frequency bands. The inventors have made a new design for the pattern of the phase shifter's transmission line. Specifically, based on the principle of chirp modulation, the transmission line can be designed as a fence structure to modulate the residence time of signals of different frequencies within the phase shifter. This modulation can be called chirp modulation of the transmitted signal. This chirp modulation can make the delay duration of signals of different frequencies tend to be consistent, thereby improving the dispersion of the phase shifter and reducing the group delay. When the group delay is reduced, the fidelity of the output signal is improved, thereby obtaining a more accurate signal.

[0065] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, Figure 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the phase shifter proposed in the present disclosure, and Figure 2 shows a schematic top plan view of the phase shifter proposed in the present disclosure. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, the phase shifter may include a first substrate 1 and a second substrate 2 arranged opposite to each other, and a liquid crystal 3 located between the first substrate 1 and the second substrate 2.

[0066] It also includes a transmission line 10, which is located on the side of the first substrate or the second substrate close to the liquid crystal, and includes a second transmission line 12 and a first transmission line 11 connected to both ends of the second transmission line; wherein the first transmission line 11 is a fence structure, and the second transmission line 12 is a capacitor structure.

[0067] As shown in FIG2 , the area where the two first transmission lines are located can be called a transmission area 101, and the area where the second transmission line is located can be called a coupling area 102. One transmission area can be used as a transmission area for output signals, and the other transmission area can be used as a transmission area for input signals. In this way, the transmission line can be a dual-port device, with one side of the entire transmission line being an input port for feeding the output signal into the phase shifter, and the other side being an output port for outputting the signal after the phase shifter has modulated the phase. For example, as shown in FIG2 , the left port of the transmission line can be used as an input port for receiving signals, and the right port can be used as an output port for outputting signals. When the input signal inputted by the input port is transmitted on the transmission line, it will be affected by the deflection of the liquid crystal molecules, thereby changing the phase of the transmitted signal to achieve the purpose of phase modulation. The output signal after the phase modulation of the liquid crystal molecules can be outputted through the output port.

[0068] In this example, the first transmission line has a fence structure. Specifically, in a target direction orthogonal to the direction from the transmission region toward the coupling region, the first transmission line is configured as a wide and narrow structure, so that it is called a fence structure, wherein the target direction is the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 2. As a result, the first transmission line has multiple transmission branches in the wide area, so that the first transmission line has performance similar to that of a Bragg grating, so that it constitutes continuous impedance modulation of the signal. As a result, the transmission speeds of signals of different frequencies are modulated through the first transmission line, so that the transmission rates of signals of different frequencies tend to be consistent, thereby improving the dispersion characteristics of the phase shifter, that is, the delay time of signals of different frequencies can be unified, thereby ensuring that the signal is not broadened or distorted.

[0069] Among them, the part of the first transmission line that widens in the target direction can be called the transmission branch of the first transmission line. Therefore, the first transmission line can include multiple transmission branches, the sizes of the multiple transmission branches can be consistent, and the spacing can be equal; of course, in some examples, the sizes of the multiple transmission branches may not be exactly the same, and the spacing may not be equal. In some examples, the multiple transmission branches can make the first transmission line as a whole exhibit the characteristics of plasma, so that the constructed artificial surface plasmon can obtain surface plasmons similar to those in the optical band in the microwave or millimeter wave band, thereby making it have slow wave characteristics, so that chirp modulation of signals of different frequencies can be achieved. In practice, the dispersion characteristics of the transmission line for signal transmission can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the transmission branch, and a phase shifter with group delay response requirements can be designed.

[0070] The second transmission line is configured as a capacitor structure that can be used for signal coupling. Specifically, it can couple signals in the forward quasi-TEM propagation mode and signals in the reverse quasi-TEM propagation mode, thereby causing the instantaneous frequency of the signals to rise or fall over time in the time domain. The forward quasi-TEM mode refers to the transmission direction of the input signal, and the reverse quasi-TEM mode refers to the signal reflected during the transmission process. Therefore, a linear group delay frequency response of the reflected signal can be achieved through the second transmission line. Combined with the dispersion modulation of the first transmission line, the transmission line can chirp the delay length of signals of different frequencies. For example, the delay of signals of different frequencies can be modulated, so that the instantaneous frequency of a frequency signal with a larger delay is increased and the transmission rate is increased, thereby reducing the delay of the frequency signal, and the instantaneous frequency of a frequency signal with a shorter delay is reduced and the transmission rate is slowed, thereby extending the delay of the frequency signal.

[0071] By adopting the transmission line setting disclosed in the present invention, the first transmission line and the second transmission line can affect the phase shift constant of the phase shifter, thereby making the phase velocity change of signals of different frequencies smoother, reducing the group delay of signals of different frequency bands, ensuring that the signal is not distorted, and thus improving the accuracy of signal transmission.

[0072] As shown in FIG1 , in one example, the phase shifter may further include a metal floor layer 4, so that a transmission line may be provided on the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal, and a metal floor layer may be provided on the side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal; or, a metal floor layer may be provided on the side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal, and a transmission line may be provided on the side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal.

[0073] In some other examples, the phase shifter may further include a feed line, which may be disposed on a side of the first substrate or the second substrate close to the liquid crystal, for providing a bias voltage to the liquid crystal, thereby changing the polarization angle of the liquid crystal. When the polarization angle changes, the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal is different, and under different node constants, the phase of the signal transmitted by the transmission line may be shifted to different degrees.

[0074] In other examples, the transmission line can be a microstrip line or a stripline. In the case of a stripline, the structure of the substrate on which the transmission line is located can be designed accordingly, which will not be described in detail here. Among them, the microstrip line has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, and ease of manufacturing. The characteristic impedance of the microstrip line changes with the change of the line diameter and dielectric constant. The change of its characteristic impedance can be achieved by adjusting the width of the microstrip line, the thickness of the board, or the dielectric constant. The microstrip line also has a higher characteristic impedance and transmission rate, and can eliminate the magnetic field interference generated between the lines.

[0075] Among them, the characteristic impedance of the stripline changes less and has stronger anti-interference ability, and is often used in the design of high-density circuit boards.

[0076] In one embodiment of this example, the structural design of the first transmission line is introduced as follows:

[0077] The first transmission line may include a main transmission line 111 extending toward the second transmission line, and a plurality of transmission line branches 112 connected to the main transmission line; wherein the extension direction of the transmission line branches is orthogonal to the extension direction of the main transmission line, and the plurality of transmission line branches are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main transmission line.

[0078] Referring to FIG3 , a top plan view of another phase shifter is shown. As shown in FIG3 , the first transmission line extends toward the second transmission line in the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG3 , meaning that the first transmission line extends toward the coupling region. In this example, the size of the main transmission line in the target direction is smaller than the size of the transmission line branches in the target direction, and the size of the main transmission line in the target direction can be larger than the size of the transmission line branches in the extension direction. Thus, the thickness of the multiple transmission line branches can be smaller than that of the main transmission line, meaning that the main transmission line can be thicker while the transmission line branches can be thinner. The target direction is a direction orthogonal to the extension direction.

[0079] The number of transmission line branches can include at least two, and the number of transmission line branches is not limited. The number of transmission line branches connected to the two first transmission lines can be the same or different. For the two first transmission lines, the transmission line branches connected to the two first transmission lines are arranged at equal intervals. The spacing between the transmission line branches on one first transmission line can be the same as the spacing between the transmission line branches on the other first transmission line. Of course, in one case, the spacing can also be different.

[0080] The spacing between the transmission line branches may be λ / 4-λ / 3, which may be smaller than the first size of the transmission line branches.

[0081] In some examples, for the same first transmission line, the sizes of multiple transmission line branches can be the same, such as the sizes of the multiple transmission line branches in the target direction and the extension direction are consistent, so that the thickness and extension length of the multiple transmission line branches are consistent.

[0082] In some examples, the shapes of the first transmission lines on both sides of the second transmission line may be the same or different. In the same case, the two first transmission lines may be symmetrically distributed on both sides of the second transmission line or asymmetrically distributed on both sides of the second transmission line.

[0083] As shown in FIG3 , the two first transmission lines may have the same shape and size and be symmetrically distributed at both ends of the second transmission line. This can improve the structural plasma characteristics of the first transmission line and optimize its slow-wave characteristics for signal transmission, thereby improving the effect of reducing group delay.

[0084] 4 , a top plan view schematic diagram of another phase shifter is shown. As shown in FIG4 , the shapes of the first transmission lines at both ends of the second transmission line are different, mainly manifested in the different arrangements of the transmission line branches. This allows the reflected signal of the output signal and the input signal to be modulated to different degrees, thereby exhibiting lower dispersion.

[0085] In some examples, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, the size of the transmission line branch can be designed as follows: in a direction orthogonal to the extension direction of the main transmission line, the first size of the transmission line branch is λ / 4-λ / 2, and in the extension direction of the main transmission line, the second size of the transmission line branch is λ / 4-λ / 2; wherein, λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency of the signal.

[0086] Specifically, the first dimension of the transmission line stub can be referred to as the length of the transmission line stub, which can be λ / 4 or λ / 2, or any value between λ / 4 and λ / 2, such as λ / 3. The second dimension of the transmission line stub can be referred to as the linewidth of the transmission line stub, which can also be λ / 4 or λ / 2, or any value between λ / 4 and λ / 2. Of course, the first dimension can be greater than the second dimension, that is, the length of the transmission line stub can be greater than the linewidth.

[0087] In one embodiment of this example, for a single first transmission line, multiple transmission line branches can have the same length, that is, different transmission line branches can have the same length in their extension direction, thereby forming a uniform structure of multiple transmission line branches. Furthermore, the spacing between multiple transmission line branches can be consistent, thereby forming a structure with equal periodicity.

[0088] In one embodiment of this example, in the same first transmission line, the lengths of multiple transmission line branches in their extension direction may also be different. As shown in FIG4 , in a direction orthogonal to the extension direction of the main transmission line, the first dimensions of the multiple transmission line branches are different.

[0089] In this embodiment, "not identical" may include: different transmission line branches having different first sizes, i.e., different lengths of each transmission line branch; and some transmission line branches having the same length, while others having different lengths. In practice, during structural design, multiple transmission line branches may be designed such that different transmission line branches have different first sizes, or such that some transmission line branches have the same length, while others have different lengths. This is not limited here.

[0090] Regardless of the design, continuous impedance modulation of the transmitted signal can be achieved, so that the residence time of signals of different frequencies on the transmission line can be chirped and modulated, thereby improving dispersion.

[0091] In one embodiment of this example, for the same first transmission line, the line widths of the multiple transmission line branches may not be exactly the same, that is, the thicknesses of the multiple transmission line branches may be different. Specifically, in the extension direction of the main transmission line, the second dimensions of the multiple transmission line branches may be different.

[0092] FIG5 is a top plan view of another phase shifter. In this embodiment, multiple transmission line branches within the same first transmission line have different second sizes. This may include different transmission line branches having different second sizes, i.e., different thicknesses of the transmission line branches. Alternatively, some transmission line branches may have different second sizes, while the remaining transmission line branches may have the same second size.

[0093] In practice, during structural design, multiple transmission line branches can be designed so that different transmission line branches have different second dimensions, or so that some transmission line branches have the same second dimension, while others have different second dimensions. This is not a limitation. Regardless of the design, continuous impedance modulation of the transmitted signal can be achieved, thereby chirping the residence time of signals of different frequencies on the transmission line, thereby achieving the desired dispersion characteristics.

[0094] In some examples, for the same first transmission line, the extension lengths of multiple transmission line branches may be different, or the thicknesses of the multiple transmission line branches may be different. Alternatively, as shown in FIG5 , the extension lengths and thicknesses of multiple transmission line branches may be different. In this case, for two of the transmission line branches, the length of one transmission line branch is different from the length of the other transmission line branch, and the thickness of the one transmission line branch is also different from the thickness of the other transmission line branch.

[0095] In a further example, when two first transmission lines are asymmetrically arranged at both ends of a second transmission line, the structure of the plurality of transmission line branches connected by the two first transmission lines may be as follows:

[0096] One scenario, as shown in Figure 4, is that the multiple transmission line branches within the two transmission zones differ only in length. Thus, the multiple transmission line branches within one transmission zone have the same second dimension but different first dimensions, while the multiple transmission line branches within the other transmission zone have the same second dimension but different first dimensions. In this case, the second dimensions of the transmission line branches within different transmission zones can be the same or different; and the variation patterns of the first dimensions of the multiple transmission line branches within different transmission zones can be the same or different.

[0097] Another scenario is that the multiple transmission line branches within two transmission zones differ only in thickness (not shown). Thus, the multiple transmission line branches within one transmission zone have the same first dimension but different second dimensions, while the multiple transmission line branches within the other transmission zone have the same first dimension but different second dimensions. In this case, the first dimensions of the transmission line branches within different transmission zones can be the same or different; the variation patterns of the second dimensions of the multiple transmission line branches within different transmission zones can be the same or different.

[0098] Another example is that, as shown in FIG5 , multiple transmission line branches in two transmission areas have differences in thickness and length. In this case, at least one first transmission line branch in one transmission area has a first size that is different from the first size of any transmission line branch in the other transmission area, and at least one second transmission line branch in one transmission area has a second size that is different from the second size of any transmission line branch in the other transmission area. The first transmission line branch and the second transmission line branch can be the same transmission line branch or different transmission line branches.

[0099] Of course, the design of the multiple transmission line branches in the above transmission area can be appropriately selected according to the desired dispersion effect and the operating frequency band of the phase shifter, and the present disclosure does not impose any special restrictions.

[0100] In some examples, for the same first transmission line, multiple transmission line branches can be arranged in various configurations to achieve corresponding dispersion modulation effects. Specifically, the transmission line branches can be arranged on the main transmission line in a staggered arrangement, a uniform periodic arrangement, a gradual length transition from long to short, a length transition from short to long, and combinations of these arrangements.

[0101] Specifically, in one exemplary arrangement, multiple transmission line branches within the same transmission region can be arranged in descending order of first size, or descending order of first size, in the direction of extension of the main transmission line toward the second transmission line. As shown in Figure 4 , in the transmission region on the left, multiple transmission line branches connected to the main transmission line are arranged in ascending order of first size toward the coupling region, such that the closer the transmission line branch is to the coupling region, the larger its first size.

[0102] When multiple transmission line branches within the same transmission area are arranged in descending order of the first size, the impedance of the transmitted signal continuously increases, thereby achieving the corresponding dispersion characteristics. Alternatively, when multiple transmission line branches within the same transmission area are arranged in ascending order of the first size, the impedance of the transmitted signal continuously decreases, thereby achieving the corresponding dispersion characteristics.

[0103] Whether from small to large or from large to small, it can improve the plasma structure characteristics of the first transmission line, so that the first transmission line has better slow-wave characteristics, thereby reducing dispersion.

[0104] Among them, the multiple transmission line branches in the two transmission areas can be arranged in the order of the first size from large to small along the direction toward the coupling area, or can be arranged in the order of the first size from small to large; or, the multiple transmission line branches in the two transmission areas can be arranged in the order of the first size from large to small in one transmission area, and the multiple transmission line branches in the other transmission area can be arranged in the order of the first size from small to large along the direction toward the coupling area.

[0105] Specifically, in another exemplary arrangement, the extension lengths and thicknesses of multiple transmission line branches are not exactly the same. In this case, the first transmission line can be designed as a periodic fence structure, and the periodic fence structure can mean that multiple transmission line branches are in a periodic structure.

[0106] The arrangement of the multiple transmission line branches in the two transmission areas may be the same or different, but both may be in a periodic structure.

[0107] The periodic structure may be formed in such a manner that the plurality of transmission line branches are arranged in at least one of a cross arrangement and an equal periodic arrangement.

[0108] Specifically, multiple transmission line branches of different sizes in one transmission area can be arranged crosswise, and multiple transmission line branches of different sizes in another transmission area can be arranged in an equal periodic pattern; or, multiple transmission line branches of different sizes in both transmission areas are arranged crosswise or in an equal periodic pattern.

[0109] A cross-arrangement may involve the cross-arrangement of transmission line branches of varying lengths or thicknesses, such that adjacent transmission line branches have different lengths or thicknesses. Referring to Figures 6a-6d, schematic top-view diagrams of four phase shifters are shown. In Figure 6a, in a cross-arrangement, the multiple transmission line branches differ in their first dimensions. Specifically, the cross-arrangement may include N or more first dimensions, where N is less than the total number of the multiple transmission line branches and greater than 1. The cross-arrangement then refers to the cross-arrangement of transmission line branches with larger first dimensions and transmission line branches with smaller first dimensions.

[0110] As shown in Figure 6b, in the cross arrangement, the multiple transmission line branches are different in the second size. Specifically, they can include more than M first sizes, where M is less than the total number of the multiple transmission line branches and greater than 1. Then the cross arrangement means that the transmission line branches with a larger second size and the transmission line branches with a smaller second size are cross-arranged.

[0111] In a uniformly periodic arrangement, the multiple transmission line branches within a transmission zone are divided into at least two branch groups, each of which includes at least two transmission line branches. Within each branch group, the transmission line branches exhibit a consistent pattern of variation. Specifically, the orthographic projections of each branch group onto the substrate are uniform. In this uniformly periodic arrangement, the first and / or second dimensions of the multiple transmission line branches within each branch group may vary, which is not detailed here.

[0112] As shown in Figure 6c, the multiple transmission line branches within the transmission area are divided into two branch groups, each of which includes three transmission line branches. The first dimension (length) of one of the three transmission line branches is greater than the first dimensions of the other two transmission line branches. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 6d, the multiple transmission line branches within the transmission area are divided into three branch groups, each of which includes two transmission line branches. The second dimension (length) of one of the two transmission line branches is greater than the second dimension of the other transmission line branch.

[0113] Among them, in the case where the transmission line branches in the transmission area are all arranged in an equi-periodic manner, the changing rules of the multiple transmission line branches in the two transmission areas may be consistent or inconsistent, which is not limited here.

[0114] The structure of the coupling region proposed in the present disclosure is described below in an exemplary manner.

[0115] As described above, since the second transmission line in the coupling region forms a capacitor structure, it may form an interdigital capacitor structure, a gap capacitor structure, or a metal-insulator-metal capacitor structure.

[0116] 7 , a schematic top plan view of a phase shifter is shown. As shown in FIG7 , the second transmission line may form an interdigitated capacitor structure. Specifically, the second transmission line may include a first sub-transmission line 121 in the shape of a comb tooth and a second sub-transmission line 122 in the shape of a comb tooth. The first sub-transmission line and the second sub-transmission line are both connected to a plurality of comb teeth 123. The plurality of comb teeth connected to the first sub-transmission line are engaged with the plurality of comb teeth connected to the second sub-transmission line, and gaps are provided between the plurality of comb teeth.

[0117] In this example, the teeth of the first sub-transmission line face the teeth of the second sub-transmission line, and the teeth of the second sub-transmission line face the teeth of the first sub-transmission line.

[0118] The size of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line (including the extension length and line width) may be the same as or different from the size of the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line (including the extension length and line width).

[0119] By using the second transmission line, since the second transmission line is configured as an interdigital capacitor, which is one of the high-performance capacitors in high-frequency circuits, it can operate stably at high frequencies, has low loss and excellent frequency response characteristics, thereby improving the frequency response characteristics of the phase shifter, thereby optimizing the modulation of its group delay, so that the group delay can be further reduced.

[0120] As shown in FIG7 , the comb teeth connected to the first sub-transmission line and the second sub-transmission line may be strip-shaped comb teeth, wherein the shape of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line may be different from the shape of the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line.

[0121] In some examples, the shape of the comb teeth includes at least one of a bar shape, a sawtooth shape, a wave shape, and an X shape.

[0122] 8a-8d , schematic top views of four different second transmission lines are shown. In some examples, the shape of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line may be the same as the shape of the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line. As shown in FIG8a-8c , the shape of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line is the same as the shape of the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line, such as a sawtooth shape, a wavy shape, or an X shape. As shown in FIG8d , the shape of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line is different from the shape of the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line, such as a sawtooth shape for the first sub-transmission line and a strip shape for the second sub-transmission line.

[0123] The shape of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line is the same as the shape of the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line, thereby improving the effect of reducing the group delay.

[0124] In which, when the shapes of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line and the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line are the same, the shapes of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line and the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line can both be any one of sawtooth, wave or cross shapes.

[0125] Specifically, as shown in FIG8a , the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line and the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line are both sawtooth-shaped, that is, a plurality of saw teeth 31 are spaced apart on the first sub-transmission line and the second sub-transmission line, wherein the orientations of the first saw teeth 31 of the comb teeth on the first sub-transmission line and the second saw teeth 31 of the comb teeth on the second sub-transmission line can be the same or opposite. FIG8a shows a case in which the orientations are opposite, in which the first saw teeth face the second saw teeth and the second saw teeth face the first saw teeth.

[0126] As shown in FIG8b, a case where the saw teeth have the same orientation is shown. In this case, the first saw tooth faces the second saw tooth, and the second saw tooth does not face the first saw tooth. Regardless of which orientation is used, when the comb teeth are in a sawtooth shape, the saw teeth can be used to make the gaps between the gaps formed by the comb teeth have different widths, thereby improving the frequency response of the capacitor structure to the signal and further reducing the group delay.

[0127] As shown in Figure 8c, the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line can also be in the shape of a continuous "X" shape, and the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line can be in the shape of a continuous "X" shape. In one example, the "X" shape of the first sub-transmission line can be aligned with the "X" shape of the second sub-transmission line, or it can be misaligned. Of course, as shown in Figure 8c, the misalignment is shown. The design of the transmission line with this "X" shape can make the gap width between adjacent interdigital fingers of the interdigital capacitor show regular changes, which can more effectively reduce group delay.

[0128] The shape of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line can be different from the shape of the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line. For example, the shape of the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line is sawtooth-shaped, and the shape of the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line can be an "X" shape. Alternatively, the shape of the first sub-transmission line is a long strip, and the shape of the second sub-transmission line is a sawtooth, an "X" shape, or a wavy shape. For example, as shown in Figure 8d, the shape of the first sub-transmission line is a long strip, and the shape of the second sub-transmission line is a continuous "X" shape. The structure shown in Figure 8d can reduce the difficulty of its process preparation and can also help reduce group delay.

[0129] Specifically, by adopting the above-mentioned interdigital capacitor structure, the size and shape of the comb teeth can be changed, the group delay can be continuously optimized, and the transmission accuracy of the signal can be improved.

[0130] In some embodiments of this example, the extension length of the comb teeth is λ / 8 to λ / 2, and the line width of the comb teeth is λ / 15 to λ / 5, where λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency of the signal.

[0131] 9 , which shows an enlarged schematic diagram of the dotted circle in FIG. 7 , shows that, as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 9 , the extended length L of the comb teeth can be λ / 8, or λ / 2, or any value between λ / 8 and λ / 2, such as λ / 5, λ / 4, and λ / 3. The line width W of the comb teeth, i.e., the size of the comb teeth in the target direction, can be λ / 15, or λ / 5, or any value between λ / 15 and λ / 5, such as λ / 10, λ / 8, and λ / 12.

[0132] In some examples, the meshing gap S between two adjacent comb teeth is λ / 15 to λ / 5, where λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency of the signal; wherein, one of the two adjacent comb teeth belongs to the first sub-transmission line and the other comb tooth belongs to the second sub-transmission line.

[0133] As shown in FIG9 , the meshing gap S between two adjacent comb teeth may be λ / 15, or λ / 5, or any value between λ / 15 and λ / 5, such as λ / 10, λ / 8, and λ / 12.

[0134] It should be noted that, in one example, the meshing gap may be smaller than the line width of the comb teeth, or larger than the line width of the comb teeth.

[0135] In some examples, the second transmission line may form a gap capacitor structure. Compared with the interdigital capacitor structure, the gap capacitor structure has a simpler structure and is easier to manufacture.

[0136] In some examples, the size of the first sub-transmission line in the target direction may be the same as that of the transmission line stub, and the size of the second sub-transmission line in the target direction may be the same as that of the transmission line stub. Alternatively, the size difference between the first sub-transmission line and the transmission line stub in the target direction may be smaller, and the size difference between the second sub-transmission line and the transmission line stub in the target direction may be smaller.

[0137] In yet other examples, the size of the first sub-transmission line in the extension direction may be the same as that of the transmission line stub, and the size of the second sub-transmission line in the extension direction may be the same as that of the transmission line stub. Alternatively, the size difference between the first sub-transmission line and the transmission line stub in the extension direction may be smaller, and the size difference between the second sub-transmission line and the transmission line stub in the extension direction may be smaller.

[0138] Specifically, referring to FIG10a and FIG10b, a schematic top plan view of a phase shifter is shown. As shown in FIG10a and FIG10b, the second transmission line in the coupling region may include a third sub-transmission line 125 and a fourth sub-transmission line 124. The third sub-transmission line is connected to the first transmission line in one of the two transmission regions, and the fourth sub-transmission line is connected to the first transmission line in the other of the two transmission regions. A gap is provided between the third sub-transmission line and the fourth sub-transmission line.

[0139] In some examples, as shown in FIG10a , the third sub-transmission line and the fourth transmission line may be closed figures, the third sub-transmission line 125 having a stepped first side 24 facing the fourth sub-transmission line 124; and the fourth sub-transmission line having a stepped second side 25 facing the third sub-transmission line 125; wherein a stepped gap is formed between the first side and the second side.

[0140] The capacitor adopting this structure has the characteristics of gap capacitor and interdigital capacitor, and its structural design is simple, which reduces the complexity of the manufacturing process.

[0141] With this capacitor structure, the gap between the first side and the second side is a stepped gap, and the size of the gap can show dynamic changes, as shown in Figure 10a, or the size of the gap at each position remains consistent. Regardless of the setting, the size of the gap in the extension direction of the first transmission line, that is, the size in the direction orthogonal to the target direction, can be λ / 15 to λ / 5.

[0142] The meshing gap S between the stepped gaps may be λ / 15, or λ / 5, or any value between λ / 15 and λ / 5, such as λ / 10, λ / 8, and λ / 12.

[0143] In some other examples, the gap is orthogonal to the extension direction of the first transmission line, and in the extension direction of the first transmission line, a size of the third sub-transmission line is larger than a size of the fourth sub-transmission line.

[0144] 10b , a top plan view of another phase shifter is shown. As shown in FIG10b , the gap between the third sub-transmission line and the fourth sub-transmission line is orthogonal to the extension direction of the first transmission line. In this case, the third sub-transmission line is thicker than the fourth sub-transmission line. For example, the dimension of the third transmission line 125 in the extension direction of the first transmission line may be 3 to 4 times the dimension of the fourth transmission line 124 in the extension direction of the first transmission line.

[0145] In some examples, the size of the third sub-transmission line in the target direction may be the same as that of the transmission line stub, and the size of the fourth sub-transmission line in the target direction may be the same as that of the transmission line stub. Alternatively, the size difference between the third sub-transmission line and the transmission line stub in the target direction may be small.

[0146] In some other examples, the size of the third sub-transmission line in the extension direction may be the same as that of the transmission line branch, and the size of the fourth sub-transmission line in the extension direction may be the same as that of the transmission line branch. Alternatively, the size difference between the third sub-transmission line and the transmission line branch in the extension direction may be small.

[0147] The phase shifter proposed in the present disclosure is exemplarily described below with reference to several examples.

[0148] Example A:

[0149] Referring to Figure 11, a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of a phase shifter A is shown. As shown in Figure 11, the phase shifter includes two oppositely arranged substrates, which may include a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein a liquid crystal is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, a transmission line is arranged on a side of the first substrate close to the liquid crystal, and a metal floor layer may be arranged on a side of the second substrate close to the liquid crystal.

[0150] Among them, the transmission line includes a second transmission line and a first transmission line connected to both ends of the second transmission line, the second transmission line forms an interdigitated capacitor structure, the first transmission line includes a main transmission line and four transmission line branches connected to the main transmission line, the four transmission line branches are symmetrically distributed on two pairs of sides of the main transmission line, and the transmission line branches are orthogonal to the main transmission line.

[0151] For the first transmission line, the four transmission line branches included in the transmission areas on both sides have different lengths and widths, and are arranged in different ways. As shown in Figure 11, the first transmission line on the left side of Figure 11 has the same second dimension of its transmission line branches as it moves toward the coupling area, while its length tends to increase, that is, its first dimension tends to increase. Specifically, it includes two transmission line branches of the same length and a shorter length, followed by two transmission line branches of the same length and a longer length. As shown in Figure 11, the first dimension of the transmission line branches of the right side of the first transmission line has a tendency to increase as it moves toward the coupling area. Specifically, it arranges a shorter and thinner transmission line branch, followed by three transmission line branches of the same length and a longer length. Among the four transmission line branches, the one away from the coupling area has the smallest second dimension.

[0152] The second transmission line includes a first sub-transmission line and a second sub-transmission line. Both the first sub-transmission line and the second sub-transmission line have a comb-tooth structure. The comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line and the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line are meshed, and the gap between each two adjacent comb teeth is consistent, ranging from λ / 15 to λ / 5. As shown in FIG11 , all the comb teeth are strip-shaped comb teeth; the extension length of all the comb teeth is also consistent, ranging from λ / 8 to λ / 2, and the line width of all the comb teeth is also consistent, ranging from λ / 15 to λ / 5.

[0153] Among them, the transmission line is a microstrip line.

[0154] The transmission line in Figure 11 was fed with a 50Ω port impedance at both ends. The dielectric constants of the liquid crystal between the first and second substrates were varied to 2.8, 3.2, and 3.6, respectively. The S21 phase of the phase shifter was simulated under different dielectric constants. The simulation results are shown in Figure 12. The S parameters of the phase shifter shown in Figure 11 were also tested. The S parameters obtained are shown in Figure 13.

[0155] The phase shifter in FIG11 was subjected to a phase shift test to phase shift signals of different frequencies. The group delay response curve of the phase shifter can be shown with reference to FIG14. In FIG14, the abscissa represents the instantaneous frequency and the ordinate represents the group delay. It can be seen that, compared with the phase shifter in the related art, the transmission line designed in the present application makes the delays of signals of different frequencies closer, that is, the changes are more gradual, thereby reducing the group delay.

[0156] Example B

[0157] The difference from the phase shifter in Example A is that the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line in the second transmission line are strip-shaped, and the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line in the second transmission line are continuous "X" shapes, as shown in Figure 8d. Compared with Example A, it can better reduce group delay.

[0158] Example C

[0159] The difference from the phase shifter in Example A is that the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line in the second transmission line are sawtooth-shaped, and the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line in the second transmission line are sawtooth-shaped, as shown in Figures 8a and 8b. Compared with Example B, it can better reduce the group delay.

[0160] Example D

[0161] The difference from the phase shifter in Example A is that the comb teeth of the first sub-transmission line in the second transmission line are continuous "-" shapes, and the comb teeth of the second sub-transmission line in the second transmission line are continuous "-" shapes. Compared with Example C, as shown in Figure 8c, it can better reduce group delay.

[0162] Example E

[0163] The difference from the phase shifter in Example A is that the second transmission line forms a gap capacitor, as shown in the structure of FIG10 a. Compared with Example A, the effect of reducing group delay is lower, but its structure is simple and easy to manufacture.

[0164] Example F

[0165] The difference from the phase shifter in Example A is that the second transmission line forms a gap capacitor, as shown in the structure in Figure 10b. Compared with Example E, its effect of reducing group delay is lower, but its structure is simpler and easier to manufacture.

[0166] Based on the same inventive concept, the present disclosure further provides an antenna device, which includes the phase shifter described in any one of the above exemplary embodiments, and a feeding structure and a radiation structure respectively connected to the phase shifter.

[0167] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0168] Finally, it should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, etc., are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, commodity, or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, commodity, or device. In the absence of further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of additional identical elements in the process, method, commodity, or device that includes the element.

[0169] The above describes in detail a phase shifter and antenna device provided by the present disclosure. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is only intended to help understand the method and core concept of the present disclosure. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, based on the concept of the present disclosure, there may be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the contents of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present disclosure.

[0170] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

[0171] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the exact structures that have been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

[0172] References herein to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," or "one or more embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, please note that instances of the phrase "in one embodiment" do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment.

[0173] In the description provided herein, numerous specific details are described. However, it is understood that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and techniques are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0174] In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be construed as limiting the claim. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claim. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The present disclosure may be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In a unit claim enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third etc. does not indicate any order. These words may be interpreted as names.

[0175] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure, rather than to limit them. Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A phase shifter, characterized in that, Comprising: A first substrate; A second substrate, disposed opposite to the first substrate; Liquid crystal, located between the first substrate and the second substrate; And, A transmission line, located on one side of the first substrate or the second substrate close to the liquid crystal, including a second transmission line, and first transmission lines connected to both ends of the second transmission line; Wherein, the first transmission line has a fence structure, and the second transmission line is a capacitive structure.

2. The phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein The second transmission line includes: A first sub-transmission line, connected to one of the two first transmission lines; A second sub-transmission line, connected to the other of the two first transmission lines; Wherein, a plurality of comb teeth are connected to both the first sub-transmission line and the second sub-transmission line, the plurality of comb teeth connected to the first sub-transmission line mesh with the plurality of comb teeth connected to the second sub-transmission line, and there are gaps between the plurality of comb teeth.

3. The phase shifter according to claim 2, wherein In the extending direction of the first transmission line towards the second transmission line, the extending length of the comb teeth is λ / 8 to λ / 2, and in the direction orthogonal to the extending direction, the line width of the comb teeth is λ / 15 to λ / 5; wherein, λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency point of the signal.

4. The phase shifter according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shape of the comb teeth connected to the first sub-transmission line is the same as the shape of the comb teeth connected to the second sub-transmission line.

5. The phase shifter according to claim 2, wherein, The shape of the comb teeth includes at least one of a strip shape, a sawtooth shape, a wavy shape, and a continuous several-character shape.

6. The phase shifter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shape of the comb teeth is a sawtooth shape; wherein, The first saw teeth of the comb teeth connected to the first sub-transmission line have the same orientation as the second saw teeth of the comb teeth connected to the second sub-transmission line; or, the first saw teeth face the second saw teeth and the second saw teeth face the first saw teeth.

7. The phase shifter according to claim 2, wherein The meshing gap between two adjacent comb teeth is λ / 15 to λ / 5, and λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency point of the signal; Wherein, one of two adjacent comb teeth belongs to the first sub-transmission line and the other comb tooth belongs to the second sub-transmission line.

8. The phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second transmission line includes: A third sub-transmission line, connected to the first transmission line in one of the two transmission regions; and, A fourth sub-transmission line, connected to the first transmission line in the other of the two transmission regions; Wherein, there is a gap between the third sub-transmission line and the fourth sub-transmission line.

9. The phase shifter according to claim 8, wherein, The third sub-transmission line has a closed figure, and the third sub-transmission line has a stepped first side facing the fourth sub-transmission line; and, The fourth sub-transmission line has a closed figure, and the fourth sub-transmission line has a stepped second side facing the third sub-transmission line; Wherein, the first side and the second side mesh with each other.

10. The phase shifter according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gap is orthogonal to the extending direction of the first transmission line, and in the extending direction of the first transmission line, the size of the third sub-transmission line is larger than the size of the fourth sub-transmission line.

11. The phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two first transmission lines are symmetrically distributed at both ends of the second transmission line.

12. The phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein The first transmission line includes a main transmission line extending towards the second transmission line, and a plurality of transmission line branches connected to the main transmission line; Among them, the extending direction of the transmission line stub is orthogonal to the extending direction of the main transmission line, and a plurality of the transmission line stubs are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the main transmission line.

13. The phase shifter according to claim 12, wherein In a target direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the main transmission line, the first dimensions of a plurality of the transmission line stubs are not completely the same.

14. The phase shifter according to claim 13, characterized in that, In the extending direction of the main transmission line towards the second transmission line, a plurality of the transmission line stubs are arranged in an order of decreasing or increasing first dimension.

15. The phase shifter according to claim 12, wherein, In the extending direction of the main transmission line, the second dimensions of a plurality of the transmission line stubs are not completely the same.

16. The phase shifter according to claim 12, characterized in that, In a target direction orthogonal to the extending direction of the main transmission line, the first dimension of the transmission line stub is λ / 4 - λ / 2; In the extending direction of the main transmission line, the second dimension of the transmission line stub is λ / 4 - λ / 2; where λ is the operating wavelength of the center frequency point of the signal.

17. The phase shifter according to any one of claims 13-16, characterized in that, A plurality of the transmission line stubs have a periodic structure.

18. The phase shifter according to claim 17, characterized in that, The arrangement mode of a plurality of the transmission line stubs includes at least one of cross arrangement and equal-period arrangement.

19. The phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein The transmission line is a microstrip line or a strip line.

20. An antenna device, characterized in that, The antenna device includes the phase shifter according to any one of claims 1-19, and a feeding structure and a radiation structure respectively coupled to the phase shifter.

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