Device and method for energy consumption control and enforcement
A network entity manages energy consumption by receiving reports and issuing throttling instructions to enforce maximum limits, addressing the lack of instantaneous control in telecommunications networks and ensuring compliance with energy thresholds.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/077221
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-15
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing telecommunications networks lack adequate mechanisms for instantaneous energy consumption control and enforcement, particularly for best-effort traffic, which requires real-time adjustments to comply with maximum energy consumption limits without compromising service quality.
A network entity is configured to receive energy consumption reports, determine if a threshold is exceeded, and issue traffic throttling instructions to manage and enforce maximum energy consumption limits by associating energy usage with data volume control.
Enables effective real-time management of energy consumption, ensuring compliance with maximum energy limits while maintaining service quality for best-effort traffic.
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Figure CN2024077221_21082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ENERGY CONSUMPTION CONTROL AND ENFORCEMENTTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure pertains to telecommunications networks, specifically to methods and systems for managing and enforcing energy usage control for user equipment (UE) within a core network of 5G or 6G telecommunications systems. The application focuses on the implementation of subscription policies that define maximum energy consumption limits for services, particularly for best-effort traffic without Quality of Service (QoS) criteria, and on mechanisms for the control and enforcement of these policies.BACKGROUND
[0002] In recent developments within the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , there has been an increasing recognition of the need to manage energy consumption within telecommunications networks. 3GPP’s technical specification TS22.261 outlines the use case of energy-related information as a service, highlighting the necessity for the 5G (and future 6G) systems to support subscription policies that define maximum energy consumption and maximum energy credit limit for services, especially those without QoS criteria. These systems are required to incorporate mechanisms for the control and enforcement of such policies to ensure efficient energy usage.
[0003] 3GPP's TS23.503 introduces a Policy and Charging Framework that includes session management, user plane (UP) management, and charging management based on event, volume, and time usage. This framework allows the network to monitor usage and apply associated policy and charging functionalities, including data volume usage control and event reporting for service data flows. However, despite the advancements in credit control for data volume and time usage, the framework does not adequately address the specific needs of instantaneous energy consumption control.
[0004] The direct proportionality between energy consumption and data volume usage, as identified in TS28.554, suggests that controlling the data volume usage of a UE or subscriber can influence its energy usage. Nonetheless, the existing mechanisms fall short of supporting the comprehensive requirements for energy-related (i.e., maximum energy consumption and maximum energy credit) control and enforcement. The current policy and charging frameworks, while effective for their intended purposes of credit control related to data volume and time usage, are inadequate for the emerging needs of energy usage control. They do not provide for the instantaneous control of energy consumption at the granular level required for effective energy management. This limitation is particularly problematic for best-effort traffic, which requires real-time adjustments at multiple control points to comply with maximum energy consumption limit of a UE or subscriber without compromising service quality.SUMMARY
[0005] In view of the above-discussed limitations, this disclosure aims to fill the gaps in the prior art by offering a solution that can meet the specific requirements for energy usage control and enforcement in the rapidly evolving telecommunications landscape. The energy usage in this application is related to the energy consumption. One objective is to propose new mechanisms for the instantaneous control of maximum energy consumption per UE or subscriber. Another objection is to provide enhancements to existing functionalities to manage and control maximum energy credit limit more effectively.
[0006] These and other objectives are achieved by the solution of the present disclosure as provided in the enclosed independent claims. Advantageous implementations are further defined in the dependent claims.
[0007] A first aspect of the disclosure provides a first network entity for energy usage control, configured to: receive one or more energy consumption reports for a first time interval from each of one or more second network entities, wherein each energy consumption report is associated with a data session of a UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE; determine whether a total energy consumption across all data sessions of the UE exceeds a first threshold based on the one or more energy consumption reports; if the first threshold is exceeded, determine a first traffic throttling instruction based on the one or more energy consumption reports; and send the first traffic throttling instruction to at least one of the second network entities, wherein the first traffic throttling instruction comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval.
[0008] This disclosure proposes a network entity for energy usage control. This entity collects energy usage reports and decides for one or more second network entities whether the energy usage needs to be controlled. This entity can associate energy-related policy for monitoring, reporting, and enforcement instructions.
[0009] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE comprises a transferred data volume and a consumed energy of the data session from each of one or more second network entities consumed within the first time interval.
[0010] It may be understood that data volume usage of a data session over a specific time period is directly correlated with energy consumption. It means that the energy usage of a UE or subscriber can be controlled by controlling its data volume usage.
[0011] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the first network entity is configured to calculate the total energy consumption across all data sessions of the UE by aggregating the consumed energy of all data sessions from the one or more second network entities within the first time interval.
[0012] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the first network entity is configured to calculate an energy consumption ratio for each of the one or more second network entities based on the data volume and the consumed energy of the data session from each of one or more second network entities included in the one or more energy consumption report; determine at least one data session of a second network entity from the one or more second network entities under consideration of their energy consumption ratios; determine the first traffic throttling instruction based on the one or more energy consumption usage reports, and / or the calculated energy consumption ratios; and send the first traffic throttling instruction to the determined at least one second network entity if the first threshold is exceeded, wherein the first threshold is a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE.
[0013] The best-effort traffic of the UE is associated with UE’s PDU session (s) and defined as non-guaranteed bit rate (non-GBR) traffic or services without QoS criteria. Example best-effort traffic includes traffic associated with specific QoS flows or policy control configuration (PCC) rules or of the whole PDU Session.
[0014] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the first network entity is configured to receive one or more updated energy consumption reports from each of one or more second network entities; and determine whether to adjust or remove the first traffic throttling instruction based on the one or more updated energy consumption reports.
[0015] The second network entity may periodically transmit energy consumption reports to the first network entity. Over time, the energy consumption associated with the data sessions is subject to variation. For example, should the aggregate energy consumption of all data sessions for a UE no longer surpass the established first threshold, the first network entity might opt to either revoke or modify the existing traffic throttling instruction for the UE. Conversely, if the cumulative energy consumption for all of the UE's data sessions continues to exceed the first threshold, the first network entity may choose to further curtail energy usage by issuing a revised traffic throttling instruction to the data session associated with the first traffic throttling instruction or by issuing a new traffic throttling instruction to the one or more other data sessions.
[0016] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the energy usage control enforcement information comprises a maximum allowed bit rate for at least one data session of the UE.
[0017] It should be recognized that the data volume usage of a data session within a given time frame is directly correlated with energy consumption. Consequently, by managing the maximum allowed bit rate, the data volume usage can be controlled, thus one can effectively regulate the energy usage of a UE or subscriber.
[0018] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the first network entity is configured to receive from the one or more second network entities one or more of the following:
[0019] - a maximum energy consumption limit,
[0020] - an identifier of the UE, and
[0021] - an identifier of the data session.
[0022] In an implementation form of the first aspect, the first network entity is implemented in a policy control function (PCF) and / or a charging function (CHF) of a core network.
[0023] In particular, the first network entity may be named as energy policy control function (EPCF) in this application.
[0024] A second aspect of the disclosure provides a second network entity for energy usage monitoring, configured to: send an energy consumption report for a first time interval to a first network entity, wherein each energy consumption report is associated with a data session of a UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE; receive a first traffic throttling instruction from the first network entity, wherein the first traffic throttling instruction comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval; and provide a second traffic throttling instruction to a third network entity for energy usage control enforcement, wherein the second traffic throttling instruction comprises the energy usage control enforcement information for the at least one data session of the UE for the second time interval.
[0025] This aspect of the disclosure defines how the network monitors the usage of energy consumption per PDU session per subscriber granularity. The second network entity receives the energy-related policy or instruction for monitoring and reporting from EPCF (i.e., in this case the EPCF acting as a fourth network entity) . During the session management procedure, second network entity, which may also be named as energy usage monitoring (EUM) in this application, interacts with the corresponding energy usage measurement and enforcement (EUME) point (i.e., a third network entity) and / or EPCF (i.e., EPCF acting as the first network entity) and provides session-related instructions and / or policy information containing the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE and the measurement interval and / or information for the energy-related best-effort traffic detection and energy-related usage reporting.
[0026] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the second network entity is further configured to obtain one or more usage reports for one or more data sessions of the UE, from a third network entity and / or a fifth network entity or other network entities, wherein each usage report comprises one or more of: a transferred data volume of the data session of the UE, a consumed energy of the data session of the UE consumed at an access network device and / or at a UP within the first time interval, and / or energy usage information; and calculate the energy consumption of the data session of the UE based on the obtained one or more usage reports.
[0027] For the exemplary energy consumption of the data session of the UE the second network entity calculates the energy consumption for the data session (e.g., PDU Session) of the UE consumed at a user plane (UP) based on the data volume reports from the third network entity (e.g., UPF) and energy consumption information for the third network entity (e.g., UPF) retrieved from a fifth network entity (e.g., OAM) (under consideration of the overall the third network entity (e.g., UPF) data volume) . A consumed energy of the data session of the UE consumed at an access network device can be considered in a similar way, hence, the total energy consumption for the data session (e.g., PDU Session) of the UE consumed at an access network device and at a UP can be calculated.
[0028] The energy-related information of UE (e.g., the absolute energy consumption, the estimated energy consumption rate, or the data volume information) may be provided by a core network function (the fifth network entity) indirectly. Alternatively, the energy-related information of UE may be provided directly by (R) AN and UP entity per node and / or per UE granularity. To monitor the status of energy usage, the second network entity may create a policy counter for each energy parameter (i.e., maximum energy consumption, maximum energy credit) with the associated time period. The policy counter is created or updated per PDU session per subscriber per time period. At each associated time period or based on the change of threshold values related to maximum energy consumption or maximum energy credit, the counter is updated with the initial settings.
[0029] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the energy usage control enforcement information comprises at least one of:
[0030] - a maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,
[0031] - an indication for activation of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,
[0032] - an indication for adjustment of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, or
[0033] - an indication for removal of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE.
[0034] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the second network entity is further configured to receive energy control policy configuration of the UE from a fourth network entity, wherein the energy control policy information comprises one or more of the following:
[0035] - one or more of PCC rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;
[0036] - a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE; and
[0037] - session-related configuration information for energy usage measurement, wherein the session-related configuration information indicates a first reporting period associated with the first time interval, and / or a second reporting period associated with the second time interval.
[0038] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the second network entity is further configured to provide to the first network entity at least one of:
[0039] - the maximum energy consumption limit,
[0040] - an identifier of the UE, and
[0041] - an identifier of the data session.
[0042] Based on the energy control policy configuration of the UE, the second network entity configure the maximum energy consumption limit at the first network entity by sending a request of maximum energy consumption control for the data session of the UE. The request includes the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE, the identifications of the UE, the identification of the data session and the measurement interval.
[0043] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the second network entity is further configured to provide to the third network entity at least one of:
[0044] - one or more of N4 rules with the session indication;
[0045] - the first reporting period;
[0046] - the second reporting period;
[0047] - an identifier of the UE, and
[0048] - an identifier of the data session.
[0049] Based on the energy control policy configuration of the UE, the second network entity configures N4 rules with session indication for data volume monitoring and ESMBR enforcement in the third network entity for those service data flows which have the indication in the PCC rules.
[0050] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the second network entity is further configured to provide to a fifth network entity at least one of:
[0051] - energy usage information request related to the third network entity and / or a data session;
[0052] - the first reporting period;
[0053] - an identifier of the UE, and
[0054] - an identifier of the data session.
[0055] In an implementation form of the second aspect, the second network entity is implemented in a session management function (SMF) of a core network.
[0056] A third aspect of the disclosure provides a third network entity for energy usage control enforcement, configured to: receive one or more second traffic throttling instructions from one or more second network entities, wherein each second traffic throttling instruction comprises energy usage control enforcement information for a second time interval; and execute the one or more second traffic throttling instructions.
[0057] This disclosure further proposes a network entity for energy usage measurement &enforcement. This embodiment defines how the network can measure the energy consumption of PDU sessions per subscriber and control the enforcement action to meet the requirement set in the traffic throttling instructions.
[0058] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the energy usage control enforcement information indicates at least one of the following:
[0059] - a maximum allowed bit rate for at least one data session of the UE,
[0060] - an indication for activation of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,
[0061] - an indication for adjustment of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, or
[0062] - an indication for removal of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,
[0063] wherein the third network entity is further configured to:
[0064] - activate the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, and / or
[0065] - adjust the maximum allowed bit rate of the at least one data session of the UE, and / or
[0066] - remove the maximum allowed bit rate of the at least one data session of the UE, based on the energy usage control enforcement information.
[0067] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the third network entity is further configured to continue to activate the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, if no updated second traffic throttling instruction is received.
[0068] Specifically, the absence of new traffic throttling instructions from the second network entity signifies that the existing traffic throttling parameters remain valid. As a result, the maximum bit rate defined in the preceding traffic throttling instruction continues to be enforced.
[0069] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the third network entity is further configured to receive one or more usage report requests from the one or more second network entities, wherein each usage report request comprises one or more of an identifier of the UE, an identifier of the data session, usage measurement, reporting configuration information, and reporting information; and provide one or more usage reports to the one or more second network entities for one or more data sessions of the UE, wherein each usage report comprises a transferred data volume of the data session of the UE at a UP, and / or a consumed energy related to the data session of the UE consumed at the UP within a first time interval.
[0070] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the third network entity is further configured to receive from the one or more second network entities one or more of the following:
[0071] - one or more of N4 rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;
[0072] - a first reporting period associated with the first time interval;
[0073] - a second reporting period associated with the second time interval;
[0074] - an identifier of the UE, and
[0075] - an identifier of the data session.
[0076] In an implementation form of the third aspect, the third network entity is implemented in a UP function (UPF) .
[0077] A fourth aspect of the disclosure provides a fourth network entity for energy usage policy control, configured to provide energy control policy configuration of a UE, to one or more second network entities, wherein the energy control policy information comprises one or more of the following:
[0078] - one or more of PCC rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;
[0079] - a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE; and
[0080] - session-related configuration information for energy usage measurement, wherein the session-related configuration information indicates a first reporting period associated with the first time interval, and / or a second reporting period associated with the second time interval.
[0081] This disclosure proposes a network entity for energy usage control, this feature defines the association of energy policy control data and energy policy information for energy usage monitoring, reporting and energy enforcement related instructions.
[0082] In an implementation form of the fourth aspect, the fourth network entity is further configured to provide the energy control policy configuration of the UE to the one or more second network entities based on one of the following: an application request, subscription-related information, or a local policy.
[0083] A fifth aspect of the disclosure provides a fifth network entity for energy usage information measurement, configured to receive from one or more second network entities at least one of:
[0084] - energy usage information request related to a third network entity and / or a data session;
[0085] - a first reporting period associated with a first time interval;
[0086] - an identifier of a UE; and
[0087] - an identifier of a data session.
[0088] This disclosure further proposes a network entity for supporting energy usage monitoring by providing the energy usage information to the second network entity that is responsible for energy usage monitoring.
[0089] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the fifth network entity is further configured to provide energy usage report to the one or more second network entities for the first time interval, wherein the energy usage report is related to the third network entity and / or the data session of the UE, and comprises one or more of:
[0090] - a consumed energy of the third network entity,
[0091] - a consumed energy of the UE,
[0092] - a consumed energy of the data session,
[0093] - a total transferred data volume of the third network entity,
[0094] - a total transferred data volume of the UE, and
[0095] - a transferred data volume of the data session.
[0096] In an implementation form of the fifth aspect, the fifth network entity is implemented at a radio access network (RAN) , or an operations and management function, or network data analytics function (NWDAF) of the core network.
[0097] A sixth aspect of the disclosure provides a method performed by a first network entity for energy usage control, comprising: receiving one or more energy consumption reports for a first time interval from each of one or more second network entities, wherein each energy consumption report is associated with a data session of a UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE; determining whether a total energy consumption across all data sessions of the UE exceeds a first threshold based on the one or more energy consumption reports; if the first threshold is exceeded, determining a first traffic throttling instruction based on the one or more energy consumption reports; and sending the first traffic throttling instruction to at least one of the second network entities, wherein the first traffic throttling instruction comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval.
[0098] Implementation forms of the method of the sixth aspect may correspond to the implementation forms of the first network entity of the first aspect described above. The method of the sixth aspect and its implementation forms achieve the same advantages and effects as described above for the first network entity of the first aspect and its implementation forms.
[0099] A seventh aspect of the disclosure provides a method performed by a second network entity for energy usage monitoring, comprising: sending an energy consumption report for a first time interval to a first network entity, wherein each energy consumption report is associated with a data session of a UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE; receiving a first traffic throttling instruction from the first network entity, wherein the first traffic throttling instruction comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval; and providing a second traffic throttling instruction to a third network entity for energy usage control enforcement, wherein the second traffic throttling instruction comprises the energy usage control enforcement information for the at least one data session of the UE for the second time interval.
[0100] Implementation forms of the method of the seventh aspect may correspond to the implementation forms of the second network entity of the second aspect described above. The method of the seventh aspect and its implementation forms achieve the same advantages and effects as described above for the second network entity of the second aspect and its implementation forms.
[0101] An eighth aspect of the disclosure provides a method performed by a third network entity for energy usage control enforcement, comprising: receiving one or more second traffic throttling instructions from one or more second network entities, wherein each second traffic throttling instruction comprises second energy usage control enforcement information for a second time interval; and executing the one or more second traffic throttling instructions.
[0102] Implementation forms of the method of the eighth aspect may correspond to the implementation forms of the third network entity of the third aspect described above. The method of the eighth aspect and its implementation forms achieve the same advantages and effects as described above for the third network entity of the third aspect and its implementation forms.
[0103] A ninth aspect of the disclosure provides a method performed by a fourth network entity for energy usage policy control, comprising providing energy control policy configuration of a UE, to one or more second network entities, wherein the energy control policy information comprises one or more of the following:
[0104] - one or more of PCC rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;
[0105] - a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE; and
[0106] - session-related configuration information for energy usage measurement, wherein the session-related configuration information indicates a first reporting period associated with the first time interval, and / or a second reporting period associated with the second time interval.
[0107] Implementation forms of the method of the ninth aspect may correspond to the implementation forms of the fourth network entity of the fourth aspect described above. The method of the ninth aspect and its implementation forms achieve the same advantages and effects as described above for the fourth network entity of the fourth aspect and its implementation forms.
[0108] A tenth aspect of the disclosure provides a method performed by a fifth network entity for energy usage information measurement, comprising receiving from one or more second network entities at least one of:
[0109] - energy usage information request related to a third network entity and / or a data session;
[0110] - a first reporting period associated with a first time interval;
[0111] - an identifier of a UE; and
[0112] - an identifier of a data session.
[0113] Implementation forms of the method of the tenth aspect may correspond to the implementation forms of the fifth network entity of the fifth aspect described above. The method of the tenth aspect and its implementation forms achieve the same advantages and effects as described above for the fifth network entity of the fifth aspect and its implementation forms.
[0114] An eleventh aspect of the disclosure provides a computer program product comprising a program code for carrying out, when implemented on a processor, the method according to the sixth aspect and any implementation forms of the sixth aspect, the seventh aspect and any implementation forms of the seventh aspect, the eighth aspect and any implementation forms of the eighth aspect, the ninth aspect and any implementation forms of the ninth aspect, the tenth aspect and any implementation forms of the tenth aspect.
[0115] It has to be noted that all devices, elements, units, and means described in the present application could be implemented in software or hardware elements or any kind of combination thereof. All steps that are performed by the various entities described in the present application as well as the functionalities described to be performed by the various entities are intended to mean that the respective entity is adapted to or configured to perform the respective steps and functionalities. Even if, in the following description of specific embodiments, a specific functionality or step to be performed by external entities is not reflected in the description of a specific detailed element of that entity that performs that specific step or functionality, it should be clear for a skilled person that these methods and functionalities can be implemented in respective software or hardware elements or any kind of combination thereof.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0116] The above-described aspects and implementation forms of the present disclosure will be explained in the following description of specific embodiments in relation to the enclosed drawings, in which:
[0117] FIG. 1 shows a first network entity according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0118] FIG. 2 shows an example of energy usage policy for best-effort traffic of PDU sessions in UE granularity;
[0119] FIG. 3 shows an energy usage control framework according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0120] FIG. 4 shows a second network entity according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0121] FIG. 5 shows a third network entity according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0122] FIG. 6 shows a network structure according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0123] FIG. 7 shows an energy consumption measurement procedure according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0124] FIG. 8 shows an energy consumption measurement procedure according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0125] FIG. 9 shows an example scenario of interactions among EPCF, EUM, and EUME according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0126] FIG. 10 shows an example scenario of interactions among EPCF, EUM, and EUME according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0127] FIG. 11 shows an enhancement of session management (SM) policy association establishment procedure according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0128] FIG. 12 shows an enhancement of SMF, UPF, and CHF with subscriber maximum energy consumption usage control and enforcement functionalities according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0129] FIG. 13 shows an enhancement of SMF, UPF, and CHF with subscriber maximum energy credit usage control and enforcement functionalities according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0130] FIG. 14 shows a procedure for instantaneous maximum energy consumption control and enforcement according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0131] FIG. 15 shows a procedure for subscriber’s energy credit control according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0132] FIG. 16 shows an architecture overview according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0133] FIG. 17 shows a method according to an embodiment of this disclosure;
[0134] FIG. 18 shows a method according to an embodiment of this disclosure
[0135] FIG. 19 shows a method according to an embodiment of this disclosure
[0136] FIG. 20 shows a method according to an embodiment of this disclosure; and
[0137] FIG. 21 shows a method according to an embodiment of this disclosureDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0138] Illustrative embodiments of network entities and corresponding methods are described in the following with reference to the figures. Although this description provides a detailed example of possible implementations, it should be noted that the details are intended to be exemplary and in no way limit the scope of the application.
[0139] Moreover, an embodiment or example may refer to other embodiments or examples. For example, any description including but not limited to terminology, element, process, explanation, and / or technical advantage mentioned in one embodiment or example may also apply to the other embodiments or examples.
[0140] This application introduces and utilizes several key terms essential for understanding and implementing energy usage control and enforcement within a 5G or 6G telecommunications system, as outlined in the 3GPP TS22.261 and related specifications. These terms lay the groundwork for the present approach to manage and optimize energy consumption control and energy credit control for UE in a core network environment. Below are the definitions and applications of these terms within the context of the present application:
[0141] Energy Credit: This refers to a quantity of energy credit associated with a subscriber, which the 5G or 6G system uses for credit control purposes. The concept of energy credit is pivotal for managing energy consumption, allowing for a quantifiable measure that can be monitored and controlled to ensure efficient use of network resources. The energy credit is directly related to energy consumption, providing a framework for balancing service delivery with energy efficiency.
[0142] Energy Consumption: Defined as the amount of energy utilized to achieve specific system purposes, energy consumption is expressed in Joules (J) or Watthours (Wh) , where 1 Joule [J] = 1 Watt *1 Second [Ws] . This measure is critical for assessing the energy efficiency of the system and the impact of various services and operations on overall energy use.
[0143] Maximum Energy Consumption: This policy establishes an upper bound on the quantity of energy that the 5G or 6G system can consume within a specific period of time or space, e.g., energy consumption inside a given service area. The period associated with maximum energy consumption typically spans shorter durations compared to the period associated with maximum energy credit. This period is defined such as minutes or hours, allowing for real-time or near-real-time management of energy usage to prevent excessive consumption.
[0144] Maximum Energy Credit Limit: Unlike maximum energy consumption, the maximum energy credit limit sets an aggregate cap on the total quantity of energy that the 5G or 6G system can use to provide services to a specific subscriber over a longer period, such as days. This distinction is crucial for long-term energy management and ensuring that subscribers' energy usage remains within sustainable limits.
[0145] Best-Effort Traffic: Defined as traffic without QoS criteria, best-effort traffic includes typical internet traffic with default QoS or non-GBR traffic. The best-effort traffic is associated with specific QoS flows or PCC rules or the whole PDU Session. Managing energy consumption for best-effort traffic is particularly challenging due to its variable nature and the lack of predetermined QoS guarantees.
[0146] Maximum Energy Consumption per UE: This term refers to the specific maximum energy consumption limit applied to the traffic (e.g., the best-effort traffic) of a single UE. It represents a tailored approach to energy management, considering the unique traffic profile and energy usage patterns of each UE.
[0147] Maximum Energy Credit Limit per UE: Similarly, this defines the total energy credit limit for all best-effort traffic of a UE, encompassing a broader and longer-term perspective on energy usage control and enforcement for individual subscribers.
[0148] Energy Session Maximum Bit Rate (ESMBR) : The term ESMBR is a maximum allowed bit rate to control the respective best-effort traffic (e.g., non-GBR traffic) of UE and is determined by the first network entity based on energy consumption reports by one or more of the second network entity from the previous reporting time. The value of ESMBR is applied to the respective best-effort traffic (e.g., non-GBR traffic) at one or more data sessions of the UE for the next reporting time interval.
[0149] N4 rules: In this application, N4 rules defined in TS23.501 are considered.
[0150] FIG. 1 shows a first network entity 100 for energy usage control according to an embodiment of the disclosure.
[0151] The first network entity 100 may comprise processing circuitry (not shown) configured to perform, conduct, or initiate the various operations of the first network entity 100 described herein. The processing circuitry may comprise hardware and software. The hardware may comprise analog circuitry digital circuitry, or both analog and digital circuitry. The digital circuitry may comprise components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) , field-programmable arrays (FPGAs) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , or multi-purpose processors. The first network entity 100 may further comprise memory circuitry, which stores one or more instruction (s) that can be executed by the processor or by the processing circuitry, in particular under the control of the software. For instance, the memory circuitry may comprise a non-transitory storage medium storing executable software code which, when executed by the processor or the processing circuitry, causes the various operations of the first network entity 100 to be performed. In one embodiment, the processing circuitry comprises one or more processors and a non-transitory memory connected to one or more processors. The non-transitory memory may carry executable program code which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the first network entity 100 to perform, conduct, or initiate the operations or methods described herein.
[0152] The first network entity 100 is configured to receive one or more energy consumption reports 101 for a first time interval from each of one or more second network entities 200. In particular, each energy consumption report 101 is associated with a data session of a UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE. The first network entity 100 is configured to determine whether a total energy consumption across all data sessions of the UE exceeds a first threshold based on the one or more energy consumption reports 101. If the first threshold is exceeded, the first network entity 100 is further configured to determine a first traffic throttling instruction 102 based on the one or more energy consumption reports 101; and send the first traffic throttling instruction 102 to at least one of the second network entities 200. The first traffic throttling instruction 102 comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval.
[0153] The goal of the present disclosure is to propose new mechanisms for the instantaneous control of maximum energy consumption of a UE or subscriber and enhancements to existing functionalities to manage maximum energy credit limits more effectively.
[0154] Embodiments of the present application propose the following main features:
[0155] Feature #1: Energy Usage Policy Control –This feature defines the association of energy policy control data and energy policy configuration for energy usage monitoring, reporting, maximum energy consumption control or maximum energy credit control and energy enforcement-related instructions.
[0156] Feature #2: Energy Usage Monitoring –This feature defines how the network monitors the usage of energy consumption per PDU sessions per subscriber granularity as per energy usage report and as per policy provided (from Feature #1)
[0157] Feature #3: Energy Usage Measurement &Enforcement –This feature defines how the network can measure the energy consumption of PDU sessions per subscriber and perform the enforcement action to meet the maximum energy consumption and maximum energy credit limits of the UE.
[0158] FIG. 2 presents an example of an energy usage policy for the best-effort traffic of PDU sessions in UE granularity.
[0159] A subscriber (UE) is subjected to policy for energy usage (i.e., maximum energy consumption &total maximum energy credit limit) for the best-effort traffic (which requires no QoS requirements as per service level agreement (SLA) ) , for example:
[0160] · 20 Watts of maximum energy consumption limit for every 10 minutes.
[0161] · 600 Watts of maximum energy credit limit for every day (14.4 kWh) or 18 kilowatts for every 30 days.
[0162] The value of each parameter (i.e., maximum energy consumption limit and maximum energy credit limit) can be associated with the subscription plan. Alternatively, it can be associated and policed by the network or the service provider (e.g., AF) in a dynamic way. It is assumed that the network is able to monitor and provide the energy-related information to compute energy consumption in UE granularity, e.g., through Operations, Administration, and Maintenance (OAM) and (R) AN node.
[0163] The subscriber (UE) has established one or more PDU sessions for one or more services / applications associated with best-effort traffic as presented in FIG. 2. The one or more PDU sessions are usually associated with different network functions or network slices, hence, the energy usage measurement, control, and enforcement involve multiple control points. The energy usage measurement from multiple control points is instantaneously controlled and enforces the required actions according to the policy for energy usage. The policy for the energy usage (i.e., maximum energy consumption &total maximum energy credit limit) is counted for the RAN-related and UP-related energy consumption for the best-effort traffic of all PDU sessions in UE granularity.
[0164] FIG. 3 shows an energy usage control framework according to an embodiment of this disclosure. Three main components are introduced here:
[0165] Energy policy control function (EPCF) :
[0166] EPCF defines the policy information related to energy usage (i.e., maximum energy consumption and maximum energy credit limit) in subscriber (UE) granularity. The policy-related information includes energy usage-related policy control data and energy usage-related policy information. Based on the policy-related information, the network can associate energy-related policy for monitoring, reporting, and enforcement instructions. EPCF determines ESMBR based on the the energy usage reports from the one or more second network entities to restrict the maximum amount of traffic within these data Session (s) of the UE and thus, the maximum energy be consumed.
[0167] The EPCF may be identified as the first network entity 100 depicted in FIG. 1. Accordingly, “EPCF” and “the first network entity 100” are used interchangeably throughout the document.
[0168] Energy usage monitoring (EUM) :
[0169] EUM monitors the energy usage (i.e., maximum energy consumption and maximum energy credit limit) of a subscriber (UE) in PDU session granularity. One or more EUMs exist in the network to support the monitoring of energy usage per PDU session per subscriber according to the energy usage policy for monitoring provided by EPCF. Basically, EUM (i) provides energy usage-related reporting instructions to the EUME based on the received policy from the EPCF, (ii) performs counter-based energy usage measurement and (iii) provides counter-based status of energy usage reporting to the EPCF.
[0170] The EUM may be identified as the second network entity 200 depicted in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4. Accordingly, “EUM” and “the second network entity 200” are used interchangeably throughout the document. FIG. 4 shows a second network entity 200 for energy usage monitoring according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The second network entity 200 shown in FIG. 4 may be any of the second network entities depicted in FIG. 1.
[0171] The second network entity 200 is configured to send an energy consumption report 101 for a first time interval to a first network entity 100, wherein each energy consumption report 101 is associated with a data session of a UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE. The second network entity 200 is configured to receive a first traffic throttling instruction 102 from the first network entity 100, wherein the first traffic throttling instruction 102 comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval. The second network entity 200 is further configured to provide a second traffic throttling instruction 201 to a third network entity 300 for energy usage control enforcement, wherein the second traffic throttling instruction 201 comprises the energy usage control enforcement information for the at least one data session of the UE for the second time interval.
[0172] Energy usage measurement and enforcement (EUME) :
[0173] EUME supports the functionalities of energy usage-related information measurement and energy-based session enforcement actions. Based on the measurement and reporting instruction provided by the EUM, EUME measures and reports N4 session related or energy usage-related information of the best effort traffic associated with each PDU session of each subscriber (UE) to the EUM. The energy usage-related information may include the absolute energy consumption information or the required information to compute the energy consumption, e.g., the data volume of the best effort traffic of associated PDU session of the subscriber If the energy-based session enforcement instructions are received from EUM, EUME performs the enforcement actions to the respective PDU session (s) . The energy-based session enforcement instructions are forwarded to the EUME by EPCF (via EUM) .
[0174] The EUME may be identified as the third network entity 300 depicted in FIG. 4 or FIG. 5. Accordingly, “EUME” and “the third network entity 300” are used interchangeably throughout the document.
[0175] FIG. 5 shows a third network entity 300 for energy usage control enforcement according to an embodiment of the disclosure. The third network entity 300 shown in FIG. 5 may be the third network entity depicted in FIG. 4.
[0176] The third network entity 300 is configured to receive one or more second traffic throttling instructions 201 from one or more second network entities 200, wherein each second traffic throttling instruction 201 comprises energy usage control enforcement information for a second time interval; and execute the one or more second traffic throttling instructions 201.
[0177] The detailed functionalities of the three main components of FIG. 3 are discussed in the following sections.
[0178] I. Energy policy control functionalities supported by EPCF
[0179] For the subscribers subjected to energy usage control, the network needs to define the associated policy for maximum energy credit and maximum energy consumption for the subscriber. To support that EPCF defines policy-related information which includes energy usage-related policy control data and energy usage-related policy information. In particular, the policy control data and policy information are related to the maximum energy consumption and maximum energy credit limit. It is noted that the actual limit of maximum energy consumption for a specific time period and the maximum energy credit limit for another specific time period can differ from one subscriber to another subscriber, e.g., based on the business agreement between the subscriber and the provider.
[0180] For the subscriber subjected to energy usage control, the policy of maximum energy credit and maximum energy consumption is required to be associated during the session establishment of the subscriber.
[0181] Table 1 defines the energy policy control data as part of the subscription data required for the session management procedure.
[0182] .
[0183] Table 1: Energy usage-related policy control data
[0184] Table 2 defines the energy-related policy information to be associated with the session management procedure for energy usage monitoring and reporting.
[0185] Table 2: Energy usage-related policy information.
[0186] Table 3 defines the PCC rule with energy usage monitoring control information.
[0187] Table 3: Energy usage monitoring control as part of PCC rules.
[0188] It may be understood that the present disclosure further proposes a fourth network entity 400 for energy usage policy control. The fourth network entity may also be implemented at PCF as the first network entity 100. The fourth network entity 400 is configured to provide energy control policy configuration of a UE to one or more second network entities 200, wherein the energy control policy information comprises one or more of the following:
[0189] - one or more of PCC rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;
[0190] - a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE; and
[0191] - session-related configuration information for energy usage measurement, wherein the session-related configuration information indicates a first reporting period associated with the first time interval, and / or a second reporting period associated with the second time interval.
[0192] Optionally, the fourth network entity 400 is configured to provide the energy control policy configuration of the UE to the one or more second network entities 200 based on one of the following: an application request, subscription-related information, or a local policy.
[0193] Accordingly, the second network entity 200 as shown in FIG. 4 may be further configured to receive energy control policy configuration of the UE from the fourth network entity 400.
[0194] Optionally, the second network entity 200 may further provide to the first network entity 100 at least one of:
[0195] - the maximum energy consumption limit,
[0196] - an identifier of the UE, and
[0197] - an identifier of the data session.
[0198] Optionally, the second network entity 200 may further provide to the third network entity 300 at least one of:
[0199] - one or more of N4 rules with the session indication;
[0200] - the first reporting period;
[0201] - the second reporting period;
[0202] - an identifier of the UE, and
[0203] - an identifier of the data session.
[0204] II. Energy usage monitoring functionalities
[0205] The EUM (i) provides energy usage-related reporting instructions to the EUME based on the received policy from the EPCF and reports, (ii) performs counter-based energy usage measurement, (iii) provides counter-based status of energy usage reporting to the EPCF, and (iv) forwards energy-based session enforcement instructions to the EUME based on the received instructions from EPCF.
[0206] The main functionalities of EUMs include monitoring energy usage related to the maximum energy consumption limit over a specific time period and related to the maximum energy credit limit (i.e., total energy consumption) over another specific time period. A specific time period is a shorter time period (e.g., 10 minutes, 60 minutes) compared to another specific time period (e.g., 7 days, 30 days) .
[0207] FIG. 6 shows a network structure according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The network comprises network entities including EPCF, EUM#1, EUM#2, EUM#3, EUME, and RAN / OAM. EPCF is the first network entity 100 depicted in FIG. 1, EUM is the second network entity depicted 200 in FIG. 4, and EUME is the third network entity 300 depicted in FIG. 5. For monitoring energy usage, The EUMs perform the following operations:
[0208] 1. EUMs provide energy usage-related reporting instructions to the EUME based on the received policy from EPCF:
[0209] Each EUM receives the energy-related policy or instruction for monitoring and reporting from the EPCF. EUM interacts with the corresponding EUME and provides session-related instructions and / or information for the energy-related best-effort traffic detection and energy-related usage reporting during the session management procedure.
[0210] 2. EUMs perform (counter-based) energy usage measurement:
[0211] The usage of consumed energy for the best-effort traffic of the associated PDU session of UE is mainly considered for RAN and UP-related information. Each EUM receives the energy-related usage reports (e.g., data volume usage and / or energy consumption information) of the best-effort traffic of the associated PDU session per subscriber. The energy-related usage report can be provided by EUME and / or another network entity (e.g., OAM or (R) AN) . To monitor the status of energy usage, each EUM creates the policy counter for each energy parameter (i.e., maximum energy consumption and maximum energy credit) with the associated time period. The policy counter is created per PDU session per subscriber per time period. At each associated time period, the counter is updated with the initial settings. The initial setting of the counter is defined with the maximum value of the energy consumption, time period, and one or more threshold values. The threshold values are optionally defined for reporting purposes to the EPCF. The energy usage received from the EUME is added / updated to the corresponding counter. If the absolute energy consumption information is not provided, EUM computes and updates the absolute energy consumption information with the provided information by EUME and other network entities. Basically, the energy usage measurement of UE considers the energy consumption of UE at (R) AN and the energy consumption of UE at UP.
[0212] In particular, the energy usage measurement of UE can be calculated as below. EC(UE) =ECRAN (UE) +ECUP (UE) ,
[0213] where EC (UE) is the energy consumption of UE taking into consideration the energy consumption of UE at (R) AN (i.e., ECRAN (UE) ) and the energy consumption of UE at UP (i.e., ECUP (UE) ) . ECRAN (UE) = energy rate per bit @RAN*data volume of UE@RAN,
[0214] where energy rate per bit is the energy consumption of 1 bit which can be calculated with any form of accurate measurement or an average measurement over the total data volume of (R) AN node with the total consumed energy of (R) AN. Hence, ECRAN (UE) is achieved by multiplying the energy rate per bit with the total data volume of UE at (R)AN. ECUP (UE) = energy rate per bit @UPF*data volume of UE@UP,
[0215] where energy rate per bit is the energy consumption of 1 bit which can be calculated with any form of accurate measurement or an average measurement over the total data volume of UP node (e.g., UPF) with the total consumed energy of UP node (e.g., UPF) . Hence, ECUP (UE) is achieved by multiplying the energy rate per bit with the total data volume of UE at UP.
[0216] Based on this disclosure, it may be understood that the present application also proposes a fifth network entity 500 for energy usage information measurement. The fifth network entity 500 is configured to receive from one or more second network entities 200 at least one of:
[0217] - energy usage information request related to a third network entity 300 and / or a data session;
[0218] - a first reporting period associated with a first time interval;
[0219] - an identifier of a UE; and
[0220] - an identifier of a data session.
[0221] Optionally, the fifth network entity may be implemented at RAN, or OAM or NWDAF of the core network. In other words, the RAN / OAM shown in FIG. 6 may be the fifth network entity 500.
[0222] The energy consumption measurement procedure may be implemented in two possible options. FIG. 7 shows Option #1, where the energy-related information of UE (e.g., the absolute energy consumption or the estimated energy consumption rate and the data volume information) is provided by OAM indirectly. It is assumed that OAM collects the energy-related information from the corresponding (R) AN and UP entity per node and / or per UE granularity, based on that the required energy-related information per UE is provided.
[0223] FIG. 8 shows Option #2, where the energy-related information of UE (e.g., the absolute energy consumption or the estimated energy consumption rate and the data volume information) is provided directly by (R) AN and UP entity per node and / or per UE granularity.
[0224] In both options, the absolute energy consumption is calculated by a consumer NF (e.g., EUM) or directly provided by the other network entity. In the first case, the energy rate per bit information and the absolute data volume of UE at RAN and UP entity are provided by other network entities (e.g., (R) AN and / or OAM for RAN-related energy information and UPF and / or OAM and / or Analytics function for UP related energy information) , based on this information the absolute energy consumption of UE is carried out according to the above formulation by the consumer NF. In the latter case, the absolute energy consumption of UE is provided by the other network entity directly (e.g., according to the above formulation or by other means) . Then the consumer NF updates the corresponding energy counters per UE basis.
[0225] The energy counter related to the maximum energy consumption is updated. The measured or received value of consumed energy of UE related to the RAN and UP part is added to the current existing value of the corresponding energy counter.
[0226] The energy counter related to the total maximum energy consumption (i.e., maximum energy credit) is updated. It means the measured or received value of consumed energy of UE related to (R) AN and UP part are deducted from the allocated energy credits and are updated to the remaining maximum energy credit.
[0227] 3. EUMs provide counter-based status of energy usage reporting to the EPCF:
[0228] The status of the energy counter is reported to the EPCF on a regular or event basis. For the energy counter related to the maximum energy consumption, the report to the EPCF includes the consumed energy with timestamp information, the associated data volume, and the identifications of the provided entity. For the energy counter related to the maximum energy credit, the report to the EPCF includes the status of the energy counter including the information on remaining credits, the used credits with timestamp information, and the required identifications. The identifications include identification of EUM, PDU session identifications, subscriber identification (SUPI) , UP entity identification, (R) AN node identification, etc.
[0229] III. Energy usage measurement and enforcement functionalities
[0230] To control and enforce energy usage per PDU session or per UE granularity, EPCF interacts with EUM and EUME for the measurement reporting and enforcement instruction per PDU session or per UE granularity.
[0231] In this approach, a new solution mechanism, Energy Session Maximum Bit Rate (ESMBR) , is introduced to control the energy consumption per PDU session or per UE granularity. For each PDU Session of a UE, the ESMBR sets the maximum permitted bit rate for all associated best-effort traffic. This rate is determined and enforced instantaneously according to the maximum energy consumption limit, ensuring that energy usage remains within prescribed bounds while accommodating the dynamic needs of the network and its users.
[0232] Based on the direct relationship between the consumed energy and the amount of transmitted data, ESMBR is defined to limit the bitrate for energy consumption control. In other words, the consumed energy can be controlled if the amount of transmitted data rate is controlled. The ESMBR is determined at EPCF based on the periodic energy consumption reports by one or more EUMs. The energy consumption report includes the data volume transmitted and the associated consumed energy. If the aggregated consumed energy crosses the allowed maximum energy consumption over a specific time period, the next cycle or period is controlled by limiting with ESMBR. The ESMBR can be enforced on one or more PDU sessions of UE. Different mechanisms of enforcing ESMBR can be considered.
[0233] The ESMBR can be determined with the following formulations. The energy consumption of UE is subjected to maximum energy usage, ECMAX (i.e., maximum energy consumption or maximum energy credit) . This ECMAX is subjected to all traffic associated with PDU sessions of UEs controlled by EUMs together with EUME. For the sake of simplicity, each PDU session of UE controlled by each EUM is identified as i, and energy usage of i is identified as ECi, where i=1, ..., N, with #N EUMs. Every x time interval, for all i (EUM) , i=1, ..., N,
[0234] To determine ESBR, the energy consumption ratio (per PDU session) is required and identified as, For i=1, …, N, the energy consumption ratio (per PDU session) is expressed as
[0235] For each j=1, ..., N, the energy consumption limit is defined with respect to ECMAX and the energy consumption of other i=1, ..., N, where i≠j.
[0236] For the next x time interval, the ESBR is computed as ESBR (per PDU sessionj) =ECj*Rj,
[0237] where Rj can be defined as max (Ri) or avg (Ri) . If Rj is defined as max (Ri) , the ESBR is enforced to the traffic of the PDU session handled by the EUM with the worst energy consumption ratio. If Rj is defined as avg (Ri) , the ESBR is enforced on the traffic of all PDU sessions handled by the EUMs.
[0238] FIG. 9 shows an example scenario of interactions among EPCF, EUM, and EUME for energy usage control. In this example, a UE is subjected to the maximum energy consumption limit (e.g., 20 W for every 10 minutes) . The UE has established 3 data sessions (i.e., PDU session) that are served by 3 EUMs (e.g., SMFs) and 2 EUMEs (e.g., UPFs) . Each EUM monitors energy usage information at UE’s data session level and reports energy usage information (i.e., the transferred data volume and the consumed energy) to the EPCF (e.g., CHF) periodically. Based on the reports from EUMs, EPCF instantly checks whether the threshold (i.e., maximum energy consumption limit) is exceeded or not. Is so, EPCF determines Energy Session Maximum Bit Rate (ESMBR) to particular dat session (s) for the next time interval “x” to control the maximum energy consumption limit instantly. The ESMBR is provided to specific EUME (s) via their associated EUM (s) to throttle traffic at particular data session (s) of the UE.
[0239] The UE’s traffic that is subject to maximum energy consumption control is the best effort-traffic (e.g., non-GBR traffic) associated with specific QoS flows or the whole data Session. The energy usage information of the UE (i.e., the transferred data volume and the consumed energy) is only counted for this traffic subject to energy consumption control. In other words, certain services of the UE (e.g. GBR traffic or certain non-GBR based operator services) are excluded from the throttling and should therefore also not be counted for the energy consumption control.
[0240] 1. Every EUM reports energy usage per UE‘s PDU Session including the information on data volume and consumed energy. For example, EUM #1, EUM #2, and EUM#3 report the consumed energy of 10W for 100MB, 5W for 200MB and 10W for 300MB, respectively. The reporting periodicity is determined based on the period defined (i.e., 10 minutes) .
[0241] 2. EPCF checks whether the maximum instantaneous energy consumption is reached. In this example, the aggregated energy consumption at all PDU sessions exceeded the maximum allowed energy consumption (i.e., 10 W + 5 W + 10 W > 20 W) .
[0242] 3. In the case of exceeding the limit, the required control and enforcement action is required. In order to control the limit, EUPF calculates the energy consumption ratio, e.g., 10 MB / W, 40 MB / W, and 30 MB / W for EUM #1, EUM#2, and EUM #3, respectively, based on the reports received in step 1.
[0243] 4. EUPF determines ESMBR and provides traffic throttling instructions to one or more EUM(s) . For instance, a potential enforcing mechanism is to provide traffic throttling instructions to the EUM (s) with the worst energy consumption ratio. In this example, EUM #1 has the worst energy consumption ratio, hence, EUPF determines ESMBR for EUM #1 (i.e., 50 MB / x mins) . The details of how to determine the ESMBR are presented in a later part of this application. The value of x is dependent on the specific time period associated with the maximum energy consumption limit. For example, based on the time interval in which the energy consumption information is updated, e.g., for NFs by OAM (i.e., x time interval) , the interaction between EUMs and EUPE is considered every x minutes. Then ESMBR is sent to the EUME via EUMs.
[0244] 5. EUMs apply traffic throttling instruction to EUME for the next time interval if provided by EUPF for the corresponding PDU session (s) . For example, EUPF provides ESMBR to EUM #1 with the value of 50 MB / x mins for the associated PDU session of UE.
[0245] 6. Based on the instruction, EUME enforces ESMBR provided by EUM (s) to the associated PDU sessions for the next time interval. In other words, traffic associated with one or more PDU sessions of UE and subject to the energy consumption limit is throttled according to the ESMBR determined by the EPCF.
[0246] According to an embodiment of this disclosure, the energy usage control enforcement information included in the instruction may comprise at least one of:
[0247] - a maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,
[0248] - an indication for activation of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,
[0249] - an indication for adjustment of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, or
[0250] - an indication for removal of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE.
[0251] FIG. 10 shows another example scenario of interactions among EPCF, EUM, and EUME for energy usage control. In this example, a UE is subjected to the total maximum energy consumption (i.e., maximum energy credit limit) , e.g., kilowatts for a specific time interval. The UE is established with one or more PDU sessions which are subjected to maximum energy credit control. Each PDU session and associated energy credit is handled by different EUMs.
[0252] 1. EPCF allocates initial energy credits (e.g., kilowatts) to every EUM to control best-effort traffic per UE ‘sPDU Session related to the consumed energy.
[0253] 2. EUMs start usage monitoring of energy consumption to the traffic per UE ‘sPDU Session consumed energy and update the balance of allocated credit.
[0254] 3. EUM deducts the consumed energy from the allocated energy credits.
[0255] 4. Every EUM reports the status of energy credits to EPCF, e.g., periodically and thresholds are crossed.
[0256] 5. EPCF calculates the energy credits balance and updates the energy credits to EUMs if necessary.
[0257] 6. When total maximum energy credits are about to be consumed (e.g., 80%are consumed) , EPCF provides traffic throttling instructions to all EUMs for all PDU sessions of UE. The traffic throttling instructions mean EPCF determines EMBS (e.g., X MB / y mins) to the traffic of all PDU sessions of UE for the remaining credits.
[0258] Based on the remaining energy credits and remaining time interval, the energy session energy maximum bit rate is distributed to the EUMs (e.g., by equal distribution) . Unused energy credits will be updated in the next time interval and new traffic throttling instructions will be provided to the EUME (s) via EUMs.
[0259] 7. EUMs apply traffic throttling instructions to EUME (s) for the next time interval.
[0260] 8. Based on the instruction, EUME enforces ESMBR provided by EUM (s) to the associated PDU session (s) of UE for the next time interval. In other words, traffic associated with one or more PDU sessions of UE and subject to the energy consumption limit is throttled according to the ESMBR determined by the EPCF.
[0261] FIG. 11 illustrates the enhancement of SM policy association establishment procedure with Energy policy per UE, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0262] This embodiment is related to the defining of energy policy information and energy policy association during the PDU session establishment procedure. In this embodiment, SMF is hosting the functionalities of EUM, and PCF and CHF are hosting the functionalities of EPCF. The enhancement of the SM policy association services is required to support the highlighted information.
[0263] In step 1, during the SM policy association request from SMF to PCF, SMF indicates that UE’s PDU session is subjected to energy usage control.
[0264] In step 2, based on the indication provided in step 1, the PCF interacts with UDR / UDM to get energy policy control data of UE, which is available as part of the subscription data.
[0265] In step 3, CHF also provides the initial energy credit limit so that SMF is able to create an energy counter for the corresponding traffic.
[0266] In step 4, PCF makes policy decisions.
[0267] In step 5, in the Npcf_SMPolicyContorl_create response message, PCF provides energy policy information so that SMF performs monitoring of the energy usage and associated reporting rules can be defined.
[0268] FIG. 12 illustrates the enhancement of SMF, UPF, and CHF with subscriber maximum energy consumption usage control and enforcement functionalities, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0269] In this embodiment, SMF hosts the functionalities of EUM whereas UPF hosts the functionalities of EUME. The CHF hosts EPCF to determine ESMBR to control and enforce the maximum energy consumption of UE at PDU session granularity.
[0270] The session management procedure is enhanced with subscriber energy control and enforcement mechanism, in particular, the ESMBR is determined to control the allowed maximum energy consumption per UE by adjusting the energy consumption at UE’s PUD session (s) .
[0271] SMF hosting EUM receives the energy-related information of the UE from (R) AN and UPF per UE or per PDU session granularity. Based on the received information, each SMF computes energy consumption per PDU session per UE. This information is reported to the CHF hosting EPCF periodically.
[0272] CHF hosting EPCF checks whether the status of maximum energy consumption is reached or not based on the UE’s PDU session-based energy consumption information provided by one or more SMFs hosting EUM functionalities. If the aggregated energy consumption for a specific time interval exceeds or is about to exceed the maximum limit, the CHF hosting EPCF determines ESMBR for the particular PDU session of UE. The determination of the ESMBR is the same as discussed in the previous embodiments.
[0273] The determined ESMBR (s) to one or more PDU sessions are sent to the one or more corresponding SMF hosting EUM functionalities as traffic throttling instructions. The SMF hosting EUM functionalities forwards the instruction for the corresponding PDU Sessions (e.g., PDU session ID) to the UPF hosting EUME functionalities. Based on the received request, the data plane traffic is controlled to limit the maximum energy consumption in UE granularity.
[0274] FIG. 13 illustrates the enhancement of SMF, UPF, and CHF with subscriber maximum energy credit usage control and enforcement functionalities, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0275] In this embodiment, SMF hosts the functionalities of EUM whereas UPF hosts the functionalities of EUME and the CHF hosts EPCF to control and enforce the maximum energy credit of UE. The following highlights the principle of the solutions.
[0276] The CHF hosting the functionalities of EPCF allocated the initial energy credit of UE to the control points (i.e., SMFs hosting EUMs) . The initial credit is associated with the PDU session establishment. Based on the allocated credit and the associated time interval, each SMF monitors the energy consumption per PDU session per UE and updates the status of the credit counter. Basically, the energy credit counter is deducted according to the consumed energy. The status of the energy credit counter is reported periodically and event-based (e.g., thresholds crossed events) to the CHF by SMFs. Regularly or when the event is triggered, the CHF checks the status of total maximum energy consumption (i.e., max. energy credit) and distributes or updates the remaining energy credits To the required or corresponding SMF (s) .
[0277] When the thresholds of UE’s maximum energy credit limit are crossed (e.g., 80%of energy credit is used up) , the EPCF determines to throttle the corresponding traffic of the UE.Then the same steps 6-8 from FIG. 10 are applied.
[0278] FIG. 14 shows a procedure for instantaneous maximum energy consumption control and enforcement, according to an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0279] In this embodiment, SMFs host the functionalities of EUM whereas UPF hosts the functionalities of EUME and the CHF hosts EPCF to control and enforce the maximum energy consumption of UE. In particular, SMF, UPF, and CHF host the following functionalities.
[0280] SMF: Monitor energy usage information at the PDU session level and report energy usage information to the CHF; forward traffic throttling instruction provided by CHF to the UPF; new or enhanced service operations to support energy usage information monitoring and reporting.
[0281] CHF: Control the maximum instantaneous energy consumption at UE granularity and determine ESMBR to the particular PDU session (s) of UE based on periodic energy usage information reports by SMFs and the enforcement of the maximum instantaneous energy consumption of UE.
[0282] UPF: The enforcement of ESMBR to the particular PDU session (s) of UE based on the instructions provided by CHF (via SMF) .
[0283] The following highlights the principle of the solutions.
[0284] - The UE subscription can indicate that the UE is subject to the maximum energy consumption control in a specific period of time or space (e.g., as defined in TS22.261) .
[0285] - Maximum energy consumption control is applied for its best-effort traffic (e.g., non-GBR traffic) that is identified by specific PCC rules or the whole PDU Session traffic. Every PCC rule can contain an indication that it is subject to maximum energy consumption control and the PDU Session related policy information is extended by information about the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE and the measurement interval.
[0286] - Based on the maximum energy consumption control related information provided by PCF, the SMF configures N4 rules at the UPF. The SMF is also interacting with the CHF to request maximum energy consumption control for the PDU session of the UE while forwarding the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE and the measurement interval.
[0287] - The consumed energy for the respective best-effort traffic at PDU sessions of UE is monitored by SMFs is instantly controlled by CHF according to the maximum energy consumption limit.
[0288] - ESMBR is introduced to control respective best-effort traffic of respective PDU session (s) of UE and is determined by CHF based on energy usage information by SMFs. The CHF calculates appropriate ESMBR values from the previous reporting time interval and the maximum instantaneous energy consumption limit of UE.
[0289] - The enforcement of ESMBR to the particular best-effort traffic of respective PDU session (s) of UE is performed by CHF and UPF (via SMF) .
[0290] In particular, for a UE subject to a maximum energy consumption limit in a specific period of time or space (e.g., 20W limit for each busy hour) the instantaneous control of maximum energy consumption of EU for its best-effort traffic (e.g., non-GBR traffic) that is identified by the specific PCC rules or the whole PDU sessions traffic of the UE is performed as follows:
[0291] 1. During the PDU session establishment procedure as defined in TS23.502, PCF checks if the UE is subject to maximum energy consumption control, e.g., based on the subscription data with UDR / UDM or local policy. If so, PCF the policy related to the maximum energy consumption at each SMF during the SM policy association procedure as defined in Clause 4.16.4 of TS23.502. The SMF may interacts with PCF, and CHF to receive PDU session-related energy policy information, e.g., energy consumption usage monitoring control-related information. For example, PCF provides PCC rules containing an indication that it is subject to maximum energy consumption control and the PDU session related policy information containing the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE and the measurement interval to the SMF.
[0292] 2. Based on the received energy policy configuration information, SMF configures N4 rules at the UPF. The N4 rules include the indication of data volume reporting and subject to ESMBR enforcement to the UE’s traffic that is subject to maximum energy consumption control. The SMF is also interacting with the CHF to request maximum energy consumption control for the PDU session of the UE while forwarding the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE and the measurement interval.
[0293] 3. Each SMF receives energy usage for the best-effort traffic (e.g., non-GBR traffic) associated with specific QoS flows or the whole PDU session of the UE (e.g., from RAN and UPF, e.g., based on the notifications to the subscription request by the SMF) .
[0294] 4. The SMF calculates the energy usage of the best-effort traffic (e.g., non-GBR) associated with specific QoS flow or the whole PDU Session of the UE by monitoring the energy usage of the UE. The SMF calculate the energy usage usage of the best-effort traffic (e.g., from RAN and UPF) to the corresponding PDU Session of the UE at every specific period of time (e.g., 10 minutes) .
[0295] 5. When the event notification to the CHF is met, each SMF notifies the energy usage information to the CHF. The energy usage information includes UE identification, PDU session id, energy consumption, timestamp, and the associated transferred data volume.
[0296] 6. Based on the energy usage reports from SMFs calculated for the previous reporting time interval, CHF checks whether the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE is exceeded. If the consumed energy is reached or exceeded the limit of the UE, based on the previous reporting time interval and the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE, CHF determines ESMBR represented by the maximum allowed data volume with the associated time interval (e.g., the time interval is equivalent to the next reporting time interval) for particular PDU session (s) , e.g., to the PDU session of the SMF (s) with the worst energy consumption ratio. CHF also checks the current and the previous consumed energy of the UE if the ESMBR to the particular PDU session (s) needs to be adjusted or to be removed.
[0297] If the consumed energy is reached or exceeded the maximum energy consumption limit of the UE or the adjustment of the ESMBR or removal of ESMBR is required, the following steps shall be performed for the next reporting time interval. Notably, the reporting time interval shall be smaller than the specific period of time associated with the maximum energy consumption limit. For example, the reporting time interval is the time interval in which the energy usage report is updated.
[0298] 7. CHF provides to the SMF (s) (e.g., PDU session managed by the SMF with the worst energy consumption ratio) traffic throttling instructions including the indication of activate or adjust or remove ESMBR for the particular PDU session of the UE. The message includes UE identification, PDU session ID, and ESMBR represented by the maximum allowed data volume with the associated time interval (e.g., the time interval is equivalent to the next reporting time interval) .
[0299] 8. Based on the received instructions from CHF, SMF interacts with the corresponding UPF and provides the traffic throttling instruction for the particular PDU session enforcement. If the instruction is to activate or adjust ESMBR, the message includes Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) session id and ESMBR represented by the maximum allowed data volume with the associated time interval (e.g., the time interval is equivalent to the next reporting time interval) . If the instruction is to remove the existing ESMBR control, the message includes PFCP session id and indication of removing the ESMBR control to the associated PDU session of the UE.
[0300] 9. UPF applies the traffic throttling instruction (i.e., apply ESMBR or remove ESMBR) to the corresponding traffic of the particular PDU session of the UE.
[0301] FIG. 15 illustrates a procedure for subscriber’s energy credit control according to an embodiment of this disclosure.
[0302] In this embodiment, SMFs host the functionalities of EUM whereas UPF hosts the functionalities of EUME and the CHF hosts EPCF to control and enforce the maximum energy credit limit of UE. In particular, SMF, UPF, and CHF host the following functionalities.
[0303] SMF: Monitor energy usage information at the PDU session level and report energy usage information to the CHF; control energy credit of UE; forward traffic throttling instruction provided by CHF to the UPF; new or enhanced service operations to support energy usage information monitoring and reporting.
[0304] CHF: Control and manage the energy credit of UE; determines ESMBR to PDU session (s) of UE when the status of maximum energy credit limit is reached to a certain threshold; enhanced service operations to support initial and updated energy credits.
[0305] UPF: The enforcement of ESMBR to the particular PDU session (s) of UE based on the instructions provided by CHF (via SMF) .
[0306] The following highlights the principle of the solution:
[0307] - UE is subject to the subscription policy for a maximum energy credit limit (e.g., as defined in TS22.261) .
[0308] - The granularity of the subscription policy is applied to the PDU sessions of UE associated with the best-effort traffic (e.g., non-GBR traffic) .
[0309] - The enhancement of traditional credit control is considered for the energy credit control.
[0310] - When the status of the maximum energy credit limit is reached to a certain threshold (e.g., 80%of energy credit is used) , traffic throttling instructions (e.g., ESMBR) are applied to the PDU sessions of the UE.
[0311] For a UE subject to maximum energy credit limit (e.g., in kilowatt-hours) the energy credit control at the PDU sessions of the UE associated with the best-effort traffic (e.g., non-GBR traffic) is performed as follows:
[0312] 1. To control the energy credit of the UE, the policy related to the maximum energy credit is associated at each SMF during the SM policy association procedure (e.g., as defined in Clause 4.16.4 of TS23.502) . The SMF interacts with PCF, and CHF to receive PDU session-related energy policy information, e.g., energy credit monitoring control-related information and the initial energy credit.
[0313] 2. Based on the received energy policy configuration information, SMF configures N4 rules at the UPF. The N4 rules include the indication of data volume reporting and subject to maximum energy credit control. The SMF may interact with the CHF to request maximum energy credit control for the PDU session of the UE while forwarding the maximum energy credit limit of the UE and the measurement interval.
[0314] 3. Each SMF receives energy usage reports for the PDU session of the UE from RAN and UPF, e.g., based on the notifications to the subscription request by the SMF.
[0315] 4. Each SMF monitors the energy usage of the UE. The SMF calculates the reported energy usage from RAN and UPF to the corresponding PDU Session of the UE and updates the remaining energy credit (i.e., deduct the consumed energy against the provided credit limit) .
[0316] 5. When the event notification to the CHF is met, each SMF notifies the status of the remaining credit information to the CHF. The message includes UE identification, PDU session ID, energy consumption information and associated timestamp, data volume, and the remaining credit information.
[0317] 6. The CHF checks the status of the maximum energy credit based on the reported status of the provided and remaining energy credit at SMFs and provides the updated energy credit to SMFs if the remaining balance is enough.
[0318] 7. SMF updates the new energy credit over the previously provided energy credit.
[0319] 8. CHF checks the remining energy credit balance and determines traffic throttling instructions (e.g., ESMBR) to the PDU sessions of the UE when the status of maximum energy credit limit is reached to a certain threshold (e.g., 80%of energy credit is used) .
[0320] If the consumed energy is reached or crossed the limit, the following steps shall be performed for the next reporting time interval. It may be noted that the reporting time interval is the time interval in which the energy usage report is updated.
[0321] 9. CHF provides to the SMF (s) (e.g., PDU session managed by the SMF with the worst energy consumption ratio) traffic throttling instructions. The message includes UE identification, PDU session ID, and ESMBR represented by the maximum allowed data volume with the associated time interval (e.g., the time interval is equivalent to the next reporting time interval) .
[0322] 10. Based on the received instructions from CHF, SMF interacts with the corresponding UPF and provides the traffic throttling instruction for the particular PDU session enforcement. The message includes PDU session ID and ESMBR represented by the maximum allowed data volume with the associated time interval (e.g., the time interval is equivalent to the next reporting time interval) .
[0323] 11. UPF applies the ESMBR to the corresponding traffic of the particular PDU session.
[0324] FIG. 16 shows an architecture overview according to an embodiment of this disclosure. In this embodiment, it may be understood that energy usage control and enforcement involves three stages. The 1st entity depicted in FIG. 16 may be the first network entity 100 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, or FIG. 6. The 2nd entity depicted in FIG. 16 may be the second network entity 200 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, or FIG. 6. The 3rd entity depicted in FIG. 16 may be the third network entity 300 shown in one of FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, or FIG. 6. The 4th entity depicted in FIG. 16 may be the fourth network entity 400 shown in FIG. 6. The 5th entity depicted in FIG. 16 may be the fifth network entity 500 shown in FIG. 6.
[0325] In the first stage, in step 1a, the second network entity 200 (i.e., SMF) obtains energy control policy configuration from the fourth network entity 400 (i.e., PCF) ; in step 1b, the second network entity 200 provides energy usage measurement, reporting and enforcement configuration to the third network entity 300 (i.e., UPF) ; in step 1c, the second network entity 200 provides energy usage report information request to the fifth network entity 500 (i.e., RAN / OAM / NWDAF) ; and in step 1d, the second network entity 200 provides the maximum energy consumption limit of UE to the first network entity 100 (i.e., CHF) . Note that the energy usage report information request in step 1c includes UE ID, PDU session ID and reporting information. In step 1d, when the the first network entity 100 (i.e., CHF) received the maximum energy consumption limit of UE including UE ID and session related ID, the CHF associates the UE with corresponding PDU sessions for the new UE or updates the association of the UE with new PDU sessions for maximum energy consumption control for the next time interval.
[0326] In the second stage, in step 2a, the second network entity 200 receives usage reports (e.g., data volume) from the third network entity 300, and receives usage reports or energy consumption reports from the fifth network entity 500; and in step 2b, the second network entity 200 provides energy consumption report (data volume + energy usage) to the first network entity 100.
[0327] In the third stage, in step 3a, the second network entity 200 receives ESMBR control instructions from the first network entity 100, and in step 3b, the second network entity 200 provides the ESMBR control instructions to the third network entity 300.
[0328] FIG. 17 shows a method 1700 according to an embodiment of the disclosure, particularly for energy usage control. In a particular embodiment, the method 1700 is performed by the first network entity 100 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16. The method 1700 comprises a step 1701 of receiving one or more energy consumption reports 101 for a first time interval from each of one or more second network entities 200, wherein each energy consumption report 101 is associated with a data session of a UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE; a step 1702 of determining whether a total energy consumption across all data sessions of the UE exceeds a first threshold based on the one or more energy consumption reports 101; a step 1703 of if the first threshold is exceeded, determining a first traffic throttling instruction 102 based on the one or more energy consumption reports 101; and a step 1704 of sending the first traffic throttling instruction 102 to at least one of the second network entities, wherein the first traffic throttling instruction 102 comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval. Possibly, any of the one or more second network entities may be the second network entity 200 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16.
[0329] FIG. 18 shows a method 1800 according to an embodiment of the disclosure, particularly for energy usage monitoring. In a particular embodiment, the method 1800 is performed by the second network entity 200 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16. The method 1800 comprises a step 1801 of sending an energy consumption report 101 for a first time interval to a first network entity 100, wherein each energy consumption report 101 is associated with a data session of a UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE; a step 1802 of receiving a first traffic throttling instruction 102 from the first network entity 100, wherein the first traffic throttling instruction 102 comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval; and a step 1803 of providing a second traffic throttling instruction 201 to a third network entity 300 for energy usage control enforcement, wherein the second traffic throttling instruction 201 comprises the energy usage control enforcement information for the at least one data session of the UE for the second time interval. Possibly, the first network entity 100 may be the first network device 100 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16. The third network entity 300 may be the third network device 300 shown in one of FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16.
[0330] FIG. 19 shows a method 1900 according to an embodiment of the disclosure, particularly for energy usage control enforcement. In a particular embodiment, the method 1900 is performed by the third network entity 300 shown in one of FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16. The method 1900 comprises a step 1901 of receiving one or more second traffic throttling instructions 201 from one or more second network entities 200, wherein each second traffic throttling instruction 201 comprises second energy usage control enforcement information for a second time interval; and a step 1902 of executing the one or more second traffic throttling instructions 201. Possibly, the second network entity 200 may be the the second network entity 200 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16.
[0331] FIG. 20 shows a method 2000 according to an embodiment of the disclosure, particularly for energy usage policy control. In a particular embodiment, the method 2000 is performed by the fourth network entity 400 shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 16. The method 2000 comprises a step 2001 of providing energy control policy configuration of a UE, to one or more second network entities 200, wherein the energy control policy information comprises one or more of the following:
[0332] - one or more of PCC rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;
[0333] - a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE; and
[0334] - session-related configuration information for energy usage measurement, wherein the session-related configuration information indicates a first reporting period associated with the first time interval, and / or a second reporting period associated with the second time interval.
[0335] Possibly, the second network entity 200 may be the second network entity 200 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16.
[0336] FIG. 21 shows a method 2100 according to an embodiment of the disclosure, particularly for energy usage information measurement. In a particular embodiment, the method 2100 is performed by the fifth network entity 500 shown in FIG. 6 or FIG. 16. The method 2100 comprises a step 2101 of receiving from one or more second network entities 200 at least one of:
[0337] - energy usage information request related to a third network entity 300 and / or a data session;
[0338] - a first reporting period associated with a first time interval;
[0339] - an identifier of a UE; and
[0340] - an identifier of a data session.
[0341] Possibly, the second network entity 200 may be the second network entity 200 shown in one of FIG. 1, FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16. The third network entity 300 may be the third network device 300 shown in one of FIG. 3, FIG. 4, FIG. 5, FIG. 6, or FIG. 16.
[0342] To summarize, embodiments of the present application propose subscriber energy usage control by ESMBR mechanism, which limits the traffic volume of particular PDU sessions of UE over a specific time interval to control the maximum energy consumption limit. This mechanism allows the network instantaneous control of the maximum energy consumption limit. This disclosure presents a scalable solution that accommodates multiple control and enforcement points, thereby facilitating efficient, scalable, and rapid enforcement actions for managing energy usage limits. Embodiments of the present application also propose an energy usage control and enforcement framework, which provides a flexible and reusable solution for the network to control energy usage in PDU sessions and UE granularity.
[0343] The present disclosure has been described in conjunction with various embodiments as examples as well as implementations. However, other variations can be understood and effected by those persons skilled in the art and practicing the claimed embodiments of the disclosure, from the studies of the drawings, this disclosure, and the independent claims. In the claims as well as in the description the word “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps and the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude a plurality. A single element or other unit may fulfill the functions of several entities or items recited in the claims. The mere fact that certain measures are recited in the mutually different dependent claims does not indicate that a combination of these measures cannot be used in an advantageous implementation.
[0344] Furthermore, any method according to embodiments of the disclosure may be implemented in a computer program, having code means, which when run by processing means causes the processing means to execute the steps of the method. The computer program is included in a computer-readable medium of a computer program product. The computer-readable medium may comprise essentially any memory, such as a ROM (Read-Only Memory) , a PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) , an EPROM (Erasable PROM) , a Flash memory, an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM) , or a hard disk drive.
[0345] Moreover, it is realized by the skilled person that embodiments of the proposed network entities comprise the necessary communication capabilities in the form of e.g., functions, means, units, elements, etc., for performing the solution. Examples of other such means, units, elements, and functions are processors, memory, buffers, control logic, encoders, decoders, rate matchers, de-rate matchers, mapping units, multipliers, decision units, selecting units, switches, interleavers, de-interleavers, modulators, demodulators, inputs, outputs, antennas, amplifiers, receiver units, transmitter units, DSPs, trellis-coded modulation (TCM) encoder, TCM decoder, power supply units, power feeders, communication interfaces, communication protocols, etc. which are suitably arranged together for performing the solution.
[0346] Especially, the processor (s) of the proposed network entities may comprise, e.g., one or more instances of a Central Processing Unit (CPU) , a processing unit, a processing circuit, a processor, an ASIC, a microprocessor, or other processing logic that may interpret and execute instructions. The expression “processor” may thus represent a processing circuitry comprising a plurality of processing circuits, such as, e.g., any, some, or all of the ones mentioned above. The processing circuitry may further perform data processing functions for inputting, outputting, and processing of data comprising data buffering and device control functions, such as call processing control, user interface control, or the like.
Claims
1.A first network entity (100) for energy usage control, configured to:receive one or more energy consumption reports (101) for a first time interval from each of one or more second network entities (200) , wherein each energy consumption report (101) is associated with a data session of a user equipment, UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE;determine whether a total energy consumption across all data sessions of the UE exceeds a first threshold based on the one or more energy consumption reports (101) ;if the first threshold is exceeded, determine a first traffic throttling instruction (102) based on the one or more energy consumption reports (101) ; andsend the first traffic throttling instruction (102) to at least one of the second network entities (200) , wherein the first traffic throttling instruction (102) comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval.2.The first network entity (100) according to claim 1, wherein the information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE comprises a transferred data volume and a consumed energy of the data session from each of one or more second network entities (200) consumed within the first time interval.3.The first network entity (100) according to claim 1, configured to:calculate the total energy consumption across all data sessions of the UE by aggregating the consumed energy of all data sessions from the one or more second network entities (200) within the first time interval.4.The first network entity (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 3, configured to:calculate an energy consumption ratio for each of the one or more second network entities (200) based on the data volume and the consumed energy of the data session from each of one or more second network entities (200) included in the one or more energy consumption report;determine at least one data session of a second network entity from the one or more second network entities (200) under consideration of their energy consumption ratios;determine the first traffic throttling instruction (102) based on the one or more energy consumption reports (101) , and / or the calculated energy consumption ratios; andsend the first traffic throttling instruction (102) to the determined at least one second network entity (200) if the first threshold is exceeded, wherein the first threshold is a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE.5.The first network entity (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 4, configured to:receive one or more updated energy consumption reports (101’) from each of one or more second network entities (200) ; anddetermine whether to adjust or remove the first traffic throttling instruction (102) based on the one or more updated energy consumption reports (101’) .6.The first network entity (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 5, wherein the energy usage control enforcement information comprises a maximum allowed bit rate for at least one data session of the UE.7.The first network entity (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 6, configured to:receive from the one or more second network entities (200) one or more of the following:- a maximum energy consumption limit,- an identifier of the UE, and- an identifier of the data session.8.The first network entity (100) according to one of the claims 1 to 7, wherein the first network entity (100) is implemented in a policy control function and / or a charging function of a core network.9.A second network entity (200) for energy usage monitoring, configured to:send an energy consumption report (101) for a first time interval to a first network entity (100) , wherein each energy consumption report (101) is associated with a data session of a user equipment, UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE;receive a first traffic throttling instruction (102) from the first network entity (100) , wherein the first traffic throttling instruction (102) comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval; andprovide a second traffic throttling instruction (201) to a third network entity (300) for energy usage control enforcement, wherein the second traffic throttling instruction comprises the energy usage control enforcement information for the at least one data session of the UE for the second time interval.10.The second network entity (200) according to claim 9, configured to:obtain one or more usage reports for one or more data sessions of the UE, from a third network entity (300) and / or a fifth network entity or other network entities, wherein each usage report comprises one or more of: a transferred data volume of the data session of the UE, a consumed energy of the data session of the UE consumed at an access network device and / or at a user plane within the first time interval, and / or energy usage information; andcalculate the energy consumption of the data session of the UE based on the obtained one or more usage reports.11.The second network entity (200) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the energy usage control enforcement information comprises at least one of:a maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,an indication for activation of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,an indication for adjustment of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, oran indication for removal of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE.12.The second network entity (200) according to one of the claims 9 to 11, configured to:receive energy control policy configuration of the UE from a fourth network entity, wherein the energy control policy information comprises one or more of the following:- one or more of policy control configuration rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;- a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE; and- session-related configuration information for energy usage measurement, wherein the session-related configuration information indicates a first reporting period associated with the first time interval, and / or a second reporting period associated with the second time interval.13.The second network entity (200) according to claim 12, configured to:provide to the first network entity (100) at least one of:- the maximum energy consumption limit,- an identifier of the UE, and- an identifier of the data session.14.The second network entity (200) according to claim 12 or 13, configured to:provide to the third network entity (300) at least one of:- one or more of N4 rules with the session indication;- the first reporting period;- the second reporting period;- an identifier of the UE, and- an identifier of the data session.15.The second network entity (200) according to one of the claims 12 to 14, configured to:provide to a fifth network entity at least one of:- energy usage information request related to the third network entity (300) and / or a data session;- the first reporting period;- an identifier of the UE, and- an identifier of the data session.16.The second network entity (200) according to one of the claims 9 to 15, wherein the second network entity (200) is implemented in a session management function of a core network.17.A third network entity (300) for energy usage control enforcement, configured to:receive one or more second traffic throttling instructions (201) from one or more second network entities (200) , wherein each second traffic throttling instruction comprises energy usage control enforcement information for a second time interval; andexecute the one or more second traffic throttling instructions (201) .18.The third network entity (300) according to claim 17, wherein the energy usage control enforcement information indicates at least one of the following:a maximum allowed bit rate for at least one data session of the UE,an indication for activation of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,an indication for adjustment of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, oran indication for removal of the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE,wherein the third network entity (300) is further configured to:activate the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, and / oradjust the maximum allowed bit rate of the at least one data session of the UE, and / orremove the maximum allowed bit rate of the at least one data session of the UE,based on the energy usage control enforcement information.19.The third network entity (300) according to claim 17 or 18, configured to:continue to activate the maximum allowed bit rate for the at least one data session of the UE, if no updated second traffic throttling instruction (201) is received.20.The third network entity (300) according to one of the claims 17 to 19, configured to:receive one or more usage report requests from the one or more second network entities (200) , wherein each usage report request comprises one or more of: an identifier of the UE, an identifier of the data session, usage measurement, reporting configuration information, and reporting information; andprovide one or more usage reports to the one or more second network entities (200) for one or more data sessions of the UE, wherein each usage report comprises a transferred data volume of the data session of the UE at a user plane, and / or a consumed energy related to the data session of the UE consumed at the user plane within a first time interval.21.The third network entity (300) according to one of the claims 17 to 20, configured to:receive from the one or more second network entities (200) one or more of the following:- one or more of N4 rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;- a first reporting period associated with the first time interval;- a second reporting period associated with the second time interval;- an identifier of the UE, and- an identifier of the data session.22.The third network entity (300) according to one of the claims 17 to 21, wherein the third network entity (300) is implemented in a user plane function.23.A fourth network entity (400) for energy usage policy control, configured to:provide energy control policy configuration of a user equipment, UE, to one or more second network entities (200) , wherein the energy control policy information comprises one or more of the following:- one or more of policy control configuration rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;- a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE; and- session-related configuration information for energy usage measurement, wherein the session-related configuration information indicates a first reporting period associated with the first time interval, and / or a second reporting period associated with the second time interval.24.The fourth network entity (400) according to claim 23, configured to:provide the energy control policy configuration of the UE to the one or more second network entities (200) based on one of the following: an application request, subscription-related information, or a local policy.25.A fifth network entity (500) for energy usage information measurement, configured to:receive from one or more second network entities (200) at least one of:- energy usage information request related to a third network entity (300) and / or a data session;- a first reporting period associated with a first time interval;- an identifier of a UE; and- an identifier of a data session.26.The fifth network entity (500) according to claim 25, configured to:provide energy usage report to the one or more second network entities (200) for the first time interval, wherein the energy usage report is related to the third network entity (300) and / or the data session of the UE, and comprises one or more of:- a consumed energy of the third network entity (300) ,- a consumed energy of the UE,- a consumed energy of the data session,- a total transferred data volume of the third network entity (300) ,- a total transferred data volume of the UE, and- a transferred data volume of the data session.27.The fifth network entity (500) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the fifth network entity (500) is implemented at a radio access network, or an operations and management function, or network data analytics function of the core network.28.A method (1700) performed by a first network entity (100) for energy usage control, comprising:receiving (1701) one or more energy consumption reports (101) for a first time interval from each of one or more second network entities (200) , wherein each energy consumption report (101) is associated with a data session of a user equipment, UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE;determining (1702) whether a total energy consumption across all data sessions of the UE exceeds a first threshold based on the one or more energy consumption reports (101) ;if the first threshold is exceeded, determining (1703) a first traffic throttling instruction (102) based on the one or more energy consumption reports (101) ; andsending (1704) the first traffic throttling instruction (102) to at least one of the second network entities, wherein the first traffic throttling instruction (102) comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval.29.A method (1800) performed by a second network entity (200) for energy usage monitoring, comprising:sending (1801) an energy consumption report (101) for a first time interval to a first network entity (100) , wherein each energy consumption report (101) is associated with a data session of a user equipment, UE, and comprises information on energy consumption of the data session of the UE;receiving (1802) a first traffic throttling instruction (102) from the first network entity (100) , wherein the first traffic throttling instruction (102) comprises energy usage control enforcement information for at least one data session of the UE for a second time interval; andproviding (1803) a second traffic throttling instruction (201) to a third network entity (300) for energy usage control enforcement, wherein the second traffic throttling instruction comprises the energy usage control enforcement information for the at least one data session of the UE for the second time interval.30.A method (1900) performed by a third network entity (300) for energy usage control enforcement, comprising:receiving (1901) one or more second traffic throttling instructions (201) from one or more second network entities (200) , wherein each second traffic throttling instruction comprises second energy usage control enforcement information for a second time interval; andexecuting (1902) the one or more second traffic throttling instructions (201) .31.A method (2000) performed by a fourth network entity (400) for energy usage policy control, comprising:providing (2001) energy control policy configuration of a user equipment, UE, to one or more second network entities (200) , wherein the energy control policy information comprises one or more of the following:- one or more of policy control configuration rules with a session indication associated with a particular data session, wherein the session indication indicates that the data session is to be included in energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement, or the data session is to be excluded from energy usage monitoring and energy usage control enforcement;- a maximum energy consumption limit for all best-effort traffic of the UE; and- session-related configuration information for energy usage measurement, wherein the session-related configuration information indicates a first reporting period associated with the first time interval, and / or a second reporting period associated with the second time interval.32.A method (2100) performed by a fifth network entity (500) for energy usage information measurement, comprising:receiving (2101) from one or more second network entities (200) at least one of:- energy usage information request related to a third network entity (300) and / or a data session;- a first reporting period associated with a first time interval;- an identifier of a UE; and- an identifier of a data session.33.A computer program product comprising a program code for carrying out, when implemented on a processor, the method (1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100) according to one of the claims 28 to 32.
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