Bidirectional ev charger
The bidirectional electric vehicle charger with switch units and intelligent control addresses the inflexibility of unidirectional power converters by enabling flexible power exchange between electric vehicles and residential energy storage systems, supporting diverse voltage requirements and power sources.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/078328
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
Existing power converters for electric vehicles and residential electrical panels are unidirectional, leading to inflexible power flow topologies and the need for hardwired connections, which limits the flexibility in managing bidirectional power flows between vehicles and residential energy storage systems.
A bidirectional electric vehicle charger using unidirectional power electronics circuitry with switch units and an intelligent controller to manage power flow direction, allowing flexible power exchange between electric vehicles and residential energy storage systems without re-wiring, and supporting both DC and AC power sources.
Enables flexible and efficient bidirectional power flow between electric vehicles and residential energy storage systems, accommodating varying voltage requirements and power sources, enhancing charging capabilities during power outages and idle periods.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024078328_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BIDIRECTIONAL EV CHARGERBACKGROUNDTechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of power charging and, more specifically, to a system for bidirectional management of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) power transmission between electric vehicles and / or DC or AC power sources of a premise, such as a residential energy storage system.
[0002] Background Information
[0003] Backup or alternate local power system sources (sources) , such as batteries using inverters, are often commercially locally deployed by customers or users of a premise in a variety of types and sizes. In addition, electric vehicles (EVs) also having batteries and capable of bidirectional power flows are often deployed by customers, so that vehicle-to-home (V2H) charging systems may be coupled to a premise (e.g., residential) electrical panel (including backup batteries) via power converters (e.g., DC / DC or AC / DC converters) or vice versa. This is further complicated when attempting to interconnect two or more EVs with different voltage requirements and to the residential electrical panel. Unfortunately, power converters meeting regulatory (e.g., Underwriter Labs) safety approval are inherently designed for unidirectional power flow making power flow topologies among EVs and / or the residential electrical panels inflexible as connections must be hardwired according to the direction of power flow. As such, there is a need for a flexible bidirectional apparatus using conventional power converters for directing power among EVs and / or to / from residential electrical panels.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0004] The above and further advantages of the embodiments herein may be better understood by referring to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals indicate identically or functionally similar elements, of which:
[0005] Fig. 1 is an architectural block diagram of a bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charger of a vehicle-to-home (V2H) charging system;
[0006] Figs. 2A-2C are schematic diagrams of a switch unit of the bidirectional EV charger;
[0007] Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the bidirectional EV charger;
[0008] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system;
[0009] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system;
[0010] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system;
[0011] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system;
[0012] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system;
[0013] Figs. 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating a housing enclosure of the bidirectional EV charger;
[0014] Figs. 9C is a diagram illustrating assemblies of the housing enclosure;
[0015] [Rectified under Rule 91, 13.05.2024]Figs. 9D, 9E and 9E-1 are diagrams illustrating a side panel assembly of the housing enclosure;
[0016] [Rectified under Rule 91, 13.05.2024]Figs. 9F, 9G and 9G-1 are diagrams illustrating a front cover assembly of the housing enclosure; and
[0017] Fig. 9H is a diagram illustrating louvers of another exemplary embodiment of the housing enclosure.
[0018] OVERVIEW
[0019] The embodiments described herein are directed to a bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charger of a vehicle-to-home (V2H) charging system that achieves bidirectional charging and discharging of EVs and a home (residential) energy storage system (ESS) using unidirectional power electronics (UPE) circuitry (e.g., DC / DC power converter) to enable flexible power flow topologies. The bidirectional EV charger includes (i) the UPE adapted for connection between (ii) a pair of switch units (one at each input / output of the UPE) , (iii) an intelligent controller, and (iv) a vehicle protocol decoder unit, as well as protection circuitry to provide safety for the conducted power through the charger. Each switch unit includes a plurality of switch elements connected respectively at each end, i.e., to an input and an output, of the UPE and to the intelligent controller, which controls the switch elements of the switch units and receives control commands wirelessly through, e.g., a mobile application executing on a mobile device. When receiving instructions for charging or discharging the EV (e.g., an EV battery system) or residential ESS (e.g., an ESS battery system) , the intelligent controller configures a state of the switch units (i.e., open or close the switch units) to direct the power flow according to the instructions (e.g., charging or discharging the EV) such that power flowing through the UPE need not be re-wired to accommodate the direction of power flow. The intelligent power controller also communicates with the vehicle protocol decoder to configure the direction of power flow to / from the EV or residential ESS.
[0020] In an embodiment, one of the switch units is coupled to the EV battery system via an EV charging interface (e.g., an EV charging gun) and the other switch unit is coupled to the residential ESS battery system via a system (power) interconnect (e.g., AC or DC bus) interface (port) . Each switch unit may be turned on or off to permit power flow to / from the battery systems and through the UPE such that power flows only in one direction through the UPE but may flow to / from the power port (interconnect) and from / to the EV charging interface via the UPE according to the on / off configuration of the switch units. That is, the switch units may be logically configured according to their on / off state to affect power flow in either direction between the EV charging and bus ports while maintaining the same power flow direction through the UPE. In this manner, the UPE may remain connected without re-wiring irrespective of the power flow to / from the EV charging interface.
[0021] In an embodiment, the bidirectional EV charger may be connected to the residential ESS and an intelligent power conversion unit of the V2H charging system, while EVs may be connected in parallel with the residential ESS through the intelligent power conversion unit to facilitate energy sharing. In the event of a power outage, when the energy stored in the battery system of the residential ESS is insufficient, surplus electrical energy stored in the EV may be shared for residential use. During idle periods of the residential ESS, the system may also achieve fast direct current (DC) charging for EVs, as well as energy sharing (i.e., transfer) between the EVs. The V2H system described herein allows for the presence of multiple residential ESSs and EVs to enable EVs to charge or discharge during power outages in a variety of configurations and may be arranged to draw energy from or provide energy to the one or more residential ESS.DESCRIPTION
[0022] Fig. 1 is an architectural block diagram of a bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charger of a vehicle-to-home (V2H) charging system. The bidirectional EV charger 100 includes a removable (i.e., detachably connected via an interface) unidirectional power electronics device (UPE) 110 (e.g., a unidirectional DC / DC power converter) , a plurality of switch units 200a, b, and a vehicle protocol decoder 130 connected to an intelligent controller 140 to control the passing of power (voltage and current) via power ports A, B between an EV battery system 150 and an energy storage system (ESS) battery system 160 of a premise (e.g., office or, illustratively, a home / residence) over a system (power) interconnect 170, such as a bidirectional direct current (DC) bus. Notably, the switch units may be logically configured according to their on / off state to affect power flow in either direction between the bus port (power port A) and the EV charging port (power port B) while maintaining the same power flow direction through the UPE. In this manner, the UPE may remain connected without re-wiring irrespective of the power flow to / from the EV charging interface. The vehicle protocol decoder 130 communicates with the intelligent controller 140 and EV battery system 150 to enable operation of the bidirectional EV charger 100 according to jurisdictional standards, such as the North America Charging Standard (NACS) for EV charging systems, and to ensure proper charging or discharging of the battery systems 150 and 160. The battery systems 150 and 160 are likewise configured to comply with a communication protocol established by the applicable EV charging standard and the vehicle protocol decoder 130 may be updated (e.g., via firmware updates) to implement the communication protocol.
[0023] Figs. 2A-2C are schematic diagrams of the switch unit of the bidirectional EV charger. In an embodiment, the switch unit 200 contains a plurality of (e.g., four) switch elements 210 that may be configured to control the direction of power (e.g., DC) flow through the directional EV charger 100 (Fig. 2A) . The switch elements 210 are illustratively embodied as relays or contacts to minimize turn-on resistance. In response to receiving conditions (e.g., instructions) permitting charging for the EV battery system 150, the intelligent controller 140 opens certain switch elements 210 (e.g., SW1, SW3, SW6, SW8) in first switch unit 200a and second switch unit 200b, and closes certain switch elements 210 (e.g., SW2, SW4, SW5, SW7) in the first and second switch units 200a, b (Fig. 2B) to control the directional flow of power through the bidirectional EV charger 100. Similarly, in response to receiving conditions permitting discharging for the EV battery system 150, the intelligent controller 140 closes certain switch elements 210 (e.g., SW1, SW3, SW6, SW8) in the first and second switch units 200a, b, and opens certain switch elements 210 (e.g., SW2, SW4, SW5, SW7) in the first and second switch units 200a, b (Fig. 2C) . Notably, in either configuration of the switches, power flows to the input of the UPE and flows from the output of the UPE to accommodate its unidirectional nature. The power interconnect 170 (e.g., DC bus) coupling the ESS battery system 160 (and EV battery system 150) to the UPE 110 is implemented as DC+and DC-sub-buses to accommodate connection of the bidirectional EV charger 100 to a public utility grid (and flow of AC) instead of the ESS battery system 150 (and DC power flow) , as described further herein. In this manner, the bidirectional EV charger 100 may be configured to accommodate DC or AC power flows.
[0024] Referring again to Fig. 1, the intelligent controller 140 may configure the UPE 110 to cooperate with the switch units 200a, b and effectively transform the UPE 110 into a bidirectional power device when used in conjunction with the bidirectional power flow capability of the bidirectional EV charger, even though the UPE alone only operates with a unidirectional power flow, i.e., the UPE includes an input power port 114 and output power port 116 supporting power flow in one direction. Illustratively, the UPE 110 is embodied as a DC / DC converter having a plurality of ports including a control port 112 coupled via a connector (not shown) to the intelligent controller 140. The first (input) power port 114 of the UPE couples the UPE 110 to the ESS battery system 160 over the power interconnect 170 via first switch unit 200a and the second (output) power port 116 of the UPE couples the UPE 110 to the EV battery system 150 over the power interconnect 170 via second switch unit 200b. The EV battery system 150 may be a 400 volt or 800 volt system, whereas the ESS battery system 160 may vary between 400 volts and 600 volts. The UPE 110 converts the ESS battery power to be compatible with the EV battery power (e.g., voltage) needed for optimal charging. Yet, the optimal EV voltage for charging the EV battery system 150 may change over time. Accordingly, the UPE 110 is configured to provide flexibility for EV charging requirements without having to change the ESS battery system 160 to match the EV battery system 150.
[0025] In an embodiment, the architecture of the bidirectional EV charger 100 is versatile and may be configurable to accommodate both DC and alternating current (AC) power sources. That is, the switch elements 210 are configured to flow power to the input of the UPE and draw power from the output of the UPE. To that end, the portion of the power interconnect 170 connected to the residential ESS (e.g., the residential DC bus) may alternatively be configured as an AC bus connecting an AC battery source (e.g., a public utility grid) to the UPE 110. Software instructions / microcode stored in a memory of a processing device (e.g., a digital signal processor) of the UPE 110 may be configured to enable the UPE to convert (adapt) the AC power to appropriate DC power (voltage) for charging the EV battery system. Advantageously, the bidirectional EV charger 100 and UPE 110 provide enhanced performance to enable charging of EV battery system 150 according to various voltage charging standards without having to change the power (DC or AC) provided by the residential ESS battery system 160. The UPE 110 may be configured to adapt the residential (DC or AC) bus of the residential ESS battery system 160 to the voltage charging standard of the EV battery system 150 which may change over time. Alternatively, the switch elements 210 may be configured to bypass the UPE (configured as a DC / DC converter) to accommodate a passthrough AC or DC power flow.
[0026] In an embodiment, the UPE 110 may be a DC / DC converter having a chopper element that is configured to convert a power (e.g., DC) input voltage to a variably selected DC output voltage so that the output voltage may differ (increase or decrease) from that of the input voltage. To that end, the chopper element may be embodied as one or more semi-conductor switching devices that employ, e.g., insulated gate bipolar transistor (IBGT) or metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) conduction devices. The switching device connects and disconnects a load (e.g., EV battery system 150) from a source (e.g., residential ESS battery system 160) at a high rate to obtain variable or “chopped” voltage (i.e., a voltage inverter) at its output and connects to a step-up or step-down transformer windings to change the voltage. Switching topologies may be selected from buck or boost arrangements to resonant mode configurations to reduce switching losses, e.g., embodied as an inductor (L) and capacitor (C) arranged as an LC resonant tank. Rectification circuits connected to the transformer secondary winding provide a stable DC output power at the output port 116 of the UPE. When configured as a DC chopper, the UPE 110 may include output filters in the power pathway to attenuate high frequency noise from its input (source) and suppress switching noise to its output (load) . Furthermore, in accordance with the teachings herein, when configured as an AC chopper, the UPE 110 may include additional circuitry, e.g., embodied as another transformer or additional transformer windings and power pathways with rectifiers, to step up / down and convert AC input voltage to a controlled DC output voltage level at the UPE output power port 116. Alternatively, the detachably connected UPE may be replaced with another UPE configured for AC / DC power conversion.
[0027] Fig. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the directional EV charger. In an embodiment, the intelligent controller 140 communicates with the UPE 110 as well as the residential ESS battery system 160 and the vehicle protocol decoder 130 over various controller area network (CAN) buses. A power supply 310 connected to DC Bus via interconnect 170 provides power to the intelligent controller 140 and vehicle protocol decoder 130. Illustratively, the intelligent controller 140 includes a first control port 202 that connects to the control port 112 of the UPE 110 over a first CAN bus 210 to control configuration of the UPE 110. The intelligent controller 140 also includes a second control port 208 that connects to the residential ESS battery system 160 over a second CAN bus 230 and a third control port 208 that connects to the vehicle protocol decoder 130 over a third CAN bus 212 to coordinate their operating modes. The vehicle protocol decoder 130 may be embodied as a supply equipment communication controller (SECC) module that communicates with the intelligent controller 140 using a SECC communication protocol over the third CAN bus 212 and further communicates with an EV charging interface (e.g., an EV charging gun 220) of the EV battery system 150 using a power line communication (PLC) protocol. In addition, the residential ESS battery system 160 may include a battery management system (BMS) that communicates with intelligent controller 140 over the second CAN bus 230 using a battery control management system (BCMS) protocol. Note that many other CAN bus arrangements are contemplated with one or more devices being on the same bus.
[0028] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system. Residential ESS 410 (e.g., residential ESS battery system 160) has sufficient excess energy to power two (2) EVs 425 and 435 (e.g., EV battery systems 150) . In an embodiment, the V2H charging system 400 includes two bidirectional EV chargers 100 configured as intelligent power conversion units 420 and 430 that cooperate to charge the EVs 425 and 435. The DC input port A of each intelligent power conversion unit is configured to flow power from port A to port B (i.e., configuration of switch elements 210) using voltage controlled conversion, e.g., via a voltage control mode using the UPE configured (programmed) to provide a desired voltage at port B, and connected in parallel at port A of each EV charger 100 to the power interconnect (DC bus) of the residential ESS 410 so that a single source (residential ESS battery system 160) drives / charges multiple (two) EV loads (EV battery systems 150) , wherein each EV charge separately regulates their respective output depending on the resistive loads of the connected EV batteries. Notably, the use of separate and distinct UPEs 110 (e.g., DC / DC converters) of the bidirectional EV chargers 100 (intelligent power conversion units) provides isolation to each EV load, thus permitting independent power (voltage) regulation according to individual requirements of each EV 425, 435. In this manner, each EV may have significantly different power charging requirements (i.e., voltage and current) with each EV charger 100 having different installed UPEs according to those EV requirements.
[0029] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system. In an embodiment, the EVs 425 and 435 (e.g., EV battery systems 150) have excess energy to power or charge the residential ESS 410 (e.g., residential ESS battery system 160) . The intelligent power conversion units (bidirectional EV chargers) 420, 430 each have their respective port B connected to a respective EV 425, 435 and have their port A connected in parallel to provide power to the residential ESS 410 with the switches in each intelligent power conversion unit configured for power flow from port B to port A. To prevent overload between the intelligent power conversion units 420 and 430 (connected in parallel) to drive one residential ESS 410 (load) , a communication (e.g., signaling) arrangement is provided between the intelligent power conversion units 420 and 430 that indicates the voltage at which the system interconnect 170 (e.g., DC bus) is running and sets their output voltages accordingly. The respective UPE in each intelligent power conversion unit is configured to operate in current sharing mode (i.e., current mode control) before activating power flow to its respective port A connected in parallel. That is, when configuring the intelligent power conversion units 420 and 430 to operate in parallel, the tied output is current-sourced, e.g., operated in current control mode. Illustratively, the UPE 110 (e.g., DC / DC converter) has multiple operating modes (e.g., voltage or current controlled) and the signaling arrangement is employed to communicate via a control port (not shown) connecting one of the CAN buses (e.g., CAN bus 210, although other communication arrangements such as wireless communication among wireless transceivers of the units may be employed) of the intelligent power conversion units 420 and 430 to arrange the UPEs 110 of the units to operate as current-controlled outputs in such a parallel configuration. Moreover, protocol intelligence (e.g., via the vehicle protocol decoder 130) within the intelligent power conversion units communicate with a corresponding DC / DC converter of the EV battery system 150 (via the EV charging gun 220) to place that converter into load-sharing mode (e.g., current control mode) so that multiple EVs 425 and 435 may simultaneously charge (drive) the residential ESS battery system 160.
[0030] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system. In an embodiment, one EV 425 (e.g., EV battery system 150) has sufficient excess energy to share power with another EV 435 (e.g., EV battery system 150) and there is no excess energy in or desire to use the residential ESS 410 (e.g., residential ESS battery system 160) . The intelligent power conversion unit 420 may be configured to redirect (route) power discharged from the EV 425 (e.g., EV battery system 150) to charge the EV 435 (e.g., EV battery system 150) while also charging the residential ESS battery system 160. That is, intelligent power conversion unit 420 is configured to flow power from port B to port A so that EV 425 discharges and provides power to EV 435 via the intelligent power conversion unit 430; at the same time the intelligent power conversion unit 430 is configured to flow power from port A to port B so that EV 435 is charged. Notably since each intelligent power conversion unit has its own UPE, the power conversion units may negotiate a voltage on the DC bus on the respective port A, so that the output of the UPE for unit 420 (receiving discharge power flow from EV 425) drives the input of the UPE for unit 430 (providing charging power flow to EV 435) . Alternatively, each unit 420, 430 may negotiate with the ESS to determine a voltage on the DC bus at port A or such a voltage may be configured during system installation according to the requirements of the ESS. In this manner, even though the EVs 425, 435 may have different power / voltage charge / discharge requirements, EV 425 may charge the EV 435 as well as provide power to the ESS and charge the ESS battery 160. Illustratively, the intelligent power conversion unit 420 outputs power on its port A over the power interconnect (DC bus) 170 to charge the residential ESS battery system 160 as the intelligent power conversion unit 430 receives power on its port A from the unit 420 and adjusts the voltage and power level for charging the EV battery system 150 of the EV 435. As indicated above, the intelligent power conversion units 420 and 430 communicate (e.g., via control port 450) to interact and configure themselves into EV discharging and charging (power sharing) mode. This configuration includes bidirectional power flow arranged according to switches SW1-7 as well as UPE configuration for voltage levels and power flows to accommodate requirements for the respective EVs 425, 435. Communication among the units 420 and 430 may be implemented over an extension to CAN bus 210 although other communication arrangements, such as wireless communication among wireless transceivers of the units, may be employed.
[0031] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system. In an embodiment, multiple (e.g., 2) residential ESS’s 410a, b may be connected at the same time to charge an EV 425 (e.g., EV battery system 150) when the EV requires high-power charging, wherein the ESS’s are configured for tandem (parallel) power delivery. Unlike the deployment in which two EVs 425 and 435 (sources) cooperate with two intelligent power conversion units 420 and 430 (connected in parallel) to drive (provide power to) one residential ESS 410 as a load, the two residential ESS’s 410a, b are connected in a load sharing configuration, e.g., configured for parallel operation using a load sharing circuit (not shown) , to a single intelligent power conversion unit 420. In this manner, a larger current / power level may be delivered to EV 425. Alternatively, the ESS’s may be arranged / stacked in series to provide higher voltage and thus higher power to the unit 420 to charge the EV 425.
[0032] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating another exemplary deployment of the V2H charging system. In an embodiment, the intelligent controller 140 of intelligent power conversion unit 420 is responsible for configuring the components of the unit and, to that end, communicates with the residential ESS battery system 160 (e.g., over the CAN bus 230) to receive commands for configuring the operating mode of the components. That is, the intelligent power conversion unit 420 operates as a “slave” to receive commands from the ESS battery system 160 operating as a “master” in a master-slave relationship. For example, the commands issued by residential ESS battery system 160 specify the operating mode (e.g., of the UPE 110 for unit 420) and configuration (e.g., of the switch units 200a, b) of the components to facilitate power flow through the intelligent power conversion unit 420. A controller 810 (e.g., computing device) of the ESS battery system 160 may communicate with a mobile application (app) 890 executing on a mobile device 830 (e.g., a smartphone or tablet) to control the configurations and operating modes of the intelligent power conversion unit 420 to place its components into a charge or discharge state. In other words, the mobile application 890 may be used to configure the unit 420 (including its switch units 200a, b and UPE 110) as a power source or power consumer to discharge (send) or charge (receive) power accordingly. A cloud-based computer 820 may receive status information from the controller 810 which may be retrieved and utilized by computer 820 configured to report status of the V2H charging system 400.
[0033] In an embodiment, the intelligent power conversion unit 420 and its switch elements 210 (relays or contacts) are flexible to accommodate a variety of configurations with different types of power sources and power drains. That is, essentially any local power generating source (e.g., a gasoline generator) may be used as a power source / power drain in accordance with the teachings herein. For example, one or more solar panels 850 on a residence / premise having the residential ESS battery system 160 may be used as an energy source to communicate with the intelligent power conversion unit 420. Each solar panel 850 may be configured to include DC / DC conversion and power regulation circuitry that connects directly to the UPE 110 as a power source. Illustratively, the solar panels 850 may be coupled to the power interconnect (DC bus) 170 and UPE 110, and the switch elements 210 of switch units 200 may be configured to turn off connection to main power (e.g., DC power provided by the residential ESS battery system 160 or AC power provided by the public utility grid 860) so that the EV 425 (e.g., EV battery system 150) may be charged directly from the solar panels 850. Alternatively, the solar panels 850 (and their DC / DC converters) may be disconnected (via the switch units 200) to allow AC power flow from the public utility grid 860 for charging the EV 425 (including its own on-board charger and power converter) . Moreover, the intelligent power conversion unit 420 may be used in a standalone configuration without the residential ESS battery system 160 where, instead of connecting the battery system 160 to the DC bus, the connection is made directly to a circuit breaker in a main disconnect panel (MDP 870) .
[0034] Figs. 9A and 9B are diagrams illustrating a housing enclosure 900 of the bidirectional EV charger. The housing enclosure 900 is easy to assemble and disassemble and, to that end, includes a main body 910, left side louvered panel assembly 920, right side louvered panel assembly 930, and front cover assembly 940. The left and right-side panel assemblies 920, 930 connect to the main body 910 using sheet metal (e.g., snap-on) fasteners, allowing for tool-free quick assembly and disassembly for easy maintenance and inspection of internal charging modules, as well as periodic maintenance of dustproof nets and dustproof cotton. Louvers on left and right panel assemblies facilitate air flow to dissipate heat from the removable unidirectional power electronics device 110 (e.g., DC / DC power converter) . The front cover assembly 940 and the main body 910 employ a hinge-free mechanism with a torsion spring-driven latch mechanism for opening, closing, and locking. Additionally, the front cover assembly 940 can be removed entirely from the main body 910, maximizing convenience for operating internal electrical units.
[0035] Fig. 9C is a diagram illustrating the assemblies of the housing enclosure 900. Horizontal sliding of the left and right-side panel assemblies 920, 930 and vertical flipping of the front cover assembly 940 embody symmetrical aesthetics. Notably, the enclosure design ensures that there are no exposed fasteners on the external surface, achieving a clean and simple appearance. After flipping at various angles, the front cover assembly 940 can be completely removed from the main body 910, facilitating electrical operations such as wiring maintenance and circuit breaker disengagement. An internal electronic module 950 (e.g., circuit board) includes various components such as the switch units 200a, b, the intelligent controller 140, and the vehicle protocol decoder 130 as well as circuit breakers, contactors, fuses, communication modules, auxiliary power supply 310, etc. The internal electronic module 950 can be assembled outside the enclosure and then installed as a whole, facilitating installation procedures. Matching tools for opening and closing may be provided as universal (such as a regular hex key) to improve tool accessibility or customized for specific use (such as a custom screwdriver head) to enhance equipment protection. Sealing mechanisms are incorporated into the design of the left and right-side panels, as well as the front cover, to enhance the product’s protective capabilities.
[0036] In an embodiment, the housing enclosure 900 may include a plurality of chambers (i.e., one or more cavities divided into a plurality of spaces) . An upper chamber is adapted and arranged to house the UPE 110 (e.g., a detachably connected UPE) emitting heat when in operation and a lower chamber is adapted and arranged to house the electronic module 950. Each of two or more louvers (e.g., configured as louvered panels) may be press fitted into a respective side of the upper chamber to permit air flow between the panels to dissipate the emitted heat. A cover may be attached to the lower chamber and a door (e.g., configured as a door panel) may be adapted to swing vertically downward over an aperture of the lower chamber having dimensions large enough for removal of electronic module 950.
[0037] [Rectified under Rule 91, 13.05.2024]Figs. 9D, 9E and 9E-1 are diagrams illustrating a side panel assembly of the housing enclosure 900. The side panel assembly 960 (an example of which is left side panel assembly 920) includes a louvered side panel 962, outer sealing ring 963, inner sealing ring 965, dustproof mesh 966, spring sheet metal 968, and rivets. The spring sheet metal 968 is characterized by an insertion angle smaller than the removal angle, making it easy to engage and providing a certain resistance against disengagement after engagement. The side panel 960 features a louver design formed through integral stamping, meeting ventilation requirements for heat dissipation, while also providing a degree of shell protection. The outer sealing ring 963 achieves sealing between the side panel assembly 960 and the main body 910. The inner sealing ring 965 prevents a decrease in protective function caused by clearances in the louver perimeter. The outer sealing ring 963 and side panel 960 undergo lateral compression, avoiding the need for significant compressive force on the spring sheet metal engagement mechanism. The cross-section of the outer sealing ring 963 is serrated, reducing lateral compression force while maintaining waterproof and dustproof functions, facilitating assembly. The spring sheet metal 968 is fastened to the side panel 960 using countersunk rivets, ensuring quick processing and a neat appearance of the rivet heads without affecting the assembly of the inner and outer sealing rings. The dustproof mesh 966 is incorporated to prevent dust and insects from penetrating into the housing enclosure 900 without compromising ventilation and heat dissipation.
[0038] [Rectified under Rule 91, 13.05.2024]Figs. 9F, 9G and 9G-1 are diagrams illustrating the front cover assembly of the housing enclosure 900. The front cover assembly 940 includes a front cover plate 942, drive shaft assembly 970, hinge-free end (claw 946) with no fixed hinge and sealing gasket 948. The drive shaft assembly 970 includes a drive shaft 972, two support bases 974, two latches 975, two torsion springs 976, a detent block 977, a snap ring (not shown) , and fasteners (e.g., fastening the support bases 974 to the front plate cover 942) . The drive shaft assembly 970 is positioned at the upper end of the front cover plate 942, with its latch 975 engaging a connecting rod on the main body 910 to form a latch mechanism. The claw 946 is positioned at the lower end of the front cover plate 942 and cooperates with a pivot (e.g., the claw is press-fit onto the pivot) on the main body 910 to create a hinge-free mechanism. The forward pressure generated by this combination ensures the functionality of the sealing gasket 948.
[0039] Under the combined action of the torsion spring 976 and detent block 977, the drive shaft 972 ensures that the latch 975 remains at the ready-to-engage angle, allowing for automatic engagement when the front cover plate 942 is pressed. A head end of the drive shaft 972 is equipped with a groove, such as an internal hexagon, which, when used with a tool, enables the drive shaft 972 to overcome the torsional force of the torsion spring 976, facilitating rotational movement. This action disengages the latch 975 from the connecting rod, aided by the sealing gasket 948, allowing for automatic release at a small angle. A side of the front cover plate 942 is marked with directional indicators for opening and closing. The snap ring prevents axial movement of the drive shaft 972, ensuring that the head end remains flush with the side of the front cover plate 942 for a neat appearance. A hexagonal shaped grooved depression on the head of the drive shaft enables a simple locking function (note that custom shaped grooves supporting a keying function are also contemplated) .
[0040] Based on commonly used external structure and installation features of commercially available charging modules, the sliding latch design of the left and right-side panel assemblies 920, 930 effectively meets the quick installation and removal for maintenance of UPE 110 without the need for tools such as wrenches or screwdrivers. Additionally, parting design of the left and right-side panel assemblies provides the necessary air passages for the UPE device. Typically, a hinged design for the front cover is preferred over screw fastening, both in terms of appearance and ease of disassembly for maintenance of the directional EV charger. The hinge of the front cover may be positioned at the top or bottom to allow for vertical flipping rather than horizontal flipping caused by hinge placement on the left or right side. Note that for typical arrangements vertical flipping of the front cover is usually limited by the opening angle of the hinge, and interference between the front cover and the main body may occur at a certain angle. However, here the front cover assembly and the main body utilize a hinge-free mechanism and can be removed from the main body, achieving unlimited opening angles (i.e., the front cover is no hinderance to full use of the opening / aperture) , which is advantageous for maintenance operations. The customized design of the groove on the head of the drive shaft enables a simple locking function. The integral stamping design of the side panel louvers (tear-off type) is more efficient than welding each partition and the introduced inner sealing ring addresses the dual requirements of a large ventilation area and the necessity for integral stamping. Moreover, the louvers are flush with the product surface, enhancing the overall appearance.
[0041] Fig. 9H is a diagram illustrating louvers of another exemplary embodiment of the housing enclosure 900. The louvers 990a, b in this design, while also integral (non-tear-off type on the side walls) , have a small ventilation area and protrude from the enclosure. A door panel on a side of the enclosure may include a specialized non-detachable hinge with a limited opening angle and includes a specialized lock for security.
[0042] The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments. It will be apparent, however, that other variations and modifications may be made to the described embodiments, with the attainment of some or all of their advantages. Accordingly, this description is to be taken only by way of example and not to otherwise limit the scope of the embodiments herein. Therefore, it is the object of the appended claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the embodiments herein.
[0043] What is claimed is:
Claims
1.An apparatus comprising:positive and negative direct current (DC) bus terminals connected to a residential battery system (BAT) and to an electric vehicle (EV) charging gun;first and second switch units each having two pairs of switches, wherein the switch units are connected to a unidirectional power electronics (UPE) device; anda controller programmed to configure a state of the switches such that a power flow from the first switch unit to the second switch unit occurs via the UPE device in either direction according to a state of the switches, wherein power flows unidirectionally through the UPE device independent of the direction of power flow between the switch units.2.The apparatus of claim 1, whereina first pair of switches of the first switch unit is connected to the positive DC bus terminal of the BAT and a second pair of switches of the first switch unit is connected to the negative DC terminal of the BAT,wherein a first pair of switches of the second switch unit is connected to the positive DC bus terminal of the EV charging gun and a second pair of switches of the second switch unit is connected to the negative DC terminal of the EV charging gun,wherein a first switch of the first pair of switches of the first switch unit is connected to a DC positive input terminal of the UPE device and a second switch of the second pair of switches of the first switch unit is connected to a DC negative input terminal of the UPE device, andwherein a third switch of the first pair of switches of the second switch unit is connected to a DC positive output terminal of the UPE device and a fourth switch of the second pair of switches of the second switch unit is connected to a DC negative output terminal of the UPE device.3.The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a vehicle protocol decoder connected to the EV charging gun for communication to a connected EV.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller further is programmed to communicate with the BAT system to configure the apparatus to charge the BAT.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is further programmed to communicate with the UPE device to configure a voltage conversion between an input and an output of the UPE device according to voltage requirements of a connected EV.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller communicates with the UPE and the BAT system using a controller area network (CAN) bus.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the UPE device is detachably connected to the apparatus via an interface.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the UPE is a unidirectional DC / DC power converter configurable to charge a connected EV.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the controller is configured via a mobile device.10.A system comprising first and second apparatus each connected to an electric vehicle (EV) , each apparatus havingpositive and negative direct current (DC) bus terminals connected to a residential battery system (BAT) and to an electric vehicle (EV) charging gun;first and second switch units each having two pairs of switches, wherein the switch units are connected to a unidirectional power electronics (UPE) device; anda controller programmed to configure a state of the switches such that a power flow from the first switch unit to the second switch unit occurs via the UPE device in either direction according to a state of the switches, wherein the power flows unidirectionally through the UPE device independent of the direction of power flow between the switch units;wherein the controllers of the apparatuses communicate to configure a direction of power flow through each apparatus.11.The system of claim 10, wherein the direction of power flow through a first apparatus is from the BAT system to a first EV and the direction of power flow through a second apparatus is from the BAT system to a second EV, wherein the controller configures each EV to charge via the EV charging gun.12.The system of claim 10, wherein the direction of power flow through a first apparatus is from a first EV to the BAT system and the direction of power flow through a second apparatus is from a second EV to the BAT system, wherein the controller configures each EV to discharge via the EV charging gun.13.The system of claim 10, wherein the direction of power flow through a first apparatus is from a first EV to a second apparatus and from a second EV to the BAT system, wherein the controller configures the first EV to discharge and configures the second EV to charge.14.The system of claim 10, wherein the EVs have different voltage requirements and the controller of each apparatus is further programmed to communicate with the respective UPE device to configure a voltage conversion between an input and an output of the respective UPE device according voltage requirements of a respective connected EV.15.An apparatus comprising:an enclosure having upper and lower spaces, the upper space adapted and arranged to house a detachably connected unidirectional power electronics (UPE) device emitting heat when in operation, the lower space adapted and arranged to house an electronic module;two or more louvered panels each press fitted into a respective side of the upper space to permit air flow between the panels to dissipate the emitted heat;a cover attached to the lower space, wherein the door swings vertically downward over an aperture of the lower space having dimensions large enough for removal of the electronic module;the electronic module including,positive and negative direct current (DC) bus terminals connected to a residential battery system (BAT) and to an electric vehicle (EV) charging gun;first and second switch units each having two pairs of switches, wherein the switch units are connected to the UPE device; anda controller programmed to configure a state of the switches such that a power flow from the first switch unit to the second switch unit occurs via the UPE device in either direction according to a state of the switches, wherein power flows unidirectionally through the UPE device independent of the direction of power flow between the switch units.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the UPE is removeable from the apparatus by detaching at least one of the louvered panels.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the louvered panels include spring sheet metal with an insertion angle smaller than the removal angle.18.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the louvered panels include an outer sealing ring, an inner sealing ring and a dustproof mesh.19.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cover further includes a claw configured to cooperate with a pivot on the enclosure and a spring driven latch for engagement with the enclosure when the cover plate is pressed.20.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the cover further includes a shaft moving with the spring driven latch, and wherein the shaft includes on at least one end shaped grooves supporting a keying function.
Citation Information
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