Connecting dowel, timber construction module and wall module

Abstract

The invention relates to a connecting dowel (8) made of wood for connecting individual log elements (2) of a timber construction module (3) or for connecting two timber construction modules (3), - wherein the connecting dowel (1) has serrations (5) on a lateral surface (4), - wherein, for a ratio of a serration surface OZ to a circumferential surface OU, the following relationship applies: OZ / OU ≥ 2 / 1. The invention also relates to a timber construction module (3) having at least four log elements (2) which are connected to one another exclusively via such connecting dowels (1).

Description

[0001] Connecting dowel, timber construction module and wall module

[0002] The present invention relates to a wooden connecting dowel and a timber construction module comprising at least four wooden log elements made of Kiri wood, which are connected to one another exclusively via such connecting dowels. The invention also relates to a wall module comprising at least two such timber construction modules, which are connected to one another exclusively via such connecting dowels.

[0003] In the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report, the world's leading climate scientists outline the path to emissions neutrality that humanity must follow over the next three decades to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. In addition to the comprehensive decarbonization of all existing industries, it will also be necessary to create new industries that remove and store greenhouse gases already emitted from the atmosphere, the report states.

[0004] Building with wood plays a special role in this context: During their growth phase, trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis and store it in the wood. When a mature tree is felled, the wood obtained from it can be used for a variety of purposes, but only its use in construction ensures long-term storage of the CO2 bound in the wood. In addition to the CO2 storage effect, wood construction can largely avoid the use of emission-intensive building materials such as cement and steel, which together account for over 10% of global emissions. Another advantage of wood construction is its comparatively easy recyclability. In addition, the complete and non-destructive dismantling and reusability of all system components is also of increasing importance.

[0005] For example, blocks of boards connected by connecting dowels are used for this purpose. Their main disadvantage is that the wood required for this grows relatively slowly and is therefore both expensive and insufficiently available. Another disadvantage of conventional connecting dowels is that they are usually made of hardwood and therefore differ from the wood used for timber construction modules, such as pine, which are to be connected using such connecting dowels. Different shrinkage and drying properties can lead to the connecting dowels no longer being reliably secured in the corresponding holes in the timber construction modules.This in turn means that wall modules made from such timber construction modules may not have the strength required for such constructions in the long term.

[0006] The present invention therefore addresses the problem of providing a connecting dowel with which the disadvantages known from the prior art can be at least partially overcome.

[0007] This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims. The present invention is based on the general idea of ​​connecting two wooden log elements of a timber construction module for the first time using a connecting dowel according to the invention with a serrated outer surface, and in doing so, designing a ratio of a serrated surface Oz to a peripheral surface Ou of the connecting dowel such that a long-term, reliable connection of individual wooden log elements of the timber construction module can be ensured. The wooden connecting dowel according to the invention serves to connect individual wooden log elements of such a timber construction module or to connect two such timber construction modules. The connecting dowel according to the invention has serrations on its outer surface, wherein the following relationship applies to a ratio of a serrated surface Oz to a peripheral surface Ou:

[0008] Oz / Ou > 2 / 1 .

[0009] With such a surface shape of the connecting dowel according to the invention, it is possible to dig the respective prong tips into the corresponding inner surfaces of bores in the wooden trunk elements, which compensates for different shrinkage or drying dimensions of the connecting dowel and the wooden trunk elements and thus always enables a reliable and firm connection of the two wooden trunk elements / wooden construction modules via such a connecting dowel.

[0010] The “burying of the spiked syringes” is particularly efficient due to the special cell structure of Kiri wood.

[0011] In an advantageous development of the connecting dowel according to the invention, it has eighteen points. Tests have shown that a surface with a total of eighteen points distributed over the circumference or surface of the surface results in a particularly effective connection. The production of such points can be achieved using fully automated milling tools, both in terms of production technology and with high precision and cost-effectively.

[0012] In a further advantageous embodiment of the connecting dowel according to the invention, it has an outer diameter DA of 24-30 mm. This allows for a particularly stable connection between two timber log elements of a timber construction module or between two timber construction modules.

[0013] The connecting dowel is preferably made of hardwood, such as beech, oak, maple, ash, or robinia. Alternatively, a construction made of softwood, such as pine, fir, or kiri wood, is also conceivable. This non-exhaustive list alone gives an idea of ​​the diverse designs possible for the connecting dowel according to the invention. In concrete terms, this means that the wood species used for the connecting dowel are not limited to a single one, thus ensuring both broad and cost-effective availability.

[0014] The present invention is further based on the general idea of ​​specifying a timber construction module with at least four timber log elements made of Kiri wood, i.e. Paulowina wood. The timber log elements have a plurality of bores aligned transversely to the trunk direction for receiving a connecting dowel as described in the previous paragraphs, with two bores intersecting orthogonally. These two intersecting bores are thus arranged at the same height in the trunk direction, which also corresponds to the axial direction of the timber log elements. Two adjacent bores in the axial direction or in the trunk direction have the same distance. The individual timber log elements are connected to one another exclusively by means of a plurality of connecting dowels aligned transversely to one another and pressed into the associated bores.This makes it possible to produce such timber construction modules not only cost-effectively thanks to the fast-growing Kiri wood, but also with high quality, thanks to Kiri wood's exceptionally good properties: an extremely low radial shrinkage of only 0.08–0.15% and a high compressive strength of between 26 and 37 N / mm. 2 and an even higher flexural strength between 36 and 47 N / mm 2and a low weight, optimal properties can be created for house construction. Due to its comparatively low raw density, kiri wood also has very good insulation properties and is also extremely fire-resistant, with an ignition temperature of around 420 °C, which is significantly higher than the ignition temperature of around 220 °C typical for hardwoods. Kiri wood (Paulownia) is also the fastest growing deciduous tree in the world, and can grow up to 6 m in the first year. Another major advantage of kiri trees is that they do not have to be replanted after harvesting, as the root stump left in the ground does not rot; instead, kiri trees simply sprout new shoots after harvesting. Due to its rapid growth, the kiri tree also uses significantly less water during growth, which is also due to its core roots with a comparatively high water utilization coefficient.Another major advantage of rapid growth is the extraordinarily high capacity to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere, which makes a lasting contribution to climate protection.

[0015] In an advantageous development of the timber construction module according to the invention, the timber log elements have a bevel along their longitudinal ends. Such a bevel makes it possible to assemble two timber construction modules with interlocking timber log elements relatively easily, which simplifies not only the design but also the assembly of wall modules composed of such timber construction modules. Such bevels can, of course, also be arranged on the longitudinal ends of the connecting dowels, allowing them to be easily pressed into the corresponding holes in the timber log elements of the timber construction modules.

[0016] At least two timber log elements are expediently arranged offset from one another in the trunk direction by one bore. The timber construction modules can comprise at least four, but also six, eight, nine, or any desired number of timber log elements. A type of key can be created via the at least two timber log elements offset from one another in the trunk direction by at least one bore, which can interlock with a complementary adjacent timber construction module that serves as a lock. This allows for excellent interlocking between two timber construction modules, which can achieve a high transverse force load perpendicular to the trunk direction of the individual timber log elements.The individual timber log elements of two adjacent timber construction modules are placed face-to-face against each other, so that the force transmission between two interconnected timber construction modules in the trunk direction occurs via a face-to-face load, allowing high forces to be transmitted. The individual connecting dowels are therefore preferably used exclusively for securing two timber log elements or two timber construction modules in the transverse direction.

[0017] In a further advantageous embodiment of the timber construction module according to the invention, the individual timber log elements of the timber construction module are each made from a solid log cut to length in the trunk direction. This allows for particularly resource-efficient production of both the timber log elements and the timber construction modules, enabling particularly sustainable and cost-effective construction. This takes advantage of the fact that Kiri trees grow almost knot-free in their trunks.

[0018] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the timber construction module according to the invention, the individual timber trunk elements have a corner-free, square cross-section, each with two parallel side surfaces, with two adjacent side surfaces merging into one another via a rounded corner region. The respective parallel side surfaces have a sapwood surface, while the rounded corner regions can have, at least in some areas, a bark surface, a bast surface, and / or a cambium surface. The rounded corner regions are thus unprocessed, at least in some areas. Alternatively, it is also conceivable for the individual timber trunk elements to have a regular octagonal cross-section, each with four parallel side surfaces. Each of these timber trunk elements thus corresponds to a solid trunk section, allowing the timber construction modules to be manufactured in a resource-efficient manner.

[0019] In a particularly preferred embodiment of the timber construction module according to the invention, this is designed as a base module, wherein at a first longitudinal end viewed in the trunk direction, all of the timber trunk elements are arranged with their surfaces flush, while at the opposite second longitudinal end they are arranged alternately offset from one another in the trunk direction by at least one bore. Such a base module can thus be used in a similar way to a foundation stone in a masonry structure. “Surface flush” refers to the end faces of the individual timber trunk elements. In an advantageous further development of the timber construction module according to the invention, the timber construction module is designed as an intermediate module, wherein the timber trunk elements at both longitudinal ends viewed in the trunk direction are arranged with their end faces alternately offset from one another in the trunk direction by at least one bore.Using such intermediate modules, wall modules of virtually any height can be constructed. By alternating the arrangement, or by using virtually any other arrangement of offset wooden log elements, a virtually unlimited lock-and-key principle can be created, allowing for the quick and reliable erection of wall modules, even with unskilled construction workers.

[0020] In a further advantageous embodiment of the timber construction module according to the invention, this is designed as a ceiling connection module, wherein at least two rows of timber log elements are provided at a longitudinal end viewed in the trunk direction, the end faces of which are arranged in surface alignment with one another in the respective row, and wherein the two rows are offset from one another in the trunk direction by at least one bore, while the individual timber log elements at the opposite longitudinal end are arranged with their end faces alternately offset from one another in the trunk direction by at least one bore. Alternating can be understood as in the longitudinal direction of the row and thus transverse to the trunk direction. The ceiling thus rests on one row, while the other row serves as a peripheral boundary.

[0021] The log elements are each conveniently made from a solid log cut in the direction of the log. This means that to produce the individual log elements, they only need to be machined on two or four opposite sides, giving the log elements the typical square or octagonal cross-section with two or four opposite parallel sides.

[0022] The present invention is further based on the general idea of ​​specifying a wall module with at least two timber construction modules according to one of the previous paragraphs, which are connected to one another exclusively via connecting dowels in accordance with the previous paragraphs. This makes it possible to create a single-material wall module which not only enables extremely sustainable and cost-effective construction, but also easy recycling due to the single-material solution. Such wall modules can be used in other buildings after their service life has expired, or they can be divided into individual timber construction modules by pressing out the connecting dowels and then repurposed. The preferred method is for them to be reused in a wall module, although thermal recycling is also theoretically conceivable as an alternative.

[0023] Furthermore, the wall modules manufactured using the inventive timber construction modules allow for a significantly more sustainable and climate-friendly construction method in terms of CO2 footprint than is possible with concrete, masonry, or even other timber construction materials. The wall modules manufactured using the inventive timber construction modules not only meet the required structural strength, but also meet building physics requirements with regard to heat, cold, and fire protection. Such wall modules also offer a pleasant and healthy indoor climate thanks to their high proportion of solid wood. Furthermore, the use of Kiri wood allows the weight of such wall modules to be kept low while still maintaining high strength, dimensional stability, weather resistance, and ease of processing.Since only solid wood, which is virtually knot-free, is used for the log elements, additional insulation, especially external or internal, of the wall modules is either unnecessary or only required to a very limited extent. The rounded corners also allow for the easy creation of cable ducts for the installation of electrical and / or other utility cables. Furthermore, the comparatively low weight of Kiri wood makes it relatively easy to handle on construction sites and in manufacturing plants.

[0024] Further important features and advantages of the invention emerge from the subclaims, from the drawings and from the associated description of the figures based on the drawings.

[0025] It is understood that the features mentioned above and those to be explained below can be used not only in the respective combination specified, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Components mentioned above and those to be mentioned below of a higher-level unit, such as a device, a device, or an arrangement, which are designated separately, may form separate parts or components of this unit or be integral areas or sections of this unit, even if this is shown differently in the drawings.

[0026] Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the following description, wherein the same reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

[0027] In each case, Figure 1 shows a schematic sectional view through a connecting dowel according to the invention,

[0028] Figure 2a is an oblique view of a timber log element of a timber construction module according to the invention with a square cross-section and rounded corner areas,

[0029] Figure 2b is an oblique view of a timber trunk element of a timber construction module according to the invention with a regular octagonal cross-section,

[0030] Figure 3 is a plan view of a timber construction module according to the invention,

[0031] Figure 4 is an oblique view of a timber construction module according to the invention designed as a base module,

[0032] Figure 5 is a view of a timber construction module according to the invention designed as a ceiling connection module,

[0033] Figure 6 is an oblique view of a timber construction module according to the invention designed as an intermediate module,

[0034] Figure 7 shows a wall module according to the invention with a wooden construction module attached at a corner,

[0035] Figure 8 is a sectional view through a pointed wall corner produced by means of wall modules and kiri stems according to the invention, Figure 9 is a sectional view through a blunt wall corner produced by means of wall modules and kiri stems according to the invention,

[0036] Figure 10 is a sectional view through a curved wall made using wall modules and Kiri stems according to the invention,

[0037] Figure 11 a side view of a wall module with Kiri stems to form a hinge corner,

[0038] Figure 12 shows a side view of a hinged corner made of wall modules and kiri stems.

[0039] According to Figure 1, a connecting dowel 1 made of wood according to the invention for connecting individual timber log elements 2 (compare Figures 2 - 7) and / or for connecting two timber construction modules 3 (compare Figures 3 - 7) has prongs 5 ​​on its outer surface 4, wherein the following relationship applies to a ratio of a prong surface Oz to a circumferential surface Ou (measured on an outer diameter of the prongs 5):

[0040] Oz / Ou > 2 / 1 .

[0041] The connecting dowel 1 shown in Figure 1 has a total of eighteen prongs 5, although more or fewer such prongs 5 ​​can of course also be provided. The surface ratio Oz / Ou > 2 / 1 defined according to the invention enables particularly reliable fixation of the connecting dowel 1 in the corresponding bores 6 of the wooden trunk element 2. An outer diameter DA of the connecting dowel 1 can be, for example, 25 mm, while an inner diameter of an associated bore 6 measures only 22 mm, thereby enabling reliable and firm pressing of the connecting dowel 1 into the associated bore 6. In general, the connecting dowel 1 can have an outer diameter DA between 24 mm and 30 mm, which enables comparatively easy handling.

[0042] At each longitudinal end, the connecting dowel 1 can have a chamfer, which simplifies pressing into a corresponding bore 6 and prevents jamming. Pressing the connecting dowels 1 into the corresponding bores 6 of the timber elements 2 preferably takes place fully automatically using appropriate machines, in particular using compressed air, hydraulics, or a punch.

[0043] The connecting dowel 1 can be made of hardwood, for example, beech, oak, ash, robinia, or maple, but alternatively also of a softwood, such as pine, fir, spruce, Douglas fir, or kiri wood. Regardless of the type of wood used, but particularly preferred with hardwood, the tips of the prongs 5 ​​dig into the inner surface of the bores 6, thereby creating a particularly strong tongue and groove connection, which can also compensate for different shrinkage dimensions caused by different types of wood used for the connecting dowel 1 and the log elements 2.

[0044] The timber log elements 2 are made from a solid trunk of Kiri wood (Paulownia) cut to length in the trunk direction 7, which corresponds to the axial direction of the timber log elements 2. The timber log elements 2 can therefore enable a particularly resource-efficient and thus sustainable construction method.

[0045] The use of kiri wood for the log elements 2 also enables dimensionally stable and lightweight construction due to kiri wood's comparatively low density. Furthermore, kiri wood has a high insulating effect, is virtually knot-free, easy to process, and has low thermal conductivity, thus providing optimal insulation. This allows the use of wall modules 8 made from individual log elements 2 (see Figures 7 to 12) with little or no additional external or internal insulation.

[0046] To produce the wooden trunk elements 2, individual trunks of Kiri trees are taken from plantations and, according to a first embodiment, cut to either a substantially square cross-section with two, respectively opposite parallel side surfaces 9 (compare Figures 2a and 3) or a substantially octagonal cross-section with four, respectively opposite parallel side surfaces 9 (compare Figure 2b). Since Kiri trees grow quickly, they also require less water during the growth phase, which is also an advantage. Felling a Kiri tree also causes it to sprout again and not, as is the case with other deciduous or coniferous trees, the root ball to die. This also makes it possible to manage it cost-effectively. Since the ignition temperature of Kiri wood is approximately 420°C, both Kiri wood and the wooden trunk elements 2 or 3 made from it areTimber construction modules 3 and wall modules 8 are extremely fire-resistant, for example, compared to conventional hardwoods, whose ignition temperature is approximately 220 °C. This is due to their very high compressive strength of between 26 and 37 N / mm. 2 In the direction of the trunk 7, compressive strengths of normal concrete can be easily achieved. This allows for the construction of comparatively tall and lightweight buildings.

[0047] Looking further at Figures 2a and 3, as well as Figure 7, it can be seen that the individual log elements 2 have a corner-free, square cross-section with the previously described side surfaces 9, with two adjacent side surfaces 9 merging into one another via a rounded corner region 10. The corner regions 10 are merely indicated in Figures 4-6, but for the sake of simplicity, are not precisely drawn. The log elements 2 shown in Figures 4 to 12 may be those corresponding to Figures 2a and / or Figure 2b.

[0048] In contrast, if one considers Figure 2b, one can see that the individual log elements 2 have a regular octagonal cross-section with the previously described side surfaces 9, with all side surfaces 9 being the same size. The bores 6 connect four opposite side surfaces 9 and are arranged orthogonally to each other at the same axial height, i.e., they intersect at the pith 11. The bores 6 are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction on the side surfaces 9.

[0049] In cross-section, each log element 2 has the pith 11 in the center (compare Figures 2 and 3) and sapwood 13 adjoining it radially outwards via annual rings 12, whereby a heartwood region 14 can also be provided between the sapwood 13 and the pith 11. The bark 15 adjoins the outer circumference, with the parallel side surfaces 9 having a sapwood surface, since the bark 15 has been removed from these side surfaces 9. The rounded corner regions 10, in turn, contain the bark 15, at least in some regions, and thus a bark surface, a bast surface and / or a cambium surface. In the rounded corner regions 10, the log element 2 is therefore unprocessed. Depending on the diameter of the kiri tree taken from a kiri wood plantation, log elements 2 are manufactured with side surfaces 9 with different parallel spacing.The larger the outer diameter, the larger the side surfaces 9 become in comparison to the rounded corner regions 10. According to Figures 3 - 12, timber construction modules 3 according to the invention are shown, which are formed from at least four, here eight in each case, timber trunk elements 2 made of Kiri wood. For the timber construction modules 3 described below, timber trunk elements 2 according to Figure 2a and / or Figure 2b can be used. The timber trunk elements 2 have a plurality of bores 6 aligned transversely to the trunk direction 7 for receiving a connecting dowel 1 shown in Figure 1, with two bores 6 crossing orthogonally. In each case, two bores 6 adjacent in the axial direction, i.e. in the trunk direction 7, always have the same axial distance.The individual wooden log elements 2 are connected to one another exclusively via several connecting dowels 1 aligned transversely to one another and pressed into corresponding bores 6, whereby the timber construction modules 3 are made of a single material, namely exclusively from wood. In particular, no further fixing agents such as screws, nails, glue or the like are used for the timber construction modules 3. The single material also makes dismantling and reusability particularly easy, since for dismantling, for example, only two connecting dowels 1 connecting the timber construction modules 3 need to be pressed out in order to be able to separate the two timber construction modules 3 from one another. This also allows for a wide variety of variants, since the timber construction modules 3 can not only be easily assembled, but can also be easily dismantled and combined to form other wall modules 8.

[0050] The connecting dowels 1 can be pressed alternately into the existing holes 6 at 90 degrees to each other, i.e., in every second hole 6, the connecting dowels 1 run parallel to each other. The log elements 2, like the connecting dowels 1, have a chamfer 16 on their longitudinal ends, which simplifies the insertion of the timber construction modules 3 and, in particular, prevents tilting.

[0051] If one considers the structural elements 3 according to Figures 4 - 7, one can see that at least two wooden trunk elements 2 are arranged offset from one another in the trunk direction 7 by at least one, here exactly one, bore 6.

[0052] The timber construction module 3 according to Fig. 4 is designed as a base module, wherein at one longitudinal end viewed in the trunk direction 7, here at the lower longitudinal end, all timber trunk elements 2 are arranged flush with one another, while at the opposite longitudinal end, here at the upper longitudinal end, they are arranged alternately offset from one another in the trunk direction 7 by at least one, here exactly one, bore 6. This makes it possible to place the timber construction module 3 designed as a base module on a flat surface 6.

[0053] Alternating in this case means that, for example, two diagonally adjacent wooden trunk elements 2 across their rounded corner areas 10 are arranged flush with each other on their end faces 18, whereby the flush end faces 18 extend in a zigzag manner towards each other.

[0054] The timber log elements 2, arranged alternately around a bore 6 at the upper longitudinal end, form a type of key, which interacts positively with a complementary lock of a timber construction module 3 placed on top of it. The timber construction modules 3 placed on top of each other in this way support each other via their end faces 18 of the individual timber log elements 2 and are thus capable of bearing high loads. Considering the arrangement shown in Fig.5, it can be seen that this is designed as a ceiling connection module, wherein at least two rows 19 of wooden trunk elements 2 are arranged at an upper longitudinal end, viewed in the trunk direction 7, with their surfaces flush with one another in the respective row 19, and wherein the rows 19 are offset from one another in the trunk direction 7 by at least one, here by exactly one, bore 6, while the individual wooden trunk elements 2 at the opposite longitudinal end, here at the lower longitudinal end, are arranged alternately offset from one another in the trunk direction 7 by at least one bore 6. In this case, arranged offset from one another by a bore 6 means that two adjacent wooden trunk elements 2 connected to one another via a side surface 9 are offset from one another in the trunk direction 7 by exactly the axial distance between two adjacent bores 6.

[0055] In Figure 6, the timber construction module 3 shown there is designed as an intermediate module, with the timber log elements 2 arranged alternately at both longitudinal ends, as seen in the log direction 7, offset from one another by a bore 6. This allows for a particularly effective interlocking of the individual timber construction modules 3 with one another.

[0056] According to Figure 7, a wall module 8 is shown, which comprises two timber construction modules 3 placed on top of one another, which are interlocked at a corner with another timber construction module 3 aligned orthogonally thereto. For the sake of clarity, corresponding bores 6 with connecting dowels 1 are shown only on some of the timber log elements 2. In general, floor, ceiling and roof modules as well as columns, lintels and beams can also be constructed in the same way using the timber construction modules 3 according to the invention. For this purpose, only longer, also four-sidedly flattened kirri logs would be used. These could be whole or half log lengths, which can be bolted to one another, offset in half if necessary, thus enabling longer component lengths.

[0057] A distance in the trunk direction 7 between two adjacent bores 6 can be, for example, 15 cm, while a length in the trunk direction 7 of the wooden trunk elements 2 can be, for example, 75 cm, 90 cm or 105 cm.

[0058] The individual wooden log elements 2 are manufactured as follows:

[0059] First, Kiri trees with a diameter of approximately 20 cm at breast height are felled, and an optimized division of the trunks is carried out in trunk direction 7. A lower part of the trunks has a diameter of approximately 18-22 cm at harvest time, while an upper part of the trunks has a diameter between 10 and 18 cm.

[0060] Subsequently, in a first embodiment according to Figure 2a, the logs are flattened on four sides to produce the side surfaces 9 using a double saw or a chipper, a milling machine, or a planer, followed by solar and technical drying. Subsequently, the individual wooden log elements 2 are planed to a square final dimension, and the holes 6 are drilled using a special machine. The longitudinal ends are again given a chamfer 16 or are conically beveled to achieve self-adjustment during assembly. In a second embodiment according to Figure 2b, the logs are flattened on eight sides to produce the side surfaces 9, in particular also using a double saw, a chipper, a milling machine, or a planer, followed by solar and technical drying.Subsequently, the individual log elements 2 are planed to an octagonal final dimension, and the holes 6 are drilled using a special machine. The longitudinal ends are then chamfered 16 or tapered to achieve self-adjustment during assembly.

[0061] The timber construction modules 3 and subsequently also the wall modules 8 are now created using a press that presses the connecting dowels 1 into the corresponding holes 6.

[0062] The wooden log elements 2 largely retain the Paulownia log structure, resulting in minimal processing effort during production and minimal material loss. The wooden log elements 2 can be produced largely automatically, achieving a high degree of standardization and thus a reduction in manufacturing costs. The wooden log elements 2 can be used to create floor, ceiling, roof, and wall modules 8 as well as columns and beams. Kiri wood or Paulownia wood possesses a high level of dimensional accuracy due to its low shrinkage and swelling behavior, whereby the wooden construction modules 3 made from the wooden log elements 2 exhibit high fire resistance, high load-bearing capacity, and high thermal insulation properties, so that additional insulation, particularly external insulation, is not required or only required to a very limited extent.In the area of ​​the rounded corners 10, the resulting cavities 20 (see Figure 3) can also be used as cable ducts. Figures 8 to 10 show different walls with wall modules 8 that are connected to each other at an acute angle a (see Figure 8), an obtuse angle a (see Figure 9), or via an arc (see Figure 10).

[0063] For this purpose, half cylinders 17 and full cylinders 21 made of round, milled whole kirri trunks are attached to the sides of the wall modules 8 using the connecting dowels 1 according to the invention. The half cylinders 17 can also be composed of quarter cylinders.

[0064] The use of thicker kiri trunks, dried as a whole and milled to a diameter equal to the thickness of the wall modules 8, is possible due to the extremely low cracking behavior of kiri wood. For the transition from the wall modules 8 to the hinge-like solid cylinder 21, the half cylinders 17 are fixed laterally to the wall module 8 with the serrated connecting dowels 1. This can be done either to the left or right of the wall modules 8, for base, intermediate, or ceiling connection modules, so that alternating, offset installation in the corner areas is possible. This creates a solid connection comparable to the right-angled corner joints described above.

[0065] To secure the solid cylinders 21, holes 6 are drilled, preferably orthogonal to the trunk direction 7, into which connecting dowels 1, particularly made of hardwood, are inserted. Here, too, non-destructive dismantling is easily possible by driving out the connecting dowels 1. After wall installation and, if necessary, the installation of cables in the vertical recesses or cavities 20, these can be flush-filled with heat-insulating material, such as sprayable, mineral-bonded Kiri wood chips (insulating plaster), thus efficiently utilizing processing residues from milling, planing, drilling, and sawing processes.

[0066] All in all, the timber construction modules 3 and wall modules 8 made from Kiri wood according to the invention can achieve a particularly sustainable, fast, CO2-saving and at the same time flexible and cost-effective construction method.

Claims

Patent claims 1. Connecting dowel (1) made of wood for connecting individual timber log elements (2) of a timber construction module (3) or for connecting two timber construction modules (3), - wherein the connecting dowel (1) has prongs (5) on a lateral surface (4), - where the following relationship applies to a ratio of a serrated surface Oz to a circumferential surface Ou: Oz / Ou 2 / 1 .

2. Connecting dowel (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting dowel (1) has eighteen prongs (5).

3. Connecting dowel (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the connecting dowel (1) has a chamfer on at least one longitudinal end.

4. Connecting dowel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting dowel (1) has an outer diameter DA of 24 mm < DA < 30 mm.

5. Connecting dowel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the connecting dowel (1) is made of beech wood, oak wood, ash wood, maple wood, robinia wood, pine wood, fir wood, spruce wood, Douglas fir wood or Kiri wood.

6. Timber construction module (3) with at least four timber log elements (2), - wherein the log elements (2) are made of Kiri wood, - wherein the wooden trunk elements (2) have a plurality of bores (6) aligned transversely to a trunk direction (7) for receiving a connecting dowel (1) according to one of the preceding claims, - whereby two holes (6) cross each other orthogonally, - wherein two adjacent holes (6) have the same distance in the direction of the trunk (7), - wherein the wooden trunk elements (2) are connected to one another exclusively via a plurality of connecting dowels (1) which are aligned transversely to one another and pressed into associated bores (6).

7. Timber construction module (3) according to claim 6, characterized in that the timber trunk elements (2) have a bevel (16) on their longitudinal ends.

8. Timber construction module (3) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that at least two timber trunk elements (2) are arranged offset from one another in the trunk direction (7) by a bore (6).

9. Timber construction module (3) according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that - that the individual log elements (2) have a corner-free square cross-section with two parallel side surfaces (9) each, with two adjacent side surfaces (9) merging into one another via a rounded corner area (10), or - that the individual log elements (2) have a regular octagonal cross-section with four parallel side surfaces (9) each.

10. Timber construction module (3) according to claim 9, first alternative, characterized in that - that the two parallel side surfaces (9) each have a sapwood surface, and / or - that the rounded corner regions (10) have at least in some regions a bark surface, a bast surface and / or a cambium surface.

11. Timber construction module (3) according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the timber construction module (3) is designed as a base module, wherein at one longitudinal end seen in the trunk direction (7) all timber trunk elements (2) are arranged with their end faces (18) flush with the surface, while at the opposite longitudinal end they are arranged with their end faces (18) alternately offset from one another in the trunk direction (7) by a bore (6).

12. Timber construction module (3) according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that the timber construction module (3) is designed as an intermediate module, wherein the timber trunk elements (2) at both longitudinal ends seen in the trunk direction (7) are arranged with their end faces (18) alternately offset from one another in the trunk direction (7) by a bore (6).

13. Timber construction module (3) according to one of claims 6 to 12, characterized in that that the timber construction module (3) is designed as a ceiling connection module, wherein at a longitudinal end seen in the trunk direction (7) at least two rows (19) of timber trunk elements (2) arranged in the respective row (19) with their surfaces flush with one another and wherein the two rows (19) are arranged offset from one another in the trunk direction (7) by at least one bore (6), while the individual timber trunk elements (2) at the opposite longitudinal end are arranged with their end faces (18) alternately offset from one another in the trunk direction (7) by at least one bore (6).

14. Timber construction module (3) according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that the timber trunk elements (3) are each made from a solid trunk cut to length in the trunk direction (7).

15. Wall module (8) with at least two timber construction modules (3) according to one of claims 6 to 14, which are connected to one another exclusively via connecting dowels (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5.

16. Wall module (8) according to claim 15, characterized in that half cylinders (17) and full cylinders (21) made of round milled whole kirri trunks are attached to the sides of the wall modules (8) by means of connecting dowels (1).

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