Dugout

Abstract

A dugout is provided in the form of a rapid-deployment earth shelter 1 having a protective roof 2 against plunging fire. The protective roof 2 is formed using a tree root system 16. Clay soil is cut out from beneath the tree root system 16 such as to form an individual casemate 3 for providing temporary shelter to a soldier. The casemate 3 has a vertical manhole 4. The chamber of the manhole 4 connects to the chamber of the casemate 3 in such a way that a seat / step 9 is formed in the bottom part of the manhole 4 at the entrance to the chamber of the casemate 3. The upper edge of the manhole 4 is level with the ground and is provided with a camouflage cover 5. The camouflage cover 5 is designed so that detachable parts thereof can be used to form a slidable peephole / vent 8 through which air can enter and portable observation and warning equipment 17 can be extended. The dugout provides more reliable protection against detection and plunging fire.

Description

[0001] Dugout

[0002] Field of technology. The invention relates to field fortification structures erected during engineering equipment of defensive positions and troop concentration areas, specifically to a dugout for individual protection of a soldier from overhead fire.

[0003] State of the art. Field dugouts are known / SU 1331152; RU 22234; RU 169611; RU 43573; RU 81224; RU 114703; RU 144968, RU 185553, RU 212507; RU 2278231; RU 2526076; RU 2758827; US 2005028854; "Military fortification structures. Part 1. The design and use of military fortification structures", Textbook, Moscow, VIA, 1997, 230 p.; Levykin V.I. Fortification: past and present. Moscow, Military Publishing House, 1987, p. 82; Russian Military Historical Dictionary. Moscow, Olma-Press, 2001, p. 83 (st. dugout). Manual on military engineering for the armed forces of the Russian Federation. M., Voenizdat, 2016, p. 48; Combat regulations for the preparation and conduct of combined arms combat. Part 3. M.: Voenizdat, 2005 / .

[0004] The closest known invention in terms of design and technical essence to the claimed invention is a dugout / RU 2758827 / , containing a quickly erected earthen shelter (RES) with a protective ceiling covering.

[0005] According to / RU 2758827 / the BVZU is made in the form of a pit dug with a sapper shovel in clay soil with the ability to accommodate an adult in a sitting or semi-recumbent position in the dug pit. The protective ceiling covering of the pit is made multilayered and contains transverse wooden joists covered with waterproof material, on top of which soil is poured. At the same time, the manhole in the BVZU is formed by the upper part of the pit not covered with joists and soil, and the part of the material, such as tarpaulin, not covered with soil forms a flexible cover for the manhole. The problem of the well-known dugout / RU 2758827 / is the increased unmasking associated with the need to form a larger pit visible to enemy optical surveillance systems, as well as the visible felling and thinning of trees for the protective covering joists. In addition, making the manhole cover out of fabric leads to additional unmasking of the BVZU due to its lifting in strong winds and shell explosions.The indicated problem leads to early detection of the location of the BVZRU under construction and its destruction by overhead fire.

[0006] The objective of the invention is to solve the stated problem, and the technical result is to increase the reliability of protection of the dugout from detection and damage by overhead fire.

[0007] The essence of invention

[0008] The solution to the specified problem and the achievement of the declared technical result are ensured by the fact that the dugout containing a quickly erected earthen shelter (RES) with a protective covering from overhead fire (PFC), according to the utility model, the root system of trees (RST) is used as the PFC of the dugout. In the clay soil under the RTS, a ground excavation is made with the formation of an individual casemate of a temporary shelter (IST) of a soldier. The STS is equipped with a vertical manhole - vestibule. The cavity of the manhole - vestibule is made adjacent to the cavity of the STS with the formation of a chair - step in the lower part of the manhole at the entrance to the cavity of the STS. Moreover, the upper edge of the manhole - vestibule is installed at the level of the ground surface and is equipped with a sliding camouflage cover (SCM) 5 with the formation of a sliding viewing slit (SVS) - vent 8.

[0009] Proof of achievement of the declared technical result.

[0010] The use of tree root systems (TRS) as a protective covering for a temporary shelter chamber (TSC) constructed in clay soil under the TSC eliminates the need to remove turf, dig an open pit of increased dimensions, and then cover the pit with wooden flooring, earth, and turf. Eliminating this need, as well as reducing the time for constructing a dugout, reduces the visibility of its construction and, as a result, improves the quality of camouflage and reduces the likelihood of detecting the location of the dugout by optical surveillance equipment.

[0011] At the same time, the implementation of the KVU in the form of a ground excavation (GRE) directly under the KSD allows for a reduction in the probability of the dugout being damaged by overhead mortar fire not only due to the increased strength of the KSD, but also due to the possibility of triggering the mine fuses on the tree crowns, weakening the shock wave and its pressure on the KSD.

[0012] The provision of a dugout with a vertical manhole-vestibule, the cavity of which is made adjacent to the cavity of the KVU with the formation of a step-chair in the lower part of the manhole at the entrance to the KVU cavity, allows a soldier in the event of the beginning of the collapse of the KSN from a powerful mine explosion to quickly leave the KVU due to the lack of a horizontal transition between the cavities of the manhole and the KVU, as well as due to the support of the feet on the step-chair and the hands on the upper edge of the manhole with the camouflage cover thrown off. The provision of a manhole with a sliding camouflage cover (SCM) allows not only to reduce the visibility of the manhole, but also to regulate the size of the vent in the SCM for air access and observation, as well as for its rapid release in the event of an emergency exit from the dugout.

[0013] In general, the indicated technical advantages of the proposed dugout make it possible to increase the reliability of the dugout’s protection from detection and damage by overhead fire.

[0014] The essence of the invention is explained by the drawings presented in Fig. 1 - Fig. 5. Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the structure of the proposed dugout, and Fig. 2 shows its cross section along line A-A. Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show an example of using the dugout as an observation post using a remote and retractable video camera, respectively, and Fig. 5 - as a control point for a quadcopter.

[0015] In Fig. 1-Fig. 5, the following are indicated in Arabic numerals: 1 - a quickly erected earthen shelter (RES);

[0016] 2 - protective coating against overhead fire (PFC);

[0017] 3 - individual temporary shelter casemate (TSC) for a soldier;

[0018] 4 - manhole - vestibule of casemate 3;

[0019] 5 - detachable camouflage cover (DMC) of the manhole - vestibule 4;

[0020] 6- braided base (braid)

[0021] 7 - turf - top layer RMK 5;

[0022] 8 - sliding viewing slit - air vent;

[0023] 9 - a step-chair for sitting and for the quick exit of a soldier from the dugout through the opening - vestibule 4;

[0024] 10 - running board;

[0025] 11 - flexible coating of the inner surface of the KVU 3;

[0026] 12 - pegs for fastening coverings 11.

[0027] 13, 14, 15 - front niche, left and right niche respectively;

[0028] 16 - root system of trees (RST);

[0029] 17 - surveillance and warning equipment (SWA);

[0030] 18 - entrenching tool;

[0031] 19 - container with drinking water;

[0032] 20- remote video camera;

[0033] 21 - remote receiving and transmitting antenna;

[0034] 22 - quadcopter;

[0035] 23 - radio line for transmitting surveillance and warning data.

[0036] Disclosure of the essence of the invention

[0037] According to Fig. 1 - Fig. 3, the dugout is made in the form of a quickly erected earthen shelter (RES) 1 with a protective covering 2 from overhead fire (PFC). The root system of 16 trees (KSD) is used as PFC 2. Under KSD 16, a ground excavation is made in the clay soil to form an individual casemate 3 of a temporary shelter (KVU) for a soldier. The cavity of the KVU 3 is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a height of 170-200 cm and a cross-section with a side of 100-120 cm. The KVU 3 is equipped with a vertical manhole-vestibule 4. The cavity of the manhole-vestibule 4 is made adjacent to the cavity of the KVU 3 with the formation of a chair-step 9 in the lower part of the manhole 4 at the entrance to the cavity of the KVU 3. On the front side of the inner surface of the KVU 3 relative to the chair-step 9, a niche 15 is made for the equipment for observation and notification (ANO), and on the sides of the KVU 3 in the immediate vicinity of the chair 9 of the step, the left 13 and right 14 niches for the entrenching tool 18 and drinking water 19, respectively.The step-chair 9 of the manhole 4 and the floor of the KVU 3 are covered with a walking flooring 10 made of hay, brushwood and / or burlap. The walls and ceiling of the KVU 3 can be covered with a flexible covering 11, for example burlap and / or polyethylene film, secured to the inner surface of the KVU 3 using wooden pegs 12 made of dry branches. Moreover, the upper edge of the manhole-vestibule 3 is installed at the level of the ground surface and is provided with a detachable camouflage cover (DMC) 5. The DMC 5 contains a base 6 woven from bush twigs and covered on the outside with turf 7. The said DMC 5 is designed with the possibility of forming a sliding viewing slit (SVS) between its detachable parts - an air vent 8 for air access and for the output through it of the corresponding means 17 of the surveillance and warning equipment (SWA).

[0038] Manufacturing of a bunker.

[0039] The dugout is made with camouflage measures. A tree with a powerful crown and root system is selected. Next, the place for digging the manhole - vestibule 4 under the crown of the selected tree is determined and the digging place is covered with a camouflage net from the enemy side (not shown in the figures). Next, using an entrenching tool, for example, a sapper shovel, the turf is removed in pieces from the place of digging the manhole - vestibule 4 and laid on a raincoat or on paper earthen bags. In the area cleared of turf in the place for the manhole - vestibule 4, they use a sapper shovel to extract soil to the required depth of the manhole - vestibule 4. After creating the manhole - vestibule 4, they descend into it and proceed to extract soil from the upper part of the casemate 3 towards the center of the KSD 16. When the depth of casemate 3 reaches the level of the floor of the manhole - vestibule 4, they move into the excavated cavity of casemate 3 and continue to extract soil to the required depth of casemate 3, forming a step 9.Next, sitting on a chair, they take soil from the front and side walls of casemate 3, forming recesses 13, 14, 15 for water 19, for entrenching tools 18 and for surveillance and warning equipment (SWA) 17, respectively. In the process of digging the manhole - vestibule 4 and casemate 3, the selected soil is placed in paper earthen bags or on a raincoat. Next, a pit for burying the excavated soil is found at the side of the dugout. The sod is removed from its bottom. Then the bunker soil collected in bags is poured into the pit and it is masked with sod from the bottom of the pit. After cleaning the bunker soil, two bases 6 are woven from branches and bush trunks - wickerwork for the RMK 5 of the manhole-vest 4. Next, the turf 7, previously removed from the place where the manhole-vest 4 was dug, is secured to the said wickerwork with camouflage twine or grass stems, forming the RMK 5.After the construction of the dugout is completed and the RMK 5 is installed at the entrance to the manhole-vestibule 4, the camouflage net is removed, forming a field of view of the ground and air space with the ANO equipment 17 from the BVZU 1 through the slit 8 vent using remote ground video cameras 20 and / or quadcopter video cameras 22.

[0040] Industrial applicability.

[0041] The invention is developed at the level of physical and mathematical modeling of dugouts for individual observation points (Fig. 3 - 4) and drone control points (Fig. 5). Modeling the use of dugouts in real combat conditions showed increased reliability of protection of dugouts of the presented design from detection and damage by overhead fire.

Claims

Invention formula 1. A dugout containing a quickly erected earthen shelter (RES) with a protective covering from overhead fire (PFC), characterized in that the RFC is made from the root system of trees (RST), under which a ground excavation is made in its clay soil to form an individual casemate of a temporary shelter (ICS) for a soldier, the ICS is equipped with a vertical manhole - vestibule, the cavity of which is made adjacent to the cavity of the ICS with the formation of a step chair in the lower part of the manhole - vestibule at the entrance to the cavity of the ICS, wherein the upper edge of the manhole - vestibule is installed at ground level and is equipped with a detachable camouflage cover (RMC).

2. A dugout according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the cavity of the KVU is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a height of 170-200 cm and a cross-section with a side of 100-120 cm, and the vestibule is in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a height of 800-100 cm and a cross-section with a side of (100-120) cm.

3. A dugout according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the RMK contains a base woven from bush rods and covered on the outside with turf.

4. The dugout according to paragraph 3, characterized in that the RMK is designed with the possibility of forming a sliding ventilation gap (SVG) between its detachable parts and with the possibility of removing remote means of surveillance and warning equipment (SWA) through the SVG.

5. A dugout according to paragraph 1, characterized in that on the front side of the inner surface of the KVU relative to the chair-step there is a niche for surveillance and warning equipment (SWA), and on the sides of the KVU in the immediate vicinity of the chair-step there are left and right niches for entrenching tools and for drinking water, respectively.

6. A dugout according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the walls and ceiling of the bunker are covered with burlap and / or polyethylene film, secured to the inner surface of the bunker using wooden pegs made from dry branches.

7. A dugout according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the step chair and the floor of the dugout are covered with a walking floor made of hay, brushwood and / or burlap.

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