Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to an aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a setting related to a beam report to which artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction is applied; and a control unit that performs control so as to report five or more beams in one report on the basis of the setting.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Also, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] Regarding future wireless communication technologies, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0006] For example, Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI) feedback is being considered, which may use beam prediction.

[0007] However, there has been insufficient consideration of beam reporting in cases where beam prediction can be used. Without sufficient consideration, it may be impossible to achieve appropriate overhead reduction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0008] Therefore, one of the objects of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can improve communication quality / throughput.

[0009] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure has a receiving unit that receives settings regarding beam reporting to which artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction is applied, and a control unit that controls the reporting of five or more beams within one report based on the settings.

[0010] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, communication quality / throughput can be improved.

[0011] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a management framework for an AI model. FIGS. 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating an example of AI-based beam reporting. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI report for multi-group-based beam reporting in Rel. 17 NR and later. FIGS. 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating variations of spatial domain DL beam prediction. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the relationship between relative power and angle between adjacent beams. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam prediction in a network-side model according to aspect 3-1. FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating an example of the range and number of bits of L1-RSRP according to aspect 3-2. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of grouping of CSI-RS resource sets according to embodiment 1.1. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an association between CSI report settings and CSI resource settings according to embodiment 1.2. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of grouping of CSI-RS resource sets according to embodiment 1.3. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI reporting operation between a UE and a base station according to embodiment 1.3. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI report according to embodiment 1.3. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of grouping of CSI-RS resource sets according to embodiment 1.4. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI reporting operation between a UE and a base station according to embodiment 1.4. FIGs. 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrating an example of a CSI report according to embodiment 1.4. FIGs. 16 are diagrams illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.1. FIGs. 17A and 17B are diagrams illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.1.1. FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI report according to embodiment 2.1. FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.1.5. FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating resource selection according to a modified example. FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.1.1. FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.1.2. FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating another example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.1.2. FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.2. Fig. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI report according to embodiment 2.2.2 Fig. 26 is a diagram illustrating another example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.2.Fig. 27 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. Fig. 28 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. Fig. 29 is a diagram showing an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 30 is a diagram showing an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 31 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0012] (CSI Report or Reporting) In Rel. 15 / 16 NR, a terminal (also referred to as a user terminal, User Equipment (UE), etc.) generates (also referred to as determining, calculating, estimating, measuring, etc.) channel state information (CSI) based on a reference signal (RS) (or a resource for the RS), and transmits (also referred to as reporting, feedback, etc.) the generated CSI to a network (e.g., a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station using, for example, an uplink control channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)).

[0013] The RS used to generate the CSI may be, for example, at least one of a Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), a Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, a Synchronization Signal (SS), a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), etc.

[0014] The CSI-RS may include at least one of a non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS and a CSI-Interference Management (CSI-IM). The SS / PBCH block is a block including an SS and a PBCH (and corresponding DMRS), and may be referred to as an SS block (SSB). The SS may include at least one of a primary synchronization signal (PSS) and a secondary synchronization signal (SSS).

[0015] The CSI may include at least one of a Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), a SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), a Layer Indicator (LI), a Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio), and the like.

[0016] The UE may receive information related to CSI reporting (report configuration information) and control CSI reporting based on the report configuration information. The report configuration information may be, for example, "CSI-ReportConfig" of an information element (IE) of Radio Resource Control (RRC). Note that in the present disclosure, the RRC IE may be interchangeably read as an RRC parameter, an upper layer parameter, or the like.

[0017] The reporting configuration information (e.g., "CSI-ReportConfig" of the RRC IE) may include, for example, at least one of the following: - Information on the type of CSI report (report type information, e.g., "reportConfigType" of the RRC IE) - Information on one or more quantities of CSI to be reported (one or more CSI parameters) (report quantity information, e.g., "reportQuantity" of the RRC IE) - Information on RS resources used to generate the quantities (the CSI parameters) (resource information, e.g., "CSI-ResourceConfigId" of the RRC IE) - Information on the frequency domain targeted for CSI reporting (frequency domain information, e.g., "reportFreqConfiguration" of the RRC IE)

[0018] For example, the report type information may indicate a periodic CSI (P-CSI) report, an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report, or a semi-persistent CSI (SP-CSI) report.

[0019] Furthermore, the reporting amount information may specify a combination of at least one of the above CSI parameters (for example, CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, LI, L1-RSRP, etc.).

[0020] In Rel. 15 / 16 / 17, the CRI / SSBRI fields are determined based on the number of CSI-RS resources or the number of SS / PBCH blocks in a resource set, respectively.

[0021] In addition, in Rel. 17, the CSI report includes information on the CRI / SSBRI / L1-RSRP / L1-SINR and the corresponding panel. This information may be called a Capability Index and has a bit width of 2 bits.

[0022] (Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology to Wireless Communications) With regard to future wireless communications technologies, the use of AI technology such as machine learning (ML) for network / device control and management is being considered.

[0023] For example, it is being considered that terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) / base stations (BSs) will utilize AI technology to improve channel state information (Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI)) feedback (e.g., reduced overhead, improved accuracy, prediction), improve beam management (e.g., improved accuracy, prediction in the time / space domain), and improve position measurement (e.g., improved position estimation / prediction).

[0024] Based on the input information, the AI ​​model may output at least one information such as an estimate, a prediction, a selected action, a classification, etc. The UE / BS may input channel state information, reference signal measurements, etc. to the AI ​​model and output highly accurate channel state information / measurements / beam selection / location, future channel state information / radio link quality, etc.

[0025] In the present disclosure, AI may be interpreted as an object (also called a subject, object, data, function, program, etc.) that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Estimation based on observed or collected information; - Selection based on observed or collected information; - Prediction based on observed or collected information.

[0026] In the present disclosure, estimation, prediction, and inference may be used interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, estimate, predict, and infer may be used interchangeably.

[0027] In the present disclosure, an object may be, for example, an apparatus, device, etc., such as a UE or a BS. Also, in the present disclosure, an object may correspond to a program / model / entity that operates in the apparatus.

[0028] Also, in the present disclosure, an AI model may be interpreted as an object that has (performs) at least one of the following characteristics: - Generates an estimate by feeding information; - Predicts an estimate by feeding information; - Discovers features by feeding information; - Selects an action by feeding information.

[0029] Additionally, in this disclosure, an AI model may refer to a data-driven algorithm that applies AI techniques to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.

[0030] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms AI model, model, ML model, predictive analytics, predictive analysis model, tool, autoencoder, encoder, decoder, neural network model, AI algorithm, etc. may be interchangeable. The AI ​​model may be derived using at least one of regression analysis (e.g., linear regression analysis, multiple regression analysis, logistic regression analysis), support vector machine, random forest, neural network, deep learning, etc.

[0031] In this disclosure, the term "autoencoder" may be interchangeably referred to as any autoencoder, such as a stacked autoencoder, a convolutional autoencoder, etc. The encoder / decoder of this disclosure may employ a model such as a Residual Network (ResNet), a DenseNet, or a RefineNet.

[0032] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, the terms encoder, encoding, encode / encoded, modification / alteration / control by an encoder, compressing, compress / compressed, generating, generate / generated, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0033] In addition, in the present disclosure, decoder, decoding, decode / decoded, modification / alteration / control by decoder, decompressing, decompress / decompressed, reconstructing, reconstruct / reconstructed, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0034] In the present disclosure, a layer (of an AI model) may be interchangeably read as a layer (such as an input layer or an intermediate layer) used in the AI ​​model. The layer in the present disclosure may correspond to at least one of an input layer, an intermediate layer, an output layer, a batch normalization layer, a convolutional layer, an activation layer, a dense layer, a normalization layer, a pooling layer, an attention layer, a dropout layer, a fully connected layer, etc.

[0035] In this disclosure, methods for training an AI model may include supervised learning, unsupervised learning, reinforcement learning, federated learning, etc. Supervised learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs and corresponding labels. Unsupervised learning may refer to the process of training a model without labeled data. Reinforcement learning may refer to the process of training a model from inputs (i.e., states) and feedback signals (i.e., rewards) resulting from the model's outputs (i.e., actions) in an environment with which the model interacts.

[0036] In the present disclosure, terms such as generate, calculate, derive, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as implement, operate, operate, execute, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as train, learn, update, retrain, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as infer, after-training, live use, actual use, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, signal may be interchangeable with signal / channel.

[0037] 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a framework for managing an AI model. In this example, each stage related to an AI model is shown as a block. This example is also referred to as lifecycle management of an AI model.

[0038] The data collection stage corresponds to a stage of collecting data for generating / updating an AI model. The data collection stage may include data organization (e.g., determining which data to transfer for model training / model inference), data transfer (e.g., transferring data to an entity (e.g., UE, gNB) that performs model training / model inference), etc.

[0039] Note that data collection may refer to a process in which data is collected by a network node, a management entity, or a UE for the purpose of AI model training / data analysis / inference. In the present disclosure, the terms "process" and "procedure" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0040] In the model training stage, model training is performed based on the data (training data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model training / validation, model testing (e.g., verifying whether the trained model meets a performance threshold), model exchange (e.g., transferring the model for distributed learning), and model deployment / update (deploying / updating the model to the entity that will perform model inference).

[0041] It should be noted that AI model training may refer to a process for training an AI model in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI model for inference.

[0042] AI model validation may also refer to a sub-process of training that evaluates the quality of an AI model using a dataset different from the dataset used to train the model, which helps select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used to train the model.

[0043] AI model testing may also refer to a sub-process of training for evaluating the performance of the final AI model using a dataset different from that used for model training / validation. Note that, unlike validation, testing does not necessarily require subsequent model tuning.

[0044] In the model inference stage, model inference is performed based on the data (inference data) transferred from the collection stage. This stage may include data preparation (e.g., performing data preprocessing, cleaning, formatting, transformation, etc.), model inference, model monitoring (e.g., monitoring the performance of model inference), model performance feedback (feeding back model performance to the entity training the model), and output (providing model output to the actor).

[0045] Additionally, AI model inference may refer to the process of using a trained AI model to produce a set of outputs from a set of inputs.

[0046] Also, a UE side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the UE, and a network side model may refer to an AI model whose inference is performed entirely in the network (e.g., gNB).

[0047] Also, a one-sided model may refer to a UE-side model or a network-side model. A two-sided model may refer to a pair of AI models in which joint inference is performed. Here, joint inference may include AI inference in which the inference is performed jointly across the UE and the network, e.g., a first part of the inference may be performed first by the UE and the remaining part by the gNB (or vice versa).

[0048] In addition, AI model monitoring may refer to a process for monitoring the inference performance of an AI model, and may be interchangeably read as model performance monitoring, performance monitoring, etc.

[0049] Note that model registration may refer to assigning a version identifier to a model and making the model executable by compiling it into the specific hardware used in the inference stage, and model deployment may refer to distributing (or activating) a fully developed and tested model runtime image (or execution environment image) to (or enabling) a target (e.g., UE / gNB) where inference will be performed.

[0050] An actor stage may include action triggers (e.g., deciding whether to trigger an action on another entity), feedback (e.g., feeding back information needed for training data / inference data / performance feedback), etc.

[0051] For example, training of a model for mobility optimization may be performed in, for example, Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM) / gNodeB (gNB) in a network (NW). In the former case, interoperability, large-capacity storage, operator manageability, and model flexibility (feature engineering, etc.) are advantageous. In the latter case, the latency of model updates and the need for data exchange for model deployment are advantageous. Inference of the above model may be performed in, for example, a gNB.

[0052] The entity that performs training / inference may vary depending on the use case (i.e., the function of the AI ​​model), which may include beam management, beam prediction, autoencoder (or information compression), positioning, etc.

[0053] For example, for AI-assisted beam management based on measurement reports, the OAM / gNB may perform model training and the gNB may perform model inference.

[0054] For AI-assisted UE-assisted positioning, a Location Management Function (LMF) may perform model training and the LMF may perform model inference.

[0055] For CSI feedback / channel estimation using an autoencoder, the OAM / gNB / UE may perform model training and the gNB / UE may perform model inference (jointly).

[0056] For AI-assisted beam management or AI-assisted UE-based positioning based on beam measurements, the OAM / gNB / UE may perform model training and the UE may perform model inference.

[0057] Note that model activation may mean activating an AI model for a specific function, model deactivation may mean disabling an AI model for a specific function, and model switching may mean deactivating a currently active AI model for a specific function and activating a different AI model.

[0058] Model transfer may also refer to distributing an AI model over the air interface. This distribution may include distributing parameters of a model structure already known at the receiving end, or a new model with parameters, or both. This distribution may include a complete model or a partial model. Model download may refer to transferring a model from the network to the UE. Model upload may refer to transferring a model from the UE to the network.

[0059] (Beam Prediction Using a Network-Side AI Model) In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 18 and later), the introduction of beam management with beam prediction is being considered. Furthermore, as a use case for utilizing an AI model, spatial domain downlink (DL) beam prediction or temporal DL beam prediction using a one-sided AI model in the UE or the network is being considered. Such a beam prediction method may be referred to as AI-based beam prediction (beam reporting), AI-based beam management (Beam Management (BM)), or the like. In the present disclosure, beam prediction using a network-side AI model is exemplified.

[0060] Spatial Domain DL Beam Prediction and Temporal DL Beam Prediction Time domain beam prediction may be performed in the UE and / or the base station.

[0061] 2A and 2B are diagrams illustrating an example of AI-based beam reporting. Fig. 2A shows spatial domain DL beam prediction. A UE / base station may measure a spatially sparse (or thick) beam, input the measurement results, etc., into an AI model, and output a predicted beam quality result for a spatially dense (or thin) beam.

[0062] 2B shows temporal DL beam prediction. The UE / base station may measure a time series of beams, input the measurement results into an AI model, and output a prediction result of the beam quality of a future beam.

[0063] Note that spatial domain DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 1, and temporal DL beam prediction may be referred to as BM case 2.

[0064] Furthermore, the beams associated with the output (prediction result) of the AI ​​model may be referred to as beam set A. The beams associated with the input of the AI ​​model may be referred to as beam set B.

[0065] In addition, in the above-described BM Case 1 and BM Case 2, the beam sets A and B may be in the same frequency band.

[0066] Candidates for input to the AI ​​model for BM Case 1 / 2 include L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), assistance information (e.g., beam shape information, UE position / direction information, transmit beam usage information), channel impulse response (CIR) information, and corresponding DL transmit / receive beam IDs.

[0067] Possible outputs of the AI ​​model for BM Case 1 include the IDs of the top K (K is an integer) transmit / receive beams, the predicted L1-RSRP of these beams, the probability that each beam will be in the top K, and the angles of these beams.

[0068] In addition to the candidate outputs of the AI ​​model in BM Case 1, the candidate outputs of the AI ​​model in BM Case 2 include predicted beam obstructions.

[0069] In this disclosure, a sparse (or thick / wide) beam may refer to a beam (pattern) that is sparsely distributed in the spatial / angular domain, and a dense (or thin / narrow) beam may refer to a beam (pattern) that is densely distributed in the spatial / angular domain.

[0070] In this disclosure, the input / output information of the AI ​​model (e.g., the beam measurement results and beam quality prediction results described above) may be referred to as AI model information.

[0071] (Group-based beam reporting) For future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 17 and later), beam management-related extensions (e.g., beam reports suitable for multiple TRPs, which may also be called extended group-based beam reporting) are being considered for user terminals (user equipment (UE)) with multiple panels (multi-panels), multiple transmission / reception points (multi-TRPs), etc.

[0072] Group-based beam reporting allows a group containing multiple (e.g., two) CRIs / SSBRIs to be reported in a single report, making it suitable for applications involving multi-TRP transmission, multi-panel reception, etc. For example, it can be used to report the best beam for TRP1 as RSRP#1 and the best beam for TRP2 as differential RSRP#2.

[0073] In Rel. 15 and 16, a UE with group-based beam reporting enabled can report only one group containing two different CRIs / SSBRIs (which may be read as beam indices) for each reporting configuration. Therefore, it is expected that the number of groups that can be reported by group-based beam reporting will be expanded for Rel. 17.

[0074] For example, two resource sets for channel measurement (e.g., CMR sets) may be configured / triggered to periodic / semi-persistent / aperiodic resource types. The two resource sets for channel measurement (e.g., CMR sets) may be, for example, two CSI-SSB resource sets / two NZP-CSI-RS resource sets. The UE may be configured to be able to report up to four CRI / SSBRI groups. Note that the number of groups that can be reported (or the number of candidates, 1 / 2 / 3 / 4) may be configured by a higher layer parameter (e.g., nrofReportedGroups).

[0075] Each group may have multiple (e.g., two) CRIs / SSBRIs, and the CRIs / SSBRIs in each group may be selected from two CSI resource sets (CSI-SSB-resource set / NZP-CSI-RS-resource set) for reporting settings, respectively. The two CRIs / SSBRIs in each group may also mean that the UE can simultaneously receive them (e.g., simultaneously receive them using one spatial domain receive filter).

[0076] 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI report when performing extended group-based beam reporting. In FIG. 3, a mapping order of CSI fields included in one report (e.g., n-th CSI report #n) for group-based CSI / RSRP or SSBRI / RSRP reporting is shown.

[0077] A CSI report may include up to X (e.g., X=4) resource groups. Each group includes multiple (e.g., two) CRIs / SSBRIs. Here, a case is shown in which CRI or SSBRI#1 and CRI or SSBRI#2 are reported for each resource group.

[0078] A resource set index (e.g., Resource Set Indicator) may be included in the CSI field. The value of the resource set index may indicate the CSI resource set associated with the largest measured value of L1-RSRP. The value of the resource set index may indicate the CSI resource set from which the CRI or SSBRI#1 of the first resource group is reported. For example, a 1-bit resource set indicator having a value of 0 or 1 indicates the first or second CSI resource set, respectively, from which the CRI or SSBRI#1 of the first resource group may be reported. All remaining resource groups (e.g., if there are other resource groups to be reported) follow the same mapping order as the first resource group. For example, the CRI or SSBRI#1 of all remaining resource groups may be reported (or selected) from the CSI resource set indicated by the resource set index.

[0079] That is, the CRI or SSBRI#1 of each group may be reported (or selected) from a CSI resource set indicated by a resource set indicator, and the CRI or SSBRI#2 may be reported (or selected) from another CSI resource set. In this way, in all resource groups, the CRI or SSBRI#1 and the CRI or SSBRI#2 may be reported from different CSI resource sets.

[0080] Also, the RSRP corresponding to the beam index (e.g., CRI or SSBRI) of each resource group is reported. For example, the RSRP of the CRI or SSBRI of a specific group may be reported, and the difference between the RSRP of the CRI or SSBRI of the specific group and the other RSRP may be reported. The RSRP of the CRI or SSBRI of the specific group may be the RSRP of the CRI or SSBRI #1 of the first resource group.

[0081] The enhanced group-based beam reporting may be configured (or enabled / activated) by a predetermined higher layer parameter (e.g., groupBasedBeamReporting-r17). Alternatively, the enhanced group-based beam reporting may be determined to be enabled when a higher layer parameter (e.g., nrofReportedGroups-r17) regarding the number of groups to report is configured.

[0082] (Spatial Domain DL Beam Prediction Pattern) As described in Figure 2, spatial domain DL beam prediction (BM Case 1) enables optimal beam estimation based on measurement results (CSI reports) of spatially sparse beams.

[0083] 4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating variations of spatial domain DL beam prediction. In cases where the channel between the base station and the UE consists of multiple transmission paths (multipath) (e.g., in the case of Non-Line of Site (NLOS)), beam prediction that covers a wide area with fewer beam measurement results is possible by using measurement results based on multiple beams directed in all directions (the beams directed have a radial shape) as input, as shown in the figures. The input measurement results do not necessarily include the measurement results of the best beam. In such a multipath environment, a method of determining / selecting CRI / SSBRI to cover a wide space is effective.

[0084] On the other hand, in the case where the channel is multipath, it is difficult to perform appropriate beam prediction when measurement results based on multiple beams (adjacent beams) having directionality in a certain direction, as shown in Figure 4B, are used as input.

[0085] Measurements based on overlapping beams (adjacent beams), such as those shown in Figure 4B, are suitable for beam prediction in cases where the channel is biased in one direction and has a dominant path (e.g., a Line of Site (LOS) case). The beam angle can be estimated from measurements of at least two adjacent beams.

[0086] FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the relative power and angle between adjacent beams. The horizontal axis represents the beam angle, and the vertical axis represents the beam's received power. FIG. 5 illustrates a case where at least two adjacent beams (RS resource #i, RS resource #i+1) overlap, as described in FIG. 4B. According to FIG. 5, the relative power between the adjacent beams can be calculated from the received power of each of the two adjacent beams, and the angle of the corresponding beam can be estimated from the relative power. In such a dominant path environment, a method for determining / selecting CRI / SSBRI (corresponding to adjacent beams) for predicting a beam with directionality in a certain direction is effective.

[0087] (Set A / Set B / Set C of Beams) In beam prediction using an AI model, Set A / Set B / Set C are considered as sets of beams for input / output of the AI ​​model.

[0088] As mentioned above, set A may be beams for which the AI ​​model outputs, e.g., set A may be beams / RSs (reference signals) (resources) for which beam quality is predicted.

[0089] Set B may be a beam related to the input of the AI ​​model. For example, set B may be a beam / RS (resource) whose beam measurements (measurement results) are used to derive the input of the AI ​​model.

[0090] Set C may be beams related to the input of the AI ​​model. For example, set C may be measured beams / RS (resources). Set B mentioned above may be included in set C. More specifically, set B may be the same as set C or may be a part (subset) of set C. In other words, set C may be a set of beams that are measured in advance to select set B.

[0091] <Set A / Set B / Set C on the NW Side> On the NW side, part of Set A may be indicated by the NW after beam prediction. Also, Set B may be part / all of the RSs for which measurement values / measurement results are reported. The RSs for which measurement values / measurement results are reported may be referred to as reported RS resources. Set C may be measured RSs. The measured RSs may be referred to as measured RS resources.

[0092] <Set A / Set B / Set C on UE side> On the UE side, Set A may be the reported RS resources, Set B may be called measured RSs or measured RS resources, and Set C may be called measured RSs or measured RS resources.

[0093] In this way, regardless of whether it is the NW side or the UE side, set B and set C may be interpreted as interchangeable. Also, as described above, set A may be referred to as a beam / RS (resource) related to the output of the AI ​​model, and set B and set C may be referred to as a beam / RS (resource) related to the input of the AI ​​model.

[0094] (Analysis) Incidentally, with regard to the AI-based beam prediction as described above, there is still room for further study as to what information (beam set) the UE / NW should use to predict and report the beam.

[0095] In addition, when the network performs beam prediction, it is considered that the UE reports five or more beam measurements [results]. For example, when reporting (transmitting) four or less beam measurements, this can be achieved by applying existing specifications. In other words, it is necessary to clarify (extend) the provisions for reporting five or more beam measurements.

[0096] As such, unless the regulations for beam reporting regarding beam prediction using AI technology are clarified, it may not be possible to achieve appropriate overhead reduction, highly accurate channel estimation, and highly efficient resource utilization based on beam prediction, which may hinder improvements in communication throughput and communication quality.

[0097] Therefore, the present inventors have conceived of content related to a suitable beam report. Note that each embodiment of the present disclosure may be applied when AI is not used (for example, when prediction is performed using a function).

[0098] Based on this, the present inventors have conceived a new method for beam reporting.

[0099] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0100] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0101] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0102] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0103] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0104] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0105] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0106] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0107] In the present disclosure, the terms drop, abort, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, do not transmit, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0108] In the present disclosure, the terms index, identifier (ID), indicator, resource ID, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0109] In the present disclosure, the terms panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmitting entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CORESET), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port), antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relation group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), resource (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), resource set (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, downlink Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state) (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, Quasi-Co-Location (QCL), QCL assumption, etc. may be read as interchangeable.

[0110] In the present disclosure, base station, gNB, and network (NW) may be read interchangeably.

[0111] In the present disclosure, the CSI-RS resource set, the configuration parameters of the CSI-RS resource set, the NZP CSI-RS resource set, the configuration parameters of the NZP CSI-RS resource set (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet), the configuration parameters of the resource set of the SSB for CSI measurement (CSI-SSB-ResourceSet), and the configuration parameters of the resource set of the CSI-IM (CSI-IM-ResourceSet) may be read as interchangeable.

[0112] In the present disclosure, the terms cell, PCI, serving cell, source serving cell, source cell, CC, BWP, BWP within a CC, and band may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, the terms cell, PCI, cell with an additional PCI, additional cell, other cell, non-serving cell, cell with a different PCI, candidate cell, candidate serving cell, cell with a PCI different from the PCI of the current serving cell, another serving cell, and target cell may be interchangeable. The target cell may be a cell selected from multiple candidate cells. In the present disclosure, the terms switch, change, and update may be interchangeable. The serving cell may be interchangeable with the serving cell before the switch or the serving cell after the switch.

[0113] In the present disclosure, in the present disclosure, CSI-RS resources, CSI-RS resource configuration parameters, NZP CSI-RS resources, NZP CSI-RS resource configuration parameters (NZP-CSI-RS-Resource), CSI resources, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0114] In this disclosure, beam reporting using AI technology (beam reporting based on beam prediction) may simply be referred to as beam reporting / CSI reporting / L1-RSRP / SINR beam reporting.

[0115] In this disclosure, a resource may refer to a reference signal resource, and may be interchangeably referred to as a recommended / predicted / measured resource. A resource may refer to a resource in the time / frequency / code / spatial domain, etc. In this disclosure, a resource may be identified by at least one of a resource indicator, a capability index, a beam ID, etc.

[0116] In this disclosure, the term "beam" may be interchangeably referred to as "recommended / predicted / measured beam." In this disclosure, the terms "beam" and "resource" may be interchangeably referred to.

[0117] In the present disclosure, L1-RSRP may be interchangeably read as L1-RSRP / SINR, Layer-X (LX (e.g., X = 1, 2, 3, ...)-RSRP / SINR, RSRP / SINR, predicted / measured L1-RSRP / SINR, predicted / measured value (predicted value / measured value), non-probability value related to predicted / measured received power or reception quality (non-probability measurement / prediction result), etc. Also, in the present disclosure, L1-RSRP, a top-X probability described below, a top-X' / 1 probability described below, etc. may be interchangeably read as input candidates (e.g., CIR) for the AI ​​model of the above-mentioned BM case 1 / 2.

[0118] In the present disclosure, the unified TCI state, the joint TCI state, the DL / UL TCI state, the separate TCI state, and the separate DL / UL TCI state may be interchangeable. Also, the indicated joint TCI state, the indicated DL / UL TCI state, and the indicated TCI state may be interchangeable.

[0119] In the present disclosure, the terms table, mapping, and association may be read interchangeably.

[0120] In the present disclosure, the terms list and pool may be read interchangeably.

[0121] In the present disclosure, the (new) MAC CE, UCI, cell switch command, beam switch command, beam report MAC CE, and cell switch MAC CE may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0122] In the present disclosure, the event-based beam report may be reported in a PUSCH (e.g., a configuration grant PUSCH, a grant-based PUSCH). That is, the report content in the present disclosure may be transmitted using at least one of MAC CE / UCI / PUCCH / PUSCH.

[0123] In the present disclosure, CSI report and report may be read interchangeably.

[0124] In the present disclosure, the terms report, resource for report, and resource may be interchangeable. For example, a first resource and a first report may be interchangeable, and a second resource and a second report may be interchangeable.

[0125] In the present disclosure, the number of beams and the number of resources may be read interchangeably.

[0126] In this disclosure, ACK may be referred to as a positive acknowledgement, and NACK may be referred to as a negative acknowledgement.

[0127] In the present disclosure, the terms QCL source and QCL resource may be read interchangeably.

[0128] In the present disclosure, the RS to be measured may be a QCL source RS in an active / indicated TCI state.

[0129] (Wireless communication method) The embodiments of the present disclosure can be broadly categorized as follows: ・Embodiment 0: Multiple (five or more) beam reports. ・Embodiment 1: Reporting content (content / components). ・Embodiment 2: [L1-] RSRP / SINR differential [value] / absolute [value]. ・Embodiment 3: Additional embodiment applicable to beam reporting. Each embodiment will be described below based on these.

[0130] The UE may perform beam report control (transmission control) by applying each embodiment described later. The NW / BS / gNB may provide / transmit to the UE settings / instructions, etc. for the UE to realize the control. Furthermore, the NW / BS / gNB may perform various controls necessary to receive the beam report from the UE.

[0131] In the present disclosure, each embodiment / option may be applied alone or in combination with other embodiments / options.

[0132] Note that while this disclosure exemplifies beam reporting to which beam prediction based on AI technology is applied, it may also be applied to normal beam reporting in which AI technology is not used.

[0133] <Tenth embodiment> The tenth embodiment relates to multiple (five or more) beam reports.

[0134] In addition to the above-mentioned CSI-RS resources, channel measurements (beam measurements), beam reports, etc., the UE may control the reporting of beam measurements by applying the first to third embodiments described below.

[0135] In this disclosure, beam measurement reports may be read interchangeably as beam reports.

[0136] In the present disclosure, the number of measurements, the number of beams, the number of resources [for measurement], and the number of reports may be read interchangeably.

[0137] The UE may control the beam reporting based on the number of measurements (e.g., [L1 / L3-] RSRP / SINR), the number of beam [ID] / resource [ID] (SSBRI / CRI).

[0138] For example, the UE may apply the contents of the present disclosure to perform beam reporting when the number of measurements / number of beams (resources) [IDs] in one report is greater than X.

[0139] The X (e.g., X=4) may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, may be predefined by a specification, may be determined according to UE capabilities, or may be determined based on UE implementation.

[0140] <Modification 1> Furthermore, the UE may determine which reporting method (which embodiment) to apply based on (according to) the value of X (i.e., the number of measurements / the number of beams, etc.).

[0141] For example, the UE may apply the first to third embodiments in the following cases of Opt1 to Opt2.

[0142] (Opt1) When the number of measurements / number of beams is X.

[0143] (Opt2) When the number of measurements / beams is greater than Y and less than Z.

[0144] The X, Y, and Z (hereinafter the same) may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, may be predefined by a specification, may be determined according to UE capabilities, or may be determined based on UE implementation.

[0145] In addition, the UE may perform beam reporting by applying the contents of the present disclosure when the number of measurements / number of beams (resources) [IDs] in one report is greater than X.

[0146] <Modification 2> If the number of measurements / the number of beams in one report is smaller than X, the UE is not (may not) be expected to apply the following embodiment.

[0147] <Variation 3> If the number of measurements / beams in one report is smaller than Y or larger than Y, the UE is not expected (and may not need) to apply the following embodiment.

[0148] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately control beam reporting based on the number of measurements / number of beams / number of resources.

[0149] First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to the contents (contents / components) to be reported.

[0150] <Report Content> The report content (content / component) may include at least one of the following Opt1 to Opt4.

[0151] (Opt1) The UE may report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR without including the SSBRI / CRI, i.e., the UE may report only the [L1-] RSRP / SINR.

[0152] (Opt2) The UE may report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR together with the corresponding SSBRI / CRI. That is, the UE may report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR and SSBRI / CRI as in the existing specifications.

[0153] (Opt3) The UE may report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR together with a bitmap indicating which SSBRI / CRI is to be reported. That is, the UE may report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR together with a bitmap indicating the SSBRI / CRI to be reported.

[0154] (Opt4) The above Opt1 to Opt3 may be combined. For example, the UE may report the SSBRI / CRI corresponding to the maximum [L1-] RSRP / SINR together with a bitmap indicating which SSBRI / CRIs other than the SSBRI / CRI corresponding to the maximum [L1-] RSRP / SINR are to be reported.

[0155] (Note) In the above Opt3 / 4, the bitmap may comply with the following:

[0156] The bit sequence may represent with one bit whether the corresponding SSBRI / CRI is reported, for example, each bit is associated with an SSBRI / CRI, and the order may be determined based on the SSBRI / CRI.

[0157] The bitmap may consist of bits associated with a particular SSBRI / CRI, for example, the bitmap may not include bits corresponding to the SSBRI / CRI reported as achieving the maximum [L1-] RSRP / SINR.

[0158] <[L1-] RSRP / SINR Order> The [L1-] RSRP / SINR order may follow at least one of the following Opt1 to Opt5.

[0159] (Opt1) [L1-] The order of RSRP / SINR may follow the order of SSBRI / CRI.

[0160] (Opt2) The UE may first report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR corresponding to (represents / shows) the SSBRI / CRI that achieves the maximum [L1-] RSRP / SINR. That is, the UE may first report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR that achieves the maximum value, as in the existing specifications.

[0161] (Opt3) The UE may first report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR corresponding to (represents / indicates) the SSBRI / CRI that achieves the smallest [L1-] RSRP / SINR, i.e., the UE may first report the [L1-] RSRP / SINR that achieves the smallest value.

[0162] (Opt4) [L1-] The order of RSRP / SINR may follow the order of the positions of SSBRI / CRI reported in UCI.

[0163] (Opt5) The above Opt1 to Opt4 may be combined. For example, only the SSBRI / CRI that achieves (represents / shows) the maximum [L1-] RSRP / SINR may be reported first, and the SSBRI / CRI corresponding to the other [L1-] RSRP / SINR may follow the order of the SSBRI / CRI.

[0164] According to this embodiment, the reporting content is clear and the UE can appropriately control the beam reporting.

[0165] Second Embodiment The second embodiment relates to the difference [value] / absolute [value] of [L1-]RSRP / SINR.

[0166] In the present disclosure, the measurement value ([L1-]RSRP / SINR) may be interchangeably read as a differential value (differential [L1-]RSRP / SINR) or an absolute value (absolute [L1-]RSRP / SINR).

[0167] The UE may determine the measurement values ​​(differential values / absolute values) to report (may control the reporting of the measurement values) according to at least one of Opt1 to Opt4 below.

[0168] (Opt1) Number of measurements / beams in one report.

[0169] (Opt2) [L1-] Location of RSRP / SINR or associated SSBRI / CRI in UCI.

[0170] (Opt3) [L1-] RSRP / SINR value.

[0171] For example, the maximum [L1-] RSRP / SINR may be reported as an absolute value, and other [L1-] RSRP / SINR may be reported as a difference value relative to the absolute value (reference value).

[0172] Alternatively, if the relative value for the maximum [L1-] RSRP / SINR is greater than X, the [L1-] RSRP / SINR may be reported as an absolute / differential value.

[0173] Alternatively, if some value is greater than X, the [L1-]RSRP / SINR may be reported as an absolute / differential value.

[0174] The X may be set / indicated by higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling, may be predefined by a specification, may be determined according to UE capabilities, or may be determined based on UE implementation.

[0175] (Opt4) The above Opt1 to Opt4 may be combined. For example, only the SSBRI / CRI corresponding to the maximum [L1-] RSRP / SINR may be reported as an absolute value, and the SSBRI / CRI corresponding to the other [L1-] RSRP / SINR may be reported as differential values.

[0176] According to this embodiment, the UE can appropriately control beam reporting.

[0177] Third Embodiment The third embodiment relates to an additional embodiment applicable to beam reporting.

[0178] The third embodiment can be further classified as follows: Aspect 3-1: Beam reporting based on beam prediction using an AI / ML model. Aspect 3-2: Granularity of CSI-related quantities in beam reporting. Aspect 3-3: CSI resources in beam reporting.

[0179] <<Aspect 3-1>> Aspect 3-1 relates to a beam report based on beam prediction using an AI / ML model. (Beam prediction using an AI / ML model) In the present disclosure, RS resource and RS may be interchangeable. Furthermore, RS may be, for example, a CSI-RS or an SSB (synchronization signal block). In the present disclosure, RS resource index, resource index, and index may be interchangeable.

[0180] The UE may measure certain RS resources among the (set of) configured RS resources for beam measurement.

[0181] A UE may be configured with a set of RSs / RS resources. Here, the configured (set of) RS resources may be referred to as a potential (set of) RS resources. That is, the UE may determine which RS resources among the potential (set of) RS resources to measure.

[0182] Note that the RS resource to be measured (for measurement) may be included in the potential RS resource, i.e., the potential RS resource (set) may be the same as the above-mentioned set C or may be a higher level concept than it.

[0183] The UE may be configured with a maximum number of RS resources to be measured among the potential RS resources, or alternatively, the UE may be configured with a number of RS resources to be measured among the potential RS resources.

[0184] A UE may be expected to perform this embodiment only if it is instructed / configured to perform certain features / model IDs and if it is configured / instructed to perform certain parameters.

[0185] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of beam prediction in a network-side model according to aspect 3-1. In FIG. 6, a case is assumed in which a UE receives multiple DL beams (RS resources #1 to #6) with different directivities from the network. The UE may be configured with RS resources #1 to #6 as potential RS resources (sets). The UE selects RS resources #2 to #5 to be measured (for measurement) from among the potential RS resources (RS resources #1 to #6). Here, the selected RS resources #2 to #5 may be set C described above. Alternatively, the potential RS resources (RS resources #1 to #6) may be set C.

[0186] The UE may perform measurements on the selected RS resources #2 to #5. In addition, as will be described in detail later, the UE may select RS resources #2 to #4 from the measured RS resources #2 to #5 (set C) and report them to the NW. The selected RS resources #2 to #4 may be referred to as reported (reporting) RS resources.

[0187] Furthermore, the RS resources input to the AI ​​model on the NW side may be a portion of the reported RS resources #2 to #4 (e.g., RS resources #2 to #3). For example, the NW may select RS resources for model input from the reported RS resources #2 to #4. Here, the RS resources #2 to #3 selected as input to the AI ​​model may be the above-mentioned set B.

[0188] The NW may output RS resources #1 to #6 as the output of the AI ​​model. The output RS resources #1 to #6 may be the above-mentioned set A. (Selection of RS resources to be reported) The UE may report RSRP / SINR that satisfies at least one of the conditions of the following options 1 to 3.

[0189] (Option 1) If the measured RSRP / SINR is greater than a certain threshold, the UE may report the RS resource corresponding to the RSRP / SINR to the NW. The threshold may be determined by a parameter set / instructed by a higher layer.

[0190] (Option 2) If the measured RSRP / SINR is the N largest value, the UE may report the RS resource corresponding to the RSRP / SINR to the NW. The value of N may be determined by a parameter set / instructed by a higher layer. N may be, for example, 4 or more.

[0191] (Option 3) If the CRI / SSBRI and the configured resource index satisfy certain rules, the UE may report the RS resource corresponding to the CRI / SSBRI or the resource index to the NW. The certain rules may be at least one of the following:

[0192] The UE may select N different CRIs / SSBRIs based on the resource index configured for L1-RSRP / SINR and report the CRIs / SSBRIs in a single reporting instance (CSI report).

[0193] Here, N may be determined by an RRC parameter (e.g., nrofReportedRS). N may be, for example, an integer greater than 1 or may include 1. In addition, the number of RS resources to be reported or the maximum number of RS resources to be reported may be set.

[0194] The UE may select the CRI / SSBRI to report based on the following rules: Option 3-1: The UE reports the CRI / SSBRI indicated by consecutive resource indices. Option 3-2: The UE reports consecutive resource IDs (nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceId) (or CRIs) in the sequence indicated by the nzp-CSI-RS-Resources field included in the related RRC parameter (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet IE). Option 3-3: The UE reports consecutive (or CRIs) CRI / SSBRI indicated by resource IDs (SSB indices) in the sequence indicated by the csi-SSB-ResourceList field included in the RRC parameter (CSI-SSB-ResourceSet IE).

[0195] A UE may be expected to perform this embodiment only if it is instructed / configured to perform certain features / model IDs and if it is configured / instructed to perform certain parameters.

[0196] According to this aspect, the UE can appropriately determine / select / determine the RS resource to be reported.

[0197] (Beam Report Payload) The UE may report the number of RSRP / SINRs or the dB step size for representing RSRP / SINR in the same reporting instance.

[0198] The number of RSRP / SINRs or the dB step size for expressing RSRP / SINR may be included in CSI Part 1.

[0199] A part of the RSRP / SINR may be included in CSI Part 1, and the rest may be included in CSI Part 2. Alternatively, the entire RSRP / SINR may be included in CSI Part 2. Similarly, a part of the CRI / SSBRI may be included in CSI Part 1, and the rest may be included in CSI Part 2. Alternatively, the entire CRI / SSBRI may be included in CSI Part 2.

[0200] The UE may configure the dB step size via higher layer parameters and may decide which dB step size to use to represent RSRP / SINR in a reporting instance. The UE may decide which dB step size to use based on measurement accuracy.

[0201] A UE may be expected to perform this embodiment only if it is instructed / configured to perform certain features / model IDs and if it is configured / instructed to perform certain parameters.

[0202] According to this aspect, the UE can appropriately control beam reporting.

[0203] <<Aspect 3-2>> Aspect 3-2 relates to the granularity of CSI-related quantities in beam reporting.

[0204] In the beam report, the UE may report CSI-related quantities according to different granularities (e.g., step sizes in decibels (dB), hereinafter also simply referred to as step sizes).

[0205] In a beam report, the UE may report multiple absolute L1-RSRP values ​​or multiple differential values ​​from one absolute value, where the step sizes of the absolute value and differential value, the step sizes of the multiple absolute values, the step sizes of the multiple differential values, etc. may be different.

[0206] In a beam report, the UE may report the absolute value for the maximum L1-RSRP value, and may report differential values ​​from the maximum L1-RSRP value for the other L1-RSRP values.

[0207] The UE may determine the step size of the L1-RSRP value based on a specific rule, or may determine it based on physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel, or a combination thereof, or may determine it based on the UE capabilities.

[0208] For example, the UE may be configured with an RRC parameter indicating the step size to be used in the beam report. The UE may be configured with separate step sizes for the absolute value and differential value of the L1-RSRP in the beam report, or may be configured with a common (uniform) step size.

[0209] The UE may also determine the step size of the L1-RSRP based on at least one of various settings appearing in the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth embodiments. For example, the UE may determine to report the L1-RSRP according to a relatively small step size when a specific RRC parameter (e.g., selection policy = difference / oldest / hybrid) is configured.

[0210] Furthermore, the UE may determine the step size of the L1-RSRP based on the range and number of bits of the L1-RSRP value. If two of the range of the L1-RSRP value, the number of bits of the L1-RSRP, and the step size of the L1-RSRP are configured / specified, the UE may determine the remaining one based on the two.

[0211] The UE may assume that the range of the maximum L1-RSRP value is always a first range (e.g., [-140, -44] dBm) and the range of the maximum L1-SINR value is always a second range (e.g., [-23, 40] dBm). Note that in the present disclosure, the ranges may be defined by a maximum value and a minimum value, or may be defined by an average value (or a median value) and a maximum possible difference from that value.

[0212] The UE may assume that the range of L1-RSRP values ​​is in different ranges according to the step size / number of bits.

[0213] The UE may determine the range of L1-RSRP values ​​based on a specific rule, or may determine it based on physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel, or a combination thereof, or may determine it based on UE capabilities.

[0214] The UE may assume that the number of bits in the L1-RSRP value is always the same.

[0215] The UE may also assume that the number of bits in the L1-RSRP value is different according to the step size / range.

[0216] The UE may determine the number of bits of the L1-RSRP value based on a specific rule, or may determine it based on physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel, or a combination thereof, or may determine it based on the UE capabilities.

[0217] 7A and 7B are diagrams showing an example of the range and number of bits of L1-RSRP according to aspect 3-2.

[0218] 7A shows an example where the range of L1-RSRP values ​​varies according to the step size / number of bits, but the number of bits in L1-RSRP is the same regardless of the step size. Because the number of bits is the same, a relatively large step size results in a larger range, and a relatively small step size results in a smaller range.

[0219] 7B shows an example where the range of L1-RSRP values ​​is the same, but the number of bits of L1-RSRP varies according to the range / step size. Because the range is the same, the number of bits is small when the step size is relatively large, and the number of bits is large when the step size is relatively small.

[0220] According to this aspect, the UE can appropriately determine the granularity of the CSI-related quantity.

[0221] <<Aspect 3-3>> Aspect 3-3 relates to CSI resources in beam reporting.

[0222] In aspect 3-3, embodiments 1.1 to 1.4 relate to grouping of RSs.

[0223] [Embodiment 1.1] In embodiment 1.1, a case will be described in which one or more (or a plurality of) CSI-RS resource sets (CSI resource sets) are grouped into one CSI resource setting (which may be interchangeably read as a CSI resource configuration (or RRC information element CSI-ResourceConfig)).

[0224] A UE may be configured with one or more CSI resource sets (e.g., a Channel Measurement Resource (CMR) set) per CSI resource setting.

[0225] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of grouping of CSI resource sets according to embodiment 1.1. In Fig. 8, multiple (e.g., three) resources (ResourceID#1-#3) are configured for one CSI resource set (ResourceSetID#1-#3). The three resource sets illustrated are associated with one CSI resource setting (configured by a list (e.g., csi-RS-ResourceSetList) within the CSI resource setting).

[0226] According to embodiment 1.1, multiple (e.g., three) CSI resource sets can be configured for one CSI resource setting. That is, for example, CSI-RS resource sets can be grouped for spatial domain DL beam prediction. More specifically, sets of CSI resources (CSI resource sets) corresponding to multiple beams that can cover a wide range as shown in FIG. 4A or multiple adjacent beams as shown in FIG. 4B can be grouped. This allows the UE to report desired CSI to the base station. Meanwhile, the base station can receive measurement results suitable for spatial domain DL beam prediction from the UE.

[0227] Embodiment 1.1 is applicable to periodic or semi-persistent CSI resource setting. The grouping may be configured based on information described later (information described in the supplementary section, for example, specific RRC parameters).

[0228] [Embodiment 1.2] In embodiment 1.2, grouping in aperiodic CSI resource setting will be described.

[0229] In case of aperiodic CSI reporting, the UE may configure RRC parameters (e.g., CSI-AperiodicTriggerState or CSI-AssociatedReportConfigInfo) associated with one or more CSI resource sets. One trigger state (CSI-AperiodicTriggerState) may contain a list of associated CSI report settings (CSI report configurations (or RRC information element CSI-ReportConfig)).

[0230] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an association between CSI reporting settings and CSI resource settings according to embodiment 1.2. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a CSI request field included in DCI may indicate a certain trigger state. In FIG. 9, the specified trigger state is associated with one or more (e.g., Reporting setting #3 in the figure) of the CSI reporting settings (e.g., Reporting settings #1-#4). Also, for example, in FIG. 9, a certain CSI reporting setting (Reporting setting #3) may be associated with multiple CSI resource sets (CSI-RS resource sets #0-#2). In this case, the multiple CSI resource sets may be grouped into one CSI resource setting (Resource setting #1).

[0231] In this way, even for aperiodic CSI reporting, CSI resource sets can be grouped, e.g., for spatial domain DL beam prediction.

[0232] Embodiment 1.2 is applicable to aperiodic CSI resource setting. The grouping may be configured based on information described later (information described in the supplementary section, for example, specific RRC parameters).

[0233] [Embodiment 1.3] In embodiment 1.3, reporting of grouped CSI resource settings is described.

[0234] The UE may select N CRIs / SSBRIs from one CSI resource set among multiple CSI resource sets associated with one CSI resource setting or trigger state (CSI-AperiodicTriggerState) and report them in a single reporting instance (CSI report).

[0235] Here, N may be determined by an RRC parameter (e.g., nrofReportedRS), and may be, for example, an integer greater than 1 and may include 1.

[0236] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of grouping of CSI resource sets according to embodiment 1.3. As illustrated in Fig. 10, a UE can select one CSI resource set from a plurality of grouped CSI resource sets (ResourceSetID#1-#3). Furthermore, the UE can select N resources (CSI-RS resources / SSB resources) (e.g., N resources among ResourceID#1-#3) from the selected CSI resource set.

[0237] 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI reporting operation between a UE and a base station according to embodiment 1.3. For example, the UE may determine (select) one or more CRIs / SSBRIs from one CSI resource set to be reported. The UE may also report the received power (e.g., L1-RSRP) of the selected CRIs / SSBRIs to the base station.

[0238] 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI report according to embodiment 1.3. As illustrated in FIG. 12, a resource set indicator may be included in the CSI field. Using the resource set indicator, the UE can report to the base station from which CSI resource set the CSI resource for reporting received power is selected.

[0239] For example, if a certain CSI resource set #X is indicated by the resource set index, all received powers may be determined based on the CSI resource set #X. In this case, the illustrated CRIs (or SSBRIs) #1-#4 all indicate resources within the CSI resource set #X.

[0240] The bit width of the resource set index may be determined based on a specific rule / parameter. For example, the bit width may be determined based on the number of CSI resource sets associated with a CSI resource setting or a trigger state (CSI-AperiodicTriggerState). More specifically, the bit width may be determined by, for example, ceil(log2(S)), where S may be the number of associated CSI resource sets. In the present disclosure, ceil(X) may mean multiplying X by a ceiling function.

[0241] Furthermore, the bit width of the CRI / SSBRI field may be determined based on the number (maximum number or any number) of CSI resources / SSB resources in one CSI resource set associated with a CSI resource setting or trigger state (CSI-AperiodicTriggerState). The bit width may be determined, for example, by ceil(log2(M)), where M may be the number of CSI resources in the associated CSI resource set. In this case, the UE may not assume that the number of CSI resources in each CSI resource set is greater than N (e.g., nrofReportedRS). That is, the UE may assume that the number of CSI resources in each CSI resource set is not greater than N.

[0242] M may be the maximum number of CSI resources per CSI resource set (i.e., the number of CSI resources included in the CSI resource set in which the most CSI resources are configured) among one or more CSI resource sets specified by the resource set index. In this case, the bit widths of CRIs (or SSBRIs) #1 to #4 are all the same regardless of the value of the resource set index.

[0243] M may be the number of CSI resources per CSI resource set specified by the resource set index. In this case, different values ​​of the resource set index may result in different bit widths of CRIs (or SSBRIs) #1-#4. Note that if N is not a maximum number but an arbitrary number, the UE may assume that the number of CSI resources in each CSI resource set is the same across multiple CSI resource sets.

[0244] The UE may also determine the CSI resource set to be reported in a single reporting instance based on at least one of the following rules (Options 1 to 3). That is, the following Options 1 to 3 show methods for determining a resource set index. Option 1: The UE determines, as the CSI resource set for reporting, a CSI resource set including CSI resources that achieve the maximum RSRP / SINR in channel measurement. Option 2: The UE determines, as the CSI resource set for reporting, a CSI resource set including N CSI resources (the number of CSI resources to be reported, as described above) that achieve the maximum average RSRP / SINR in channel measurement. Option 3: The UE randomly determines a CSI resource set.

[0245] According to embodiment 1.3, a UE can select desired CSI resources that need to be reported from one grouped CSI resource set and report the selected CSI resources to a base station. Note that embodiment 1.3 may be applied when information described later (information described in <Supplementary Note>, for example, specific RRC parameters) is configured.

[0246] [Embodiment 1.4] In embodiment 1.4, another example of resource selection will be described.

[0247] The UE may select a CRI / SSBRI having the same resource ID from each of multiple CSI resource sets associated with one CSI resource setting or trigger state (CSI-AperiodicTriggerState) and report the selected CRI / SSBRI in a single reporting instance. Note that "having the same resource ID" may be interpreted interchangeably as "corresponding to the same i-th entry (i is an integer) in each CSI resource set."

[0248] In addition, embodiment 1.4 may be applied when the information described below (information described in <Supplementary Information>, for example, specific RRC parameters) is set.

[0249] If the reported CRI / SSBRI does not exist in some CSI resource sets, the corresponding RSRP / SINR field may be a standard-defined bit (e.g., a bit string consisting of only '0').

[0250] The UE may be configured with a parameter indicating the number of CRI / SSBRI fields in one CSI field. Note that in this disclosure, the CSI field may refer to a field included in a CSI report.

[0251] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of grouping of CSI resource sets according to embodiment 1.4. As illustrated in Fig. 13, the UE can select resources (CSI resources / SSB resources) having the same resource ID (e.g., any one of ResourceID#1-#3) from each CSI resource set of the grouped multiple CSI resource sets (ResourceSetID#1-#3).

[0252] 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI reporting operation between a UE and a base station according to embodiment 1.4. For example, the UE may determine (select) one CRI / SSBRI to report from each CSI resource set. The UE may also report the received power (e.g., L1-RSRP) of the CRI / SSBRI selected from each CSI resource set to the base station.

[0253] As for the CSI reporting method, at least one of the following two options (Option 1-2) can be selected. Figures 15A and 15B are diagrams showing examples of a CSI report according to embodiment 1.4. Specifically, Figure 15A corresponds to Option 1, and Figure 15B corresponds to Option 2.

[0254] Option 1: The UE may report, in the CSI report, which CSI resource set among multiple CSI resource sets for which L1-RSRP is to be reported. As shown in FIG. 15A , the CSI field may include a resource set indicator (Resource set indicator #1-#4) corresponding to the RSRP (RSRP #1-#4) to be reported. Based on the resource set indicator, the UE can report to the base station which CSI resource set is to be used for reporting received power.

[0255] In Option 1, the bit width of the resource set index may be determined based on a specific rule / parameter. For example, the bit width may be determined based on the number of CSI resource sets associated with the CSI resource setting or the CSI-AperiodicTriggerState. More specifically, the bit width may be determined as, for example, ceil(log2(S)), where S may be the number of associated CSI resource sets.

[0256] Option 2: The UE may select one CRI / SSBRI for each CSI resource set of multiple CSI resource sets and report the RSRP. As shown in Figure 15B, the CSI field may include a resource set indicator indicating the resource set corresponding to the largest RSRP value (RSRP #1) among the multiple CSI resource sets. In Option 2, since the RSRPs of all CSI resource sets are included in the CSI report, there is no need to include multiple resource set indicators, unlike in Figure 15A.

[0257] In Option 2, the bit width of the CRI / SSBRI field may be determined based on the number (maximum number) of CSI-RS resources / SSB resources in one resource set associated with a CSI resource setting or trigger state (CSI-AperiodicTriggerState). The bit width may be determined, for example, as ceil(log2(S)), where S may be the number of CSI resources in the associated CSI resource set.

[0258] According to embodiments 1.1 to 1.4, sets of multiple beams (CSI resource sets) can be grouped regardless of the directivity of the multiple beams, and the UE can select and report to the base station the desired RS resources (CSI resources / SSB resources) for the grouped CSI resource sets.

[0259] In aspect 3-3, embodiments 2.1 to 2.2 relate to determining CRI / SSBRI based on an index.

[0260] [Embodiment 2.1] In embodiment 2.1, selection of multiple different CRI / SSBRI based on a resource index (CSI resource index / SSB resource index) configured for CSI reporting will be described. In the present disclosure, selection of CRI / SSBRI may be read as reporting of CRI / SSBRI.

[0261] The UE may select N different CRIs / SSBRIs based on the resource index configured for L1-RSRP / SINR and report the CRIs / SSBRIs in a single reporting instance (CSI report).

[0262] Here, N may be determined by an RRC parameter (e.g., nrofReportedRS), and may be, for example, an integer greater than 1 and may include 1.

[0263] The UE may select the CRI / SSBRI to report based on the following rules: Option 1: The UE reports the CRI / SSBRI indicated by consecutive resource indices. Option 2: The UE reports consecutive resource IDs (nzp-CSI-RS-ResourceId) (or CRIs) in the sequence indicated by the nzp-CSI-RS-Resources field included in the related RRC parameter (NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet IE). Option 3: The UE reports consecutive (or CRIs) CRI / SSBRI indicated by resource IDs (SSB indices) in the sequence indicated by the csi-SSB-ResourceList field included in the RRC parameter (CSI-SSB-ResourceSet IE).

[0264] Fig. 16 is a diagram showing an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.1. In Fig. 16, eight CSI resources (or SSB resources) are shown arranged horizontally. Each CSI resource is indicated by a resource index (Resource index #1-#8). For example, the UE may select four consecutive CSI resources indicated by Resource index #3-#6 from the eight CSI resources.

[0265] Alternatively, the UE may report only one CRI / SSBRI field in a single reporting instance to indicate one or more (e.g., N) different CRI / SSBRIs. Variations of resource selection are given below in embodiments 2.1.1-2.1.5.

[0266] [Embodiment 2.1.1] The UE may report a CRI / SSBRI expressed by the following modulo operation in a single reporting instance. Specifically, the UE may report (CRI / SSBRI) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI+1) mod(X), ..., (CRI / SSBRI+N-1) mod(X) using one CRI / SSBRI field. Here, CRI / SSBRI may represent a resource index value. N may represent the number of CSI resources to be reported. X may be the number of CSI resources (or SSB resources) in the associated CSI resource set. Mod may represent a modulo operation. For example, (A) mod(B) corresponds to the remainder when A is divided by B.

[0267] 17A and 17B are diagrams illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.1.1. The portions surrounded by dashed lines represent the selected CSI resources. Fig. 17A illustrates the case where CRI / SSBRI=2, N=4, and X=8, and Fig. 17B illustrates the case where CRI / SSBRI=6, N=4, and X=8.

[0268] By using the above modulo arithmetic, the UE can select N consecutive CSI resources from X CSI resources included in a certain CSI resource set. In particular, as shown in Fig. 17B , by using modulo arithmetic, it is possible to select multiple CSI resources (resource index #6, #7, #0, #1) that are not necessarily consecutive as consecutive CSI resources.

[0269] When selecting multiple consecutive resources, the UE may report the first CRI / SSBRI of the consecutive CRI / SSBRI (Option 1 above) or may report the CSI / SSBRI corresponding to the first entry in the sequence (Option 2 or Option 3 above).

[0270] Alternatively, the UE may report the resource index value directly using the CRI / SSBRI field without using modulo arithmetic. In this case, if the resource index value is X or greater, the UE may assume that the RSRP / SINR field corresponding to the resource index is a predefined bit. For example, in the case of CRI / SSBRI=6, N=4, and X=8 in FIG. 17B, the RSRP to be reported corresponds to resource indexes #6-#9, but since resources corresponding to resource indexes X=8 or greater are not configured, the UE may generate a CSI report with the RSRP field corresponding to resource indexes #8 and #9 as a predefined bit value. Alternatively, the UE may not assume that the resource index value is X or greater. That is, the UE may assume that the resource index value is less than X.

[0271] [Embodiment 2.1.2] The UE may report the CRI / SSBRI expressed by the following modulo arithmetic in a single reporting instance: Specifically, the UE may report (CRI / SSBRI) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI-1) mod(X), ..., (CRI / SSBRI-N) mod(X) using the CRI / SSBRI field.

[0272] According to this modulo operation, for example, the UE may report the last CRI / SSBRI of the consecutive CRI / SSBRI (option 1 above), or may report the CSI / SSBRI corresponding to the last entry in the sequence (option 2 or option 3 above).

[0273] [Embodiment 2.1.3] The UE may report the CRI / SSBRI expressed by the following modulo arithmetic in a single reporting instance: Specifically, the UE may report (CRI / SSBRI) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI+1) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI-1) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI+2) mod(X), and (CRI / SSBRI-2) mod(X) using the CRI / SSBRI field.

[0274] According to this modulo operation, for example, the UE may report an intermediate CRI / SSBRI among the consecutive CRI / SSBRIs (option 1 above), or may report a CSI / SSBRI corresponding to an intermediate entry indicated in the sequence (option 2 or option 3 above).

[0275] [Embodiment 2.1.4] The UE may report the CRI / SSBRI expressed by the following modulo arithmetic in a single reporting instance: Specifically, the UE may report (CRI / SSBRI) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI-1) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI+1) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI-2) mod(X), or (CRI / SSBRI+2) mod(X) as the CRI / SSBRI field.

[0276] According to this modulo operation, for example, the UE may report an intermediate CRI / SSBRI among the consecutive CRI / SSBRIs (option 1 above), or may report a CSI / SSBRI corresponding to an intermediate entry indicated in the sequence (option 2 or option 3 above).

[0277] In embodiments 2.1.2-2.1.4, the UE may report the resource index value as the CRI / SSBRI field without using modulo arithmetic. In this case, the UE may assume that the RSRP / SINR field is a predefined bit if the resource index value is equal to or greater than X. Alternatively, the UE may not assume that the resource index value is equal to or greater than X. That is, the UE may assume that the resource index value is less than X.

[0278] 18 is a diagram showing an example of a CSI report according to embodiment 2.1. As shown in FIG. 18, the CSI field may include, in addition to the CSI / SSBRI field, a field indicating the CRI / SSBRI corresponding to the maximum received power (e.g., RSRP / SINR) among N (or 5) CRIs / SSBRIs to be reported. This field may indicate, for example, the i-th (i is an integer) CRI / SSBRI among the N (or 5), or the first / middle / last CRI / SSBRI.

[0279] [Embodiment 2.1.5] The UE may report the CRI / SSBRI expressed by the following modulo arithmetic in a single reporting instance. Specifically, the UE may report (CRI / SSBRI) mod(X), (CRI / SSBRI+Y) mod(X), ..., (CRI / SSBRI+Y*(N-1)) mod(X) as the CRI / SSBRI field. As mentioned above, X may be the number of CSI resources (or SSB resources) in the associated CSI resource set. Y may be an integer determined by a configured parameter (e.g., a specific RRC parameter). Y may also be referred to as an offset number.

[0280] 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.1.5. The portion surrounded by a dashed line represents the selected CSI resource. FIG. 19 illustrates the case where CRI / SSBRI=1, N=4, X=8, and Y=2.

[0281] According to this modulo operation, for example, the UE can select CSI resources that are offset by Y from consecutive CRI / SSBRI. In the example of Fig. 19, the UE can select a total of four consecutive CSI resources by skipping every other CSI resource.

[0282] The bit width of the CRI / SSBRI field may also be determined based on the number (maximum number) of CSI-RS resources / SSB resources in one resource set associated with the CSI resource setting. For example, the bit width may be determined as ceil(log2(S)), where S may be the number of CSI resources in the associated CSI resource set.

[0283] Alternatively, the UE may report the resource index value as the CRI / SSBRI field without using modulo arithmetic. In this case, the UE may assume that the RSRP / SINR field is a predefined bit if the resource index value is equal to or greater than X. Alternatively, the UE may not assume that the resource index value is equal to or greater than X. That is, the UE may assume that the resource index value is less than X.

[0284] [Modification] In the above embodiments, resources arranged in one direction (horizontal direction) have been described as an example. However, the angles of beam sets are generally distributed in two directions, horizontal and vertical. Therefore, the following describes a case in which resource allocation is expanded not only horizontally but also vertically. For example, the above-described embodiment 1.4 and embodiment 2.1 can be combined. A UE can apply a combination of embodiment 1.4 and embodiment 2.1.

[0285] FIG. 20 is a diagram showing resource selection according to a modified example. As shown in FIG. 20, a UE selects two consecutive CSI resource sets (ResourceSetID#1, #2) from among a plurality of grouped CSI resource sets (ResourceSetID#1-#3), and can further select CSI resources having the same resource ID (e.g., ResourceID#2, #3) from each selected CSI resource set. For example, the same CSI resource set may correspond to beams with the same horizontal angle, and the same resource ID may correspond to beams with the same vertical angle. Note that, in the present disclosure, the same angle may mean the same angle obtained by allowing for some error.

[0286] According to a variant, the desired CSI resource can be selected based on the relationship between the horizontal and vertical beams.

[0287] [Embodiment 2.2] In embodiment 2.2, a case will be described in which resource allocation is expanded not only in the lateral direction (horizontal direction) but also in the vertical direction (vertical direction).

[0288] The UE may select N (N_v*N_h) different CRI / SSBRIs based on the resource index configured for L1-RSRP / SINR and report the CRI / SSBRIs in a single reporting instance.

[0289] Here, N can be calculated by the formula N = N_v * N_h or N_v + N_h. N_v indicates the number of CSI resources in the vertical direction, and N_h indicates the number of CSI resources in the horizontal direction. N, N_v, and N_h may be determined by an RRC parameter (e.g., nrofReportedRS). Furthermore, the maximum values ​​of N, N_v, N_h, and N_v * N_h and N_v + N_h may be determined by, for example, UE capabilities. Variations of resource selection are described below in embodiments 2.2.1 to 2.2.2.

[0290] [Embodiment 2.2.1] [Embodiment 2.2.1.1] A UE can select and report only one CRI / SSBRI to indicate multiple (e.g., N) different CRI / SSBRIs, thereby reducing overhead in UCI.

[0291] The UE may report the CRI / SSBRI expressed by the following modulo arithmetic in a single reporting instance: Specifically, the UE may report (CRI / SSBRI) mod(M), (CRI / SSBRI+1) mod(M), ..., (CRI / SSBRI+N_h-1) mod(M), (CRI / SSBRI+M_h*1) mod(M), ..., (CRI / SSBRI+M_h*1+1) mod(M), ..., (CRI / SSBRI+M_h*N_v) mod(M), (CRI / SSBRI+M_h*N_h+1) mod(M), ..., (CRI / SSBRI+M_h*N_v+N_h) mod(M) as the CRI / SSBRI field. Here, M may be the total number of CSI resources in the associated CSI resource set, and M_h may be the total number of CSI resources in the horizontal direction, which may be an integer determined by an RRC parameter.

[0292] Fig. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.1.1. The portion surrounded by a dashed line represents the selected CSI resource. Fig. 21 illustrates the case where CRI / SSBRI = 5, N_h = 2, N_v = 2, and M_h = 4.

[0293] According to this modulo operation, for example, the UE can select four adjacent (2x2) resources within the associated CSI resource set, as shown in Figure 21.

[0294] [Embodiment 2.2.1.2] The UE may report the CRI / SSBRI expressed by the floor function and modulo operation shown below in a single reporting instance. Specifically, the UE performs the following steps: (CRI / SSBRI+N_h) mod M_h) mod M, (floor((CRI / SSBRI) / M_h +1)*M_h + (CRI / SSBRI) mod M_h) mod M, …, (floor((CRI / SSBRI) / M_h +1)*M_h + (CRI / SSBRI+N_h) mod M_h) mod M, …., (floor((CRI / SSBRI) / M_h +N_v)*M_h + (CRI / SSBRI) mod M_h) mod M, ..., (floor((CRI / SSBRI) / M_h +N_v)*M_h + (CRI / SSBRI+N_h) mod M_h) mod M may be reported using the CRI / SSBRI field. Here, M may be the total number of CSI resources in the associated CSI resource set. Also, M_h may be the total number of resources in the horizontal direction. M_h may be an integer determined by an RRC parameter. In the present disclosure, floor(X) may mean multiplying X by a floor function.

[0295] 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.1.2. The portion surrounded by a dashed line represents the selected CSI resource. FIG. 22 illustrates the case where CRI / SSBRI=7, N_h=2, N_v=2, and M_h=4.

[0296] 23 is a diagram illustrating another example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.1.2. The portion surrounded by a dashed line represents the selected CSI resource. FIG. 23 illustrates the case where CRI / SSBRI=11, N_h=2, N_v=2, and M_h=4.

[0297] According to this floor function and modulo operation, for example, a UE may select four resources within an associated resource set as shown in Figures 22 and 23. In this case, the UE may select the four resources as adjacent resources, even though they are not necessarily adjacent.

[0298] Alternatively, the UE may report the resource index value as the CRI / SSBRI field without using modulo arithmetic. In this case, CRI / SSBRI+N_h+M_h*N_v may be restricted to be less than N. Alternatively, if the number of resources is greater than or equal to M, the UE may assume that the corresponding RSRP / SINR field is a predefined bit.

[0299] [Embodiment 2.2.2] In embodiment 2.2.2, the UE can report N CRI / SSBRI fields in the CSI field. The UE may report a CRI / SSBRI that satisfies at least one of the following conditions 1 to 5. The condition to be met may be determined based on a configured parameter. Condition 1: The reported CRI / SSBRI is another CRI / SSBRI reported in the same reporting instance + Y_h, or the other CRI / SSBRI - Y_H. Condition 2: The reported CRI / SSBRI is another CRI / SSBRI reported in the same reporting instance + M_h * Y_v, or the other CRI / SSBRI - M_h * Y_v. Condition 3: The reported CRI / SSBRI is another CRI / SSBRI reported in the same reporting instance - (M_h - Y_h). Condition 4: The reported CRI / SSBRI is not another CRI / SSBRI reported in the same reporting instance ±1, ±1, ..., or ±Y_h. Condition 5: The reported CRI / SSBRI is not another CRI / SSBRI reported in the same reporting instance ±M_h*1, ±M_h*2, ..., ±M_h*Y_v, where Y_h and Y_v may be integers determined by configured parameters (e.g., specific RRC parameters). Y_h may be referred to as the horizontal offset number, and Y_v may be referred to as the vertical offset number.

[0300] 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.2. The portion surrounded by a dashed line represents the selected CSI resource. FIG. 24 illustrates a case where N=3, M_h=4, Y_h=1, and Y_v=1, and where condition 1 or condition 2 is applied.

[0301] Fig. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a CSI report according to embodiment 2.2.2. As illustrated in Fig. 25, the CSI field may include, in addition to the CSI / SSBRI field, a field indicating the CRI / SSBRI corresponding to the maximum received power (e.g., RSRP / SINR) among N CRIs / SSBRIs to be reported. This field may indicate, for example, the i-th (i is an integer) CRI / SSBRI among the N CRIs / SSBRIs, or the first / middle / last CRI / SSBRI.

[0302] 26 is a diagram illustrating another example of resource selection according to embodiment 2.2.2. The portion surrounded by a dashed line represents the selected CSI resources. FIG. 26 illustrates a case where N=4, M_h=4, Y_h=2, and Y_v=2, and where condition 1 or condition 2 is applied.

[0303] Embodiment 2.2.2 is applicable under the above-described conditions 1-5 when the number of CSI resources in the associated CSI resource set, M_h, is M. In addition, which of the above-described embodiments is to be applied may be determined based on information described later (information described in <Supplementary Note>, for example, specific RRC parameters).

[0304] According to embodiment 2.1 to embodiment 2.2, a CSI resource for a CSI report can be appropriately selected from multiple CSI resources in an associated CSI-RS resource set.

[0305] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0306] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0307] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0308] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0309] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0310] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader.

[0311] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0312] Furthermore, any information in the above-described embodiments may be notified from the UE periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0313] <<AI Model Information>> In the present disclosure, AI model information may refer to information including at least one of the following: - Input / output information of the AI ​​model; - Pre-processing / post-processing information for the input / output of the AI ​​model; - Parameter information of the AI ​​model; - Training information for the AI ​​model; - Inference information for the AI ​​model; - Performance information regarding the AI ​​model.

[0314] Here, the input / output information of the AI ​​model may include information on at least one of the following: - Contents of the input / output data (e.g., RSRP, SINR, amplitude / phase information in the channel matrix (or precoding matrix), information on the angle of arrival (Angle of Arrival (AoA)), information on the angle of departure (Angle of Departure (AoD)), location information); - Auxiliary information of the data (which may be called meta-information); - Type of the input / output data (e.g., immutable value, floating-point number); - Bit width of the input / output data (e.g., 64 bits for each input value); - Quantization interval (quantization step size) of the input / output data (e.g., 1 dBm for L1-RSRP); - Range that the input / output data can take (e.g., [0, 1]).

[0315] In the present disclosure, the information on AoA may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of arrival and a zenith angle of arrival (ZoA). The information on AoD may include information on at least one of an azimuth angle of departure and a zenith angle of departure (ZoD).

[0316] In the present disclosure, location information may be location information related to a UE / NW. The location information may include at least one of information (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude) obtained using a positioning system (e.g., a satellite positioning system (Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), Global Positioning System (GPS), etc.)), information about a BS neighboring (or serving) the UE (e.g., a BS / cell identifier (ID), a BS-UE distance, a direction / angle of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS), coordinates of the BS (UE) as seen from the UE (BS) (e.g., X / Y / Z axis coordinates), etc.), a specific address of the UE (e.g., an Internet Protocol (IP) address), etc. The location information of the UE is not limited to information based on the position of the BS, and may be information based on a specific point.

[0317] The location information may include information about its implementation (e.g., location / position / orientation of antennas, location / orientation of antenna panels, number of antennas, number of antenna panels, etc.).

[0318] The location information may include mobility information, which may include information indicating at least one of information indicating a mobility type, a moving speed of the UE, an acceleration of the UE, and a moving direction of the UE.

[0319] Here, the mobility type may correspond to at least one of a fixed location UE, a movable / moving UE, a no mobility UE, a low mobility UE, a middle mobility UE, a high mobility UE, a cell-edge UE, a not-cell-edge UE, etc.

[0320] In the present disclosure, environmental information (for data) may be information about the environment in which the data is acquired / used, and may correspond to, for example, frequency information (such as a band ID), environmental type information (information indicating at least one of indoor, outdoor, Urban Macro (UMa), Urban Micro (Umi), etc.), information indicating Line Of Site (LOS) / Non-Line Of Site (NLOS), etc.

[0321] Here, LOS may mean that the UE and the BS are in an environment where they can see each other (or there is no obstruction), and NLOS may mean that the UE and the BS are not in an environment where they can see each other (or there is an obstruction). The information indicating LOS / NLOS may indicate a soft value (e.g., the probability of LOS / NLOS) or a hard value (e.g., either LOS or NLOS).

[0322] In the present disclosure, meta-information may mean, for example, information regarding input / output information suitable for an AI model, information regarding acquired / acquirable data, etc. Specifically, meta-information may include information regarding beams of RS (e.g., CSI-RS / SRS / SSB, etc.) (e.g., the pointing angle of each beam, the 3 dB beam width, the shape of the pointed beam, the number of beams), layout information of the gNB / UE antenna, frequency information, environmental information, meta-information ID, etc. Note that meta-information may be used as input / output of the AI ​​model.

[0323] <<Regarding Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-mentioned embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - a higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters; - the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS; - a specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported; - the application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0324] The specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: Supporting specific processes / operations / controls / information for at least one of the above embodiments. Number of corresponding measurements / beams / resources / reports (X / Y / Z). Maximum number of measurements / beams / resources / reports (X / Y / Z). Minimum number of measurements / beams / resources / reports (X / Y / Z). Candidate number of measurements / beams / resources / reports (X / Y / Z).

[0325] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0326] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0327] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0328] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding an embodiment (0th to 3rd embodiments) of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives a setting related to a beam report to which artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction is applied; and a control unit that controls the reporting of five or more beams in one report based on the setting. [Supplementary Note 2] The terminal described in Supplementary Note 1, wherein the control unit controls the beam reporting by applying a specific condition based on the number of measurement values ​​or the number of beams. [Supplementary Note 3] The terminal described in Supplementary Note 1 or Supplementary Note 2, wherein the control unit controls the order of measurement values ​​to be reported based on a specific condition. [Supplementary Note 4] The terminal described in any of Supplements 1 to 3, wherein the control unit controls the reporting of absolute values ​​or difference values ​​for the measurement values.

[0329] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0330] 27 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0331] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0332] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0333] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0334] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0335] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0336] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0337] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0338] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0339] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0340] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0341] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0342] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0343] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0344] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0345] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0346] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0347] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0348] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0349] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0350] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0351] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0352] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0353] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0354] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0355] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0356] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0357] 28 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0358] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0359] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0360] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0361] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0362] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0363] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0364] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0365] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0366] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0367] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0368] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0369] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 130.

[0370] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0371] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0372] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0373] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0374] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0375] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0376] The transceiver 120 may transmit settings related to beam reports that apply artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction. The controller 110 controls to receive beam reports that include five or more beams in one report, which are transmitted from the terminal based on the settings.

[0377] (User terminal) Fig. 29 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0378] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0379] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0380] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0381] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0382] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0383] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0384] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0385] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0386] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0387] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0388] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0389] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0390] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0391] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0392] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0393] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0394] The transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0395] The transceiver 220 may receive settings for beam reporting that apply artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction. The controller 210 may control the reporting of five or more beams in one report based on the settings. The controller 210 may control the beam reporting by applying specific conditions based on the number of measurement values ​​or the number of beams. The controller 210 may control the order of measurement values ​​to be reported based on specific conditions. The controller 210 may control the reporting of absolute values ​​or differential values ​​for the measurement values.

[0396] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0397] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0398] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 30 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0399] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0400] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0401] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0402] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0403] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0404] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0405] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0406] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0407] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0408] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0409] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0410] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0411] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0412] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0413] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0414] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0415] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0416] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0417] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0418] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0419] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0420] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0421] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0422] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0423] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0424] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0425] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0426] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0427] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0428] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0429] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0430] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0431] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0432] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0433] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0434] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0435] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0436] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0437] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0438] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0439] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0440] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0441] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0442] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0443] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0444] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0445] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0446] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0447] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0448] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0449] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0450] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, and subset may be interchangeable.

[0451] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0452] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0453] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0454] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0455] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0456] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0457] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0458] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0459] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0460] 31 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0461] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0462] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0463] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0464] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0465] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0466] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0467] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0468] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0469] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0470] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0471] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0472] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0473] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0474] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0475] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0476] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0477] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0478] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0479] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0480] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0481] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0482] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0483] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0484] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0485] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0486] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0487] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0488] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0489] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0490] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0491] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0492] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0493] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0494] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

[0495] This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-028693, filed February 28, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein in their entirety.

Claims

1. A terminal having a receiving unit that receives settings regarding beam reporting that apply artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction, and a control unit that controls the reporting of five or more beams in one report based on the settings.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit applies specific conditions to control the beam reporting based on the number of measurements or the number of beams.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the order of measurement values ​​to be reported based on specific conditions.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the control unit controls the terminal to report absolute values ​​or differential values ​​for the measurement values.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: a step of receiving a setting regarding beam reporting to which artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction is applied; and a step of controlling to report five or more beams in one report based on the setting.

6. A base station having: a transmitting unit that transmits settings regarding beam reports that apply artificial intelligence (AI)-based beam prediction; and a control unit that controls to receive beam reports that include five or more beams in one report, the beam reports being transmitted from a terminal based on the settings.

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