Flame-retardant damping composition, coating and use thereof
A flame-retardant damping composition with specific components achieves fireproof, sound-insulating, and waterproof properties, addressing the limitations of existing LASD coatings by meeting stringent fire resistance and outdoor suitability standards.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/083190
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-25
AI Technical Summary
Existing aqueous liquid-applied acoustic damping (LASD) coatings lack simultaneous compliance with stringent fire resistance standards, sound insulation, noise reduction, and waterproofing, limiting their suitability for outdoor applications.
A flame-retardant damping composition comprising a vinyl-based copolymer, acrylic polymer, expandable graphite, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine, pentaerythritol, and titanium dioxide with a TiO2 content of more than 95%, formulated in specific weight ratios to achieve fireproof, sound-insulating, and waterproof properties.
The composition meets NFPA130 and EN 45545 fire resistance standards, provides effective sound insulation and noise reduction, and ensures waterproofing, making it suitable for outdoor applications.
Smart Images

Figure PCTCN2024083190-FTAPPB-I100001 
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Figure PCTCN2024083190-FTAPPB-I100003
Abstract
Description
Flame-retardant damping composition, coating and use thereofTechnical field
[0001] The present invention relates to a flame-retardant damping composition for motor vehicle applications, coating and use thereof, especially an aqueous flame-retardant damping composition and damping coating exhibiting excellent fireproof property, sound insulation and noise reduction as well as waterproof and solvent resistance property.Background of the invention
[0002] Acoustic damping materials play a crucial role in mitigating noise caused by vibration in various industrial appliances and vehicles. While traditional methods like manual asphalt pads are used for sound deadening patches, advancements in technology have led to the development of sprayable polymer-based acoustic damping compositions, commonly known as liquid-applied acoustic damping (LASD) materials. These materials aim to enhance installation and replacement processes while delivering superior performance.
[0003] LASD materials offer several advantages over traditional methods. They exhibit higher damping efficiency, reduced odour, and enable easier application through robotic-controlled applicator guns. This method is particularly beneficial for automatic, lightweight, and environmentally friendly designs in industrial and automotive settings.
[0004] LASD compositions can be characterized as either aqueous or non-aqueous systems, such as two-component epoxy-based composition. Aqueous systems, in particular, present several merits including easier design implementation, a wider damping range, lower volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions, and cost-effectiveness compared to non-aqueous coatings. However, despite these advantages, none of prior aqueous LASD coatings can meet stringent Structural Fire Resistance Standard NFPA130 (enduring combustion for at least 90 minutes) and European Railway Standard for Fire Safety Test EN 45545 (HL3 level) simultaneously. Moreover, they also often lack good sound insulation and noise reduction properties, and may have limited waterproofing or solvent resistance, which hinders their suitability for outdoor applications.
[0005] In view of the above, there is still a need for flame-retardant damping composition that exhibits excellent fireproof property, sound insulation and noise reduction as well as good waterproof and salt resistance when cured.Summary of the invention
[0006] According to a first aspect of the invention, disclosed herein is a flame-retardant damping composition comprising
[0007] (A) a vinyl-based copolymer,
[0008] (B) an acrylic polymer,
[0009] (C) an expandable graphite,
[0010] (D) an ammonium polyphosphate,
[0011] (E) a melamine,
[0012] (F) a pentaerythritol, and
[0013] (G) a titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content of more than 95%;
[0014] wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 0.9: 1 to 5: 1, and the total weight of the component (D) , (E) and (F) is present more than 25.0%by weight based on the total weight of the damping composition.
[0015] According to a second aspect of the invention, provided herein is a damping coating comprises a cured product of the flame-retardant damping composition according to the present invention.
[0016] According to a third aspect of the invention, provided herein is a panel, comprising a substrate and a damping coating disposed thereon, wherein the damping coating is the cured product of the flame-retardant damping composition according to the present invention.
[0017] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, provided herein is the use of the flame-retardant damping composition according to the present invention or the damping coating according to the present invention in manufacturing motor vehicles or construction components.
[0018] The invention features excellent fireproof property, i.e. meeting stringent Structural Fire Resistance Standard NFPA130 (enduring combustion for at least 90 minutes) and European Railway Standard for Fire Safety Test EN 45545 (HL3 level) simultaneously. The invention also enables satisfactory waterproof and solvent resistance of the product that can be used for outdoor systems such as fireproof coating on the underbody of high-speed trains. Through careful selection in polymer and establishing fire-retardant systems, the Loss factor of the damping coefficient in a range of larger than 0.09, preferably larger than 0.14 at 20℃ can be achieved, along with the realization of good sound insulation and noise reduction at room temperature.
[0019] Other features and aspects of the subject matter are set forth in greater detail below.Detailed description of the invention
[0020] It is to be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention is a description of exemplary embodiments only and is not intended as limiting the broader aspects of the present invention. Each aspect so described may be combined with any other aspect or aspects unless clearly indicated to the contrary. In particular, any feature indicated as being preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature or features indicated as being preferred or advantageous.
[0021] Unless specified otherwise, in the context of the present invention, the terms used are to be construed in accordance with the following definitions.
[0022] Unless specified otherwise, as used herein, the terms “a” , “an” and “the” include both singular and plural referents.
[0023] The terms “comprising” and “comprises” as used herein are synonymous with “including” , “includes” or “containing” , “contains” , and are inclusive or open-ended and do not exclude additional, non-recited members, elements or process steps.
[0024] The term “at least one” or “one or more” used herein to define a component refers to the type of the component, and not to the absolute number of molecules. For example, “one or more polyols” means one type of polyol or a mixture of a plurality of different polyols.
[0025] The “flame-retardant” as used herein refers to protection of the substrate from fire by use of a non-combustible material.
[0026] The term “polymer” is used herein consistent with its common usage in chemistry. Polymers are composed of many repeated subunits. The term “polymer” is used to describe the resultant material formed from a polymerization reaction.
[0027] The term “vinyl-based copolymers” is used herein consistent with its common usage in chemistry, which includes vinyl monomers in their structure.
[0028] The “solid content” used herein is determined by ISO 3251.
[0029] The term “acrylic” refers to both or any one of “acrylic” and “methacrylic” .
[0030] The term “acrylate” refers to both or any one of “acrylate” and “methacrylate” .
[0031] The term "room temperature" as used herein refers to a temperature of about 20 ℃ to about 25 ℃, preferably about 25 ℃.
[0032] The term “emulsion” refers to a fine dispersion of minute droplets (EVA copolymers) being dispersed in water by aid of surfactants (like soap) , a term to differentiate from solution or blend.
[0033] The term "D50 particle size" refers to a median diameter in a volume-basis particle size distribution curve obtained by measurement with a laser diffraction particle size analyze.
[0034] The terms “curing” is used herein means a process of hardening of a material. The term is intended to encompass the drying of the material through the evaporation of water and co-solvents from the material and also, where applicable, the cross-linking of components within the material which possess reactive groups.
[0035] Unless specified otherwise, the recitation of numerical end points includes all numbers and fractions subsumed within the respective ranges, as well as the recited end points.
[0036] All references cited in the present specification are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0037] In this context, the glass transition temperature (Tg) or the melting point of a specific polymer is determined using DSC according to DIN 53 765.
[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used in the present invention, including technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of the ordinary skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.
[0039] In one aspect, the present disclosure is generally directed to a flame-retardant damping composition comprising:
[0040] (A) a vinyl-based copolymer,
[0041] (B) an acrylic polymer,
[0042] (C) an expandable graphite,
[0043] (D) an ammonium polyphosphate,
[0044] (E) a melamine,
[0045] (F) a pentaerythritol, and
[0046] (G) a titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content of more than 95%;
[0047] wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 0.9: 1 to 5: 1, and the total weight of the component (D) , (E) and (F) is present more than 25.0%by weight based on the total weight of the damping composition.
[0048] (A) Vinyl-based copolymer
[0049] According to the present invention, the flame-retardant damping composition comprises a vinyl-based copolymers to provide adhesion to the substrate when exposed to high temperatures (>200℃) .
[0050] Suitable vinyl-based copolymers used in the present invention can be an aqueous dispersion (emulsion) of vinyl-based copolymers, which is capable of binding the flame-retardant agents sufficiently so that it adheres to the substrate. The aqueous dispersion of vinyl-based copolymer preferably has a resin solid content of from 40 to 70 wt. %.
[0051] Generally, any type of vinyl-based copolymers can be used in the present invention, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate Copolymer, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer. However, particular advantages are observed with the use of an aqueous dispersion of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer or an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymer. Unlike acrylic resin or other polymers, which may break down and spread out like powder when exposed to high temperatures (>200℃) , the vinyl-based copolymers dispersions offer strong adhesion under such conditions, making them highly suitable for the present invention.
[0052] Suitable ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers used in the present invention include, for example, a copolymer of 10 to 95 wt %of vinyl acetate and the balance consisting of ethylene. Suitable aqueous dispersions of the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer preferably have a solid content of 40 to 70 wt %, a viscosity of 50 to 9,000 cp and a pH of 2 to 7.
[0053] Suitable vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymers used in the present invention include, for example, a copolymer of 5 to 30 wt. %of ethylene, 15 to 70 wt. %, or preferably 30 to 70 wt. %, of vinyl acetate and 25 to 75 wt. %, or preferably 25 to 65 wt %, of vinyl versatate. Since vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymers have a -OCO-CH3 group and also contains a substantial amount of oxygen, the flame retarding effect thereof is generally large when it is used in combination of ammonium polyphosphate. Suitable aqueous dispersions of the vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymer preferably have a solid content of 40 to 70 wt %, a viscosity of 1,000 to 7,000 cp and a pH of 2 to 7.
[0054] Generally, the vinyl-based copolymers used in the present invention typically have glass transition temperature (Tg) in the range of from about -40 ℃ to about 40 ℃. In one embodiment of the invention a combination of vinyl-based polymers is used wherein the two vinyl-based polymers having different Tg (both greater than 0℃) .
[0055] Suitable commercially vinyl-based copolymers (in the form of emulsion) used in the present invention are available under EMULTEXTM FR 797, EMULTEXTM FR 728 from Synthomer, EAF 68 and EP 724 from Wacker, Vinamul 8482 and Celvolit 1496 from Celanese.
[0056] With particular preference, the vinyl-based copolymers (A) may be present in an amount of from 6.0%to 30.0%by weight, preferably from 7.0%to 26.0%, based on the total weight of the damping composition. It’s worthwhile noting that the weight ratio herein refers to the weight of polymer excluding the water content in case a polymer dispersion is used.
[0057] (B) Acrylic polymer
[0058] According to the present invention, the flame-retardant damping composition comprises an acrylic polymer as the second essential component to provide good sound insulation, waterproof and solvent resistance property to the damping composition.
[0059] The acrylic polymers suitable for present invention are in dispersed (emulsified) form and may be selected from any of the acrylic polymeric materials conventionally used in aqueous compositions capable of forming damping coatings on substrate surfaces.
[0060] Preferred acrylic polymers include dispersions of acrylate polymers and copolymers (sometimes referred to in the art as acrylic resins) for example, copolymers of lower alkyl (meth) acrylates such as n-butyl acrylate with comonomers such as styrene and / or acrylonitrile are also preferred for use. Mixtures of the aforementioned polymers may be used and may be preferred for purposes of obtaining the desired combination of properties in the final cured coating. For example, different polymers having different glass transition temperature characteristics may be used in combination.
[0061] Generally, the acrylic polymers used in the present invention typically have glass transition temperatures in the range of from about -10 ℃ to about 40 ℃, preferably 0 ℃ to 20℃. In one embodiment of the invention, the acrylic polymer is used has a Tg greater than 0℃ (e.g., 3 ℃) .
[0062] Suitable commercially acrylic polymers (in the form of emulsion) used in the present invention are available under AntampTM 0658, Tekspro 5117, AntampTM 0656, AntampTM 0655 from Wanhua, Acronal 3612, Acronal 4569 from BASF, AV-1220, SD-65, AV-2240 from DOW, 3612 from Trinseo, B500 and 31Y40 from Synthomer.
[0063] According to the invention, aqueous dispersions of the acrylic polymer are generally obtained with a solids content of greater than 45%by weight, preferably greater than 50%by weight.
[0064] With particular preference, the acrylic polymer (B) is present in an amount of more than 2.5%to less than 10.0%by weight, preferably from 3.0%to 8.0%, based on the total weight of the damping composition. It’s worthwhile noting that the weight ratio herein refers to the weight of polymer excluding the water content in case a polymer dispersion is used.
[0065] According to the present invention, the weight ratio of the component (A) to component (B) is crucial, ranging from 0.9: 1 to 5: 1, preferably from 1: 1 to 4: 1, and more preferably from 1: 1 to 3: 1. This range is paramount for achieving a balanced performance in terms of fireproofing, waterproofing, and sound insulation. The component (A) contributes to adhesion under high temperatures, as described above, while the component (B) imparts the damping composition with excellent sound insulation, waterproofing, and solvent resistance properties. If the weight ratio of the component (A) to component (B) falls below 0.9: 1 (indicating insufficient vinyl-based copolymers according to the present invention) , the damping composition may fail to meet the flame resistance standard specified in the context. Conversely, if the weight ratio of the component (A) to component (B) exceeds 5: 1 (indicating insufficient acrylic polymer content according to the present invention) , the soundproofing and waterproofing capabilities of the damping composition may prove unsatisfactory.
[0066] (C) Expandable graphite
[0067] According to the present invention, the flame-retardant damping composition comprises an expandable graphite as the first flame-retardant agent, which exhibits rapid expansion upon exposure to temperatures ranging from 160 to 200℃, thereby forming an initial layer of expanded carbon. This expanded layer effectively hinders fire propagation.
[0068] Generally, expandable graphite (also known as exfoliated graphite) can be produced from the naturally occurring mineral graphite. The layered structure of graphite allows molecules to be intercalated in between the graphite layers. If expandable graphite is heated, the graphite flakes will expand to a multiple of their starting volume.
[0069] A wide variety of expandable graphite of different density, shape, particle size and expansion ratio can be used in the present invention. The density of the expandable graphite can be in the range from 1.5 to 2.1 g / cm3 by weight. The expandable graphite suitable for present invention are generally flake-like, for example, a 50-mesh flake having a typical length and width of about 0.5 mm, with the largest particles generally being about 0.9 mm, and the typical thickness of about 0.08 mm; a 80-mesh flake having a typical length and width of about 0.4 mm, with the typical thickness of about 0.07 mm.Preferred expandable graphite used in the present invention may have an expansion ratio of larger than 50 ml / g, more preferably from 90 ml / g to 400 ml / g. The expansion ratio refers to the increase in volume of the graphite when it is exposed to heat or high temperatures.
[0070] Suitable commercially expandable graphite used in the present invention are available under ADT 95, ADT 1002, ADT 802, ADT 249, ADT 251 and ADT 351 from Hebei ADT Trading CO., LTD.
[0071] With particular preference, the expandable graphite (C) may be present in an amount of 1.0%to 35.0%by weight, preferably from 5.0%to 30.0%, based on the total weight of the damping composition.
[0072] (D) Ammonium polyphosphate
[0073] According to the present invention, the flame-retardant damping composition comprises an ammonium polyphosphate (D) .
[0074] Suitable ammonium polyphosphates useful in the present invention include, for example, ammonium polyphosphate and amide polyphosphate. However, any compound having equivalent properties can also be used if desired. By using a microcapsulated ammonium polyphosphate compound, increases in the viscosity of the aqueous dispersion can generally be reduced when the ammonium polyphosphate compound is mixed into an aqueous dispersion resin. The ammonium polyphosphate compound can be made relatively insoluble in water and can be stabilized by microcapsulation. The ammonium polyphosphate preferably has a phosphorus content of 15 to 35%. Since insufficient waterproof property of ammonium polyphosphate, it is preferably to use ammonium polyphosphate with a degree of polymerization of larger than 1000.
[0075] Suitable commercially ammonium polyphosphates used in the present invention are available under JLS-104 MF from Hangzhou JLS Flame Retardants Chemical CO., LTD.
[0076] With particular preference, the ammonium polyphosphate (D) may be present in an amount of more than 10.0%to 40.0%by weight, preferably from 15.0%to 35.0%, based on the total weight of the damping composition.
[0077] (E) Melamine
[0078] According to the present invention, the flame-retardant damping composition comprises a melamine
[0079] (E) .
[0080] The melamine can have the following chemical structure. With a nitrogen content of 66%by mass, melamine has fire-retardant properties by releasing nitrogen gas upon combustion or charring.
[0081] Suitable commercially melamine used in the present invention are available from BASF.
[0082] With particular preference, the melamine (E) is present in an amount of more than 5.0%to 15.0%by weight, preferably from 5.0%to 12.0%, based on the total weight of the damping composition.
[0083] (F) Pentaerythritol
[0084] According to the present invention, the flame-retardant damping composition comprises a pentaerythritol (F) .
[0085] The pentaerythritol (F) can be represents by the formula C (CH2OH) 4.
[0086] Suitable commercially melamine used in the present invention are available under JLS-PENTA from Hangzhou JLS Flame Retardants Chemical CO., LTD.
[0087] With particular preference, the pentaerythritol (F) is present in an amount of more than 5.0%to 10.0%by weight, preferably from 5.0%to 9.0%, based on the total weight of the damping composition.
[0088] The component (D) , (E) and (F) described herein jointly forms a flame-retardant system. When exposed to temperature ranging from 200 to 230℃, an ammonium polyphosphate (D) decomposes during combustion, generating nitrogen gas that inhibits oxygen and produce phosphoric acid. With blending a melamine (E) and a pentaerythritol (F) described herein, a reaction occurs where pentaerythritol undergoes intramolecular dehydration and esterification under acid catalysis, resulting in the formation of the second carbon layer. Melamine decomposition releases volatile substances, leading to expansion of the second carbon layer and thereby enhancing the flame-retardant properties.
[0089] When the mixture of the component (D) , (E) and (F) is present in an amount of more than 25%to 60%based on the total weight of the damping composition, the damping composition is preferably to exhibit fireproof properties and resistance to salt. Moreover, the weight ratio of components (D) , (E) , and (F) preferably ranges from 1: 1: 1 to 3: 1: 1.
[0090] (G) Titanium dioxide
[0091] According to the present invention, the flame-retardant damping composition comprises a titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content of more than 95%, which act as the third flame-retardant agent.
[0092] When the temperature exceeds 300℃, the second layer of expanded carbon layer formed will continue to form a more high-temperature resistant titanium pyrophosphate carbon layer with high-purity titanium dioxide, thereby further improving the flame retarding effect.
[0093] Suitable component (G) used in the present invention can have a density of 2 to 15g / cm3 determined by DIN ENISO 787-10. The titanium dioxide can have a surface treatment or not. Preferred titanium dioxide (G) has no more than 40.0%of a sieve residue (more than 40 μm) after dispersion in water, and no more than 0.5%of a sieve residue (more than 200 μm) after dispersion in water.
[0094] Compared with the traditional metal hydroxide, such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide or common titanium dioxide containing about a TiO2 content of about 95%or less, the flame-retardant damping composition having component (G) exhibits better flameproof performance. As used herein, the TiO2 content in titanium dioxide is determined by DIN EN ISO 591.
[0095] Suitable titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content of more than 95%can be produced by the sulphate process or commercially available under KRONOS 3025 from Omya.
[0096] With particular preference, the component (G) may be present in an amount of from 1%to 20.0%by weight, and preferably from 1%to 10%by weight, based on the total weight of the damping composition.
[0097] Optional components
[0098] The composition according to the invention may also contain optional additives which known to a person skilled in the art that are customarily used in polymer compositions, providing they do not essentially detract from the invention, in particular defoamers, pigments, thickeners, drying control agents, surface-active agents, such as sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium tripolyphosphates, polymer surface-active agents, blowing agents, nucleating agents, softeners, heat stabilizers and the like. Other substances that promote the flame retardancy may optionally also be added, for example carbon-forming substances such as polyphenylene ether and polycarbonate and substances modifying the dripping behaviors, for example fluoropolymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene. In particular, the damping composition comprises a defoamer. Commercial product of the defoamer is available under Foamaster MO NXZ from BASF.
[0099] The total amount of optional additives in the compositions will preferably be up to 10.0%by weight, and more preferably from 0.1%to 10%by weight or from 0.1 to 7.5%by weight, based on the total of the composition. The desired viscosity of the compositions will typically be determinative of the total amount of optional additives added.
[0100] Damping composition
[0101] In particular preferred embodiments, the flame-retardant damping composition according to any one of the preceding claims, based on the total weight of the flame-retardant damping composition, comprises:
[0102] from 6.0%to 30.0%by weight of a vinyl-based copolymers,
[0103] more than 2.5%to less than 10.0%by weight of an acrylic copolymer,
[0104] from 1.0%to 35.0%by weight of an expandable graphite,
[0105] more than 25.0%by weight to 60.0%by weight of a mixture consisting of an ammonium polyphosphate, a melamine and a pentaerythritol,
[0106] from 0.1%to 20.0%by weight of a titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content of more than 95%.
[0107] Without specific intention to limit the amount of water included in the aqueous compositions, it is preferred that said compositions comprises from 5.0 to 30.0%by weight of water as a liquid phase.
[0108] Preparation method of the damping composition
[0109] The flame-retardant damping composition are formulated by simple mixing of the various components.
[0110] The apparatuses for these mixing, stirring, dispersing, and the like are not particularly limited. There can be used an automated mortar, a Henschel mixer, a three-roll mill, a ball mill, a planetary mixer, a bead mill, and the like which are equipped with a stirrer and a heater. Also, an appropriate combination of these apparatuses may be used. The preparation method of the flame-retardant damping composition is not particularly limited, as long as a composition in which the above-described components are uniformly mixed.
[0111] In accordance with the broadest process aspects of the present invention, the above-described compositions are applied to a substrate and then cured in situ.
[0112] According to a second aspect of the invention, provided herein is a damping coating comprises a cured product of the flame-retardant damping composition according to the present invention.
[0113] According to a third aspect of the invention, provided herein is a panel, comprising a substrate and a damping coating disposed thereon, wherein the damping coating is the cured product of the flame-retardant damping composition according to the present invention.
[0114] There is no particular intention to the limit the substrates to which the present compositions may be applied. In application to vehicular panels, exemplary substrates may be metallic, polymeric or combinations thereof. However, particular mention may be made of ferrous metals, such as iron, steel, and alloys thereof; nonferrous metals, such as aluminum, zinc and alloys thereof; and combinations thereof. In illustrative embodiments, the substrate may be formed from: cold rolled steel; electro-galvanized steel, such as hot dip electro-galvanized steel or electro-galvanized iron-zinc steel; or aluminum.
[0115] The composition may be applied to the substrate by any convenient means known in the art, such as by painting (by brush or spray) .
[0116] Prior to applying the compositions, it is often advisable to pre-treat the relevant surfaces to remove foreign matter there from: this step can, if applicable, facilitate the subsequent adhesion of the compositions thereto. Such treatments are known in the art and can be performed in a single or multi-stage manner constituted by, for instance, immersion in a waterborne alkaline degreasing bath; treatment with a waterborne cleaning emulsion; treatment with a cleaning solvent, such as carbon tetrachloride or trichloroethylene; and, water rinsing, preferably with deionized or demineralized water. In those instances where a waterborne alkaline degreasing bath is used, any of the degreasing agent remaining on the surface should desirably be removed by rinsing the substrate surface with deionized or demineralized water.
[0117] The compositions are then applied to the preferably pre-treated, optionally primed surfaces of the substrate by conventional application methods such as: brushing; roll coating; doctor-blade application; printing methods; and, spraying methods, including but not limited to air-atomized spray, air-assisted spray, airless spray and high-volume low-pressure spray.
[0118] The thickness of the applied coating in the present invention may be adjusted such that the final cured coating is effective in fireproofing and suppressing noise to the desired extent. In many instances, the compositions will be applied to a wet film thickness of from 1 to 5 mm. The application of thinner layers within this range is more economical and provides for a reduced likelihood of deleterious thick cured regions. However, great control must be exercised in applying thinner coatings or layers so as to avoid the formation of discontinuous cured films.
[0119] The curing of the compositions of the invention typically occurs at room temperatures for 24 hours to 48 hours, or in the range of from 20℃ to 60℃. The temperature that is suitable depends on the specific compounds present and the desired curing rate and can be determined in the individual case by the skilled artisan, using simple preliminary tests if necessary.
[0120] According to a fourth aspect of the invention, provided herein is the use of the flame-retardant damping composition according to the present invention or the damping coating according to the present invention in manufacturing motor vehicles or construction components.
[0121] The said suitable motor vehicles includes, but not limited to, cars, trucks, buses, motorcycles, delivery vans, bicycles, and specialized vehicles like electric scooters, golf carts, and construction vehicles such as high-speed train, underground train, shuttle bus, metro, public transit, recreational activities, and other industrial operations or public transportations.
[0122] The said construction components includes, but not limited to, walls, roofing, flooring, structural frameworks in building complex, apartments, museums, stadiums, infrastructures, and other architectural complex.
[0123] Examples
[0124] The following examples are intended to assist one skilled in the art to better understand and practice the present invention. The scope of the invention is not limited by the examples but is defined in the appended claims. All parts and percentages are based on weight unless otherwise stated.
[0125] Raw materials:
[0126] EMULTEXTM FR 797 is vinyl acetate -vinyl versatate copolymer dispersion having a solid content of 55%, a viscosity of 1100 mPa. sat 23℃ and Tg of 13℃, available from Synthomer.
[0127] EMULTEXTM FR 728 is vinyl acetate -vinyl versatate copolymer dispersion having a solid content of 50%, a viscosity of 2250 mPa. sat 23℃ and Tg of 23℃, available from Synthomer.
[0128] AntampTM 0658 is an aqueous acrylic copolymer emulsion having a solid content of 50%determined by WHPU / T 011-571-2017 and a Tg of 3℃, available from Wanhua.
[0129] JLS-104 MF is ammonium polyphosphate available from Hangzhou JLS Flame Retardants Chemical CO., LTD.
[0130] Melamine is available from BASF.
[0131] JLS-PENTA is pentaerythritol available from Hangzhou JLS Flame Retardants Chemical CO., LTD.
[0132] ADT 351 is expanded graphite having an expansion ratio of larger than 350 ml / g, available from Hebei ADT Trading CO., LTD.
[0133] KRONOS 3025 is high-purity titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content >99%determined by DIN EN ISO 591, available from Omya.
[0134] Ti-PureTM R-902+ is titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content of 93%determined by DIN EN ISO 591, available from Dupont.
[0135] Aluminum hydroxide powder is available from Chinalco.
[0136] Foamaster MO NXZ is defoamer available from BASF.
[0137] Preparation method
[0138] <Preparation of the damping composition of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9 (Ex. 1 to Ex. 3 and CE1 to CE9) >
[0139] Compositions of the Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9comprise the following raw materials at the indicated levels. The compositions were obtained by first adding the liquid materials to a vessel and mixing at temperature of less than 30℃. The powder filler materials were then added and mixed until a smooth homogeneous paste was obtained. The rheological additives and water were then added with mixing to adjust the desired viscosity. Vacuum is preferred during mixing to reduce the trapped air bubbles.
[0140] <Curing of the damping composition>
[0141] The compositions were applied to the substrate by manual brushing. The thickness was controlled from about 1 mm to about 4 mm. After application on the substrate, the composition was typically drying at room temperature for 24 hours to no more than 48 hours.
[0142] Test Methods
[0143] <Damping coefficient test>
[0144] The damping test was carried out by TWS Michael Schulthes obster test system on the damping coatings prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples. The specific damping test method was tested in accordance with the provisions of GB / T 18258-2000. The size of the stainless-steel plate was 220mm×3mm×1 mm. The size of the damping paint was 220mm×3mm×2.0mm and cured in an oven at the temperature of 50℃ for 6 hours. Before testing, the samples were left at room temperature for 48 hours. The damping coefficient test was carried out under the temperature ranging from -40℃ to 60℃ and the measurement was tested every 2.5℃ when the temperature was stable. The composite loss factor at a frequency of 200 Hz was recorded and normalized by the area density of 3 kg / cm3. The damping coefficient measurement results are shown in Table 1.
[0145] The loss factor, at the temperature of 20℃, larger than 0.09 can be deemed as acceptable damping coefficient. Preferred loss factor is equal to or greater than 0.14.
[0146] <Structural Flame Resistance Test >
[0147] The structural flame resistance test was carried out based on the standard NFPA130 on the damping coatings prepared in all Examples and Comparative Examples. A base material Q235 steel was prepared by removing rust and applying prescribed rust prevention measures. A 2mm coating was applied to the surface of a 300 *300 *2mm substrate and drying at room temperature for 48 hours, forming the testing board. A vertical combustion test was carried out in a flame impact tester PJKJ-SS-1500. A nozzle was positioned 50mm away from the coating on the testing board to generate an external flame temperature of 1000±50℃. A timer was placed on top, starting from 000000, while nine thermocouples were positioned on the backboard of the substrate (the side without coating) to measure the temperature rise.
[0148] Each testing board was subjected to combustion. The combustion time that each sample could endure was recorded in Table 1. If holes were burned into the testing board during the combustion process, the timer recorded the duration of combustion. The testing board remained structurally intact after burning for 90 minutes, the damping coating was considered to have excellent fire resistance. The longer the time, the better the fireproof property.
[0149] <European Railway Standard for Fire Safety Test EN45545 R1 R2 R17 >
[0150] The European Railway Standard for Fire Safety Test EN45545 R1 R2 R17 contains three individual test items as below:
[0151] All the tests were conducted by DEATAK.
[0152] Cone Calorimeter Test was carried out by following procedures:
[0153] · The sample was conditioned for a minimum of 24 hours to reach a constant mass at 23±2℃ / 50±5%humidity before testing. This condition was maintained until testing began.
[0154] · The instrument switch was turned on, and it was preheated for 40-60 minutes.
[0155] · Samples were prepared, and the required gas (CH4, N2, CO / CO2) for the test was activated.
[0156] · The test software was opened, "RUN A TEST" was clicked to input relevant information, the sample was heated to the specified temperature (833℃) , and the test was started.
[0157] · The test was concluded, and the original data of MAEHE was recorded.
[0158] Smoke Density Test was carried out by following procedures:
[0159] · Prior to testing, the sample was conditioned for at least 24 hours to reach a constant mass at 23±2℃ / 50±5%humidity and was maintained in this condition until testing.
[0160] · The instrument switch, software, and gas valve were opened.
[0161] · The Optic lamp, Chamber Heater, and Optic Heater buttons on the panel were clicked to preheat the instrument for a period of time.
[0162] · The heater furnace button was turned on and heated to the corresponding temperature of 700℃ (50 kW / m2) .
[0163] · "Enter Test Data" was clicked on the software, test information was input, and the test was started.
[0164] · The test was concluded, and the original data of Ds4 and VOF4 was recorded.
[0165] Lateral Flame Spread Test was carried out by following procedures:
[0166] · The sample was conditioned for at least 24 hours to reach a constant mass at 23±2℃ / 50±5%humidity before testing and was maintained in this condition until it was ready for testing.
[0167] · The instrument switch, software, and gas valve were all opened.
[0168] · The Optic lamp, Chamber Heater, and Optic Heater buttons on the panel were clicked to preheat the instrument for a period of time.
[0169] · The heater furnace button was turned on, and the instrument was heated to the corresponding temperature of 700℃ (50 kW / m2) .
[0170] · "Enter Test Data" was clicked on the software to input test information and initiate the test.
[0171] · The test was concluded, and the original data of CFE (kW / m2) for Max Burn Distance of 350mm was recorded.
[0172] The damping composition is classified as reaching the highest level, denoted as HL3 and marked as "PASS, " only when the following criteria are met simultaneously; otherwise, it will be marked as "FAIL" :
[0173] <Waterproof test>
[0174] A standard tinplate substrate for testing on the damping coatings prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples, with a coating thickness of 4mm, completely immersed in water at room temperature for 24 hours at 23±2℃.
[0175] The waterproof test results are recorded in Table 1 and ranked based on the following criteria:
[0176] - Fail: racking, bubbling, spalling, or softening occurs
[0177] - Pass: No crack, no bubble, no spalling, no soften.
[0178] <Solvent resistance test>
[0179] The waterproof test was measured based on ISO 2812-1974. A standard steel substrate with the size of 70*120*0.2mm for testing on the damping coatings prepared in the Examples and Comparative Examples, with a coating thickness of 4 mm, completely immersed in 3%NaCl at room temperature for 24 hours at 23±2℃.
[0180] The solvent resistance test results are recorded in Table 1 and ranked based on the following criteria:
[0181] - Fail: racking, bubbling, spalling, or softening occurs
[0182] - Pass: No crack, no bubble, no spalling, no soften.
[0183] Table 1:
[0184] As shown in Table 1, the comparison between CE1 to CE3 and Ex. 1 demonstrates that the absence of component (G) or replacing it with other inorganic fillers or titanium dioxide with lower content of TiO2 than the claimed range, leads to the damping composition’s failure to meet Structural Fire Resistance Standard NFPA130 (enduring combustion for at least 90 minutes) . Similarly, without expandable graphite (C) also cannot reach the desired fireproof property (CE5) . While, without acrylic polymer (B) , desired sound insulation, waterproofing, and solvent resistance are not achieved (CE4) .
[0185] Furthermore, when the weight ratio of component (A) to (B) deviates from the specified range, such as in CE6 (0.575: 1) , CE7 (0.875: 1) , and CE8 (5.36: 1) , the damping composition fails to endure at least 90 minutes under combustion (Structural Fire Resistance Standard NFPA130) .
[0186] In addition, when the total weight of component (D) , (E) and (F) falls outside the specified range according to the present invention, the resulting damping coating lacks satisfactory sound insulation and resistance to solvents (CE9) .
[0187] Conversely, the damping compositions of Ex. 1 to Ex. 3 exhibited a desired performance characteristics in terms of fireproofing, sound insulation, waterproofing, and resistance to solvents.
[0188] Although some preferred embodiments have been described, many modifications and variations may be made thereto in light of the above teachings. It is therefore to be understood that the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A flame-retardant damping composition comprising(A) a vinyl-based copolymers,(B) an acrylic polymer,(C) an expandable graphite,(D) an ammonium polyphosphate,(E) a melamine,(F) a pentaerythritol, and(G) a titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content of more than 95%;wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 0.9: 1 to 5: 1, and the total weight of the component (D) , (E) and (F) is present more than 25.0%by weight based on the total weight of the damping composition.2.The flame-retardant damping composition according to claim 1, wherein the vinyl-based copolymers (A) is an aqueous dispersion of vinyl-based copolymers having a resin solid content of from 40%to 70 wt. %.3.The flame-retardant damping composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the vinyl-based copolymers (A) is an aqueous dispersion of an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and / or an aqueous dispersion of a vinyl acetate-vinyl versatate copolymer.4.The flame-retardant damping composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the acrylic polymer (B) is an aqueous dispersion of acrylic polymer having a resin solid content of greater than 45%by weight, preferably greater than 50%by weight.5.The flame-retardant damping composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of component (A) to component (B) is from 1: 1 to 4: 1, preferably from 1 :1 to 3: 1.6.The flame-retardant damping composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the total weight of the component (D) , (E) and (F) is present in an amount of more than 25.0%to 60.0%, based on the total weight of the damping composition.7.The flame-retardant damping composition according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the weight ratio of components (D) , (E) , and (F) ranges from 1: 1: 1 to 3: 1: 1.8.The flame-retardant damping composition according to any one of the preceding claims, based on the total weight of the flame-retardant damping composition, comprises:from 6.0%to 30.0%by weight of a vinyl-based copolymers,more than 2.5%to less than 10.0%by weight of an acrylic copolymer,from 1.0%to 35.0%by weight of an expandable graphite,more than 25.0%by weight to 60.0%by weight of a mixture consisting of an ammonium polyphosphate, a melamine and a pentaerythritol,from 1%to 20.0%by weight of a titanium dioxide having a TiO2 content of more than 95%.9.The flame-retardant damping composition any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flame-retardant damping composition comprises from 5.0 to 30.0%by weight of water as a liquid phase.10.The flame-retardant damping composition any one of the preceding claims, wherein the flame-retardant damping composition further comprises an optional component selected from defoamers, pigments, thickeners, drying control agents, surface-active agents, polymer surface-active agents, blowing agents, nucleating agents, softeners and heat stabilizers.11.A damping coating comprises a cured product of the flame-retardant damping composition according to claims 1 to 10.12.A panel, comprising a substrate and a damping coating disposed thereon, wherein the damping coating is the cured product of the flame-retardant damping composition according to claims 1 to 10.13.Use of the flame-retardant damping composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or the damping coating according to claim 11 in manufacturing motor vehicles or construction components.
Citation Information
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