Filter and communication device comprising the same
The cascaded block design of multi-mode ceramic filters with integrated coupling structures addresses the challenges of size and tuning efficiency, enhancing performance and integration in radio systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/083222
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-22
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing multi-mode ceramic filters face challenges in achieving both high unloaded quality (Qu) factor and small size, while also requiring complex assembly processes and difficult frequency tuning, leading to low tuning efficiency and high yield loss.
A filter design comprising cascaded blocks of dielectric material with metalized surfaces, where adjacent blocks are coupled through magnetic or electric coupling structures, allowing for easy frequency and coupling adjustments, and integrated into a single ceramic body for efficient signal input and output.
The design achieves improved spurious performance, accessible frequency tuning, and reduced size with enhanced integration capabilities, maintaining high Qu factor and reducing tuning complexity.
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Figure CN2024083222_13112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
FILTER AND COMMUNICATION DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAMETechnical Field
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the technical field of communication device, and more particularly, to a filter and a communication device comprising the filter.Background
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate better understanding of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] Mobile network develops very fast in recent decades. It enables digital wireless experience. As global mobile network continues to grow, smart network modernization becomes imperative. Managing data growth while improving user experience requires continued network evolution, meaning seamless coverage, high data rate and so on. 5G and the evolutionary solution is the key component for the digital world. Massive Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) is one of the great features in 5G. Active antenna system (AAS) with filter is tightly integrated with radio station. It is a challenge how to continue to make radio small and light while keeping good performance. Filter provides filtering function on radio front end, prevents radio station interfering other system and protects itself from the others. It needs sharp roll-off response to attenuate emissions.
[0004] Wireless spectrum is getting more and more crowded. It makes tough requirement towards filter. Number of poles and zeros are the major contributor of out-band performance. With more poles and zeros, filter can provide better out-of-band rejection. More number of poles normally means larger size of filter as well. On the other hand, with more poles and zeros, in-band performance is getting worse.
[0005] Global warming is greater challenge. Eco and power saving radio station helps to reduce energy consumption and CO2 emission. In-band performance of filter is key for an eco radio system. It desires low insertion loss. Unloaded quality (Qu) factor is a parameter to reflect how good the insertion loss can be. And number of poles and zeros, position of zeros also impact insertion loss. For classic cavity filter technology, size has positive correlation with Qu. The bigger the size is, the better Qu will be. Higher loss filter results in bigger hint sink or limited output power on radio.
[0006] Radio unit is widely mounted on top of a tower, on a roof, or hanging on a pole. Light weight and small size radio unit is certainly preferred. This requires small size filter. With further tightly integrated radio unit, it also requires better integration between filter and radio.
[0007] To prevent interfering other system and protect radio itself, a decent performance filter is needed in the radio front end. It works on the wide frequency range to filtering out unwanted signal.
[0008] Air cavity metal filter is a classic solution for radio unit application. It has low cost and decent performance, and is easy to produce. In line with small and tight integration of radio with antenna, small metal filter is used. The fundamental keeps the same. Once size is getting smaller, Qu is getting worse too.
[0009] Air cavity ceramic filter is a solution to improve Qu and sometimes it can also give smaller size. For example, US8773222B2 discloses an air cavity ceramic filter. Many air cavity ceramic filter solutions can hardly shrink the size too much, and as frequency gets higher, ceramic rod fabrication may be difficult when the size is getting too small.
[0010] Ceramic waveguide (CWG) filter is developed very fast in recent years. It has much small size compared with classic metal filter. Single mode CWG filter has low cost and is simple to fabricate. But the Qu is very limited. Worse in-band performance limits the usage.
[0011] Multi-mode ceramic filter is a solution developed rapidly in recent year. It is small size, light weight and easy for surface mount technology (SMT) , and is considered as a solution to improve Qu and size. Many proposed multi-mode solutions have either good Qu or small size, or having both. But making multi-mode filter useful in practical has many challenges.
[0012] Most multi-mode solutions are difficult to produce and require accurate assembly. For example, US11239537B2 discloses a dual mode filter, which gives good Qu and decent spurious performance. The filter includes several resonators that need to be assembled. US6954122B2 and US6853271B2 each disclose a triple mode filter, which also requires several parts assembled together. Such solutions need high position accuracy and complex assembling process. Moreover, frequency is difficult to tune after assembling, and couplings can only be examined after assembling. It leads to long tuning time and yield loss.
[0013] One challenge of realizing multi-mode filter is how to get wanted main coupling. US10109907B2 and US20150380799A1 each disclose a solution to realize coupling by having aperture patterns on metallized surface, and then assemble blocks together. Metallization process is key for ceramic filter performance. To get any pattern on the surface requires laser etching or screen printing of silver paste or any other process. Further assembling of those corresponding surfaces on adjacent blocks together requires very high positioning accuracy and additional process, like soldering, binding etc.. Moreover, all tolerances from different components and assembly accumulated makes producibility getting worse
[0014] Another challenge to make multi-mode filter useful is how to get cross coupling. Cross coupling gives transmission zero in filter response and provides better out-of-band rejection. Unlike metal cavity filter, it is a challenge to get wanted cross coupling with a feasible structure. WO2014128488A1 discloses a multi-mode cavity filter, in which a cross coupling is added with additional external structure. For ceramic waveguide, one common solution to get cross coupling is to use transmission line on a printed circuit board (PCB) and couple to ceramic. It introduces extra loss, and potentially physical limitation sometimes.
[0015] In ‘Analysis of Compact Triple-Mode Ceramic Cavity Filters Using Parallel-Coupled Resonators Approach’ (David R. Hendry and Amin M. Abbosh, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Tech., vol. 64, no. 8, August 2016) , a smart way to realize filter response on a triple mode filter is described. Unlike most classic filters, including metal cavity filters and CWG filters, which are using cascaded coupling, parallel coupling applies there. Filter normally needs fine tune in production manually or by machine. Tuners are used to tuning traditional filter, and many mature enough tools, algorithms are ready to use for classic topologies. It needs additional tuning training and further optimization of tuning algorithm to adapt to parallel coupling topology.
[0016] Spurious is another major issue for multi-mode ceramic filter application. Modern wireless spectrum is very crowded, and every radio needs to suppress emissions up to 5 times or even higher frequency of pass band. Classic ceramic filter solutions and multi-mode solutions are commonly having worse spurious performance. Moreover, some of spurious are very close to pass band. It leads to either difficult to use the filter or degrading in-band performance with low pass filter (LPF) .
[0017] US9406988B2 discloses a way how to connect a cavity of a multi-mode filter with PCB. Energy can be coupled from cavity to PCB and routing out. But it needs accurate shape of apertures and mounting position.
[0018] To product multi-mode ceramic in volume is a great challenge. Considering manufacture tolerance, assembling tolerance etc., fine tune of filter is normally necessary. In the solutions mentioned above, for frequency tuning it needs to tune each blocks separately before assembling, which requires many tuning jigs. Or it can only tune some of the frequencies after assembling, since only some surfaces are accessible on the assembly body. This has enormous impact on tuning efficiency and yield.Summary
[0019] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0020] One of the objects of the disclosure is to provide a novel and improved solution for multi-mode filters.
[0021] According to a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a filter comprising a plurality of cascaded blocks. Each block substantially takes the shape of a cuboid and is made of a dielectric material with metalized surface. A first block has at least a first mode with a first electric field vector. A second block adjacent to the first block has at least a second mode with a second electric field vector. The first mode is coupled to the second mode, and the first electric field vector and the second electric field vector are substantially parallel to each other.
[0022] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second block further has a third mode with a third electric field vector, a third block adjacent to the second block has a fourth mode with a fourth electric field vector. The third mode is coupled to the fourth mode, and the third electric field vector and the fourth electric field vector are substantially parallel to each other.
[0023] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second mode is coupled to the third mode in the second block, and the second electric field vector and the third electric field vector are substantially orthogonal to each other.
[0024] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the second block further has a fifth mode with a fifth electric field vector. The fifth mode is coupled to both the second mode and the third mode in the second block. The second electric field vector, the third electric field vector and the fifth electric field vector are substantially orthogonal to each other.
[0025] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the coupling between the respective modes inside the second block is achieved by a corner modification in the second block.
[0026] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a magnetic coupling or an electric coupling is achieved between two adjacent blocks by a coupling structure.
[0027] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a coupling tuning structure is provided on an exposed surface of the two adjacent blocks that is orthogonal to the coupled electric field vectors.
[0028] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a frequency tuning structure is provided on at least one exposed surface of each block.
[0029] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the coupling tuning structure and / or the frequency tuning structure is / are formed as a blind hole or groove on the exposed surface.
[0030] In an embodiment of the disclosure, a blind hole structure that can provide electric port coupling is formed at an exposed surface of the first block.
[0031] In an embodiment of the disclosure, another blind hole structure that can provide electric port coupling is formed at an exposed surface of another block, and the exposed surface of the first block and the exposed surface of the another block are on the same plane.
[0032] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the plurality of cascaded blocks are integrally formed as one body.
[0033] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the dielectric material is ceramic or plastic.
[0034] According to a second aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a communication device comprising at least one filter as described above.
[0035] In an embodiment of the disclosure, the filter is directly attached to a PCB or is connected to the PCB by an RF connector or pad.Brief Description of the Drawings
[0036] These and other objects, features and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description of illustrative embodiments thereof, which are to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0037] FIG. 1 shows a typical single mode cavity used in CWG filters;
[0038] FIG. 2 shows an eigen mode simulation result of the single mode cavity;
[0039] FIG. 3 shows a typical dual mode cavity used in CWG filters;
[0040] FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show a typical triple mode cavity used in CWG filters;
[0041] FIG. 6 shows a filter comprising three cascaded blocks according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0042] FIG. 7 shows electric field vectors of respective modes in the filter shown in FIG. 6;
[0043] FIG. 8 shows frequency accessibility and coupling accessibility of the filter shown in FIG. 6;
[0044] FIG. 9 shows a port coupling structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 10 shows a port connection with a connector according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 11 shows a filter circuit model according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 12 shows a filter structure realizing the filter circuit model shown in FIG. 11; and
[0048] FIG. 13 shows a 3D simulation result of the filter structure shown in FIG. 12.Detailed Description
[0049] The embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than suggesting any limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Reference throughout this specification to features, advantages, or similar language does not imply that all of the features and advantages that may be realized with the present disclosure should be or are in any single embodiment of the disclosure. Rather, language referring to the features and advantages is understood to mean that a specific feature, advantage, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Furthermore, the described features, advantages, and characteristics of the disclosure may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. Those skilled in the relevant art will recognize that the disclosure may be practiced without one or more of the specific features or advantages of a particular embodiment. In other instances, additional features and advantages may be recognized in certain embodiments that may not be present in all embodiments of the disclosure.
[0050] Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according to their ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless a different meaning is clearly given and / or is implied from the context in which it is used. All references to a / an / the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referring to at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means, step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. Any feature of any of the embodiments disclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, wherever appropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may apply to any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features and advantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from the following description.
[0051] Massive MIMO is a key feature for 5G radio. It needs AAS, and antenna is normally integrated with radio. To have efficient radiation, many radios hang up on a roof or a tower. Therefore, a light weight and small size radio is preferred. Classic metal cavity filter has limited Qu when size is reduced. Air cavity ceramic filter could provide better Qu and reduced size in a limited range. But for tightly integrated 5G radio system, those solutions cannot provide both high Qu and small size at the same time.
[0052] To make small and slim radio, it requires tight integration of filter and radio or antenna. It is preferred to having filters on PCB. For multi-mode ceramic filter which is developed rapidly in recent year, a challenge is then how to integrate the filter with PCB in an efficient way, including input and output method.
[0053] Further, radio front end filter is a fine passive component. It normally requires accurate tuning in production. Every frequency and coupling have impact on return loss and attenuation. Spectrum allocation and radio performance demand more and more complex filters, which normally have more and more poles and zeros. One challenge for many existing multi-mode ceramic filter solutions is that once more poles are included in a filter, some of frequencies and couplings are not easily accessible in the final tuning process. It results in either low tuning efficiency or high tuning yield loss. Both are costly. Besides, ceramic dielectric constant variation and mechanical variation also need frequency and coupling adjustment. Once one or more accessibility is blocked, the final yield will drop.
[0054] In view of the above, an effective multi-mode filter is proposed, which provides small footprint, easy way of input and output, improved spurious performance, accessible frequency tuning for all resonating modes, and controllable couplings.
[0055] High dielectric ceramic material with metalized surface can provide a cavity where many modes resonate. For many single mode cavities used in CWG filters, the first degenerate mode is the resonance frequency composing the filter response. FIG. 1 shows a typical single mode cavity 100 used in CWG filters. The cavity 100 comprises a ceramic block 101 with a metallized surface 102. An electric field vector 103 points along axis y. This mode is typically denoted as TE101. FIG. 2 shows an eigen mode simulation result of the single mode cavity 100.
[0056] To minimize the size of the ceramic block, using high dielectric material filling is an effective way. With the RF ceramic material development, there is a wide range selection of high dielectric constant with very low loss tangent materials available to use for the cavity. It provides small size and high Qu.
[0057] To improve performance or further reduce size, fitting in more modes resonating in one block is a solution. FIG. 3 shows a typical dual mode cavity 100’ used in CWG filters. In addition to the mode TE101, there is a second mode typically denoted as TE011, which has an electric field vector 103 pointing along axis x. Mode TE101 and mode TE011 are the first two modes resonating in-band.
[0058] To get optimized Q / V factor (i.e., Qu factor divided by volume of cavity) , a third mode can be formed in a similar way. FIG. 4 shows a typical triple mode cavity 100” used in CWG filters. There are three degenerate modes, namely TE011, TE101, and TE110, resonating at the same frequency in the illustrated cavity. The electric field vectors 103 for the three modes are separately plotted in FIG. 4. They are mutually orthogonal to each other, as shown in FIG. 5. Orthogonal modes would simplify the coupling design, and each frequency can be controlled separately in a range.
[0059] Filter may comprise multiple poles and zeros, corresponding to resonating frequencies and couplings between them. Number of poles and zeros depend on needed filter response. By connecting multiple blocks, which contain resonating frequencies, a filter can be formalized.
[0060] According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, multiple blocks are connected with each other in a ceramic body. It eliminates post assembling tolerance and cost. As multi-mode block contains more than one mode and the electric field vectors of these modes point along different directions, the way of cascading blocks and frequencies are critical for RF performance.
[0061] FIG. 6 shows a filter 200 comprising three cascaded blocks 201, 202 and 203 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Each of the three blocks 201, 202 and 203 substantially takes the shape of a cuboid, and is made of a dielectric material with a metalized surface 204. The dielectric material is preferably ceramic, but it may be any materials with high dielectric constant and low loss, such as certain kinds of plastic.
[0062] Preferably, the three blocks 201, 202 and 203 are integrally formed as one body. There are several ways to form ceramic body, such as milling, dry pressing. Ceramic injection molding technology is a smart way to form a complex shape body. Compared with separate blocks assembled filter, there is no assembling tolerance and cost. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the respective blocks may be separately produced and then assembled together.
[0063] Adjacent blocks are coupled to each other. Depending on the RF needs, the coupling between the adjacent blocks can be magnetic coupling or electric coupling, and can be achieved by a connection between the adjacent blocks. In the illustrated embodiment, a first coupling structure 205 between a first block 201 and a second block 202 is formed at periphery, and a second coupling structure 206 between the second block 202 and a third block 203 is formed at center. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the position of the coupling structures is not limited to this.
[0064] In the illustrated embodiment, each of the first block 201 and the third block 203 is a single mode cavity, and the second block 202 is a triple mode cavity. However, for a filter application, the connection to build up a ceramic filter can be single mode to single mode, single mode to multi-mode, and multi-mode to multi-mode.
[0065] FIG. 7 shows the electric field vector of each mode in the filter 200. As illustrated in Figure 7, the single mode of the first block 201 has an electric field vector 207, the three modes of the second block 202 have respective electric field vectors 208, 209 and 210, and the single mode of the third block 203 has an electric field vector 211. The three electric field vectors 208, 209 and 210 in the second block 202 are mutually orthogonal to each other, like in the triple mode cavity 100” shown in FIG. 5. The single mode of the first block 201 is coupled to a first mode of the second block 202 that has the electric field vector 208, and the single mode of the third block 203 is coupled to a second mode of the second block 202 that has the electric field vector 210. The first mode and the second mode of the second block 202 are both coupled to a third mode of the second block 202 that has the electric field vector 209, and this coupling can be achieved by a corner modification in the second block 202. For example, the corner modification may be formed by milling, grinding etc. on the corresponding edge, and may take any suitable forms, such as a bevel edge, a radius edge, a stepped edge, and so on.
[0066] In another embodiment, the second block 202 may be a dual mode cavity that only has the first mode having the electric field vector 208 and the second mode having the electric field vector 210. For such a dual mode cavity, the first mode is directly coupled to the second mode by a corner modification in the second block 202, and there is no third mode having the electric field vector 209.
[0067] According to the present disclosure, the electric field vector 207 in the first block 201 is substantially parallel to the electric field vector 208 of the first mode in the second block 202, and the electric field vector 211 in the third block 203 is substantially parallel to the electric field vector 210 of the second mode in the second block 202. In other words, the electric field vectors of resonating modes or resonating frequencies of two adjacent blocks are non-intersection, and they may point along the same direction or opposite directions.
[0068] More blocks (cavities) can be connected in a similar way. The connection is not limited to single mode cavity to multi-mode cavity, but also applicable to single mode cavity to single mode cavity and multi-mode cavity to multi-mode cavity.
[0069] There are tolerance from ceramic property variation and tolerance of fabrication. Those tolerances have impact on filter response. How to adjust frequency and coupling is a critical issue for a good performance. Once a ceramic body is formed, it is vital to have the possibility of frequency and coupling bandwidth adjustment. Thanks to the way of block connection according to the present disclosure, there is easy accessibility of both frequency and coupling adjustability. FIG. 8 shows frequency accessibility and coupling accessibility of the filter 200.
[0070] As illustrated in FIG. 8, frequency adjustment of the single mode of the first block 201 can be achieved by a frequency tuning structure 212, frequency adjustment of the three modes of the second block 202 can be achieved by respective frequency tuning structures 213, 214 and 215, and frequency adjustment of the single mode of the third block 203 can be achieved by a frequency tuning structure 216. Each of the frequency tuning structures 212-216 can be formed on an exposed surface of the respective block, for example, by milling, grinding or similar methods. Preferably, the frequency tuning structures 212-216 are each placed on an electric energy concentrated area of the respective modes, such that they can easily impact the electric field. Each of the frequency tuning structures 212-216 may be formed as a blind hole on the corresponding exposed surface. There is no limitation on the shape of the blind hole or the frequency tuning structures.
[0071] As described previously, coupling between the first block 201 and the first mode of the second block 202 is achieved by the first coupling structure 205, coupling between the third block 203 and the second mode of the second block 202 is achieved by the second coupling structure 206, and each of the first coupling structure 205 and the second coupling structure 206 is formed by a connection of the adjacent blocks. By impacting the connection volume, the coupling bandwidth can be adjusted. The coupling between the first block 201 and the first mode of the second block 202 can be adjusted by a first coupling tuning structure 217, and the coupling between the third block 203 and the second mode of the second block 202 can be adjusted by a second coupling tuning structure 220. The first coupling tuning structure 217 is provided on an exposed surface of the two adjacent blocks 201, 202 that is orthogonal to the electric field vectors 207, 208. The second coupling tuning structure 220 is provided on an exposed surface of the two adjacent blocks 202, 203 that is orthogonal to the electric field vectors 210, 211. Each of the coupling tuning structures 217, 220 may be formed as a blind groove on the corresponding exposed surface. There is no limitation on the shape of the blind groove or the coupling tuning structures. Tuning area arrangement depends on coupling relationship and RF response, and there may be multi areas for a single coupling.
[0072] For the second block 202, coupling of the first mode to the third mode is achieved by a corner modification 218 and can be adjusted by changing the area of the corner modification 218. Similarly, coupling of the second mode to the third mode is achieved by another corner modification 219 and can be adjusted by changing the area of the corner modification 219. The position of the corner modifications 218, 219 depends on RF response.
[0073] With the frequency tuning structures 212 to 216, the coupling tuning structures 217, 220 and the corner modifications 218, 219 as described above, there is accessibility to all frequencies and all couplings.
[0074] Filter input and output impacts the connection with other function parts in radio system. For a simple integration, it needs efficient signal transmission and good shielding. FIG. 9 shows a port coupling structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The port coupling structure in FIG. 9 comprises a blind hole structure 104 that can provide electric port coupling for signal input and output. A pin on a PCB 105 can be fitted into the blind hole structure 104. Thus, the cavity 100 having the blind hole structure 104 can be easily assembled with the PCB 105, for example, by an SMT process.
[0075] FIG. 10 shows a port connection with a connector according to another embodiment of the present disclosure. A connector 106 may be attached to the blind hole structure 104 of the cavity 100 to get signal in and out. Instead of the connector 106, a pad or something else may be used. The port coupling structure or the blind hole structure 104 may be arranged on different position or different surface.
[0076] Cascaded topology is widely used in filter design. It is a mature technology and flexible for filter design. Zeros can be generated by cross coupling in such topology. In ‘Cross-Coupling in Coaxial Cavity Filters-ATutorial Overview’ by J. Brian Thomas, it is well discussed how to realize transmission zeros by cascaded triplet (CT) section, cascaded quadruplet (CQ) section and nested section. With cascaded topology, it is simple to have CT and CQ section. FIG. 11 shows a filter circuit model 304 which has ten poles with four zeros. As illustrated, the filter is composed of six blocks, including four single mode blocks 301 and two multi-mode blocks 302.
[0077] FIG. 12 shows a filter structure for realizing the filter circuit model shown in FIG. 11. Each of the ten blocks is connected in a ceramic body 300, and as described above, electric field vectors of resonating modes of adjacent blocks are non-intersection. Single mode blocks 301 are joint with multi-mode blocks 302 by coupling structures 305, and port coupling structures 303 provide signal input and output function. The filter can be directly attached to a PCB by a SMT process or attached another component by using a connector freely.
[0078] FIG. 13 shows a full 3D simulation result of the filter structure shown in FIG. 12. Clearly, there is no spurious on the lower side, while there is certain dB of suppression on the upper side. With the excellent property of RF ceramic and multi-mode cavity, it also gives a decent in-band response.
[0079] According to the present disclosure, a solution is proposed to cascade a plurality of blocks in a filter. In the proposed solution, a first block has at least a first mode with a first electric field vector, and a second block adjacent to the first block has at least a second mode with a second electric field vector. The first mode is coupled to the second mode, and the first electric field vector and the second electric field vector are substantially parallel to each other. By combining adjacent blocks in such a way, there is always a surface which is perpendicular to the electric field vectors and is exposed outside. Accordingly, the accessibility to all frequencies and couplings can be guaranteed, and frequency tuning and coupling tuning can be easily performed after the filter is manufactured. For example, frequency and coupling can be adjusted by removing small area of metalized conducting layer on the surface, or removing materials on the surface.
[0080] An important feature of the proposed solution is non-intersection of electric field vector of adjacent resonating frequencies. This is applicable to connection of a single mode cavity and a multi-mode cavity, connection of a single mode cavity and another single mode cavity, and connection of a multi-mode cavity and another multi-mode cavity. Preferably, at least one dual mode cavity or triple mode cavity is used, and for such a preferred solution, not only the size of the filter can be reduced while keeping excellent performance, but also the topology of the filter can be easily arranged as needed, so that a cross coupling or zero can be generated and controlled.
[0081] Due to the unique way of block connection as described above, an easy way of signal input and output is provided. For example, a blind hole structure that can provide electric port coupling may be formed at an exposed surface of a block. By cooperating with a pin, such a port coupling structure enables direct input from and output to other components. Further, input coupling and output coupling can be provided on the same plane, so that the filter is simply surface mountable with a PCB.
[0082] References in the present disclosure to “an embodiment” , “another embodiment” and so on, indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0083] It should be understood that, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed terms.
[0084] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. The terms “connect” , “connects” , “connecting” and / or “connected” used herein cover the direct and / or indirect connection between two elements.
[0085] The present disclosure includes any novel feature or combination of features disclosed herein either explicitly or any generalization thereof. Various modifications and adaptations to the foregoing exemplary embodiments of this disclosure may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. However, any and all modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-limiting and exemplary embodiments of this disclosure.
Claims
1.A filter comprising a plurality of cascaded blocks, each block substantially taking the shape of a cuboid and being made of a dielectric material with metalized surface, wherein a first block (201) has at least a first mode with a first electric field vector (207) , a second block (202) adjacent to the first block (201) has at least a second mode with a second electric field vector (208) , the first mode is coupled to the second mode, and the first electric field vector (207) and the second electric field vector (208) are substantially parallel to each other.2.The filter according to claim 1, wherein the second block (202) further has a third mode with a third electric field vector (210) , a third block (203) adjacent to the second block (202) has a fourth mode with a fourth electric field vector (211) , the third mode is coupled to the fourth mode, and the third electric field vector (210) and the fourth electric field vector (211) are substantially parallel to each other.3.The filter according to claim 2, wherein the second mode is coupled to the third mode in the second block (202) , and the second electric field vector (208) and the third electric field vector (210) are substantially orthogonal to each other.4.The filter according to claim 2, wherein the second block (202) further has a fifth mode with a fifth electric field vector (209) , the fifth mode is coupled to both the second mode and the third mode in the second block (202) , and the second electric field vector (208) , the third electric field vector (210) and the fifth electric field vector (209) are substantially orthogonal to each other.5.The filter according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the coupling between the respective modes inside the second block (202) is achieved by a corner modification (218; 219) in the second block (202) .6.The filter according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a magnetic coupling or an electric coupling is achieved between two adjacent blocks (201, 202; 202, 203) by a coupling structure (205; 206; 305) .7.The filter according to claim 6, wherein a coupling tuning structure (217; 220) is provided on an exposed surface of the two adjacent blocks (201, 202; 202, 203) that is orthogonal to the coupled electric field vectors.8.The filter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a frequency tuning structure (212-216) is provided on at least one exposed surface of each block (201; 202; 203) .9.The filter according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the coupling tuning structure (217; 220) and / or the frequency tuning structure (212-216) is / are formed as a blind hole or groove on the exposed surface.10.The filter according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a blind hole structure (104; 303) that can provide electric port coupling is formed at an exposed surface of the first block (201; 301) .11.The filter according to claim 10, wherein another blind hole structure (104; 303) that can provide electric port coupling is formed at an exposed surface of another block, and the exposed surface of the first block (201; 301) and the exposed surface of the another block are on the same plane.12.The filter according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the plurality of cascaded blocks are integrally formed as one body (200) .13.The filter according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the dielectric material is ceramic or plastic.14.A communication device, comprising at least one filter according to any one of claims 1 to 13.15.The communication device according to claim 14, wherein the filter is directly attached to a PCB or is connected to the PCB by an RF connector or a pad.