Organic compound, solar cell, photovoltaic module, photovoltaic system, electric device and power-generating device

Abstract

The present application relates to an organic compound, a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic system, an electric device and a power-generating device. The organic compound is as represented by formula (1), wherein each Q1 is independently selected from H or *–(L2)n2–A, each A is independently selected from H or an oxygen-containing acid group, at least one Q1 is selected from *–(L2)n2–A, and at least one A is selected from an oxygen-containing acid group; each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from any one of -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)- and L1 to L8; or, the organic compound is an oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound as represented by formula (1). When the organic compound is used in the preparation of the solar cell, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.

Description

Organic compounds, solar cells, photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic systems, electrical devices and power generation devices

[0001] Related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese patent application number 202410386359.0, filed on March 29, 2024, entitled “Organic compounds, solar cells, photovoltaic modules, photovoltaic systems, electrical devices and power generation devices,” the entire text of which is hereby incorporated by reference. Technical Field

[0003] The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular to an organic compound, a solar cell, a photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic system, an electrical device, and a power generation device. Background Art

[0004] Perovskite solar cells have many characteristics such as excellent photoelectric properties, high light absorption coefficient, long carrier lifetime and long diffusion length, and have become the leader among the third generation of new solar cells.

[0005] However, traditional perovskite solar cells still find it difficult to meet the requirements of large-scale market production and application. On the one hand, there are generally defects in the bulk phase and surface interface of perovskite materials. These defects not only lead to a decline in crystal quality and affect the transport of carriers, but also have an adverse effect on the efficiency and long-term stability of perovskite solar cells. On the other hand, traditional inorganic hole transport layer materials are unstable and have too many defects, which will also reduce the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of solar cells.

[0006] Therefore, traditional technologies still need to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Based on this, it is necessary to provide an organic compound, a solar cell and applications thereof, aiming to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

[0008] This application is achieved through the following technical solutions.

[0009] In a first aspect of the present application, an organic compound is provided, wherein the organic compound is represented by formula (1):

[0010] m 1～ m4 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 5, and m 1～ At least one of m4 is not 0, each Q1 is independently selected from H or *——(L2)n2-A, each A is independently selected from H or an oxoacid group, and at least one Q1 is selected from *——(L2)n2-A, and at least one A is selected from an oxoacid group;

[0011] Each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)- and any one of the following L1 to L8:

[0012] Y1 to Y6 are each independently selected from -C(R 10 R 11 )-、-NR 12 -、-O-、-Si(R 13 R 14 )-、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one;

[0013] Each Z1 to Z8 is independently selected from CR 19 or N;

[0014] R1~R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following;

[0015] R a ~R g Each of the following groups is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;

[0016] * indicates the connection site; n 1～ n2 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 10;

[0017] Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0018] When used to prepare solar cells, the above-mentioned organic compound can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell. Based on the basic structure of the passivation material or organic hole transport material: end group-linking group L2-head group (oxygen-containing acid radical A), the end group structure is adjusted, and two diphenylamine groups are connected through a specific linking group L1 to form a parent core structure of the end group. This makes the energy level of the molecular film formed after the organic compound self-assembles more compatible with the perovskite layer. At the same time, the parent core structure is introduced with an oxygen-containing acid radical A that can bind to metal ions such as trivalent nickel or anchor the hole transport layer. The oxygen-containing acid radical A can also interact with the A-site cation in the perovskite through hydrogen bonding. When the organic compound is doped into the perovskite layer, it can also play a role in passivating the perovskite material. When this organic compound is used to prepare solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.

[0019] In some embodiments, Y1 to Y6 are independently selected from -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12 -, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

[0020] In some embodiments, R a ~R g Each of the groups is independently selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen.

[0021] In some embodiments, R1 to R 19 Each is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen.

[0022] In some embodiments, each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

[0023] Among them, R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R gAny of the following;

[0024] * indicates the attachment site.

[0025] In some embodiments, each L1 is independently selected from -CH2-, -O-, -C(=O)-, and any one of the following groups:

[0026] In some embodiments, each *-(L2)n2-A is independently selected from any one of the following groups:

[0027] Among them, L 11 is selected from an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; L 12 ~L 14 Each is independently selected from a single bond or an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0028] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing acid group is selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a hypophosphorous acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group, or a silicic acid group.

[0029] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxygen-containing acid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from a metal ion or NH4 + At least one of .

[0030] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM9) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM9):

[0031] In a second aspect, the present application provides the use of the organic compound of the first aspect as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

[0032] According to a third aspect of the present application, a solar cell is provided, comprising the organic compound according to the first aspect.

[0033] In some embodiments, the solar cell satisfies one or more of conditions (1) to (3):

[0034] (1) The solar cell includes a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer includes the organic compound;

[0035] (2) The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer includes the organic compound;

[0036] (3) The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer provided on at least one side of the hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer, and the passivation layer includes the organic compound.

[0037] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the hole transport layer is K1, 0<K1≤100%.

[0038] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer provided on at least one side surface of the hole transport layer, the passivation layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the passivation layer is K2, 0<K2≤100%.

[0039] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the perovskite layer is K3, 0.01%≤K3≤0.5%.

[0040] A fourth aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic assembly comprising the solar cell of the third aspect.

[0041] A fifth aspect of the present application provides a photovoltaic system comprising the photovoltaic assembly of the fourth aspect.

[0042] In a sixth aspect of the present application, there is also provided an electrical device comprising at least one of the solar cell of the third aspect and the photovoltaic assembly of the fourth aspect.

[0043] In a seventh aspect, the present application further provides a power generation device comprising at least one of the solar cell of the third aspect and the photovoltaic module of the fourth aspect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the detailed description of the preferred embodiment below. The accompanying drawings are for illustration purposes only and are not to be considered as limiting the present application. The same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to represent the same components. In the drawings:

[0045] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell according to one embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals: 10 solar cell; 11 first electrode; 12 hole transport layer; 13 perovskite layer; 14 electron transport layer; 15 blocking layer; 16 second electrode. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The following embodiments of the technical solution of the present application will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application and are therefore only examples and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application.

[0048] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the technical terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be understood to indicate or imply relative importance or implicitly indicate the quantity, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0050] References herein to "embodiments" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it constitute an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is understood, both explicitly and implicitly, by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0051] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the term "multiple" refers to more than two (including two). Similarly, "multiple groups" refers to two or more groups (including two groups), and "multiple pieces" refers to more than two pieces (including two pieces).

[0052] In this application, unless otherwise specified, "room temperature" generally refers to 4°C to 30°C, preferably 20±5°C.

[0053] In this application, the term "alkane group" refers to a group formed when an alkane loses one hydrogen, such as methane losing one hydrogen to form a methyl group; "alkane dialkylene or alkylene group" refers to a group formed when an alkane loses two hydrogens, such as methane losing two hydrogens to form a methylene group.

[0054] The term "chain alkane group" refers to a group formed by losing one hydrogen atom in an alkane in which the carbon atoms are connected by single carbon-carbon bonds and do not form a ring, and the remaining valence bonds are bonded to hydrogen, including straight-chain alkane groups and branched-chain alkane groups.

[0055] In the present application, the number of carbon atoms of "alkane group" can be 1 to 10, including 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10, and refers to a straight-chain alkane group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms and a branched-chain alkane group with 3 to 10 carbon atoms; non-limiting examples include methane, ethane, n-propane, isopropane, n-butane, isobutane, 2-ethylbutane, 3,3-dimethylbutane, n-pentane, isopentane, neopentane, 1-methylpentane, 3-methylpentane, 2-ethylpentane, 4-methyl-2-pentane, n-hexane, 1-methylhexane, 2-ethylhexane, 2-butylhexane, n-heptane, 1-methylheptane, 2,2-dimethylheptane, 2-ethylheptane, n-octane, n-nonane, n-decane, etc., which are formed after losing one hydrogen atom.

[0056] In this application, the term "ring atoms" refers to the number of atoms bonded to form a ring. When a ring is substituted with a substituent, the atoms contained in the substituent are not included in the ring atoms. The term "ring atoms" used below applies unless otherwise specified. For example, a benzene ring has 6 ring atoms, a naphthalene ring has 10 ring atoms, and a thiophene ring has 5 ring atoms.

[0057] "Aromatic group" refers to a hydrocarbon group with aromatic properties, including single-ring aromatic groups and fused-ring aromatic groups. A fused-ring aromatic group is a group formed by linking two or more single aromatic rings through two shared adjacent ring atoms, i.e., a fused ring. Furthermore, the π electrons of an aromatic group must satisfy the Huckel rule of 4n+2.

[0058] "Heteroaromatic" refers to a group in which at least one ring atom is a heteroatom and has aromatic properties. Heteroatoms include, but are not limited to, N, P, O, and S.

[0059] Non-limiting examples of “aromatic groups” in the present application include benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, fluoranthene, phenanthrene, triphenylene, perylene, tetracene or fluorene, etc.; non-limiting examples of “heteroaromatic groups” include pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, imidazole, furan, thiophene, benzofuran, benzothiophene, indole, carbazole, pyrroloimidazole, pyrrolopyrrole, thienopyrrole, thienothiophene, furopyrrole, furofuran, thienothiophene, benzisoxazole, benzisothiazole, benzimidazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, o-naphthylidene, quinoxaline, phenanthridine, primary idine, quinazoline, quinazolinone, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, carbazole, etc.

[0060] In the present application, when a linking site is not specified in a group, it means that any linking site in the group can be used as the linking site.

[0061] In the present application, the single bond to which the substituent is connected runs through the corresponding ring, indicating that the substituent can be connected to the optionally substituted position of the ring, for example In the example, the connection site of the group with other groups can be any substitutable site on the group; further, when the same substituent R appears multiple times on the same group, it can be independently selected from different groups, for example There are 6 substitutable sites on the naphthalene ring, that is, j can be 6, and each R can be the same or different. When R is H, it means that there is no substituent, and in this case it is naphthalene.

[0062] In this application, "substituted or unsubstituted" means that the defined group may be substituted or unsubstituted. When the defined group is substituted, it is understood that it is optionally substituted with a group acceptable in the art, including but not limited to: C1-C30 alkyl, heterocyclic group containing 3-20 ring atoms, aryl containing 5-20 ring atoms, heteroaryl containing 5-20 ring atoms, and halogen.

[0063] In this application, when two groups are linked by a linking group, for example In, when L 12 When a single bond is selected, it means that the two groups do not need to be connected through a specific group, but are directly connected by a single bond, that is,

[0064] In one embodiment of the present application, an organic compound is provided. The organic compound is shown in formula (1):

[0065] m 1～ m4 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 5, and m 1～ At least one of m4 is not 0, each Q1 is independently selected from H or *——(L2)n2-A, each A is independently selected from H or an oxyacid group, and at least one Q1 is selected from *——(L2)n2-A, and at least one A is selected from an oxyacid group.

[0066] Each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)- and any one of the following L1 to L8:

[0067] Y1 to Y6 are each independently selected from -C(R 10 R 11 )-、-NR 12 -、-O-、-Si(R 13 R 14 )-、-PR15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

[0068] Each Z1 to Z8 is independently selected from CR 19 or N.

[0069] R1~R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any one of .

[0070] R a ~R g Each of them is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0071] * indicates the connection site; n 1～ n2 is independently selected from any integer from 1 to 10.

[0072] Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxoacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

[0073] When used to prepare solar cells, the above-mentioned organic compound can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the solar cell. Based on the basic structure of the passivation material or organic hole transport material: end group-linking group L2-head group (oxygen-containing acid radical A), the end group structure is adjusted, and two diphenylamine groups are connected through a specific linking group L1 to form a parent core structure of the end group. This makes the energy level of the molecular film formed after the organic compound self-assembles more compatible with the perovskite layer. At the same time, the parent core structure is introduced with an oxygen-containing acid radical A that can bind to metal ions such as trivalent nickel or anchor the hole transport layer. The oxygen-containing acid radical A can also interact with the A-site cation in the perovskite through hydrogen bonding. When the organic compound is doped into the perovskite layer, it can also play a role in passivating the perovskite material. When this organic compound is used to prepare solar cells, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved.

[0074] It can be understood that: L1 in the structural part or L2 in *-(L2)n2-A can be a single or multiple repeated connections, that is, when n1 or n2 takes a value greater than or equal to 2, L1 or L2 is a multiple repeated connection. At this time, each time L1 or L2 appears, the selected structure can be the same or different, and the combination is connected by forming a single bond.

[0075] “Y5 + " is a group formed when Y5 loses an electron.

[0076] “Z7-” is a group formed when Z7 gains an electron.

[0077] In some embodiments, Y1 to Y5 are independently selected from -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12 -, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

[0078] In some embodiments, R1 to R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-N(R d )2、R g Any one of .

[0079] In some embodiments, R1 to R 19 Each of them is independently selected from any one of hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms.

[0080] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0081] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyrrolyl.

[0082] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0083] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyrrolyl.

[0084] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0085] In some embodiments, R3 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyrrolyl.

[0086] In some embodiments, R4 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0087] In some embodiments, R4 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyrrolyl.

[0088] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0089] In some embodiments, R5 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyrrolyl.

[0090] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0091] In some embodiments, R6 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl, or pyrrolyl.

[0092] In some embodiments, R7 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0093] In some embodiments, R7 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyrrolyl.

[0094] In some embodiments, R8 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0095] In some embodiments, R8 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyrrolyl.

[0096] In some embodiments, R9 is selected from any one of H, F, Cl, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a chain alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0097] In some embodiments, R9 is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, phenyl, furyl, thienyl or pyrrolyl.

[0098] In some embodiments, R 10 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0099] In some embodiments, R 10 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0100] In some embodiments, R 11 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0101] In some embodiments, R 11It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0102] In some embodiments, R 12 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0103] In some embodiments, R 12 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0104] In some embodiments, R 13 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0105] In some embodiments, R 13 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0106] In some embodiments, R 14 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0107] In some embodiments, R 14 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0108] In some embodiments, R 15 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0109] In some embodiments, R 15 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0110] In some embodiments, R 16 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0111] In some embodiments, R 16 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0112] In some embodiments, R 17 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0113] In some embodiments, R 17 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0114] In some embodiments, R 18 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0115] In some embodiments, R 18 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0116] In some embodiments, R 19 Any one selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen, an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, and a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms.

[0117] In some embodiments, R 19 It is selected from H, F, Cl, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms substituted by halogen, a phenyl group, a furyl group, a thienyl group or a pyrrolyl group.

[0118] In some embodiments, R a ~R gEach of the groups is independently selected from any one of an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, and an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0119] In some embodiments, R a Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0120] In some embodiments, R a Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0121] In some embodiments, R a Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0122] In some embodiments, R b Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0123] In some embodiments, R b Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0124] In some embodiments, R b Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0125] In some embodiments, R c Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0126] In some embodiments, R c Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0127] In some embodiments, R c Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0128] In some embodiments, R dAny one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0129] In some embodiments, R d Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0130] In some embodiments, R d Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0131] In some embodiments, R e Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0132] In some embodiments, R e Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0133] In some embodiments, R e Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0134] In some embodiments, R f Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0135] In some embodiments, R f Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0136] In some embodiments, R f Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0137] In some embodiments, R g Any one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 8 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 8 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0138] In some embodiments, R gAny one selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 7 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 7 ring atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0139] In some embodiments, R g Any one selected from phenyl, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl or chain alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0140] In some embodiments, n 1～ n2 is each independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.

[0141] In some embodiments, m 1～ m4 is each independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0142] In some embodiments, each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

[0143] * indicates the attachment site.

[0144] In some embodiments, each L1 is independently selected from -CH2-, -O-, -C(=O)-, and any one of the following groups:

[0145] In some embodiments, each L1 is independently selected from -CH2-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)-, and any one of the following groups:

[0146] In some embodiments, each *-(L2)n2-A is independently selected from any one of the following groups:

[0147] Among them, L 11 is selected from an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; L 12 ~L 14 Each is independently selected from a single bond or an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0148] In some embodiments, each *-(L2)n2-A is independently selected from any one of the following groups:

[0149] In some embodiments, L 11 is selected from an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; L 12 ~L 14 Each is independently selected from a single bond or a chain alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

[0150] In some embodiments, L 11 is selected from an alkane subunit having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; L 12 ~L 14 Each is independently selected from a single bond or a chain alkane subunit having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.

[0151] In some embodiments, the oxygen-containing acid group is selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a hypophosphorous acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group, or a silicic acid group.

[0152] Optionally, each occurrence of A is independently selected from H or any one of the following structures:

[0153] * indicates the attachment site.

[0154] In some embodiments, the oxyacid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxyacid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from a metal ion or NH4 + At least one of .

[0155] In some embodiments, the metal ions include at least one of alkali metal ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, iron ions, copper ions, zinc ions, and aluminum ions.

[0156] In some embodiments, the organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM9) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by Formula (SAM1) to Formula (SAM9):

[0157] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned organic compounds can be prepared by referring to commonly used organic synthesis methods in the art. Here, the preparation method thereof is illustrated by taking the compound of formula (SAM1) as an example, which includes the following steps:

[0158] Compound 1 and diboronic acid pinacol ester were subjected to Miyaura borylation reaction, and then subjected to a first substitution reaction with compound 2 to prepare compound 3. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0159] In some embodiments, the Miyaura borylation reaction is carried out in the presence of 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphinoferrocenepalladium)dichloride (Pd(dppf)Cl2) and a base.

[0160] In some embodiments, the base includes at least one of potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and potassium acetate.

[0161] In some embodiments, the first substitution reaction is carried out in the presence of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium.

[0162] In some embodiments, the first substitution reaction is carried out at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius (° C.) to 145° C., and for a time of 15 hours to 50 hours.

[0163] In some embodiments, the first substitution reaction is carried out in toluene.

[0164] Compound 3 was hydrolyzed to prepare a compound of formula (SAM1). The synthesis route is as follows:

[0165] In some embodiments, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out under the action of a base.

[0166] In some embodiments, the base comprises at least one of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; further, the base is added in the form of an aqueous solution.

[0167] In some embodiments, the hydrolysis reaction is carried out in tetrahydrofuran.

[0168] One embodiment of the present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned organic compound as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

[0169] One embodiment of the present invention provides a solar cell comprising the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0170] The above organic compounds can be used as passivation materials and hole transport materials, and can improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of solar cells.

[0171] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer disposed on at least one surface of the hole transport layer.

[0172] In some of these embodiments, at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer, and the passivation layer comprises an organic compound.

[0173] It can be understood that the hole transport layer has two surfaces arranged opposite to each other, one closer to the perovskite layer and the other farther away from the perovskite layer, and the passivation layer can be arranged on at least one surface, that is, including any of the following solutions:

[0174] The solar cell comprises a perovskite layer, a hole transport layer and a passivation layer arranged in a stacked manner; or

[0175] The solar cell comprises a perovskite layer, a passivation layer and a hole transport layer arranged in a stacked manner; or

[0176] The solar cell includes a perovskite layer, a passivation layer, a hole transport layer and a passivation layer that are stacked.

[0177] The above-mentioned organic compounds can be doped in the perovskite layer to play a passivation role, and can play both a hole transport role and a passivation role in the hole transport layer or in the passivation layer.

[0178] In some embodiments, the solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer includes an organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the hole transport layer is K1, 0<K1≤100%.

[0179] Alternatively, K1 may be 1 wt% to 100 wt%, for example, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 30 wt%, 40 wt%, 50 wt%, 60 wt%, 70 wt%, 80 wt%, 90 wt% or 100 wt%.

[0180] The mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the hole transport layer refers to the mass percentage of the organic compound contained in the hole transport layer, that is, the percentage of the mass of the organic compound contained in the hole transport layer to the total mass of the hole transport layer.

[0181] It is understood that the hole transport layer may be composed of a single organic compound as described above, or it may be composed of multiple components, including the aforementioned organic compounds and other hole transport materials commonly used in the art. In this case, the aforementioned organic compounds and other hole transport materials commonly used in the art may be mixed and doped in the hole transport layer, or may be formed into separate films and stacked. In this case, the film formed with the aforementioned organic compounds effectively also serves as a passivation layer. However, it should be noted that regardless of the combination used, the aforementioned organic compounds are not limited to simultaneously performing both hole transport and passivation functions.

[0182] Various types of hole transport materials commonly used in this field include at least one of organic hole transport materials and inorganic hole transport materials, specifically but not limited to at least one of the following materials and their derivatives: nickel oxide, zinc oxide, molybdenum oxide, 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N-p-methoxyanilino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD), poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA), [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazol-9-yl)butyl]phosphoric acid (Me-4PACz).

[0183] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer includes a first hole transport layer and a second hole transport layer having different compositions and stacked together, and the second hole transport layer includes the organic compound.

[0184] It is understood that the components of the first hole transport layer can be hole transport materials commonly used in the art, as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0185] In some embodiments, the composition of the first hole transport layer includes an inorganic hole transport material.

[0186] In some embodiments, the second hole transport layer is closer to the perovskite layer than the first hole transport layer.

[0187] In some embodiments, the thickness ratio of the first hole transport layer to the second hole transport layer is (0.1-10):(0.1-10); specifically, it can be 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 0.1:1 or a range consisting of any two values.

[0188] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer includes a mixed-doped first transport material and a second transport material, the first transport material and the second transport material are different, and the second transport material includes the organic compound.

[0189] The first transport material may be other hole transport materials in the art, as described above and will not be described in detail.

[0190] In some embodiments, the first transport material is an organic hole transport material.

[0191] In some embodiments, the first transmission material and the second transmission material can be mixed and doped in any proportion. Furthermore, the mass ratio of the first transmission material to the second transmission material is (0.1-10):(0.1-10); specifically, it can be 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, 5:1, 6:1, 7:1, 8:1, 9:1, 10:1, 0.1:1 or a range consisting of any two values.

[0192] In the above embodiment, the hole transport layer comprises a mixed doped first transport material and a second transport material. The hole transport layer can be sampled, dissolved in a solvent, and then subjected to H-NMR spectroscopy to obtain an H-NMR spectrum. Different substances have different specific functional groups, which correspond to different characteristic peaks in the H-NMR spectrum. The integrated area of ​​the functional group characteristic peak can be used to determine the content of the substance corresponding to the characteristic peak, thereby determining the mass ratio of each component.

[0193] It should be noted that the above is only an example of the separation test of the first transmission material and the second transmission material. Other physical and chemical methods in the field can also be used. For example, the sample can be tested using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer to confirm the types of different components in the sample and their mass ratios. This will not be repeated here.

[0194] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 1, a solar cell 10 includes a first electrode 11, a hole transport layer 12, a perovskite layer 13, an electron transport layer 14 and a second electrode 16 that are stacked, and at least one layer of the hole transport layer 12 and the perovskite layer 13 includes the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0195] In some embodiments, the solar cell further includes a passivation layer disposed between the hole transport layer 12 and the perovskite layer 13 , wherein the components of the passivation layer include the organic compound of the first aspect, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the passivation layer is K2, 0<K2≤100%.

[0196] In some embodiments, when K2 is not 100%, the passivation layer may further include other passivation materials commonly used in the art. When K2 is 100%, it means that the material of the passivation layer is the above-mentioned organic compound.

[0197] The method for testing the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the passivation layer can refer to the testing method for the mass proportion K2 of the organic compound in the hole transport layer, and will not be repeated here.

[0198] In one embodiment, the thickness of the passivation layer is 1 nm to 50 nm.

[0199] Optionally, the thickness of the passivation layer may be 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0200] The above-mentioned organic compounds in the present application can play both hole transport and passivation roles. On the basis that the hole transport layer contains the above-mentioned organic compounds, even if no additional passivation material layer is provided, the hole transport layer 12 is in direct contact with the perovskite layer 13, and excellent light conversion efficiency can be achieved.

[0201] In one embodiment, the thickness of the hole transport layer is 1 nm to 50 nm.

[0202] Alternatively, the thickness of the hole transport layer may be 1 nm, 5 nm, 10 nm, 15 nm, 20 nm, 25 nm, 30 nm, 35 nm, 40 nm, 45 nm, 50 nm, or a range consisting of any two values.

[0203] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, and the mass ratio of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer is K3, 0.01%≤K3≤0.5%.

[0204] Optionally, 0.01%<K3≤0.5%; further, K3 can be selected as 0.1wt%~0.5wt%, for example, 0.1wt%, 0.2wt%, 0.3wt%, 0.4wt%, 0.5wt% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0205] In some embodiments, when the hole transport layer 12 includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer 13 may be 0-0.5%; further, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer may be 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% or a range consisting of any two values.

[0206] In the above scheme, the mass proportion of the above-mentioned organic compound in the perovskite layer can be determined by sampling the perovskite layer, dissolving it in a solvent, and then performing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to obtain an NMR spectrum. Different substances have different specific functional groups, which correspond to different characteristic peaks in the NMR spectrum. The integrated area of ​​the functional group characteristic peak can be used to determine the content of the substance corresponding to the characteristic peak, thereby determining the mass ratio of each component in the perovskite layer.

[0207] It should be noted that the above is only an example of the test of the ratio relationship of each component in the perovskite layer. Other physical and chemical methods in the field can also be used. For example, the sample can be tested using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer to confirm the types of different components in the sample and their mass ratios. I will not go into details here.

[0208] In some embodiments, the organic compound is doped by adding it to a perovskite precursor solution, wherein the concentration of the organic compound in the perovskite precursor solution is 0.1 mg / mL to 5 mg / mL.

[0209] It should be noted that, when the perovskite layer includes the above-mentioned organic compound, the hole transport material may contain the above-mentioned organic compound or may use other commonly used hole transport materials in the art, or a mixture of the two.

[0210] Other commonly used hole transport materials in this field are the same as those described above and will not be described in detail here.

[0211] The perovskite layer includes perovskite materials commonly used in the art.

[0212] In some embodiments, the chemical formula of the perovskite material satisfies ABX3 or A2CDX6; wherein A is an inorganic cation or an organic ammonium cation or a mixture of the two, which can be formamidinium ion (FA), methylammonium ion (MA) and Cs + At least one of; B is an inorganic metal cation, which may be Pb 2+ ions, Sn 2+ At least one of the ions; C is a noble metal cation, commonly Ag+; D is a heavy metal or rare metal cation, which can be a bismuth cation Bi 3+ 、Antimony cation Sb 3+ , and indium cations In 3+ At least one of; X is a halogen element or a halogen-like element, which can be Cl - Br - and I - 、SCN - 、CNO - 、OCN - 、OSCN - SH - OH - 、CP - 、CN - 、SeCN - 、N3 - 、NO2 - At least one of .

[0213] In some embodiments, the perovskite layer has a band gap of 1.20 electron volts (eV) to 2.30 eV and a thickness of 200 nm to 1000 nm.

[0214] In some embodiments, the components in the electron transport layer 14 can be electron transport materials commonly used in the art, non-limiting examples of which include: [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM), [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM), fullerene C60 (C60), fullerene C70 (C70), tin dioxide (SnO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc.

[0215] In some embodiments, the solar cell may further include a blocking layer 15 disposed between the electron transport layer 14 and the second electrode 16 .

[0216] In some embodiments, the component of the blocking layer 15 can be a hole blocking material commonly used in the art, non-limiting examples of which include: at least one of BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), 1,3,5-tris(1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)benzene and 4,4'-bis(2,2-diphenylethylene)-1,1'-biphenyl.

[0217] In some embodiments, the solar cell 10 may be a normal solar cell (nip planar structure) or an inverted solar cell (pin planar structure).

[0218] It should be noted that when the first electrode 11 is a transparent electrode, that is, the first electrode 11 side serves as the light incident side, the solar cell 10 is a transverse solar cell. Conversely, when the second electrode 16 is a transparent electrode, that is, the second electrode side serves as the light incident side, the solar cell 10 is a normal solar cell. In some embodiments, the first electrode 11 is a transparent conductive electrode, and the material of the first electrode 11 can be any one of fluorine-doped tin dioxide (FTO), tin-doped indium oxide (ITO), boron-doped zinc oxide (BZO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), and IZO.

[0219] In some embodiments, the material of the second electrode 16 may be an electrode material commonly used in the art, including but not limited to the following materials: Ag, Cu, C, Au, Al, ITO, AZO, BZO, IZO, etc.

[0220] The preparation process of the above-mentioned first electrode, hole transport layer, perovskite layer, electron transport layer, blocking layer and second electrode can adopt the preparation methods commonly used in the art, including solution method and solid deposition method. The solution method includes any one of spin coating, spray coating, blade coating and slit coating, and the solid deposition method includes any one of vacuum evaporation, sputtering deposition, plasma deposition and atomic layer deposition.

[0221] One embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic module, which includes the above-mentioned solar cell.

[0222] The solar cell has high light conversion efficiency and good stability, and can improve the efficiency of photovoltaic modules.

[0223] The above photovoltaic assembly includes one or more solar cells, which can be selected according to the specific application scenario; further, the above photovoltaic assembly includes multiple solar cells, and the multiple solar cells are connected in series or in parallel to form a battery cell.

[0224] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module further includes a photovoltaic glass layer, an adhesive layer, and a back sheet.

[0225] Adhesive layers are provided on both surfaces of the cell, a back plate is provided on the surface of one of the adhesive layers away from the cell, and a photovoltaic glass layer is provided on the surface of the other adhesive layer away from the cell.

[0226] The photovoltaic glass layer and back panel are used to protect the solar cells, seal, insulate and waterproof; the bonding layer serves to bond the photovoltaic glass layer to the cell, and to bond the back panel to the cell.

[0227] Optionally, the photovoltaic glass layer is made of tempered glass, the back panel is made of TPT (polyvinyl fluoride) or TPE (thermoplastic elastomer), and the adhesive layer is made of EVA (polyethylene-polyvinyl acetate copolymer).

[0228] Furthermore, the photovoltaic module further includes a junction box and an outer frame.

[0229] The junction box is used to protect the power generation system of the entire photovoltaic module. It is equivalent to a current transfer station. When a battery cell short-circuits, the junction box will automatically disconnect the short-circuited battery string.

[0230] The outer frame can support and protect the entire photovoltaic module. The frame can be made of aluminum alloy with excellent strength and corrosion resistance.

[0231] Furthermore, silicone is used to bond and seal the connection between the frame and other parts of the photovoltaic module. Photovoltaic modules can convert solar energy into electrical energy, which can be stored in batteries or used to drive loads.

[0232] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic component is a solar panel.

[0233] One embodiment of the present application further provides a photovoltaic system, comprising the above-mentioned photovoltaic module.

[0234] The photovoltaic system utilizes the photovoltaic effect of the solar cells in the above photovoltaic modules to directly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy with high efficiency; further, the above photovoltaic system is a photovoltaic power generation system.

[0235] Photovoltaic modules are the core part of photovoltaic power generation systems. The above photovoltaic system includes one or more photovoltaic modules, which can be selected according to the specific application scenario; further, when the above photovoltaic system includes multiple photovoltaic modules, the multiple photovoltaic modules form a photovoltaic array.

[0236] The above photovoltaic system can be an independent photovoltaic power generation system or a grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system.

[0237] An independent photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array, a battery pack, a charge controller, a power electronic converter (inverter), and a load. Its operating principle is that solar radiation energy is first converted into electrical energy by the photovoltaic array, then converted by the power electronic converter to power the load. Meanwhile, excess electrical energy is stored as chemical energy in an energy storage device after passing through the charge controller. In this way, when sunlight is insufficient, the energy stored in the battery can be converted into 220V, 50Hz AC electricity after passing through the power electronic inverter, filtering, and power frequency transformer to supply the AC load.

[0238] A grid-connected photovoltaic power generation system consists of a photovoltaic array, a high-frequency DC / DC boost circuit, a power electronic converter (inverter), and system monitoring. Its operating principle is that solar radiation energy is converted by the photovoltaic array, then converted to high-voltage DC through high-frequency DC conversion. This is then inverted by a power electronic inverter and output to the grid as a sinusoidal AC current with a frequency consistent with the grid voltage.

[0239] The above two photovoltaic power generation systems have their own characteristics and can be selected according to specific application scenarios.

[0240] One embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical device comprising at least one of the above-mentioned solar cell and photovoltaic module.

[0241] The above-mentioned electrical devices may be, but are not limited to, mobile devices, electric vehicles, electric trains, ships, satellites, energy storage systems, etc.

[0242] In some embodiments, the mobile device may be a mobile phone or a laptop computer, etc.

[0243] In some embodiments, electric vehicles include, but are not limited to, pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, electric bicycles, electric scooters, electric golf carts, electric trucks, and the like.

[0244] Another embodiment of the present application further provides a power generation device, comprising at least one of the above-mentioned solar cell and the above-mentioned photovoltaic module.

[0245] The above-mentioned power generation device includes but is not limited to: a solar power generation set, etc.

[0246] The present application will be described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but the present application is not limited to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the attached claims summarize the scope of the present application. Under the guidance of the concept of the present application, those skilled in the art should realize that certain changes made to the various embodiments of the present application will be covered by the spirit and scope of the claims of the present application.

[0247] The following are specific examples.

[0248] Example 1

[0249] Step 1: Preparation of organic compound SAM1, the specific steps are as follows:

[0250] (1) Compound 1 (CAS: 525602-17-9, 1 mmol), 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium dichloride (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 0.2 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 8 mmol), diboronic acid pinacol ester (4.8 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (30 mL) were mixed and heated at 85°C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection. A clear filtrate was obtained by passing through diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow solid. The light yellow solid was then mixed with compound 2 (2.4 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh3)4, 0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (K2CO3, 2 mol / L, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C for 48 hours under nitrogen protection. Compound 3 was obtained after separation by silica gel chromatography. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0251] Compound 3 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0252] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.37-7.24(m,12H),7.14(s,4 H),7.08-7.00(m,6H),4.04-3.99(m,4H),2.86-2.81(m,4H),2.58-2.53(m,4H),1.09-1.05(m,6H).

[0253] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 3 was further calculated using the following formula to be 89%.

[0254] Yield = moles of compound 3 / moles of compound 1 × 100%

[0255] (2) Compound 3 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), and heated at 75°C for 20 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the solution pH was <1, and the precipitate was collected to obtain SAM1. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0256] The product SAM1 was subjected to nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum testing, and the test results are as follows:

[0257] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.09(s,2H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.3 7-7.24(m,12H),7.14(s,4H),7.08-7.00(m,6H),2.86-2.81(m,4H),2.58-2.53(m,4H).

[0258] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM1.

[0259] The yield of the product SAM1 was further calculated using the following formula to be 73%.

[0260] Yield = moles of product SAM1 / moles of compound 3 × 100%

[0261] Step 2: Preparation of solar cells. The structure of the solar cell 10 is shown in FIG1 . The specific steps are as follows:

[0262] 1. Cleaning of FTO conductive glass: 0.35 cm was removed from both ends of a 2.0 cm × 2.0 cm FTO conductive glass by laser etching to expose the glass substrate. The glass substrate was then ultrasonically cleaned in deionized water, acetone, and isopropyl alcohol for 10 minutes in sequence. The cleaned FTO conductive glass was blown dry with a nitrogen gun and placed in a UV ozone machine for UV ozone cleaning to serve as the first electrode 11.

[0263] 2. Preparation of hole transport layer: The organic compound SAM1 was dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecular solution (1 mg / mL). The self-assembled molecular solution was then spin-coated on the surface of the first electrode 11 at a speed of 3000 rpm and annealed to obtain a hole transport layer 12 with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0264] 3. Preparation of perovskite layer: Weigh lead iodide (726 mg), iodomethane (240 mg), cesium iodide (19 mg), and lead bromide (11 mg) and dissolve them in 1 mL of a DMF:DMSO mixed solvent with a volume ratio of 4:1. Stir for 3 h and filter with a 0.22 μm organic filter membrane to obtain a perovskite precursor solution. Spin-coat the perovskite precursor solution on the surface of the passivation layer at a speed of 3000 rpm, anneal at 100°C for 30 min, and cool to room temperature to form a perovskite layer 13 with an active substance of the CsFA system and a thickness of 800 nm.

[0265] 4. Preparation of electron transport layer: Spin-coat the electron transport material PC on the surface of the perovskite layer 13 away from the hole transport layer 12 at a speed of 1500 rpm 61 BM, forming an electron transport layer 14 with a thickness of 35 nm.

[0266] 5. Preparation of the blocking layer: The passivation material BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was spin-coated on the surface of the electron transport layer 14 away from the perovskite layer 13 at 5000 rpm and annealed at 100° C. for 10 min to form a blocking layer 15 with a thickness of 15 nm.

[0267] 6. Preparation of the second electrode: Place the device obtained in step 5 into a mask, and evaporate 80 nm of copper on the surface of the hole blocking layer in a vacuum evaporation device to form a second electrode, thereby obtaining a complete perovskite solar cell 10.

[0268] 7. Performance testing:

[0269] (1) The perovskite solar cell was naturally aged for 10 days in a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. During this process, its photoelectric conversion efficiency was tested every 12 hours according to the following steps. The highest efficiency measured was recorded as the optimal efficiency. Please see Table 1 for details.

[0270] (2) The photoelectric conversion efficiency P30 of the perovskite solar cell after standing in N2 atmosphere and room temperature for 30 days is shown in Table 1.

[0271] The photoelectric conversion efficiency was determined using the IV measurement method, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0272] a) Place the test fixture containing the sample cell on the sample holder so that it is located in the measurement plane and ensure that the sample cell is located at the center of the solar simulator's output light spot (or the normal line of the photovoltaic cell is parallel to the center line of the solar simulator's light beam);

[0273] b) Use Guangyan's solar simulator, which complies with the national standard IEC61215 for testing. Use crystalline silicon solar cells to calibrate the light intensity. Add a mask to the sample cell under test, and use temperature monitoring equipment to control the temperature of the sample cell. During the measurement process, the temperature of the sample under test is maintained at (30±5℃), reaching a solar intensity of AM1.5.

[0274] c) Connect the sample battery to the digital source meter. Measure the forward and reverse sweep current-voltage characteristics of the sample battery under test, and record the maximum power point current Vm, maximum power point voltage, and open circuit voltage V oc and short-circuit current J sc .

[0275] Calculation formula: Fill factor FF = J m ×V m / V oc ×J sc , electrical conversion efficiency PCE=V oc ×J sc ×FF / Pin .P in is the incident light intensity.

[0276] Example 2

[0277] Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound SAM2. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0278] Step (1): Referring to the preparation step (1) of the organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 4 (CAS: No. 344782-48-5), and compound 5 was obtained after reaction. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0279] Compound 5 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0280] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.63(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.56(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.37-7.24(m,16H),7. 08-7.00(m,6H),4.04-3.99(m,4H),2.86-2.81(m,4H),2.58-2.53(m,4H),1.09-1.05(m,6H).

[0281] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 5 was further calculated using the following formula to be 82%.

[0282] Yield = moles of compound 5 / moles of compound 4 × 100%

[0283] Step (2): Compound 5 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the solution pH was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM2. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0284] The compound SAM2 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0285] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.09(s,2H),7.64(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.57(d,J=7.2Hz,8 H),7.37-7.24(m,16H),7.08-7.00(m,6H),2.86-2.81(m,4H),2.58-2.53(m,4H).

[0286] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM2. The yield of the product SAM2 was further calculated using the following formula to be 78%.

[0287] Yield = moles of product SAM2 / moles of compound 5 × 100%

[0288] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0289] Example 3

[0290] Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM3. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0291] Step (1): Referring to the preparation step (1) of the organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, Compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 6, and the reaction yielded Compound 7. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0292] Compound 7 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0293] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.37-7.24 (m,12H),7.14(s,4H),7.08-7.00(m,6H),3.65-3.61(m,4H),3.08-3.03(m,4H).

[0294] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 7 was further calculated using the following formula to be 63%.

[0295] Yield = moles of compound 7 / moles of compound 1 × 100%

[0296] Step (2): Compound 7 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and the mixture was heated at 160°C for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was then added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM3. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0297] The SAM3 was tested by nuclear magnetic proton spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0298] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.37-7.24(m,12 H),7.14(s,4H),7.08-7.00(m,6H),4.88(s,4H),2.84-2.78(m,4H),2.04-1.99(m,4H).

[0299] From the above results, it can be seen that the target product was successfully obtained in the above preparation steps. The yield of SAM3 was further calculated using the following formula to be 51%.

[0300] Yield = moles of SAM3 / moles of compound 7 × 100%

[0301] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0302] Example 4

[0303] Example 4 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM4. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0304] Step (1): Referring to the preparation step (1) of the organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, Compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 4, and Compound 2 was replaced with Compound 6. After the reaction, Compound 8 was obtained. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0305] Compound 8 was subjected to H NMR spectrum test, and the results were as follows:

[0306] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.62 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 4H), 7.55 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 8H), 7.37-7.24 (m, 16H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 6H), 3.65-3.61 (m, 4H), 3.08-3.03 (m, 4H).

[0307] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 8 was further calculated using the following formula to be 63%.

[0308] Yield = moles of compound 8 / moles of compound 4 × 100%

[0309] Step (2): Compound 8 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed, and heated at 160 degrees Celsius for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM4. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0310] The compound SAM4 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0311] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.63(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.56(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.37-7.24 (m,16H),7.09-7.03(m,6H),4.84(s,4H),2.84-2.78(m,4H),2.04-1.99(m,4H).

[0312] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM4. The yield of the product SAM4 was further calculated using the following formula to be 36%.

[0313] Yield = moles of product SAM4 / moles of compound 8 × 100%

[0314] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0315] Example 5

[0316] Example 5 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM5. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0317] Step (1): Referring to step (1) of the preparation of organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, compound 1 was replaced with an equal molar amount of compound 9 (CAS No.: 525602-17-9), and compound 10 was obtained after reaction. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0318] Compound 10 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0319] 1 H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.66(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.52(d,J=7.2Hz,12H),7.38-7.25(m ,20H),4.04-3.99(m,8H),2.86-2.81(m,8H),2.58-2.53(m,8H),1.09-1.05(m,12H).

[0320] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 10 was further calculated using the following formula to be 54%.

[0321] Yield = moles of compound 10 / moles of compound 9 × 100%

[0322] Step (2): Compound 10 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM5. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0323] The compound SAM5 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0324] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.09 (s, 4H), 7.66 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 8H), 7.52 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 12H), 7.38-7.25 (m, 20H), 2.86-2.81 (m, 8H), 2.58-2.53 (m, 8H).

[0325] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM5. The yield of the product SAM5 was further calculated using the following formula to be 78%.

[0326] Yield = moles of product SAM5 / moles of compound 10 × 100%

[0327] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0328] Example 6

[0329] Example 6 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM6. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0330] Step (1): Referring to the preparation step (1) of the organic compound SAM1 in Example 1, Compound 2 was replaced with an equal molar amount of Compound 11, and the reaction yielded Compound 12. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0331] Compound 12 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0332] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.37(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.31(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.14(s,4H),7.08-7.05(m,4 H),7.01-6.98(m,6H),6.80(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),4.04-3.99(m,4H),3.23-3.19(m,4H),2.45-2.43(m,4H),1.10-1.05(m,6H).

[0333] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 12 was further calculated using the following formula to be 73%.

[0334] Yield = moles of compound 2 / moles of compound 1 × 100%

[0335] Step (2): Compound 12 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM6. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0336] The compound SAM6 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0337] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.13(s,2H),7.37(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7.31(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=7.2Hz,4H),7. 14(s,4H),7.08-7.05(m,4H),7.01-6.98(m,6H),6.80(d,J=7.2Hz,2H),3.11-3.08(m,4H),2.43-2.40(m,4H).

[0338] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM6. The yield of the product SAM6 was further calculated using the following formula to be 87%.

[0339] Yield = moles of product SAM6 / moles of compound 12 × 100%

[0340] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0341] Example 7

[0342] Example 7 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM7. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0343] Step (1): Compound 13 (CAS: 122-39-4, 2.4 mmol), compound 14 (CAS: 3988-03-2, 1 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd2(dba)3, 0.2 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (t-BuONa, 10 mmol), tert-butylphosphine (t-Bu3P, 0.6 mmol), and toluene (50 mL) were mixed, heated at 110°C under nitrogen protection for 18 h, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 15. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0344] Compound 15 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0345] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.71 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 4H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 12H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 8H), 7.02-6.99 (m, 4H).

[0346] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 15 was further calculated using the following formula to be 67%.

[0347] Yield = moles of compound 15 / moles of compound 13 × 100%

[0348] Step (2): Compound 15 (1 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 4 mmol) were dissolved in chloroform (30 mL), reacted in the dark at room temperature for 12 h, washed with water, and extracted with dichloromethane. The oil phase liquid was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow powder and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium dichloride (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 0.4 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 8 mmol), diboronic acid pinacol ester (9.6 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (50 mL). After heating at 85 ° C for 12 hours under nitrogen protection, a clear filtrate was obtained through diatomaceous earth, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow solid. The pale yellow solid was then mixed with compound 2 (4.8 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh3)4, 0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and an aqueous potassium carbonate solution (K2CO3, 2 mol / L, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C under nitrogen protection for 48 hours, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 16. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0349] Compound 16 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0350] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.71(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7. 37-7.27(m,20H),4.03-3.99(m,8H),2.87-2.83(m,8H),2.54-2.51(m,8H),1.10-1.07(m,12H).

[0351] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 16 was further calculated using the following formula to be 43%.

[0352] Yield = moles of compound 16 / moles of compound 15 × 100%

[0353] Step (3): Compound 16 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), heated at 75°C for 20 h, and then concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the pH of the solution was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM7. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0354] The compound SAM7 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0355] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.09(s,4H),7.71(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,8H) ,7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.37-7.27(m,20H),2.75-2.71(m,8H),2.53-2.49(m,8H).

[0356] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM7. The yield of the product SAM7 was further calculated using the following formula to be 68%.

[0357] Yield = moles of product SAM7 / moles of compound 16 × 100%

[0358] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0359] Example 8

[0360] Example 8 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM8. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0361] Step (1): Compound 15 (1 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 4 mmol) were dissolved in chloroform (30 mL), reacted in the dark at room temperature for 12 h, then washed with water and extracted with dichloromethane. The oil phase liquid was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow powder and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium dichloride (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 0.4 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 8 mmol), diboronic acid pinacol ester (9.6 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (50 mL). After heating at 85 ° C under nitrogen protection for 12 hours, a clear filtrate was obtained through diatomaceous earth, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow solid. The pale yellow solid was then mixed with compound 6 (4.8 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh3)4, 0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and potassium carbonate aqueous solution (K2CO3, 2 mol / L, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C under nitrogen protection for 48 hours, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 17. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0362] Compound 17 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0363] 1H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.71(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.37-7.27(m,20H),3.65-3.61(m,8H),3.07-3.04(m,8H).

[0364] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 17 was further calculated using the following formula to be 39%.

[0365] Yield = moles of compound 17 / moles of compound 15 × 100%

[0366] Step (2): Compound 17 (1 mmol) and triethyl phosphite (P(OEt)3, 10 mL) were mixed and heated at 160 degrees Celsius for 20 hours under nitrogen protection. The triethyl phosphite was removed by vacuum distillation. The crude product was mixed with tributylsilyl bromide (TMSBr, 1.5 mL) and 1,4-dioxane (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours under nitrogen protection, and the solvent was removed. Methanol (10 mL) was added and stirred for 12 hours. Deionized water (1 mL) was added to precipitate a solid powder to obtain SAM8. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0367] The compound SAM8 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0368] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.71(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.55(d,J=7 .2Hz,8H),7.37-7.27(m,20H),4.77(s,8H),2.81-2.78(m,8H),2.04-1.99(m,8H).

[0369] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM8. The yield of the product SAM8 was further calculated using the following formula to be 41%.

[0370] Yield = moles of product SAM8 / moles of compound 17 × 100%

[0371] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0372] Example 9

[0373] Example 9 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced with compound SAM9. The specific preparation method is as follows:

[0374] Step (1): Compound 13 (2.4 mmol), compound 18 (1 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium (Pd2(dba)3, 0.2 mmol), sodium tert-butoxide (t-BuONa, 10 mmol), tert-butylphosphine (t-Bu3P, 0.6 mmol), and toluene (50 mL) were mixed, heated at 110°C under nitrogen protection for 18 h, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 19. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0375] Compound 19 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0376] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.27-7.23(m,8H),7.14(d,J=7.5Hz,8H),7.09-6.99(m,12H),6.85(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),.

[0377] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product, and the yield of compound 19 was further calculated using the following formula to be 74%.

[0378] Yield = moles of compound 19 / moles of compound 13 × 100%

[0379] Step (2): Compound 19 (1 mmol) and N-bromosuccinimide (NBS, 4 mmol) were dissolved in chloroform (30 mL), reacted in the dark at room temperature for 12 h, washed with water, and extracted with dichloromethane. The oil phase liquid was evaporated under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow powder and 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocenepalladium dichloride (Pd(dppf)Cl2, 0.4 mmol), potassium acetate (KOAc, 8 mmol), diboronic acid pinacol ester (9.6 mmol), and 1,4-dioxane (50 mL). After heating at 85 ° C under nitrogen protection for 12 hours, a clear filtrate was obtained through diatomaceous earth, and the filtrate was distilled under reduced pressure to obtain a light yellow solid. The pale yellow solid was then mixed with compound 2 (4.8 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh3)4, 0.1 mmol), toluene (10 mL), and an aqueous potassium carbonate solution (K2CO3, 2 mol / L, 10 mL). The mixture was heated at 110°C under nitrogen protection for 48 hours, and then separated by silica gel chromatography to obtain compound 20. The synthetic route is as follows:

[0380] Compound 20 was tested by H NMR spectrum, and the results were as follows:

[0381] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.38-7.31(m,16H),7.15(d,J=7.5Hz ,4H),6.85(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),4.03-3.98(m,8H),2.87-2.83(m,8H),2.54-2.51(m,8H),1.11-1.07(m,12H).

[0382] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product. The yield of compound 20 was further calculated using the following formula to be 37%.

[0383] Yield = moles of compound 20 / moles of compound 19 × 100%

[0384] Step (3): Compound 20 (1 mmol) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL), mixed with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (2 M NaOH, 10 mL), and heated at 75°C for 20 h. Concentrated hydrochloric acid was added dropwise until the solution pH was <1. The precipitate was collected to obtain SAM9. The synthesis route is as follows:

[0385] The compound SAM9 was tested by nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum, and the results are as follows:

[0386] 1 H NMR (400MHz, DMSO-d6) δ12.09(s,4H),7.62(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.55(d,J=7.2Hz,8H),7.38-7.3 1(m,16H),7.15(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),6.85(d,J=7.5Hz,4H),2.75-2.71(m,8H),2.53-2.49(m,8H).

[0387] From the above results, it can be seen that the above preparation steps successfully obtained the target product SAM8. The yield of the product SAM9 was further calculated using the following formula to be 77%.

[0388] Yield = moles of product SAM9 / moles of compound 20 × 100%

[0389] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0390] Example 10

[0391] Example 10 is basically the same as Example 1, except that step 2 of preparing the solar cell is as follows:

[0392] 2. Preparation of the hole transport layer: First, a methanol solution of nano-nickel oxide (10 mg / mL) was spin-coated at 2000 rpm on the surface of the first electrode 11, and the solvent was annealed to remove the solvent to form a nickel oxide film with a thickness of 30 nm. Then, the above-mentioned organic compound SAM1 was dissolved in methanol to obtain a self-assembled molecular solution (1 mg / mL) after dissolution. The solution was spin-coated at 3000 rpm on the surface of the nickel oxide film and annealed to obtain a self-assembled layer with a thickness of 5 nm to form a hole transport layer.

[0393] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0394] Example 11

[0395] Example 11 is basically the same as Example 1, except that step 2 of preparing the solar cell is as follows:

[0396] 2. Preparation of hole transport layer: SAM1 and D1 (structure as follows) were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:1 and dissolved in methanol. The mass concentrations of SAM1 and D1 after dissolution were both 0.5 mg / mL. After dissolution, a self-assembled molecular solution (1 mg / mL) was obtained. The self-assembled molecular solution was then spin-coated on the surface of the first electrode 11 at a speed of 3000 rpm and annealed to obtain a hole transport layer 12 with a thickness of 5 nm.

[0397] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0398] Example 12

[0399] Example 12 is basically the same as Example 10, except that: during the preparation of the hole transport layer, no self-assembled layer is formed, only a nickel oxide thin film is formed, and SAM1 is added to the perovskite precursor solution in step 3 at a concentration of 1 mg / mL.

[0400] The test steps are the same as those in Example 1. Please see Table 3 for specific results.

[0401] Comparative Example 1

[0402] Comparative Example 1 is substantially the same as Example 12, except that during the preparation of the hole transport layer, no self-assembled layer is formed, and only a nickel oxide thin film is formed.

[0403] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 12. Please see Table 1 for specific results.

[0404] Comparative Example 2

[0405] Comparative Example 2 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound D1. The specific structure is as follows:

[0406] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0407] Comparative Example 3

[0408] Comparative Example 3 is basically the same as Example 1, except that the hole transport layer preparation material compound SAM1 is replaced by compound D2. The specific structure is as follows:

[0409] The remaining steps are the same as in Example 1. Please see Table 1 for the specific results.

[0410] Please see Table 1 for the relevant physical parameters and test results in each embodiment and comparative example.

[0411] Table 1

[0412] By analyzing the experimental results in Table 1 and comparing Examples 1 to 9 with Comparative Examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that when the organic compound of the present application is used to prepare a solar cell, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell can be improved, and at the same time, the storage stability can be improved.

[0413] Further analysis of Examples 10 to 12 shows that when the organic compounds of the present application are used to prepare solar cells, they can play a role in both hole transport and passivation. Not only can they be used as a separate raw material to prepare a hole transport layer, but they can also be used in combination with traditional hole transport materials in the field to prepare a hole transport layer. The organic compounds of the present application can be doped and mixed with traditional hole transport materials in the field to prepare a hole transport layer, or they can be formed into separate film layers to form a hole transport layer. Both can play a role in hole transport and passivation at the same time, thereby improving the efficiency of solar cells. For example, separate film layers are formed to form a hole transport layer, and the film layer formed by the organic compound is actually equivalent to a passivation layer.

[0414] The technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. In order to make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application. The description is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present application, several variations and improvements can be made, which all fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the patent of this application shall be based on the attached claims, and the description and drawings can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. An organic compound, wherein the organic compound is represented by formula (1): m 1～ m4 are each independently selected from any integer from 0 to 5, and m 1～ At least one of m4 is not 0, each Q1 is independently selected from H or *——(L2)n2-A, each A is independently selected from H or an oxoacid group, and at least one Q1 is selected from *——(L2)n2-A, and at least one A is selected from an oxoacid group; Each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -Si(R4R5)-, -PR6-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR7)-, -C(=CR8R9)- and any one of the following L1 to L8: Y1 to Y6 are each independently selected from -C(R 10 R 11 )-、-NR 12 -、-O-、-Si(R 13 R 14 )-、-PR 15 -, -S-, -As-, -Se-, -C(=O)-, -C(=S)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one; Each Z1 to Z8 is independently selected from CR 19 or N; R1~R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following; R a ~R g Each of the following groups is independently selected from any one of a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 6 to 15 ring atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaromatic group having 5 to 15 ring atoms, and a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; * represents a connection site; n1 to n2 are each independently selected from any integer from 1 to 10; Alternatively, the organic compound is an oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1).

2. The organic compound according to claim 1, wherein Y1 to Y6 are each independently selected from -CR 10 R 11 -、-NR 12 -, -O-, -S-, -C(=O)-, -C(=NR 16 )-or-C(=CR 17 R 18 )-any one.

3. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein R a ~R g Each of the groups is independently selected from an aromatic group having 6 to 10 ring atoms, a heteroaromatic group having 5 to 10 ring atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen.

4. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R1~R 19 Each is independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms substituted with a halogen.

5. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein Each L1 and each L2 are independently selected from -C(R1R2)-, -NR3-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups: Among them, R 19 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, -OR a 、-OCOR b 、-NHCOR c 、-N(R d )2、-SR e 、-P(R f )2、R g Any of the following; * indicates the attachment site.

6. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein Each L1 is independently selected from -CH2-, -O-, -C(=O)- and any one of the following groups:

7. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein Each *——(L2)n2-A is independently selected from any one of the following groups: Among them, L 11 is selected from an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; L 12 ~L 14 Each is independently selected from a single bond or an alkane subunit having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

8. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein The oxygen-containing acid group is selected from any one of a phosphonic acid group, a hypophosphorous acid group, a sulfonic acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfinic acid group, a boric acid group or a silicic acid group.

9. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein The oxygen-containing acid salt of the compound represented by formula (1) comprises an anion and a cation, wherein the anion is formed by at least one alcoholic hydroxyl group in the oxygen-containing acid group of the compound represented by formula (1) losing H, and the cation is selected from metal ions or NH4 + At least one of .

10. The organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein The organic compound includes at least one of the compounds represented by formula (SAM1) to formula (SAM9) and the oxygen-containing acid salts of the compounds represented by formula (SAM1) to formula (SAM9):

11. Use of the organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10 as a passivation material or a hole transport material.

12. A solar cell comprising the organic compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

13. The solar cell according to claim 12, wherein The solar cell satisfies one or more of conditions (1) to (3): (1) The solar cell includes a perovskite layer, and the perovskite layer includes the organic compound; (2) The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer and the hole transport layer includes the organic compound; (3) The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer provided on at least one side of the hole transport layer; at least one of the perovskite layer, the hole transport layer, and the passivation layer includes the organic compound.

14. The solar cell according to claim 13, wherein The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, the hole transport layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the hole transport layer is K1, 0<K1≤100%.

15. The solar cell according to any one of claims 13, wherein: The solar cell includes a stacked perovskite layer and a hole transport layer, and a passivation layer provided on at least one side surface of the hole transport layer. The passivation layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the passivation layer is K2, 0<K2≤100%.

16. The solar cell according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein: The perovskite layer includes the organic compound, and the mass proportion of the organic compound in the perovskite layer is K3, and 0.01%≤K3≤0.5%.

17. A photovoltaic module comprising the solar cell according to any one of claims 12 to 16.

18. A photovoltaic system comprising the photovoltaic module according to claim 17.

19. An electrical device comprising at least one of the solar cell according to any one of claims 12 to 16 and the photovoltaic module according to claim 17.

20. A power generation device comprising at least one of the solar cell according to any one of claims 12 to 16 and the photovoltaic module according to claim 17.

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