Desalination device and a desalination system
The desalination device addresses land degradation by using an elliptical casing and reflective coating for efficient freshwater production, reducing energy and cost, and facilitating land restoration.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/085671
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-09
AI Technical Summary
Eroded land due to lack of freshwater sources leads to environmental degradation, habitat loss, and reduced agricultural productivity, with existing desalination technologies like reverse osmosis being energy-intensive and costly.
A desalination device with a casing having an elliptical cross-section and reflective coating to maximize sunlight exposure, combined with a heat-resistant lining for evaporative desalination, and a modular system for scalable freshwater production.
Efficient production of freshwater without external cooling, reducing energy consumption and capital costs, while enabling land restoration and agricultural use.
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Figure CN2025085671_09102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DESALINATION DEVICE AND A DESALINATION SYSTEMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a desalination device and a desalination system, in particular, but not limited to, a desalination device and a desalination system for converting sea water into freshwater.BACKGROUND
[0002] Land erosion has increased in many parts of the world due to several factors such as climate change. Erosion, particularly soil erosion, has negative impacts on the environmental wellbeing of our planet as it may impact or accelerate pollution, habitat loss, forced animal migration, climate change and other negative impacts. Land erosion has occurred in many parts of the world and in areas that are in proximity to the ocean due to the lack of fresh water source such as ground water or rain.
[0003] Eroded land or dry land can also be difficult to farm. Additionally, or alternatively, natural vegetation e.g., forests or bushland can also change due to the lack of water. Forests can shrink or die, and the vegetation often changes to plants that can survive in lower freshwater conditions. This change in the flora can also negatively impact the fauna. Eroded land or dry lands are generally not considered productive. Eroded land or dry land is also lacking nutrients and is generally less or not fertile, in turn meaning land that could otherwise be a valuable resource to agriculture or commerce is lost.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In accordance with a first aspect, the present invention provides a desalination device comprising:
[0005] a casing,
[0006] wherein the casing comprises a transparent upper region,
[0007] a saltwater inlet formed in the casing,
[0008] a saltwater receptacle (i.e., evaporation tray) located within the casing and fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, the saltwater receptacle adapted to receive saltwater from the saltwater inlet,
[0009] wherein the casing comprises an ovate shaped cross section,
[0010] a freshwater receptacle positioned under the saltwater receptacle and adapted to collect freshwater, and;
[0011] a freshwater outlet in fluid communication with the freshwater receptacle.
[0012] In one example embodiment the casing comprises an elliptical cross section.
[0013] In one example embodiment, a lower portion e.g., a lower half or lower third of the casing may comprise a reflective coating. The reflective coating may be disposed on the inner surface of the casing, and the reflective coating may be configured to reflect sunlight i.e., UV rays onto the saltwater receptacle. Optionally, the coating may be attached or adhered or moulded to the inner surface of the casing.
[0014] In one example the desalination device is sized and shaped to maximise desalination. The elliptical cross section maximises UV rays i.e., maximises sunlight directed onto the saltwater receptacle (i.e., evaporation tray) . The shape further focusses sunlight onto the saltwater receptacle.
[0015] In one example embodiment the upper portion comprises an arcuate section that is shaped and configured to direct UV rays into the saltwater receptacle (i.e., evaporation tray) .
[0016] In one example, in use, the saltwater is evaporated from the saltwater receptacle due to exposure to UV rays from the upper region of the casing,
[0017] water from the saltwater being evaporated into water vapour from the saltwater receptacle leaving salt in the saltwater receptacle, the water vapour condensing into freshwater, along inner surfaces of the casing, and;
[0018] the condensed freshwater collecting within the freshwater receptacle.
[0019] In one example embodiment an inner surface of the casing comprises a lining that is adapted to cool water vapour evaporated from the saltwater receptacle.
[0020] In one example embodiment the lining comprises a heat resistant and heat absorbing material. This is advantageous as there is no requirement for additional cooling devices or condensers. Cooling occurs by heat absorption in the lining.
[0021] In one example embodiment the lining comprises a ceramic material. In an alternative embodiment the lining comprises acrylic stone or aluminium nitride or vinyl or a combination thereof.
[0022] In one example, the lining may be a separate element to the casing.
[0023] In one example embodiment the lining is adhered to or moulded onto the inner surface of the casing, and the lining is located below the midline of the casing; and where in use, the lining absorbing heat from the water vapour causing condensation of the vapour into freshwater. In one example the lining may extend the length of the casing or may extend a partial length of the casing.
[0024] In another example embodiment, the inner surface of the casing may be adapted to cause condensation of the water vapour into freshwater. In this example, the casing may not have an extra lining on the inner surface.
[0025] In one optional embodiment, the inner surface of the casing may be formed from a heat absorbing material.
[0026] In one example embodiment the casing comprises an oblique circular cylinder shape.
[0027] In one example embodiment, the saltwater receptacle may be a tray with a base, side walls and an open top or open upper portion. Optionally, the saltwater receptacle (i.e., evaporation tray) may comprise a polygon cross section.
[0028] In one example embodiment, optionally the saltwater receptacle comprising a prism shape having a polygon cross section and an open upper portion.
[0029] In one example embodiment, the desalination device comprising: a pump fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, a water level sensor positioned to measure the level of saltwater in the saltwater receptacle , and; wherein the pump is configured to regulate the amount of saltwater introduced into the saltwater receptacle such that amount of saltwater is within a predefined range. The device may also comprise a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of water in the receptacle, a salinity sensor located in or on the receptacle and an ambient temperature sensor.
[0030] In one example embodiment, the desalination device comprises a pump fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet and configured to pump saltwater from the saltwater reservoir into the saltwater receptacle i.e., evaporation tray. The pump may be operated or controlled to maintain a predefined amount of water in the saltwater receptacle i.e., evaporation tray.
[0031] In one example embodiment, the pump may be a smart pump. The smart pump may be operated to regulate the saltwater input. The smart pump may automatically regulate the amount of saltwater introduced into the saltwater receptacle such that no valve is required. The smart pump may be more energy efficient.
[0032] In one example embodiment the desalination device comprises a pump in fluidly coupled to the inlet valve, the pump configured to pump saltwater from a saltwater reservoir into the saltwater receptacle to maintain a predefined amount of saltwater in the saltwater receptacle.
[0033] In one example embodiment the desalination device comprises an inlet valve, the inlet valve fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet and the valve being positioned upstream, the valve being controlled to regulate the amount of saltwater introduced into the saltwater receptacle such that amount of saltwater is within a predefined range.
[0034] In one example embodiment the saltwater receptacle comprises a heat conductive material configured to heat up when exposed to UV rays from the upper region of the casing.
[0035] In one example embodiment, the saltwater receptacle i.e., evaporation tray may be formed from a black coloured material or a dark coloured material to maximise heat absorption and / or UV penetration. This can improve heating of the saltwater and does not require an external heater.
[0036] In one example, the saltwater receptacle comprises a material that maximises desalination by improving heat transfer into the saltwater in the saltwater receptacle. The material of the receptacle maximises heat transferred into the saltwater from the UV rays.
[0037] In one example embodiment the desalination device comprises a plurality of elevation mounts, the mounts being spaced from each other, and the mounts adapted to raise the desalination device above ground level. The elevation mounts may be feet that may be connected to the outer surface of the casing and extend outwardly from the casing.
[0038] In one example, the elevation mounts may be removably attachable to the outer surface of the casing.
[0039] In one example embodiment the saltwater receptacle is angled downward away from saltwater inlet wherein the receptacle adjacent the saltwater inlet is higher than an opposing end of the receptacle.
[0040] In one example embodiment, the desalination device comprises at least one support extending from a lower surface of the casing or extending upwardly from the freshwater receptacle, the support supporting the saltwater receptacle to angle the saltwater receptacle downwardly away from the saltwater inlet.
[0041] In one example embodiment the at least one support comprising a telescoping mechanism, the telescoping mechanism adapted to adjust the height of the support such that the angle of the saltwater receptacle may be adjusted between a planar arrangement or an angled downward arrangement.
[0042] In an example embodiment, the saltwater receptacle further includes a mechanism to control the decline angle of the receptacle so as to maintain the natural flow rate of the water in optimum level.
[0043] In one example embodiment, the saltwater receptacle may be mounted to the side walls of the casing. In this example, the saltwater receptacle may be coupled to the inner surface of the casing. Optionally, the saltwater receptacle may be attached to opposing sides of the inner surface of the casing.
[0044] In one example embodiment the freshwater outlet comprises an outlet valve fluidly coupled to the freshwater outlet, the outlet valve being controllable to let out freshwater from the freshwater receptacle.
[0045] In one example embodiment the transparent region extends around an upper half above the midline of the casing. In one example, the transparent region may define an upper half of the casing. In another example embodiment the casing may comprise a plurality of transparent windows. In a further example embodiment, the entire casing may be formed from a transparent material.
[0046] In one example embodiment the desalination device comprises an coupling to couple to another desalination device,
[0047] wherein the coupling comprises a retention mechanism that releasably attaches to a corresponding complementary retention mechanism, and;
[0048] wherein the coupling comprises a seal that is arranged to seal with a complementary seal of another desalination device.
[0049] In one example embodiment, the desalination device may comprise a nutrient enrichment module located within the casing. The nutrient enrichment module may be fluidly coupled to at least one desalination device, wherein the nutrient enrichment module comprising one or more nutrients that promote plant growth and / or soil fertility. The freshwater from the freshwater receptacle may be passed through the nutrient enrichment module to add nutrients. The nutrient enrichment module may be upstream of the freshwater outlet.
[0050] In one example embodiment, the nutrient enrichment module may be located outside the casing and fluidly coupled to the desalination device. The nutrient enrichment module may be configured to add nutrients to the freshwater.
[0051] In another example embodiment, the nutrient enrichment module is fluidly coupled to at least one desalination device and storing the salt brine produced by the device to harvest nutrients from the brine.
[0052] Optionally, the desalination device may comprise a salt removal module that is adapted to remove any additional salt or ocean deposits within the freshwater. The salt removal module may remove salt by an appropriate chemical reaction to remove salt and leave freshwater.
[0053] Optionally, the water flow can be regulated to output saltwater at the end of the desalination device with a higher salinity percentage that the saltwater input. This can output higher salinity water that may be used for appropriate uses. For this option the water flow is regulated to flow at a faster pace.
[0054] In one example the desalination device comprising a compression mechanism, the compression mechanism positioned on either side of the casing and mounted on a horizontal strut passing through the casing, in use, the compression mechanism adapted to exert a compressive force on the sides of the casing to compress the sides.
[0055] In one example the casing changes cross section shape from a circular cross section to an elliptical cross-sectional shape when the compressive force is applied by the compression mechanism. The compression mechanism may include constriction elements e.g., nuts that lock the casing into the modified elliptical shape.
[0056] In one example the controller operatively coupled to the one or more sensors and operatively coupled to the pump, and the controller is configured to control the pump to regulate the amount or flow rate of saltwater introduced into the receptacle based on measurements from the one or more sensors.
[0057] In one example the controller is configured to: receive a water level set point, and control the pump to introduce saltwater into the receptacle based on the difference between the measured water level and the water level set point; or the controller is configured to: receive a water level and a saltwater temperature set point or saltwater salinity set point, control the pump to introduce saltwater into the receptacle based on the difference between the measured water level and the water level set point and based on the difference between the measured saltwater temperature and the saltwater temperature set point.
[0058] In accordance with a second aspect, the present invention relates to a desalination system comprising:
[0059] a first desalination device comprising:
[0060] a casing,
[0061] wherein the casing comprises a transparent upper region,
[0062] a saltwater inlet formed in the casing,
[0063] a saltwater receptacle located within the casing and fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, the saltwater receptacle adapted to receive saltwater from the saltwater inlet,
[0064] wherein the casing comprises an ovate shaped cross section,
[0065] a freshwater receptacle positioned under the saltwater receptacle and adapted to collect freshwater, and;
[0066] a freshwater outlet in fluid communication with the freshwater receptacle,
[0067] the casing comprising an elliptical cross section,
[0068] wherein an inner surface of the casing comprises a lining that is adapted to cool water vapour evaporated from the saltwater receptacle, wherein the lining comprises a heat resistant and heat absorbing material,
[0069] the casing comprises an oblique circular cylinder shape, and the saltwater receptacle comprising a base, side walls and an open top or open upper region;
[0070] a second desalination device comprising:
[0071] a casing,
[0072] wherein the casing comprises a transparent upper region,
[0073] a saltwater inlet formed in the casing,
[0074] a saltwater receptacle located within the casing and fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, the saltwater receptacle adapted to receive saltwater from the saltwater inlet,
[0075] wherein the casing comprises an ovate shaped cross section,
[0076] a freshwater receptacle positioned under the saltwater receptacle and adapted to collect freshwater, and;
[0077] a freshwater outlet in fluid communication with the freshwater receptacle,
[0078] the casing comprising an elliptical cross section,
[0079] wherein an inner surface of the casing comprises a lining that is adapted to cool water vapour evaporated from the saltwater receptacle, wherein the lining comprises a heat resistant and heat absorbing material,
[0080] the casing comprises an oblique circular cylinder shape, and the saltwater receptacle comprising a base, side walls and an open top or open upper region,
[0081] wherein each desalination device comprises a coupling, and;
[0082] the first desalination device is removably couplable to the second desalination device via the couplings and the connection forming a sealed connection between the first desalination device and the second desalination device.
[0083] The desalination system is advantageous because it allows for multiple desalination devices to be coupled together and remove salt from a large volume of saltwater. The system comprises modular desalination devices that can be removably coupled to each other. The modular arrangement is advantageous as it can be expanded i.e., extended to any length depending on the need of the site. The size of the desalination system i.e., the number of desalination devices required can customised to generate a required amount of freshwater.
[0084] In one example embodiment the desalination system comprises a plurality of desalination devices, and the desalination devices may be identical to each other.
[0085] In one example embodiment the plurality of desalination devices may be as per the desalination devices described earlier or described herein.
[0086] In one example embodiment the plurality of desalination devices can be removably coupled to each other in a series arrangement. Alternatively, the desalination devices may be removably coupled to each other in a parallel arrangement or a combination of series and parallel arrangement.
[0087] In one example, the first and second desalination devices may be fluidly coupled to each other and may be removably couplable to each other. The couplings between the first and second desalination devices comprise a fluidly sealed connection that is waterproof and airtight.
[0088] In one example embodiment at least one nutrient enrichment module positioned within at least one desalination device, or positioned between the two desalination devices, or positioned at an outlet of each desalination device, or positioned outside the desalination device, or positioned prior to an outlet of freshwater,
[0089] wherein the nutrient enrichment module is fluidly coupled to at least one desalination device, wherein the nutrient enrichment module comprising one or more nutrients that promote plant growth and / or soil fertility, and;
[0090] in use, freshwater from at least desalination device is passed through the nutrient enrichment module such that the one or more nutrients are added to the freshwater as it passes out of the outlet; and;
[0091] the at least one nutrient enrichment module is removably coupled to at least one desalination device.
[0092] In one example embodiment the desalination system may comprise multiple nutrient enrichment modules. Each nutrient enrichment module is removably coupled to a single desalination device.
[0093] In accordance with a third aspect, the present invention relates to a land restoration system comprising:
[0094] one or more solar panels,
[0095] at least one energy storage device, the one or more solar panels coupled to the at least one energy storage device, wherein the at least one energy storage device is configured to store energy generated by the solar panels,
[0096] one or more desalination devices, each desalination device being according to the desalination devices described herein, a pump fluidly coupled to the saltwater receptacle, wherein the pump is configured to pump saltwater into the saltwater receptacle, wherein the pump is electrically coupled to one of the at least one energy storage device and the pump being powered by energy from the energy storage device,
[0097] at least one nutrient enrichment module positioned at an outlet of each desalination device, wherein the nutrient enrichment module is fluidly coupled to at least one desalination device, wherein the nutrient enrichment module comprising one or more nutrients that promote plant growth and / or soil fertility,
[0098] in use, freshwater from at least desalination device is passed through the nutrient enrichment module such that the one or more nutrients are added to the freshwater as it passes out of the outlet,
[0099] a drip irrigation system fluidly coupled to each of the one or more desalination devices, the drip irrigation system adapted to receive freshwater from the one or more desalination devices and irrigate plants using the freshwater.
[0100] Optionally, the nutrient enrichment module may be located within the desalination device or between two desalination devices.
[0101] In one example, the drip irrigation system may comprise one or more sensors and actuators, and the drip irrigation system may be an automated irrigation system configured to monitor soil moisture levels using the one or more sensors and control the one or more actuators to provide freshwater onto the soil to maintain soil moisture above a predefined threshold.
[0102] In one example embodiment, the system may comprise multiple nutrient enrichment modules, wherein at least one nutrient enrichment module may be positioned adjacent a desalination device, one nutrient enrichment module may be located adjacent to and in fluid communication with the drip irrigation system. One nutrient enrichment module may be coupled to a valve or a pump of the drip irrigation system.
[0103] The land restoration system may comprise one or more greenhouses. The greenhouses may comprise a climate control system adapted to control the temperature and / or humidity within the greenhouse. The climate control system may be electrically coupled to the energy storage device and powered by the energy within the energy storage device.
[0104] In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a desalination system of claim 19 operable in two modes, wherein in a first mode the pump is controlled to provide a minimal or predefined amount of saltwater to the saltwater catchment such that all the saltwater is evaporated,
[0105] wherein in a second mode the pump is controlled to pump a larger volume of water such that some saltwater is not evaporated resulting in higher salinity water being located in the device and removable from the device, and; wherein the pump is controlled by a controller that is adapted to receive a water level of the saltwater from a water level sensor configured to measure a water level of saltwater in the saltwater catchment and the controller configured to operate the pump in the first mode or second mode based on feedback of the water level from the water level sensor.
[0106] In another example embodiment, the desalination system is operable in a further third mode, wherein in the third mode the pump creates pushes (flushes) of water from moving salty water downstream and cleaning the device. This example may be advantageous in reducing the maintenance requirement of the device as the pump can be controlled to flush the device. This may operate instead or in conjunction with a robotic or mechanical arm, scraper or sweep that can also be used to clean the device.
[0107] The term “comprising” (and its grammatical variations) as used herein are used in the inclusive sense of “having” or “including” and not in the sense of “consisting only of. ”
[0108] The term “freshwater” (and its grammatical variations) as used herein refers to water that does not contain salt or contains a very low concentration of salt i.e., not saltwater. For example, freshwater may comprise salinity concentration of 35ppt or less e.g., 3.5%salinity or less. The term “saltwater” or “salt water” (and its grammatical variations) as used herein refers to naturally occurring salty water i.e., water in bodies of water that has a high amount of salt in it such as for example seawater or ocean water. The term saltwater can also include salty ground water. The term “UV rays” as used includes Ultraviolet rays from a source e.g., from sunlight and may also include other radiation from the sun (i.e., solar radiation) . In use the radiation causes the heating.
[0109] It is to be understood that, if any prior art information is referred to herein, such reference does not constitute an admission that the information forms a part of the common general knowledge in the art, in any country. While the invention has been described with reference to a number of preferred embodiments it should be appreciated that the invention can be embodied in many other forms.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0110] Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a desalination device in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
[0111] Figure 2 illustrates operation of the desalination device of Figure 1.
[0112] Figure 3 illustrates an example casing of the desalination device of Figure 1.
[0113] Figure 4 illustrates a modular desalination device including a pumping lid.
[0114] Figure 5 illustrates an exploded view of the desalination device.
[0115] Figure 6 illustrates a further example of a desalination device and its components.
[0116] Figure 7 illustrates an example of a desalination system comprising a plurality of desalination devices.
[0117] Figure 8 illustrates a further example form of a desalination system comprising a plurality of desalination devices.
[0118] Figure 9 illustrates a land restoration system comprising one or more desalination devices and other components.
[0119] Figures 10 to 13 illustrate a compression mechanism that is used to change the cross sectional shape of the casing and the change in cross sectional shape of the casing of the desalination device.
[0120] Figure 14 illustrates a salt pocket, salinity sensor and brine outlet of the desalination device.
[0121] Figure 15 illustrates details of three sensors located in collection tray.
[0122] Figure 16 illustrates an evaporation rate and the level of water to reduce overspill.
[0123] Figure 17 illustrates an IOT desalination system with a management server and dashboard.
[0124] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0125] Eroded land has negative impacts on the land such as accelerating pollution, migration, climate change and other negative impacts. Eroded land or arid land is unproductive land. Introducing freshwater may be one solution to hydrate the arid land. Reverse osmosis plants are one technology that is used to generate freshwater from saltwater such as ocean water or salty groundwater. However, reverse osmosis plants require high energy input and require large capital investments for each plant. This makes the reverse osmosis processing challenging to use at scale.
[0126] The present invention relates to a desalination device and a desalination system. The present invention also relates to a land restoration system comprising at least one desalination device that can be used to restore arid and eroded land. The desalination device and desalination system as described herein can be used for land restoration. The present invention can be used for hydroponics, nutrient enrichment, irrigation and providing a water reservoir for crops or for other uses. The reservoir of fresh water may also be used as a drinking water reservoir e.g., for livestock. In some uses the desalination device and system is configured to collect salt or salt brine that can be used for various purposes.
[0127] Referring to Figure 1, an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. This embodiment is arranged to provide a desalination device 100 (i.e., a desalination silo) comprising: a casing 102, wherein the casing comprises a transparent upper region 104, a saltwater inlet 106 formed in the casing 102, a saltwater receptacle 108 (i.e., evaporation tray) located within the casing and fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, the saltwater receptacle 108 (i.e., evaporation tray) adapted to receive saltwater from the saltwater inlet, wherein the casing comprises an ovate shaped cross section (i.e., elliptical cross section) , a freshwater receptacle 110 positioned under the saltwater receptacle and adapted to collect freshwater, and; a freshwater outlet 112 in fluid communication with the freshwater receptacle 110.
[0128] In one example embodiment the upper portion of the casing 102 comprises an arcuate section that is shaped and configured to direct UV rays into the saltwater receptacle 108. The arcuate section may be curved to focus UV rays onto the saltwater in the saltwater receptacle 108. The casing 102 may be a cylinder.
[0129] The casing 102 may comprise an ovate cross section i.e. an elliptical cross section. The desalination device 100 may be sized and shaped to maximise desalination within the tray 108. The elliptical cross section helps to direct additional sunlight onto the saltwater receptacle 108 (i.e., the evaporation tray 108) thereby increasing the heat applied to the seawater (i.e., saltwater in the tray) . The UV rays are directed onto the evaporation tray 108 through the transparent region. The cross section shape of the casing may be adjustable as described with reference to Figures 10 to 13.
[0130] The casing 102 may be shaped such that the major axis of the ellipse is vertically oriented. The minor axis may be oriented horizontally. The length of the line of eccentricity between the centre of the casing and the focus along the semi major axis may be such that the upper portion of the casing curved to focus the UV rays onto the saltwater receptacle 108. The shape of the elliptical cross section of the casing, in use, causes sunlight i.e., UV rays to be concentrated and focussed onto the saltwater receptacle 108 to heat the saltwater thereby causing evaporation.
[0131] Optionally, the upper portion of the casing may comprise a more prism shape to improve the directing of the sunlight i.e., UV rays onto the saltwater receptacle i.e., the evaporation tray 108.
[0132] Referring to Figures 10 to 13 there is shown details of the desalination device 100. The casing 102 may be a cylinder with a circular cross section. In use, the cross-section shape of the casing 102 can be modified from circular to an ovate (or elliptical) cross section. The desalination device 100 comprises at least two struts 192, 194 and a compressing mechanism 190. The vertical strut 194 may be positioned vertically inside the casing 102. The horizontal strut 192 may act as a compression rod. The compression mechanism 190 comprises the strut 192 and two constriction elements 196, 198. Constriction elements may be nuts. The compression mechanism 190 may further include a compression strap 502 that extends around the perimeter of the casing 102.
[0133] In one example the device may include a strut at each end. In one example, the tray 108 may rest directly on the horizontal struts 192.
[0134] The horizontal strut 192 extends through the casing and extend outward from the casing. A force can be applied to the outer portions of the casing by the compressing mechanism 190. This can include tightening elements 196, 198 by an appropriate means e.g., a spanner to apply a compressive force on the casing through the strut 192. Tightening the elements 196, 198 causes the strap 502 to constrict and compress the casing. Applying the compressive force (as shown by arrows in Figure 11) , causes the cross section of the casing 102 from circular to an elliptical (i.e., ovate) shape. The compression mechanism can be operated to reduce the force and change the cross-section shape to more circular.
[0135] The elliptical cross section can be locked in place by the constriction elements 196, 198 (e.g., nuts, and washers) , as shown in Figure 12. The compression mechanism 190 allows a user to adjust the minor axis (A) length in order to adjust how elliptical the casing cross section becomes. The minor axis reduces in length if the force applied to the casing is increased. Preferably, in use the cross section is modified to be elliptical. An elliptical cross section (i.e., ovate cross section) of the casing 102 is advantageous because it allows for easier collection of fresh water. Figure 13 illustrates the casing in an elliptical shape. As shown in Figure 13, the condensed freshwater cools along the walls and collects at the base of the casing 102. The elliptical shape creates a collection region at the base of the casing, as shown in Figure 13.
[0136] In an alternative example, the casing 102 may have a more egg shaped cross sectional shape. The elliptical cross section shape may be substantially egg shaped. In one example, the front portion of the device 100 may have an egg shaped cross section and the rear portion of the casing may have a circular or elliptical cross section.
[0137] Optionally, the casing 102 may comprise reflective inner walls 107 to further direct sunlight onto the evaporation tray 108 i.e., saltwater receptacle 108. For example, as shown in Figure 1, a reflective surface 107 or reflective material may be disposed on the inner walls. The reflective inner walls may be located on a lower half or lower third of the casing. The reflective inner walls may comprise a mirror like surface or a reflective coating 107 adapted to reflect sunlight onto to the saltwater receptacle 108. Figure 1 illustrates one example of a reflective surface 107 located on a lower portion of the casing. In one example, the reflective surface 107 may comprise a reflective coating disposed on an inner surface of the casing.
[0138] The desalination device 100 (i.e., desalination silo 100) further comprises a plurality of elevation mounts 114, 116. The mounts 114, 116 are spaced from each other. The elevation mounts 114, 116 may be moulded into the casing 102 or may be adhered to the casing 102. The elevation mounts 114, 116 are adapted to elevate the desalination device from the floor or ground level. The elevation mounts 114, 116 may be optional. In one optional example the elevation mounts 114, 116 may be removably attachable to the outer surface of the casing 102. In one example configuration, such as the illustrated example, the front elevation mount 114 may comprise a greater height than the rear elevation mount, thereby causing the desalination device 100 to slope rearward. The slope may cause the saltwater in the saltwater receptacle 108 to slope downward, as illustrated by arrow A.
[0139] In another example, the desalination device 100 may comprise an elevation mount that may be connected or disposed on a side of the desalination device 100 where the mounts may be coupled to an outer side of the casing.
[0140] The elevation mount (or mounts) may comprise a telescoping leg that may be directly attached to the casing. The telescoping leg allows the elevation angle of the desalination device 100 to be adjusted.
[0141] Saltwater is introduced into the saltwater receptacle 108 via the saltwater inlet 106. The saltwater may be drawn from a reservoir or directly from the ocean and pumped into the saltwater receptacle 108 of the device 100, via the inlet 106.
[0142] The saltwater receptacle 108 may be a container or holder with an open top. The receptacle 108 (i.e., evaporation tray) comprises a base 120, two opposing raised side walls 122, 124 and an open top 126. The side walls extend upwardly from the base 120. The receptacle 108 may be a trough. The saltwater receptacle 108 comprises an open top. The inlet 106 may be fluidly coupled to the saltwater receptacle 108 and may be positioned to direct saltwater into the receptacle 108. The receptacle 108 may have a trapezoid cross section. Alternatively, the receptacle 108 may comprise a substantially rectangular cross section and have parallel side walls.
[0143] In a further alternative form, the receptacle 108 may comprise a closed top. The top may be a clear or transparent material that allows UV rays to pass through it. Alternatively, the top may not be transparent but may be made from a heat absorbent material. The top may also conduct heat into the base to heat the saltwater in the receptacle. In this alternative form, the closed receptacle may be a prism shape or a cylinder shape. This prism shape form is an optional example.
[0144] The receptacle 108 may be made from a heat absorbent material. In use, heat is absorbed from the sunlight let through the upper surface and the saltwater in the saltwater receptacle 108 is heated by the absorbed heat. The receptacle 108 (i.e., tray) may be formed from a dark colour to improve heat absorption and evaporation of the saltwater.
[0145] In one example the saltwater receptacle 108 may comprise a heat conductive material configured to heat up when exposed to UV rays from the upper region of the casing. The heat conductive material is adapted to absorb heat from sunlight i.e., UV rays landing on the receptacle 108, and transfer the heat into the saltwater in the receptacle 108. The saltwater in the receptacle 108 is heated. In one example, the saltwater receptacle 108 comprises a material that maximises desalination by improving heat transfer into the saltwater in the saltwater receptacle. The material of the receptacle maximises heat transferred into the saltwater from the UV rays falling on the receptacle 108.
[0146] In a further alternative, the saltwater receptacle 108 may be formed from a heat conductive material such as a metal or metallic alloy e.g., aluminium or stainless steel. The heat conductive material may also be corrosion resistant such that saltwater in the receptacle does not rapidly corrode the material of the receptacle 108.
[0147] In one example the saltwater receptacle 108 (i.e., evaporation tray) comprises a ceramic material. In an alternative example form the saltwater receptacle 108 may comprise acrylic stone or aluminium nitride or vinyl or combination thereof.
[0148] Figure 2 illustrates operation of the desalination device 100 shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 5. Figure 2 illustrates a method of desalination using the desalination device 100. Referring to Figure 2, saltwater is introduced into the saltwater receptacle 108, e.g., via a pump. The saltwater in the saltwater receptacle 108 is exposed to sunlight, at step 200. In particular, UV rays are passed through the transparent upper region. Sunlight i.e., UV rays can pass through the transparent region 104 and are concentrated onto the saltwater in the receptacle 108. The UV rays are concentrated onto the receptacle 108 due to the ovate, and more specifically elliptical shape of the casing. UV rays may comprise sunlight and other forms of radiation from sunlight.
[0149] The saltwater is heated due to exposure to UV rays from the upper region 104 of the casing. The heating of the water in the evaporation tray 108 (i.e., receptacle 108) causes the water to evaporate. Additionally, the evaporation also occurs due to the temperature difference inside in the casing 102 and the external environment. As well as other factors such as specific light filters in the casing that increase evaporation.
[0150] The water from the saltwater is evaporated at step 202 into water vapour from the saltwater receptacle 108 leaving salt in the saltwater receptacle 108. The water vapour condenses at step 204 into freshwater, along inner surfaces of the casing 102. The inner surface is cooler i.e., at a lower temperature than the saltwater receptacle 108. Additionally, the temperature differential inside the casing as compared to the external environment also contributes to the condensation of the water droplets. The condensed freshwater is collected in the freshwater receptacle 110 at step 206. At step 208, the freshwater is outputted via the freshwater outlet 112. The freshwater outlet 112 may comprise a valve or tap or other moveable closure that allows a user to control the amount of freshwater that is expelled from the freshwater receptacle 110.
[0151] Figure 3 illustrates an example of the desalination device 100 and shows the transparent region 104. The transparent region 104 is configured to allow UV rays e.g., from sunlight into the device. The sunlight enters through the transparent region 104 and shines onto the saltwater in the saltwater receptacle. Referring to Figure 3, the transparent region 104 may extend around an upper half above the midline of the casing. In one example, the transparent region 104 may define an upper half of the casing. As shown in Figure 3, most of the casing 102 comprises a transparent material and defines the transparent region 104. As shown in the example of Figure 3, at least 70%of the casing 102 defines the transparent region 104, as at least 70%of the external area comprises a transparent material.
[0152] In another example the casing 102 may comprise a plurality of transparent windows. In a further example embodiment, the entire casing 102 may define the transparent region 104. In this example, the entire casing 102 may be formed from a transparent material.
[0153] The transparent region 104 may be formed from glass or Perspex or other durable but clear material. The transparent region 104 may also comprise a material that allows UV rays to pass through. The transparent region 104 may be formed from a material that at least passes UVA, UVB radiation and may also pass Gamma radiation. These forms of radiation heat the saltwater in the receptacle 108 causing it to evaporate, and then cool along the sides into freshwater.
[0154] The saltwater receptacle 108 may be angled downward away from saltwater inlet as shown in Figure 1. The saltwater receptacle 108 adjacent the saltwater inlet 106 may be higher than an opposing end of the receptacle 108. In one example embodiment, the desalination device comprises at least one support 118 that is shaped and structure to prop up the saltwater receptacle 108 at an angle. The saltwater receptacle 108 is angled downwardly away from the saltwater inlet 106. The support 118 may be a post or a stanchion that extends upwardly from the freshwater receptacle 110. The support 118 may be moulded into the base of the desalination device 110 or may be adhered to the base of the freshwater receptacle 110.
[0155] In one example embodiment the support 118 may comprise a telescoping mechanism adapted to adjust the height of the support such that the angle of the saltwater receptacle may be adjusted between a planar arrangement or an angled downward arrangement. The device 100 may comprise multiple supports to prop up the tray 108.
[0156] In one example embodiment the saltwater receptacle 108 may the saltwater receptacle may be mounted to the side walls of the casing 102. Optionally, the saltwater receptacle may be attached to opposing sides of the inner surface of the casing or may be cantilevered in the casing 102.
[0157] In one example embodiment an inner surface of the casing comprises a lining 130 that is adapted to cool water vapour evaporated from the saltwater receptacle 108. The lining is illustrated in Figure 1 and may be attached on the entire inner surface of the casing 102. The lining 130 is cooler than the evaporated water vapour and condensation occurs on the lining 130. The lining causes water droplets to form and run into the freshwater receptacle 110.
[0158] In one example embodiment the lining 130 comprises a heat absorbing material. In one example embodiment the lining 130 comprises a ceramic material. In an alternative embodiment the lining comprises acrylic stone or aluminium nitride or vinyl or a combination thereof. In one example, the lining 130 may be a separate element to the casing and may be adhered to the inner surface of the casing 102.
[0159] The lining 130 may be adhered or moulded onto the inner surface of the casing. The lining 130 may be located below the midline of the casing 102 i.e., along a lower region. As shown in the example of Figure 1, the lining 130 may be attached around the inner surface of the casing 102. In use, the lining 130 is adapted to absorb heat from the water vapour causing condensation of the vapour into freshwater. Alternatively, the lining 130 may only be disposed in an upper region e.g., an upper half of the casing to cause the water vapour to condense. This is advantageous as there is no requirement for additional cooling devices, fans or condensers. Cooling occurs by heat absorption in the lining, In one example the lining 130 may extend the length of the casing. Alternatively, the lining 130 may extend a partial length of the casing. In another example, the lining 130 may be located at predetermined regions within the casing.
[0160] In one example the lining 130 may be formed from glass or plexiglass in one example. In another example, the casing may be formed from another transparent material that is adapted to cool water vapour, causing condensation and allows the condensed water to run into the freshwater receptacle. The lining allows sunlight to enter the casing and shine onto the saltwater receptacle 108 to heat the saltwater causing it to evaporate. The lining 130 of glass or plexiglass or other transparent material further causes condensation of the water vapour into liquid freshwater.
[0161] Referring to Figure 3, the desalination device 100 may comprise one or more ratchet bands 138 that can be used to adjust the cross sectional shape of the casing 102. The bands 138 may be tightened to adjust the cross sectional shape of the casing 102. In one example, the bands 138 may also function as couplers to couple two of more desalination devices 100 to each other.
[0162] In one example embodiment the desalination device 100 may comprise a pump (not illustrated) in fluidly coupled to the inlet 106. The pump configured to pump saltwater from a saltwater reservoir (e.g., the ocean) into the saltwater receptacle to maintain a predefined amount of saltwater in the saltwater receptacle.
[0163] Figure 4 illustrates one example of a modular desalination device 100. The modular desalination device 100 may comprise a pumping lid 150 that is adapted to enclose the casing 102. The pumping lid 150 may removably couple to a free end 132, 134 of the desalination device 100. The desalination device 100 may comprise a controller 160, The controller 160 may be operatively coupled to a pump 152, inlet valve 154, elevation mounts 114, 116 and one or more sensors. The inlet 106 may be disposed on the pumping lid 150. Preferably, the inlet 106 is only in the pumping lid 150 and the pump 152 is fluidly coupled to the inlet 106.
[0164] The desalination device 100 may comprise a pump 152 that is adapted to pump saltwater into the saltwater receptacle 108 (i.e., saltwater tray) through the inlet 106. The pump 152 is fluidly coupled to the inlet 106. The pump 152 may be incorporated into the lid 150. The pump 152 may be directly attached to the saltwater inlet 106. The saltwater inlet 106 may be incorporated into the lid 150.
[0165] In one example embodiment the desalination device comprises an inlet valve, the inlet valve fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet and the valve being positioned upstream, the valve being controlled to regulate the amount of saltwater introduced into the saltwater receptacle such that amount of saltwater is within a predefined range.
[0166] The inlet 106, formed in the pumping lid 150 may further comprise an inlet valve 154 that is adapted to be opened or closed by a controller 160. The pump 152 may be controlled by the controller 160 to increase or decrease the saltwater introduced into the saltwater receptacle 108 to maintain a predefined level of saltwater within the receptacle 108. The valve 154 is optional. Preferably the pump 152 is directly attached to the lid 150 and the pump 152 is connected to the inlet in the lid 150.
[0167] Referring to Figure 4, the controller 160 may be operatively coupled to the elevation mounts 114, 116. In one example configuration the elevation mounts 114, 116 may be adjusted in length to adjust the height of the desalination device 100. The elevation mounts may be independently controlled to adjust the tilt angle of the desalination device 100. The mounts 114, 116 elevation E is controlled by the controller 160. The elevation mounts 114, 116 may comprise an appropriate actuator e.g., a stepper motor or other actuator that can control a height adjusting mechanism e.g., a telescoping mechanism or a piston or a gear assembly to adjust the height of each mount.
[0168] Figure 4 illustrates the pumping lid in an open position. Arrow B illustrates the pivoting action of the lid 150 when the lid if closed. The lid 150 may be pivotably attached to the casing 152 by an appropriate pivot. Alternatively, the lid 150 may be closed by linearly moving the lid onto the open end.
[0169] Figure 4 illustrates a sealing arrangement 164. The sealing arrangement 164 may define a connection mechanism between the pumping lid 150 and the casing 100. The connection mechanism may comprise two L shaped sections that interconnect or partially overlap or nest within each other and a clamp that clamps the two L shaped sections. The overlapping L shaped sections are shown in Fig. 4.
[0170] The seal 138 of the casing 102 and the seal 168 of the pumping lid 150 are complementary in size and shape. Figure 4 illustrates the seals being separated when the lid is open or disconnected. Figure 4 illustrates the overlapping lips of the two seals 138, 168 when the lid 150 is in a closed position. Each seal 138, 168 comprises an extending lip. The extending lip of each seal is complementary and fits in an overlapping manner in a closed position as shown at 166. The seals 138, 168 fit together to form a waterproof and airtight seal to avoid leakage of saltwater or collected freshwater from the device 100.
[0171] Figure 5 illustrates an exploded view of the desalination device 100 labelled YY. The assembled view is labelled XX. Referring to Figure 5, the casing 102 and two lids. The lids may be openable and act as closures. The first lid 150 i.e., pumping lid includes a pump 152 attached to the lid 150. The pump 150 pumps seawater into the receptacle (evaporation tray) 108. The pumping lid 152 may include one or more seals e.g., an O ring or gasket. The pumping lid 150 may include a compression strap 502. The compression strap 502 may be part of the compression mechanism 190 described earlier. The compression strap 502 can be used to apply a force to the casing 102 (i.e., the pipe section 102) to make the cross-section shape more elliptical. The device may comprise two horizontal struts 194. Each of the struts can function as compression rods to compress the casing.
[0172] An optional weir tray 504 may be provided downstream of the pumping lid 150. As shown in Figure 5, the evaporation tray 108 is in fluid communication with a collection tray 506. The collection tray 506 can collect the remaining salt water or brine or salt. A salt pocket 508 is in fluid communication with collection tray 506. The salt pocket 508 is configured collect salt or brine from the evaporation tray 108. A brine output pipe 510 is in fluid communication with the salt pocket 508 to direct away brine collected in the salt pocket 508. The device 100 comprises an end lid 170 that encloses the evaporation tray 108 inside the casing 102.
[0173] As shown in Figure 5, illustrates the first and second mounts 114, 116 i.e., supports that are adapted to support the casing 102. The mounts may include one or more jacks that can be actuated to change the height of the mounts to tilt the casing. Tilting the casing causes the salt water to collect in a specific area of the receptacle 108 (i.e., evaporation tray) . The device 100 comprises a freshwater outlet 112 attached to a lower portion of the casing 102. As shown in Figure 5, the device 100 comprise three freshwater outlets 112 fluidly connected to the freshwater water receptacle 110 in the casing 102.
[0174] The desalination device 100 comprises one or more sensors 156 or 158 as shown in Figure 5. The sensors may be located in the receptacle 108. The sensors 156, 158 may be electrically coupled to the controller 160. The sensors may be elongate strips with one or more transducers that may be integrated into or coupled to the receptacle 108. In one example, the sensors in the device 100 may also include at least one salinity sensor 530 that are configured to sense the salinity of the water or brine coming off the evaporation tray 108. Optionally, the device 100 may also include light sensors that may detect the intensity of the light in the casing 102.
[0175] The pump 152 is adapted to draw saltwater from a saltwater reservoir R e.g., the ocean and pump saltwater into the saltwater receptacle 108. The pump 152 speed is varied by the controller 160 to maintain a predefined level of saltwater in the receptacle 108. The desalination device 100 may optionally comprise one or more screens upstream of the pump 152 to filter out marine life or other potential contaminants.
[0176] The desalination device 100 may comprise at least one level sensor 156 The level sensor 156 may be positioned at one end of the device 100. The level sensor 156 is adapted to sense the water level in the saltwater receptacle 108. The level sensor 156 may comprise an optical sensor or capacitive sensor or a mechanical sensor e.g., a float. The sensor 156 is configured to communicate the sensed water level to the controller 160. The device 100 operates in a closed loop manner where water level is sensed by the sensor 156 and the controller 160 controls the pump 152 accordingly to maintain a predefined level or saltwater in the saltwater receptacle 108. Optionally, the controller 160 may control the optional valve 154 and the pump 152 to control the amount of saltwater introduced into the tray 108.
[0177] In one example, the water level sensor 156 may be positioned downstream of the saltwater inlet 106. Preferably the water level sensor 156 may be positioned at a far end of the saltwater receptacle i.e., the most far end that is downstream of the inlet 106 or downstream of the pump 152. This is advantageous as it allows accurate measurement of water level and maintains an appropriate amount of saltwater in the receptacle.
[0178] The device 100 may also comprise a temperature sensor 158 to measure the temperature of the saltwater in the saltwater receptacle 108. The temperature measured by the sensor 158 may be transmitted to the controller 160. The controller 160 is configured to control the pump to regulate the water level. The pump 152 may be controlled to regulate the water level in the receptacle 108 based on the sunlight and temperature of the water in the receptacle 108 i.e., evaporation tray 108.
[0179] In one example mode of operation all saltwater may be evaporated until the end of the silo. The pump 152 may be controlled to keep pumping saltwater to evaporate a set amount of saltwater or to maintain a predefined level. The controller 160 may control the pump to maintain a level of saltwater based on the measured level.
[0180] The controller 160 may be configured to control the pump 152 to introduce saltwater into the receptacle to control the salinity of the brine or excess water. The sensors 156, 158 and optionally other sensors such as at least one salinity sensor 530 measure various data such as temperature, salinity level and water level. The feedback from the sensors is used by the controller 160 to control the inflow of salt water into the receptacle. The controller 160 may be programmed to control the inflow of salt water in order to achieve a predefined salinity at the brine outlet 532. In another example the controller 160 may be programmed to use feedback from the sensors 156, 158 to control the inflow of saltwater to achieve a predefined amount of freshwater in the freshwater receptacle 110.
[0181] The controller 160 is configured to receive a water level set point and control the pump to introduce saltwater into the receptacle based on the difference between the measured water level and the water level set point.
[0182] In another example, the controller 160 is configured to receive a water level and a saltwater temperature set point. The controller 160 is further configured to control the pump to introduce saltwater into the receptacle based on the difference between the measured water level and the water level set point and based on the difference between the measured saltwater temperature and the saltwater temperature set point. Optionally, the device 100 may also include one or more ambient temperature sensors. The ambient temperature measured by the ambient temperature sensors may be used by the controller 160 to operate the pump 150 to control the inflow of seawater to achieve a desired amount of freshwater and a desired salinity of the brine that is output from the tray 108, while utilising ambient temperature measurement. For example, the inflow of saltwater may be higher if the ambient temperature is high indicating faster evaporation rate.
[0183] In a further example operation, the pump 152 may be controlled such that no water is left in the saltwater receptacle 108. The pump 152 may receive feedback from sensor 156 and may be controlled to regulate the saltwater amount in the tray 108 to a predefined level such that all the saltwater is evaporated.
[0184] The salt deposits can be cleaned out of the saltwater receptacle 108 (i.e., evaporation tray 108) via an appropriate cleaning tool e.g., a scrapper or other tool.
[0185] Figure 14 illustrates additional detail of the desalination device 100, in particular a rear portion of the device 100. Referring to Figure 14, the salt pocket 508 is shown. The salt pocket 508 is located at a rear of the casing 102. The salinity sensor 530 is positioned between the salt pocket 508 and the brine outlet 532. The salinity sensor 530 is adapted to sense the salinity of the brine in the salt pocket 508. The salt pocket 508 is a key component that collects the brine and directs it out of the outlet 508.
[0186] Figure 6 illustrates a further example of the desalination device 100. The desalination device 100 may comprise a pumping lid 150, a desalination module 108, a salt removal module 180 and a nutrient enrichment module 182. As shown in Figure 6, these components may be located within the casing 102. The desalination module may be the saltwater receptacle 108 and the freshwater receptacle 110.
[0187] The salt removal module 180 may be an optional device. The salt removal module 180 may be configured to remove excess salt from the freshwater. Collected freshwater in the desalination device 100 may be passed through the salt removal module 180 to remove excess remaining salt. The salt removal module 180 may comprise chemicals or other agents that chemically remove salt from the water leaving pure freshwater. The nutrient enrichment module 182 may be located within the casing 102 as shown in Figure 6.
[0188] The nutrient enrichment module 182 may comprise one or more nutrients that promote plant growth and / or soil fertility. In use, freshwater from at least desalination device is passed through the nutrient enrichment module 182 such that the one or more nutrients are added to the freshwater as it passes out of the freshwater outlet 112. The controller 160 may be operatively coupled to the nutrient enrichment module 182 and may be configured to control the module to release nutrients at appropriate times and in appropriate quantities. The controller 160 may be adapted to control the nutrient enrichment module 182 to release nutrients to achieve freshwater with an appropriate concentration of nutrients. In one example nutrient enrichment may be achieved by nutrient harvesting from the salt brine as well as other methods including the use of algae in the water reservoir or storage.
[0189] Optionally, the controller 160 may control the salt removal module to remove an appropriate amount of salt to achieve a predefined salt concentration in the freshwater by controlling the water flow in through the facility. Alternatively, the controller 160 may be configured to activate and control the salt removal module to remove all salt and ocean deposits on the saltwater receptacle 108.
[0190] At least an embodiment of the desalination device has the advantage of generating freshwater from saltwater using only sunlight, in particular UV rays from the sun that are concentrated onto the saltwater. The desalination device is also advantageous due to the ovate cross section that directs UV rays onto the saltwater to heat the saltwater to evaporate the saltwater without the need of external heaters etc.
[0191] The desalination device 100 is advantageous as it does not require additional external power or energy to convert saltwater to freshwater, and the desalination device collects freshwater within the device without requiring any additional extra tanks etc. The desalination device 100 requires less energy input and does not require external energy to heat the saltwater.
[0192] The desalination device 100 is also advantageous as it does not require any additional cooling devices such as fans or coolers to cool the water vapour. Cooling occurs passively without any additional energy input e.g., by a fan or cooler or other similar cooling devices. This is advantageous as it reduces energy requirements and makes the desalination device simpler to construct.
[0193] The desalination device 100 does not include any moving parts of additional devices for heating or cooling. Heating and cooling occur passively reducing any external energy inputs. Further no moving parts means the device 100 is simpler to construct and can be scaled easily.
[0194] In one example embodiment a desalination system comprises at least a first desalination device and at least a second desalination device. Each desalination device may comprise a casing, wherein the casing comprises a transparent upper region, a saltwater inlet formed in the casing, a saltwater receptacle located within the casing and fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, the saltwater receptacle adapted to receive saltwater from the saltwater inlet, wherein the casing comprises an ovate shaped cross section, a freshwater receptacle positioned under the saltwater receptacle and adapted to collect freshwater, and; a freshwater outlet in fluid communication with the freshwater receptacle. Each desalination device in the system may be like the device 100 described earlier. The first desalination device may be removably couplable to the second desalination device via the couplings and the connection forming a sealed connection between the first desalination device and the second desalination device.
[0195] The desalination system is advantageous because it allows for multiple desalination devices to be coupled together and remove salt from a large volume of saltwater. The system comprises modular desalination devices that can be removably coupled to each other. The modular arrangement is advantageous as it can be expanded i.e., extended to any length depending on the need of the site. The size of the desalination system i.e., the number of desalination devices required can customised to generate a required amount of freshwater.
[0196] As explained earlier the desalination device 100 may comprise multiple sensors. Figure 15 illustrates an example of multiple sensors that are positioned in the evaporation tray 108 (i.e., receptacle 108) or in the collection tray. Referring to Figure 15, at least three sensors 540, 542, 544 are positioned in the collection tray 506. The sensors 540-544 may be provided in addition to sensors 156, 158 described above. The collection tray 506 may function as a sensor tray since sensors 540-544 are disposed in the tray 506.
[0197] Referring to Figure 15, the sensors 540, 542 and 544 are spaced from each other. The sensors 540-544 are located at predefined positions. The sensors 540-544 may be positioned at strategic locations and heights to prevent overflow of water. The sensor positions are suited for the low energy profile of the device 100 i.e., no external power used in the device 100. The sensors 540-544 may be operatively coupled to the controller 160. The controller 160 is configured to utilise the sensor readings from sensors 540-544 (and optionally in combination with sensors 156, 158) to control the amount of water provided into the receptacle 108. The water pumped into the evaporation tray 108 (i.e., receptacle 108) is controlled by the controller 160 based on the sensor readings to maximise the output of freshwater.
[0198] Sensors A, B, C correspond to sensors 540, 542 and 544 respectively. Referring to Figure 16 the controller 160 controls the pump to ensure the water is maintained between sensor B and C. Sensor B is 542 and sensor C is 544. This control means the water is not overfilled and the controller 160 avoids overspilling. As shown in Figure 16 the water level W is maintained in the tray 108 while avoiding overspill.
[0199] Referring to Figure 16, the evaporation rate can vary across the tray. The evaporation rate may be highest toward the end of the evaporation tray 108, or alternatively, the evaporation rate may change during the time of day as based on the amount of sunlight exposure (e.g. highest at around midday) . The level of water in the tray is controlled based on sensors 540-544 (sensors A-C) to ensure there is an appropriate amount of water to evaporate. Managed overflow is a function of the controller 160 to manage water on the evaporation tray so that there is some periodic dripping of brine into the pocket. This allows assessment if the water that remains at the end of the tray has reached a salinity target value. The controller 160 may receive a salinity measure from the salinity sensor D i.e., sensor 530 and control the pump to control the water level in the tray 108 such that a desired level of salinity is achieved. The salinity sensor 530 readings can be used to control the water introduced into tray 108 to achieve a desired level of salinity after water is evaporated.
[0200] Figure 7 illustrates a desalination system 300 both a top view and a side view. The desalination system 300 may comprise a plurality of desalination devices 100 that may be removably coupled together. As shown in Figure 7, the multiple desalination devices 100 that are coupled in a series arrangement. The desalination system 300 may be a modular system where any number of desalination devices may be coupled together, and the number can be adjusted. The device 300 may be coupled such that they form a continuous structure as shown in Figure 7. The system may comprise a beginning section 310, a modular section 312 (i.e., middle section) and an end section 314. Each section may be a desalination device 100. The sections 310-314 may be physically coupled together by couplings or clips and may be disconnectable from each other. The sections 310-314 are also in fluid communication. Saltwater e.g., seawater can be fed into the beginning section 310, through the modular section and out of the end section 314. The saltwater may be evaporated in each section and freshwater may be collected. At the end any left-over brine or salt can be removed from the system 300.
[0201] Figure 8 illustrates an example desalination system 300. The desalination system 300 may comprise multiple desalination devices 100. The desalination devices 100 may be arranged in a parallel arrangement. The outlets i.e., freshwater outlets of each desalination device 100 may be fluidly coupled to a nutrient enrichment module 182. The nutrient enrichment module 182 may be fluidly coupled to multiple desalination devices 100. In use, the nutrient enrichment module may be configured to receive freshwater from multiple desalination devices 100. The nutrient enrichment module 182 is configured to add nutrients to freshwater from the desalination devices 100 and expel the enriched water from an outlet 302. Alternatively, the nutrient enrichment module 182, or some examples of each, may also be used to store brine which may be obtained from the freshwater outlets of each desalination device 100. In these examples, the brine may contain salts and other available nutrients, substances or minerals that could be useful for other uses or processes, including agriculture, industrial, aquaculture etc.
[0202] A desalination system 300 that includes multiple desalination devices is advantageous in usage scenarios where a plurality of desalination devices may be connected to perform its desalination function of a large volume of seawater (or other types of salt or brackish water) , and generate freshwater by processing a large volume of seawater.. The modular nature of each of the plurality of the desalination system may allow its installation to be adapted for each unique geography of a particular terrain or environment, including long straights, curves, spirals, snakes or any other shape which the terrain or environment is best suited
[0203] In one example the nutrient enrichment module 182 is located outside the desalination device 100. For example, a nutrient enrichment module 182 may be fluidly coupled downstream of the freshwater outlet of each desalination device 100. In another example, a nutrient enrichment module 182 may be fluidly coupled to the freshwater outlet and fluidly coupled to a freshwater tank, and wherein the nutrient enrichment module 182 may enrich freshwater from the desalination device 100 prior to storage in the freshwater tank. Alternatively, the nutrient enrichment module 182 may be located within the desalination device 100.
[0204] Optionally, the system 300 may also comprise a salt removal module that is adapted to remove any residual salt from the freshwater. The salt removal module may be located downstream before the lid. The desalination devices 100 may be positioned in any suitable arrangement and may be interconnected to allow saltwater to flow from the tray 108 of one desalination device into the tray of an adjacent connected desalination device. This interconnected arrangement can provide an increased evaporation surface area as the saltwater can flow between the various saltwater receptacles. Optionally, freshwater collected may flow from one desalination device to the next one. The interconnected arrangement also provides a greater area to collect freshwater.
[0205] The desalination system 300 may be utilised in a land restoration system 400. Figure 9 illustrates an example land restoration system 400. The land restoration system 400 may be used on degraded land near a saltwater source e.g., near an ocean. The land restoration system can be used to convert saltwater into freshwater by desalination and use the freshwater to restore soil and land to make the land more fertile and productive.
[0206] The land restoration system comprises one or more solar panels 402. The solar panels 402 may be deployed strategically across the land to capture solar energy efficiently and convert this to power i.e., electricity. The system may comprise an energy distribution network to deliver the generated electricity to other components of the system that require power.
[0207] The land restoration system 400 comprises one or more energy storage devices 404. The energy storage devices 404 may be batteries that can store the electricity generated by the solar panels 402. Optionally the system 400 may comprise one or more saltwater batteries that may store surplus power generated by the solar panels. The system 400 may also comprise an intelligent energy management system that is adapted to monitor energy production, storage and consumption. The energy management system may be further adapted to optimise energy usage and ensure continuous operation of the land restoration system 400 and its components.
[0208] The land restoration system 400 may comprise one or more desalination devices 100. The desalination devices 100 may be arranged in any suitable configuration, such as in series, parallel, both or in any configuration suited to the usage and / or environment. The desalination devices 100 can draw saltwater from a saltwater reservoir R e.g., the ocean and convert the saltwater into freshwater. Optionally, the system 400 may comprise a single pump positioned in the reservoir R that is configured draw saltwater from the reservoir and provide it to one or more desalination devices.
[0209] The system 400 may further comprise a water distribution network comprising a plurality of pipes to distribute freshwater from the desalination devices i.e., desalination silos to other components and for use in irrigation or crop growth. The pipes may use PMMA-Rezyklat irrigation pipes to reduce plastic waste. The desalination devices 100 produce freshwater from saltwater by desalinating the saltwater using sunlight (i.e., UV rays) . The pipe network may comprise one or more valves that may be automatically controlled to direct water to the appropriate components.
[0210] The system 400 may comprise one or more freshwater reservoirs configured to store freshwater generated in the desalination devices. The desalination devices 100 may be fluidly coupled to the one or more freshwater reservoirs via a suitable pipe network.
[0211] The land restoration system 400 may comprise one or more nutrient enrichment modules 182. As shown in the example of Figure 9, each desalination device 100 is coupled to a nutrient enrichment module 182. The nutrient enrichment modules 182 each are configured to add nutrients, such as organic matter or fertilisers to the freshwater from the desalination devices. The nutrient enrichment module may also include other water treatments including plant or organism material treatment whose reservoirs or constructed wetlands. The system may optionally comprise a nutrient enrichment park where the freshwater from the devices 100 may be outputted to. The freshwater in these parks can be enhanced by adding nutrients. The nutrient enriched water can be used to irrigate crops or used in greenhouses. The nutrient enriched water can be sprayed on soil to improve the nutrient profile of eroded or arid land.
[0212] The land restoration system 400 may comprise at least one greenhouse 406. The system 400 may comprise multiple greenhouses. Each greenhouse 406 may be climate controlled and equipped with advanced climate control systems including temperature, humidity and light control. The greenhouses facilitate rapid growth of seedling and young plants which can be used to restore arid land. A dedicated area within the greenhouse may be reserved for plant propagation and nurturing seedlings. Freshwater from the desalination devices 100 and / or nutrient enriched freshwater may be used in the greenhouse 406. The greenhouse 406 may be powered from electricity generated by the solar panels 402.
[0213] The land restoration system 400 further comprises an irrigation system 408. The irrigation system 408 may be a drip irrigation system that may extend across specific areas of arid or eroded land that required targeted restoration. The drip irrigation system 408 receives freshwater or nutrient enriched freshwater from the desalination devices 100. The irrigation system 400 may comprise sensors to monitor soil moisture levels. The irrigation system 408 may be controlled to maintain soil moisture levels above a minimum threshold. The irrigation system 408 helps to provide freshwater where required while also conserving water.
[0214] The land restoration system 400 is a modular system where one or more components can be added or removed from the system. The system 400 may also include self-managed control points adapted to automate certain tasks such as when the irrigation system 408 is switched on or when the pump of each desalination device is activated. The land restoration system 400 can be scaled to be used on various sized lands. The land restoration system 400 is advantageous as it is a modular and scalable system that can be used to restore arid land. The system generates power and does not require additional external power which makes the system low impact to the energy grid. The system 400 uses the desalination devices 100 to generate freshwater using sunlight and no additional energy. Freshwater may be enriched with nutrients and can be used to improve the fertility of arid or eroded land.
[0215] The desalination system 300 may be IOT connected, as shown in Figure 17. The system 300 may comprise a device management server 500 that provides a dashboard, as shown in Figure 17. The dashboard 502 may be adapted to display the sensor readings from each desalination device including salinity level of the brine or water in each desalination device. The operation of the pumps may be displayed on the dashboard 502. The dashboard may be a user interface and presented on a screen or on a user device e.g., a smartphone or tablet. A user can connect to the device management server 500 and individually manage any one or more desalination devices in the system 300. Each device 100 of the system 300 may be IOT connected. The system 300 including the dashboard is advantageous as it allows remote management of one or more desalination devices 100. The server 500 and dashboard 502 allows a user to generate a requisite amount of freshwater.
[0216] It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that numerous variations and / or modifications may be made to the invention as shown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.
[0217] Any reference to prior art contained herein is not to be taken as an admission that the information is common general knowledge, unless otherwise indicated.
Claims
1.A desalination device comprising:a casing,wherein the casing comprises a transparent upper region,a saltwater inlet formed in the casing,a saltwater receptacle located within the casing and fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, the saltwater receptacle adapted to receive saltwater from the saltwater inlet,wherein the casing comprises an ovate shaped cross section,a freshwater receptacle positioned under the saltwater receptacle and adapted to collect freshwater, and;a freshwater outlet in fluid communication with the freshwater receptacle.2.The desalination device of claim 1, wherein the casing comprises an elliptical cross section.3.The desalination device of claim 1, in use, the saltwater is evaporated from the saltwater receptacle due to exposure to UV rays from the upper region of the casing,water from the saltwater being evaporated into water vapour from the saltwater receptacle leaving salt in the saltwater receptacle,the water vapour condensing into freshwater, along inner surfaces of the casing, and;the condensed freshwater collecting within the freshwater receptacle.4.The desalination device of claim 3, wherein an inner surface of the casing comprises a lining that is adapted to cool water vapour evaporated from the saltwater receptacle and wherein the lining comprises a heat resistant and heat absorbing material.5.The desalination device of claim 1, wherein the saltwater receptacle comprises a dark coloured material or a dark coloured ceramic material.6.The desalination device of claim 5, wherein the lining is adhered to or moulded onto the inner surface of the casing, and the lining is located below the midline of the casing; and where in use, the lining absorbing heat from the water vapour causing condensation of the vapour into freshwater.7.The desalination device of claim 6, comprising a pump in fluidly coupled to the inlet valve, the pump configured to pump saltwater from a saltwater reservoir into the saltwater receptacle to maintain a predefined amount of saltwater in the saltwater receptacle.8.The desalination device of claim 7, comprising:a pump fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet,a water level sensor positioned in the saltwater receptacle and adapted to measure the level of saltwater in the saltwater receptacle,wherein the pump is configured to regulate the amount of saltwater introduced into the saltwater receptacle such that the amount of saltwater is maintained within a predefined range.9.The desalination device of claim 8, wherein the saltwater receptacle comprises a heat conductive material configured to heat up when exposed to UV rays from the upper region of the casing.10.The desalination device of claim 9, wherein the saltwater receptacle is angled downward away from saltwater inlet wherein the receptacle adjacent the saltwater inlet is higher than an opposing end of the receptacle.11.The desalination device of claim 10, comprising at least one support extending from and attached to an inner surface of the casing and the support adapted to support the saltwater receptacle.12.The desalination device of claim 1 comprising a vertical strut and a horizontal strut insertable into the casing, wherein the vertical strut maintains a fixed length for the major axis of the casing.13.The desalination device of claim 1 comprising a compression mechanism, the compression mechanism positioned on either side of the casing and mounted on a horizontal strut passing through the casing, in use, the compression mechanism adapted to exert a compressive force on the sides of the casing to compress the sides.14.The desalination device of claim 13 wherein the casing changes cross section shape from a circular cross section to an elliptical cross-sectional shape when the compressive force is applied by the compression mechanism.15.The desalination device of claim 8 comprising one or more of: a water level sensor, a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature of water in the receptacle, a salinity sensor located in or on the receptacle and an ambient temperature sensor.16.The desalination device of claim 15 comprising a controller, the controller operatively coupled to the one or more sensors and operatively coupled to the pump, and the controller is configured to control the pump to regulate the amount or flow rate of saltwater introduced into the receptacle based on measurements from the one or more sensors.17.The desalination device of claim 16 wherein the controller is configured to:receive a water level set point,control the pump to introduce saltwater into the receptacle based on the difference between the measured water level and the water level set point.18.The desalination device of claim 17 wherein the controller is configured to:receive a water level and a saltwater salinity set point,control the pump to introduce saltwater into the receptacle based on the difference between the measured water level and the water level set point and based on the difference between the measured saltwater salinity set point and the saltwater salinity set point.19.A desalination system comprising:a first desalination device comprising:a casing,wherein the casing comprises a transparent upper region,a saltwater inlet formed in the casing,a saltwater receptacle located within the casing and fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, the saltwater receptacle adapted to receive saltwater from the saltwater inlet,wherein the casing comprises an ovate shaped cross section,a freshwater receptacle positioned under the saltwater receptacle and adapted to collect freshwater, and;a freshwater outlet in fluid communication with the freshwater receptacle,the casing comprising an elliptical cross section,wherein an inner surface of the casing comprises a lining that is adapted to cool water vapour evaporated from the saltwater receptacle, wherein the lining comprises a heat resistant and heat absorbing material,the casing comprises an oblique circular cylinder shape, and the saltwater receptacle comprising a base, side walls and an open top ;a second desalination device comprising:a casing,wherein the casing comprises a transparent upper region,a saltwater inlet formed in the casing,a saltwater receptacle located within the casing and fluidly coupled to the saltwater inlet, the saltwater receptacle adapted to receive saltwater from the saltwater inlet,wherein the casing comprises an ovate shaped cross section,a freshwater receptacle positioned under the saltwater receptacle and adapted to collect freshwater, and;a freshwater outlet in fluid communication with the freshwater receptacle,the casing comprising an elliptical cross section,wherein an inner surface of the casing comprises a lining that is adapted to cool water vapour evaporated from the saltwater receptacle, wherein the lining comprises a heat resistant and heat absorbing material,the casing comprises an oblique circular cylinder shape, and the saltwater receptacle comprising a base, side walls and an open top,wherein each desalination device comprises a coupling,the desalination system is a modular system wherein the first desalination device is removably couplable to the second desalination device via the couplings and the connection forming a sealed connection between the first desalination device and the second desalination device.20.The desalination system of claim 19 comprising:at least one nutrient enrichment module positioned within at least one desalination device or positioned between the two desalination devices or positioned at an outlet of each desalination device or attached to a freshwater storage facility, wherein the nutrient enrichment module is fluidly coupled to at least one desalination device, wherein the nutrient enrichment module comprising one or more nutrients that promote plant growth and / or soil fertility, and;in use, freshwater from at least desalination device is passed through the nutrient enrichment module such that the one or more nutrients are added to the freshwater as it passes out of the outlet; and;the at least one nutrient enrichment module is removably coupled to at least one desalination device.21.The desalination system of claim 19 operable in two modes,wherein in a first mode the pump is controlled to provide a minimal or predefined amount of saltwater to the saltwater catchment such that all the saltwater is evaporated,wherein in a second mode the pump is controlled to pump a larger volume of water such that some saltwater is not evaporated resulting in higher salinity water being located in the device and removable from the device, and;wherein the pump is controlled by a controller that is adapted to receive a water level of the saltwater from a water level sensor configured to measure a water level of saltwater in the saltwater catchment and the controller configured to operate the pump in the first mode or second mode based on feedback of the water level from the water level sensor.22.The desalination system of claim 19 wherein each desalination device comprising a compression mechanism, the compression mechanism positioned on either side of the casing and mounted on a horizontal strut passing through the casing, in use, the compression mechanism adapted to exert a compressive force on the sides of the casing to compress the sides and wherein the casing changes cross section shape from a circular cross section to an elliptical cross sectional shape when the compressive force is applied by the compression mechanism.
Citation Information
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