Metasurface structure antenna within waveguide

Abstract

Disclosed is a metasurface structure antenna within a waveguide. This metasurface structure antenna within a waveguide includes: a waveguide which has an opening formed at an end thereof and in which the width of the perimeter of a rectangular or circular structure gradually decreases from the end thereof; and a metamaterial antenna having a 3D stacked structure, mounted inside the waveguide and having negative (-) permittivity and permeability in a specific frequency band. The metamaterial antenna having a 3D stacked structure includes: k dielectric substrates, each having the same metal pattern formed thereon; a connector in which the k dielectric substrates having the metal pattern formed thereon are stacked in a 3D stacked structure and connected to each other by a signal line, the signal line being provided on a cylindrical center line; ground provided on an outer edge that surrounds the connector and the k dielectric substrates having a 3D stacked structure on which the metal pattern is formed; and port 1 and port 2 for input and output. The metasurface structure antenna having a 3D stacked structure within an open-ended waveguide having an opening formed at an end thereof (metamaterial antenna having a 3D stacked structure) may implement, while most existing metamaterial antennas have a planar array antenna structure in an M / W region, a metamaterial antenna having a 3D stacked structure, in which a plurality of dielectric substrates, each having a metal pattern, are stacked and mounted within an open ended waveguide which has an opening formed at an end thereof and in which the perimeter of a rectangle gradually decreases, thereby integrating electromagnetic waves and reducing the angle of a frequency, a direction in which the gain of the antenna increases, and the circuit size of the metamaterial antenna having a 3D stacked structure.

Description

Waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna

[0001] The present invention relates to a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure inside a waveguide, and more specifically, to a metasurface structure antenna inside a waveguide, which implements a 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna in which a plurality of dielectric substrates, each having a metal pattern, are laminated inside an open-ended waveguide in which a rectangular perimeter with an opening at the end gradually narrows, whereas most existing metamaterial antennas in the M / W region have a planar array antenna structure, thereby integrating electromagnetic waves and reducing the angle of frequency, the direction of increasing the gain of the antenna, and the circuit size of the 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna.

[0002] In 1968, Russian physicist Veselago proposed the theoretical possibility of double negative (DNG) materials, which have negative permittivity and permeability, and in which the Poynting vector of a plane wave is antiparallel to the phase velocity vector. Veselago proposed DNG materials and predicted that they would exhibit unusual properties such as Snell's law, the Doppler shift, and the reverse behavior of Cherenkov radiation. There are several types of DNG materials, including left-handed (LH) materials and negative index of refraction (NIR) materials. These materials are also called metamaterials, LH materials, and backward-wave materials.

[0003] Metamaterials or metasurfaces are materials that derive their properties from an artificial electromagnetic structure rather than the direct intrinsic properties of the material itself, in electromagnetism (including optics and photonics). Metamaterials / metasurfaces do not exist as natural materials; they are artificial electromagnetic structures with negative permittivity (ε) and magnetic permeability (μ) values ​​that embody electromagnetic properties in the form of metallic patterns on a dielectric substrate. When light shines on an object, the angle at which the light enters is called the angle of incidence, the angle at which it bends is called the angle of refraction, and the angle at which it is reflected is called the angle of reflection. Metamaterials are materials that utilize the angle of refraction, and they are materials whose refractive index, which indicates the degree of refraction, is a negative value. Table 1 lists the main properties of metamaterials with negative refractive indices.

[0004] 1. Chirality2. Big permittivity3. Big anisotropy4. Mixture of electric and magnetic energy5. Negative permittivity and permeability6. Big rf permittivity without magnetic material7. Stopband8. Slow wave (small wavelength)9. Control of characteristic impedance

[0005] In 1999, British JB Pendry reported that certain types of fine metallic antenna structures can effectively change the permeability (μ) to include negative values ​​in the very high frequency range, and he introduced a metallic structure with negative permeability (μ) and developed a periodic non-magnetic structure known as a metallic SRR (Sprit Ring Resonator). This is a proposal to mimic the magnetic response to light of a split ring resonator (SRR). The SRR structure is a magnetic LC resonator that responds like an antenna to a magnetic field passing through the center of a double ring. If the ring section has an inductance L and the gap between the inner and outer rings has a capacitance C, a sharp magnetic resonance occurs at a specific frequency proportional to 1 / LC. If the frequency response of the magnetic resonance is calculated as a change in permeability, the real number goes over to the negative side, resulting in a negative permeability at some frequency. Pendry discovered that by reducing the frequency at which the permittivity becomes negative and reducing the gap between the two frequencies by using a split structure made of metal wires, both permittivity and permeability become negative, resulting in a metamaterial with a negative refractive index, like an artificial atom. However, the phenomenon of negative refractive index and complete imaging have not yet been demonstrated in the light domain, and because the metamaterial structural material is still metal, the problem of loss due to electromagnetic wave absorption remains a major challenge.

[0006] In 2000, DR Smith of Duke University in the United States fabricated an artificial metamaterial composed of metal wire strips and SRRs during a demonstration experiment demonstrating negative refractive index (NRI) in the microwave region, and conducted the first experimental test of DNG material. However, the resonant medium using the wire strips and SRRs suffered from a narrow bandwidth due to loss.

[0007] The SRR structure can be replaced by a transmission circuit in the low-frequency (MHz to GHz) radio range rather than being equivalent to an electronic circuit.

[0008] In 2002, Caloz et al., Iyer, and Eleltheriades proposed a transmission line (TL) approach to metamaterials. In particular, they proposed composite right / left-handed (CRLH) materials as practical metamaterial elements for applications in the microwave and millimeter ranges.

[0009] UCLA University established a theory on metaelectromagnetic wave structures using transmission line structures and presented structures applied to antennas and various RF components.

[0010] In the academic world, it has been discovered through many experiments that the negative refractive index is realized in the near-infrared region due to the negative permittivity of metals, and most of them have a two-dimensional planar structure, and it is necessary to expand the structure of the antenna to three dimensions to observe the negative refraction phenomenon.

[0011] As a related prior art, patent registration number 10-2566517 is registered for “Waveguide structure for unit cell function verification and high-efficiency laminated patch antenna for radio-coupled metasurface device.”

[0012] Referring to Figure 1, the waveguide structure for verifying the unit cell function is

[0013] A laminated patch antenna comprising a unit cell array representing unit cells included in a radio-coupled metasurface; and

[0014] A waveguide comprising a rectangular waveguide, a tapered portion formed in a tapered shape whose width gradually narrows as it moves away from the rectangular waveguide, and a waveguide conversion portion formed in a rectangular waveguide standard compatible with a rectangular waveguide standard and connected to the tapered portion,

[0015] The above laminated patch antenna is mounted at the end of the opening where the square waveguide is in contact with the outside,

[0016] Each unit cell included in the above laminated patch antenna includes a receiving antenna that receives an RF signal through the waveguide,

[0017] The above receiving antenna comprises three receiving patches stacked and overlapping each other,

[0018] Each of the three stacked receiving patches above provides a waveguide structure for unit cell function verification formed in a shape in which a groove is formed, which is a portion cut out from a rectangular shape.

[0019] Additionally, the laminated patch antenna

[0020] A receiving antenna for receiving RF signals;

[0021] A phase shifter that shifts the phase of a signal received from the receiving antenna;

[0022] A polarization conversion switch that selects a phase-shifted signal as horizontally polarized or vertically polarized; and

[0023] It includes a transmitting antenna that transmits the horizontal polarization or vertical polarization to the outside,

[0024] The above receiving antenna comprises three receiving patches stacked and overlapping each other,

[0025] Each of the three stacked receiving patches is formed in a shape with a groove formed, which is a portion cut out from a rectangular shape.

[0026] However, most existing metamaterial antennas have a planar array structure, but a 3D layered structure metamaterial antenna in which a plurality of dielectric substrates, each equipped with a metal pattern, are stacked inside a rectangular waveguide has not been implemented.

[0027] (Patent Document 1) Patent Registration No. 10-2566517 (Registration Date: August 8, 2023), "High-efficiency laminated patch for waveguide structure and radio-coupled metasurface device for unit cell function verification," Agency for Defense Development

[0028]

[0029] The purpose of the present invention to solve the above problems is to provide a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure in which a plurality of dielectric substrates, each having a metal pattern, are laminated inside an open-ended waveguide having a rectangular perimeter with an opening formed at the end and gradually narrowing, whereas most existing metamaterial antennas in the M / W region have a planar array antenna structure, thereby integrating electromagnetic waves and providing a waveguide-internal metasurface structure antenna that reduces the angle of frequency, the direction of increasing the gain of the antenna, and the circuit size of the 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna.

[0030] To achieve the object of the present invention, a waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna comprises: a waveguide having an opening formed at an end and a periphery width of a rectangular or circular structure gradually narrowing from the end; and a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure mounted inside the waveguide and having a negative permittivity and permeability in a specific frequency band.

[0031] The metasurface structure antenna inside the waveguide of the present invention implements a 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna in which a plurality of dielectric substrates, each equipped with a metal pattern, are laminated inside an open-ended waveguide in which the perimeter of a rectangle with an opening at the end gradually narrows, whereas most existing metamaterial antennas in the M / W region have a planar array antenna structure, thereby integrating electromagnetic waves, and reducing the angle of the frequency, the direction of increasing the gain of the antenna, and the circuit size of the 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna.

[0032] Figure 1 is a perspective view showing a waveguide structure for verifying the function of a conventional unit cell.

[0033] Figure 2 is a drawing showing a waveguide of a rectangular structure.

[0034] Figure 3 is a drawing illustrating a metamaterial or metasurface: an artificial electromagnetic structure material with negative permittivity and permeability values ​​that implements electromagnetic properties as a metal pattern on a dielectric substrate.

[0035] FIG. 4 is a drawing showing a metamaterial antenna inside a waveguide according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention: a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure in which a square metal pattern with a hollow center is formed on a Teflon substrate and 10 of these metal patterns are repeated as a set.

[0036] FIG. 5 is a drawing of a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure that implements various metal patterns (metal patterns having a square-shaped frame structure with an empty center, a circular ring, a square-shaped diamond-shaped frame structure with an empty center, an octagonal circular ring structure with an empty center, and a triangular frame structure with an empty center) on a dielectric substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 6 shows the results of a 2.4 GHz meta-electromagnetic wave HFSS simulation (S-parameters, effective permittivity, effective permeability according to frequency) in an embodiment.

[0038] Figure 7 shows (a) the E Field of a normal waveguide filled with empty air inside the waveguide. Mode), (b) E Field of the metamaterial antenna (meta surface antenna) with a 3D layered structure inside the waveguide of the present invention This is an HFSS simulation figure showing the mode.

[0039] FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing (a) a meta surface antenna having a 3D laminated structure inside a waveguide of the present invention, and (b) a general waveguide structure in which the inside of the waveguide is filled with empty air.

[0040] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a metasurface antenna having a waveguide structure in which a metamaterial having various metal patterns is provided on a plurality of dielectric substrates having a 3D laminated structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 10 shows (a) the Electric Field (V / m) of a metasurface antenna inside a waveguide equipped with a metamaterial of a 3D layered structure (left), and (b) the Electric Field (V / m) of a general waveguide structure (air waveguide) in which the inside of the waveguide is filled with empty air (right).

[0042] Hereinafter, the configuration and operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0043] The present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various embodiments may be implemented in various forms. In the following description of the present invention, detailed descriptions of known technologies or configurations may be omitted if they are deemed to unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the attached drawings are numbered the same in different drawings when indicating identical configurations.

[0044] It should be understood that this study is not limited to specific examples, but includes all transformations, equivalents, or substitutes included in the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 2 is a drawing showing a waveguide of a rectangular structure.

[0046] A waveguide is a transmission line that uses air as an insulator to reduce the dielectric loss of a coaxial line and eliminates the center conductor that causes conductor loss.

[0047] Waveguides are generally rectangular in shape, although circular waveguides are also widely used. In the embodiment, an open-ended rectangular waveguide with an opening at the end and an open rectangular shape with a gradually narrowing perimeter in both the horizontal and vertical directions was used.

[0048] Waveguides have low loss and are advantageous for high-power transmission, but their cutoff frequency characteristics limit their ability to be made smaller.

[0049]

[0050] However, a is the length of the larger side of the width x height of the rectangle (wall length), and c is the speed of light ( m / sec), μ is the permeability of the material filling the waveguide, and ε is the permittivity of the material filling the waveguide.

[0051] For reference, the permittivity of air is 1 and the permeability is 1.

[0052] Figure 3 is a drawing illustrating a metamaterial or metasurface: an artificial electromagnetic structure material with negative permittivity and permeability values ​​that implements electromagnetic properties as a metal pattern on a dielectric substrate.

[0053] A metamaterial or metasurface is a material in electromagnetism (including optics and photonics) that derives its properties from an artificial electromagnetic structure rather than from the direct intrinsic properties of the material itself. Metamaterials / metasurfaces do not exist as natural materials; they are artificial electromagnetic structures with negative permittivity and permeability values ​​that embody electromagnetic properties as metallic patterns on a dielectric substrate.

[0054] Metamaterial antennas are also called metasurface antennas.

[0055] Metamaterials possess negative permittivity and permeability values ​​in specific frequency bands, allowing them to control the angles of reflected and transmitted waves. Recently, these metamaterials have been actively used in antenna technology, offering the advantages of increasing antenna gain and reducing antenna size. However, metamaterial antennas suffer from a narrow bandwidth.

[0056]

[0057] FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an antenna of a metamaterial structure according to Example 1 of the present invention: a square metal pattern is formed on a Teflon substrate, and a set of 10 such metal patterns are repeatedly laminated.

[0058] FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an antenna having a metamaterial structure inside a waveguide according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention: a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure in which a square metal pattern with a hollow center is formed on a Teflon substrate and 10 such metal patterns are repeated as a set.

[0059] A metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure in which identical metal patterns are formed on multiple dielectric substrates inside a waveguide and laminated has a negative permittivity and negative permeability.

[0060] In Example 1, the metamaterial antenna (meta surface antenna) is a 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna in which a square metal pattern with a hollow center is formed on each dielectric substrate (Teflon substrate) inside an open-ended waveguide, and k dielectric substrates (k = 2 to 490) on which the metal pattern is formed are repeatedly laminated as a set.

[0061] A metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure is connected to a connector, and a signal line ((+) electrode-feed line, which is itself a radiator) is provided on the center line of the connector, k dielectric substrates on which the metal pattern is formed laminated in a 3D laminated structure, a ground provided on an outer frame surrounding the connector, and port1 and port2 are provided.

[0062] The metal pattern formed on each dielectric substrate uses one of the following metals: gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu).

[0063] Each dielectric substrate uses one of the following substrates: Teflon substrate, FR4 substrate, or Duroid substrate.

[0064] FIG. 5 is a drawing of a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure that implements various metal patterns (metal patterns having a square-shaped frame structure with an empty center, a circular ring, a square-shaped diamond-shaped frame structure with an empty center, an octagonal circular ring structure with an empty center, and a triangular frame structure with an empty center) on a dielectric substrate according to another embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] A metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure has various metal patterns formed on a dielectric substrate, and the various metal patterns can be formed on the dielectric substrate in the form of a square frame structure with an empty center, a circular ring, a square diamond-shaped frame structure with an empty center, an octagonal circular ring structure with an empty center, and a triangular frame structure with an empty center.

[0066] Figure 6 shows the results of a 2.4 GHz meta-electromagnetic wave HFSS simulation (S-parameters, effective permittivity, effective permeability according to frequency) in an embodiment.

[0067] The 3D-laminated metamaterial antenna, in which the rectangular structure is gradually reduced and openings are formed at the ends of the rectangular structure, and identical metal patterns are formed on multiple dielectric substrates inside the open-ended waveguide, resonates around 2.4 GHz and operates as a metamaterial with negative permittivity (ε) and permeability (μ) values. is the reflection loss, represents the transmission coefficient.

[0068] Figure 7 shows (a) the E Field of a normal waveguide filled with empty air inside the waveguide. Mode), (b) E Field of the metamaterial antenna (meta surface antenna) with a 3D layered structure inside the waveguide of the present invention This is an HFSS simulation figure showing the mode.

[0069] (a) The E field of a normal waveguide with the interior filled with empty air is The mode is dominant, and the cutoff frequency of the antenna is formed very high (Ex 5.8 GHz).

[0070] (b) The E Field of the metamaterial antenna (meta surface antenna) of the 3D laminated structure inside the waveguide of the present invention The mode is dominant, and the cutoff frequency of the metamaterial antenna with a 3D layered structure is set relatively low (Ex. 2.3 GHz), so the circuit size of the metamaterial antenna can be miniaturized.

[0071] * Waveguide field mode

[0072] (1) TE mode (Transverse Electric Field / Wave): There is a magnetic field component in the direction in which the wave is induced in the waveguide, but no electric field component.

[0073] That is, only the electric field is induced perpendicular to the direction (Ez = 0, Hz ≠ 0)

[0074] As the most stable single mode, the mode with the lowest frequency:

[0075] * : Mode Index m,n

[0076] - m: Number of half-wave changes in the long axis (x-axis) direction [means how many electric field peaks (highest values) there are in the long axis (x-axis) direction]

[0077] - n: Number of half-wave changes in the short-axis (y-axis) direction [means how many electric field peaks (highest values) there are in the short-axis (y-axis) direction]

[0078] (2) TM mode (Transverse Magnetic Field / Wave): There is an electric field component in the direction in which the wave is induced in the waveguide, but no magnetic field component.

[0079] That is, only the magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction in which it is induced (Ez ≠ 0, Hz = 0).

[0080] Waveguides are rectangular or circular waveguides, and have a cutoff frequency depending on the mode, and waves below the cutoff frequency cannot propagate.

[0081] For reference, the TE (Transverse Electric) mode refers to the case where only the electric field (E field) is perpendicular to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave propagates, and the transverse mode of electromagnetic radiation is a specific electromagnetic field pattern of radiation that exists in a plane that is perpendicular (i.e., transverse) to the direction of propagation of the radiation. Transverse modes are what generate radio waves and microwaves within waveguides.

[0082] For reference, TM (Transverse Magnetic) mode refers to the case where only the magnetic field (H field) is perpendicular to the direction in which the electromagnetic wave propagates.

[0083] FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing (a) a metasurface antenna (metamaterial antenna) equipped with a metamaterial of a 3D laminated structure of the present invention, and (b) a general waveguide structure in which the inside of the waveguide is filled with empty air.

[0084] A waveguide-internal metasurface structure antenna equipped with a 3D layered metamaterial structure

[0085] A waveguide having an opening formed at the end and having a perimeter of a rectangular or circular structure that gradually narrows from the end; and

[0086] It is mounted inside the above waveguide and includes a metamaterial antenna having a 3D layered structure having a negative permittivity and permeability in a specific frequency band.

[0087] The waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna

[0088] An open ended waveguide (11) having an opening at the end and a perimeter of a rectangular or circular structure that gradually narrows from the end; and

[0089] It comprises k dielectric substrates (20) mounted inside the waveguide (11), each having a metal pattern of the same shape formed on each dielectric substrate; k dielectric substrates having the metal patterns formed thereon are laminated in a 3D laminated structure, each of the k dielectric substrates (20) having the metal patterns formed thereon and a (+) electrode to which electromagnetic waves are applied are connected by a signal line (31), and a connector (30) having the signal line (31) provided on a cylindrical center line; a ground (70) provided on an outer rim surrounding the k dielectric substrates (20) having the metal patterns formed thereon in the 3D laminated structure and the connector (30); and a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure and having port 1 and port 2 for input and output.

[0090] The above waveguide (11) is a rectangular or circular waveguide (open ended waveguide) with an opening formed at the end and a perimeter width of a rectangular or circular structure that gradually narrows from the end.

[0091] A metamaterial antenna (meta surface antenna) having a 3D laminated structure is mounted inside an open-ended waveguide, and k dielectric substrates (20) each having a metal pattern formed thereon are laminated in a 3D laminated structure, and a metal pattern of the same shape is formed on each dielectric substrate (Teflon substrate), and the k metal patterns (k = 2 to 490) are repeated as a set, which is a metamaterial antenna having a 3D laminated structure.

[0092] A 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna (meta surface antenna) is connected to a connector (30) on k dielectric substrates (20) each having a metal pattern formed inside a waveguide, a signal line (31) is provided on the center line of the connector (30), and a ground, port 1, and port 2 are provided on the outer rim surrounding the 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna (20) and the connector (30).

[0093] In a metamaterial antenna with a 3D layered structure, the metal pattern formed on the dielectric substrate uses one of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu).

[0094] The k dielectric substrates (20) on which the metal pattern is formed are collectively made of one of a Teflon substrate, an FR4 substrate, or a Duroid substrate.

[0095] The connector (30) uses an SMA connector or N-type connector with a signal line provided on the cylindrical inner center line, and the signal line itself acts as a radiator as a (+) electrode-feed line.

[0096] The ground (70) uses one of the metals of aluminum (Al), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu). In the embodiment, aluminum (Al) was used for the ground.

[0097] The output of the metamaterial antenna of the above 3D laminated structure is 0.1 to 1 kW.

[0098] The metamaterial antenna of the above 3D laminated structure has a negative permittivity: 0 to -100 and a negative permeability: 0 to -100.

[0099] The specific frequency band of the metamaterial antenna of the above 3D laminated structure is 1 MHz to 80 GHz, and the bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna of the above 3D laminated structure is used to be at least 1 MHz to 2 GHz.

[0100] * Frequency band of 3D layered metamaterial antenna: 1 MHz ~ 80 GHz

[0101] * Bandwidth of 3D layered metamaterial antenna: at least 1 MHz to 2 GHz

[0102] * Output power of 3D layered metamaterial antenna: 0.1 to 1 kW

[0103] * 3D layered metamaterial antenna (meta surface antenna):

[0104] Negative permittivity: 0 to -100, negative permeability: 0 to -100

[0105] * Thickness of dielectric substrate: 0.1 to 10 mm

[0106] FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a metasurface antenna having a waveguide structure including a metamaterial having various metal patterns on a plurality of dielectric substrates having a 3D laminated structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0107] Among the above k dielectric substrates, various metal patterns formed on each dielectric substrate are formed in a structure of a square frame structure with an empty center, a single circular ring with an empty center, a square diamond-shaped frame structure with an empty center, an octagonal circular ring structure with an empty center, a triangular frame structure with an empty center, or a structure of ixj number of circular rings arranged in a horizontal (i) x vertical (j) arrangement spaced apart from each of the circular rings with an empty center at a certain distance.

[0108] Here, i is the number of circular rings in the horizontal direction, and j is the number of circular rings in the vertical direction.

[0109] Figure 10 shows (a) the Electric Field (V / m) of a metasurface antenna inside a waveguide equipped with a metamaterial of a 3D layered structure (left), and (b) the Electric Field (V / m) of a general waveguide structure (air waveguide) in which the inside of the waveguide is filled with empty air (right).

[0110] In the embodiment, a general waveguide structure antenna in the 2.4 GHz band used a size of 80 mm x 42 mm x 89.4 mm, and a metamaterial antenna with a 3D laminated structure provided inside an open-ended waveguide with an increasingly rectangular perimeter was reduced in size to 30 mm x 12 mm x 19.4 mm.

[0111] The general waveguide structure antenna has E field weak, antenna size big,

[0112] A 3D layered metamaterial antenna installed inside an open-ended waveguide with an opening at the end has an E field strong and a relatively small antenna size.

[0113] The 3D-laminated metamaterial antenna installed inside an open-ended waveguide with an opening at each end exhibited a size reduction rate of 94.08%. The 3D-laminated metamaterial antenna, in which dielectric substrates with metal patterns are laminated, can be reduced in size by 10 to 98%.

[0114] The 3D-laminated metamaterial antenna installed inside an open-ended waveguide with an opening at the end has a size reduction rate of 10 to 98% relative to a general waveguide structure antenna, and the E-field strength has increased by 50% (the E-field strength has increased by 10 to 90% depending on the metamaterial antenna circuit design with a metal pattern on each dielectric substrate - E-field strong).

[0115] Table 2 shows the applications of metamaterials.

[0116] FieldStructural principleStructural application fieldOpticsPhotonicsPBGnegative index of refractionDouble negative indexLeft handed rawBackward wavePhotonic crystalSuper lensFlat lensPerfect lensHigh resolution microscopic image photonic WG ->Optical elementTHzmmWaveMicrowaveHFEBGArtificial perfect mahneticconductorHigh impedance surfaceSurface wave suppressionEM crystalPeriodic pattern(1D,2D,3D)ㆍMushroomㆍFSS curveㆍHilbert cutveㆍPeano curveㆍSRRㆍDefected GNDAntenna performance improvementㆍHigh gain, directivityㆍSidelobe, backlobe, null suppressionAntenna small, flat High accuracy GPS antennaBase station polarizationDiversity antennaSmart antennaVarious electromagnetic wave sensorsPCB for EMI blockingMobile phone electromagnetic wave SAR reduction

[0117] A 3D laminated metasurface structure antenna (3D laminated metamaterial antenna) installed inside an open-ended waveguide having an opening at the end thereof is a 3D laminated metamaterial antenna in which a plurality of dielectric substrates, each having a metal pattern, are laminated inside an open-ended waveguide having a rectangular shape with an opening at the end thereof and a gradually narrowing perimeter, whereas most existing metamaterial antennas in the M / W region have a planar array antenna structure, thereby integrating electromagnetic waves and reducing the frequency angle, the direction in which the antenna gain is increased, and the circuit size of the 3D laminated metamaterial antenna. As described above, although the present invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the same configuration and operation as the specific embodiments in order to illustrate the technical idea as described above, and may be implemented by modifying various methods without departing from the technical idea and scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be determined by the claims set forth below.

[0118] [Explanation of symbols]

[0119] 11: open ended waveguide

[0120] 20: k dielectric substrates, each with a metal pattern of the same shape formed on each dielectric substrate.

[0121] 30: Connector with signal line on cylindrical center line (31)

[0122] 70: Grounding

[0123] The metasurface structure antenna inside the waveguide of the present invention implements a 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna in which a plurality of dielectric substrates, each equipped with a metal pattern, are laminated inside an open-ended waveguide in which the perimeter of a rectangle with an opening at the end gradually narrows, whereas most existing metamaterial antennas in the M / W region have a planar array antenna structure, thereby integrating electromagnetic waves, and reducing the angle of the frequency, the direction of increasing the gain of the antenna, and the circuit size of the 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna.

Claims

1. A waveguide having an opening at the end and a perimeter of a rectangular or circular structure that gradually narrows from the end; and A metamaterial antenna having a 3D layered structure mounted inside the above waveguide and having a negative permittivity and permeability in a specific frequency band; A waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna including a .

2. In paragraph 1, The above waveguide is a waveguide having an internal metasurface structure antenna characterized in that the waveguide is a rectangular or circular waveguide (open ended waveguide) having an opening formed at an end and a structure in which the circumference of the rectangular or circular structure gradually narrows from the end.

3. In paragraph 1, The metamaterial antenna of the above 3D laminated structure k dielectric substrates each having a metal pattern of the same shape formed on each dielectric substrate; k dielectric substrates having the metal patterns formed thereon are laminated in a 3D laminated structure; A connector having k dielectric substrates on which the above metal pattern is formed and a (+) electrode to which electromagnetic waves are applied, connected by a signal line, and having the signal line provided on a cylindrical center line; Grounding provided on the outer frame surrounding the connector and k dielectric substrates on which the metal pattern is formed; and A waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna including port1 and port2 for input and output.

4. In paragraph 1, A waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna characterized in that the output of the metamaterial antenna of the above 3D laminated structure is 0.1 to 1 kW.

5. In paragraph 1, The above 3D laminated structure metamaterial antenna is a waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna having a negative permittivity: 0 to -100 and a negative permeability: 0 to -100.

6. In paragraph 3, A waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna characterized in that the above k dielectric substrates collectively use one of a Teflon substrate, an FR4 substrate, or a Duroid substrate, and each dielectric substrate has a thickness of 0.1 to 10 mm.

7. In paragraph 3, A waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna, wherein the metal pattern formed on the dielectric substrate uses any one of gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu).

8. In paragraph 3, A waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna, wherein the various metal patterns formed on each of the k dielectric substrates are formed on the dielectric substrates in a structure of a square frame structure with an empty center, a single circular ring with an empty center, a square rhombus-shaped frame structure with an empty center, an octagonal circular ring structure with an empty center, a triangular frame structure with an empty center, or a structure of ixj number of circular rings arranged in a horizontal (i) x vertical (j) arrangement spaced apart from each of the circular rings with an empty center at a certain distance.

9. In paragraph 3, The above connector uses an SMA connector or an N-type connector with a signal line in a cylindrical inner center line, and the signal line is a (+) electrode-feed line, which itself acts as a radiator, and is a waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna.

10. In paragraph 3, The above grounding is a waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna using any one of aluminum (Al), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), silver (Ag), or copper (Cu).

11. In paragraph 1, A waveguide internal metasurface structure antenna characterized in that the specific frequency band of the metamaterial antenna of the above 3D laminated structure is 1 MHz to 80 GHz, and the bandwidth of the metamaterial antenna of the above 3D laminated structure is at least 1 MHz to 2 GHz.

12. The metamaterial antenna of the 3D laminated structure provided inside the waveguide A metasurface structure antenna inside a waveguide, in which the size of the antenna is reduced by 10 to 98% compared to a general waveguide structure antenna, and the E field strength is increased by 10 to 90% (E field strong) according to the metamaterial antenna circuit design in which a metal pattern is provided on each dielectric substrate in a 3D laminated structure.

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