Carbon crystal material and preparation method thereof, battery negative electrode lead paste, battery negative electrode plate and preparation method thereof, and lead-acid battery
The preparation of carbon crystal material for lead-acid batteries addresses low energy density and short cycle life by enhancing conductivity and mechanical stability, leading to improved discharge efficiency and extended cycle life.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/086735
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-12
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-01
- Publication Date
- 2025-10-16
AI Technical Summary
Traditional lead-acid batteries suffer from low energy density and short cycle life, limiting their application scope.
A method is developed to prepare a carbon crystal material by mixing a carbon source solution with a catalyst liquid, forming a gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor, and subjecting it to pre-sintering and high-temperature carbonization in an inert gas environment to grow carbon crystals, which are then integrated into a battery negative electrode lead paste and plate, enhancing conductivity and mechanical performance.
The carbon crystal material improves conductivity, specific surface area, and mechanical stability, resulting in higher discharge efficiency, energy density, and extended cycle life of lead-acid batteries.
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Figure CN2025086735_16102025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CARBON CRYSTAL MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, BATTERY NEGATIVE ELECTRODE LEAD PASTE, BATTERY NEGATIVE ELECTRODE PLATE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND LEAD-ACID BATTERYCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to and benefits of Chinese Patent Application No. 202410415517.0, filed on April 7, 2024, and Chinese Patent Application No. 202410758774.4, filed on June 12, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.FIELD
[0002] The present application relates to the field of batteries, and more particularly to a carbon crystal material and a preparation method thereof, a battery negative electrode lead paste, a battery negative electrode plate and a preparation method thereof, and a lead-acid battery.BACKGROUND
[0003] A lead-acid battery, as a common energy storage device, has been invented for about 100 years. The lead-acid battery has advantages of low cost, simple structure, convenient use, and abundant and easy availability of raw material resources, etc. The lead-acid battery plays an important role in chemical power sources, has become an indispensable energy product in social production and human life, and has been widely used in electric vehicles, electric bicycle, electric motorcycle, UPS power supplies and other fields. However, a traditional lead-acid battery has problems such as low energy density and short cycle life, which limits its application scope.SUMMARY
[0004] Various aspects of the present application provide a carbon crystal material and a preparation method thereof, a battery negative electrode lead paste, a negative electrode plate and a lead-acid battery to solve one or more of the above-mentioned problems.
[0005] A method for preparing a carbon crystal material is provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method includes mixing a carbon source solution with a catalyst liquid to form a gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor, subjecting the dispersion liquid precursor to pre-sintering and high-temperature carbonization treatment in a high-temperature tube furnace under an environment of inert gas protective gas to grow a carbon crystal, and introducing the inert gas protective gas into the high-temperature tube furnace continuously after growth of the carbon crystal, until a reaction temperature drops to room temperature to obtain the carbon crystal material.
[0006] In some embodiments, the carbon source solution is prepared by dispersing a biomass carbon source in water. The biomass carbon source includes one or more selected from glucose, sucrose, or starch, and a concentration of the biomass carbon source is 0.1 to 0.5 mol / L.
[0007] In some embodiments, the catalyst liquid is prepared from ferrocene and a hydrogen bond donor in a mass ratio of 1: 1 to 1.5: 1. The hydrogen bond donor includes one or more selected from xylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, glycerol, or urea.
[0008] In some embodiments, the preparation method further includes heating and stirring the catalyst liquid, and after the carbon source solution is mixed with the catalyst liquid to form a mixture, the mixture is further subjected to ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 10 to 20 min, allowed to stand for 12 to 24 h, and then heated and stirred to form the dispersion liquid precursor.
[0009] In some embodiments, heating and stirring the catalyst liquid is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 120℃ for 1 to 5h, and heating and stirring the mixture is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 120℃ for 1 to 5h.
[0010] In some embodiments, the pre-sintering is carried out by raising a temperature to 250 to 500℃ at a heating rate of 2 to 10℃ / min and heat preservation for 1 to 4h. The inert gas protective gas is argon or a composite protective gas mixed with argon and hydrogen.
[0011] In some embodiments, the growth of the carbon crystal is carried out by raising a temperature to 800 to 1, 250℃ at a heating rate of 2 to 10℃ / min and heat preservation for 2 to 6h under argon protective gas.
[0012] In some embodiments, the preparation method further includes cooling, washing, drying, grinding and sieving the carbon crystal material to form a micro-nano carbon crystal material.
[0013] The present application further provides a carbon crystal material, which is prepared by any one of the above-mentioned preparation methods.
[0014] The present application further provides a battery negative electrode lead paste. The battery negative electrode lead paste includes 0.5 to 2%of the above-mentioned carbon crystal material, 10 to 15%of red lead, 0.1 to 0.3%of high-strength short fiber, 0.1 to 0.3%of lignin, 0.1 to 1%of humic acid, 0.1 to 0.3%of stearic acid, 0.5 to 2%of barium sulfate, 10 to 15%of water, 10 to 13%of dilute sulfuric acid, and a balance of sponge lead. A sum of mass percentages of all components is 100%.
[0015] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.2 to 1%.
[0016] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.5 to 1%.
[0017] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.1 to 0.2%.
[0018] The present application further provides a method for preparing a battery negative electrode plate. The method includes mixing the above-mentioned carbon crystal material, high-strength short fiber, lignin, barium sulfate, stearic acid, humic acid, red lead and sponge lead evenly, adding water and adding dilute sulfuric acid followed by stirring to obtain a battery negative electrode lead paste, in which the battery negative electrode lead paste includes 0.5 to 2%of the carbon crystal material, 10 to 15%of the red lead, 0.1 to 0.3%of the high-strength short fiber, 0.1 to 0.3%of the lignin, 0.1 to 1%of the humic acid, 0.1 to 0.3%of the stearic acid, 0.5 to 2%of the barium sulfate, 10 to 15%of the water, 10 to 13%of the dilute sulfuric acid, and a balance of the sponge lead, in which a sum of mass percentages of all components is 100%, and molding the battery negative electrode lead paste to obtain a grid blank, and then subjecting the grid blank to a high-temperature curing process of 65 to 85℃ for 24 to 48h in a high-temperature curing furnace to obtain the battery negative electrode plate.
[0019] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.2 to 1%.
[0020] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.5 to 1%.
[0021] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.1 to 0.2%.
[0022] The present application further provides a battery negative electrode plate, which is prepared by the above-mentioned method for preparing the battery negative electrode plate.
[0023] The present application further provides a lead-acid battery, which is assembled with the above-mentioned battery negative electrode plate as a negative electrode.
[0024] In the embodiments of the present application, raw materials used in the method for preparing the carbon crystal material are common and easy to obtain. A reaction system involved has simple components, reaction conditions are controllable, and a preparation process is simple and easy. The method has advantages of environmental protection, has low requirements on equipment and is not subject to regional restrictions, and is suitable for large-scale industrial production of the carbon crystal material and subsequent battery negative electrode lead paste and battery negative electrode plate. More importantly, a cycle life and high current charging and discharging capacities of the lead-acid battery using this carbon crystal material have been improved.
[0025] Specifically, the carbon crystal material obtained by this preparation method can be used as an additive for the negative electrode of the battery, so as to improve the conductivity and a utilization rate of active materials of the electrode and optimize an electrode structure. Advantages of the present application include: (1) high conductivity: this carbon crystal material has excellent conductivity, and the carbon crystal materials arranged in an array can form a more compact conductive network and reduce an internal resistance of the battery, thus ensuring a smooth transmission of current inside the battery and improving a discharge efficiency and a power output of the battery; (2) high specific surface area: the micro-nano carbon crystal material has a large specific surface area, which can contact with more electrolyte, thus improving reactivity inside the battery and further increasing an energy density and a capacity of the battery; and (3) good mechanical performance: the carbon crystal material has excellent mechanical performance, and can be used as a structural support material for the battery, which helps to enhance stability of the battery and reduce a deformation and damage of the battery during charging and discharging, thus reducing performance attenuation of the battery during long-term use and prolonging the cycle life of the battery.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] The accompanying drawings described herein are intended to provide further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. Illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions serve to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application.
[0027] FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing a method for preparing a carbon crystal material according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0028] FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a carbon crystal material according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0029] FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a battery negative electrode plate according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0030] FIG. 4 is a graph showing a conventional cycle test of batteries of examples of the present application and comparative examples.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clear, the technical solution in the present application will be described clearly and completely in combination with specific embodiments and corresponding accompanying drawings in the present application below. Obviously, embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those ordinarily skilled in the art without creative labor belong to the scope of the protection of the present application.
[0032] It is also to be noted that terms “include” , “comprise” or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements does not only include those elements, but also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent in such a process, method, article or device. Without further restrictions, an element defined by a statement “including a…” does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device that includes the element.
[0033] Referring to FIG. 1, embodiments of the present application provide a carbon crystal material and a preparation method thereof. The method includes steps as follows.
[0034] In step S101, a carbon source solution is mixed with a catalyst liquid to form a gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor. In this step, the carbon source solution and the catalyst liquid are respectively prepared. For example, a biomass carbon source is dispersed in water to form the carbon source solution, and ferrocene and a hydrogen bond donor are mixed to form the catalyst liquid. In some embodiments of the present application, the biomass carbon source can be selected from one or more of glucose, sucrose, or starch. The carbon source solution is prepared in deionized water and a concentration of the biomass carbon source is 0.1 to 0.5 mol / L. Moreover, in some embodiments of the present application, ferrocene and the hydrogen bond donor are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 1 to 1.5: 1 to form the catalyst liquid. For example, ferrocene and the hydrogen bond donor are mixed in a mass ratio of 1: 1, 1.3: 1 or 1.5: 1, and stirred at a temperature of 60 to 120℃for 1 to 5h to form the catalyst liquid. The hydrogen bond donor may be, but is not limited to one of xylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, glycerol, and urea or a combination of these above-mentioned hydrogen bond donors.
[0035] It is worth noting that in the method for preparing the carbon crystal material provided in the embodiments of the present application, ferrocene, as an organometallic compound, has a π-coordination structure. That is, a special coordination bond is formed between a metallocene group and a transition metal iron, and this structure makes it play an important role in organic synthesis and catalytic reactions. In a subsequent step of synthesizing the carbon crystal material, vinyl derivative of ferrocene can undergo vinyl or olefinic bond polymerization to obtain a metal-containing polymer with a carbon chain skeleton. At the same time, ferrocene can also improve the performance and stability of the carbon crystal material.
[0036] In addition, in some embodiments of the present application, after the carbon source solution is mixed with the catalyst liquid to form a mixture, the mixture is further subjected to ultrasonic oscillation treatment, for example, ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 10 to 20 min, allowed to stand for 12 to 24h, and then heated and stirred to form the gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor.
[0037] Next, in step S103, the dispersion liquid precursor is subjected to pre-sintering and high-temperature carbonization treatment in a high-temperature tube furnace under an environment of inert gas protective gas to grow a carbon crystal. After the preparation of the gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor is completed, the gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor is pushed into the high-temperature tube furnace where a carrier is placed for pre-sintering and high-temperature carbonization growth treatment. For example, before or after the preparation of the gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor is completed, a washed and dried quartz sheet is loaded into a quartz tube as the carrier, and the quartz tube is put into a constant temperature zone in a middle of the high-temperature tube furnace for preheating. Subsequently, the quartz tube is taken out, the dispersion liquid precursor is loaded into the quartz tube loaded with the carrier at a uniform rate, and the quartz tube is put into the high-temperature tube furnace. Subsequently, the inert gas protective gas is introduced into the high-temperature tube furnace, and growth of the carbon crystal is carried out by pre-sintering and high-temperature carbonization growth treatment.
[0038] In some embodiments of the present application, the pre-sintering of the dispersion liquid precursor is carried out by raising a temperature to 250 to 500℃ at a heating rate of 2 to 10℃ / min and heat preservation for 1 to 4h under an environment of a composite protective gas mixed with argon and hydrogen, so as to complete the pre-sintering. The growth of the carbon crystal can be, but is not limited to, carried out by raising a temperature to 800 to 1, 250℃ at a heating rate of 2 to 10℃ / min and heat preservation for 2 to 6h under an environment of argon protective gas, so as to complete the high-temperature carbonization treatment.
[0039] In step S105, after growth of the carbon crystal is completed, the inert gas protective gas is introduced into the high-temperature tube furnace continuously until a reaction temperature drops to room temperature (room temperature generally ranges from 20 to 25℃) to obtain the carbon crystal material. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the carbon crystal material is shown in FIG. 2.
[0040] The carbon crystal material obtained by the above-mentioned preparation method can be applied to many aspects, for example, applied to preparation of a lead-acid battery, as a composition material of a battery negative electrode lead paste.
[0041] In some embodiments of the present application, the carbon crystal material, high-strength short fiber, lignin, barium sulfate, stearic acid, humic acid, red lead and sponge lead are mixed evenly. After water, such as deionized water, is added, dilute sulfuric acid, such as dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL, is added slowly. Next, a mixture in which raw materials are dispersed evenly is obtained by stirring until stirred to form a paste form to obtain a battery negative electrode lead paste.
[0042] The battery negative electrode lead paste includes 0.5 to 2%of the carbon crystal material, 10 to 15%of the red lead, 0.1 to 0.3%of the high-strength short fiber, 0.1 to 0.3%of the lignin, 0.1 to 1%of the humic acid, 0.1 to 0.3%of the stearic acid, 0.5 to 2%of the barium sulfate, 10 to 15%of the deionized water, and 10 to 13%of the dilute sulfuric acid. The rest is the sponge lead, and a sum of mass percentages of all components is 100%.
[0043] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.2 to 1%.
[0044] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.5 to 1%.
[0045] In some embodiments, the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.1 to 0.2%.
[0046] It is understandable that in the process for preparing the above-mentioned battery negative electrode lead paste, the carbon crystal material can be further cooled, washed and dried. After the carbon crystal material is ground and sieved to form a micro-nano carbon crystal material, the micro-nano carbon crystal material can be added into other materials for stirring. In this way, the micro-nano carbon crystal material has a high specific surface area in the battery negative electrode lead paste, thus improving conductivity.
[0047] Next, the battery negative electrode lead paste is molded to obtain a grid blank, and then the grid blank is subjected to a high-temperature curing process of 65 to 85℃ and a reaction for active materials for 24 to 48h in a high-temperature curing furnace to obtain a battery negative electrode plate. An SEM image of the battery negative electrode plate is shown in FIG. 3. Afterwards, the battery negative electrode plate is assembled into a lead-acid battery as a negative electrode.
[0048] It can be seen from FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 that the carbon crystal material in the embodiments of the present application has a high specific surface area and high conductivity, and a black carbon crystal material links active material particles of a negative electrode of the lead-acid battery like conductive fiber bundles, which can greatly improve a charge acceptance capacity and a cycle life of the lead-acid battery.
[0049] Carbon crystal materials provided in examples of the present application and technical effects produced when the carbon crystal material is applied to a lead-acid battery are further illustrated below by comparing some examples of the present application with comparative examples.
[0050] Example 1:
[0051] Sucrose was added as a biomass carbon source into deionized water and mixed to prepare a sucrose solution with a concentration of 0.3mol / L as a carbon source solution. A mixed solution of xylene and ferrocene with a mass ratio of 1.2: 1 was prepared as a catalyst liquid. Next, the sucrose solution was added into the catalyst liquid, ultrasonically shaken for 15min, allowed to stand for 12h, and then stirred at 90℃ for 1h to obtain a gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor containing a carbon crystal material. A washed and dried quartz sheet was loaded into a quartz tube as a carrier, and the quartz tube was put into a constant temperature zone in a middle of a high-temperature tube furnace. Subsequently, the dispersion liquid precursor was loaded into the quartz tube loaded with the carrier and pushed into the high-temperature tube furnace. Argon and hydrogen were introduced into the high-temperature tube furnace as protective gas, and pre-sintering was carried out by raising a temperature from 25℃ to 400℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min and heat preservation for 3h. Then, under protection of argon, sintering was carried out by raising the temperature to 900℃ at 2℃ / min for 4h for high-temperature carbonization treatment, so as to promote growth of a carbon crystal. After the growth of the carbon crystal is completed, argon was introduced continuously until a temperature of the high-temperature tube furnace dropped to room temperature. The quartz sheet as the carrier was taken out to obtain the carbon crystal material.
[0052] Next, the carbon crystal material, high-strength short fiber, lignin, barium sulfate, stearic acid, humic acid, red lead and sponge lead were mixed evenly. Deionized water was added, and dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL was added slowly. A mixture in which raw materials was dispersed evenly was obtained by stirring until stirred to form a lead paste, so as to complete preparation of a battery negative electrode lead paste. The battery negative electrode lead paste includes 1.2%of the carbon crystal material, 10%of the red lead, 0.1%of the high-strength short fiber, 0.2%of the lignin, 0.2%of the humic acid, 0.1%of the stearic acid, 1.6%of the barium sulfate, 11%of the deionized water, 10.6%of the dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL, and a balance of the sponge lead. A sum of mass percentages of all components was 100%.
[0053] Then, the battery negative electrode lead paste was molded to obtain a grid blank, and the grid blank was subjected to a high-temperature curing process of 85℃ and a reaction for active materials for 24h in a high-temperature curing furnace to obtain a battery negative electrode plate.
[0054] Example 2:
[0055] Glucose was added as a biomass carbon source into deionized water and mixed to prepare a glucose solution with a concentration of 0.3mol / L as a carbon source solution. A mixed solution of xylene and ferrocene with a mass ratio of 1.5: 1 was prepared as a catalyst liquid. Next, the glucose solution was added into the catalyst liquid, ultrasonically shaken for 15min, allowed to stand for 24h, and then stirred at 90℃ for 1h to obtain a gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor containing a carbon crystal material. A washed and dried quartz sheet was loaded into a quartz tube as a carrier, and the quartz tube was put into a constant temperature zone in a middle of a high-temperature tube furnace. Subsequently, the dispersion liquid precursor was loaded into the quartz tube loaded with the carrier and pushed into the high-temperature tube furnace. Argon and hydrogen were introduced into the high-temperature tube furnace as protective gas, and pre-sintering was carried out by raising a temperature from 25℃ to 500℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min and heat preservation for 2h. Then, under protection of argon, sintering was carried out by raising the temperature to 1200℃ at 2℃ / min for 2h for high-temperature carbonization treatment, so as to promote growth of a carbon crystal. After the growth of the carbon crystal was completed, argon was introduced continuously until a temperature of the high-temperature tube furnace dropped to room temperature. The quartz sheet as the carrier was taken out to obtain the carbon crystal material.
[0056] Next, preparation of a battery negative electrode lead paste and preparation of a battery negative electrode plate were basically the same as those in Example 1. Difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the battery negative electrode lead paste of Example 2 includes 1.5%of the carbon crystal material, 10%of the red lead, 0.1%of the high-strength short fiber, 0.2%of the lignin, 0.1%of the humic acid, 0.1%of the stearic acid, 1.6%of the barium sulfate, 11.1%of the deionized water, 10.6%of the dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL, and a balance of the sponge lead. A sum of mass percentages of all components was 100%.
[0057] Example 3:
[0058] Sucrose was added as a biomass carbon source into deionized water and mixed to prepare a sucrose solution with a concentration of 0.4mol / L as a carbon source solution. A mixed solution of xylene and ferrocene with a mass ratio of 1: 1 was prepared as a catalyst liquid. Next, the sucrose solution was added into the catalyst liquid, ultrasonically shaken for 10min, allowed to stand for 24h, and then stirred at 90℃ for 1h to obtain a gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor containing a carbon crystal material. A washed and dried quartz sheet was loaded into a quartz tube as a carrier, and the quartz tube was put into a constant temperature zone in a middle of a high-temperature tube furnace. Subsequently, the dispersion liquid precursor was loaded into the quartz tube loaded with the carrier and pushed into the high-temperature tube furnace. Argon and hydrogen were introduced into the high-temperature tube furnace as protective gas, and pre-sintering was carried out by raising a temperature from 25℃ to 350℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min and heat preservation for 2h. Then, under protection of argon, sintering was carried out by raising the temperature to 1100℃ at 2℃ / min for 3h for high-temperature carbonization treatment, so as to promote growth of a carbon crystal. After the growth of the carbon crystal was completed, argon was introduced continuously until a temperature of the high-temperature tube furnace dropped to room temperature. The quartz sheet as the carrier was taken out to obtain the carbon crystal material.
[0059] Next, the carbon crystal material, high-strength short fiber, lignin, barium sulfate, stearic acid, humic acid, red lead and sponge lead were mixed evenly. Deionized water was added, and dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL was added slowly. A mixture in which raw materials was dispersed evenly was obtained by stirring until stirred to form a lead paste, so as to complete preparation of a battery negative electrode lead paste. The battery negative electrode lead paste includes 1.0%of the carbon crystal material, 10%of the red lead, 0.2%of the high-strength short fiber, 0.2%of the lignin, 0.2%of the humic acid, 0.1%of the stearic acid, 1.6%of the barium sulfate, 11.5%of the deionized water, 10.3%of the dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL, and a balance of the sponge lead. A sum of mass percentages of all components was 100%.
[0060] Then, the battery negative electrode lead paste was molded to obtain a grid blank, and the grid blank was subjected to a high-temperature curing process of 65℃ and a reaction for active materials for 48h in a high-temperature curing furnace to obtain a battery negative electrode plate.
[0061] Comparative Example 1:
[0062] Sucrose was added as a biomass carbon source into deionized water and mixed to prepare a sucrose solution with a concentration of 0.5mol / L. Then, the sucrose solution was transferred to a hydrothermal reaction tank. The hydrothermal reaction tank was placed into a constant temperature box, heated to 250℃ at 2℃ / min and heat preservation for 6h. After natural cooling, the hydrothermal reaction tank was taken out and washed with deionized water and ethanol for 3 times, respectively, and then dried in a drying oven at 60℃ for 2h to obtain black carbon crystal solid particles. Next, a xylene solution was prepared, and the black carbon crystal solid particles were added into the xylene solution, and stirred at 90℃ for 1h to obtain a carbon crystal precursor. A washed and dried quartz sheet was loaded into a quartz tube as a carrier, and the quartz tube was put into a constant temperature zone in a middle of a high-temperature tube furnace. Subsequently, the carbon crystal precursor was loaded into the quartz tube loaded with the carrier and pushed into the high-temperature tube furnace. Argon and hydrogen were introduced into the high-temperature tube furnace as protective gas, and pre-sintering was carried out by raising a temperature from 25℃ to 350℃ at a heating rate of 2℃ / min and heat preservation for 2h. Then, under protection of argon, sintering was carried out by raising the temperature to 1100℃ at 2℃ / min for 5h. After growth of a carbon crystal was completed, argon was introduced continuously until a temperature of a reaction device dropped to room temperature. The quartz sheet as the carrier was taken out to obtain a carbon crystal material of Comparative Example 1.
[0063] Next, a micro-nano carbon crystal material, high-strength short fiber, lignin, barium sulfate, stearic acid, humic acid, red lead and sponge lead were mixed evenly. Deionized water was added, and dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL was added slowly. A mixture in which raw materials was dispersed evenly was obtained by stirring until stirred to form a lead paste, so as to obtain a battery negative electrode lead paste of Comparative Example 1. In the battery negative electrode lead paste of Comparative Example 1, raw materials include, by mass percentage, 1.0%of the carbon crystal material, 10%of the red lead, 0.2%of the high-strength short fiber, 0.2%of the lignin, 0.1%of the humic acid, 0.1%of the stearic acid, 1.6%of the barium sulfate, 12%of the deionized water, and 9%of the dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL. The rest was the sponge lead, and a sum of the mass percentages of all components was 100%.
[0064] Then, the battery negative electrode lead paste of Comparative Example 1 was molded to obtain a grid blank, and the grid blank was subjected to a high-temperature curing process of 85℃and a reaction for active materials for 24h in a high-temperature curing furnace to obtain a battery negative electrode plate of Comparative Example 1.
[0065] Comparative Example 2: difference between Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 1 is that a mass ratio of xylene and ferrocene in a catalyst liquid is 2: 1.
[0066] Comparative Example 3: difference between Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 1 is that no carbon crystal material was added. A battery negative electrode lead paste of Comparative Example 3 includes 10%of the red lead, 0.2%of the high-strength short fiber, 0.2%of the lignin, 0.1%of the humic acid, 0.1%of the stearic acid, 1.6%of the barium sulfate, 12%of the deionized water, 9%of the dilute sulfuric acid with a concentration of 1.4g / mL, and a balance of the sponge lead. A sum of mass percentages of all raw materials was 100%.
[0067] Test examples and test results:
[0068] The battery negative electrode plates obtained in Examples 1 to 3 of the present application and the battery negative electrode plates obtained in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were assembled into experimental batteries according to a ratio of 4 positive electrode plates to 5 negative electrode plates. Then, a special electrolyte for internalization was added for internalization and charging. After the charging was completed, a 60V 20Ah lead-acid battery pack was assembled to perform a basic charge acceptance capacity test and a cycle life test of the batteries.
[0069] Test results of the basic charge acceptance capacity are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1
[0070] It can be seen from Table 1 that the charge acceptance capacity of lead-acid batteries of Examples 1 to 3 of the present application is 2 to 3 times or more than the charge acceptance capacity of lead-acid batteries of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, indicating that the charge acceptance capacity of the lead-acid batteries of Examples 1 to 3 is stronger.
[0071] Then, a battery was subjected to a conventional 100%DOD cycle experimental test, and a cycle regime was as follows: 1) Discharging the battery to 1.5V / cell; 2) Charging the battery at 3A constant voltage 14.8V / cell until a current is less than 0.6A; 3) Charging the battery at 13.8V / cell for 1.5h.
[0072] Experimental results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. 4 below. Table 2
[0073] It can be seen from test results in Table 2 and FIG. 3 that the 100%DOD cycle life of the lead-acid batteries of Examples 1 to 3 of the present application exceeds 1000 times, and the cycle life of the lead-acid batteries of Comparative Example 1 to 3 is 300 to 500 times, which indicates that the carbon crystal material prepared in Examples 1 to 3 of the present application, when applied to the lead-acid battery, helps to improve the cycle life of the lead-acid battery and plays a significant role in improving the cycle life.
[0074] Overall, in the preparation of the carbon crystal material provided in the embodiments of the present application, the carbon source solution and the catalyst liquid are mixed and sintered directly, instead of preparing the carbon source solution into carbon powder or carbon sphere particles, and then adding a catalyst liquid for mixing and sintering in a conventional process. Advantages of the present application are mainly reflected in following aspects. (1) Uniformity: the carbon source and the catalyst can be mixed at a molecular level by using the direct mixing and sintering method, ensuring that the catalyst is distributed in the carbon source evenly. This helps to form a uniform carbon crystal structure in a subsequent sintering process and improve the overall performance of the material. (2) Reaction efficiency: since the catalyst liquid is mixed with the carbon source solution directly, a contact area between the catalyst and the carbon source is larger, thus improving efficiency of a catalytic reaction. This helps to realize formation of the carbon crystal at a lower sintering temperature and save energy. (3) Controllability: the direct mixing method can better control the morphology, size and structure of the carbon crystal when it grows. By adjusting a concentration, a ratio and a mixing condition of the carbon source solution and the catalyst liquid, the process of the growth of the carbon crystal can be controlled accurately, so that the carbon crystal material or the micro-nano carbon crystal material with desired specific performance can be obtained. (4) Simplified process: compared with the traditional synthesis method in which the carbon powder or the carbon sphere particles are added into the catalyst liquid, the direct mixing and sintering method in the embodiments of the present application omits the preparation and dispersion process of the carbon powder or the carbon sphere particles, thus simplifying process steps. This not only improves production efficiency, but also helps to reduce the production costs.
[0075] Embodiments of the present application provide a carbon crystal material and a preparation method thereof, a battery negative electrode lead paste, a battery negative electrode plate and a preparation method thereof, and a lead-acid battery. In a method for preparing a carbon crystal material, a carbon source solution is mixed with a catalyst liquid to form a gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor, the dispersion liquid precursor is subjected to pre-sintering and high-temperature carbonization treatment in a high-temperature tube furnace under an environment of inert gas to grow a carbon crystal. After growth of the carbon crystal is completed, the inert gas protective gas is introduced continuously. After a reaction temperature drops to room temperature, the carbon crystal material is obtained. The carbon crystal material can be applied to the preparation of a battery negative electrode lead paste, a battery negative electrode plate, and a lead-acid battery, and can provide functions such as high conductivity, a high specific surface area and good mechanical performance, which is beneficial to improving a discharge efficiency and output power of the lead-acid battery and prolong a cycle life of the lead-acid battery.
[0076] The above description is merely an example of the present application, and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and variations of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims
1.A method for preparing a carbon crystal material, comprising:mixing a carbon source solution with a catalyst liquid to form a gelatinous dispersion liquid precursor;subjecting the dispersion liquid precursor to pre-sintering and high-temperature carbonization treatment in a high-temperature tube furnace under an environment of inert gas protective gas to grow a carbon crystal; andintroducing the inert gas protective gas into the high-temperature tube furnace continuously after growth of the carbon crystal, until a reaction temperature drops to room temperature to obtain the carbon crystal material.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon source solution is prepared by dispersing a biomass carbon source in water, wherein the biomass carbon source comprises one or more selected from glucose, sucrose, or starch, and a concentration of the biomass carbon source is 0.1 to 0.5 mol / L.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the catalyst liquid is prepared from ferrocene and a hydrogen bond donor in a mass ratio of 1: 1 to 1.5: 1, wherein the hydrogen bond donor comprises one or more selected from xylene, ethanol, ethylene glycol, 1, 2-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol, glycerol, or urea.4.The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the method further comprises heating and stirring the catalyst liquid, and after the carbon source solution is mixed with the catalyst liquid to form a mixture, the mixture is further subjected to ultrasonic oscillation treatment for 10 to 20 min, allowed to stand for 12 to 24 h, and then heated and stirred to form the dispersion liquid precursor.5.The method of claim 4, wherein heating and stirring the catalyst liquid is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 120℃ for 1 to 5h, and heating and stirring the mixture is carried out at a temperature of 60 to 120℃ for 1 to 5h.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the pre-sintering is carried out by raising a temperature to 250 to 500℃ at a heating rate of 2 to 10℃ / min and heat preservation for 1 to 4h, wherein the inert gas protective gas is argon or a composite protective gas mixed with argon and hydrogen.7.The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the growth of the carbon crystal is carried out by raising a temperature to 800 to 1, 250℃ at a heating rate of 2 to 10 ℃ / min and heat preservation for 2 to 6h under argon protective gas.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising: cooling, washing, drying, grinding and sieving the carbon crystal material to form a micro-nano carbon crystal material.9.A carbon crystal material, prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.10.A battery negative electrode lead paste, comprising:0.5 to 2%of the carbon crystal material according to claim 9;10 to 15%of red lead;0.1 to 0.3%of high-strength short fiber;0.1 to 0.3%of lignin;0.1 to 1%of humic acid;0.1 to 0.3%of stearic acid;0.5 to 2%of barium sulfate;10 to 15%of water;10 to 13%of dilute sulfuric acid; anda balance of sponge lead,wherein a sum of mass percentages of all components is 100%.11.The battery negative electrode lead paste of claim 10, wherein the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.2 to 1%.12.The battery negative electrode lead paste of claim 10, wherein the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.5 to 1%.13.The battery negative electrode lead paste of claim 10, wherein the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.1 to 0.2%.14.A method for preparing a battery negative electrode plate, comprising:mixing the carbon crystal material according to claim 9, high-strength short fiber, lignin, barium sulfate, stearic acid, humic acid, red lead and sponge lead evenly;adding water and adding dilute sulfuric acid, followed by stirring to obtain a battery negative electrode lead paste, wherein the battery negative electrode lead paste comprises: 0.5 to 2%of the carbon crystal material; 10 to 15%of the red lead; 0.1 to 0.3%of the high-strength short fiber; 0.1 to 0.3%of the lignin; 0.1 to 1%of the humic acid; 0.1 to 0.3%of the stearic acid; 0.5 to 2%of the barium sulfate; 10 to 15%of the water; 10 to 13%of the dilute sulfuric acid; and a balance of the sponge lead, wherein a sum of mass percentages of all components is 100%; andmolding the battery negative electrode lead paste to obtain a grid blank, and then subjecting the grid blank to a high-temperature curing process of 65 to 85℃ for 24 to 48h in a high-temperature curing furnace to obtain the battery negative electrode plate.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.2 to 1%.16.The method of claim 14, wherein the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.5 to 1%.17.The method of claim 14, wherein the mass percentage of the humic acid is 0.1 to 0.2%.18.A battery negative electrode plate, prepared by the method according to any one of claims 14 to 17.19.A lead-acid battery, assembled with the battery negative electrode plate according to claim 18 as a negative electrode.
Citation Information
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