Flashbang cartridge for a projectile launcher

Abstract

A deployment platform may be deployable in response to an electrical signal. The deployment platform may include a housing defining a bore and a cartridge disposed in the bore. The cartridge may include a body having an inner surface defining an internal passage. A propulsion module may be disposed in the internal passage and configured to expand a gas in response to an electrical signal. A powder load may be disposed in the internal passage and adjacent the propulsion module. A pyrotechnic load may be disposed in the internal passage adjacent the powder load. The propulsion module may include a conductor configured to receive the electrical signal, a primer configured to ignite in response to the electrical signal, and a primer cap disposed between the primer and an aft end of the powder load. The primer cap may strike the powder load in response to the primer igniting.

Description

TITLE: FLASHBANG CARTRIDGE FOR A PROJECTILE LAUNCHERASSIGNEE: AXON ENTERPRISE, INC.FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a projectile launcher.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0002] The subject matter of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. A more complete understanding of the present disclosure, however, may best be obtained by referring to the detailed description and claims when considered in connection with the following illustrative figures. In the following figures, like reference numbers refer to similar elements and steps throughout the figures.

[0003] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a projectile launcher, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0004] FIG. IB is a perspective view of a handle and a magazine for the projectile launcher of FIG. 1A, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0005] FIG. 1C is a schematic view of the projectile launcher of FIG. 1A, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0006] FIG. 2A is a front perspective view of a magazine for a projectile launcher, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0007] FIG. 2B is a rear perspective view of a magazine for a projectile launcher, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0008] FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a cartridge, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0009] FIG. 3B is an exploded view of a cartridge, in accordance with various embodiments;

[0010] FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge, in accordance with various embodiments; and

[0011] FIG. 3D is a cross-sectional view of a cartridge firing, in accordance with various embodiments.

[0012] Elements and steps in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been rendered according to any particular sequence. For example, steps that may be performed concurrently or in different order are illustrated in the figures to help to improve understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The detailed description of exemplary embodiments herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which show exemplary embodiments by way of illustration. While these embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosures, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical changes and adaptations in design and construction may be made in accordance with this disclosure and the teachings herein. Thus, the detailed description herein is presented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation.

[0014] The scope of the disclosure is defined by the appended claims and their legal equivalents rather than by merely the examples described. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process descriptions may be executed in any order and are not necessarily limited to the order presented. Furthermore, any reference to singular includes plural embodiments, and any reference to more than one component or step may include a singular embodiment or step. Reference to attached, fixed, coupled, connected, or the like may include permanent, removable, temporary, partial, full, and / or any other possible attachment option. Surface shading lines may be used throughout the figures to denote different parts but not necessarily to denote the same or different materials.

[0015] Flashbang cartridges of the present disclosure may be loadable into magazines removably coupled to projectile launchers or other deployment platforms. The cartridges ignite and deploy a pyrotechnic load, causing a burst of sound and an intense light that tends to stun or disorient a target. Flashbang cartridges can be compatible with conducted electrical weapon (CEW) platforms such as those offered by Axon Enterprise, Inc. under its famous TASERtrademark. Flashbang cartridges of the present disclosure may be miniaturized and directional, enabling deployment from various projectile launchers.

[0016] Flashbang cartridges may be configured to produce a blinding flash of light to cause temporary blindness. After deployment, targets may perceive an afterimage that impairs their vision. The volume of the flashbang combusting may interfere with the ear, causing temporary deafness or impeding balance. The cartridges may be fireable from a handheld projectile launcher, from a stationary projectile launcher, from a mobile projectile launcher, and / or the like.

[0017] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher may be configured to launch one or more projectiles towards a target. A projectile launcher may comprise any platform (e.g., deployment platform), device, weapon, gun, system, and / or the like configured to deploy (or cause deployment of) a projectile. A platform may be fireable in response to receiving an electric signal. A projectile launcher may comprise one or more electronic devices configured to deploy a projectile. As a further example, a projectile launcher may comprise a conducted electrical weapon (CEW), a modular conducted electrical weapon (MCEW), a payload launcher, a projectile device configured to deploy entangling projectiles, a paintball gun, and / or the like. In that regard, the projectile launcher may comprise a standalone device, a device mounted or in communication with a second device, a platform, or system in electronic communication with a second electronic device, and / or the like.

[0018] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher may be configured to be held and operated by a human user. For example, the projectile launcher may comprise a handle, a grip, a barrel, a stock, and / or the like configured to be held in a hand of the human user. In various embodiments, a projectile launcher may be mounted on or proximate to a platform. In that regard, the projectile launcher may be remotely operated. For example, a human user may remotely operate the projectile launcher. The platform may comprise any suitable object, structure, or the like.

[0019] For example, in some embodiments the platform may comprise a remote vehicle. The remote vehicle may comprise any object capable of traveling by land (e.g., surfaces), water, or air. The remote vehicle may be operated by a human user. The remote vehicle may comprise an autonomous vehicle. The remote vehicle may comprise an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone), an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), an unmanned surface vessel (USV) (e.g., unmanned surface vehicle, autonomous surface vehicle, etc.), a robot, a car, or the like. A ground vehicle may comprise one or more wheels, a continuous track (e.g., tank tread, caterpillar track, etc ), or thelike configured to enable movement of the vehicle on land-based terrain. The remote vehicle may be operable via a separate control interface. The remote vehicle may be operable via a short-range electronic communication and / or via a long-range electronic communication. In various embodiments, the decision or command to remotely deploy a projectile launcher from a platform may be received directly from a human operator.

[0020] As a further example, in some embodiments, the platform may comprise a static structure. The static structure may comprise a security pole, a building wall (internal or external), a wall or surface of an access control vestibule (e.g., an air lock, a mantrap, a sally port, etc.), a surface of a vehicle, a surface or exterior surface of an electronic device (e.g., a recording device, a CCTV camera, etc.), and / or the like.

[0021] A projectile launcher may be configured to launch any suitable type of projectile. For example, a projectile may include any object, payload, capsule, and / or the like configured to be deployed from a projectile launcher. For example, and in accordance with various embodiments, a projectile may comprise a non-lethal or less-lethal projectile. In that regard, a projectile may comprise or be configured to deploy a dart, a paintball, a rubber projectile (e.g., a rubber bullet), a conducted electrical weapon (CEW) electrode, a modular conducted electrical weapon (MCEW) electrode or payload, a flashbang, a pyrotechnic load, a ceramic projectile, a metallic projectile, an entangling projectile configured to entangle a target (e.g., a tether-based entangling projectile, a net, etc.), a scent-based projectile, a liquid-based projectile, a gas-based projectile, pepper spray or a pepper spray projectile (e g., oleoresin capsicum, OC spray), tear gas or a tear gas cannister or projectile (e.g., 2-chlorobenzalmalononitrile, CS spray), and / or any other non-lethal or less- lethal projectile.

[0022] In various embodiments, an electrode for a CEW may include a spear portion, designed to pierce or attach proximate a tissue of a target in order to provide a conductive electrical path between the electrode and the tissue. For example, the electrode may be electrically coupled to a handle of the projectile launcher via a conductive filament wire. The handle may provide an electrical current through the filament wire, the electrode, the spear, and to the target.

[0023] In some embodiments, a projectile may be configured to deliver an inhibitory substance (e.g., to at least partially inhibit a target). In some embodiments, a projectile may be configured to deliver a marking substance (e.g., to mark or designate a target). In some embodiments, a projectile may be configured to deliver a pyrotechnic load that temporarily inhibits the vision or hearing ofa target (e.g., a flashbang). Tn some embodiments, a projectile may be configured to break and clear glass (e.g., from windows or doors).

[0024] In various embodiments, a projectile launcher may include a handle and one or more magazines. The handle may include one or more bays for receiving the magazine(s). The magazine(s) may be removably positioned in (e.g., inserted into, coupled to, etc.) a bay. The magazine(s) may releasably, electrically, electronically, and / or mechanically couple to a bay. A deployment of the projectile launcher may launch one or more projectiles from the magazine. For example, a deployment of the projectile launcher may cause one or more projectiles to be launched toward a target. In embodiments where the projectile launcher comprises a CEW configured with a flashbang cartridge, deployment of the projectile launcher may cause a pyrotechnic load to launch towards a target to inhibit vision, hearing, or balance of the target.

[0025] In various embodiments, a magazine may be configured to include, hold, or receive one or more projectiles. A magazine may include two or more projectiles that are launched concurrently. A magazine may include a single projectile configured to be launched from the magazine. A magazine may include two or more projectiles that may each be launched individually at separate times. Launching the projectiles may be referred to as activating (e.g., firing, deploying, launching, etc.) a magazine or projectile launcher. After use (e.g., after activation), a magazine may be removed from the bay and reloaded with new projectiles and / or replaced with an unused (e.g., not fired, not activated) magazine to permit launch of additional projectile(s).

[0026] In various embodiments, and with reference to FIGs. 1 A-1C, an example of a projectile launcher 100 is disclosed. Projectile launcher 100 may be similar to, or have similar aspects and / or components with, any projectile launcher, CEW, or the like discussed herein. Projectile launcher 100 may comprise a handle 110 and a magazine 112. It should be understood by one skilled in the art that FIG. 1C is a schematic representation of projectile launcher 100, and one or more of the components of projectile launcher 100 may be located in any suitable position within, or external to, handle 110 and / or magazine 112.

[0027] Handle 110 may be configured to house various components of projectile launcher 100 that are configured to enable deployment of projectiles from magazine 112, provide an electrical current to magazine 112, and / or otherwise aid in the operation of projectile launcher 100, as discussed further herein. Although depicted with firearm shape in FIGs. 1A and IB, handle 110 may comprise any suitable shape and / or size. Although referred to herein as a “handle,” handle110 may comprise any suitable platform, device, weapon, gun, system, and / or the like configured to deploy (or cause deployment of) a projectile, as discussed further herein.

[0028] Handle 110 may comprise a handle end 113 opposite a deployment end 114. Deployment end 114 may be configured, sized, and shaped to receive one or more magazines 112. Handle end 113 may be sized and shaped to be held in a hand of a user. For example, handle end 113 may be shaped as a handle to enable hand-operation of projectile launcher 100 by the user. In various embodiments, handle end 113 may also comprise contours shaped to fit the hand of a user, for example, an ergonomic grip. Handle end 113 may include a surface coating, such as, for example, a non-slip surface, a grip pad, a rubber texture, and / or the like. As a further example, handle end 113 may be wrapped in leather, a colored print, and / or any other suitable material, as desired.

[0029] In various embodiments, handle 110 may comprise various mechanical, electronic, and / or electrical components configured to aid in performing the functions of projectile launcher 100. For example, handle 110 may comprise one or more triggers 115, control interfaces 117, processing circuits 135, power supply 140, and / or signal generators 145. Handle 110 may include a guard (e.g., trigger guard). A guard may define an opening formed in handle 110. A guard may be located on a center region of handle 110 (e.g., as depicted in FIGs. 1A and IB), and / or in any other suitable location on handle 110. Trigger 115 may be disposed within a guard. A guard may be configured to protect trigger 115 from unintentional physical contact (e.g., an unintentional activation of trigger 115). A guard may surround trigger 115 within handle 110.

[0030] In various embodiments, trigger 115 may be coupled to an outer surface of handle 110, and may be configured to move, slide, rotate, or otherwise become physically depressed or moved upon application of physical contact. For example, trigger 115 may be actuated by physical contact applied to trigger 115 from within a guard. Trigger 115 may comprise a mechanical or electromechanical switch, button, trigger, or the like. For example, trigger 115 may comprise a switch, a pushbutton, and / or any other suitable type of trigger. Trigger 115 may be mechanically and / or electronically coupled to processing circuit 135. In response to trigger 115 being activated (e.g., depressed, pushed, etc. by the user), processing circuit 135 may enable deployment of (or cause deployment of) one or more magazines 112 from projectile launcher 100, as discussed further herein.

[0031] Tn various embodiments, power supply 140 may be configured to provide power to various components of projectile launcher 100. For example, power supply 140 may provide energy for operating the electronic and / or electrical components (e.g., parts, subsystems, circuits, etc.) of projectile launcher 100 and / or one or more magazines 112. Power supply 140 may provide electrical power. Providing electrical power may include providing a current at a voltage. Power supply 140 may be electrically coupled to processing circuit 135 and / or signal generator 145. In various embodiments, in response to a control interface comprising electronic properties and / or components, power supply 140 may be electrically coupled to the control interface. In various embodiments, in response to trigger 115 comprising electronic properties or components, power supply 140 may be electrically coupled to trigger 115. Power supply 140 may provide an electrical current at a voltage. Electrical power from power supply 140 may be provided as a direct current (“DC”). Electrical power from power supply 140 may be provided as an alternating current (“AC”). Power supply 140 may include a battery. The energy of power supply 140 may be renewable, exhaustible, and / or replaceable. For example, power supply 140 may comprise one or more rechargeable or disposable batteries. In various embodiments, the energy from power supply 140 may be converted from one form (e.g., electrical, magnetic, thermal) to another form to perform the functions of a system.

[0032] Power supply 140 may provide energy for performing the functions of projectile launcher 100. For example, power supply 140 may provide the electrical current to signal generator 145 that is provided through a target to impede locomotion of the target (e.g., via magazine 112). Power supply 140 may provide the energy for a stimulus signal. Power supply 140 may provide the energy for other signals, including an ignition signal, as discussed further herein.

[0033] In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may comprise any circuitry, electrical components, electronic components, software, and / or the like configured to perform various operations and functions discussed herein. For example, processing circuit 135 may comprise a processing circuit, a processor, a digital signal processor, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device, logic circuitry, state machines, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices, signal conditioning circuitry, communication circuitry, a computer, a computer-based system, a radio, a network appliance, a data bus, an address bus, and / or any combination thereof. In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may include passive electronic devices (e.g., resistors, capacitors, inductors, etc.)and / or active electronic devices (e.g., op amps, comparators, analog-to-digital converters, digital- to-analog converters, programmable logic, status relay controls (SRCs), transistors, etc.). In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may include data buses, output ports, input ports, timers, memory, arithmetic units, and / or the like.

[0034] In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may include signal conditioning circuity. Signal conditioning circuitry may include level shifters to change (e.g., increase or decrease) the magnitude of a voltage (e.g., of a signal) before receipt by processing circuit 135 or to shift the magnitude of a voltage provided by processing circuit 135.

[0035] In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may be configured to control and / or coordinate operation of some or all aspects of projectile launcher 100. For example, processing circuit 135 may include (or be in communication with) memory configured to store data, programs, and / or instructions. The memory may comprise a tangible, non-transitoiy computer-readable memory. Instructions stored on the tangible, non-transitory memory may allow processing circuit 135 to perform various operations, functions, and / or steps, as described herein. The term “non- transitory” as used herein is to be understood to remove only propagating transitory signals per se from the claim scope and does not relinquish rights to all standard computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se.

[0036] In various embodiments, the memory may comprise any hardware, software, and / or database component capable of storing and maintaining data. For example, a memory unit may comprise a database, data structure, memory component, or the like. A memory unit may comprise any suitable non-transitory memory known in the art, such as, an internal memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), solid state drive (SSD)), removable memory (e.g., an SD card, an xD card, a CompactFlash card), or the like.

[0037] Processing circuit 135 may be configured to provide and / or receive electrical signals whether digital and / or analog in form. Processing circuit 135 may provide and / or receive digital information via a data bus using any protocol. Processing circuit 135 may receive information, manipulate the received information, and output the manipulated information. Processing circuit 135 may store information and retrieve stored information. Information received, stored, and / or manipulated by processing circuit 135 may be used to perform a function, control a function, and / or to perform an operation or execute a stored program.

[0038] Processing circuit 135 may control the operation and / or function of other circuits and / or components of projectile launcher 100. Processing circuit 135 may receive or determine status information regarding the operation of other components, perform calculations with respect to the status information, and provide commands (e.g., instructions) to one or more other components. Processing circuit 135 may command another component to start operation, continue operation, alter operation, suspend operation, cease operation, or the like. Commands and / or status may be communicated between processing circuit 135 and other circuits and / or components via any suitable electrical signal or electronic communication. Commands and / or status may be communicated between processing circuit 135 and other circuits and / or components via any type of bus (e.g., SPI bus) including any type of data / address bus.

[0039] In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may comprise or be in electronic communication with a communications unit. The communications unit may be similar to, or comprise similar components with, any other communications unit, short-range communications unit, long-range communications unit, or the like. The communications unit may enable electronic communications between devices and systems. The communications unit may enable communications over a network. For example, the communications unit may include a modem, a network interface (such as an Ethernet card), a communications port, or the like. Data may be transferred via the communications unit in the form of signals which may be electronic, electromagnetic, optical, or other signals capable of being transmitted or received by a communications unit. The communications unit may be configured to communicate via any wired protocol, wireless protocol, or other protocol capable of transmitting information via a wired or wireless connection. In various embodiments, the communications unit may be configured to enable short-range communications between devices and systems. In various embodiments, the communications unit may be configured to enable long-range communications between devices or systems. In various embodiments, the communications unit may be configured to enable both short-range communications and long-range communications.

[0040] In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may be mechanically and / or electronically coupled to trigger 115. In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may be electrically coupled to a switch or other electrical component associated with or activated by trigger 115. Processing circuit 135 may be configured to detect an activation, actuation, depression, input, etc. (collectively, an “activation event”) of trigger 115. In response to detecting theactivation event, processing circuit 135 may be configured to perform various operations and / or functions, as discussed further herein. Processing circuit 135 may also include a sensor (e.g., a trigger sensor) attached to or activated by trigger 115 and configured to detect or receive an activation event of trigger 115. The sensor may comprise any suitable sensor, such as a mechanical and / or electronic sensor, capable of detecting or receiving an activation event from trigger 115 and reporting the activation event to processing circuit 135.

[0041] In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may be mechanically and / or electronically coupled to control interface 117. In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may be electrically coupled to a switch or other electrical component associated with or activated by control interface 117. Processing circuit 135 may be configured to detect or receive an activation, actuation, depression, input, signal, communication, etc. (collectively, a “control event”) of control interface 117. In response to detecting or receiving the control event, processing circuit 135 may be configured to perform various operations and / or functions, as discussed further herein. Processing circuit 135 may also include a sensor (e.g., a control sensor) attached to or activated by control interface 117 and configured to detect or receive activation of a control event of control interface 117. The sensor may comprise any suitable sensor, such as a mechanical and / or electronic sensor capable of detecting or receiving a control event in control interface 117 and reporting the control event to processing circuit 135.

[0042] In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may be electrically and / or electronically coupled to power supply 140. Processing circuit 135 may receive power from power supply 140. The power received from power supply 140 may be used by processing circuit 135 to receive signals, process signals, and transmit signals to various other components in projectile launcher 100. Processing circuit 135 may use power from power supply 140 to detect or receive an activation event of trigger 115, a control event of control interface 117, or the like, and generate one or more control signals in response to the detected events. The control signal may be based on the control event and the activation event. The control signal may be an electrical signal.

[0043] Processing circuit 135 may control provision of power from power supply 140 to one or more other components of projectile launcher 100. For example, power may be provided to one or more other components via an electrical circuit of projectile launcher 100. The electrical circuit may comprise any suitable type of electrical circuit and may include one or more passive components and / or active components. In some embodiments, the electrical circuit may compriseone or more electrical switches configured to control provision of power to components of projectile launcher 100. Processing circuit 135 may be electrically coupled to the electrical switches. Processing circuit 135 may be configured to control the electrical switches via electrical signals to close or open the electrical switches.

[0044] In various embodiments, processing circuit 135 may be electrically and / or electronically coupled to signal generator 145. Processing circuit 135 may be configured to transmit or provide control signals to signal generator 145 in response to detecting an activation event of trigger 115. Multiple control signals may be provided from processing circuit 135 to signal generator 145 in series. In response to receiving the control signal, signal generator 145 may be configured to perform various functions and / or operations, as discussed further herein. In some embodiments, control signals from processing circuit 135 to signal generator 145 may include signals from processing circuit 135 to provide power to or remove power from signal generator 145 (e.g., electrical signals to control electrical switches between power supply 140 and signal generator 145).

[0045] In various embodiments, signal generator 145 may be located within handle 110 of projectile launcher 100 (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 1C). In various embodiments, signal generator 145 may be located within magazine 112 housing signal generator 145.

[0046] In various embodiments, signal generator 145 may be configured to receive one or more control signals from processing circuit 135. Signal generator 145 may provide an ignition signal to magazine 112 based on the control signals. Signal generator 145 may be electrically and / or electronically coupled to processing circuit 135 and / or magazine 112. Signal generator 145 may be electrically coupled to power supply 140. Signal generator 145 may use power received from power supply 140 to generate an ignition signal. For example, signal generator 145 may receive an electrical signal from power supply 140 that has first current and voltage values. Signal generator 145 may transform the electrical signal into an ignition signal having second current and voltage values. The transformed second current and / or the transformed second voltage values may be different from the first current and / or voltage values. The transformed second current and / or the transformed second voltage values may be the same as the first current and / or first voltage values. Signal generator 145 may temporarily store power from power supply 140 and rely on the stored power entirely or in part to provide the ignition signal. Signal generator 145 may also relyon received power from power supply 140 entirely or in part to provide the ignition signal, without needing to temporarily store power.

[0047] Signal generator 145 may be controlled entirely or in part by processing circuit 135. In various embodiments, signal generator 145 and processing circuit 135 may be separate components (e.g., physically distinct and / or logically discrete). Signal generator 145 and processing circuit 135 may be a single component. For example, a control circuit within handle 110 may at least include signal generator 145 and processing circuit 135. The control circuit may also include other components and / or arrangements, including those that further integrate corresponding functions of these elements into a single component or circuit, as well as those that further separate certain functions into separate components or circuits.

[0048] Signal generator 145 may be controlled by the control signals to generate an ignition signal having a predetermined current value or values. For example, signal generator 145 may include a current source. The control signal may be received by signal generator 145 to activate the current source at a current value of the current source. An additional control signal may be received to decrease a current of the current source. For example, signal generator 145 may include a pulse width modification circuit coupled between a current source and an output of the control circuit. A second control signal may be received by signal generator 145 to activate the pulse width modification circuit, thereby decreasing a non-zero period of a signal generated by the current source and an overall current of an ignition signal subsequently output by the control circuit. The pulse width modification circuit may be separate from a circuit of the current source or, alternatively, integrated within a circuit of the current source. Various other forms of signal generator 145 may alternatively or additionally be employed, including those that apply a voltage over one or more different resistances to generate signals with different currents. In various embodiments, signal generator 145 may include a high-voltage module configured to deliver an electrical current having a high voltage. In various embodiments, signal generator 145 may include a low-voltage module configured to deliver an electrical current having a lower voltage, such as, for example, 2,000 volts.

[0049] Responsive to receipt of a signal indicating activation of trigger 115 (e.g., an activation event), a control circuit provides an ignition signal to magazine 112 (or one or more projectiles P in magazine 112). For example, signal generator 145 may provide an electrical signal as an ignition signal to magazine 112 in response to receiving a control signal from processing circuit 135. Invarious embodiments that include CEWs or electrodes, the ignition signal may be separate and distinct from a stimulus signal. For example, a stimulus signal in projectile launcher 100 may be provided to a different circuit within magazine 112, relative to a circuit to which an ignition signal is provided. Signal generator 145 may be configured to generate a stimulus signal. In various embodiments, a second, separate signal generator, component, or circuit (not shown) within handle 110 may be configured to generate the stimulus signal. Signal generator 145 may also provide a ground signal path for magazine 112, thereby completing a circuit for an electrical signal provided to magazine 112 by signal generator 145. The ground signal path may also be provided to magazine 112 by other elements in handle 110, including power supply 140.

[0050] In various embodiments, a bay 111 of handle 110 may be configured to receive one or more magazines 112. Bay 111 may comprise an opening in deployment end 114 sized and shaped to receive one or more magazine 112. Bay 111 may include one or more mechanical features configured to removably couple one or more magazines 112 within bay 111. Bay 111 may be configured to receive a single magazine, two magazines, three magazines, nine magazines, or any other number of magazines.

[0051] In various embodiments, magazine 112 may comprise a housing sized and shaped to be inserted into bay 111. The housing may define one or more bores. Each bore may define an opening through the housing (e.g., a chamber). Each bore may be configured to receive a projectile. Each bore may be sized and shaped accordingly to receive and house a projectile prior to and during deployment of the projectile from magazine 112. Each bore may comprise any suitable deployment angle. One or more bores may comprise similar deployment angles. One or more bores may comprise different deployment angles. The housing may comprise any suitable or desired number of bores, such as, for example, two bores, five bores, eight bores (e.g., as depicted), ten bores, and / or the like.

[0052] In various embodiments, magazine 112 may be configured to receive one or more cartridges 156, such as, for example, a first cartridge 156-0, a second cartridge 156-1, a third cartridge 156-2, an “Nth” cartridge 156-n, and / or the like. Magazine 112 may be configured to receive a number of cartridges 156 equal to a number of bores in magazine 112. Each cartridge 156 may comprise a body configured to house a projectile and one or more components necessary to deploy the projectile from the body. The projectile may comprise a glass-breaker projectile, a flashbang projectile, an electrode projectile, a combination of different projectile types, or anyother type of projectile suitable for deployment from magazine 112. The propulsion module may be similar to any other propulsion module, primer, or the like disclosed herein. For example, first cartridge 156-0 may comprise a first projectile P0 and a first propulsion module 125-0, second cartridge 156-1 may comprise a second projectile Pl and a second propulsion module 125-1, third cartridge 156-2 may comprise a third projectile P2 and a third propulsion module 125-2, Nth cartridge 156-n may comprise an Nth projectile Pn and an Nth propulsion module 125-n, etc.

[0053] As referred to herein, cartridges 156-0, 156-1, 156-2, 156-n may be generally referred to individually as a “cartridge 156” or collectively as “cartridges 156.” As referred to herein, projectiles P0, Pl, P2, Pn may be generally referred to individually as a “projectile P” or collectively as “projectiles P.” As referred to herein, propulsion modules 125-0, 125-1, 125-2, 125- n may be referred to individually as a “propulsion module 125” or collectively as “propulsion modules 125.”

[0054] In various embodiments, each propulsion module 125 may be coupled to, or in communication with, a respective projectile in a cartridge 156. For example, first propulsion module 125-0 may be in communication (e.g., electrical communication, fluid communication, etc.) with first projectile P0, second propulsion module 125-1 may be in communication with second projectile Pl, third propulsion module 125-2 may be in communication with third projectile P2, Nth propulsion module 125-n may be in communication with Nth projectile Pn, etc.

[0055] A propulsion module 125 may comprise any device, propellant (e.g., air, gas, etc.), primer, or the like capable of providing a propulsion force. The propulsion force may include an increase in pressure caused by rapidly expanding gas within an area or chamber (e.g., the interior of a cartridge body). The propulsion force may be applied to one or more projectiles P to cause the deployment of the projectiles P. A propulsion module 125 may provide the propulsion force in response to a respective cartridge receiving an ignition signal, as previously discussed.

[0056] In various embodiments, the propulsion force may be directly applied to one or more projectiles P. For example, a propulsion force from propulsion module 125-0 may be provided directly to first projectile P0, a propulsion force from propulsion module 125-1 may be provided directly to second projectile Pl, a propulsion force from propulsion module 125-2 may be provided directly to third projectile P2, a propulsion force from propulsion module 125-n may be provided directly to Nth projectile Pn, etc. A propulsion module 125 may be in fluid communication with one or more projectiles P to provide the propulsion force. For example, a propulsion force from apropulsion module 125 may travel within a housing or channel of a respective cartridge 1 6 to a projectile P. The propulsion force may travel via a manifold in the respective cartridge 156.

[0057] In various embodiments, the propulsion force may be provided indirectly to one or more projectiles P. For example, the propulsion force may be provided to a secondary source of propellant within the propulsion module 125. The propulsion force may launch the secondary source of propellant within the propulsion module 125, causing the secondary source of propellant to release propellant. A force associated with the released propellant may in turn provide a force to one or more projectiles P. A force generated by a secondary source of propellant may cause the projectiles P to be deployed from the respective cartridge 156.

[0058] In various embodiments, each projectile P0, Pl, P2, Pn may comprise any suitable type of projectile. For example, one or more projectiles P may be or include a projectile, an electrode (e g., an electrode dart), an entangling projectile (e.g., a tether-based entangling projectile, a net, etc.), a payload projectile (e.g., comprising a liquid or gas substance), a flashbang projectile (e.g., a pyrotechnic load that produces a flash and a loud bang), a glass-breaker projectile (e.g., ceramic balls that break and clear glass), or the like. A flashbang, for example, may include magnesium and an oxidizer designed to combust and generate a bright flash and loud bang.

[0059] In various embodiments, signal generator 145 may comprise or be in electrical series with one or more cartridges 156 received by magazine 112. For example, signal generator 145 may comprise or be in electrical series with one or more electrical contacts 105 (e.g., first electrical contact 105-0, second electrical contact 105-1, third electrical contact 105-2, “Nth” electrical contact 105-n, etc.). Electrical contacts 105 (e.g., a handle contact, a handle electrical contact, a signal generator electrical contact, etc.) may be at least partially exposed within bay 111. In response to magazine 112 being inserted within bay 111, electrical contacts 105 may engage one or more cartridges 156 loaded within magazine 112 (e.g., as depicted in FIG. 1C). Each electrical contact 105 may be configured to be in electrical series with one or more cartridges 156, including a same cartridge 156 or separate cartridges 156. For example, first electrical contact 105-0 may be in electrical series with signal generator 145 and first cartridge 156-0, second electrical contact 105-1 may be in electrical series with signal generator 145 and second cartridge 156-1, third electrical contact 105-2 may be in electrical series with signal generator 145 and third cartridge 156-2, Nth electrical contact 105-n may be in electrical series with signal generator 145 and Nth cartridge 156-n, etc.

[0060] Signal generator 145 may be configured to provide one or more electrical signals to one or more cartridges 156 via one or more electrical contacts 105. For example, signal generator 145 and / or processing circuit 135 may control provision of electrical signals to electrical contacts 105. Signal generator 145 and / or processing circuit 135 may control provision of electrical signals by enabling and / or disabling an electrical connection (e.g., a first electrical connection, a second electrical connection, a third electrical connection, a next electrical connection, etc.). The electrical connection may define the electrical coupling between signal generator 145 and one or more respective electrical contacts 105. Signal generator 145 and / or processing circuit 135 may enable and / or disable electrical connections using any suitable technique or process, such as, for example, by selectively providing electrical signals, opening and / or closing circuits or switches, and / or the like. In some embodiments, providing an electrical signal may include providing a low voltage detection signal, an ignition signal, a stimulus signal, and / or the like.

[0061] In various embodiments, a cartridge 156 may comprise an electrical contact 106 (e.g., a cartridge contact, a cartridge electrical contact, etc.) on an end of its respective cartridge body. For example, first cartridge 156-0 may comprise a first electrical contact 106-0, second cartridge 156- 1 may comprise a second electrical contact 106-1, third cartridge 156-2 may comprise a third electrical contact 106-2, Nth cartridge 156-n may comprise an “Nth” electrical contact 106-n, and / or the like.

[0062] An electrical contact 106 may be configured to allow the respective cartridge 156 to receive an electrical signal from signal generator 145, via a respective contact 105. For example, the electrical contact 106 may be configured to enable the completion of an electrical circuit between the cartridge 156 and signal generator 145. In that regard, the electrical contact 106 may be configured to transmit (or provide) a stimulus signal from signal generator 145, via an electrical contact 105, to a respective projectile P. As a further example, the electrical contact 106 may be configured to transmit (or provide) an electrical signal (e.g., an ignition signal) from signal generator 145, via an electrical contact 105, to a respective propulsion module 125. For example, the electrical contact 106 may be configured to transmit (or provide) the electrical signal to a conductor of the propulsion module 125, thereby causing the conductor to heat up and ignite a pyrotechnic material inside the propulsion module. Ignition of the pyrotechnic material may cause the propulsion module 125 to deploy (e.g., directly or indirectly) the respective projectile P from the cartridge 156.

[0063] For example, first cartridge 156-0 may be electrically coupled to signal generator 145 via first cartridge electrical contact 106-0 and first handle electrical contact 105-0; second cartridge 156-1 may be electrically coupled to signal generator 145 via second cartridge electrical contact 106-1 and second handle electrical contact 105-1; third cartridge 156-2 may be electrically coupled to signal generator 145 via third cartridge electrical contact 106-2 and third handle electrical contact 105-2; Nth cartridge 156-n may be electrically coupled to signal generator 145 via Nth cartridge electrical contact 106-n and Nth handle electrical contact 105-n; and / or the like.

[0064] In various embodiments, a cartridge electrical contact 106 may comprise one or more electrical components configured to electrically couple to a respective handle electrical contact105 in response to magazine 112 being inserted into bay 111. A cartridge electrical contact 106 may be configured to provide electrical signals to a respective cartridge 156, as previously discussed. A handle electrical contact 105 may comprise one or more electrical connectors such as a pogo pin, a spring-loaded pin, an electrical contact, an electrical probe, and / or the like. For example, one or more handle electrical contacts 105 may comprise a signal pin. The signal pin may be positioned and configured to provide an electrical signal to a cartridge electrical contact106 electrically coupled to the respective handle electrical contact 105. The signal pin may be configured to electrically couple to the cartridge electrical contact 106 on a center point of an end of a cartridge 156.

[0065] As a further example, one or more handle electrical contacts 105 may comprise a ground pin. In some embodiments, the ground pin may be positioned and configured to provide an electrical signal to a cartridge electrical contact 106 electrically coupled to the handle electrical contact 105. In some embodiments, the ground pin may be positioned and configured to provide electrical grounding. The ground pin may be located radially outward from the signal pin and may be configured to contact the cartridge electrical contact 106 at a location different from the signal pin.

[0066] In various embodiments, the signal pin may be configured to contact a cartridge electrical contact 106 at a first location on the cartridge 156, and the ground pin may be configured to contact the cartridge electrical contact 106 at a second location on the cartridge 156. The first location may be radially inward from the second location. The first location may comprise a substantially center location on an end of the cartridge 156. The second location may comprise an outer edge of an end of the cartridge 156. In various embodiments, the signal pin and / or the groundpin may be electrically coupled to (directly or in series) to one or more components of handle 110, such as, for example processing circuit 135, signal generator 145, and / or power supply 140.

[0067] In various embodiments, control interface 117 may comprise, or be similar to, any control interface disclosed herein. Control interface 117 may be configured to control selection of firing modes in projectile launcher 100. Controlling selection of firing modes in projectile launcher 100 may include disabling deployment from projectile launcher 100 (e.g., a safety mode, etc.), enabling deployment from projectile launcher 100 (e.g., an active mode, a firing mode, an escalation mode, a glass-breaking mode, a flashbang mode, etc.), controlling deployment of magazine 112, and / or similar operations. In various embodiments, control interface 117 may also be configured to perform (or cause performance of) one or more operations that do not include the selection of firing modes. For example, control interface 117 may be configured to enable the selection of operating modes of projectile launcher 100, selection of options within an operating mode of projectile launcher 100, or similar selection or scrolling operations.

[0068] Control interface 117 may be located in any suitable location on or in handle 110. For example, control interface 117 may be coupled to an outer surface of handle 110. Control interface 117 may be coupled to an outer surface of handle 110 proximate trigger 115 and / or a guard of handle 110. Control interface 117 may be electrically, mechanically, and / or electronically coupled to processing circuit 135. In various embodiments, in response to control interface 117 comprising electronic properties or components, control interface 117 may be electrically coupled to power supply 140. Control interface 117 may receive power (e.g., electrical current) from power supply 140 to power the electronic properties or components of projectile launcher 100.

[0069] Control interface 117 may be electronically or mechanically coupled to trigger 115. For example, and as discussed further herein, control interface 117 may function as a safety mechanism. In response to control interface 117 being set to a “safety mode,” projectile launcher 100 may be unable to launch projectiles P from magazine 112. For example, control interface 117 may provide a signal (e.g., a control signal) to processing circuit 135 instructing processing circuit 135 to disable deployment of projectiles P from magazine 112. As a further example, control interface 117 may electronically or mechanically prohibit trigger 115 from activating (e.g., prevent or disable a user from depressing trigger 115; prevent trigger 115 from launching a projectile P; etc.).

[0070] Control interface 1 17 may comprise any suitable electronic or mechanical component capable of enabling selection of firing modes. For example, control interface 117 may comprise a fire mode selector switch, a safety switch, a safety catch, a rotating switch, a selection switch, a selective firing mechanism, and / or any other suitable mechanical control. As a further example, control interface 117 may comprise a slide, such as a handgun slide, a reciprocating slide, or the like. In some examples, control interface 117 may comprise a touch screen, user interface or display, or similar electronic visual component.

[0071] The safety mode may be configured to prohibit deployment of a projectile P from magazine 112 in projectile launcher 100. For example, in response to a user selecting the safety mode, control interface 117 may transmit a safety mode instruction to processing circuit 135. In response to receiving the safety mode instruction, processing circuit 135 may prohibit deployment of a projectile P from magazine 112. Processing circuit 135 may prohibit deployment until a further instruction is received from control interface 117 (e.g., a firing mode instruction). As previously discussed, control interface 117 may also, or alternatively, interact with trigger 115 to prevent activation of trigger 115. In various embodiments, the safety mode may also be configured to prohibit provision of a stimulus signal from signal generator 145.

[0072] The firing mode may be configured to enable deployment of one or more projectiles P from magazine 112. For example, and in accordance with various embodiments, in response to a user selecting the firing mode, control interface 117 may transmit a firing mode instruction to processing circuit 135. In response to receiving (or determining) the firing mode instruction, processing circuit 135 may enable deployment of one or more projectiles P from magazine 112. In that regard, in response to trigger 115 being activated, processing circuit 135 may cause the deployment of one or more projectiles P. Processing circuit 135 may enable deployment until a further instruction is received (or determined) from control interface 117 (e.g., a safety mode instruction). As a further example, and in accordance with various embodiments, in response to a user selecting the firing mode, control interface 117 may also mechanically (or electronically) interact with trigger 115 to enable activation of trigger 115.

[0073] In various embodiments, projectile launcher 100 may further comprise one or more user interfaces. A user interface may be configured to receive an input from a user of projectile launcher 100 and / or transmit or provide an output to the user of projectile launcher 100. The user interface may be part of control interface 117. The user interface may be a distinct component of projectilelauncher 100 separate from control interface 1 17. The user interface may be located in any suitable location on or in handle 110. For example, the user interface may be coupled to an outer surface of handle 110 or may extend at least partially through the outer surface of handle 110. The user interface may be electrically, mechanically, and / or electronically coupled to processing circuit 135. In various embodiments, in response to the user interface comprising electronic or electrical properties or components, the user interface may be electrically coupled to power supply 140. The user interface may receive power (e.g., electrical current) from power supply 140 to power the electronic properties or components of projectile launcher 100.

[0074] In various embodiments, the user interface may comprise one or more components configured to receive an input from a user. For example, the user interface may comprise one or more of an audio capturing module (e.g., microphone) configured to receive an audio input, a visual display (e g., touchscreen, LCD, LED, etc.) configured to receive a manual input, a mechanical interface (e.g., button, switch, etc.) configured to receive a manual input, and / or the like. In various embodiments, the user interface may comprise one or more components configured to transmit, provide, and / or produce an output. For example, the user interface may comprise one or more of an audio output module (e.g., audio speaker) configured to output audio, a light-emitting component (e.g., flashlight, laser guide, LED, etc.) configured to output light, a visual display (e.g., touchscreen, LCD, LED, etc.) configured to output a visual, and / or the like.

[0075] In various embodiments, and with reference to FIGs. 2A and 2B, a magazine 212 for a projectile launcher is disclosed. Magazine 212 may be similar to any other magazine or the like disclosed herein.

[0076] Magazine 212 may comprise a housing 250 (e.g., a magazine housing, a magazine body, etc.) sized and shaped to be inserted into the bay of a projectile launcher handle (e.g., projectile launcher 100). Housing 250 may comprise a first end 251 (e.g., a deployment end, a front end, a forward end, etc.) opposite a second end 252 (e.g., a loading end, an aft end, a rear end, etc.). Magazine 212 may be configured to permit launch of one or more projectiles P from first end 251 (e g., projectiles P are launched through first end 251). Magazine 212 may be configured to permit loading of one or more cartridges 156 from second end 252. Second end 252 may also be configured to permit provision of electrical signals (e.g., stimulus signals, ignition signals, etc.) from the projectile launcher handle to cartridges 156. Second end 252 may also be configured to permit provision of a propulsion force from the projectile launcher handle to one or more cartridges156. In some embodiments, magazine 212 may also be configured to permit loading of one or more cartridges 156 from first end 251.

[0077] In various embodiments, housing 250 may define one or more bores 253. A bore 253 may comprise an axial opening through housing 250, defined and open on first end 251 and / or second end 252. Each bore 253 may be configured to receive a cartridge 156. Each bore 253 may be sized and shaped accordingly to receive and house a cartridge 156 prior to and during deployment of a projectile P from magazine 212. Each bore 253 may comprise any suitable deployment angle. One or more bores 253 may comprise similar deployment angles. One or more bores 253 may comprise different deployment angles. Housing 250 may comprise any suitable or desired number of bores 253, such as, for example, two bores, four bores, eight bores (e.g., as depicted), ten bores, and / or the like.

[0078] In operation, one or more cartridges 156 may be inserted into one or more bores 253 of magazine 212. Magazine 212 may be inserted into the bay of a projectile launcher handle. The projectile launcher may be operated to deploy one or more projectiles P from magazine 212. Magazine 212 may be removed from the bay of the projectile launcher handle. The previously deployed one or more cartridges 156 (e.g., a used cartridge 156, a spent cartridge 156, etc.) may be removed from bores 253 of magazine 212. One or more new cartridges 156 may then be inserted into the same one or more bores 253 of magazine 212 for additional deployments. The number of cartridges 156 that magazine 212 is capable of receiving may be dependent on a number of bores 253 in housing 250. For example, in response to housing 250 comprising four bores 253, magazine 212 may be configured to receive at most four cartridges 156 at a same time. As a further example, in response to housing 250 comprising eight bores 253, magazine 212 may be configured to receive at most eight cartridges 156 at a same time.

[0079] In various embodiments, and with reference to FIGs. 3A and 3B, a cartridge 355 is disclosed. Cartridge 355 may be similar to any other cartridge disclosed herein. Cartridge 355 may comprise a body 370 (e.g., a cartridge body) having a first end 371 (e.g., a deployment end, a first cartridge end, etc.) opposite a second end 372 (e.g., a contact end, a second cartridge end, etc.). Body 370 may comprise a cylindrical geometry disposed about an axis extending from first end 371 to second end 372. Body 370 may comprise a monolithic structure or may comprise separate structures coupled together to form a singular body. Body 370 may define an internal passage.

[0080] Tn various embodiments, body 370 may comprise a wide portion 374 (e.g., a base) and an elongated portion 376 (e.g., a firing tube, bore, etc.). Wide portion 374 may define second end 372. Elongated portion 376 may define first end 371. Body 370 may define a step 375 between (and separating) wide portion 374 and elongated portion 376. Step 375 may define an outer surface of body 370 extending radially inward relative to wide portion 374. Step 375 may define an outer surface of body 370 extending radially outward relative to elongated portion 376. In that regard, wide portion 374 may define a portion of body 370 from second end 372 to step 375 and elongated portion 376 may define a portion of body 370 from first end 371 to step 375. An internal passage of body 370 may be defined through wide portion 374 and elongated portion 376.

[0081] Wide portion 374 and elongated portion 376 may comprise different dimensions. For example, wide portion 374 may comprise a first diameter or first width (e.g., a first cartridge width) and a first length (e.g., a first cartridge length). Elongated portion 376 may comprise a second diameter or second width (e.g., a second cartridge width) and a second length (e.g., a second cartridge length). In the example of FIG. 3 A, the first width of wide portion 374 may be greater than the second width of elongated portion 376 (e.g., the second width may be less than the first width), and the first length may be less than the second length (e.g., the second length may be greater than the first length). Various embodiments may comprise a first width less than the second width, may comprise a first length greater than the second length, or may comprise equal first and second widths or lengths.

[0082] Wide portion 374 may comprise a consistent inner diameter from first end 371 to step 375. Elongated portion 376 may comprise a consistent inner diameter from step 375 to second end 372. The consistent inner diameter of wide portion 374 may be greater than the consistent inner diameter of elongated portion 376 in the example of FIG. 3A.

[0083] In the example of FIG. 3C, elongated portion 376 may comprise a varying outer diameter. For example, a first portion (e.g., a first body portion) of elongated portion 376 proximate first end 371 may comprise a smaller outer diameter than a second portion (e.g., a second body portion) of elongated portion 376 proximate step 375. For example, the first portion may comprise a first outer diameter and the second portion may comprise a second outer diameter. The second outer diameter may be greater than the first outer diameter. Wide portion 374 may define a third portion (e.g., a third body portion) comprising a third outer diameter. The third outer diameter may be greater than each of the second outer diameter and the first outer diameter.

[0084] Tn some embodiments, the first portion may comprise a first inner diameter and the second portion may comprise a second inner diameter. The first inner diameter may be the same, or substantially the same, as the second inner diameter. The third portion may comprise a third inner diameter. The third inner diameter may be greater than each of the first inner diameter and the second inner diameter.

[0085] In some embodiments, the first portion and the second portion may define equal parts of elongated portion 376. In some embodiments, the first portion may be smaller in length than the second portion. For example, the first portion may comprise a percentage of the length of the second portion such as 70%, 60%, 50%, 30%, 20%, 10%, or the like. The varying outer diameter between the first portion and the second portion of elongated portion 376 may define a step (e.g., a second step, a blast door step, etc.). The step may define a change in outer diameter between different portions of elongated portion 376.

[0086] In various embodiments, body 370 may comprise an outer surface 378 opposite an inner surface 379. Outer surface 378 may be configured to contact a bore of a magazine in response to being inserted into the magazine. Inner surface 379 may define an opening (e.g., a bore, a barrel, internal passage, etc.) through body 370 configured to retain a pyrotechnic load and one or more components configured to cause deployment of the pyrotechnic load, such as, for example, a cartridge inner assembly.

[0087] In various embodiments, inner surface 379 of body 370 may define a shoulder 385 between (and separating) wide portion 374 and elongated portion 376. Shoulder 385 may comprise an inner surface of body 370 extending radially inward relative to wide portion 374. Shoulder 385 may define an inner surface of body 370 extending radially outward relative to elongated portion 376. Shoulder 385 may comprise a radial inner surface of body 370 opposite step 375.

[0088] In various embodiments, cartridge 355 may comprise a blast door 386 configured to obstruct first end 371 prior to a deployment of pyrotechnic load 380 from cartridge 355. Blast door 386 may be coupled to first end 371. Blast door may be coupled to first end 371 by press fit, interference fit, adhesive, or using other suitable coupling techniques. In some examples, blast door 386 comprises a foil coupled to first end 371 by adhesive. In response to deployment of pyrotechnic load 380, blast door 386 may decouple from first end 371. For example, blast door 386 may decouple from first end 371 responsive to contact and force exerted by burning pyrotechnic load 380 or combustion of powder load 381. In some embodiments, a force causingdeployment of the pyrotechnic load from cartridge 355 may decouple blast door 386 without contact or a force from the pyrotechnic load itself. For example, an air pressure or gas pressure differential between ambient and the interior chamber defined by cartridge 355 can cause blast door 386 to deploy. In some embodiments, blast door 386 may comprise a burst disk configured to release in response to a pressure inside the cartridge building to a release threshold. Pressure build up sufficient to overcome blast door 386 can be adjusted to increase or decrease an amount of burn and pressure built up prior to projecting pyrotechnic load 380 outward.

[0089] Blast door 386 may be coupled to elongated portion 376 (e.g., first portion of elongated portion 376). Blast door 386 may extend axially aft of first end 371 towards a second portion of elongated 376 (e.g., towards step 375, second end 372, etc.). Blast door 386 may open or decouple from elongated portion 376 during a deployment.

[0090] In the example of FIG. 3C, a portion of body 370 proximate first end 371 may be sized and shaped to receive blast door 386. In that regard, the portion of body 370 proximate first end 371 may comprise different dimensions (e.g., varying dimensions) compared to a remainder of elongated portion 376. For example, the portion of body 370 proximate first end 371 may comprise an inner diameter substantially similar to the remainder of elongated portion 376 or an outer diameter smaller than the remainder of elongated portion 376 (e.g., a first outer diameter of elongated portion 376 is greater than a second outer diameter ofbody 370 proximate first end 371). Though in some embodiments elongated portion 376 may have a consistent outer diameter from first end 371 to step 375, and blast door 386 may comprise a similar inner diameter to facilitate a press fit or interference fit.

[0091] For example, and in accordance with various embodiments, DETAIL A of FIG. 3C depicts associated widths (e.g., thicknesses, wall diameters, etc.) of elongated portion 376, first end 371, and blast door 386. In the example of DETAIL A, elongated portion 376 may comprise a first width Wl. First end 371 ofbody 370 may comprise a second width W2. Blast door 386 may comprise a third width W3. In some embodiments, blast door 386 may comprise varying widths (e g., a third width, a fourth width, etc ). For example, a width of a first portion of blast door 386 obstructing the opening of first end 371 may be different from a width of a second portion (e.g., each end portion of blast door 386) coupled to first end 371 of body 370. As a further example, a width of a first portion of blast door 386 obstructing the opening of first end 371 may be greater than a width of a second portion (e.g., each end portion of blast door 386) coupled to first end 371of body 370. As a further example, a width of a first portion of blast door 386 obstructing the opening of first end 371 may be less than a width of a second portion (e.g., each end portion of blast door 386) coupled to first end 371 of body 370.

[0092] In the example of DETAIL A, first width W1 may be greater than second width W2. First width W1 may be greater than third width W3. First width W1 may be greater than second width W2 together with third width W3. First width W1 may be substantially similar to, or equal to, second width W2 together with third width W3. In some embodiments, elongated portion 376 having a first width W 1 greater than, substantially similar to, or equal to second width W2 together with third width W3 ensures that cartridge 355 may be properly received within a bore of a magazine without blast door 386 interfering with (or obstructing) the inner surface of the bore of the magazine. In some embodiments, the blast door may be configured as a plug and may have an outer diameter similar to the inner diameter of elongated portion 376 to facilitate a press fit or interference fit. In some embodiments, second width W2 may be greater than third width W3. Third width W3 may be less than second width W2. Second width W2 may be substantially similar to, or equal to, third width W3.

[0093] In various embodiments, blast door 386 may be configured to hermitically seal cartridge 355 at first end 371. In some embodiments, blast door 386 may be configured to at least partially seal internal components of cartridge 355 from the environment external body 370. In some embodiments, blast door 386 may be configured to retain pyrotechnic load 380 within cartridge 355 until deployment.

[0094] In various embodiments, pyrotechnic load 380 may be formulated to bum quickly and / or produce loud noise. Pyrotechnic load 380 may be disposed within cartridge 355 and may comprise a combustible material and an oxidizer. In some examples, pyrotechnic load 380 may comprise a combination of magnesium, metal nitrates, chlorates, aluminum, potassium perchlorate, potassium chlorate, sulfur, polytetrafluoroethylene, or other materials suitable for making or augmenting the effects of pyrotechnic load 380. Pyrotechnic load 380 may be deposited in cartridge 355 in powder form as a mixture of a combustible material and an oxidizer.

[0095] In various embodiments, pyrotechnic load 380 may be forward of and adjacent powder load 381. Powder load 381 may comprise a single-use booster commonly used with high pressure nail guns. Powder load 381 may comprise an aft end 388 that flares radially outward. Powder load 381 may comprise a blank shell in some embodiments. Powder load 381 may comprise a brasscasing retaining gunpowder. Powder load 381 may be configured to ignite the gunpowder. Powder load 381 may be configured to ignite the gunpower responsive to a force impacting and / or contacting aft end 388. Ignition of the gunpowder may cause ignition of pyrotechnic load 380.

[0096] In some embodiments, aft end 388 of powder load 381 may be positioned or pressed against shoulder 385. Positioning and / or pressing aft end 388 of powder load 381 against shoulder 385 may at least partially aid in retaining powder load 381 within cartridge 355. Positioning and / or pressing aft end 388 of powder load 381 against shoulder 385 may at least partially limit forward movement of powder load 381 within cartridge 355.

[0097] An annular spacer 383 may be configured to retain powder load 381 against shoulder 385. Spacer 383 may be configured to at least partially aid in retaining powder load 381 within cartridge 355. Spacer 383 may also be configured to at least partially limit rearward movement of powder load 381 within cartridge 355. Spacer 383 may comprise plastic, metal, alloy, composite materials, moldable materials, ceramics, or other materials suitable to position and retain powder load 381. Spacer 383 may comprise a contoured retention surface 382 sized and shaped to receive aft end 388 of powder load 381. Spacer 383 may press fit into inner diameter 384 of cartridge 355. An inner surface 387 of spacer 383 can define an internal passage from propulsion module 325 to aft end 388 of powder load 381. In response to combustion of primer 318, primer cap 320 may travel through the internal passage defined by inner surface 387 to strike aft end 388 of powder load 381.

[0098] In various embodiments, spacer 383 may be axially shortened and a second spacer may be disposed forward of aft end 388 to position powder load 381 rearward from deployment end 371 and from shoulder 385. The second spacer may comprise a metallic material or other material hard enough to support pinching of aft end 388 to discharge powder load 381. Shortening spacer 383 and adding a second spacer forward of powder load 381 may enable an increase in volume of elongated portion 376 retaining pyrotechnic load 380.

[0099] In various embodiments, cartridge 355 may comprise propulsion module 325 disposed within body 370. Propulsion module 325 may be configured to provide a propulsive force to cause deployment of a pyrotechnic load from cartridge 355. Propulsion module 325 may be similar to any other propulsion module disclosed herein. In some embodiments, propulsion module 325 may be similar to a propulsion module, propulsion device, and / the like described in U.S. PatentApplication No. 16 / 153,640 filed on October 5, 2018, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

[0100] In various embodiments, propulsion module 325 may be disposed aft of spacer 383. Propulsion module 325 may be controlled to provide a rapidly expanding gas. Propulsion module 325 may be ignited to launch a burning pyrotechnic load from cartridge 355. For example, propulsion module 325 may comprise a primer 318. The primer may be ignited in any manner, such as by a striking (e.g., percussion) movement that directly or indirectly contacts the primer or electrically by passing a current through the primer. When electrically ignited, the electrical current may comprise a direct current or an alternating current. In some embodiments, the electrical current for igniting a primer may be a pulsed current or a current provided as a step function. The polarity of the current may be positive or negative.

[0101] In some embodiments, the primer may be ignited via a mechanical striking force. For example, a mechanical striking force may be applied to contact 357. The striking force may be transferred by contact 357 to propulsion module 325. The striking force may pierce (e.g., penetrate) and / or crush (e.g., compress) the primer in propulsion module 325 thereby causing (e.g., initiating) a chemical reaction in the primer that causes the pyrotechnic material of the primer to burn (e.g., ignite). The burning of the primer produces a rapidly expanding gas. The striking force may be provided by any object such as, for example, a firing pin.

[0102] In other embodiments, propulsion module 325 may be ignited via an electrical current. For example, a current may be provided to contact 357. Contact 357 may include electrical paths (e.g., conductors) that permit the current to flow through contact 357 to propulsion module 325. Contact 357 may include mechanical structures that include electrical paths to the primer in propulsion module 325. Flow of a current to the primer may cause a conductor to heat up thereby igniting the pyrotechnic material inside the primer. An electrical path for the current may include contact 357, propulsion module 325, and / or body 370. For example, body 370 may be grounded and a voltage having a positive or negative polarity may be applied to contact 357 to induce a current to flow through contact 357 to propulsion module 325. Igniting the pyrotechnic material in the primer of propulsion module 325 produces a rapidly expanding gas configured to deploy the pyrotechnic load.

[0103] In some embodiments, propulsion module 325 can comprise a compressed gas sealed in a chamber. The compressed gas can be released in response to a physical input or an electricalinput at contact 357. The input may open a release valve or penetrate a seal causing compressed gas to rapidly expand out of the chamber.

[0104] In various embodiments, cartridge 355 may comprise primer cap 320 disposed within body 370. Primer cap 320 may be coupled to propulsion module 325. Primer cap 320 may comprise a component of propulsion module 325. Primer cap 320 may be disposed within body 370 forward of propulsion module 325. Primer cap 320 may be configured to move in a forward direction (e.g., towards first end 371) responsive to the propulsive force caused by ignition of primer 318 in propulsion module 325.

[0105] In various embodiments, cartridge 355 may comprise a cartridge inner assembly. The cartridge inner assembly may comprise one or more components configured to aid in deploying the pyrotechnic load from cartridge 355, providing a stimulus signal through the projectile, and / or the like. For example, the cartridge inner assembly may comprise one or more of a propulsion module, one or more spacers, an intermediate striking member, or a powder load.

[0106] In various embodiments, cartridge 355 may comprise a single-use cartridge. In some embodiments, cartridge 355 may be reusable. One or more components of the cartridge inner assembly may be replaced after deployment of pyrotechnic load 380 from cartridge 355. For example, after deployment of pyrotechnic load 380, propulsion module 325 may be exhausted, primer cap 320 may be displaced, powder load 381 may be spent, pyrotechnic load 380 may be discharged, etc. Replacing the components of the cartridge inner assembly may enable body 370 of cartridge 355 to be reused for a second deployment of a second projectile at a later time. For example, the exhausted propulsion module may be removed from the second end 372 and a new propulsion module 325 may be coupled to cartridge 355 in its place.

[0107] In various embodiments, one or more components of the cartridge inner assembly may be removable from second end 372. Second end 372 and body 370 may be sized and shaped to enable the removal of one or more components. For example, in some embodiments contact 357 may couple to and obstruct second end 372. In other embodiments, contact 357 may be part of propulsion module 325 and an aft surface of propulsion module 325 may couple to and obstruct second end 372. Contact 357 and / or propulsion module 325 may be decoupled from second end 372 to remove one or more components of the cartridge inner assembly from second end 372. Powder load 381 may be retained within cartridge 355 after firing. Spacer 383 and shoulder 385may retain spent powder load 381 in position. Spacer 383 and powder load 381 may be removed from second end 372.

[0108] With reference to FIGs. 3C and 3D, deployment of cartridge 355 is shown, in accordance with various embodiments. Cartridge 355 may comprise a contact 357 disposed proximate (or on) second end 372. Contact 357 may be similar to any other contact disclosed herein. Contact 357 may be configured to allow cartridge 355 to receive an electrical signal from a CEW handle, projectile launcher, or other deployment platform. For example, contact 357 may comprise an electrical contact configured to enable the completion of an electrical circuit between cartridge 355 and a signal generator of the CEW handle. In that regard, contact 357 may be configured to transmit (or provide) an electrical signal (e.g., an ignition signal) from the CEW handle to propulsion module 325 within cartridge 355. As a further example, and in accordance with some embodiments, contact 357 may be configured to interface with a signal pin of a deployment platform and body 370 may be configured to interface with a ground pin of the deployment platform.

[0109] For example, contact 357 may be configured to transmit the electrical signal to conductor 319 of propulsion module 325, thereby causing conductor 319 to heat up and ignite primer 318 of propulsion module 325. Ignition of the primer may cause the propulsion module to deploy (e.g., directly or indirectly) the pyrotechnic load 380 from cartridge 355.

[0110] In the example of FIGs. 3C and 3D, ignition of primer 318 via electrical signal accelerates primer cap 320 forward into aft end 388 of powder load 381. Aft end 388 of powder load 381 is pinched between primer cap 320 and shoulder 385 (or secondary spacer if applicable) in response to the forward translation of primer cap 320. The sudden striking force and pinch causes aft end 388 of powder load 381 to ignite. Propulsion module 325 of cartridge 355 may thus be electrically fired and may cause a secondary powder load 381 or secondary primer to fire, causing ignition and deployment of pyrotechnic load 380. Cartridge 355 may thus discharge a pyrotechnic load (e.g., a flashbang) in response to an electronic firing signal.[0U1] Powder load 381 may be disposed aft of pyrotechnic load 380, in accordance with various embodiments. Powder load 381 may extend from wide portion 374 into elongated portion 376 of cartridge 355. Powder load 381 may be fired in response to an impact on aft end 388. An impact on or around the perimeter area of aft end 388 may cause aft end 388 to pinch against shoulder 385. The sudden pinching motion may ignite gunpowder inside powder load 381 causingflammable powder within powder load 381 to combust (e.g., ignite, discharge, etc.). The combustion of powder load 381 ignites pyrotechnic load 380 and urges pyrotechnic load 380 in a forward direction outward from deployment end 371. Ignition of pyrotechnic load 380 may cause a rapid expansion of gas in volume 321.

[0112] In some embodiments, an intermediate striking member may be disposed between primer cap 320 and aft end 388 of powder load 381. The intermediate striking member may receive impact from primer cap 320 and redirect the forces to the perimeter region of aft end 388. The intermediate striking member can comprise sharp features or circular features to distribute pressure to a desired location of aft end 388. In some embodiments, intermediate striking member can comprise a single sharp feature to amplify pressure applied at a desired point on aft end 388.

[0113] In the example of FIG. 3D, primer 318 has combusted resulting in rapid expansion of gas in volume 321 aft of primer cap 320. Combustion of primer 318 may cause pressure to build in volume 321, which may initially be defined between primer cap 320 and one or more of sealing structure 322 of propulsion module 325, body 370 of propulsion module 325, or remnants of expended primer 318.

[0114] As primer cap 320 translates in the forward direction, primer cap 320 may strike aft end 388 of powder load 381 and deflect a wall of aft end 388 forward. Aft end 388 of primer cap 320 may be configured to receive the propulsive force directly or indirectly from propulsion module 325. The forward end may be configured to transfer or provide the force to powder load 381 to cause ignition and deployment of pyrotechnic load 380 from cartridge 355.

[0115] In various embodiments, burning pyrotechnic load 380 may be expelled from first end 371 of cartridge 355 in a substantially conical pattern. The exit velocity of pyrotechnic load 380 exiting cartridge 355 may be tuned to a desired level by tuning the volume available for pyrotechnic load 180 or by tuning the amount of combustible material in powder load 381. The rate of burn or firing rate of pyrotechnic load 380 may control the distance from cartridge 355 over which detonation is complete. The muzzle flash or visible burning of pyrotechnic load may be limited to within 1 foot (ft) (0.3048 meters (m)), within 2 ft (0.6096 m), within 3 ft (0.9144 m), within 4 ft (1.2192 m), or within 5 ft (1.524 m) of cartridge 355, for example. Limiting the volume in which pyrotechnic load 380 burns off after deployment tends to limit potential fire or burn hazards. Pyrotechnic load 380 may be configured to bum quickly, typically completing the burn before the pyrotechnic load reaches the ground in response to deployment.

[0116] Flashbang cartridges of the present disclosure adapt compatible firing platforms to stun, disorient, and / or disable targets using bright light and loud noises delivered nearly instantaneously. Flashbang cartridges may enable alternative use cases for projectile launchers, CEWs, and / or other mobile firing platforms, for example. The flashbang cartridge is detonated in the cartridge, which is retained in the firing platform. Flashbang cartridges can thus comprise handheld or platform- retained flashbangs enabling precisely timed and directed deployments. Cartridges can be reloaded for use, and magazines can be reloaded with cartridges, enabling efficient reuse. Cartridges may be interchangeable with different types of cartridges (e g., a cartridge containing an electrode and lead of a traditional CEW), allowing a single firing platform to carry different payloads for different purposes.

[0117] In various embodiments, a cartridge is disclosed. The cartridge may comprise a body comprising a wide portion and an elongated portion connected by a shoulder. The cartridge may comprise a primer cap configured to translate in a forward direction. The cartridge may comprise a spacer forward of the primer cap. The primer cap may be configured to translate in the forward direction through the spacer. The cartridge may comprise a powder load forward of the spacer with an aft end of the powder load exposed from the spacer. The powder load may extend into the elongated portion of the body. The cartridge may comprise a pyrotechnic load forward of the powder load.

[0118] In various embodiments, the cartridge may further comprise a propulsion module. The propulsion module may comprise a conductor configured to receive an electrical signal. The propulsion module may comprise a primer adjacent the conductor and configured to ignite in response to the electrical signal. The propulsion module may comprise the primer cap. Ignition of the primer may cause the primer cap to translate in the forward direction.

[0119] In various embodiments, the primer cap may strike the aft end of the powder load causing the powder load to combust. The pyrotechnic load may ignite and exit a forward end of the body in response to combustion of the powder load. The pyrotechnic load may comprise an oxidizer mixed with at least one of aluminum or magnesium. The spacer may comprise a contoured retention surface configured to position the powder load against the shoulder of the body. The cartridge may further comprise a contact disposed at the aft end of the body and configured to receive an electrical signal from a deployment platform, and the electrical signal may beconfigured to cause the primer cap to translate in the forward direction. The cartridge may further comprise a burst disk coupled to a forward end of the body.

[0120] In various embodiments, a deployment platform is disclosed. The deployment platform may be deployable in response to an electrical signal. The deployment platform may comprise a housing defining a bore. The deployment platform may comprise a cartridge disposed in the bore. The cartridge may comprise a body having an inner surface defining an internal passage. The cartridge may comprise a propulsion module in the internal passage and configured to expand a gas in response to the electrical signal. The cartridge may comprise a powder load in the internal passage and adjacent the propulsion module. The cartridge may comprise a pyrotechnic load in the internal passage adjacent the powder load.

[0121] In various embodiments, the deployment platform may further comprise a magazine removably coupled to the deployment platform, wherein the magazine comprises the housing. The deployment platform may comprise an unmanned vehicle. The propulsion module may comprise a conductor configured to receive the electrical signal; a primer configured to ignite in response to the electrical signal; and a primer cap disposed between the primer and an aft end of the powder load, and the primer cap may strike the aft end of the powder load in response to the primer igniting.

[0122] In various embodiments, a cartridge is disclosed. The cartridge may comprise a body having an inner surface defining an internal passage. The cartridge may comprise a propulsion module coupled to the inner surface at an aft end of the body. The propulsion module may be configured to expand a gas in response to an electrical signal. The cartridge may comprise a powder load disposed in the internal passage and forward of the propulsion module. The cartridge may comprise a pyrotechnic load disposed in the internal passage and forward of the powder load. The cartridge may comprise a door coupled to a forward end of the body.

[0123] In various embodiments, the propulsion module may comprise a conductor configured to receive the electrical signal. The propulsion module may comprise a primer adjacent the conductor and configured to ignite in response to the electrical signal. The propulsion module may comprise a primer cap disposed between the primer and an aft end of the powder load. The primer cap may strike the aft end of the powder load in response to expanding the gas. The powder load may combust in response to the primer cap striking the aft end of the powder load. The pyrotechnic load may ignite and exit the forward end of the body in response to the powder load combusting.

[0124] Tn various embodiments, the pyrotechnic load may comprise an oxidizer mixed with at least one of aluminum or magnesium. The cartridge may further comprise a spacer disposed between the propulsion module and the powder load. The spacer may position a perimeter of the aft end against a shoulder of the body.

[0125] Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and / or physical couplings between the various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical system. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of the disclosures.

[0126] The scope of the disclosure is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims and their legal equivalents, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” Moreover, where a phrase similar to “at least one of A, B, or C” is used in the claims, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of the elements A, B, and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C.

[0127] Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided herein. In the detailed description herein, references to “various embodiments,” “some embodiments,” “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “an example embodiment,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments.

[0128] Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element is intended to be a means-plus-function claim element unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a nonexclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Claims

CLAIMSWhat is claimed is:

1. A cartridge, comprising: a body comprising a wide portion and an elongated portion connected by a shoulder; a primer cap configured to translate in a forward direction; a spacer forward of the primer cap, wherein the primer cap is configured to translate in the forward direction through the spacer; a powder load forward of the spacer with an aft end of the powder load exposed from the spacer, wherein the powder load extends into the elongated portion of the body; and a pyrotechnic load forward of the powder load.

2. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a propulsion module comprising: a conductor configured to receive an electrical signal; a primer adjacent the conductor and configured to ignite in response to the electrical signal; and the primer cap, wherein ignition of the primer is configured to cause the primer cap to translate in the forward direction.

3. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the primer cap is configured to strike the aft end of the powder load causing the powder load to combust.

4. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the pyrotechnic load is configured to ignite and exit a forward end of the body in response to combustion of the powder load.

5. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the pyrotechnic load comprises an oxidizer mixed with at least one of aluminum or magnesium.

6. The cartridge of claim 1, wherein the spacer comprises a contoured retention surface configured to position the powder load against the shoulder of the body.

7. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a contact disposed at the aft end of the body and configured to receive an electrical signal from a deployment platform, wherein the electrical signal is configured to cause the primer cap to translate in the forward direction.

8. The cartridge of claim 1, further comprising a burst disk coupled to a forward end of the body.

9. A deployment platform deployable in response to an electrical signal, the deployment platform comprising: a housing defining a bore; and a cartridge disposed in the bore, the cartridge comprising: a body having an inner surface defining an internal passage; a propulsion module in the internal passage and configured to expand a gas in response to the electrical signal; a powder load in the internal passage and adjacent the propulsion module; and a pyrotechnic load in the internal passage adjacent the powder load.

10. The deployment platform of claim 9, further comprising: a magazine removably coupled to the deployment platform, wherein the magazine comprises the housing.

11. The deployment platform of claim 9, wherein the deployment platform comprises an unmanned vehicle.

12. The deployment platform of claim 9, wherein the propulsion module comprises: a conductor configured to receive the electrical signal; a primer configured to ignite in response to the electrical signal; and a primer cap disposed between the primer and an aft end of the powder load, wherein the primer cap is configured to strike the aft end of the powder load in response to the primer igniting.

13. A cartridge, comprising: a body having an inner surface defining an internal passage;a propulsion module coupled to the inner surface at an aft end of the body, the propulsion module configured to expand a gas in response to an electrical signal; a powder load disposed in the internal passage and forward of the propulsion module; a pyrotechnic load disposed in the internal passage and forward of the powder load; and a door coupled to a forward end of the body.

14. The cartridge of claim 13, wherein the propulsion module comprises: a conductor configured to receive the electrical signal; a primer adjacent the conductor and configured to ignite in response to the electrical signal; and a primer cap disposed between the primer and an aft end of the powder load.

15. The cartridge of claim 14, wherein the primer cap is configured to strike the aft end of the powder load in response to expanding the gas.

16. The cartridge of claim 15, wherein the powder load is configured to combust in response to the primer cap striking the aft end of the powder load.

17. The cartridge of claim 16, wherein the pyrotechnic load is configured to ignite and exit the forward end of the body in response to the powder load combusting.

18. The cartridge of claim 13, wherein the pyrotechnic load comprises an oxidizer mixed with at least one of aluminum or magnesium.

19. The cartridge of claim 13, further comprising a spacer disposed between the propulsion module and the powder load.

20. The cartridge of claim 19, wherein the spacer positions a perimeter of the aft end against a shoulder of the body.

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