Marine-fuel-cell combined cooling, heating and power system

Abstract

The prevent invention relates to a marine-fuel-cell combined cooling, heating and power system. The system comprises a power supply system and a waste heat recovery system, wherein the power supply system comprises a wind turbine generator set, a solar generator set and a fuel cell power supply module; the waste heat recovery system comprises a turbine power generation module and a lithium bromide refrigeration module; the fuel cell power supply module is connected to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module; the turbine power generation module is used for generating power by using waste heat; and the lithium bromide refrigeration module is used for cooling supply and heat supply by using waste heat. In the present invention, a turbine power generation module supplies power to a ship by using part of exhaust gas waste heat produced by a fuel cell power supply module, a lithium bromide refrigeration module uses the other part of the exhaust gas waste heat to provide cooling energy for the ship, and thermal energy is provided for the ship by excess exhaust gas waste heat, such that the exhaust gas waste heat produced by the fuel cell power supply module is fully used, thereby achieving a high comprehensive energy utilization rate. Moreover, the self-consumed power and pure hydrogen fuel for the integrated energy supply system can be obtained from solar energy and wind energy, such that the low-carbon emission of the entire integrated energy supply system is ensured.

Description

A marine fuel cell combined heat and power system Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a marine fuel cell combined heat and power system. Background Technology

[0002] Low-carbon and zero-carbon power is the most effective way for ships to reduce carbon emissions. The national dual-carbon and self-reliant control strategies bring market and policy opportunities for the development of ship propulsion. There are many ways for ships to achieve carbon emission reduction, including hull form optimization, auxiliary energy-saving devices, low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels, high-efficiency propulsion devices, new power systems, and operational management. Among these, low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels are the most direct and effective way to reduce carbon emissions. The carbon reduction rate of low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels ranges from 11% to 100%. By switching to low-carbon or zero-carbon fuels, carbon emission reduction or even carbon neutrality can be achieved quickly.

[0003] Hydrogen and its derivatives, such as ammonia and methanol, are the most likely alternative fuels for zero-carbon ship propulsion in the future. They will effectively alleviate the urgent carbon emission reduction needs of the shipping industry, and developing hydrogen energy will be a key measure for the country to address the deep decarbonization needs of the shipping industry in the long term. In the future, the fuels used in fuel cells and internal combustion engines will gradually be unified to low-carbon and zero-carbon fuels such as LNG, methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen. Fuel cells have higher efficiency, greater power density, and lower vibration and noise than internal combustion engines. As fuel cell technology matures further and costs decrease further, they can be used not only in inland waterway and coastal vessels but also are expected to be used in ocean-going vessels.

[0004] Patent CN117039042A discloses a solid oxide battery combined cooling, heating, and power system and method thereof. The system uses a solid oxide battery power generation module to generate electricity and a lithium bromide absorption cooling module to utilize the waste heat of the solid oxide battery power generation module. The solid oxide battery power generation module includes a solid oxide fuel cell unit and a solid oxide electrolyzer unit. The solid oxide electrolyzer unit is used to treat the anode exhaust gas of the solid oxide fuel cell in the solid oxide fuel cell unit.

[0005] However, the aforementioned existing technologies cannot fully utilize the waste heat generated by the solid oxide battery power generation module, resulting in a low overall energy utilization rate. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a marine fuel cell combined heat and power system to solve the technical problem that the waste heat generated by the solid oxide battery power generation module cannot be fully utilized in the existing technology, resulting in a low overall energy utilization rate.

[0007] This invention provides a marine fuel cell combined heat and power (CHP) system, which includes:

[0008] The power supply system includes a wind turbine generator set, a solar generator set, and a fuel cell power supply module. The wind turbine generator set and the solar generator set generate electricity using wind energy and solar energy, respectively, and the fuel cell power supply module generates electricity using hydrogen-based fuel.

[0009] The waste heat recovery system includes a turbine power generation module and a lithium bromide refrigeration module. The fuel cell power supply module is connected to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The turbine power generation module is used to generate electricity using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module, and the lithium bromide refrigeration module is used to provide cooling and heating using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module.

[0010] In some embodiments, the fuel cell power supply module includes a water electrolysis device, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage device, a fuel reformer, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, and a burner connected in sequence. The water electrolysis device is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen compressor is used to compress hydrogen and deliver it to the hydrogen storage device. The fuel reformer is used to mix and reform hydrogen, high-temperature air, SOFC exhaust gas, and hydrogen-based fuel, and deliver it to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module for power generation. The burner is connected to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The burner is used to burn the exhaust gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module and deliver the generated high-temperature exhaust gas to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module.

[0011] In some embodiments, the turbine power generation module includes a compressor, a gas heat exchanger, a turbine generator, and an air preheater. The compressor is connected to the cold side of the gas heat exchanger, the cold side of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the turbine generator, and the hot side of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the burner. The gas heat exchanger is used to heat the air entering the turbine generator using the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner. The hot side of the air preheater is connected to the turbine generator, and the cold side of the air preheater is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module. The air preheater is used to heat the air entering the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module using the exhaust gas generated by the turbine generator.

[0012] In some embodiments, the lithium bromide refrigeration module includes a generator, an absorber, a condenser, and an evaporator. The generator is connected to the hot side of the gas heat exchanger. The generator contains an aqueous lithium bromide solution. The generator is used to heat the aqueous lithium bromide solution using high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner. The generator is cyclically connected to the absorber for circulating the aqueous lithium bromide solution. The generator is sequentially connected to the condenser, the evaporator, and the absorber. The generator is used to supply water vapor to the condenser. The condenser is used to condense the water vapor into condensate. The evaporator is used to convert the condensate into water vapor and provide external cooling. The absorber is used to mix and dilute the water vapor with the aqueous lithium bromide solution.

[0013] In some embodiments, a first water pump and an expansion valve are connected in sequence between the condenser and the evaporator;

[0014] The absorber supplies an aqueous solution of lithium bromide to the generator via a lithium bromide solution pump.

[0015] In some embodiments, the generator supplies a concentrated lithium bromide aqueous solution to the absorber through a first pipe, and the absorber supplies a dilute lithium bromide aqueous solution to the generator through a second pipe;

[0016] The lithium bromide refrigeration module also includes a heat exchanger, with the first pipe connected to the hot side of the heat exchanger and the second pipe connected to the cold side of the heat exchanger.

[0017] In some embodiments, the evaporator is connected to the hydrogen compressor via a cooling pipe, and the evaporator is used to supply cooling to the hydrogen compressor.

[0018] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a boiler and a steam superheater, wherein the steam outlet of the boiler is connected to the steam superheater and the outlet of the steam superheater is connected to the fuel reformer, and the steam superheater is used to heat the steam generated by the boiler and deliver it to the fuel reformer.

[0019] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve. The hot side of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the second three-way valve and the generator of the lithium bromide refrigeration module through the first three-way valve, and the second three-way valve is connected to the steam superheater and the boiler.

[0020] In some embodiments, the power supply system further includes a condensate tank, a third three-way valve, and a second water pump. The inlet of the condensate tank is connected to the outlet of the boiler, and the outlet of the condensate tank is connected to the second water pump and the water electrolysis device respectively through the third three-way valve. The second water pump is connected to the boiler. The condensate tank is used to condense the steam generated by the boiler and deliver water to the boiler and the water electrolysis device respectively.

[0021] Compared with existing technologies, the marine fuel cell combined heat and power (CHP) system provided by this invention utilizes wind and solar power to generate electricity, respectively, while the fuel cell power supply module generates electricity using hydrogen-based fuel. The fuel cell power supply module is connected to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The turbine power generation module utilizes the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module to generate electricity, and the lithium bromide refrigeration module utilizes the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module for both cooling and heating. In this application, the electrical energy originates from the wind turbine, the solar power generation module, the fuel cell power supply module, and the turbine power generation module. The thermal energy comes from the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power supply module, and the cold energy comes from the lithium bromide refrigeration module, thus providing electrical, thermal, and cold energy for large ocean-going vessels. Based on the fuel cell power supply module providing the main power for the vessel, part of the waste heat from the exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power supply module powers the vessel through the turbine power generation module, and another part provides cold energy to the vessel through the lithium bromide refrigeration module. Excess waste heat from the exhaust gas provides thermal energy to the vessel. By making full use of the waste heat from the exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power supply module, the overall energy utilization rate is high. Furthermore, the self-consumption of electricity and pure hydrogen fuel of the above-mentioned integrated energy supply system can be obtained through solar and wind energy, ensuring low carbon emissions of the entire integrated energy supply system.

[0022] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it according to the contents of the specification, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Specific embodiments of the present invention are given in detail in the following embodiments and their accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this application, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the marine fuel cell combined heat and power system provided by the present invention.

[0025] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 101-Wind turbine generator set, 102-Solar generator set, 103-Water electrolysis unit, 104-Hydrogen compressor, 105-Hydrogen storage unit, 106-Fuel reformer, 107-Solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, 108-Burner, 109-Boiler, 110-Steam superheater, 111-First three-way valve, 112-Second three-way valve, 113-Condensate tank, 114-Third three-way valve, 115-Second water pump; 201-Compressor, 202-Gas heat exchanger, 203-Turbine generator, 204-Air preheater, 205-Generator, 206-Lithium bromide solution pump, 207-Heat exchanger, 208-Absorber, 209-Condenser, 210-First water pump, 211-Expansion valve, 212-Evaporator. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 1. The marine fuel cell combined heat and power (CHP) system includes a power supply system and a waste heat recovery system. The power supply system includes a wind turbine generator set 101, a solar generator set 102, and a fuel cell power supply module. The wind turbine generator set 101 and the solar generator set 102 generate electricity using wind energy and solar energy, respectively. The fuel cell power supply module generates electricity using hydrogen-based fuel. The waste heat recovery system includes a turbine generator module and a lithium bromide refrigeration module. The fuel cell power supply module is connected to the turbine generator module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The turbine generator module is used to generate electricity using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module, and the lithium bromide refrigeration module is used to provide cooling and heating using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module.

[0028] The present invention provides a marine fuel cell combined heat and power (CHP) system, wherein the wind turbine generator set 101 and the solar generator set 102 generate electricity using wind energy and solar energy respectively, and the fuel cell power supply module generates electricity using hydrogen-based fuel; the fuel cell power supply module is connected to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module, the turbine power generation module is used to generate electricity using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module, and the lithium bromide refrigeration module is used to provide cooling and heating using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module. In this application, the electrical energy comes from the wind turbine generator set 101, the solar generator set 102, the fuel cell power supply module, and the turbine power generation module. The system provides electrical, thermal, and cooling energy to large ocean-going vessels by utilizing the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the fuel cell power supply module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The fuel cell power supply module provides the vessel's main propulsion, while the waste heat from the exhaust gas is used to power the vessel via a turbine generator module and to provide cooling energy via the lithium bromide refrigeration module. Excess waste heat is used to provide thermal energy. This comprehensive energy utilization system achieves high overall energy efficiency by fully utilizing the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module. Furthermore, the self-consumption of electricity and pure hydrogen fuel in this integrated energy supply system can be obtained through solar and wind power, ensuring low carbon emissions for the entire system.

[0029] Further, in this embodiment, the fuel cell power supply module includes a water electrolysis device 103, a hydrogen compressor 104, a hydrogen storage device 105, a fuel reformer 106, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107, and a burner 108 connected in sequence. The water electrolysis device 103 is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen compressor 104 is used to compress hydrogen and deliver it to the hydrogen storage device 105. The fuel reformer 106 is used to mix and reform hydrogen, high-temperature air, SOFC exhaust gas, and hydrogen-based fuel, and deliver it to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107 for power generation. The burner 108 is connected to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The burner 108 is used to burn the exhaust gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107 and deliver the generated high-temperature exhaust gas to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module.

[0030] Specifically, the water electrolysis device 103 produces hydrogen and oxygen by electrolyzing water. The oxygen can be directly released into the air, while the hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen compressor 104. The hydrogen is compressed by the hydrogen compressor 104, bringing it to a high temperature and high pressure state. It is then transported to the hydrogen storage device 105 for storage. When needed, the hydrogen is transported to the fuel reformer 106 through the hydrogen storage device 105. Simultaneously, the ship's hydrogen-based fuel is connected to the fuel reformer 106 and supplied to it. High-temperature air, SOFC exhaust gas, and steam are also introduced into the fuel reformer 106. In the fuel reformer 106, high-temperature air, SOFC exhaust gas, LNG / methanol, and other mature marine low-carbon hydrogen-based fuels are mixed and reformed. Finally, the mixture enters the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107 to generate electricity. At the same time as generating electricity, the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107 also generates combustible high-temperature exhaust gas. To avoid environmental pollution and to make full use of waste heat, the high-temperature exhaust gas is introduced into the burner 108 and mixed with the air introduced into the burner 108 for combustion, generating even higher-temperature exhaust gas. The generated high-temperature exhaust gas is then delivered to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module for waste heat utilization.

[0031] The electrical energy required by the water electrolysis device 103 can be provided by the wind turbine generator set 101 and the solar generator set 102.

[0032] Further, in this embodiment, the turbine power generation module includes a compressor 201, a gas heat exchanger 202, a turbine generator 203, and an air preheater 204. The compressor 201 is connected to the cold side of the gas heat exchanger 202, the cold side of the gas heat exchanger 202 is connected to the turbine generator 203, and the hot side of the gas heat exchanger 202 is connected to the burner 108. The gas heat exchanger 202 is used to heat the air entering the turbine generator 203 using the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner 108. The hot side of the air preheater 204 is connected to the turbine generator 203, and the cold side of the air preheater 204 is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107. The air preheater 204 is used to heat the air entering the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107 using the exhaust gas generated by the turbine generator 203.

[0033] Specifically, the high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from the burner 108 first passes through the hot side of the gas heat exchanger 202 and enters the generator 205. The compressor 201 compresses the air, putting it under high pressure. The high-pressure air is then delivered to the cold side of the gas heat exchanger 202, allowing it to exchange heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas. This heats the high-pressure air, converting it into the high-temperature, high-pressure air required by the turbine generator 203. Finally, the high-temperature, high-pressure air enters the turbine generator 203 to generate electricity, providing power to the ship. The air that has done work then enters the air preheater 204. The air preheater 204 is also connected to a pipeline that supplies air to the fuel reformer 106, so that the high-temperature gas generated by the turbine generator 203 preheats the air entering the fuel reformer 106. The high-temperature gas generated by the turbine generator 203, after heat exchange in the air preheater 204, finally enters the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107.

[0034] Further, in this embodiment, the lithium bromide refrigeration module includes a generator 205, an absorber 208, a condenser 209, and an evaporator 212. The generator 205 is connected to the hot side of the gas heat exchanger 202. The generator 205 contains an aqueous lithium bromide solution. The generator 205 is used to heat the aqueous lithium bromide solution with the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner 108. The generator 205 is cyclically connected to the absorber 208, and the generator 205 and the absorber 208 are used for circulating the aqueous lithium bromide solution. The generator 205 is sequentially connected to the condenser 209, the evaporator 212, and the absorber 208. The generator 205 is used to supply water vapor to the condenser 209, and the condenser 209 is used to condense the water vapor into condensate. The evaporator 212 is used to convert the condensate into water vapor and provide external cooling. The absorber 208 is used to mix and dilute the water vapor with the aqueous lithium bromide solution.

[0035] In practical use, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner 108 heats the lithium bromide aqueous solution in the generator 205, causing it to produce water vapor. Simultaneously, the concentration of the lithium bromide aqueous solution gradually increases. At this point, the high-concentration lithium bromide aqueous solution is transported to the absorber 208, while the generated water vapor is transported to the condenser 209. Through heat exchange with an external cold source in the condenser 209, the water vapor condenses into high-pressure, low-temperature liquid water. This high-pressure, low-temperature liquid water is then transported to the evaporator 212, where it rapidly expands and vaporizes, absorbing a large amount of vapor from the evaporator 212 during the vaporization process. The internal cooling water generates heat to achieve cooling, enabling the evaporator 212 to provide external cooling. The water vapor vaporized in the evaporator 212 is then transported to the absorber 208 to dilute the concentration of the lithium bromide aqueous solution in the absorber 208. The diluted lithium bromide aqueous solution is then transported to the generator 205 to complete the refrigeration cycle. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner 108 heats the lithium bromide aqueous solution in the generator 205 and is then discharged from the generator 205, thus providing external heating. This configuration allows the lithium bromide refrigeration module to provide both external cooling and heating.

[0036] Furthermore, to facilitate fluid transport between the various instruments, in this embodiment, a first water pump 210 and an expansion valve 211 are sequentially connected between the condenser 209 and the evaporator 212; the absorber 208 delivers a lithium bromide aqueous solution to the generator 205 via a lithium bromide solution pump 206.

[0037] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the generator 205 supplies a concentrated lithium bromide aqueous solution to the absorber 208 through a first pipe, and the absorber 208 supplies a dilute lithium bromide aqueous solution to the generator 205 through a second pipe; the lithium bromide refrigeration module also includes a heat exchanger 207, the first pipe being connected to the hot side of the heat exchanger 207, and the second pipe being connected to the cold side of the heat exchanger 207.

[0038] Furthermore, the hydrogen compressor 104 generates a large amount of heat during operation, and this high heat can affect its operation. Therefore, in this embodiment, the evaporator 212 is connected to the hydrogen compressor 104 via a cooling pipe, and the evaporator 212 is used to supply cooling to the hydrogen compressor 104. This configuration allows for cooling of the hydrogen compressor 104, thereby reducing its temperature.

[0039] Furthermore, steam is required within the fuel reformer 106. In this embodiment, the power supply system further includes a boiler 109 and a steam superheater 110. The steam outlet of the boiler 109 is connected to the steam superheater 110, and the outlet of the steam superheater 110 is connected to the fuel reformer 106. The steam superheater 110 heats the steam generated by the boiler 109 and delivers it to the fuel reformer 106. By providing the boiler 109, steam can be supplied to the fuel reformer 106.

[0040] Furthermore, the power supply system also includes a first three-way valve 111 and a second three-way valve 112. The hot side of the gas heat exchanger 202 is connected to the second three-way valve 112 and the generator 205 of the lithium bromide refrigeration module via the first three-way valve 111. The second three-way valve 112 is connected to the steam superheater 110 and the boiler 109. Part of the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner 108 is sent to the generator 205, part is sent to the steam superheater 110, and the remaining part is sent to the boiler 109. This arrangement can fully utilize the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner 108.

[0041] Furthermore, the boiler 109 generates a large amount of steam. In this embodiment, the power supply system also includes a condensate tank 113, a third three-way valve 114, and a second water pump 115. The inlet of the condensate tank 113 is connected to the outlet of the boiler 109, and the outlet of the condensate tank 113 is connected to the second water pump 115 and the water electrolysis device 103 respectively through the third three-way valve 114. The second water pump 115 is connected to the boiler 109. The condensate tank 113 is used to condense the steam generated by the boiler 109 and deliver water to the boiler 109 and the water electrolysis device 103 respectively.

[0042] The specific working principle of this application is as follows:

[0043] In the power supply circuit, electricity is generated by the wind turbine generator 101 and the solar generator 102 installed on the ship, providing power to the outside world. Pure hydrogen and pure oxygen can also be generated by the water electrolysis device 103. The pure oxygen is directly discharged, while the pure hydrogen is pressurized by the hydrogen compressor 104 into high-temperature, high-pressure hydrogen gas, which is stored in the hydrogen storage device 105. When needed, the hydrogen gas can be transported to the fuel reformer 106, where it is mixed and reformed with mature marine low-carbon hydrogen-based fuels such as high-temperature air, SOFC exhaust gas, and LNG / methanol. The reformed hydrogen gas then enters the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107 to generate electricity. The exhaust gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107 continues to burn in the burner 108 to produce high-temperature exhaust gas, which passes through the gas heat exchanger. 202 can heat the cold end air of the worm gear generator, and then distribute it to the refrigeration circuit and the exhaust gas treatment circuit as needed through the first three-way valve 111 and the second three-way valve 112. In the exhaust gas treatment circuit, high-temperature exhaust gas is successively transported to the steam superheater 110 and the fuel reformer 106 through the first three-way valve 111 and the second three-way valve 112. The steam superheater 110 also has high-temperature steam generated from the boiler 109. The high-temperature exhaust gas can also bypass the boiler 109 directly through the second three-way valve 112 to preheat the supply water. The steam in the boiler 109 is condensed and stored in the condensate tank 113. Other exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere. The condensate can be used as an additional water source for the water electrolysis device 103, or it can be supplied externally or supplied to the boiler 109. In addition, after being pressurized by the compressor 201, the air absorbs the waste heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner 108 in the gas heat exchanger 202, and then generates electricity in the turbine generator 203. Finally, the high-temperature air is preheated by the air preheater 204 before entering the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107.

[0044] In the heating circuit, the high-temperature exhaust gas heats the compressed air at the outlet of the compressor 201 through the gas heat exchanger 202, and then distributes it to the generator 205 as needed through the first three-way valve 111. After heating the lithium bromide aqueous solution in the generator 205, it supplies heat to the outside.

[0045] In the cooling circuit, after the lithium bromide aqueous solution in generator 205 absorbs the waste heat of the high-temperature exhaust gas, the water in the lithium bromide aqueous solution continuously vaporizes, and the concentration of the lithium bromide aqueous solution in generator 205 continuously increases. It then enters absorber 208, while the water vapor enters condenser 209. The water vapor is cooled by the external cooling water in condenser 209 and condenses into high-pressure, low-temperature liquid water. When the water in condenser 209 enters evaporator 212 through the first water pump 210 and expansion valve 211, it rapidly expands and vaporizes, absorbing a large amount of heat from the refrigerant water in evaporator 212 during the vaporization process, thereby achieving the purpose of cooling. During this process, low-temperature water vapor enters absorber 208 and is absorbed by the lithium bromide aqueous solution in absorber 208, gradually reducing the solution concentration. It is then returned to generator 205 by lithium bromide solution pump 206. The refrigerant water in evaporator 212 can also be used for cooling hydrogen compressor 104.

[0046] This application provides ships with electricity, heat, and cooling energy through an integrated energy system combining wind, solar, and traditional marine hydrogen-based fuels. The electricity comes from a wind turbine 101, a solar generator 102, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107, and a turbine generator 203. The heat comes from the high-temperature exhaust gas from the burner 108 at the tail of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107, and the cooling energy comes from a lithium bromide refrigeration module. In this integrated energy supply system, the heat is also used to heat the inlet air of the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module 107, the inlet air of the compressor 201, and the generator 205, while the cooling energy is used to cool the hydrogen compressor 104. This application exhibits high overall energy utilization and significant emission reduction effects from the use of hydrogen-based fuels such as LNG, methanol, and ammonia, making it an ideal green marine propulsion system.

[0047] In the description of this application, it should be noted that directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are used only to explain the relative positional relationships and movement of the components in a specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indicators will also change accordingly. Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element. Additionally, the meaning of "and / or" throughout the text includes three parallel options; for example, "A and / or B" includes option A, option B, or options where both A and B are satisfied simultaneously. Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0049] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A marine fuel cell combined heat and power system, characterized in that, It includes: The power supply system includes a wind turbine generator set, a solar generator set, and a fuel cell power supply module. The wind turbine generator set and the solar generator set generate electricity using wind energy and solar energy, respectively, and the fuel cell power supply module generates electricity using hydrogen-based fuel. A waste heat recovery system includes a turbine power generation module and a lithium bromide refrigeration module. The fuel cell power supply module is connected to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The turbine power generation module is used to generate electricity using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module, and the lithium bromide refrigeration module is used to provide cooling and heating using the waste heat generated by the fuel cell power supply module. The fuel cell power supply module includes a water electrolysis device, a hydrogen compressor, a hydrogen storage device, a fuel reformer, a solid oxide fuel cell power generation module, and a burner connected in sequence. The water electrolysis device is used to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen compressor is used to compress hydrogen and deliver it to the hydrogen storage device. The fuel reformer is used to mix and reform hydrogen, high-temperature air, SOFC exhaust gas, and hydrogen-based fuel, and deliver it to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module for power generation. The burner is connected to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The burner is used to burn the exhaust gas generated by the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module and deliver the generated high-temperature exhaust gas to the turbine power generation module and the lithium bromide refrigeration module. The turbine power generation module includes a compressor, a gas heat exchanger, a turbine generator, and an air preheater. The compressor is connected to the cold side of the gas heat exchanger, the cold side of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the turbine generator, and the hot side of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the burner. The gas heat exchanger is used to heat the air entering the turbine generator using the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner. The hot side of the air preheater is connected to the turbine generator, and the cold side of the air preheater is connected to the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module. The air preheater is used to heat the air entering the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module using the exhaust gas generated by the turbine generator. The air preheater is also connected to a pipeline that supplies air to the fuel reformer, so as to preheat the air entering the fuel reformer with the high-temperature gas generated by the turbine generator, and the high-temperature gas generated by the turbine generator finally enters the solid oxide fuel cell power generation module after heat exchange in the air preheater.

2. The marine fuel cell combined heat and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium bromide refrigeration module includes a generator, an absorber, a condenser, and an evaporator. The generator is connected to the hot side of the gas heat exchanger. The generator contains an aqueous lithium bromide solution and is used to heat the aqueous lithium bromide solution with the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the burner. The generator is cyclically connected to the absorber for circulating the aqueous lithium bromide solution. The generator is sequentially connected to the condenser, the evaporator, and the absorber. The generator supplies water vapor to the condenser, which condenses the water vapor into condensate. The evaporator converts the condensate into water vapor and provides external cooling. The absorber mixes and dilutes the water vapor with the aqueous lithium bromide solution.

3. The marine fuel cell combined heat and power system according to claim 2, characterized in that, A first water pump and an expansion valve are connected in sequence between the condenser and the evaporator. The absorber supplies an aqueous solution of lithium bromide to the generator via a lithium bromide solution pump.

4. The marine fuel cell combined heat and power system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The generator supplies a concentrated lithium bromide solution to the absorber through a first pipe, and the absorber supplies a dilute lithium bromide solution to the generator through a second pipe. The lithium bromide refrigeration module also includes a heat exchanger, with the first pipe connected to the hot side of the heat exchanger and the second pipe connected to the cold side of the heat exchanger.

5. The marine fuel cell combined heat and power system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The evaporator is connected to the hydrogen compressor via a cooling pipe, and the evaporator is used to supply cooling to the hydrogen compressor.

6. The marine fuel cell combined heat and power system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply system also includes a boiler and a steam superheater. The steam outlet of the boiler is connected to the steam superheater, and the outlet of the steam superheater is connected to the fuel reformer. The steam superheater is used to heat the steam generated by the boiler and deliver it to the fuel reformer.

7. The marine fuel cell combined heat and power system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power supply system also includes a first three-way valve and a second three-way valve. The hot side of the gas heat exchanger is connected to the second three-way valve and the generator of the lithium bromide refrigeration module through the first three-way valve. The second three-way valve is connected to the steam superheater and the boiler.

8. The marine fuel cell combined heat and power system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The power supply system also includes a condensate tank, a third three-way valve, and a second water pump. The inlet of the condensate tank is connected to the outlet of the boiler, and the outlet of the condensate tank is connected to the second water pump and the water electrolysis device through the third three-way valve. The second water pump is connected to the boiler. The condensate tank is used to condense the steam generated by the boiler and deliver water to the boiler and the water electrolysis device respectively.

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