System arrangement for a drive train of lifting mechanisms, and method for operating same

Abstract

The invention relates to a system arrangement (1) for a drive train of lifting mechanisms, comprising at least one drive motor (10), at least one cable drum (40) connected thereto, a reduction gear (30) arranged between the at least one drive motor (10) and the at least one cable drum (40), and at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and at least one device for providing a service brake functionality, wherein both the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality are designed in the manner of a friction brake actuated by an actuation system, in which friction brake, when the brake is applied, a brake lining can be pressed against a friction surface moved directly or indirectly by the drive motor. The at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality have at least one common friction surface, wherein the at least one common friction surface is arranged on the output side with respect to the reduction gear 30.

Description

[0001] System arrangement for a drive train of hoists and methods for their operation

[0002] The invention relates to a system arrangement for a drive train of lifting devices, in particular crane lifting devices, comprising at least one drive motor, at least one cable drum connected thereto, a reduction gear arranged between the at least one drive motor and the at least one cable drum, as well as at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and at least one device for providing a service brake functionality, wherein both brake devices are designed in the manner of a friction brake, in which, upon a respective brake release or brake actuation, a brake pad can be pressed against a friction surface moved directly or indirectly by the drive motor to convert kinetic energy of the system arrangement into heat by means of friction.

[0003] Such system arrangements are well known in the field and are described, for example, in the disclosure document.

[0004] EP 1 661 845 Bl of fenbart. In such conventional system arrangements, in addition to at least one safety brake, which serves for emergency stop braking in the event of a malfunction, a service brake is provided which, in the operation of such a system arrangement in non-emergency situations, i.e., in non-malfunction-related operating situations, provides braking or holding of the load to be carried. Conventionally, the service brake is arranged in the drive train between the at least one drive motor and the at least one reduction gear, i.e., it acts directly on the motor shaft of the drive motor, while the safety brake is arranged on the output side of the at least one reduction gear to ensure that even in the event of a gearbox failure, the load can be safely stopped and held by the safety brake.

[0005] The invention is based on the objective of simplifying a conventional system arrangement for the drive train of lifting devices with regard to its construction and thus making it more cost-effective.

[0006] This problem is solved on the device side by a system arrangement for a drive train of works with the features of claim 1. The system arrangement according to the invention for a drive train of lifting devices, in particular crane lifting devices, comprises at least one drive motor, at least one cable drum connected thereto, a reduction gear arranged between the at least one drive motor and the at least one cable drum, as well as at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and at least one device for providing a service brake functionality, wherein both the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality are designed in the form of a friction brake, in which, upon a respective brake release or...Brake actuation: A brake pad can be pressed against a friction surface moved directly or indirectly by the drive motor to convert kinetic energy in the drive train into heat energy via friction or to hold a load. The system arrangement according to the invention is characterized in that the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality have at least one common friction surface, in particular by providing at least one common brake disc, wherein the at least one common friction surface is arranged on the output side of the reduction gear.

[0007] The invention is based on the fundamental idea of ​​arranging and setting up the devices for providing the braking functionality (safety brake / service brake) in a system arrangement for a drive train of lifting devices in such a way that the necessary frictional energy can be generated on the output side to the reduction gear, ultimately in such a way that the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality as well as the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality are both arranged on the output side to the reduction gear and have at least one friction surface of the brakes in common, in particular in the form of a brake disc having the common friction surface or a brake drum having the common friction surface.

[0008] According to the invention, the term "device for providing service brake functionality" or "device for providing safety brake functionality" includes the actuating system for actuating the respective brake as well as the actual friction brake, in which the conversion of kinetic energy into heat energy via friction takes place, i.e., comprising the components for providing the friction surface as well as a component for providing the brake lining and at least one component comprising a brake actuator for pressing the brake lining against the friction surface when actuating the respective device for providing the brake functionality.

[0009] Because at least one device for providing safety brake functionality and at least one device for providing service brake functionality share at least sections or components of the respective actual brake and are arranged on the output side of the reduction gear, components can be saved and maintenance costs reduced compared to conventional system arrangements.

[0010] In this context, a device for providing a safety brake functionality may be configured and designed to trigger an emergency stop brake in the event of a malfunction such as a gearbox failure, a power failure or activation of an emergency stop, while a device for providing a service brake functionality may be configured and designed to trigger a braking or holding of the load to be carried in the operation of such a system arrangement in non-emergency situations, i.e. in non-fault-related operating situations.It may be provided that the device for providing a safety brake functionality is set up and designed to trigger the braking with a predetermined, in particular a predetermined maximum braking force, while the device for providing a service brake functionality is set up and designed to trigger the braking with an operating situation-dependent, in particular variable, braking force.

[0011] It may be particularly advantageous to provide that not only the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality share at least sections or components of the respective actual brake, but also sections or components of the respective actuation system, for example a hydraulic or pneumatic, or electrical actuation system.

[0012] It can be provided that the component providing the friction surface of the actual brake is arranged on the output side of the reduction gear.

[0013] In one embodiment of the system arrangement according to the invention, it can advantageously be provided that the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality have a common friction surface, in particular in the form of a common brake disc or brake drum, which is arranged on the output side of the reduction gear. In this embodiment, both devices, i.e.,The device for providing a safety brake functionality and the device for providing a service brake functionality, which have a common friction surface, in particular in the form of a common brake disc or a common brake drum, wherein further components of the respective friction brake, in particular a brake shoe having the brake lining and a brake caliper receiving the brake shoe with a brake piston (brake actuator) pressing against the brake shoe when the brake is actuated to press it against the friction surface, may be provided separately from each other by the device for providing a safety brake functionality and the device for providing a service brake functionality.

[0014] To simplify the design of the system arrangement according to the invention, it can advantageously be provided that the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality have at least one common friction brake, which can be actuated via a respective actuation system, in particular independently of each other, and which is arranged on the output side of the reduction gear. In this embodiment, both devices, i.e., the device for providing a safety brake functionality and the device for providing a service brake functionality, utilize both the one common friction surface, in particular in the form of a common brake disc or a common brake drum, as well as other common components or, if applicable, other components.the entire components of the friction brake, in particular comprising a brake pad having the brake lining and, if applicable, a brake caliper receiving the brake pad with a brake piston (brake actuator) pressing against the brake pad when the brake is actuated to press it against the friction surface.

[0015] To further simplify the system arrangement according to the invention, it can be provided that the actuation method or the basic principle of the force transmission of the respective actuation system for actuating the at least one friction brake of the device for providing a service brake functionality and the actuation method of the device for providing a safety brake functionality is identical, in particular mechanically by spring force, hydraulically, electrically, electrohydraulically, pneumatically or magnetically.

[0016] Advantageously, the device for providing service brake functionality and the device for providing safety brake functionality may have a shared actuation system, particularly in the form of an actuation circuit shared at least in sections, especially for the respective activation of at least one common brake actuator or at least one common brake, such as a common disc brake. Depending on the design, such a brake actuator may, for example, be hydraulically, electrically, electrohydraulically, pneumatically, or magnetically deflectable to apply a contact pressure of a brake pad against an associated friction surface.

[0017] To trigger at least one device for

[0018] To provide service braking functionality and / or to trigger at least one device for providing safety braking functionality, the actuation system, which is at least partially common, may include at least one energy storage device that can be switched to activate the at least one brake actuator. This design of the system arrangement according to the invention allows braking, in particular safety braking or service braking, to be triggered, depending on the operating situation, by switching the at least one energy storage device to the at least one brake actuator. Preferably, the at least one energy storage device is arranged to be rechargeable within the actuation system.

[0019] It can be provided that, for triggering the at least one device for providing service brake functionality and / or for triggering the at least one device for providing emergency brake functionality, the actuation system, which is at least partially common, has at least one energy storage device of the device for providing service brake functionality that can be switched to activate the at least one brake actuator, and at least one energy storage device of the device for providing emergency brake functionality that can be switched to actuate the at least one brake actuator. This design of the system arrangement according to the invention allows braking adapted to the operating situation to be triggered by switching on an energy storage device associated with either service braking or emergency braking to actuate the at least one brake actuator.Preferably, the respective energy storage devices are arranged to be rechargeable in the actuation system.

[0020] It can be provided that, in a non-activation or non-triggering operating state of the at least one friction brake, the target energy stored in the energy storage device for providing safety brake functionality and the energy stored in the energy storage device for providing service brake functionality differ, so that an appropriate braking action can be carried out depending on the situation. Preferably, it can be provided that the energy stored in the energy storage device for providing safety brake functionality is at least 1.25 times, in particular 1.5 times, preferably 2 times greater than the energy stored in the energy storage device for providing service brake functionality, in order to provide the necessary emergency stop braking without delay when a safety brake is triggered.

[0021] For safety reasons, the device for providing a safety brake function may include a plurality of switchable energy storage devices, each connected to at least one brake actuator for its actuation. Furthermore, the device for providing a service brake function may include a plurality of switchable energy storage devices, each connected to at least one brake actuator for its actuation. These energy storage devices may differ, in particular, with regard to the stored energy and thus with regard to the braking force provided when the brakes are initiated. In this way, each service brake application can be carried out depending on the operation or situation, e.g., depending on the applied actual load. Depending on the design of the actuation system, or...The energy storage device in the actuation circuit can be designed as a fluid pressure storage device, in particular a compressed air storage device or an oil pressure storage device. In an electrical actuation system, such an energy storage device for the device providing a safety brake functionality and / or the device providing a service brake functionality can be designed as a capacitor device, coil device, or battery / accumulator device. In the case of a mechanical actuation system, such an energy storage device can, for example, be designed as a spring force storage device.

[0022] For controlling the (brake) actuation system or the (brake) actuation circuit of the system arrangement according to the invention, a brake control unit can be provided as well as a plurality of sensors connected to it with data, wherein the brake control unit is arranged and configured to control the actuation or triggering of the device for providing a safety brake functionality and / or the device for providing a service brake functionality depending on data signals from the sensors.

[0023] Furthermore, it can be provided that the brake control is designed as a sub-unit of a central control unit of the system arrangement according to the invention or is connected to such a central control unit of the system arrangement according to the invention, for example a crane control unit. In this way, a central control unit, which can be designed, for example, as a programmable logic controller, which includes at least one device for providing service brake functionality and / or at least one

[0024] Control the device to provide a safety brake functionality.

[0025] In particular, it may be provided that the sensors connected to the brake control or the central control include at least one sensor for detecting the rotational position of a motor shaft of the at least one drive motor and one sensor for detecting the rotational position of a drum shaft of the at least one cable drum, wherein the brake control or the central control is set up and configured to control the triggering of the device for providing a safety brake functionality or the devices for providing a service brake functionality, depending on electrical I-st ​​operating parameters of the at least one drive motor and rotational position sensor signals assigned to the drum shaft and / or the motor shaft.Other suitable sensors can be, for example, pressure sensors, especially for detecting fluid pressure, such as oil pressure within the actuation system, for example the internal pressure of a fluid pressure accumulator, or load cells, for example for detecting a weight load.

[0026] Advantageously, the brake control system can be configured to control the actuation system or actuation circuit of a plurality of controllable actuators, each of which can be arranged and configured to independently activate the device for providing service brake functionality and the device for providing safety brake functionality. Such an actuator can, for example, be configured as a fluid valve, in particular as a pneumatic or hydraulic valve, or as an electrical switch.

[0027] In a suitable embodiment, the at least one friction brake of the system arrangement according to the invention can be designed as a spring-applied brake in order to ensure safe braking and holding of the load in fault operating situations such as a gearbox failure, a power failure, a manually triggered emergency shutdown, and the like, regardless of the state of the actuating system. In this embodiment of a so-called passive brake, brake release is ensured even in the event of a failure of the actuating system. The actuating system is designed and configured to keep the at least one friction brake of the system arrangement according to the invention open in operating situations in which no fault and no brake release occur.In the implementation of a passive brake, the actuation system, which is at least partially shared, can include an energy storage device that can be switched to activate at least one brake actuator. This energy storage device is designed and arranged to be switched to activate the at least one brake actuator during both emergency braking and service braking. Thus, depending on the operating situation, switching the energy storage device on to activate the at least one brake actuator can trigger either emergency braking or service braking.

[0028] In a further embodiment of the system arrangement according to the invention, the at least one friction brake can be designed as an active brake, in which the actuating system is configured and designed to directly generate the braking force with which a brake pad is pressed against an associated braking surface, in contrast to the passive brake described above, in which the actuating system is configured and designed to counteract a spring action to close the brake when the passive brake is not triggered, so that the brake is open. In order to ensure, with such an active brake, that when the brake is not triggered, the friction surface and the associated brake pad are at least minimally damaged, i.e.,Since the brake is released, at least one brake can advantageously be designed as a spring-released brake, in which the actuating system is configured and designed to counteract a spring action that would open the brake when the active brake is triggered, so that the brake is closed. This embodiment of the system arrangement according to the invention has a lower energy requirement for providing the brake functionality during operation, but compared to the embodiment with passive brake functionality, it may require increased measures to ensure the operational capability of the actuating system, for example by providing one or more maintenance and testing routines, such as regularly performing brake tests and / or maintenance routines to verify the functionality of the actuating system.In the implementation of an active brake, the actuation system, which is at least partially shared, can include an energy storage device that can be switched to activate the at least one brake actuator. This energy storage device is designed and arranged to be switched to activate the at least one brake actuator during both emergency braking and service braking. However, as shown above, it is also possible to provide different energy storage devices for emergency braking and service braking, which can be particularly advantageous when using an active brake.

[0029] Advantageously, the actuation system or actuation circuit can have a plurality of controllable actuators, in particular controlled by the brake control system, which are arranged and configured to independently activate the device for providing service brake functionality and the device for providing emergency brake functionality. Depending on the type of actuation system, such actuators can be, for example, pneumatic or hydraulic valves or electrical switches, etc. For example, the actuation system can have a plurality of actuators which are arranged and configured to connect an energy storage device of the device for providing service brake functionality and / or to connect an energy storage device of the device for providing emergency brake functionality to a brake piston of a brake that is at least partially common.As shown, this brake, which is at least partially shared, can include the braking surface, for example, the brake disc or brake drum providing this braking surface, or, for example, the entire brake. These actuators can also be arranged and configured, for example, to activate a supply system for the actuation or braking system, e.g., to charge an energy storage device of the system for providing service brake functionality and / or an energy storage device of the system for providing safety brake functionality to a respective target value.

[0030] The above problem is further solved by a method for operating a system arrangement for a drive train for hoists, in particular for crane hoists, with at least one drive motor, at least one cable drum connected thereto, a reduction gear arranged between the at least one drive motor and the at least one cable drum, and at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and at least one device for providing a service brake functionality, wherein both the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality are designed in the manner of a friction brake actuated by an actuating system, in which, upon the respective brake release or-actuating a brake pad, a brake pad is pressed against a friction surface moved directly or indirectly by the drive motor, particularly for operating a system arrangement according to one of the embodiments of a system arrangement according to the invention described above. The method according to the invention is characterized in that, when the device for providing a safety brake functionality is triggered or actuated, and when the device for providing a service brake functionality is triggered, at least one brake pad is pressed against the at least one common friction surface arranged on the output side of the reduction gear.In accordance with the inventive method, a friction surface is used that is associated with both the at least one device for providing a safety brake function and the at least one device for providing a service brake function. When braking is initiated, an associated brake pad is pressed against this friction surface to generate frictional energy and / or to hold a load. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, it can be provided that the at least one common friction surface of the device for providing a service brake function and the device for providing a safety brake function is provided by a brake disc having the at least one common friction surface.

[0031] Preferably, in the method according to the invention, it can be provided that for triggering the safety brake functionality as well as for triggering the service brake functionality, at least one associated rechargeable energy storage device is switched to at least one brake actuator of a friction brake comprising at least one common friction surface.

[0032] To provide an operational function of the system arrangement according to the invention, it can advantageously be provided that, depending on electrical operating parameters of the at least one drive motor, depending on the rotational position of the at least one drive motor, and / or depending on the rotational position of the at least one cable drum, the activation of the device for providing a safety brake function and / or the activation of the device for providing a service brake function is controlled. This control can also be based on and dependent on sensor signals, for example, from pressure sensors and / or load cells. For example, pressure sensors can be used to detect pressure data from a hydraulic or pneumatic actuation system.The actuation circuit may include, for example, the detection of leaks in the actuation system and the shutdown of the entire system assembly in the event of a fault. Load cells can, for example, be designed to detect the weight load acting on the drive train and to shut down the system when a predefined load threshold is exceeded.

[0033] To determine wear on the friction brake, which is at least partially shared, it may be advantageous to initiate a service brake or an emergency brake application and measure the braking deceleration by detecting a change in the rotational position of the cable drum from the moment the brake is initiated. It may also be advantageous to compare the measured braking deceleration with a predetermined braking deceleration threshold, particularly one that is stored or retrievable from an external data source, or with a data set of braking decelerations and wear levels. If a predetermined braking deceleration threshold or wear level is exceeded, a maintenance warning is triggered. Such a warning can be visual and / or audible, for example.The method according to the invention is suitable both for detecting the wear of the brake lining of the respective friction brake and for detecting the wear of the friction surface, in particular the wear of a brake disc providing the at least one friction surface. Preferably, it can be provided that such braking decelerations are regularly detected and that monitoring is carried out by storing the detected braking decelerations and / or associated wear levels in a retrievable memory. In one embodiment, it can be provided that the at least one cable drum is first brought to a predetermined rotational speed of the cable drum by controlling the at least one drive motor, in order to trigger the braking when this predetermined rotational speed is reached.Preferably, this brake test can be carried out without a load and with a predetermined rope length in order to provide repeatable test conditions.

[0034] To clean the at least shared friction surface, in particular to clean a friction surface or brake disc shared by the device for providing safety brake functionality and the device for providing service brake functionality, it can advantageously be provided that a braking action is carried out by applying a predetermined energy input to the at least one brake actuator of the at least partially shared friction brake, in particular the shared friction brake. Preferably, such a cleaning braking action can be carried out automatically at regular intervals, i.e., initiated by a brake control unit and depending on the respective operating situation. Such an operating situation could, for example, be the load case "lowering", in which the drive motor is controlled to lower the load.To ensure the continuous safe operation of the system arrangement according to the invention, it can advantageously be provided that the stored actual energy (Ist) in the at least one energy storage device of the device for providing a safety brake functionality and / or in the at least one energy storage device of the device for providing a service brake functionality is determined between brake applications, the determined actual energy is compared with a predetermined threshold energy of the respective energy storage device, and after a fall below the predetermined threshold energy of the respective energy storage device is detected, it is recharged to a predetermined target energy. For example, in an actuation system, in particular comprising a brake circuit and a supply circuit, which is e.g. a hydraulic system or...A hydraulic circuit can be set up in which the respective actual internal pressure of the respective storage unit is recorded or measured, the measured actual internal pressure is compared with a predetermined threshold value, and if the threshold value is undershot, an energy storage unit designed here as a pressure vessel is charged to a predetermined target pressure.

[0035] In a modification of the described method, it can also be provided that, in the event of a fall below a further predetermined threshold energy of the respective energy storage device, a malfunction is detected and a corresponding safety- or maintenance-related signal, in particular in the form of an electrical, optical, or acoustic signal, is emitted. In this manner, it can be determined according to the invention whether the actuation system of the system arrangement according to the invention is functioning correctly or, for example, whether a leak is present, which may require and thus trigger the activation of the device for providing a safety brake functionality.

[0036] In order to detect mechanical play in the drive train of the system arrangement according to the invention, it can advantageously be provided that the at least one, at least partially common, friction brake is triggered to reach and maintain a rest position of the rope drum, wherein after reaching said rest position the rotational position of the at least one drive motor is detected and the drive motor is actuated for lifting until the rotational position of the at least one rope drum changes from its rest position and at this time of change the changed rotational position of the at least one drive motor is detected, wherein the mechanical play in the drive train of the system arrangement is determined as a function of the change in the rotational position of the at least one drive motor, in particular the change in the rotational position of the at least one drive motor is used as a measure for the play in the drive train of the system arrangement.Advantageously, the detection of play in the drive train of the system arrangement according to the invention can be carried out regularly, whereby monitoring of the change in play can be provided by storing the relevant data in a retrievable memory.

[0037] To perform a brake function test on the system arrangement according to the invention, it can be provided that the at least one, at least partially common, friction brake is triggered to reach and maintain a rest position of the rope drum. After reaching said rest position of the rope drum, the rotational position of the at least one drive motor is detected, and the motor is controlled to lift the rope until the rotational position of the at least one rope drum changes from its rest position. It can also be provided that, after reaching the rest position of the at least one rope drum, the drive motor is controlled to generate an increasing motor torque until the rotational position of the at least one rope drum changes from its rest position. The torque provided by the motor at the time of the change can then be determined, in particular measured, and compared with a predetermined threshold value.If the comparison reveals that a predefined torque threshold has been breached, a warning message may be issued or, for example, a safety brake may be triggered. It may be possible to configure the drive motor to perform this brake function test regularly for safety reasons, and monitoring can be provided by storing the recorded torques in a retrievable memory. Depending on the design, the specified brake function test can be performed without a load or with a predefined load.

[0038] The invention is explained below by describing one embodiment and its variations with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein

[0039] Figure 1: a system arrangement designed according to the invention for a drive train of lifting devices in a schematic representation,

[0040] Figure 2 shows an embodiment of an actuation system according to the invention in the form of a hydraulic circuit in a schematic representation, and Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a system arrangement designed according to the invention for a drive train of lifting devices.

[0041] The invention is described by a

[0042] The following is an explanation of a system arrangement for the drive train of a crane hoist, including variations. According to Figure 1, the system arrangement 1 can have at least one drive motor 10, which can in particular be an electric motor. The output shaft 11 of the at least one drive motor 10 can be connected via a coupling 20 to a reduction gear 30, to which a cable drum 40 is coupled on the output side via a cable drum joint 35. The cable drum joint 35 comprises a joint part on the gear side and a joint part on the cable drum side with positive locking elements arranged between the joint parts to generate a positive locking connection between the joint parts.The safety brake, which is usually flanged to the shaft 41 of the cable drum 40, is designed as a universal brake 50, which here is designed as a disc brake comprising a brake disc 51 and at least one, here two, brake calipers 52, 53, each of which has a brake actuator (not shown) that presses a brake pad covered with a brake lining against the brake disc 51 when the brake is released. Depending on the design, the brake 50 can be configured as a fixed or floating caliper brake.

[0043] The system arrangement 1 according to the invention differs essentially from conventional system arrangements for a drive train of a crane hoist in that the functionality of a working brake, usually coupled to the motor shaft 11, such as the safety brake, is arranged on the output side of the reduction gear 30, such that both the device for providing a safety brake functionality and the device for providing a service brake functionality have at least one common friction surface, and in the described embodiment use the same friction brake, in which a brake pad is pressed against a friction surface moved directly or indirectly by the drive motor 10 when the brake is triggered.In the described embodiment, both the device for providing a safety brake functionality and the device for providing a service brake functionality have at least one common brake, hereinafter referred to as the universal brake, here at least one common disc brake 50.

[0044] The design of the system arrangement 1 according to the invention does not require a service brake arranged on the motor shaft 11, thereby reducing the moving mass of the arrangement to improve its responsiveness and reduce energy consumption during operation. Furthermore, specific stresses in the reduction gear can be avoided, which can be a significant problem when using a service brake on the drive side of the reduction gear 30 and a safety brake on the output side of the reduction gear 30. By providing the universal brake 50, the design and cost effort for the system arrangement 1 according to the invention is reduced.Furthermore, it is ensured that, due to the use of the universal brake 50 as a service and safety brake in the system arrangement 1 according to the invention, the brake itself can be used without delay in the event of emergency braking. This is a consequence of the fact that the brake disc 51 or the universal brake 50 is used regularly during operation and, in the event of a malfunction requiring or triggering emergency braking, it does not first need to be "freed up" by braking, i.e., the brake linings that develop during periods of inactivity do not first need to be worn away by braking before the maximum braking force can be provided at the brake.

[0045] In the embodiment of the system arrangement 1 according to the invention, the actuation system of the device for providing the safety brake functionality and the device for providing the service brake functionality is hydraulically designed and comprises a supply circuit 70, which is designed in particular to provide a supply oil pressure for the hydraulic brake circuit 60 and is connected to it.

[0046] In the system arrangement 1 according to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the device for providing a safety brake functionality and the device for providing a service brake functionality comprise the universal brake 50 designed as a disc brake, which is designed as a hydraulically actuated brake, as well as an associated actuating system for actuating the disc brake 50 comprising the supply circuit 70 and the brake circuit 60 supplied by the supply circuit 70, which is connected via the brake line 61 to hydraulically actuated brake pistons (brake actuator) of the universal brake 50.

[0047] The actuation system further comprises a brake control 80, for example in the form of a programmable logic controller (PLC), which is connected via control lines 81, 82 to control control elements of the supply circuit 70 or control elements or actuators such as hydraulic valves of the brake circuit 60. The brake control 80 also has a plurality of signal inputs, to which it is connected via signal lines 83, 84, in particular to rotary angle detection devices for detecting the respective rotational position or rotational speed of the drive motor 10 and the cable drum 40. For this purpose, for example a motor encoder 12 can be arranged on the motor shaft 11 of the drive motor 10 and a rope drum encoder 42 on the shaft 41 of the rope drum 40, so that the brake control 80 receives information about the respective rotational position of the drive motor 10 or 42 via the signals from the rotary angle encoders 12 , 42 during operation.the cable drum 40 is present, depending on which the actuation system of the specified braking devices can be controlled.

[0048] It may be provided that the brake control 80 is further connected to the drive control of the motor 10 and receives information about electrical operating parameters, in particular electrical I st operating parameters of the drive motor 10, via this or via further sensors and is set up and designed to also use this for controlling the brake actuation system.

[0049] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the brake circuit 60 of the system arrangement 1 of Figure 1. For connection to the supply circuit 70, the brake circuit 60 is connected on the input side to the output line 71 and on the output side to the input line 72 of the supply circuit 70. On the output side, the hydraulic coupling to the universal brake 50 is achieved via the brake line 61 to activate at least one brake piston of the universal brake 50.

[0050] In the described embodiment, the device for providing service brake functionality and the device for providing safety brake functionality have a sectionally shared actuation system in the form of the sectionally shared brake circuit 60 and the supply circuit 70. The complete supply circuit in the described embodiment of Figures 1 and 2 is for both brake devices.

[0051] (Service brake functionality / Safety brake functionality!) identical, while sections of the brake circuit are assigned to only one of the two brake functionalities. In the schematic diagram of Figure 2, a hydraulic pressure accumulator 65 is provided, which is assigned to the service brake functionality, and a hydraulic pressure accumulator 65, which is assigned to the safety brake functionality. In addition, the brake circuit 60 has a plurality of actuators, here hydraulic valves 62, 63, 64, which can be controlled by the brake control 80 via the control line 81 depending on a respective operating situation, see Figure 1.

[0052] The brake control unit 80 is configured and designed to control the actuators or valves 62, 63, 64 of the brake circuit 60, depending on the operating situation, so that a desired brake activation is triggered. To initiate an emergency brake application, the brake control unit 80 controls the valves 62, 63, 64 so that the hydraulic pressure accumulator 66, which serves as an energy storage device for providing emergency brake functionality, is switched on to the brake actuators (brake pistons) of the universal brake 50.

[0053] In a corresponding manner, the brake control 80 controls the actuators 62, 63, 64 of the brake circuit 60 to trigger a service brake application, such that the hydraulic pressure accumulator 65, arranged as an energy storage device for the provision of a service brake functionality, is switched to the brake actuators (brake pistons) of the universal brake 50.

[0054] The at least one universal brake 50 of the system arrangement according to the invention shown in Figures 1 and 2 can be designed as a passive brake, in particular as a spring-closing brake, or as an active brake, in particular as a spring-opening brake. In such embodiments, in which the at least one universal brake 50 is designed as an active brake, the actuator or the valve 62 can be open when the electric drive motor is de-energized, and the current actuators or the valves 63 and 64 can be closed, so that pressure is applied to the universal brake 50 and the valve 62 is arranged and designed in the system arrangement to activate the safety braking.

[0055] As a person skilled in the art will recognize, the respective brake pressure can be set by determining the energy stored in the respective pressure accumulators. In principle, it can be provided that the energy storage device assigned to the safety brake function has a greater energy or pressure than the hydraulic pressure accumulator 65 assigned to the service brake function. It may be advantageous to continuously monitor the energy or pressure stored in the pressure accumulators 65 and 66 to ensure that, in the event of a braking action, this can be carried out with a predetermined target pressure in the brake system or brake line 61.In principle, the brake control 80 can be set up and configured to control the actuation of the device for providing a safety brake functionality or / or the actuation of the device for providing a service brake functionality, depending on the electrical actual operating parameters of the at least one drive motor 10 and depending on the shaft 41 of the rope drum 40 and / or the shaft of the rotation position sensor signals assigned to the drive motor 10.

[0056] Figure 3 shows a second embodiment of a system arrangement 1 designed according to the invention, in which the drive train comprises two system arrangements 1 corresponding to the design of the system arrangement 1 of Figure 1. Each of these system arrangements 1 comprises a drive motor 10.1 / 10.2, which is connected via a coupling 20.1 / 20.2 to a reduction gear 30.1 / 30.2, to which a respective cable drum 40.1 / 40.2 is flanged on the output side via a respective cable drum joint connection 35.1 / 35.2, wherein a respective cable drum encoder or rotary encoder 42.1 / 42.2 detects the angle of rotation of the associated cable drum 40.1 / 40.2 and a respective encoder or rotary encoder 12.1 / 12.2 detects a respective angular position of rotation of the associated drive motor 10.1 / 10.2. The two sub-system arrangements are connected by means of a synchronization shaft 90 according to the embodiments of Figure 3, such that the respective rotational positions of the rope drums 40.1 / 40.2 are essentially identical. The control of the twin arrangement shown in Figure 3 is carried out via the supply and control unit 100, which has the hydraulic supply and control 110 as well as the electrical control and supply 120, which are centrally integrated here in the supply and control unit 100.

[0057] The inventive design of a system arrangement 1 according to Figure 1 or Figure 3 can be used to carry out a variety of processes that simplify maintenance and provide inspection capabilities. For example, to determine wear of the at least partially common brake, here the universal brake 50, it can be provided that a service brake or a safety brake is triggered and a braking deceleration is measured from the moment of triggering by detecting a change in the rotational position of the cable drum 40 / 40.1 / 40.2, from which wear of the brake, in particular of the brake lining and / or the brake disc 51, can be determined. Preferably, such measurements of the braking deceleration can be carried out regularly and monitoring can be provided by storing the data in a retrievable memory.To ensure the repeatability of the measurement, it may be necessary to first accelerate the rope drum 40 / 40.1 / 40.2 to a predetermined rotational speed and then to perform the braking with a predetermined braking energy.

[0058] To ensure the functionality of a service brake and a safety brake independent of usage, it may be provided that the hydraulic pressure accumulator

[0059] 66 of the facility to provide a

[0060] The safety brake functionality and / or the hydraulic pressure accumulator 65 of the device for providing service brake functionality determines, in particular measures, the respective stored actual energy between each braking event. After detecting that the energy falls below a predetermined threshold, the respective energy storage device is recharged to a predetermined target energy via the common supply circuit 70, see Figure 1. Determining the respective actual energy in the respective energy storage device can also be used to detect leaks, for example, to trigger maintenance or, depending on the detected leak, to initiate an emergency stop. Preferably, such a check is carried out regularly and, if necessary, documented in order to take necessary measures in advance of a possible failure.

[0061] The system arrangement according to the invention is designed in particular to detect play in the drive train 2, which can be implemented by activating the friction brake common to the device for providing a safety brake functionality and the device for providing a service brake functionality to decelerate and hold the rope drum 40 / 40.1 / 40.2, wherein, after reaching said rest position, the rotational position of the at least one drive motor 10 is detected and the motor is controlled for lifting until the rotational position of the at least one rope drum 40 / 40.1 / 40.2 changes from its rest position. At the time of the change, the changed rotational position of the at least one drive motor 10 is detected, whereby the play in the drive train 2 of the system arrangement 1 is determined as a function of the change in the rotational position of the at least one drive motor.For example, the change in the rotational position of at least one drive motor 10 can be used as a measure of the aforementioned play in the system arrangement 1. These verification steps are also expediently repeated regularly, and the play recorded in each instance may be stored in a retrievable memory, in particular a memory of the brake control 80, for monitoring the play. It may be provided that a maintenance signal and / or a fault signal is output when a predetermined play threshold is exceeded, which can be done, for example, electronically and / or optically.

[0062] To test the holding force of the at least partially shared friction brake, it can advantageously be provided that the at least partially shared friction brake, here the universal brake 50, is triggered to reach and hold a rest position of the at least one rope drum 40.1 / 402. After reaching said rest position, the rotational position of the at least one drive motor is detected, and the motor is driven to generate an increasing torque until the rotational position of the at least one rope drum 40 / 40.1 / 40.2 changes from its rest position. At the time of the change, the torque provided by the motor 10 / 10.1 / 10.2 is detected and compared with a predetermined threshold value. If this threshold value is undershot, a maintenance or fault signal can advantageously be emitted, or, in the latter case, further operation of the system arrangement 1 according to the invention can be blocked.This monitoring routine may also be designed to be carried out regularly and to be monitored by storing data in a retrievable memory.

Claims

System arrangement for a drive train of hoists and methods for their operation Patent claims 1. System arrangement (1) for a drive train of lifting devices, in particular crane lifting devices, comprising at least one drive motor (10), at least one cable drum (40) connected thereto, a reduction gear (30) arranged between the at least one drive motor (10) and the at least one cable drum (40), and at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and at least one device for providing a service brake functionality, wherein both the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality are designed in the manner of a friction brake actuated by an actuating system, in which, upon a respective brake release orBrake actuation a brake pad is pressed against a friction surface moved directly or indirectly by the drive motor, characterized in that the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one. Device for providing a service brake functionality shall have at least one common friction surface, in particular by providing at least one common brake disc ( 51 ) having at least one friction surface, wherein the at least one common friction surface is arranged on the output side to the reduction gear ( 30 ).

2. System arrangement ( 1 ) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality have at least one common, independently actuable friction brake which is arranged on the output side to the reduction gear ( 30 ).

3. System arrangement ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the actuation method for actuating the at least one friction brake of the device for providing a service brake functionality and the actuation method of the device for providing a safety brake functionality is identical, in particular mechanical by spring force, hydraulic, electrical, electro-hydraulic, pneumatic, or magnetic .

4. System arrangement ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the device for providing a service brake functionality and the device for providing a safety brake functionality have a sectionally common actuation system, in particular in the form of a sectionally common actuation circuit , for activating at least one brake actuator .

5. System arrangement (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the actuation system, which is at least partially common, has at least one energy storage device that can be switched on to activate the at least one brake actuator.

6. System arrangement (1) according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the actuating system or actuating circuit has a brake control and a plurality of sensors connected to it with data, wherein the brake control is arranged and configured to control the actuating or triggering of the device for providing a safety brake functionality and / or the device for providing a service brake functionality.

7. System arrangement (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the actuating system comprises at least one sensor for detecting a rotational position of a motor shaft (11) of the at least one drive motor (10) and a sensor for detecting a rotational position of a drum shaft of the at least one rope drum (40), wherein the brake control and / or a central control of the system arrangement is set up and configured to control the triggering of the device for providing a safety brake functionality or the devices for providing a service brake functionality, depending on actual electrical operating parameters of the at least one drive motor (10) and rotational position sensor signals associated with the drum shaft and / or the motor shaft (11).

8. System arrangement (1) according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the actuating system or the The operating circuit comprises a plurality of controllable actuators, which are arranged and designed to independently activate the device for providing a service brake functionality and the device for providing a safety brake functionality.

9. Method for operating a system arrangement (1) for a drive train of lifting devices, in particular crane lifting devices, comprising at least one drive motor (10), at least one cable drum (40) connected thereto, a reduction gear (30) arranged between the at least one drive motor (10) and the at least one cable drum (40), and at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and at least one device for providing a service brake functionality, wherein both the at least one device for providing a safety brake functionality and the at least one device for providing a service brake functionality are designed in the manner of a friction brake actuated by an actuating system, in which, upon each brake activation, a brake pad is pressed against a friction surface moved directly or indirectly by the drive motor.in particular for operating a system arrangement ( 1 ) according to one of claims 1 to 8 , characterized in that when the device for providing a safety brake functionality is triggered and when the device for providing a service brake functionality is triggered, at least one brake pad is pressed against at least one common friction surface arranged on the output side to the reduction gear ( 30 ).

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that, to provide the functionality of the safety brake and to provide the functionality of a service brake, at least one common brake disc (51) is used, arranged on the output side to the reduction gear (30) and comprising at least one common friction surface.

11. Method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that for both triggering a safety brake functionality and triggering a service brake functionality, at least one associated rechargeable energy storage device is switched to at least one brake actuator of at least one common friction brake.

12. Method according to claim 9, 10 or 11, characterized in that, depending on electrical I st operating parameters of the at least one drive motor ( 10 ), depending on a rotational position of the at least one drive motor ( 10 ) and / or depending on a rotational position of the at least one rope drum ( 40 ), a triggering of the device for providing a safety brake functionality and / or a triggering of the devices for providing a service brake functionality is controlled.

13. Method according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that a service brake or a safety brake is triggered and a braking deceleration is measured by detecting a change in the rotational position of the cable drum (40) from the time the brake is triggered, in order to determine wear of the at least partially common friction brake, in particular to determine the wear of a brake lining of the Friction brake.

14. Method according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that braking is carried out with reduced energy input to the at least one brake actuator of the at least sectionally common friction brake compared to safety braking.

15. Method according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that the actual energy stored in the at least one energy storage device of the device for providing a safety brake functionality and / or the respective stored energy in the at least one energy storage device of the devices for providing a service brake functionality is determined between triggering of a respective braking action and, after detection of a fall below a predetermined threshold energy, the respective energy storage device is recharged to a predetermined target energy.

16. Method according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that the actual energy stored in the at least one energy storage device of the device for providing a safety brake functionality and / or the actual energy stored in the at least one energy storage device of the devices for providing a service brake functionality is determined between activations of a respective braking action and, after detection of a fall below a predetermined threshold energy, a safety- or maintenance-related signal is output.

17. Method according to one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that a detection of play in the drive train of the system arrangement ( 1 ) is carried out by The at least one common friction brake is activated to reach and maintain a rest position of the rope drum (40), wherein, after reaching said rest position, the rotational position of the at least one drive motor (10) is detected and the motor is controlled for lifting until the rotational position of the at least one rope drum (40) changes from its rest position, and at the time of the change, the changed rotational position of the at least one drive motor (10) is detected, wherein the backlash in the drive train of the system arrangement (1) depends on the change in the rotational position of the at least one drive motor. ( 10 ) is determined, in particular the change in the rotational position of the at least one drive motor ( 10 ) is used as a measure for the play in the drive train of the system arrangement ( 1 ).

18. Method according to one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that a brake function test is carried out by activating the at least one common friction brake to reach and maintain a rest position of the rope drum (40), wherein after reaching said rest position the rotational position of the at least one drive motor (10) is detected and the motor is controlled to lift until the rotational position of the at least one rope drum (40) changes from its rest position, the torque provided by the motor at the time of the change is determined and compared with a predetermined threshold value.

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