Transmission time determination method, apparatus, and device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of communications, and discloses a transmission time determination method, an apparatus, and a device. The transmission time determination method of embodiments of the present application comprises: a first device determines a transmission time of a first transmission on the basis of at least one of the following: a first time granularity; a first reference time point; and first information, wherein the first transmission is a transmission from the first device to a second device in the Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT).

Description

Transmission time determination method, apparatus and equipment

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410641542.0, filed in China on May 22, 2024, and Chinese Patent Application No. 202410849647.5, filed in China on June 27, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This application belongs to the field of communication technology, specifically relating to a method, apparatus, and device for determining transmission time. Background Technology

[0004] In Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) research, environmental IoT devices are characterized by their energy storage capacity and ability to generate and transmit radio frequency signals. Current AIoT research still faces challenges in determining transmission time, such as how different responding devices determine the transmission time from responding device to reader (D2R) and how reader-writer devices determine the transmission time from reader-writer to responding device (R2D). Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, apparatus, and device for determining transmission time, used to determine the transmission time of AIoT.

[0006] In a first aspect, a method for determining transmission time is provided, executed by a first device, the method comprising:

[0007] The first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the first transmission is a transmission between the first device and the second device in an AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) environment:

[0008] First-time granularity;

[0009] First reference time point;

[0010] First information.

[0011] Secondly, a method for determining transmission time is provided, executed by a second device, the method comprising:

[0012] The second device determines the transmission time of the second transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT;

[0013] Second time granularity;

[0014] Second reference time point.

[0015] Thirdly, a means for determining transmission time is provided, applied to a first device, comprising:

[0016] A first processing module is configured to determine the transmission time of a first transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the first transmission is a transmission between a first device and a second device in an AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) environment:

[0017] First-time granularity;

[0018] First reference time point;

[0019] First information.

[0020] Fourthly, a means for determining transmission time is provided, applied to a second device, comprising:

[0021] The fifth processing module is configured to determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT;

[0022] Second time granularity;

[0023] Second reference time point.

[0024] Fifthly, a transmission time determination apparatus is provided, the apparatus being configured to perform the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0025] In a sixth aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a first device, the first device being a terminal, the terminal including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0026] In a seventh aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a first device, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is configured to determine the transmission time of a first transmission based on at least one of the following, the first transmission being a transmission between a first device and a second device in an environmental Internet of Things (AIoT): a first time granularity; a first reference time point; and first information.

[0027] Eighthly, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a second device, which may be a terminal or a network-side device, the second device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing programs or instructions executable on the processor, the programs or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the method as described in the first aspect.

[0028] In a ninth aspect, a communication device is provided, the communication device being a second device, comprising a processor and a communication interface, wherein the processor is configured to determine the transmission time of a second transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the second transmission is a transmission between a second device and a first device in an AIoT system; a second time granularity; and a second reference time point.

[0029] In a tenth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0030] Eleventhly, a wireless communication system is provided, comprising: a terminal and a network-side device, wherein the terminal can be used to perform the steps of the method as described in the first aspect or the second method, and the network-side device can be used to perform the steps of the method as described in the second aspect.

[0031] In a twelfth aspect, a chip is provided, the chip including a processor and a communication interface coupled to the processor, the processor being configured to run programs or instructions to implement the method as described in the first aspect, or to implement the method as described in the second aspect.

[0032] In a thirteenth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, which is stored in a storage medium and is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the transmission time determination method as described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the transmission time determination method as described in the second aspect.

[0033] In a fourteenth aspect, a computer program product is provided, including computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the transmission time determination method as described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the transmission time determination method as described in the second aspect.

[0034] In this embodiment, the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on any one or more of the first time granularity, the first reference time point, and the first information. This is beneficial for the accurate execution of D2R and / or R2D transmissions in AIoT and ensures the transmission performance of D2R and / or R2D. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system;

[0036] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of one of the AIoT topology types;

[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the second type of AIoT topology;

[0038] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of D2R and / or R2D transmission in TDMA mode;

[0039] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating one of the methods for determining transmission time according to an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the control information transmitted in the second embodiment of this application;

[0041] Figure 7 is one of the transmission time diagrams of the first and second transmissions in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 8 is a second schematic diagram of the transmission time of the first and second transmissions in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 9 is a second schematic flowchart of the transmission time determination method according to an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 10 is a third schematic diagram of the transmission time of the first and second transmissions in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the transmission time determination device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 12 is a second schematic diagram of the transmission time determination device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the terminal structure according to an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the network-side device according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0051] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first" and "second" are generally of the same class, not limited in number; for example, the first object can be one or more. Furthermore, "or" in this application indicates at least one of the connected objects. For example, the scope of protection for "A or B" covers at least three scenarios: Scenario 1: including A but not B; Scenario 2: including B but not A; Scenario 3: including both A and B. In addition, the terms "A and / or B," "at least one of A and B," and "at least one of A or B" also cover at least the above three scenarios. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0052] The term "instruction" in this application can be either a direct instruction (or explicit instruction) or an indirect instruction (or implicit instruction). A direct instruction can be understood as one in which the sender explicitly informs the receiver of specific information, the operation to be performed, or the requested result, etc., in the instruction sent. An indirect instruction can be understood as one in which the receiver determines the corresponding information based on the instruction sent by the sender, or makes a judgment and determines the operation to be performed or the requested result, etc., based on the judgment result.

[0053] It is worth noting that the technologies described in this application are not limited to Long Term Evolution (LTE) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, but can also be used in other wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single-carrier Frequency-Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or other systems. The terms "system" and "network" in this application are often used interchangeably, and the described technologies can be used with the systems and radio technologies mentioned above, as well as with other systems and radio technologies. The following description describes New Radio (NR) systems for illustrative purposes, and the term NR is used in most of the following description; however, these technologies can also be applied to systems other than NR systems, such as 6th generation (6G) radio systems. th Generation 6G communication system.

[0054] Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a wireless communication system applicable to an embodiment of this application. The wireless communication system includes a terminal 11 and a network-side device 12. The terminal 11 can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld computer, netbook, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, flight vehicle, vehicle user equipment (VUE), shipboard equipment, pedestrian user equipment (PUE), smart home (home devices with wireless communication capabilities, such as refrigerators, televisions, washing machines, or furniture), game console, personal computer (PC), ATM, or self-service machine, etc. Wearable devices include: smartwatches, smart bracelets, smart headphones, smart glasses, smart jewelry (smart bracelets, smart chains, smart rings, smart necklaces, smart anklets, smart anklets, etc.), smart wristbands, smart clothing, etc. Among these, in-vehicle devices can also be referred to as in-vehicle terminals, in-vehicle controllers, in-vehicle modules, in-vehicle components, in-vehicle chips, or in-vehicle units, etc. It should be noted that the specific type of terminal 11 is not limited in this application embodiment. Network-side equipment 12 may include access network equipment or core network equipment, wherein access network equipment may also be referred to as Radio Access Network (RAN) equipment, radio access network function, or radio access network unit. Access network equipment may include base stations, Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access points (APs), or Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) nodes, etc.The term "base station" can be referred to as Node B (NB), Evolved Node B (eNB), Next Generation Node B (gNB), New Radio Node B (NR Node B), Access Point, Relay Base Station (RBS), Serving Base Station (SBS), Base Transceiver Station (BTS), Radio Base Station, Radio Transceiver, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), Home Node B (HNB), Home Evolved Node B, Transmit / Receive Point (TRP), or any other suitable term in the relevant field, as long as the same technical effect is achieved. The term "base station" is not limited to any specific technical terminology. It should be noted that this application embodiment only uses a base station in an NR system as an example for description and does not limit the specific type of base station.

[0055] In describing the embodiments of this application, some concepts used in the following description will first be explained.

[0056] I. AIoT: Environmental IoT devices are characterized by their energy storage capacity and ability to generate and transmit radio frequency signals.

[0057] (1) AIoT devices include the following types:

[0058] Device A: It has energy storage but no independent signal generation / amplification, i.e., backscatter transmission capability.

[0059] Device B: It has energy storage but no independent signal generation, i.e., it has backscatter transmission capability. The use of stored energy can include amplification of the reflected signal.

[0060] Device C: It has energy storage and independent signal generation capabilities, i.e., it is an active radio frequency component used for transmission.

[0061] Tags are powered by transmitting a carrier excitation signal, also known as a continuous wave (CW) signal. The tag encodes the CW signal and backscatters it to the reader. Different energy storage capacities of tags affect the transmission quality. Generally, tags with higher energy storage capacity also mean higher receiver sensitivity or higher transmit power, resulting in better reliability of the receive or transmit link.

[0062] (2) AIoT business types

[0063] The main data or service types of AIoT include:

[0064] Device-originated (DO) data or type: indicates that the data stream originates from an AIoT device;

[0065] Device-terminated (DT) data or type: indicates that the data stream is transmitted to the AIoT device.

[0066] Among these, data streams originating from AIoT devices, i.e., DO data, can be further categorized as follows:

[0067] Autonomous DO (DO-A): This means that AIoT devices autonomously initiate data transmission; for example, connecting a large number of various sensors that collect and proactively report information about the environment, devices, and organisms when necessary.

[0068] Device-triggered DO (DO-DTT) refers to data transmission initiated by an AIoT device triggered by a reader device such as a base station. Examples include asset identification, status reporting, and tracking, where the Reader collects data from tags by triggering an inventory process. Since the data is generated / initiated within the IoT device, this service should be considered as a DO service initiated by the tag and controlled by a Reader-side control command.

[0069] (3) AIoT Topology

[0070] Topology 1: Base Station (BS) - Ambient IoT device, as shown in Figure 2;

[0071] Topology 2: BS - intermediate node - Ambient IoT device, as shown in Figure 3.

[0072] (4) Timing relationship between R2D and D2R in AIoT

[0073] Reader to Device (R2D): This can be understood as the transmission from the Reader to the AIoT device / Tag.

[0074] Device to Reader (D2R): This can be understood as the transmission of AIoT devices / tags to readers.

[0075] The time relationship between R2D and D2R includes:

[0076] T R2D_min It refers to the minimum time interval between an R2D transmission and the subsequent corresponding D2R transmission;

[0077] T D2R_min It refers to the minimum time interval between a D2R transmission and the subsequent corresponding R2D transmission;

[0078] T R2D_R2D_min It refers to the minimum time interval between two consecutive R2D transmissions with the same AIoT device;

[0079] T D2R_D2R_min It refers to the minimum time interval between two consecutive D2R transmissions from the same AIoT device.

[0080] In addition, TR2D and TD2R in AIoT may also have a maximum value requirement T. R2D_max T D2R_max .

[0081] (4) TDMA working mode in AIoT:

[0082] AIoT research has considered TDMA working mode. For example, Tags are transmitted via D2R through time division multiplexing, as shown in Figure 4. After the Reader sends R2D signaling, multiple Tags are transmitted via D2R at different times.

[0083] (5) Response equipment

[0084] A transponder device (also referred to as a first device): In one possible implementation, this can be a tag, specifically a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. A tag can be another name for RFID. RFID technology can be divided into active, passive, and semi-active types. Passive tags can also be called passive IoT devices. The communication method of the transponder device can be signal transmission via backscattered RF signals, or some active tags can have the ability to actively generate signals. The energy of the transponder device can come from the environment, such as ambient RF energy, heat energy, wind energy, kinetic energy, etc., therefore, the transponder device can also be called ambient IoT. The transponder device can be a terminal or a terminal device.

[0085] (6) Reading and writing devices

[0086] A read / write device (also referred to as a second device or a reader) is a handheld or fixed device that reads (or writes) tag information; it can also be understood as a device that communicates with the tag. The read / write device can be a terminal, a network-side device such as a base station, or a device with read / write functionality, such as a reader. This application does not limit the specific form of the read / write device. The read / write device can send carrier excitation signals or control commands.

[0087] The transmission time determination method, apparatus, and device provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through some embodiments and application scenarios.

[0088] As shown in Figure 5, this application embodiment provides a method for determining transmission time, executed by a first device, including:

[0089] Step 501: The first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the first transmission is a transmission between the first device and the second device in the AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) environment:

[0090] First-time granularity;

[0091] First reference time point;

[0092] First information.

[0093] In this embodiment, the first device is a response device, such as a Tag, which can be a type of terminal; the second device is a reader, which can be a terminal or a network-side device such as a base station. The first transmission is a D2R transmission. The first device determines the transmission time of the D2R transmission. Optionally, the first device can determine the transmission time of the D2R transmission in TDMA mode, and then perform the D2R transmission according to the determined transmission time.

[0094] The first device can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on a first time granularity, where the first time granularity is the time unit on which the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission.

[0095] The first device can also determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the first reference time point, wherein the transmission time of the first transmission is relative to the first reference time point.

[0096] The first device can also determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the first information, which may be relevant factors that the first device needs to consider when determining the transmission time of the first transmission.

[0097] Optionally, the first device may determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on any one or a combination of the first time granularity, the first reference time point, and the first information. For example, the transmission time of the first transmission may be determined based on the first information and the first time granularity; the transmission time of the first transmission relative to the first reference time point may be determined based on the first time granularity; or the transmission time of the first transmission relative to the first reference time point may be determined based on the first information.

[0098] In this embodiment, the transmission time of the first transmission determined by the first device can be a set of all available time resources, which can be a set of resources for the start transmission time of the first transmission. It should be noted that due to inaccurate timing or other reasons, the actual start time of the first transmission by the first device may have a certain range of error compared to the determined start transmission time. This error range can be set according to actual needs. Optionally, the start transmission time of the first transmission can be the start transmission time of data, or it can be the start transmission time of the first signal from the first device to the second device, such as a preamble or reference signal.

[0099] In the embodiments of this application, the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on any one or more of the first time granularity, the first reference time point, and the first information. This is beneficial for the accurate execution of D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission in AIoT, and ensures the transmission performance of D2R and / or R2D.

[0100] As an optional embodiment, the first time granularity includes at least one of the following:

[0101] (1) The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission, the second transmission is the transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT; wherein, the second transmission is the second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

[0102] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the time granularity corresponding to the second transmission. The second transmission triggers and / or schedules the first transmission. Taking the first device as a tag as an example, for example, the second transmission can be an R2D transmission that triggers the inventory process of the tag, or the second transmission is an R2D transmission that triggers / schedules the tag in the transmission time resource selected by the tag during the inventory process. For example, if there are a total of 4 slots in one round of inventory, and tag 1 selects slot 3, this selection is determined according to the time granularity corresponding to the R2D transmission that triggers slot 3.

[0103] (2) The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission;

[0104] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the time granularity corresponding to the first transmission.

[0105] (3) The time length of an Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) symbol;

[0106] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the time length of the OFDM symbol.

[0107] (4) The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission; it can also be understood as the minimum time interval T between the R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission. R2D_min .

[0108] In this embodiment, the first time granularity can be any one of the above, or a combination of the above multiple items. For example, the first time granularity can be the maximum value, minimum value, summation, average, etc. of the above multiple items.

[0109] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the second transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0110] 11) The chip length corresponding to the second transmission;

[0111] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the time length of the chip corresponding to the second transmission.

[0112] Optionally, the chip length includes at least one of the following:

[0113] 11a) The time length of the chip corresponding to the preamble; that is, the time length of the chip corresponding to the second transmission is the time length of the chip corresponding to the preamble of the second transmission. For example, the first transmission is a D2R transmission and the second transmission is an R2D transmission. The first device determines that the start time of the D2R transmission is after the end of the R2D transmission, which is N (N≥1) times the time length of the chip corresponding to the preamble.

[0114] 11b) The chip length corresponding to the Physical Reader to Device channel (PRDCH); that is, the chip length corresponding to the second transmission is the chip length corresponding to the PRDCH of the second device. For example: the first transmission is a D2R transmission, the second transmission is an R2D transmission, and the start time of the D2R transmission is determined to be X2 (X2≥1) chip lengths corresponding to the PRDCH after the end of the R2D transmission.

[0115] Each chip corresponds to an On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

[0116] In this embodiment, for any of the above-mentioned chip lengths, one chip corresponds to one OOK modulation symbol. The chip can be a time unit before or after encoding. For example, the chip length is the chip length after line code encoding. For instance, 1 bit of information, after Manchester encoding, is one bit corresponding to 2 chips, and each chip is an encoded chip.

[0117] 12) The duration of the information bits corresponding to the second transmission.

[0118] Optionally, the time length of the information bit is the time length corresponding to the encoded information bit.

[0119] Optionally, the encoding includes at least one of the following:

[0120] Line codes, such as Manchester, FM0, Pulse Interval Encoding (PIE), Miller, Miller-2 / 4 / 8, etc.;

[0121] Forward error correction coding (FEC), such as convolutional codes;

[0122] Modulation based on square wave;

[0123] Square wave-based coding;

[0124] Repetition can be bit-level repetition, chip-level repetition, or codeword-level repetition in line code or channel coding.

[0125] For example: In Manchester encoding at a 1 / 4 bit rate, the time length of one information bit is 4 chip lengths; in Manchester encoding at a 1 / 2 bit rate, the time length of one information bit is 2 chip lengths; in Manchester encoding at a 1 / 2 bit rate with two repetitions, the time length of one information bit is 4 chip lengths. For FM0 encoding, the length of one codeword is 2 chip lengths; for Miller encoding, the length of one codeword is 2 chip lengths; for Miller-2 encoding, the time length of one codeword is 4 chip lengths. For PIE encoding, bit 0 is encoded as chip {10}, which is 2 chip lengths, and bit 1 is encoded as chip {1110}, which is 4 chip lengths. PIE encoding can be measured in units of the time length of one information bit "0", or the time length of one information bit "1", or the sum and / or average length of the time lengths of one information bit "0" and "1".

[0126] Optionally, the duration of the chip in the embodiments of this application includes at least one of the following:

[0127] The duration of the chip corresponding to the preamble;

[0128] The time length of the chip corresponding to PRDCH;

[0129] The chip length corresponding to the Physical Device to Reader channel (PDRCH);

[0130] In this context, one chip corresponds to one on / off keyed OOK modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

[0131] Specifically, the time length of the chip corresponding to the second transmission does not include the time length of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH; and the time length of the chip corresponding to the first transmission does not include the time length of the chip corresponding to the PRDCH.

[0132] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0133] 21) The duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission;

[0134] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the time length of the chip corresponding to the first transmission.

[0135] Optionally, the chip length includes at least one of the following:

[0136] 21a) The duration of the chip corresponding to the preamble; that is, the duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission is the duration of the chip corresponding to the preamble of the first transmission. For example, the first transmission is a D2R transmission and the second transmission is an R2D transmission. The first device determines that the start time of the D2R transmission is after the duration of the chip corresponding to the preamble of the other first device is M (M≥1) times after the end of the D2R transmission of the other first device.

[0137] 21b) The duration of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH; that is, the duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission is the duration of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH of the first device. For example: the first transmission is a D2R transmission, the second transmission is an R2D transmission, and the start time of the D2R transmission is determined to be A2 (A2≥1) times the duration of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH after the end of the D2R transmission of the other first device.

[0138] In this context, one chip corresponds to one OOK modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

[0139] In this embodiment, for any of the above-mentioned chip lengths, one chip corresponds to one OOK modulation symbol. The chip can be a time unit before or after encoding. For example, the chip length is the chip length after line code encoding. For instance, 1 bit of information, after Manchester encoding, is one bit corresponding to 2 chips, and each chip is an encoded chip.

[0140] Optionally, the chip length can be determined based on the backscatter frequency (BLF) and / or transmission bandwidth and / or transmission rate. The chip length is related to the parameters of the line code, or the chip length is the chip length of the square wave of the modulated subcarrier.

[0141] 22) The duration of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

[0142] Optionally, the time length of the information bit is the time length corresponding to the encoded information bit.

[0143] Optionally, the encoding includes at least one of the following:

[0144] Line codes, such as Manchester, FM0, PIE, Miller, Miller-2 / 4 / 8, etc.;

[0145] Forward error correction coding (FEC), such as convolutional codes;

[0146] Modulation based on square wave;

[0147] Square wave-based coding;

[0148] Repetition can be bit-level repetition, chip-level repetition, or codeword-level repetition in line code or channel coding.

[0149] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the time length of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

[0150] As an optional embodiment, the first reference time point includes at least one of the following:

[0151] A) The end time of the second transmission; the transmission time of the first transmission determined by the first device may be the transmission time relative to the end time of the second transmission.

[0152] B) End time of adjacent first transmission; Optionally, "adjacent" refers to temporal adjacency. The end time of adjacent first transmission can also be understood as the end time of the previous first transmission in time. The previous first transmission is the first transmission performed by another first device. It can also be understood as the first device determining its own first transmission time based on the end time of the first transmission sent by the previous other first device in time. The transmission time of the first transmission determined by the first device is the transmission time relative to the end time of the first transmission of another first device.

[0153] Optionally, the end time of the adjacent first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0154] The nominal end time of the adjacent first transmission;

[0155] The actual end time of the adjacent first transmission.

[0156] C) The end time of the second time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission, wherein the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission.

[0157] Wherein, both the first time unit and the second time unit are time resources for executing the first transmission, and the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit. The first time unit may include one or more second time units, for example, the first time unit is a slot, and the second time unit is a sub-slot. The adjacent first transmission may be the first transmission executed by other first devices adjacent to the first device. For example, the first device determines the transmission time of its own first transmission based on the end time of the sub-slot in which the first transmission of another adjacent first device is located.

[0158] For example, the D2R transmission time of Tag2 is determined based on the first reference time point, which includes the end time of the R2D transmission, the end time of the D2R transmission of Tag1, or the end time of the sub-slot of the D2R transmission of Tag1. Optionally, the D2R transmission time of Tag2 can be located at: T _ref +[T R2D_min ,T R2D_max ], or T _ref , or T _ref +T R2D_min .

[0159] Among them, for example, T _ref For the first tag to perform a D2R transmission, T is the end time of the R2D transmission. _refFor the Nth (N>1) tag undergoing D2R transmission, this is the nominal end time, actual end time, or end time of the D2R transmission of the N-1th tag, or the end time of the N-1th sub-slot.

[0160] As an optional embodiment, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0161] 31) Time resource information; for example, the quantity of time resources;

[0162] 32) Number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing;

[0163] 33) First time interval;

[0164] 34) Sampling Frequency Offset (SFO);

[0165] 35) Time drift;

[0166] 36) Frequency Tolerance (FrT);

[0167] 37) Backscatter Link Frequency (BLF);

[0168] 38) The duration of the first transmission may include, for example, the duration of data (such as PDRCH), various reference signals, such as preamble, midamble, postamble, etc.

[0169] In this embodiment, the first device can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on at least one of the above information.

[0170] Optionally, the first information is pre-configured or pre-defined, and / or the first information is indicated by the second device;

[0171] Determining the transmission time of the first transmission based on the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0172] When the second device indicates the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the first information indicated by the second device;

[0173] If the second device does not indicate the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the pre-configured or pre-defined first information.

[0174] In this embodiment, one or more of the aforementioned first information may be indicated by the second device or predefined or pre-configured. For example, the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing may be indicated by the second device or pre-configured / predefined. Optionally, the second device may indicate the first information through control information of the second transmission (such as R2D signaling). If the second device indicates the first information, the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on the first information indicated by the second device; if the second device does not indicate the first information, the first device may determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the pre-configured or pre-defined first information.

[0175] For example, the first device is Tag, and the second device is Reader. If the Reader indicates the time interval value K_D2R between R2D and D2R transmissions via R2D signaling, Tag determines the transmission time of the D2R transmission based on this time interval value K_D2R. If the Reader does not indicate this time interval value, Tag follows predefined rules, such as the minimum time interval T between R2D and D2R transmissions. R2D_min Maximum time interval T R2D_max [T] R2D_min ,T R2D_max The D2R transmission time is determined by at least one of the following parameters: sampling frequency offset (SFO), time drift, frequency tolerance (FrT), and backscatter link frequency (BLF).

[0176] Optionally, the time resource includes at least one of the following:

[0177] First time unit;

[0178] The second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit.

[0179] In this embodiment, the time resource may include a first time unit and / or a second time unit. For example, the Reader indicates one or more first time units (e.g., slots) for the first transmission via R2D signaling. Further, each first time unit includes one or more second time units (e.g., sub-slots). Each tag determines its corresponding second time unit based on a predefined method and performs D2R transmission within the determined second time unit. Alternatively, the Reader indicates one or more second time units for the first transmission via R2D signaling. Each tag determines its corresponding second time unit based on a predefined method and performs D2R transmission within the determined second time unit.

[0180] Optionally, the time resource information includes at least one of the following:

[0181] The duration or number of the first time unit;

[0182] The duration or number of the second time unit;

[0183] The sum of the time lengths of all first time units;

[0184] The sum of the durations of all second time units;

[0185] The second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit.

[0186] As an optional embodiment, the duration or number of the first time unit (slot) and / or the second time unit (sub-slot) is determined by the Reader's indication, or pre-configured / predefined. For example, the Reader directly indicates the duration or number of the Tag slot or sub-slot in the R2D transmission. The methods for determining the duration or number of the first and second time units can be the same or different. For example, the duration or number of the first time unit can be determined by the Reader's indication, while the duration or number of the second time unit can be pre-configured / predefined.

[0187] As an optional embodiment, the time resource information includes the sum of the time lengths of all first time slots and / or the sum of the time lengths of all second time slots indicated by the Reader. The sum of the time lengths of all first time slots and / or the sum of the time lengths of all second time slots can be determined by the Reader indication or by pre-configuration / pre-definition. The methods for determining the sum of the time lengths of all first time slots and the sum of the time lengths of all second time slots can be the same or different. For example, the sum of the time lengths of all first time slots can be determined by pre-configuration, while the sum of the time lengths of all second time slots can be determined by the Reader indication.

[0188] As an optional embodiment, the method further includes:

[0189] The first device determines the duration of a second time unit (sub-slot) based on the sum of the durations of the first time unit (slot) and / or the sum of the durations of the second time units (sub-slots), and the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing or the number of second time units. For example, if the number of second time units (sub-slots) is N or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing is N, the sum of the durations of the N sub-slots is T.N Then the time length T of the second time unit (sub-slot) subslot It can be: T N / N or floor(T) N / N), where floor() is for rounding down.

[0190] As an optional embodiment, the method further includes:

[0191] The time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing are determined based on the second information sent by the second device.

[0192] The second information includes at least one of the following:

[0193] 1) First indication information, used to indicate the time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing; can be understood as the indication of time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing displayed by the second device.

[0194] 2) Second indication information, used to indicate the first parameter and the quantity of the first parameter, wherein the first parameter is a parameter related to the time resource;

[0195] The first parameter can be a parameter used to determine time resource information. For example, if the Reader indicates the value of three time intervals K to determine the starting point of three time resources, then the number of available time resources is 3. Or, if the Reader indicates the value of three time intervals K, then the number of available time resources is 4, where the starting point of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th time resources is determined according to K, and the starting point of the 1st time resource is determined according to other methods, such as T. R2D_min and / or T R2D_max Sure.

[0196] For example, the Tag determines time resource information based on the time interval (gap) between two adjacent D2R transmissions indicated by the Reader. For instance, if the Reader indicates two gap values ​​to determine the starting point of the second and third time resources, then the number of available time resources is 3.

[0197] 3) Third indication information, used to indicate the identifier of the first device; in this case, the first device can determine the time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing based on the identifier of the first device indicated by the second device. For example: if the Reader indicates the ID information of 3 tags, then the number of available time resources is 3, and the number of TDMA UEs is 3.

[0198] Optionally, the second device can instruct the second information through the control information transmitted in the second transmission. For example, the R2D control information sent by the Reader includes three blocks of information, such as three MAC sub-PDUs / PDUs, each block corresponding to the D2R transmission information of one time resource. Then the number of available time resources is 3.

[0199] In this embodiment, the second information can be carried by the control information of the second transmission. The content of the second information may partially or completely overlap with the content of the first information. It can also be understood that, in some cases, the second information and the first information are the same. For example, if the Reader indicates the second information via R2D signaling, and this second information includes time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing, then the Tag can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on this time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing. In this case, the second information is equivalent to the first information. As another example, if the Reader indicates the second information via R2D signaling, and this second information is a second indication information indicating K1, K2, K3, then in this case, the second information can be considered the first information, and this information also indicates that the resource count is 3.

[0200] Optionally, in this embodiment, for non-contention-based AIoT transmission, the number of time resources can be considered equal to the number of users multiplexing TDMA. For contention-based AIoT transmission, multiple tags may use the same time resource within the same time resource, so the number of users multiplexing TDMA may be greater than the number of time resources.

[0201] Furthermore, if the first devices can transmit based on other multiplexing methods, such as TDMA+FDMA, then multiple first devices can transmit simultaneously within a time resource.

[0202] As an optional embodiment, the transmission time of the first transmission includes the set of time resources available for the first transmission;

[0203] The method further includes at least one of the following:

[0204] For contention-based transmissions, a time resource is randomly selected from the set of time resources according to predefined rules as the time resource used by the first transmission;

[0205] For non-contention-based transmissions, the time resources used by the first transmission are determined from the set of time resources based on third information.

[0206] Optionally, the third information includes at least one of the following:

[0207] The identifier of the first device (Device-ID) can be an Electronic Product Code (EPC) or an identifier assigned to the first device by the second device, etc.

[0208] The first device contains a 16-bit random or pseudo-random number RN16;

[0209] The order of the first device in the scheduled TDMA multiplexed devices.

[0210] In this embodiment, the first device can determine a first set of available time resources for transmission based on one or more of a first time granularity, first information, and a first reference time point. The first device further determines the time resources it actually uses from this set.

[0211] For example, in a contention-based AIoT transmission, the first device randomly selects a time resource from a defined set of time resources according to a predefined rule; for example, the Reader indicates Q1 to determine the first time unit and Q2 to determine the second time unit within the first time unit; the Tag can randomly select Q1 and Q2 to determine the first and second time units it uses.

[0212] For non-contention-based AIoT transmissions, the first device determines the time resources it uses based on its own information. For example, a tag can determine its own time resource information based on its Device-ID or RN16. Alternatively, a tag determines which device it belongs to in the scheduled TDMA. For example, as shown in Figure 6, the Reader sends R2D signaling to the tag via PRDCH, which carries three indication fields (or includes three segments). Different tags (devices) determine their own indication field (or segment) based on their own RN16, and then determine their own time resource information within that indication field (or segment).

[0213] As an optional embodiment, the method further includes:

[0214] The system receives control information transmitted by a second device, the second transmission of which includes the first information and / or the second information.

[0215] In this embodiment, the second device can send first information and / or second information to the first device via control information transmitted in a second manner. The control information transmitted in the second manner is, for example, R2D signaling.

[0216] Optionally, determining the transmission time of the first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0217] (a) Determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the control information of the second transmission most recently sent by the second device.

[0218] In this embodiment, the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on the time resource information indicated by the control information (such as R2D signaling) of the most recent second transmission. For example, in the inventory process, when the inventory is started, the Reader indicates the first time resource information to the Tag via R2D signaling, and the Tag determines the time resource based on the first time resource information; then, during the inventory process, the Reader again indicates the second time resource information to the Tag via R2D signaling, so in subsequent inventory processes, the Tag determines the time resource based on the second time resource information. When there is no new R2D signaling indicating the third time resource information, the Tag determines the time resource based on the second time resource information indicated by the most recent R2D signaling.

[0219] (b) The control information for the second transmission includes first control information and second control information. If the second control information is received when the first control information sent by the second device is received, and the first time range indicated by the first control information includes the second time range indicated by the second control information, then the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the second control information within the second time range, and the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the first control information within other first time ranges besides the second time range.

[0220] In this embodiment, the second device may send multiple control messages for second transmission to the first device. The first device first determines time resources within a first time range based on the first time resource information indicated in the first control message. If it subsequently receives second control information instructing second time resource information to determine time resources within a second time range, where the first time range includes the second time range, then the first device determines time resources within the second time range based on the second time resource information. Outside the second time range, the first device still determines time resources according to the first time resource information indicated in the first control message within the first time range.

[0221] For example, in the inventory process, when the inventory is started, the Reader indicates 5 first time units (slots) through the first R2D signaling, where each slot contains 3 second time units (sub-slots). Then, during the inventory process, the Reader indicates that the number of sub-slots in the third slot is 2 through the second R2D signaling. In the third slot, the Tag determines the time resource based on the number of sub-slots, and in other slots, it still determines the time resource based on the number of sub-slots.

[0222] As an optional embodiment, the first time interval includes at least one of the following:

[0223] The time interval between the first transmission and the second transmission;

[0224] The time interval between the first transmission and other adjacent first transmissions;

[0225] The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission;

[0226] The maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission.

[0227] In this embodiment, when the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on the first information, it can determine the transmission time of the first transmission based on the aforementioned time interval.

[0228] Optionally, the minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission, and / or the maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission, includes at least one of the following:

[0229] 1) The duration of the first transmission performed by other first devices besides the first device; such as the duration of D2R transmission performed by other tags;

[0230] 2) The time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission performed by other first devices besides the first device; the other first devices are first devices whose transmission time is earlier than the first device; for example: the minimum time interval between R2D and D2R transmissions of other tags (other tags before the tag); the maximum time interval between R2D and D2R transmissions of other tags (other tags before the tag).

[0231] 3) The time interval between the first transmissions of different first devices; for example, the time interval between the D2R transmission of Tag1 and the D2R transmission of Tag2.

[0232] For example, as shown in Figure 7, for Tag2, T R2D_max2This includes the time interval between Tag1 and R2D transmission, the duration of Tag1's D2R transmission, and the time interval between Tag1's D2R and Tag2's D2R.

[0233] Optionally, in the T R2D_min and / or T R2D_max When not used for TDMA, T R2D_min and / or T R2D_max It can be defined based on AIoT transmission or device performance requirements.

[0234] As an optional embodiment, the method further includes: determining the type of preamble used when performing the first transmission based on the transmission time of the first transmission.

[0235] In this embodiment, the first device can determine whether to use an extended preamble for transmission based on the transmission time of the first transmission. For example, an R2D transmission schedules / triggers M second time units of D2R transmissions. Tags transmitted in the first N second time units do not use extended preamble by default, while tags transmitted in the N+1 to Mth second time units use extended preamble.

[0236] As an optional embodiment, the method further includes: performing a first transmission based on the transmission time of the first transmission. In this embodiment, the first device may perform the first transmission within the determined transmission time of the first transmission.

[0237] The following example illustrates how the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on the first information.

[0238] Example 1: The first device is Tag, the second device is Reader, the first transmission is D2R transmission, and the second transmission is R2D transmission. Tag determines the start time of the D2R transmission based on the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing and / or the amount of time resources and / or the time interval between the R2D transmission and the D2R transmission.

[0239] For example: If the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing is 3 or the number of second time units (sub-slots) is 3, and assuming that Tag-1, Tag-2, and Tag-3 are determined to be D2R transmissions sequentially according to predefined rules, the Reader indicates the time interval value K_D2R between one R2D transmission and one D2R transmission, and assuming the end time of the R2D transmission is T... _R2D_end Then the start time of Tag-1's D2R transmission is located at T. _R2D_end +T _s1 T_s1 =K_D2R, the start time of D2R transmission for Tag-2 is located at T _R2D_end +T _s2 T _s2 = 2*K_D2R, the start time of D2R transmission for Tag-3 is located at T _R2D_end +T _s3 T _s3 =3*K_D2R.

[0240] For example: the Reader indicates that the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing is 3 or the number of second time units (sub-slots) is 3. The Reader also indicates the time interval values ​​K_D2R_1, K_D2R_2, and K_D2R_3 between the 3 R2D and D2R transmissions; or, the Reader does not indicate the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing, but only indicates the 3 time interval values ​​K_D2R_1, K_D2R_2, and K_D2R_3. In this case, the start time of the D2R transmission for Tag-1 is located at T _R2D_end +T _s1 T _s1 =K_D2R_1, Tag-2 starts D2R transmission at time T _R2D_end +T _s2 T _s2 =K_D2R_2, Tag-3's D2R transmission start time is located at T _R2D_end +T _s3 T _s3 =K_D2R_3.

[0241] Example 2: The first device is Tag, the second device is Reader, the first transmission is D2R transmission, and the second transmission is R2D transmission. Tag determines the start time of D2R transmission based on the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing and / or the amount of time resources and / or the time interval between D2R transmissions.

[0242] For example: If the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing is 3 or the number of second time units (sub-slots) is 3, and assuming that Tag-1 / Tag-2 / Tag-3 are determined to be D2R transmissions sequentially according to predefined rules, and the Reader indicates that K_D2R_1, K_D2R_2, and K_D2R_3 are the time interval values ​​between R2D and D2R transmissions and between adjacent D2R transmissions, respectively, then the start time of Tag-1's D2R transmission is located at T... _R2D_end +T _s1 T _s1 =K_D2R_1, Tag-2 starts D2R transmission at time T _Tag1_D2R_end+T _s2 T _s2 =K_D2R_2; Tag-3 starts D2R transmission at time T _Tag2_D2R_end +T _s3 T _s3 =K_D2R_3.

[0243] For example, if the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing is 3 or the number of second time units (sub-slots) is 3, and assuming that Tag-1 / Tag-2 / Tag-3 are determined to be transmitted sequentially in time order based on predefined rules, the time interval values ​​between D2R transmissions indicated by the Reader or calculated according to predefined rules are T. gap1 / T gap2 T gap1 / T gap2 They can be the same or different. T is determined according to predefined rules. gapi It can be determined based on at least one of the following parameters:

[0244] Sampling frequency offset;

[0245] Time drift;

[0246] Frequency Tolerance (FrT);

[0247] Backscattering frequency (BLF).

[0248] For example: time interval T gapi =T totali *a*FrT, or, T gapi =T totali *b*time drift, where T totali This can be the time Ti waits after receiving an R2D transmission before performing a D2R transmission. totali The time length from the end of the R2D transmission to the end of the most recent D2R transmission before the tag, as shown in Figure 8, where a and b are predefined coefficients. For example, considering that the value of SFO can be positive or negative, a = 2 to ensure that adjacent D2R transmission time resources do not overlap when adjacent D2R transmissions have SFOs in different directions.

[0249] As shown in Figure 8, for Tag i that performs transmission in different second time units, since T totali Different, T gapi The values ​​are different. Or, the time interval T gapi =T totali *a*FrT, where T totaliThe waiting time can be the last D2R transmission scheduled in the R2D transmission schedule, for example: according to the waiting time of Tag3 (T in Figure 8). total2 Calculate the start time of the transmission.

[0250] In this example, for Tag i sent at different second time units, T gapi Same. This method has relatively lower resource utilization, but it is simpler.

[0251] Optional, T gap It can be related to BLF and can be uniquely determined by the value of BLF indicated by R2D.

[0252] Optional, T gap This can be related to SFO, for example, the maximum SFO requirement based on a tag is predefined as T. gap value;

[0253] Optional, T gap T needs to be R2D_min and / or T R2D_max Included, i.e., T gap ≥T R2D_min and / or T R2D_max .

[0254] Optional, T gap It can be determined based on the above factors, such as T gap For SFO / time drift / FrT / BLF / T R2D_min / T R2D_max The sum of at least two time interval values ​​determined separately.

[0255] In this embodiment, the end position of the previous D2R transmission (i.e., the adjacent first transmission) can be determined based on the length of the D2R transmission. The length of the D2R transmission includes the length of the information bits transmitted, and may also include the length of other reference signals, such as the length of the Preamble or Midamble. The Reader can also indicate the length information used to determine the D2R transmission of Tag-1 / Tag-2 / Tag-3, such as the information bit length or command type, wherein the information bit lengths of Tag-1 / Tag-2 / Tag-3 in the D2R transmission can be the same or different; the information bit length and time length of the D2R transmission can be uniquely determined according to the command type. The transmission times corresponding to the three Tag D2R transmissions are T1 / T2 / T3, respectively.

[0256] For example, the Reader indicates that the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing is 3, indicates the time interval value K-D2R between one R2D transmission and one D2R transmission, and determines T according to predefined rules.gap1 and T gap2 Therefore, the start time of Tag-1's D2R transmission is located at T. _R2D_end +T _s1 T _s1 =K_D2R. The start time of D2R transmission for Tag-2 is located at T. _Tag1_end +T _s2 T _s2 =T gap1 .

[0257] Among them, T _Tag1_end + indicates the end position of the nominal D2R transmission for Tag-1, for example: T _Tag1_end =T _R2D_end +K-D2R+T1, where T1 is the nominal D2R transmission time of Tag-1, determined according to at least one of the above methods. Alternatively, in another representation: the start time of D2R transmission for Tag-2 is located at T... _R2D_end +K-D2R+T1+T gap1 Similarly, the start time of Tag-3's D2R transmission is located at T. _R2D_end +K-D2R+T1+T gap1 +T2+T gap2 Due to the influence of SFO or other factors, the actual transmission start time and length of a tag may differ from the nominal transmission start time and length. This difference typically needs to meet certain performance requirements.

[0258] For example, the D2R transmission time of a Tag is determined based on the information bit length, time length, or second time unit length of the D2R transmissions performed by other Tag units. For instance, the Reader indicates that the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing is 3, indicates the time interval value K_D2R between one R2D transmission and one D2R transmission, and indicates the information bit length of the D2R transmissions performed by Tag-1 / Tag-2 / Tag-3. The information bit lengths of the D2R transmissions performed by Tag-1 / Tag-2 / Tag-3 can be the same or different, and their corresponding transmission times are T1 / T2 / T3 respectively. Therefore, the D2R transmission time of Tag-1 can be located at T... _R2D_end +K_D2R, the time when Tag-2 performs D2R transmission is located at T _R2D_end +T _s2 T _s2 =X1*T1. The time for Tag-3 to perform D2R transmission is located at T. _R2D_end +T _s3 Where T _s3=X1*T1+X2*T2, where X1 and X2 can be values ​​indicated by the Reader or predefined values, and X1 and X2 can be the same or different.

[0259] If the length of the second time unit is fixed, then the starting point of the time unit in which the tag itself belongs can also be determined based on the second time unit counter and the length of the second time unit. For example: suppose the length of the second time unit is T. _d The time for Tag-1 to perform D2R transmission is located at T. _R2D_end +T _s1 , where T _s1 =0*T _d The time for Tag-2 to perform D2R transmission is located in T _R2D_end +T _s2 T _s2 =1*T _d The time for Tag-3 to perform D2R transmission is located in T _R2D_end +T _s3 , where T _s3 =2*T _d .

[0260] For example: The Reader indicates that the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing is 3 or the number of second time units (sub-slots) is 3. Each tag is assigned according to the order of its own time unit, T... R2D_min and / or T R2D_max The start time of Tag-1's D2R transmission is determined by the length or end position of the preceding time unit. For example, Tag-1's D2R transmission begins at time T. _R2D_end +T _s1 , where T _s1 =T R2D_min Or, T _s1 =[T R2D_min ,T R2D_max The start time of Tag-2 D2R transmission is located at T. _Tag1_end +T _s2 T _s2 =T gap1 , or T _s2 =T gap1 +T R2D_min , or T _s2 =T gap1 +[T R2D_min ,T R2D_max ].

[0261] Where T _Tag1_end The timeframe is determined based on the start and length of the nominal transmission time for Tag-1. For example: if the start time of the D2R transmission for Tag-1 is located at T... _R2D_end+[T R2D_min ,T R2D_max If the nominal transmission time of Tag1 starts at T, then the starting point of the transmission time is T. _R2D_end +T R2D_max The nominal length is T1. The start time of D2R transmission for Tag-3 is located at T1. _Tag2_end +T _s3 T _s3 =T gap2 , or T _s3 =T gap2 +T R2D_min , or T _s3 =T gap2 +[T R2D_min ,T R2D_max ].

[0262] According to another representation, the start time of Tag-2 D2R transmission is located at T _R2D_end +T R2D_max +T1+T _s2 Where T1 is the duration of D2R transmission for Tag1. The start time of D2R transmission for Tag-3 is located at T1. _R2D_end +T R2D_max +T1+T _s2 +T2+T _s3 , where T2 is the duration of D2R transmission for Tag2.

[0263] In the embodiments of this application, the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on any one or more of the first time granularity, the first reference time point, and the first information. This is beneficial for the accurate execution of D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission in AIoT, and ensures the transmission performance of D2R and / or R2D.

[0264] As shown in Figure 9, this application embodiment also provides a method for determining transmission time, executed by a second device, including:

[0265] Step 901: The second device determines the transmission time of the second transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT;

[0266] Second time granularity;

[0267] Second reference time point.

[0268] In this embodiment, the first device is a response device, such as a tag, which can be a terminal; the second device is a read / write device, which can be a terminal or a network-side device such as a base station. The first transmission is a D2R transmission. The first device determines the transmission time of the D2R transmission. Optionally, the first device can determine the transmission time of the D2R transmission in TDMA mode, and then perform the D2R transmission according to the determined transmission time.

[0269] The second device can determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on a second time granularity, where the second time granularity is the time unit on which the second device determines the transmission time of the second transmission.

[0270] The second device can also determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on the second reference time point, wherein the transmission time of the second transmission is the transmission time relative to the second reference time point.

[0271] Optionally, the second device may determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on any one or a combination of the second time granularity and the second reference time point. For example, the transmission time of the second transmission relative to the second reference time point may be determined based on the second time granularity.

[0272] In this embodiment, the transmission time of the second transmission determined by the second device can be a set of all available time resources, which may be a set of resources for the start transmission time of the second transmission. Optionally, the start transmission time of the second transmission can be the start transmission time of data, or it can be the start transmission time of the first signal from the second device to the first device.

[0273] In the embodiments of this application, the second device determines the transmission time of the second transmission based on any one or more of the second time granularity and the second reference time point, which is beneficial to the accurate execution of D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission in AIoT and ensures the transmission performance of D2R and / or R2D.

[0274] As an optional embodiment, the second time granularity includes at least one of the following:

[0275] (1) The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission; wherein the second transmission is a second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

[0276] In this embodiment, the second device can determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on the time granularity corresponding to the second transmission.

[0277] (2) The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission, wherein the first transmission is the transmission between the first device and the second device in AIoT;

[0278] In this embodiment, the second device can determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on the time granularity corresponding to the first transmission. The second transmission triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

[0279] (3) The duration of the OFDM symbol; In this embodiment, the second device can determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on the duration of the OFDM symbol.

[0280] (4) The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission; it can also be understood as the minimum time interval T between the R2D transmission and the corresponding D2R transmission. R2D_min .

[0281] In this embodiment, the second time granularity can be any one of the above, or a combination of the above multiple items. For example, the second time granularity can be the maximum value, minimum value, summation, average, etc. of the above multiple items.

[0282] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the second transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0283] 11) The chip length corresponding to the second transmission;

[0284] In this embodiment, the second device can determine its own transmission time for the second transmission based on the time length of the chip corresponding to the second transmission.

[0285] Optionally, the duration of the chip includes at least one of the following:

[0286] The time length of the chip corresponding to the preamble; that is, the time length of the chip corresponding to the second transmission is the time length of the chip corresponding to the preamble of the second transmission;

[0287] The time length of the chip corresponding to PRDCH; that is, the time length of the chip corresponding to the second transmission is the time length of the chip corresponding to the PRDCH of the second device;

[0288] In this context, one chip corresponds to one OOK modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

[0289] In this embodiment, for any of the above-mentioned chip lengths, one chip corresponds to one OOK modulation symbol. The chip can be a time unit before or after encoding. For example, the chip length is the chip length after line code encoding. For instance, 1 bit of information, after Manchester encoding, is one bit corresponding to 2 chips, and each chip is an encoded chip.

[0290] 12) The duration of the information bits corresponding to the second transmission.

[0291] Optionally, the time length of the information bit is the time length corresponding to the encoded information bit.

[0292] Optionally, the encoding includes at least one of the following:

[0293] Line code;

[0294] Forward Error Correction Coding (FEC);

[0295] Based on square wave modulation;

[0296] Square wave-based coding;

[0297] The repetition can be bit-level repetition, chip-level repetition, or codeword-level repetition in line code or channel coding.

[0298] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0299] 21) The duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission;

[0300] In this embodiment, the second device can determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on the time length of the chip corresponding to the first transmission.

[0301] Optionally, the chip length includes at least one of the following:

[0302] 21a) The time length of the chip corresponding to the preamble; that is, the time length of the chip corresponding to the first transmission is the time length of the chip corresponding to the preamble of the first transmission.

[0303] 21b) The time length of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH; that is, the time length of the chip corresponding to the first transmission is the time length of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH of the first device.

[0304] In this context, one chip corresponds to one OOK modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

[0305] 22) The duration of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

[0306] Optionally, the time length of the information bit is the time length corresponding to the encoded information bit.

[0307] Optionally, the encoding includes at least one of the following:

[0308] Line code;

[0309] Forward Error Correction Coding (FEC);

[0310] Based on square wave modulation;

[0311] Square wave-based coding;

[0312] repeat.

[0313] As an optional embodiment, the second reference time point includes at least one of the following:

[0314] 1) The end position of the first time unit in the time resource;

[0315] 2) The end position of the last second time unit in a first time unit, where the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit;

[0316] 3) The end position of the first transmission of the last first device in a first time unit.

[0317] In this embodiment, the first time unit and the second time unit are both time resources for the first transmission, and the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit. The first time unit may include one or more second time units, for example: the first time unit is a slot, and the second time unit is a sub-slot.

[0318] The second device may determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on the end position of the first time unit in the time resource of the first transmission; and / or, the second device may determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on the end position of the last second time unit among a plurality of second time units within a first time unit; and / or, the second device may determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on the end position of the last D2R transmission performed by the first device within a first time unit.

[0319] For example, as shown in Figure 10, taking the first time unit as a slot and the second time unit as a sub-slot as an example, the Reader can determine the R2D transmission time based on the end position of the slot, or the end position of the last sub-slot within the slot, or the end position of the last D2R transmission: T _R2D_start =T _D2R_2_end +T _d T _d =[T D2R_min ,T D2R_max In Figure 10, the end position of a slot or the end position of the last sub-slot within a slot can be the same as or different from the end position of the last D2R transmission.

[0320] For example: assuming the end position of the slot is taken as the reference point, then T _R2D_start =T _slot_end +T _d T _d =[T D2R_min ,T D2R_max Assume the time interval between the end position of D2R in Tag 2 and the end position of the slot is T. _d1 So for Tag2, T _R2D_start =T _slot_end +T _d =T _D2R_2_end +T _d1 +T _d For example, suppose the transmission time T of R2D is determined by the end position of the last D2R transmission. _R2D_start So T _R2D_start =T_ D2R_2_end +T _d .

[0321] As an optional embodiment, the method further includes: performing a second transmission based on the transmission time of the second transmission.

[0322] In this embodiment, after determining the transmission time of the second transmission, the second device performs the second transmission based on the determined transmission time.

[0323] In the embodiments of this application, the second device determines the transmission time of the second transmission based on any one or more of the second time granularity and the second reference time point, which is beneficial to the accurate execution of D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission in AIoT and ensures the transmission performance of D2R and / or R2D.

[0324] The transmission time determination method provided in this application can be executed by a transmission time determination device. This application uses the example of a transmission time determination device executing the transmission time determination method to illustrate the transmission time determination device provided in this application.

[0325] This application provides a transmission time determination device. As an example, the transmission time determination device can be a communication device or a component within a communication device, such as a chip. The communication device can be a terminal, a network-side device, or a server, etc. Exemplarily, the terminal can be, but is not limited to, the type of terminal 11 listed above, and the network-side device can be, but is not limited to, the type of network-side device 12 listed above. This application does not impose specific limitations.

[0326] The transmission time determination device includes a receiving module, a transmitting module, and a processing module. These modules can be implemented in software or hardware. When implemented in hardware, the processing module can be implemented by a processor. For example, the processor can include general-purpose processors, special-purpose processors, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microprocessor, Digital Signal Processor (DSP), Artificial Intelligence (AI) processor, Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), Network Processor (NP), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or other programmable logic devices, gate circuits, transistors, discrete hardware components, etc. The receiving and transmitting modules can be implemented by a communication interface, which can include one or more of the following: transceiver, pins, circuits, bus, radio frequency unit, etc.

[0327] Specifically, referring to Figure 11, when the transmission time determination device is a first device, which can be a terminal or a component in a terminal, the transmission time determination device 1100 includes: a first processing module 1110, configured to determine the transmission time of a first transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the first transmission is a transmission between a first device and a second device in an AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) environment:

[0328] First-time granularity;

[0329] First reference time point;

[0330] First information.

[0331] Optionally, the first time granularity includes at least one of the following:

[0332] The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission;

[0333] The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission;

[0334] Time length of an OFDM symbol;

[0335] The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission;

[0336] Wherein, the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT; the second transmission is a second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

[0337] Optionally, the first reference time point includes at least one of the following:

[0338] The end time of the second transmission;

[0339] The end time of the adjacent first transmission;

[0340] The end time of the second time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission, wherein the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission.

[0341] Optionally, the end time of the adjacent first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0342] The nominal end time of the adjacent first transmission;

[0343] The actual end time of the adjacent first transmission.

[0344] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the second transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0345] The duration of the chip corresponding to the second transmission;

[0346] The duration of the information bits corresponding to the second transmission.

[0347] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0348] The duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission;

[0349] The duration of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

[0350] Optionally, the duration of the chip includes at least one of the following:

[0351] The duration of the chip corresponding to the preamble;

[0352] The time length of the chip corresponding to the PRDCH channel between the physical read / write device and the response device;

[0353] The time length of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH channel from the physical response device to the read / write device;

[0354] In this context, one chip corresponds to one on / off keyed OOK modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

[0355] Optionally, the time length of the information bit is the time length corresponding to the encoded information bit.

[0356] Optionally, the encoding includes at least one of the following:

[0357] Line code;

[0358] Forward Error Correction Coding (FEC);

[0359] Based on square wave modulation;

[0360] Square wave-based coding;

[0361] repeat.

[0362] Optionally, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0363] Time resource information;

[0364] Number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing;

[0365] First time interval;

[0366] Sampling frequency offset (SFO);

[0367] Time drift;

[0368] Frequency tolerance FrT;

[0369] Backscattering frequency (BLF);

[0370] The duration of the first transmission.

[0371] Optionally, the first information is pre-configured or pre-defined, and / or the first information is indicated by the second device;

[0372] The first processing module is specifically used to perform at least one of the following:

[0373] When the second device indicates the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the first information indicated by the second device;

[0374] If the second device does not indicate the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the pre-configured or pre-defined first information.

[0375] Optionally, the time resource includes at least one of the following:

[0376] First time unit;

[0377] The second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit.

[0378] Optionally, the time resource information includes at least one of the following:

[0379] The duration or number of the first time unit;

[0380] The duration or number of the second time unit;

[0381] The sum of the time lengths of all first time units;

[0382] The sum of the durations of all second time units;

[0383] The second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit.

[0384] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0385] The second processing module is used to determine time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing based on the second information sent by the second device.

[0386] The second information includes at least one of the following:

[0387] The first indication information is used to indicate the time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing;

[0388] The second indication information is used to indicate the first parameter and the quantity of the first parameter, wherein the first parameter is a parameter related to the time resource;

[0389] The third indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the first device.

[0390] Optionally, the transmission time of the first transmission includes the set of time resources available for the first transmission;

[0391] The apparatus further includes: a third processing module, configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0392] For contention-based transmissions, a time resource is randomly selected from the set of time resources according to predefined rules as the time resource used by the first transmission;

[0393] For non-contention-based transmissions, the time resources used by the first transmission are determined from the set of time resources based on third information.

[0394] Optionally, the third information includes at least one of the following:

[0395] The identifier of the first device;

[0396] The first device is RN16;

[0397] The order of the first device in the scheduled TDMA multiplexed devices.

[0398] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0399] The first receiving module is configured to receive control information for a second transmission sent by the second device, wherein the control information for the second transmission includes the first information and / or the second information.

[0400] Optionally, the first processing module is specifically configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0401] The time resources used by the first transmission are determined based on the control information of the second transmission most recently sent by the second device;

[0402] The control information for the second transmission includes first control information and second control information. If the second control information is received when the first control information sent by the second device is received, and the first time range indicated by the first control information includes the second time range indicated by the second control information, then the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the second control information within the second time range, and the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the first control information within other first time ranges besides the second time range.

[0403] Optionally, the first time interval includes at least one of the following:

[0404] The time interval between the first transmission and the second transmission;

[0405] The time interval between the first transmission and other adjacent first transmissions;

[0406] The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission;

[0407] The maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission.

[0408] Optionally, the minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission, and / or the maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission, includes at least one of the following:

[0409] The duration of the first transmission performed by the other first devices besides the first device;

[0410] The time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission performed by other first devices besides the first device; the other first devices are first devices whose transmission time is earlier than that of the first device;

[0411] The time interval between the first transmissions of different first devices.

[0412] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0413] The fourth processing module is used to determine the type of preamble used when performing the first transmission based on the transmission time of the first transmission.

[0414] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0415] The first sending module is used to perform a first transmission based on the transmission time of the first transmission.

[0416] In the embodiments of this application, the first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on any one or more of the first time granularity, the first reference time point, and the first information. This is beneficial for the accurate execution of D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission in AIoT, and ensures the transmission performance of D2R and / or R2D.

[0417] Referring to Figure 12, when the transmission time determination device is a second device, which may be a terminal, a network-side device, or a component in a network-side device, the transmission time determination device 1200 includes: a fifth processing module 1210, configured to determine the transmission time of a second transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the second transmission is a transmission between a second device and a first device in an AIoT.

[0418] Second time granularity;

[0419] Second reference time point.

[0420] Optionally, the second time granularity includes at least one of the following:

[0421] The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission;

[0422] The first transmission corresponds to the time granularity, where the first transmission is the transmission between the first device and the second device in AIoT.

[0423] The duration of the OFDM symbol;

[0424] The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission;

[0425] The second transmission is a second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

[0426] Optionally, the second reference time point includes at least one of the following:

[0427] The end position of the first time unit in the time resource;

[0428] The end position of the last second time unit in a first time unit, where the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit;

[0429] The end position of the first transmission of the last first device in a first time unit.

[0430] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the second transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0431] The duration of the chip corresponding to the second transmission;

[0432] The duration of the information bits corresponding to the second transmission.

[0433] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0434] The duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission;

[0435] The duration of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

[0436] Optionally, the duration of the chip includes at least one of the following:

[0437] The duration of the chip corresponding to the preamble;

[0438] The time length of the chip corresponding to PRDCH;

[0439] The chip length corresponding to PDRCH;

[0440] In this context, one chip corresponds to one OOK modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

[0441] Optionally, the time length of the information bit is the time length corresponding to the encoded information bit.

[0442] Optionally, the encoding includes at least one of the following:

[0443] Line code;

[0444] Forward Error Correction Coding (FEC);

[0445] Based on square wave modulation;

[0446] Square wave-based coding;

[0447] repeat.

[0448] Optionally, the device further includes:

[0449] The second sending module is used to perform a second transmission based on the transmission time of the second transmission.

[0450] In the embodiments of this application, the second device determines the transmission time of the second transmission based on any one or more of the second time granularity and the second reference time point, which is beneficial to the accurate execution of D2R transmission and / or R2D transmission in AIoT and ensures the transmission performance of D2R and / or R2D.

[0451] The transmission time determination device provided in this application embodiment can implement the various processes implemented in the method embodiments of Figures 5 to 10 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0452] As shown in Figure 13, this application embodiment also provides a communication device 1300, including a processor 1301 and a memory 1302. The memory 1302 stores a program or instructions that can run on the processor 1301. For example, when the communication device 1300 is a terminal, when the program or instructions are executed by the processor 1301, they implement the various steps of the above-described method for determining transmission time applied to the first device or the second device, and achieve the same technical effect. When the communication device 1300 is a network-side device, when the program or instructions are executed by the processor 1301, they implement the various steps of the above-described method for determining transmission time applied to the second device, and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, this will not be described again here.

[0453] This application also provides a communication device, which is a first device, which may be a terminal, including a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface and the processor are coupled, and the processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps in the method embodiments shown in FIG5 or FIG9. This terminal embodiment corresponds to the above-described first device-side method embodiment or second device-side method embodiment. All implementation processes and methods of the above-described method embodiments can be applied to this terminal embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect. The terminal may be the transmission time determination device shown in FIG11 or FIG12. Specifically, FIG14 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of a terminal implementing an embodiment of this application when the first device or the second device is a terminal.

[0454] The terminal 1400 includes, but is not limited to, at least some of the following components: radio frequency unit 1401, network module 1402, audio output unit 1403, input unit 1404, sensor 1405, display unit 1406, user input unit 1407, interface unit 1408, memory 1409, and processor 1410.

[0455] Those skilled in the art will understand that the terminal 1400 may also include a power supply (such as a battery) for powering various components. The power supply can be logically connected to the processor 1410 through a power management system, thereby enabling functions such as charging, discharging, and power consumption management through the power management system. The terminal structure shown in Figure 14 does not constitute a limitation on the terminal. The terminal may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements, which will not be elaborated here.

[0456] It should be understood that, in this embodiment, the input unit 1404 may include a graphics processor 14041 and a microphone 14042. The graphics processor 14041 processes image data of still images or videos obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 1406 may include a display panel 14061, which may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode, or the like. The user input unit 1407 includes at least one of a touch panel 14071 and other input devices 14072. The touch panel 14071 is also called a touch screen. The touch panel 14071 may include a touch detection device and a touch controller. Other input devices 14072 may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be described in detail here.

[0457] In this embodiment, after receiving downlink data from the network-side device, the radio frequency unit 1401 can transmit it to the processor 1410 for processing; in addition, the radio frequency unit 1401 can send uplink data to the network-side device. Typically, the radio frequency unit 1401 includes, but is not limited to, antennas, amplifiers, transceivers, couplers, low-noise amplifiers, duplexers, etc.

[0458] The memory 1409 can be used to store software programs or instructions, as well as various data. The memory 1409 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area may store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, the memory 1409 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory may be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous link dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM). The memory 1409 in this embodiment includes, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0459] Processor 1410 may include one or more processing units; optionally, processor 1410 integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations involving the operating system, user interface, and applications, and the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into processor 1410.

[0460] In this embodiment, the above-mentioned device is used as the first device for illustration.

[0461] The processor 1410 is configured to determine the transmission time of a first transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the first transmission is a transmission between a first device and a second device in an AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) environment:

[0462] First-time granularity;

[0463] First reference time point;

[0464] First information.

[0465] Optionally, the first time granularity includes at least one of the following:

[0466] The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission;

[0467] The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission;

[0468] Time length of an OFDM symbol;

[0469] The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission;

[0470] Wherein, the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT; the second transmission is a second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

[0471] Optionally, the first reference time point includes at least one of the following:

[0472] The end time of the second transmission;

[0473] The end time of the adjacent first transmission;

[0474] The end time of the second time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission, wherein the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission.

[0475] Optionally, the end time of the adjacent first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0476] The nominal end time of the adjacent first transmission;

[0477] The actual end time of the adjacent first transmission.

[0478] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the second transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0479] The duration of the chip corresponding to the second transmission;

[0480] The duration of the information bits corresponding to the second transmission.

[0481] Optionally, the time granularity corresponding to the first transmission includes at least one of the following:

[0482] The duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission;

[0483] The duration of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

[0484] Optionally, the duration of the chip includes at least one of the following:

[0485] The duration of the chip corresponding to the preamble;

[0486] The time length of the chip corresponding to the PRDCH channel between the physical read / write device and the response device;

[0487] The time length of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH channel from the physical response device to the read / write device;

[0488] In this context, one chip corresponds to one on / off keyed OOK modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

[0489] Optionally, the time length of the information bit is the time length corresponding to the encoded information bit.

[0490] Optionally, the encoding includes at least one of the following:

[0491] Line code;

[0492] Forward Error Correction Coding (FEC);

[0493] Based on square wave modulation;

[0494] Square wave-based coding;

[0495] repeat.

[0496] Optionally, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0497] Time resource information;

[0498] Number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing;

[0499] First time interval;

[0500] Sampling frequency offset (SFO);

[0501] Time drift;

[0502] Frequency tolerance FrT;

[0503] Backscattering frequency (BLF);

[0504] The duration of the first transmission.

[0505] Optionally, the first information is pre-configured or pre-defined, and / or the first information is indicated by the second device;

[0506] The processor is specifically used to perform at least one of the following:

[0507] When the second device indicates the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the first information indicated by the second device;

[0508] If the second device does not indicate the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the pre-configured or pre-defined first information.

[0509] Optionally, the time resource includes at least one of the following:

[0510] First time unit;

[0511] The second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit.

[0512] Optionally, the time resource information includes at least one of the following:

[0513] The duration or number of the first time unit;

[0514] The duration or number of the second time unit;

[0515] The sum of the time lengths of all first time units;

[0516] The sum of the durations of all second time units;

[0517] The second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit.

[0518] Optionally, the processor is also used to:

[0519] The time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing are determined based on the second information sent by the second device.

[0520] The second information includes at least one of the following:

[0521] The first indication information is used to indicate the time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing;

[0522] The second indication information is used to indicate the first parameter and the quantity of the first parameter, wherein the first parameter is a parameter related to the time resource;

[0523] The third indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the first device.

[0524] Optionally, the transmission time of the first transmission includes the set of time resources available for the first transmission;

[0525] The processor is also configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0526] For contention-based transmissions, a time resource is randomly selected from the set of time resources according to predefined rules as the time resource used by the first transmission;

[0527] For non-contention-based transmissions, the time resources used by the first transmission are determined from the set of time resources based on third information.

[0528] Optionally, the third information includes at least one of the following:

[0529] The identifier of the first device;

[0530] The first device is RN16;

[0531] The order of the first device in the scheduled TDMA multiplexed devices.

[0532] Optionally, the radio frequency unit 1401 is configured to: receive control information for a second transmission sent by a second device, wherein the control information for the second transmission includes the first information and / or the second information.

[0533] Optionally, the processor is configured to perform at least one of the following:

[0534] The transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the control information of the second transmission most recently sent by the second device.

[0535] The control information for the second transmission includes first control information and second control information. If the second control information is received when the first control information sent by the second device is received, and the first time range indicated by the first control information includes the second time range indicated by the second control information, then the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the second control information within the second time range, and the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the first control information within other first time ranges besides the second time range.

[0536] Optionally, the first time interval includes at least one of the following:

[0537] The time interval between the first transmission and the second transmission;

[0538] The time interval between the first transmission and other adjacent first transmissions;

[0539] The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission;

[0540] The maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission.

[0541] Optionally, the minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission, and / or the maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission, includes at least one of the following:

[0542] The duration of the first transmission performed by the other first devices besides the first device;

[0543] The time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission performed by other first devices besides the first device; the other first devices are first devices whose transmission time is earlier than that of the first device;

[0544] The time interval between the first transmissions of different first devices.

[0545] Optionally, the processor is further configured to:

[0546] Based on the transmission time of the first transmission, determine the type of preamble used when performing the first transmission.

[0547] Optionally, the radio frequency unit 1401 is used for:

[0548] The first transmission is performed based on the transmission time of the first transmission.

[0549] It is understood that the implementation process of each implementation method mentioned in this embodiment can refer to the relevant description of the transmission time determination method in the method embodiment, and achieve the same or corresponding technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0550] It should be noted that the above-mentioned device can also implement the steps in the method shown in Figure 9, or can implement the methods executed by the modules shown in Figure 12.

[0551] This application also provides a communication device, which is a second device. The second device can be a terminal or a network-side device. When the second device is a network-side device, it includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method embodiment shown in FIG9. This network-side device embodiment corresponds to the above-described method embodiment applied to the second device. All implementation processes and methods of the above-described method embodiments can be applied to this network-side device embodiment and can achieve the same technical effect.

[0552] Specifically, this application embodiment also provides a communication device, which is a second device. The second device can be a terminal or a network-side device. Taking the second device as a network-side device as an example, the network-side device can be the transmission time determination device shown in FIG12. As shown in FIG15, the network-side device 1500 includes: an antenna 151, a radio frequency device 152, a baseband device 153, a processor 154, and a memory 155. The antenna 151 is connected to the radio frequency device 152. In the uplink direction, the radio frequency device 152 receives information through the antenna 151 and sends the received information to the baseband device 153 for processing. In the downlink direction, the baseband device 153 processes the information to be transmitted and sends it to the radio frequency device 152. The radio frequency device 152 processes the received information and transmits it through the antenna 151.

[0553] The method executed by the network-side device in the above embodiments can be implemented in the baseband device 153, which includes a baseband processor.

[0554] The baseband device 153 may include at least one baseband board, on which multiple chips are disposed, as shown in FIG15. One of the chips is, for example, a baseband processor, which is connected to the memory 155 via a bus interface to call the program in the memory 155 and execute the network device operation shown in the above method embodiment.

[0555] The network-side device may also include a network interface 156, such as a Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI).

[0556] Specifically, the network-side device 1500 in this application embodiment further includes: instructions or programs stored in memory 155 and executable on processor 154. Processor 154 calls the instructions or programs in memory 155 to execute the methods executed by each module shown in FIG12 and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0557] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described transmission time determination method embodiments and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0558] The processor mentioned above is the processor in the terminal described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk. In some examples, the readable storage medium may be a non-transient readable storage medium.

[0559] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described transmission time determination method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0560] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0561] This application also provides a computer program / program product, which is stored in a storage medium and executed by at least one processor to implement the various processes of the above-described transmission time determination method embodiment, and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0562] This application also provides a computer program product, including computer instructions. When the computer instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described transmission time determination method embodiment and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0563] This application also provides a wireless communication system, including: a terminal and a network-side device. The terminal can be used to execute the steps of the transmission time determination method applied to a first device or a second device as described above, and the network-side device can be used to execute the steps of the transmission time determination method applied to a second device as described above.

[0564] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0565] From the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of computer software products plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, they can also be implemented by hardware. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM, RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc.) and includes several instructions to cause the terminal or network-side device to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0566] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other implementations under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these implementations are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A method for determining transmission time, comprising: The first device determines the transmission time of the first transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the first transmission is a transmission between the first device and the second device in an AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) environment: First-time granularity; First reference time point; First information.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first time granularity includes at least one of the following: The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission; The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission; Time length of an OFDM symbol; The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission; Wherein, the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT; the second transmission is a second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first reference time point includes at least one of the following: The end time of the second transmission; The end time of the adjacent first transmission; the end time of the second time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission, wherein the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The end time of the adjacent first transmission includes at least one of the following: The nominal end time of the adjacent first transmission; The actual end time of the adjacent first transmission.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein, The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission includes at least one of the following: The duration of the chip corresponding to the second transmission; The duration of the information bits corresponding to the second transmission.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein, The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission includes at least one of the following: The duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission; The duration of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

7. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein, The duration of the chip includes at least one of the following: The duration of the chip corresponding to the preamble; The time length of the chip corresponding to the PRDCH channel between the physical read / write device and the response device; The time length of the chip corresponding to the PDRCH channel from the physical response device to the read / write device; In this context, one chip corresponds to one on / off keyed OOK modulation symbol, and the chip is a time unit before or after encoding.

8. The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein, The time length of the information bit is the time length corresponding to the encoded information bit.

9. The method of claim 7 or 8, wherein, The encoding includes at least one of the following: Line code; Forward Error Correction Coding (FEC); Based on square wave modulation; Square wave-based coding; repeat.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first information includes at least one of the following: Time resource information; Number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing; First time interval; Sampling frequency offset (SFO); Time drift; Frequency tolerance FrT; Backscattering frequency (BLF); The duration of the first transmission.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein, The first information is pre-configured or pre-defined, and / or the first information is indicated by the second device; Determining the transmission time of the first transmission based on the first information includes at least one of the following: When the second device indicates the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the first information indicated by the second device; If the second device does not indicate the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the pre-configured or pre-defined first information.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein, The time resources include at least one of the following: First time unit; The second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit.

13. The method of claim 10 or 12, wherein, The time resource information includes at least one of the following: The duration or number of the first time unit; The duration or number of the second time unit; The sum of the time lengths of all first time units; The sum of the durations of all second time units; The second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit.

14. The method according to claim 1 or 10, further comprising: The time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing are determined based on the second information sent by the second device. The second information includes at least one of the following: The first indication information is used to indicate the time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing; The second indication information is used to indicate the first parameter and the quantity of the first parameter, wherein the first parameter is a parameter related to the time resource; The third indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the first device.

15. The method of claim 1, wherein, The transmission time of the first transmission includes the set of time resources available for the first transmission; The method further includes at least one of the following: For contention-based transmissions, a time resource is randomly selected from the set of time resources according to predefined rules as the time resource used by the first transmission; For non-contention-based transmissions, the time resources used by the first transmission are determined from the set of time resources based on third information.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The third information includes at least one of the following: The identifier of the first device; The first device contains a 16-bit random or pseudo-random number RN16; The order in which the first device is scheduled among the devices in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) multiplexing scheme.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1, 10-14, further comprising: The system receives control information transmitted by a second device, the second transmission of which includes the first information and / or the second information.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, Determining the transmission time of the first transmission includes at least one of the following: The transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the control information of the second transmission most recently sent by the second device. The control information for the second transmission includes first control information and second control information. If the second control information is received when the first control information sent by the second device is received, and the first time range indicated by the first control information includes the second time range indicated by the second control information, then the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the second control information within the second time range, and the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the first control information within other first time ranges besides the second time range.

19. The method of claim 10, wherein, The first time interval includes at least one of the following: The time interval between the first transmission and the second transmission; The time interval between the first transmission and other adjacent first transmissions; The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission; The maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission, and / or the maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission, includes at least one of the following: The duration of the first transmission performed by the other first devices besides the first device; The time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission performed by other first devices besides the first device; the other first devices are first devices whose transmission time is earlier than that of the first device; The time interval between the first transmissions of different first devices.

21. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: Based on the transmission time of the first transmission, determine the type of preamble used when performing the first transmission.

22. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The first transmission is performed based on the transmission time of the first transmission.

23. A method for determining transmission time, comprising: The second device determines the transmission time of the second transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT; Second time granularity; Second reference time point.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein, The second time granularity includes at least one of the following: The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission; The first transmission corresponds to the time granularity, where the first transmission is the transmission between the first device and the second device in AIoT. The duration of the OFDM symbol; The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission; The second transmission is a second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein, The second reference time point includes at least one of the following: The end position of the first time unit in the time resource; The end position of the last second time unit in a first time unit, where the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit; The end position of the first transmission of the last first device in a first time unit.

26. The method of claim 24, wherein, The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission includes at least one of the following: The duration of the chip corresponding to the second transmission; The duration of the information bits corresponding to the second transmission.

27. The method of claim 24, wherein, The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission includes at least one of the following: The duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission; The duration of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

28. The method of claim 23, further comprising: The second transmission is performed based on the transmission time of the second transmission.

29. A transmission time determination device, comprising: A first processing module is configured to determine the transmission time of a first transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the first transmission is a transmission between a first device and a second device in an AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) environment: First-time granularity; First reference time point; First information.

30. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein, The first time granularity includes at least one of the following: The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission; The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission; Time length of an OFDM symbol; The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission; Wherein, the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in AIoT; the second transmission is a second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

31. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein, The first reference time point includes at least one of the following: The end time of the second transmission; The end time of the adjacent first transmission; The end time of the second time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission, wherein the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit corresponding to the adjacent first transmission.

32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein, The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission includes at least one of the following: The duration of the chip corresponding to the second transmission; The duration of the information bits corresponding to the second transmission.

33. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein, The time granularity corresponding to the first transmission includes at least one of the following: The duration of the chip corresponding to the first transmission; The duration of the information bits corresponding to the first transmission.

34. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein, The first information includes at least one of the following: Time resource information; Number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing; First time interval; Sampling frequency offset (SFO); Time drift; Frequency tolerance FrT; Backscattering frequency (BLF); The duration of the first transmission.

35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein, The first information is pre-configured or pre-defined, and / or the first information is indicated by the second device; The first processing module is specifically used to perform at least one of the following: When the second device indicates the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the first information indicated by the second device; If the second device does not indicate the first information, the transmission time of the first transmission is determined based on the pre-configured or pre-defined first information.

36. The apparatus according to claim 29 or 34, further comprising: The second processing module is used to determine time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing based on the second information sent by the second device. The second information includes at least one of the following: The first indication information is used to indicate the time resource information and / or the number of users supporting TDMA multiplexing; The second indication information is used to indicate the first parameter and the quantity of the first parameter, wherein the first parameter is a parameter related to the time resource; The third indication information is used to indicate the identifier of the first device; The second transmitted control information.

37. The apparatus of claim 29, wherein, The transmission time of the first transmission includes the set of time resources available for the first transmission; The apparatus further includes: a third processing module, configured to perform at least one of the following: For contention-based transmissions, a time resource is randomly selected from the set of time resources according to predefined rules as the time resource used by the first transmission; For non-contention-based transmissions, the time resources used by the first transmission are determined from the set of time resources based on third information.

38. The apparatus according to any one of claims 29, 34 to 36, further comprising: The first receiving module is configured to receive control information for a second transmission sent by the second device, wherein the control information for the second transmission includes the first information and / or the second information.

39. The device of claim 38, wherein, The first processing module is specifically used to perform at least one of the following: The time resources used by the first transmission are determined based on the control information of the second transmission most recently sent by the second device; The control information for the second transmission includes first control information and second control information. If the second control information is received when the first control information sent by the second device is received, and the first time range indicated by the first control information includes the second time range indicated by the second control information, then the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the second control information within the second time range, and the transmission time of the first transmission is determined according to the first control information within other first time ranges besides the second time range.

40. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein, The first time interval includes at least one of the following: The time interval between the first transmission and the second transmission; The time interval between the first transmission and other adjacent first transmissions; The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission; The maximum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission.

41. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising: The fourth processing module is used to determine the type of preamble used when performing the first transmission based on the transmission time of the first transmission.

42. The apparatus of claim 29, further comprising: The first sending module is used to perform a first transmission based on the transmission time of the first transmission.

43. A transmission time determination device, comprising: The fifth processing module is configured to determine the transmission time of the second transmission based on at least one of the following, wherein the second transmission is a transmission between the second device and the first device in an AIoT; Second time granularity; Second reference time point.

44. The device of claim 43, wherein, The second time granularity includes at least one of the following: The time granularity corresponding to the second transmission; The first transmission corresponds to the time granularity, where the first transmission is the transmission between the first device and the second device in AIoT. The duration of the OFDM symbol; The minimum time interval between the second transmission and the first transmission; The second transmission is a second transmission that triggers and / or schedules the first transmission.

45. The device of claim 43, wherein, The second reference time point includes at least one of the following: The end position of the first time unit in the time resource; The end position of the last second time unit in a first time unit, where the second time unit is a sub-time unit of the first time unit; The end position of the first transmission of the last first device in a first time unit.

46. ​​The apparatus of claim 43, further comprising: The second sending module is used to perform a second transmission based on the transmission time of the second transmission.

47. A communication device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions executable on the processor, the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the transmission time determination method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, or implementing the steps of the transmission time determination method as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 28.

48. A readable storage medium storing a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the transmission time determination method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, or implement the steps of the transmission time determination method as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 28.

49. A computer program product comprising computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, implement the transmission time determination method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22, or implement the steps of the transmission time determination method as claimed in any one of claims 23 to 28.

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