Cover for final drive of a snow and marsh mobile

Abstract

A cover for a final drive of a snow and marsh mobile is made of metal and is in the form of a shaped pan, the cover comprising a flange, a seat for an input shaft bearing, and an aperture for an output shaft. The cover is formed of two seamlessly joined parts, a first part in the form of a solid of revolution of smaller radius (78 mm) and a second part in the form of a solid of revolution of larger radius (128 mm), which form the walls of the cover, wherein the centres of said parts are spaced apart by a distance of 145 mm, the parts have two apertures intended for the egress of the output shaft and the mounting of seals and for receiving an input shaft bearing, respectively, and the first part has five longitudinal grooves on the outside surface thereof. The result is that of providing mechanical support for the components of a gear train, as well as mechanical protection for internal components, and a sealed container for lubricant.

Description

All-terrain vehicle final drive cover

[0001] Technical area. This technical solution relates to transport engineering, specifically gearbox engineering, and can be used in the design of final drives for wheels and in off-road vehicles such as snow and swamp vehicles and all-terrain vehicles.

[0002] All-terrain vehicles (ATVs) and snow and swamp vehicles (SAVs) typically have relatively large wheels, so to transmit the required torque, final drives are installed on each wheel. The final drive consists of a housing, a cover, and a gear train with input and output shafts.

[0003] The final drive cover is a part that is attached to the gearbox housing. Together with the housing, it forms a container for filling with lubricant, in which the gear transmission is located. It is designed to ensure its sealing, prevent oil leakage and the ingress of abrasive particles into the housing, as well as fixing (supporting) the outer bearing of the input shaft.

[0004] The final drive cover provides mechanical support for the gear train components, serves as a load-bearing element (supporting the input shaft), seals, provides mechanical protection, dissipates heat generated by the gearbox during operation, relieves excess pressure, and allows for lubricant replacement. It is traditionally made of cast iron or aluminum using mold casting methods.

[0005] The final drives of the unsteered wheel of the Soviet BTR-80 and BTR-60 wheeled armored personnel carriers [1] are known. They comprise a housing with a cover containing input and output shafts, with a gear transmission including a pinion and a gear wheel connected to the shafts. The final drive cover is made of metal, consists of smoothly mating structural elements, and contains a single opening for the output shaft.

[0006] The gearbox [1] and its cover are not suitable for all-terrain vehicles; the cover does not allow for the installation of a gear transmission.

[0007] A final drive [2] is known, designed to improve the cross-country capability of a vehicle. It comprises a gear transmission with internal engagement and a bracket supporting the vehicle's wheel axis of rotation. The housing is adapted for installation on the vehicle's standard wheel hub with the ability to rotate relative to it and is equipped with means for fastening to vehicle components.

[0008] The cover is not suitable for the closed final drive of an all-terrain vehicle and is not compatible with the body of such a gearbox.

[0009] The structural elements of known covers have different shapes and sizes due to differences in the parameters of the gears used and installation locations, but they are not suitable for connection to the gearbox housing of all-terrain vehicles (for example, the Burlak type).

[0010] The cover of the final drive of the all-terrain vehicle is made of metal, made in the form of a figured bowl. The cover is formed from two smoothly connected parts, the first part 4 in the form of a body of revolution of a smaller radius (78 mm), the second part 5 in the form of a body of revolution of a larger radius (128 mm), forming walls 6 of the cover, spaced at a distance of 145 mm, in which two openings 1 and 2 are made, intended for the exit of the output shaft and the installation of oil seals and for the bearing of the input shaft; the first part on the outer surface contains longitudinal recesses 11 (5 pcs.), evenly spaced along the perimeter of wall 6, between which an array of wall material 12 is located; the recesses extend to a flat flange 3, in which fastening holes 8 are made coaxially with the recesses; the flange contains 18 fastening holes; the first part 4 contains a lug 13 30 mm long, in which a seat is made for the input shaft bearing, in the form of a through hole 90 mm in diameter, to provide access to the input shaft and installation of a small cover 20, along the perimeter of the hole on the end of the lug there are threaded recesses for fastening the small cover of the input shaft; the second part 5 contains stiffening ribs 7 (9 pcs.) on the outer surface.), evenly spaced along the perimeter and adjacent to the flat flange 3; between the stiffening ribs 7, fastening holes 8 of the flange are made; the wall of the second part contains three lugs 9, spaced apart from each other on the surface of the wall, two lugs are made symmetrically from the longitudinal axis, on the side surface of the wall, one lug is made in the lower part of the wall, each lug contains a threaded hole 10 for installing a plug; the second part contains a stepped hole 2 for the exit of the output shaft 15 and the installation of seals.

[0011] Ensures that the gearbox housing is compatible with its installation location for connection to the suspension arms of the all-terrain vehicle's non-steering wheel, for mounting gear transmission elements with a gear ratio of 3.8, a maximum permissible torque of 3000 Nm, with a sufficient level of reliability and strength.

[0012] The technical challenge is to improve the design of the final drive cover for an all-terrain vehicle. This includes simplifying the manufacturing process and reducing the time it takes to install and remove the final drive, improving overall reliability, operational performance, and technological characteristics.

[0013] The problem is solved in that the cover of the final drive of the all-terrain vehicle is made of metal, made in the form of a figured bowl, containing a flange, a seat for the input shaft bearing, and a hole for the output shaft. Moreover, the cover is formed from two smoothly mating parts, the first part in the form of a rotating body of a smaller radius (78 mm), the second part in the form of a rotating body of a larger radius (128 mm), forming the walls of the cover, spaced at a distance of 145 mm, in which two holes are made intended for the output shaft and the installation of seals and for the input shaft bearing; the first part on the outer surface contains longitudinal recesses (5 pcs.), evenly spaced along the perimeter of the wall, between which an array of wall material is located; the recesses extend to a flat flange in which fastening holes are made coaxially with the recesses; the flange contains 18 fastening holes; the first part contains a 30 mm long boss in which a seat is made for the input shaft bearing in the form of a through hole with a diameter of 90 mm to provide access to the input shaft and installation of a small cover, along the perimeter of the hole on the end of the boss there are threaded recesses for fastening the small cover of the input shaft; the second part contains stiffening ribs (9 pcs.) on the outer surface.), evenly spaced around the perimeter and adjacent to a flat flange; flange mounting holes are made between the stiffening ribs; the wall of the second part contains three lugs, spaced apart on the wall surface, two lugs are made symmetrically from the longitudinal axis, on the side surface of the wall, one lug is made in the lower part of the wall, each lug contains a threaded hole for installing a plug; the second part contains a stepped hole for the output shaft and the installation of seals.

[0014] The all-terrain vehicle's final drive cover is cast from an aluminum alloy. Allowing for inevitable tolerances, the wall thickness of the first section at the base is 27 mm, sloped 12 degrees toward the high tide; the recess radius is 10 mm; the flange thickness is 7 mm, the stiffener thickness is 5 mm, and the wall thickness of the second section is 5 mm.

[0015] The technical solution eliminates the described problems inherent in existing analogs. The design simplifies manufacturing, simplifies gearbox assembly and disassembly, and improves overall reliability, operational, and technological performance.

[0016] The technical result consists in expanding the arsenal of technical means to ensure that the gearbox housing matches the place of its installation for connection with the suspension arms of the unsteered wheel of the all-terrain vehicle, for mounting the elements of the gear transmission with a gear ratio of 3.8, a maximum permissible torque of 3000 Nm, with a sufficient level of reliability and strength.

[0017] The technical solution is explained by diagrams showing: Figure 1

[0018] lid, general appearance. Figure 2

[0019] lid, in section. Figure 3

[0020] Cover, front view. Figure 4

[0021] Final drive, sectional view.

[0022] The cover of the final drive of the snow and swamp-going vehicle is made of metal, made in the form of a figured bowl. The cover is formed from two smoothly connected parts, the first part 4 in the form of a body of revolution of a smaller radius (78 mm), the second part 5 in the form of a body of revolution of a larger radius (128 mm), forming walls 6 of the cover, spaced at a distance of 145 mm, in which two openings 1 and 2 are made, intended for the exit of the output shaft and the installation of oil seals and for the bearing of the input shaft; the first part on the outer surface contains longitudinal recesses 11 (5 pcs.), evenly spaced along the perimeter of wall 6, between which an array of wall material 12 is located; the recesses extend to a flat flange 3, in which fastening holes 8 are made coaxially with the recesses; the flange contains 18 fastening holes; the first part 4 contains a lug 13 30 mm long, in which a seat is made for the input shaft bearing, in the form of a through hole 90 mm in diameter, to provide access to the input shaft and installation of a small cover 20, along the perimeter of the hole on the end of the lug there are threaded recesses for fastening the small cover of the input shaft; the second part 5 contains stiffening ribs 7 (9 pcs.) on the outer surface.), evenly spaced along the perimeter and adjacent to the flat flange 3; between the stiffening ribs 7, fastening holes 8 of the flange are made; the wall of the second part contains three lugs 9, spaced apart from each other on the surface of the wall, two lugs are made symmetrically from the longitudinal axis, on the side surface of the wall, one lug is made in the lower part of the wall, each lug contains a threaded hole 10 for installing a plug; the second part contains a stepped hole 2 for the exit of the output shaft 15 and the installation of seals.

[0023] The cover of the final drive of the all-terrain vehicle consists of metal (steel), is made in the form of a shaped bowl, contains the first opening 1 (intended for seating the bearing 18 and installing the small cover 20 of the input shaft 14) and the second opening 2 (intended for the exit of the output shaft 15 and installation of seals 21), a flat flange 3.

[0024] The lid is formed from two smoothly joined parts: the first part 4 is shaped like a body of revolution with a smaller radius (78 mm), and the second part 5 is shaped like a body of revolution with a larger radius (128 mm), forming the lid walls 6. The centers of rotation of the first part 4 and the second part 5 are separated by a distance of 145 mm. Two circular openings 1 and 2 are made coaxially in the corresponding part, with an interaxial distance of 145 mm.

[0025] The second part 5 on the outer surface contains stiffening ribs 7 (9 pcs.), evenly distributed along the perimeter and adjacent to the flat flange 3. Between the stiffening ribs 7, fastening holes 8 of the flange 3 are made. The flange contains 18 fastening holes 8.

[0026] The wall of the second part 5 contains three lugs 9, spaced apart on the surface of the wall 6, two lugs 9 are made symmetrically from the longitudinal axis, on the side surface of the wall 6, one lug 9 is made in the lower part of the wall 6, each lug 9 contains a threaded hole 10 for installing a plug.

[0027] The second part 5 contains a stepped hole 2 for the exit of the output shaft 15 and the installation of seals 21.

[0028] The first part 4 on the outer surface contains longitudinal recesses 11 (in the amount of 5 pieces), evenly distributed along the perimeter of the wall 6 of the first part 4, between which an array of material 12 of the wall 6 is located.

[0029] The recesses 11 extend (have an extension) to the flat flange 3, in which the fastening holes 8 are made coaxially with the recesses 11.

[0030] The first part 4 contains a boss 13 (boss) 30 mm long, in which a seat is made for bearing 18 of input shaft 14, in the form of a through hole 1 with a diameter of 90 mm, to provide access to input shaft 14 and installation of small cover 20, along the perimeter of the hole on the end of boss 13 there are threaded recesses 22 for fastening small cover 20 of input shaft 14.

[0031] An example is shown in

[0032] The cover of the final drive of the all-terrain vehicle consists of an aluminum alloy, is made in the form of a shaped bowl, contains the first opening 1 (intended for seating the bearing 18 and installing the small cover 20 of the input shaft 14) and the second opening 2 (intended for the exit of the output shaft 15 and installation of seals 21), a flat flange 3.

[0033] The lid is formed from two smoothly joined parts: the first part 4 is in the form of a body of revolution with a smaller radius (78 mm), and the second part 5 is in the form of a body of revolution with a larger radius (128 mm), forming the walls 6 of the lid. The centers of rotation of the first part 4 and the second part 5 are separated by a distance of 145 mm. Two circular openings 1 and 2 are made coaxially in the corresponding part, with an interaxial distance of 145 mm.

[0034] The second part 5 on the outer surface contains stiffening ribs 7 (9 pcs.), evenly distributed along the perimeter and adjacent to the flat flange 3. Between the stiffening ribs 7, fastening holes 8 of the flange 3 are made. The flange contains 18 fastening holes 8.

[0035] The wall of the second part 5 contains three lugs 9, spaced apart on the surface of the wall 6, two lugs 9 are made symmetrically from the longitudinal axis, on the side surface of the wall 6, one lug 9 is made in the lower part of the wall 6, each lug 9 contains a threaded hole 10 for installing a plug.

[0036] The second part 5 contains a stepped hole 2 for the exit of the output shaft 15 and the installation of seals 21.

[0037] The first part 4 on the outer surface contains longitudinal recesses 11 (in the amount of 5 pieces), evenly distributed along the perimeter of the wall 6 of the first part 4, between which an array of material 12 of the wall 6 is located.

[0038] The recesses 11 extend (have an extension) to the flat flange 3, in which the fastening holes 8 are made coaxially with the recesses 11.

[0039] The first part 4 contains a boss 13 (boss) 30 mm long, in which a seat is made for bearing 18 of input shaft 14, in the form of a through hole 1 with a diameter of 90 mm, to provide access to input shaft 14 and installation of small cover 20, along the perimeter of the hole on the end of boss 13 there are threaded recesses 22 for fastening small cover 20 of input shaft 14.

[0040] The cover of the final drive of the all-terrain vehicle is made of cast aluminum alloy, and, taking into account the inevitable permissible deviations, the thickness of the wall of the first part 4 at the base is 27 mm, wall 6 is made with a slope towards the lug 13 at an angle of 12 degrees; the radius of the recesses 11 is 10 mm; the thickness of the flange is 7 mm, the thickness of the stiffening ribs is 5 mm, the thickness of the wall of the second part is 5 mm.

[0041] Using the lid

[0042] The all-terrain vehicle final drive cover provides mechanical support for the input shaft bearing gearbox components, mechanical protection for the internal components, and a sealed container (in combination with the main body 19) for the grease that lubricates the gearbox components.

[0043] The final drive cover provides the ability to mount the bearing on the input shaft 14 and access to the input shaft 14 from the outside (through the small cover 20), which is necessary for installing and adjusting the drive shaft.

[0044] The cover is a supporting part of the on-board gearbox of an all-terrain vehicle (type "Burlak"), designed to transmit rotation to the wheel of the all-terrain vehicle.

[0045] For intended use, bearing 18 of input shaft 14 is seated in the first hole 1 of the cover.

[0046] The cover covers the gear transmission, which includes pinion 16 and gear wheel 17.

[0047] A bearing 18 with an outer diameter of 90 mm of the input shaft 14 is installed in the first hole 1, located in the upper part of the cover. The second bearing 18 of the input shaft 14 is installed in the housing 19.

[0048] The axis of the gear 16 of the input shaft 14 is installed on bearings 18. The center distance of 145 mm between the first 1 and second 2 holes ensures the installation of a gear transmission (gear 16 and gear wheel 17) with a gear ratio of 3.8, a maximum permissible torque of 3000 Nm.

[0049] The cover is attached to the body 19, securing it with bolts 23, placed in the mounting holes 8 of the flange 3. The mounting holes 8 allow for the placement of 18 bolts and ensure a strong fixation and a tight connection of the cover with the body 19.

[0050] The recesses 11 and stiffening ribs 7 ensure load distribution over the area, when transmitting mechanical forces from the body, as well as heat dissipation.

[0051] Bearing 18 of input shaft 14 is closed from the outside with a small cover 20 which rests against bearing 18; cover 20 is secured with eight bolts by screwing them into recesses 22. Recesses 22 ensure tight fixation of small cover 20 and bearing 18.

[0052] The output shaft 15 passes through the hole 2, using seals 21 and sealing cuffs.

[0053] After assembly, the final drive is filled with grease through holes 10, into which plugs are installed.

[0054] A wheel hub is attached to the free end of output shaft 15, transmitting torque from input shaft 14 via a gear transmission. The wheel hub also transmits multidirectional loads to the cover from the all-terrain vehicle's wheel.

[0055] The cover provides the ability to mount the input shaft support bearing.

[0056] Stiffening ribs 7, boss 13, and material blocks 12, smoothly connected to the walls and flange 3, are located along the perimeter. The wall thickness of the first part 4 at the base is 27 mm, the flange thickness is 7 mm, the stiffening rib thickness is 5 mm, and the wall thickness of the second part is 5 mm. These provide sufficient mechanical strength for the cover, enabling it to withstand bending, tensile, compressive, and impact loads. The transitions and joints of the elements are smooth and rounded, reducing localized mechanical stress concentration and the risk of cracking. The ratio of the dimensions and shape of the cover elements allows for the cover to be mounted on the final drive housing of the all-terrain vehicle.

[0057] The proposed final drive cover expands the range of final drive covers suitable for wheeled all-terrain vehicles. It allows for the installation of a gear transmission with a 3.8-speed reduction and a torque of up to 3,000 Nm for the vehicle's wheel drive. This allows the vehicle to reach a maximum speed of 80 km / h, even with a vehicle weighing 4 tons. Testing has demonstrated the reliability of the final drive cover and its ability to withstand multidirectional loads thanks to its design.

[0058] Manufactured using commercially available components and materials, its components can be manufactured and assembled both in a home-based manner and at modern industrial facilities. It is primarily intended for use in off-road vehicles, heavy-duty amphibious all-terrain vehicles, arctic all-terrain vehicles, and snow and swamp vehicles.

[0059] - first hole (intended for seating the bearing and installing the small cover of the input shaft); - second hole (intended for the output shaft to exit and install the seals); - flange; - first part; - second part; - wall; - stiffeners; - fastening holes; - lug; - threaded hole; - recesses; - material array; - lug (boss); - input shaft; - output shaft; - gear; - toothed wheel; - bearing; - housing; - small cover; - seal; - threaded recesses; - bolt.

[0060] Source 1: BTR-80 wheel gearbox https: / / triptonkosti.ru / 25-foto / kolesnyj-reduktor-btr-80-shema.html.

[0061] patent RU 179573.

Claims

A cover for the final drive of an all-terrain vehicle, consisting of metal and made in the form of a shaped cup, containing a flange, a seat for the input shaft bearing, an opening for the output shaft, characterized in that the cover is formed from two smoothly mating parts, the first part in the form of a body of revolution of a smaller radius of 78 mm, the second part in the form of a body of revolution of a larger radius of 128 mm, forming the walls of the cover, spaced at a distance of 145 mm, in which two openings are made, intended for the exit of the output shaft and the installation of seals and for the bearing of the input shaft; the first part on the outer surface contains longitudinal recesses in the amount of 5 pcs., evenly spaced along the perimeter of the wall, between which an array of wall material is located; the recesses extend to a flat flange in which fastening holes are made coaxially with the recesses; the flange contains 18 fastening holes; the first part contains a 30 mm long boss in which a seat is made for the input shaft bearing in the form of a through hole with a diameter of 90 mm to provide access to the input shaft and installation of a small cover, along the perimeter of the hole on the end of the boss there are threaded recesses for fastening the small cover of the input shaft; the second part contains 9 stiffening ribs on the outer surface., evenly spaced around the perimeter and adjacent to a flat flange; flange mounting holes are made between the stiffening ribs; the wall of the second part contains three lugs, spaced apart on the wall surface, two lugs are made symmetrically from the longitudinal axis, on the side surface of the wall, one lug is made in the lower part of the wall, each lug contains a threaded hole for installing a plug; the second part contains a stepped hole for the output shaft to exit and install seals. The cover of the final drive of the all-terrain vehicle according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is made of cast aluminum alloy, and taking into account the inevitable permissible deviations, the thickness of the wall of the first part at the base is 27 mm, the wall is made with a slope towards the tide at an angle of 12 degrees; the radius of the recesses is 10 mm; the thickness of the flange is 7 mm, the thickness of the stiffening ribs is 5 mm, the thickness of the wall of the second part is 5 mm.

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