Production method for self-repairing, polymer matrix, fibre reinforced composite pressure vessel / tank and wind turbine blades

Abstract

The invention is related to the production method of liquid / gas storage pressure vessels / tanks and wind turbine blades, including cryogenic, made of high-strength, polymer matrix, fiber-reinforced composite material with self-healing (repair) feature. The high-strength composite wall / shell, which is the main pressure / load-carrying element of the container / tank and wind turbine blades in our invention, repairs itself in case of any mechanical damage.

Description

[0001] PRODUCTION METHOD FOR SELF-REPAIRING, POLYMER MATRIX, FIBRE REINFORCED COMPOSITE PRESSURE VESSEL / TANK AND WIND TURBINE BLADES

[0002] TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The invention relates to a method of manufacturing liquid / gas storage pressure vessels / tanks, including cryogenic ones, and wind turbine blades, made of high- strength polymer matrix fibre-reinforced composite material with self-healing (repairing) properties. The high-strength composite wall / shell, which is the main pressure / load-bearing element of the container / tank and wind turbine blades in our invention, repairs itself in case of any mechanical damage.

[0004] PRIOR ART

[0005] The storage and transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG), liquefied propane, nitrogen and hydrogen and similar gases and liquids is often quite challenging due to harsh environmental and temperature conditions. For example, epoxy and similar matrix materials in high-strength fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites must be able to withstand cryogenic temperatures and cryogenic shocks due to the pressure changes that occur during the transition of natural gas or propane from natural to liquid state. Today, the use of hydrogen energy has become widespread in land I air I sea transport vehicles. Accordingly, hydrogen storage tanks have become more important in land I air I sea transport vehicles.

[0006] The tank market is segmented into Type-1, Type-11, Type-Ill, Type-IV and Type- V. Type-1 Tanks are steel metal tanks with a maximum burst pressure of 200 bar. Type- 11 tanks are metal tanks made of aluminium with filament windings such as glass / fibre. The approximate maximum pressure is 260 bar for glass fibre. Type-Ill, metal lined (aluminium or steel) tanks made of composite material, fibreglass / aramid or carbon fibre. The approximate maximum pressure is 300 bar for aluminium and glass fibre layered construction. Type-IV tanks consist of composite tanks such as carbon fibre with polymer lining. These types have a maximum pressure of approximately 700 bar. Type-V is fully composite, is without lining vessel (unlined tank). The approximate maximum pressure is 1000 bar. Except for Type-1, these tanks usually consist of two or more layers. These layers may consist of a single or a combination of aluminium or steel or high density polymer lining and carbon fibre reinforced polymer based composite wall layer material from inside to outside. In addition, there is a dome protective layer material on the upper and lower bases (those with cylindrical bodies, etc.). Tanks made of high strength fibre composite materials such as carbon fibre are lighter, provide better fuel economy and greater carrying capacity. High storage pressure of 300 bar and above allows tanks to store more energy in the same volume. The composite wall, consisting of high-strength fibre fabrics such as carbon fibre and matrix material such as polymer and similar, helps to minimise external shock based on the structural force applied to the tank. However, existing tanks do not have a self-healing or repairing feature. Therefore, it releases the high pressure fluid it carries into the atmosphere in case of cracking or rupture in case of external impact or shock from inside or outside or cryogenic shocks at cryogenic temperatures. Explosion hazard and safety risk is high. It requires mechanical repair. Therefore, more practical and innovative solutions such as self-repair are needed.

[0007] Wind turbine blades are also exposed to damages such as bird strikes, hail damage and lightning strikes and cracks are formed on the turbine blades. These cracks turn into fractures during use. Then the turbine blades become unusable. Fuselage heights above 150 metres and rotor with wing diameters of up to 250 metres. In case of damage, their repair is costly and very difficult. It requires mechanical repair. Consequently, there is a need for innovative solutions such as more practical selfrepair.

[0008] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The invention relates to a self-healing / repairing production method for high- pressure fluid-carrying vessels / tanks, including cryogenic, and composite wind turbine blades in the event of damage. High pressure tanks fulfil multiple functions such as sealing and withstanding high pressure. The cryogenic liquid / gas storage tank made of high-strength fibre-reinforced composite material within the scope of the invention contains self-healing channels in various geometries for self-healing (repair) in case of any mechanical damage. These channels contain a repairing agent (resin) that can be found in liquid form at cryogenic temperatures and / or between -80°C and 148°C. Successive channels contain resin containing self-healing agent and hardening agent / activator material. In another implementation of the technique, the hardening agent / activator material is mixed as particles into the matrix material forming the composite and distributed into the matrix. In this application of the technique, all channels contain a repairing agent (resin) that can exist in liquid form between -80°C and 148°C. Thus, cryogenic and semi-cryogenic chemical resins in the micro-channels contained in the high-strength composite structure enable the tank to be repaired spontaneously. With the invention, a self-healing smart material system is formed. In this respect, the invention relates to composite tank sectors such as LNG, liquefied propane, nitrogen and hydrogen and similar gases and liquids in the transport and storage of LNG, liquefied propane, nitrogen and hydrogen and similar gases and liquids by land and aircraft tankers, including tanker ships, and hydrogen fuel storage belonging to any class of vehicles (sectors such as space-air, rocket, ship, automotive, rail systems). For this reason, it is related to the production and manufacturer of all kinds of tanks containing self-repairing properties, including but not limited to the above-mentioned industries. It is also suitable for seabed and subsea, commercial and military subsea and surface vehicles exposed to external pressure.

[0010] In the invention, the high-strength wall material used in high-pressure fluid tanks is provided with self-channelled (integrated) channels of different geometries and dimensions for self-healing (repair). Similar application can be made to composite wind turbine blades. The integrated channels contain a repairing fluid resin. In case of damage to the composite layered pressure vessel or wind turbine blade, it is provided to repair itself. This feature reduces safety risks in the transport and storage of flammable and explosive gases / liquids such as hydrogen, propane, LNG, etc. and can eliminate the need for mechanical repair.

[0011] DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0012] Figure 1. Cross-sectional view of polyamide and derivative yarns / strands wrapped around the container / tank and turbine blade on the fibre fabric and / or fibre-filament on the liner (1 ) and / or mandrel (13) to form a channel in the composite wall (2)

[0013] Figure 2. View of the composite wall (2) comprising polyamide and derivative yarns / strands wound on the fibre fabric and / or fibre-filament on the liner (1 ) and / or mandrel (13) to form the channels (6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) in the composite wall (2), around the container / tank and turbine blade, and on the lower base and upper dome

[0014] Figure 3. View of polyamide and derivative threads (yams) / strips placed along the tank axis

[0015] Figure 4. View of polyamide and derivative threads (yams) / strips placed along the tank axis and around the vessel / tank and turbine blade, including the dome and base

[0016] Figure 5. Composite tank wall view with horizontal cross section

[0017] Figure 6. Isometric sectioned composite tank wall view

[0018] Figure 7. Detail view of composite tank wall with partial section in transverse axis -1

[0019] Figure 8. Detail view of composite tank wall sectioned in horizontal longitudinal axis - 2

[0020] Figure 9. View of composite tank wall fully sectioned in transverse axis

[0021] Figure 10. View of the winding of the second and subsequent continuous fibre layers on the liner and mandrel

[0022] Figure 11. View of polyamide and derivative threads (yams) / strands wrapped around the tank and around the lower base and upper dome with a helical angle around the tank on the fibre fabric and / or fibre-filament on the liner (1 ) and / or mandrel (13) to form the channels (6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) within the composite wall

[0023] Figure 12. View showing the circumferential winding of polyamide and derivative threads (yams) / strips with helix angle placed on the fibre fabric and / or fibre-filament along the tank axis and around the circumference including the dome and base to form the channels (6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) within the composite wall

[0024] Figure 13. View of the use of continuous fibre winding technique

[0025] Figure 14. View of the use of vessel / tank / turbine blade wall in the application of filament fibre winding technique

[0026] Figure 15. View of the circumferential winding of threads (yarns) / strips on the parts forming the pressure and suction side of the outer shell composite wall Figure 16. View of the longitudinal winding of threads (yarns) / strips on the parts forming the pressure and suction sides of the outer shell composite wall

[0027] Figure 17. View of the winding of yarns / strands with helix angle in the periphery to the parts forming the pressure and suction side of the outer shell composite wall

[0028] Figure 18. View showing the arrangement of polyamide threads (3, 4 and 5) side- by-side and / or diagonally around the perimeter of the outer shell, with a helix angle and / or side-by-side around the perimeter

[0029] Figure 19. View of the side-by-side arrangement of polyamide threads on the surface along the long-axis length of the turbine blade on the outer shell

[0030] Figure 20. View of the arrangement of polyamide threads (3, 4 and 5) on the outer shell (17) along and around the long axis of the turbine blade

[0031] Figure 21. Cross-sectional view showing the channel spaces formed in the wall when the polyamide threads (yarns) / strips are pulled out of the composite structure

[0032] Figure 22. Detailed cross-sectional view showing the channel spaces formed in the wall and nanoparticles in the matrix structure when the polyamide threads / strips are pulled out of the composite structure

[0033] The equivalents of the part numbers specified in the figures

[0034] 1 . Structure containing at least one material consisting of aluminium, steel, high- density polymer lining

[0035] 2. Composite wall

[0036] 3. Threads (yarns) / strips used to form resin channels of small geometry

[0037] 4. Threads (yarns) / strips used to form small geometry hardener channels

[0038] 5. Threads (yarns) / strips used to form large geometry channels

[0039] 6. Large geometry fluid channels

[0040] 7. Hardener containing channels

[0041] 8. Channels containing self-healing resin (agent)

[0042] 9. Channels in the matrix containing a self-healing resin (agent) in the case of use of a particle activator 10. Channels with large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to coat the inner channel walls with a thin film layer

[0043] 11 . Micro-nano activators in composite wall matrix material

[0044] 12. Fabric made from at least one of fibres or fibres previously impregnated (Pre- Preg) with resin

[0045] 13. Structure containing at least one material from mandrel and liner

[0046] 14. Fibre filament

[0047] 15. Deflection roller (reel)

[0048] 16. Thread (yarns) / strip holder apparatus / fixture

[0049] 17. Outer shell forming the turbine blade

[0050] 18. Pressure part of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade

[0051] 19. Suction part of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade

[0052] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0053] Composite Pressure Vessel / Tank Production

[0054] The invention is produced by winding at least one of the fabric (12) and fibre filament (14) obtained from at least one of the high-strength pre-resin impregnated fibre or fibre and fibre filament of the cylinder and sphere shaped pressurised fluid tanks including cryogenic and wind turbine blades. Polyamide threads (yarns) / strips, which are subsequently pulled out, are applied between the interlayers formed in the matrix structure during the resin-applied production. The application is based on the placement of threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to form a small geometry resin channel, threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to form a small geometry hardener channel and threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to form a large geometry channel. Thus, large-geometry fluid circulation channels (6), hardener-containing channels (7), self-healing resin (agentcontaining channels (8), self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (9) when particle activators are used in the matrix, and large-geometry self-healing resin (agentcontaining channels (10) used to coat the inner channel walls with a thin film layer are formed in the composite structure.

[0055] The threads (yarns) / strips (3) for forming the small geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) for forming the small geometry channel containing hardener and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) for forming the large geometry channel are applied along the length of the cylinder axis and at least one of the cylinder periphery using a monofilament derivative (at least one of polyamide / nylon-612; polyamide / nylon-11 ; polyamide / nylon-6) to form it. In cylinder and sphere-shaped embodiments, the winding of the fabric (12) obtained from at least one of the fibres or fibres preimpregnated with resin during application on curved surfaces is stopped at a stage close to a complete winding on the surface. After stopping, the polyamide threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to form small geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips

[0056] (4) used to form the small geometry hardener channel and the threads (yarns) / strips

[0057] (5) used to form the large geometry channel are joined outside the cylinder in such a way that their start and end are gathered at one point. At this stage, after the curing of the composite wall (2), the threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to form the resin channel with small geometry, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to form the hardener channel with small geometry and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to form the channel with large geometry are left long, taking into account the pulling out / removal allowances. After stopping, the threads (yarns) / strips (3) for forming the small geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) for forming the small geometry hardener channel and the threads (yarns)Zstrips (5) for forming the large geometry channel are passed from the bottom surface to the top surface using fibre spacing. The same process is repeated for the next winding on the cylinder without cutting the resin-impregnated fibres or the fabric (12) obtained from at least one of the fibres. Polyamide and its derivative threads (yarns) / strips are placed on the next fiber from the innermost winding, on the middle layers, and between the layers of at least one of the fabric (12) and fiber filament (14) obtained from at least one of the fibers or fibers pre-impregnated with resin from the outermost layer. In practice, the threads (yarns) / strips (3) for forming the small-geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) for forming the small-geometry hardening channel and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) for forming the large-geometry channel are positioned in the above manner. That is, the resin- impregnated fibres or the fabric (12) obtained from at least one of the fibres and the fibre filament (14) are taken onto the upper surface of the fibres in a radial direction so as to protrude through at least one of them to the outer surface. In practice, the threads (yarns)Zstrips (3) for forming a small geometry resin channel, the yarnsZstrands (4) for forming a small geometry hardener channel and the yarnsZstrands (5) for forming a large geometry channel are guided during winding using at least one deflection reel (15). The fibre winding is performed with the desired number of layers and tightness (pre-tensioned). In the technique, at least one of the fabric (12) and the fibre filament (14) obtained from at least one of the fibres or fibres previously impregnated with resin is applied using the winding technique. In this context, at least one fibre filament (14) is wound on the tank composite wall (2) at the desired angle, intensity and tightness (pre-tensioned) on at least one of the structure (13) containing at least one material consisting of mandrel and liner and at least one material consisting of aluminium, steel, high density polymer liner (1 ). At least one of wet / pre-resin impregnated fibre filament (14) winding and fabric (12) winding from at least one of pre-resin impregnated fibre or fibre is used.

[0058] Polyamid thread (yarns) / strips used to create small geometry resin channels on curved surfaces of micro-vascular and vascular channels (3), threads (yarns)Zstrips used to create small geometry hardening agent channels (4), and threads (yarns)Zstrips used to create large geometry resin channels (5), the structure (13) containing at least one material consisting of mandrel and liner circumferentially with helix angle simultaneously and in a single shape, and at least on the structure of one material consisting of aluminium, steel, high density polymer liner (1 ) the preimpregnated fiber fabric (12) and the fiber filament (14) are wound on at least one of them at the desired angle. Winding can be side-to-side, in the form of at least one of the desired spacing, threads (yarns)Zstrips (5) for forming a large geometry channel, threads (yarns)Zstrips (4) for forming a small geometry hardener-channel, threads (yarns)Zstrips (3) for forming a small geometry resin channel; threads (yarns)Zstrips (4) for forming a hardening channel with small geometry, threads (yarns)Zstrips (5) for forming a channel with large geometry, threads (yarns)Zstrips (3) for forming a resin channel with small geometry, in combinations such as threads (yarns)Zstrips (4) for forming a hardening channel with small geometry , diagonal to the structure, different helix angles. At the beginning of winding, it is necessary to hold the threads (yarns)Zstrips (3) used to form a small geometry resin channel in the upper dome and base, the threads (yarns)Zstrips (4) used to form a small geometry hardening channel and the threads (yarns)Zstrips (5) used to form a large geometry channel on the upper and lower tank domes during production. Temporary apparatusZfixtures (16) are used for this purpose. These devicesZfixtures (16) are located on at least one of the composite wall (2) and the production machine.

[0059] A) At least one of the structure (13) containing at least one material consisting of mandrel and liner (1 ) and at least one material consisting of aluminium, steel, high density polymer liner (1 ) inside and carbon fibre reinforced polymer based composite wall (2) outside and at least one of the structures forming the pressure vesselZtank and composite wind turbine blades is cured. After curing, the threads (yarns) / strips (3) for forming a small geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) for forming a small geometry hardener channel and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) for forming a large geometry channel are pulled out from the base laid / added / laid in the structure. In this way, micro-vascular large geometry fluid circulation channels (6) containing hardener (7), self-healing resin (agent) containing channels (8), self-healing resin (agent) containing channels (9) when using particle activator in the matrix, and large geometry self-healing resin (agent) containing channels (10) used to cover the inner channel walls with a thin film layer are formed in the composite wall (2).

[0060] The amount of the repair agent resin chemical injected into the canals for repair purposes varies according to the diameter and length of the canal. An additional method can be used in the application of the technique to large-sized tanks / products / wind turbine blades. In this additional embodiment, at least one of lubricating fluids and lubricating microparticles is applied to the surfaces of the long small geometry resin channel forming threads (yarns)Zstrips (3), small geometry hardener channel forming threads (yarns)Zstrips (4) and large geometry channel forming threads (yarns)Zstrips (5).

[0061] B) For the self-repairZrepair process, consecutive channels may contain resin and hardener, respectively, or contain hardener-containing channels (7), which contain resin and hardener chemical agents separately, and self-healing resin (agent)- containing channels (8), which contain self-healing agent. At least one of self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (9) in the use of particle activator in the matrix and large geometry self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (10) for coating the inner channel walls with a thin film layer are formed. Here, the self-healing resin (agent)- containing channels (8), the self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (9) in the use of particle activator in the matrix, and the large-geometry self-healing resin (agent)- containing channels (10) for coating the inner channel walls with a thin film layer are positioned in at least one of the random and side-by-side shape with the hardenercontaining channels (7). At least one of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins can be used in the known matrix materials (thermoplastic and thermosetting resins) for both types of positioning. When the composite is impacted, microchannels are also broken, which are hardener-containing channels (7), self-healing resin-containing channels (8), self-healing resin-containing channels (9) in the use of particle activator in the matrix, self-healing resin-containing channels (10) with large geometry used to coat the inner channel walls with a thin film layer, wherein the repair agent in said hardenercontaining channels (7), self-healing resin (agent) containing channels (8), self-healing resin (agent) containing channels (9) when particle activator is used in the matrix, and self-healing resin (agent) containing channels (10) of large geometry used to coat the inner channel walls with a thin film layer, reacts with the hardener to repair the structure.

[0062] C) In another application of the technique, catalyst particles are added into the matrix material, mixed and applied in production. In this application technique, the liquid repairing (resin) agent in the broken channels reacts with the catalyst particles in the composite matrix structure and repairs the structure. In this application, channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the internal channel walls with a thin film layer are created with larger cross-sections. An AntiNanocatalyst is injected into the walls of microvascular channels and the internal channel walls are covered with a thin film layer. Before the anti-nano catalyst completely reacts and hardens, excess resin is filtered out by gravity and / or excess resin is removed through micro-channel holes with compressed air. Thus, the inside of the channels is reopened. This application coats the interior walls with a catalyst-free film resin layer. Thus, possible reaction / curing with the nano-catalyst on the inner walls of the channel is prevented. In this case, the canals are ready to receive the restorative agent (resin) and after the restorative resin is injected into the canals, the canal ends are closed. Catalyst, matrix material or hardening resin can be applied for channel end capping. For the continuous repair process, connection apparatus that allows continuous resin delivery can be added to the ends of the channels inside the composite wall (2).

[0063] D) In case of using an activator agent material in the matrix structure, channels (9) containing self-healing resin (agent) in the use of particle activator in the matrix, which are micro channels, and containing large geometry (10) self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the internal channel walls with a thin film layer are used only by injecting self-healing resin agents into the channels.

[0064] E) It is also possible to use micro-nano activators (11 ) in the composite wall matrix material within the matrix structure, channels (7) containing hardeners and channels (8) containing self-healing resin (agent). By using these techniques together, the repair of microcracks and / or damages occurs faster than normal. There are two applications in the self-healing system created within the matrix structure, depending on the type of resin applied into the channels. These; i)-Self-repair in cryogenic state, ii)-Self-repairing at sub-cryogenic and normal room temperatures.

[0065] Their applications vary depending on the type of resin used in the channels. i)-For the self-repair technique in cryogenic condition, two-component

[0066] (component) adhesive resins suitable for cryogenic applications (such as EP29LPSP) are used in micro channels, which remain in liquid form at cryogenic temperatures. In this application, one of each component is injected into successive channels respectively. In case of damage, repair begins at cryogenic temperatures and the damage is repaired. In case of crack damage in the pressure vessel / tank application (during spontaneous repair), gas / liquid escape is minimal. The adhesive / healing resin is high density. Therefore, in pressure vessel / tank application, gas / liquid flow stops after repair. ii)-For the self-repair technique at sub-cryogenic and normal room temperatures, resins (such as 5E2N) that remain liquid at sub-cryogenic and room temperatures are used in micro channels. In this application, the composite wall (2) contains channels (9) containing self-healing resin (agent) in the use of particle activators within the matrix structure; and the repairing liquid agent is injected into at least one of the channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the internal channel walls with a thin film layer. In case of damage at cryogenic temperatures, the fluid gas / liquid in the tank is discharged. Gas / liquid escape is maximum in pressure vessel / tank application. Repair begins and damage is repaired between -80°C below zero and room temperature. When gas / liquid is reintroduced into the tank after self-repair, the pressure vessel / tank or wind turbine blades resume their function. In this application, the repair temperature range is between -80°C and 148°C, where the repairing resin can remain in liquid form. This application can be used when micro-nano activators (11 ) are added in the composite wall matrix material.

[0067] F) The technique is also suitable for structured (1 ) and unlined composite walls (2), which contain at least one material consisting of aluminum, steel, high-density polymer lining, turbine outer shell pressure side (18) and turbine outer shell suction side (19). Channels containing hardeners used for self-repair (7), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) from channels containing self-healing agents (8), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) when using particle activators in the matrix (9); The geometric equivalent diameters of the channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the inner channel walls with a thin film layer are at least 20 micro-meters (pm) and larger (5 mm and above). The diameters of these channels are determined by the cross-sections of the threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create a small geometry resin channel with geometric cross-section, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to create a small geometry hardening channel, and the cross-sections of the threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create a large geometry channel.

[0068] Large geometry fluid circulation channels (6) and large geometry self-healing resin (agent) containing channels (10) which the internal channel walls are covered with a thin film layer, respectively, allow large geometry (radioactive liquids, gases and / or thermal purposes) fluid flow and for resin purposes. Their cross-sectional dimensions are determined by the threads (yarns)Zstrips (5) used to create large geometry channels.

[0069] G) Large geometry fluid circulation channels (6) formed within the composite wall (2), channels containing hardeners (7), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) among the channels containing self-healing agents (8), self-healing channels using particle activators in the matrix, channels (9) containing resin (agent) and channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the internal channel walls with a thin film layer, monofilament material threads (yarns) / strips used to create small geometry resin channels (3) are formed by placing the threads (yarns)Zstrips (4) used to create a small geometry hardener-channel and the threads (yarns)Zstrips (5) used to create a large geometry channel) between the textile fiber fabric layers and removing them from the structure after the composite has cured. Large geometry fluid circulation channels (6), channels containing hardeners (7), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) from channels containing self- healing agents (8), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) in the use of particle activators in the matrix (9) and channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) which covers the internal channel walls with a thin film layer, along the length of the tank, parallel to the structure, side-by-side, diagonal to the structure, helical in the perimeter, side-by-side and side-by-side in the periphery. It is formed in accordance with at least one of the side flow directions. In the application of winding with a helix angle on the circumference, the helical winding is limited to at least one complete winding on the circumference to facilitate pull-out. This process is carried out repeatedly along the entire surface length. Thus, a large number of repeated helical angle polyamide threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create small geometry resin channels, threads (yarns)Zstrips (4) used to create small geometry channels containing hardener, and threads (yarns)Zstrips (5) used to create large geometry channels are wrapped on the surface for composite wall (2) production. Temporary threadZstrip holder apparatusZfixtures (16) can be used to hold the windings on the fiber fabric.

[0070] H) In both applications given above, when the composite is hit, channels containing hardener (7), channels containing self-healing agent (8), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) when particle activator is used in the matrix (channels containing self-healing resin (agent) (9) and channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the internal channel walls with a thin film layer are also broken. In this case, channels (7) containing hardeners, channels (8) containing self-healing resin (agent), channels (9) containing self-healing resin (agent) when using particle activators in the matrix, and large geometry channels (10) used to cover the inner channel walls with a thin film layer containing the self-healing resin (agent) repairs the structure by reacting with the catalyst in the composite matrix (resin). In the case of using a hardening agent and repairing agent resin in consecutive channels, the agents that appear after at least one of the breaks and the repairing agent in the channels react and repair the structure. In both application methods, micro cracks that occur as a result of any impact on the composite structure are repaired. Therefore, they serve to ensure the safety of the fluid tankZpressure vessel and turbine blade.

[0071] J) Resin and hardener are placed in successive channels for the repair process, respectively. Channels (7) containing hardener, which contain resin and hardening chemicals separately, channels (8) containing self-healing resin (agent), channels (9) containing self-healing resin (agent) in the use of particle activators in the matrix, inner channel walls with a thin film layer Channels (10) containing large geometry self- healing resin (agent) used for coating are created within the structure.

[0072] K) The matrix structure Containing resin created for self-healing; channels containing self-healing resin (agent) (8), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) when particle activator is used in the matrix (9), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) with large geometry used to cover the internal channel walls with a thin film layer (10) and the channel (7) containing the hardener are not mixed with each other in the intact state of the structure when there are chemical materials (resin, catalysts (such as 5E2N) and derivatives).

[0073] L) Large geometry fluid circulation channels (6) formed within the tank wall and turbine blades, which are composite walls (2), channels containing hardeners (7), channels containing self-healing resin (agent), channels containing self-healing agents (8), matrix Channels (9) containing self-healing resin (agent) in the use of particle activators and channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the internal channel walls with a thin film layer are formed as follows. During composite production, monofilament and Polyamide / nylon-612 are placed between the fabric (12) and / or fiber filament (14) layers obtained from at least one of the fibers or fibers pre-impregnated with resin; Polyamide / nylon-11 ; Polyamide / nylon-6 monofilament derived threads (yarns)Zstrips are laid. These; the threads (yarns) / strips used to create a small geometry resin channel (3), the threads (yarns) / strips used to create a small geometry hardening channel (4) and the thread (yarns) / strips used to create a large geometry channel (5); and at least have one of cylindrical, ellipse, square, rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, heptagonal, octagonal, star, diamond and trapezoidal geometry. Monofilament and Polyamide / nylon-612; Polyamide / nylon-11 ; threads (yarns)Zstrips (3) used to create small geometry resin channels made of polyamide / nylon-6 monofilament derived material, threads (yarns)Zstrips (4) used to create small geometry hardener channels, and threads (yarns)Zstrips (5) used to create large geometry channels (5) are obtained by using at least one.

[0074] M) The tank wall, which is the composite wall (2), and the outer shell (17), which forms the turbine blade, the pressure part (18) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade, and the suction part (19) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade, are made of fiber reinforcement materials (carbon, At least one of glass, aram id-containing synthetic materials and jute, hemp, linen and sisal-containing natural fibers) and matrix materials (at least one of thermoplastic / thermosetting resins and metallic matrices) are used. The selection of the material is made according to the application area, desired strength, density and cost.

[0075] After several fiber layers are wrapped, the composite wall (2) component is cured if desired and removed from the mandrel (13). In some applications, if desired, the structure (13) containing at least one material from the mandrel and the liner consists of the composite wall (2) and the outer shell (17) forming the turbine blade; It can also be a part of the pressure part (18) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade and the suction part (19) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade.

[0076] Similar channels; When desired, it is also created for thermal management (cooling / heating) of the pressure vessel / tank or for radioactive liquids, gases and fluid flow for military purposes, and the fluid is circulated in large geometry fluid circulation channels (6). A fluid distributor / collector can be connected to the composite wall (2) channel entry / exit points for continuous repair agent feeding and / or special purpose and circulation of gases or fluid. Thus, it also has the feature of being integrated into the heat pump and radiator, heat exchanger and fluid pumps. If necessary, load / force- measuring conductor / semi-conductor wires can also be placed in the channels. In addition, it is possible to use both self-healing and special purpose gases and fluid within the channels and to circulate at least one of it.

[0077] Wind Turbine Blade Production

[0078] Our invention can also be applied to the outer shell (17) structure that forms the wind turbine blade, the pressure part (18) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade, and the composite structure that forms the suction part (19) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade. Just like in the production of pressure vessels / tanks, the wind turbine blade is produced by wrapping it with at least one of the high-strength pre-resin-impregnated fiber or fabric (12) and fiber filament (14) obtained from at least one of the fibers and by applying wet resin, which is formed within the matrix structure. Polyamide threads (yarns)Zstrips are used between the intermediate layers, which can be pulled out later. It is based on the placement of threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create a small geometry resin channel, thread (yarns)Zstrips (4) used to create a small geometry hardening channel, and thread (yarns)Zstrips (5) used to create a large geometry channel. Thus, in the composite structure, there are large geometry fluid circulation channels (6), channels containing hardeners (7), channels containing self-healing resin (agent), channels containing self- healing resin (agent) in the use of particle activator in the matrix, channels containing self-healing resin (agent) in the matrix channels (9) and channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the inner channel walls with a thin film layer are created. For this purpose, monofilament derivative (at least one of Polyamide / nylon-612; Polyamide / nylon-11 ; Polyamide / nylon-6) threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create a small geometry resin channel, small geometry hardener channel threads (yarns) / strips (4), and threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create large geometry channels are used.

[0079] The technique is applied in wind turbine blade production in two ways. In one embodiment, the outer shell (17) forming the wind turbine blade is applied separately to the parts forming the pressure part (18) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade and the suction part (19) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade. During the winding of at least one of the fabric (12) and fiber filament (14) obtained from at least one of the pre-resin impregnated fibers or fibers, under the fiber filament (14) layer under the top one; and the bottom pre-resin-impregnated fiber or the fabric (12) obtained from at least one of the fibers is laid on the layer above the layer. It can also be laid on the middle layer. In the laying of multi-layered polyamide threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create small geometry resin channels, threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to create small geometry hardener channels, and threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create large geometry channels are laid using the methods used for composite pressure vessel / tank production. The methods are also applied to turbine blade production.

[0080] There may be threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to form a small geometry resin channel along the turbine blade long-axis length, threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to form a small geometry hardener channel, and threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create a large geometry channel. If necessary, it can also be applied separately around the pressure part (18) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade and the suction part (19) (half section) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade. In this application, polyamide threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create a small geometry resin channel that can be pulled out later from the interlayers formed in the matrix structure, threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to create a small geometry hardening channel and threads (yarns) / strips used to create a large geometry channel strips (5) are arranged side by side.

[0081] In another embodiment, the outer shell (17) that forms the wind turbine blade is formed by combining the pressure part (18) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade and the suction part (19) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade. After the outer shell (17) forming the turbine blade is created, threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create the polyamide small geometry resin channel along the long-axis length of the turbine blade, threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to create the small geometry hardener-channel along the long-axis length of the turbine blade, and threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create large geometry channels are laid. If necessary, it can also be applied around the outer shell (17) that forms the turbine blade. In the application made around the outer shell (17) that forms the turbine blade, polyamide threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create small geometry resin channels, threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to create small geometry hardener channels and threads (yarns) / strips used to create large geometry channels (5) are formed side by side, diagonally to the structure, helix angle around the perimeter, at least one full winding around the periphery, in accordance with at least one of the side-by-side and side-by- side flow directions. At least one of the resin-pre-impregnated fiber or fabric (12) and fiber filament (14) obtained from at least one of the fibers are wound on this layer. In practice, the helical winding is limited to one or a few complete turns around the perimeter to facilitate pull-out. This process is carried out repeatedly along the entire wing length. Thus, a large number of repeated helical angle polyamide threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to form small geometry resin channels, threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to form small geometry hardener channels, and threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to form large geometry channels are wrapped on the surface of the turbine outer shell. In the next stage of production, the outer shell (17) that forms the turbine blade, the pressure part (18) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade and the suction part (19) of the outer shell composite structure of the turbine blade are cured and removed from the mandrel (13).

[0082] The items listed above from A to M (including A and including M) are also valid for wind turbine blade production.

Claims

CLAIMS1. It is the production method of pressure vessels / tanks and wind turbine blades made of high-strength, polymer matrix, fiber-reinforced composite material with self-healing (repair) feature, characterized in that;- Wrapping cryogenic, cylindrical and sphere-shaped pressurized fluid tanks and wind turbine blades with at least one of pre-resin impregnated fibers or fabric (12) and fiber filament (14) obtained from at least one of the fibers,- Threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create a small geometry resin channel using a monofilament derivative (at least one of Polyamide / nylon-612; Polyamide / nylon-11 ; Polyamide / nylon-6), threads (yarns) / strips used to create a small geometry hardener channel placing the strips (4) and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create large geometry channels are placed at least one along the length of the cylinder axis and around the cylinder perimeter,- During application on curved surfaces, the winding of the pre-resin impregnated fiber or the fabric (12) obtained from at least one of the fibers is stopped at a stage close to a full winding on the surface,- After stopping, the polyamide threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create a small geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to create a small geometry hardener channel, and the beginnings and ends of the threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create a large geometry channel are collected at one point, joining outside the cylinder,- After the curing of the composite wall (2), the threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to form the resin channel with small geometry, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to form the hardener channel with small geometry and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to form the channel with large geometry are left long, taking into account the pulling out / removal allowances,- Passing the threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create a small geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to create a small geometry hardening channel, and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create a large geometry channel from the lower surface to the upper surface using fiber gaps,- Taking at least one of the fabric (12) and fiber filament (14) obtained from at least one of the pre-resin impregnated fibers or fibers onto the fiber upper surface in a radial direction so that it emerges from the inside to the outer surface,- At least one deflection reel (15) is used for routing during the winding of the threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to create a small geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to create a small geometry hardening channel, and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to create a large geometry channel,- at least one structure (13) comprising at least one material consisting of at least one fibre filament (14), mandrel and liner and at least one material consisting of aluminium, steel, high-density polymer liner (1 ) is wound (pre-tensioned) on the tank-turbine blade composite wall (2) at the desired angle, frequency and tightness,- winding of the thread (yarns) / strips (3) for forming a small geometry resin channel, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) for forming a small geometry hardener channel and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) for forming a large geometry channel by limiting them to at least one complete winding around the circumference during winding,- winding of micro-vascular and vascular channels on curved surfaces of polyamide small-geometry resin channel-forming threads (yarns) / strips (3), small-geometry hardening channel-forming threads (yarns) / strips (4) and large-geometry channel-forming threads (yarns) / strips (5) simultaneously and in at least one of a single shape, at least one of a fabric (12) and a fibre filament (14) obtained from at least one of a resin-impregnated fibre or fibres (12) and a fibre filament (14) on at least one of a structure (13) comprising at least one material comprising a mandrel and at least one material comprising a liner and at least one material comprising an aluminium, steel, high-density polymer liner (1 ) circumferentially with a helix angle,- the threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to form a small geometry resin channel in the upper dome and base at the start of winding, the threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to form a small geometry hardening channel and the threads (yarns) / strips (5) used to form a largegeometry channel are held on the upper and lower tank domes during production,- at least one of the structure (13) comprising at least one material comprising mandrel and liner (1 ) and at least one material comprising aluminium, steel, high density polymer liner (1 ) on the inside and carbon fibre reinforced polymer based composite wall (2) on the outside, and at least one of the structures forming the pressure vessel / tank and composite wind turbine blades, and threads (yarns) / strips (3) used to form a small geometry resin channel in the base, micro-vascular large geometry fluid circulation channels (6) are laid / attached / laid / laid in the structure, After curing the composite, threads (yarns) / strips (4) used to form small geometry harderner channels and threads (yarns) / strips (5) are pulled out to form large geometry channels (7) containing hardener, forming self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (8), self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (9) in the use of particle activator in the matrix, self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (10) of large geometry coated inner channel walls with a thin film layer in the composite wall (2) are obtained,- the positioning of the self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (8), the self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (9) in the use of a particle activator in the matrix, and the large-geometry self-healing resin (agent)-containing channels (10) used for coating the inner channel walls with a thin film layer, are placed in at least one of the random and side-by-side shape with the hardener-containing channels (7),- Since the micro-channels inside the composite are broken when it is hit, channels containing hardener (7), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) from channels containing self-healing agent (8), channels containing self-healing resin (agent) when particle activator is used in the matrix are characterized by the stages of repairing the structure by reacting with the repairing agent hardener in (9) and channels (10) containing large geometry self-healing resin (agent) used to cover the inner channel walls with a thin film layer.

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