Biomass pyrolysis process and movable biomass treatment device

Abstract

Disclosed in the present invention is a biomass pyrolysis process. The process involves crushing biomass and then pyrolyzing the crushed biomass in a pyrolysis furnace to generate pyrolysis gas; subjecting the pyrolysis gas to filtration and dedusting and then enabling same to sequentially enter first-stage, second-stage, and third-stage cooling modules for condensation to separate bio-oil, humic acid, ulmic acid, and fulvic acid; and after separation, part of uncondensed pyrolysis gas flows back to the pyrolysis furnace to provide a heat source for biomass pyrolysis. Further disclosed in the present invention is a movable biomass treatment device, comprising a box body, wherein a pyrolysis furnace is arranged in the box body, the pyrolysis furnace is connected to a feeding module, and the feeding module crushes biomass and puts the crushed biomass into a feeding port; the pyrolysis furnace pyrolyzes the biomass into ash and pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis gas is discharged from an exhaust port; and the exhaust port is connected to a cooling device, and the cooling device condenses the pyrolysis gas to generate bio-oil and humic acid. The present invention is more suitable for the pyrolysis of biomass organic matter, shortens the production time of bio-oil and humic acid products, and can be integrated in a box body of a container for easy transportation.

Description

Biomass pyrolysis process and mobile biomass processing equipment TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of biochemical humic acid production, and particularly relates to a biomass pyrolysis process and a mobile biomass processing equipment adopting the process. BACKGROUND

[0002] China has abundant agricultural and forestry biomass resources. Biomass (including straw, wood cellulose, agricultural product processing waste, agricultural and forestry waste, poultry manure, etc.) as a zero-emission green carbon resource has the characteristics of short regeneration cycle and huge reserves. Based on the concept of low-carbon development and green ecology, China has increased investment in the research and development of biomass resources in recent years and has established a number of biomass gasification demonstration projects.

[0003] China is a major agricultural country and a large amount of straw is harvested every year. Biomass mainly composed of straw is mainly composed of plant cell walls, and the basic components are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The main elements are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, and a small amount of sulfur, phosphorus and mineral components. The elements and structural composition determine that straw is an important organic raw material and fuel.

[0004] At present, the main utilization methods of straw include mechanical crushing and returning to the field, straw fuelization, straw pellet feed processing, and straw base materialization. However, except for mechanical crushing and returning to the field and straw feed application, other methods have problems such as low technical maturity, large investment, and complex process. The utilization rate of straw is low in mechanical crushing and returning to the field and straw feed application, and the treatment of a large amount of excess straw is still a problem.

[0005] Therefore, a large amount of straw is stored and burned in the field, which causes serious air pollution and is one of the causes of haze. Although many places have introduced regulations prohibiting burning straw in the field, a large amount of straw accumulation will affect cultivation. Therefore, how to efficiently turn straw into treasure and solve the problem of comprehensive utilization of straw is an urgent task.

[0006] The fuelization application of straw has also been a research topic, including the preparation of biochar, bio-oil, wood vinegar, and biogas from straw after heat treatment. The calcination of straw is a way to prepare biochar. Biochar is prepared by calcining under low-oxygen or oxygen-free conditions for a period of time. The calcination temperature is generally 260-380℃. The hemicellulose and lignin in the straw are decomposed and volatilized to obtain a stable solid carbon-rich product (carbon content greater than 60%). If the calcination temperature is higher than this temperature range, the macromolecular substances in the straw will be rapidly decomposed, the volatile components will be greatly increased, and the yield of biochar will be greatly reduced.

[0007] The products such as bio-crude oil, wood vinegar and biogas are obtained by straw pyrolysis. The existing straw pyrolysis is mostly based on the processing method of coal tar, and the straw is rapidly heated to 750-900℃ in a large equipment to generate small molecule pyrolysis gas, and the generated pyrolysis gas is gradually condensed to obtain bio-crude oil, wood vinegar, biogas and other components. However, straw is different from coal, and there are problems such as high ash content and high water content in the pyrolysis process. The bio-crude oil obtained by pyrolysis also contains a large amount of phenolic substances and sugars, which need to be further extracted or separated before reuse. Therefore, the existing straw pyrolysis technology also has problems of high transportation cost, high processing cost, low product quality, and low overall cost-effectiveness.

[0008] Humic acid is a macromolecular carbon-containing compound widely existing in nature, with a carbon content of less than 60%, and is mostly weakly acidic. Humic acid can be widely used in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, petroleum, chemical industry, building materials, medicine and health, environmental protection and other fields. Especially now, the promotion of ecological agricultural construction, pollution-free agricultural production, green food, pollution-free environmental protection, etc. makes humic acid more popular.

[0009] Humic acid does not contain elemental carbon and does not have the pore structure of the supporting carbon of biochar, and its stability is poorer than that of biochar. Therefore, it is more convenient for microorganisms to decompose through biological action to produce nutrients for crop growth, and its effect on stimulating crop growth is remarkable. In agriculture, humic acid is often used as a fertilizer additive together with chemical fertilizer products to play a role in promoting the efficiency of chemical fertilizer and stimulating crop growth. Technical problem

[0010] At present, the main methods for producing humic acid include extracting by alkali dissolution and acid separation of weathered coal, or obtaining by chemical and microbial fermentation of biomass. The humic acid product obtained by weathered coal treatment has high yield, but the biological availability is lower than that of the humic acid product obtained by biomass treatment. Although the humic acid product obtained by straw treatment has high biological availability, the production cycle is relatively long (more than 40 days) and the efficiency is low. Therefore, the existing humic acid production is difficult to meet the requirements of industrialization and large-scale production.

[0011] Therefore, the development of a high-efficiency and low-cost thermal treatment device and process for producing humic acid from biomass not only helps to broaden the reuse of biomass, but also is expected to solve the problem of low cost-effectiveness of the existing biomass pyrolysis industry. Technical solution

[0012] The present application provides a biomass pyrolysis process and a mobile biomass treatment device, which has the effects of convenient transportation and high efficiency of straw pyrolysis. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0013] A biomass pyrolysis process, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1, the biomass is crushed and processed, and then pyrolysis is carried out in a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass is 350-600 DEG C, the pyrolysis reaction time is 1-3 s, pyrolysis gas is generated, and the pyrolysis process is supplied with oxygen by a fan;

[0015] S2, the pyrolysis gas generated in step S1 is filtered to remove dust and then enters a first cooling module to condense, and is separated into bio-oil and black humic acid by being cooled to 90-130 DEG C;

[0016] S3, the pyrolysis gas not condensed in step S2 continues to condense in a second cooling module, and is separated into brown humic acid by being cooled to 50-100 DEG C;

[0017] S4, the pyrolysis gas not condensed in step S3 continues to condense in a third cooling module, and is separated into yellow humic acid by being cooled to below 60 DEG C.

[0018] Further, step S5 is further included: after the yellow humic acid is separated, part of the uncondensed pyrolysis gas is returned to the pyrolysis furnace in step S1 to burn, and the remaining part is discharged after being sprayed and dusted.

[0019] The biochar generated after the pyrolysis treatment in step S1 and the ash filtered in step S2 are collected together.

[0020] Preferably, in the crushing and processing process of step S1, the biomass slag is dusted, the dust sucked is blown into the pyrolysis furnace again, and / or the dusted slag is washed and discharged.

[0021] Further, the first cooling module adopts spray cooling, and the bio-oil and the black humic acid, the brown humic acid and the yellow humic acid separated in steps S2, S3 and S4 are used as the cooling medium in the first cooling module; the second cooling module and the third cooling module adopt normal temperature water heat exchange cooling. Further, the first cooling module, the second cooling module and the third cooling module adopt normal temperature water heat exchange cooling.

[0022] Further, the pyrolysis furnace is a horizontal reaction furnace.

[0023] A movable biomass treatment equipment adopts the above biomass pyrolysis process, wherein, a movable box body is arranged, an equipment room is arranged in the box body, a pyrolysis furnace is arranged in the equipment room, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a feeding port, an ash discharge port, an exhaust port and an air inlet port, the feeding port is connected with a feeding module, the ash discharge port is connected with an ash collection module, the exhaust port is connected with a dust collector, the dust collector is connected with a cooling device, the cooling device comprises a bio-oil and humic acid outlet and a gas outlet, the bio-oil and humic acid outlet is connected with a storage device, and the cooling device can condense the pyrolysis gas to generate bio-oil and humic acid.

[0024] Further, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a pyrolysis chamber, the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feeding port, the lower end of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with an ash outlet, the feeding port and the ash outlet are respectively arranged at the two ends of the length direction of the pyrolysis chamber; a feeding channel, a combustion channel and an ash channel are sequentially connected from top to bottom in the pyrolysis chamber, conveying assemblies are arranged in the feeding channel, the combustion channel and the ash channel, the feeding port is connected with the feeding channel, and the ash outlet is connected with the ash channel; one end of the combustion channel is provided with an exhaust port, and the sidewall of the other end of the combustion channel is provided with an air inlet, the air inlet can provide oxygen for the combustion channel; the biomass to be pyrolyzed can enter the feeding channel through the feeding port and be transmitted to the combustion channel for combustion, the biochar after combustion enters the ash channel and is discharged through the ash outlet, and the biomass pyrolysis gas generated by combustion is discharged through the exhaust port.

[0025] Further, a circulating fan is arranged in the box body, the air inlet of the circulating fan is connected with the cooling device, the air outlet of the circulating fan is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline, the pyrolysis gas pipeline is connected with the washing tower and the pyrolysis furnace respectively, and an adjusting valve is arranged on the pyrolysis gas pipeline, so that the proportion of the gas conveyed into the washing tower and the pyrolysis furnace can be adjusted.

[0026] Further, the feeding module comprises a stock bin and a feeder in communication, and the feeder can quantitatively and uniformly convey the biomass in the stock bin to the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0027] Further, a plurality of liftable supporting legs are arranged around the box body, and the box body can be conveniently loaded and unloaded relative to the vehicle through the extension and retraction of the supporting legs.

[0028] Further, a control room is arranged in the box body, and a heat insulation wall is arranged between the control room and the equipment room.

[0029] Further, the box body comprises a first sidewall, a second sidewall, a third sidewall, a fourth sidewall, a bottom plate and a top plate in communication; the pyrolysis furnace is arranged on the side of the equipment room away from the control room, the length direction of the pyrolysis furnace is perpendicular to the length direction of the box body, the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace is arranged at a position close to the second sidewall, the ash outlet is arranged at a position close to the fourth sidewall, the feeding module is arranged at a position close to the included angle between the first sidewall and the second sidewall and is in communication with the first sidewall, and the ash collection module is arranged at a position close to the included angle between the first sidewall and the fourth sidewall and is in communication with the first sidewall.

[0030] Further, the cooling device comprises a separator, the separator contains a cooling liquid, a separation pipeline is arranged in the separator, the upper end of the separation pipeline is a gas inlet of the separator, the lower end of the separation pipeline is a gas outlet of the separator, the gas inlet of the separator is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the quenching tower, and the separator can separate and cool the uncondensed pyrolysis gas in the quenching tower.

[0031] Further, the separation pipeline is provided with a plurality of liquid discharge pipes from top to bottom, the plurality of liquid discharge pipes are connected with the liquid collecting pipe, the liquid collecting pipe is connected with the first finished product tank, and a valve is arranged on each liquid discharge pipe; a second finished product tank is arranged below the separator and is connected with the bottom of the separation pipeline.

[0032] Further, the separator is connected with the quenching tower, the quenching tower comprises a quenching tower pyrolysis gas inlet, a quenching tower pyrolysis gas outlet and a quenching tower liquid outlet at the bottom of the quenching tower, the quenching tower pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis furnace, the quenching tower pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the gas inlet of the separator, the pyrolysis gas is subjected to spray condensation in the quenching tower to produce black humic acid, the black humic acid flows to the bottom of the quenching tower for storage under the action of gravity and can be discharged through the quenching tower liquid outlet; the bottom of the quenching tower is connected with the first circulating pump, the first circulating pump is connected with the spray mechanism inside the upper part of the quenching tower, and the first circulating pump can use the black humic acid stored at the bottom of the quenching tower as a cooling medium of the quenching tower.

[0033] Further, a dust removal fan is arranged in the box body, an air inlet of the dust removal fan is arranged above the feed inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, an air outlet of the dust removal fan is connected with the gas inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and the dust removal fan can absorb the dust generated when the feed module transports the biomass slag to the pyrolysis furnace and transport the dust into the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, and provide oxygen for the pyrolysis of the biomass in the pyrolysis furnace. [0033.1] [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] A biomass pyrolysis process, comprising the following steps: [0033.2] [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] S1, after the biomass is crushed, the biomass is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass is 450-600℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 1-3s to produce pyrolysis gas, and the pyrolysis process is supplied with oxygen by a fan; [0033.3] [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] S2, the pyrolysis gas generated in step S1 is filtered and dusted and then enters a primary cooling module to condense, and is cooled to 90-130℃ to separate out black humic acid; [0033.4] [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] S3, the uncondensed pyrolysis gas in step S2 continues to condense in a secondary cooling module, and is cooled to 50-100℃ to separate out brown humic acid; [0033.5] [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] S4, the uncondensed pyrolysis gas in step S3 continues to condense in a tertiary cooling module, and is cooled below 60℃ to separate out yellow humic acid. [0033.6] [Ruled 20.6 cited (07.07.2025)] Further, after separating fulvic acid, the non-condensed pyrolysis gas part is returned to the pyrolysis furnace in step S1 for combustion, and the remaining part is discharged after being sprayed and dusted. [0033.7] [Ruled 20.6 cited (07.07.2025)] Further, the ash after step S1 pyrolysis treatment and the ash after filtering in step S2 are collected and granulated to produce fertilizer. [0033.8] [Ruled 20.6 cited (07.07.2025)] Preferably, during the crushing process of step S1 biomass, the biomass debris is dusted, and the dust sucked is blown into the pyrolysis furnace again, and / or after dusting, it is washed and discharged. [0033.9] [Ruled 20.6 cited (07.07.2025)] Further, the first cooling module uses spray cooling, and the black humic acid, brown humic acid, and yellow humic acid separated in steps S2, S3, and S4 are used as cooling medium in the first cooling module; the second cooling module and the third cooling module use normal temperature water heat exchange cooling. Further, the first cooling module, the second cooling module, and the third cooling module use normal temperature water for heat exchange cooling. [0033.10] [Ruled 20.6 cited (07.07.2025)] Further, the pyrolysis furnace is a horizontal reaction furnace. [0033.11] [Ruled 20.6 cited (07.07.2025)] A mobile biomass treatment device using the above-mentioned biomass pyrolysis process, wherein it comprises a mobile box, an equipment room is arranged in the box, a pyrolysis furnace is arranged in the equipment room, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a feeding port, an ash discharge port, an exhaust port, and an air inlet port, the feeding port is connected with a feeding module, the ash discharge port is connected with an ash collection module, the exhaust port is connected with a dust collector, the dust collector is connected with a cooling device, the cooling device comprises a humic acid outlet and a gas outlet, the humic acid outlet is connected with a humic acid storage device, and the cooling device can condense the pyrolysis gas to produce humic acid. [0033.12] [Ruled 20.6 cited (07.07.2025)] Further, a circulating fan is arranged in the box, the air inlet port of the circulating fan is connected with the cooling device, the air outlet port of the circulating fan is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline, the pyrolysis gas pipeline is connected with a washing tower and the pyrolysis furnace respectively, and an adjusting valve is arranged on the pyrolysis gas pipeline, and the proportion of gas transported into the washing tower and the pyrolysis furnace can be adjusted through the adjusting valve. [0033.13] [Ruled 20.6 cited (07.07.2025)] Further, the feeding module comprises a bin and a feeder connected in series, and the feeder can quantitatively and uniformly transport the biomass in the bin to the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace. [0033.14][Ruled 20.6] Further, the box is provided with a plurality of liftable legs around the box, and the box can be conveniently loaded and unloaded relative to the vehicle through the extension and retraction of the legs. [0033.15][Ruled 20.6] Further, the box is provided with a control room, and a heat insulation wall is arranged between the control room and the equipment room. [0033.16][Ruled 20.6] Further, the box comprises a first side wall, a second side wall, a third side wall, a fourth side wall, a bottom plate and a top plate connected together; the pyrolysis furnace is arranged in the equipment room away from the control room, the length direction of the pyrolysis furnace is perpendicular to the length direction of the box, the feed inlet of the pyrolysis furnace is arranged near the second side wall, the ash outlet is arranged near the fourth side wall, the feed module is arranged near the angle between the first side wall and the second side wall and is in communication with the first side wall, and the ash collection module is arranged near the angle between the first side wall and the fourth side wall and is in communication with the first side wall. [0033.17][Ruled 20.6] Further, the cooling device comprises a separator, the separator contains cooling liquid, the separator is provided with a separation pipeline, the upper end of the separation pipeline is a separator gas inlet, the lower end of the separation pipeline is a separator gas outlet, the separator gas inlet of the separator is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the quenching tower, and the separator can separate and cool the uncondensed pyrolysis gas in the quenching tower. [0033.18][Ruled 20.6] Further, the separation pipeline is provided with a plurality of liquid discharge pipes from top to bottom, the plurality of liquid discharge pipes are connected with a liquid collecting pipe, the liquid collecting pipe is connected with the first product tank, and a valve is arranged on each liquid discharge pipe; a second product tank is arranged below the separator, and the second product tank is in communication with the bottom of the separation pipeline. [0033.19][Ruled 20.6] Further, the separator is connected with the quenching tower, the quenching tower comprises a quenching tower pyrolysis gas inlet, a quenching tower pyrolysis gas outlet and a quenching tower liquid outlet at the bottom of the quenching tower, the quenching tower pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis furnace, the quenching tower pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the separator gas inlet, the pyrolysis gas is sprayed and condensed in the quenching tower to produce black acid, the black acid flows to the bottom of the quenching tower under the action of gravity for storage and can be discharged through the quenching tower liquid outlet; the bottom of the quenching tower is connected with a first circulating pump, the first circulating pump is connected with a spraying mechanism in the upper part of the quenching tower, and the first circulating pump can use the black acid stored in the bottom of the quenching tower as the cooling medium of the quenching tower. [0033.20][Referencing (Detailed Rules 20.6) 07.07.2025] Furthermore, a dust removal fan is installed inside the box. The air inlet of the dust removal fan is located above the feed inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and the air outlet of the dust removal fan is connected to the air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace. The dust removal fan can absorb the dust generated when the feeding module conveys biomass residue into the pyrolysis furnace and convey it to the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, and provide oxygen for the biomass pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace. Beneficial effects

[0034] The mobile biomass processing equipment of this invention features an ingenious structural design and a high degree of modularity. By integrating the pyrolysis furnace and cooling device, along with other pyrolysis equipment for extracting humic acid, into a container, it facilitates transportation and allows for timely processing of biomass at the recycling site. The addition of liftable support legs around the container also greatly simplifies loading and unloading, enhancing the equipment's usability.

[0035] In addition, this invention is more suitable for the pyrolysis of biomass. The pyrolysis process directly generates humic acid products through the control of temperature, time and oxygen consumption and condensation and sedimentation, which greatly shortens the production time of humic acid products and realizes industrial operation. It not only broadens the application of biomass pyrolysis, but also solves the industry problem of low cost-effectiveness of biomass pyrolysis.

[0036] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to better understand the technical means of the present invention and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and in order to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0037] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. In the drawings:

[0038] Figure 1 is a top view of the mobile biomass processing equipment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a front view of the mobile biomass processing equipment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 is a left view of the mobile biomass processing device of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the separator of the mobile biomass processing equipment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the spiral conveying mechanism inside the pyrolysis furnace of the mobile biomass processing equipment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 6 is a perspective view of the pyrolysis furnace of a preferred embodiment of the mobile biomass treatment equipment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 7 is a side cross-sectional view of the pyrolysis furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pyrolysis furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the pyrolysis furnace according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 10 is a process flow diagram I of the pyrolysis extraction of humic acid using the mobile biomass treatment equipment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 11 is a process flow diagram (II) of the pyrolysis extraction of humic acid using the mobile biomass treatment equipment of the present invention. [0048.1] [Cited in Article 20.6 (Details 20.6) 07.07.2025] Figure 12 is a process flow diagram I of the method for pyrolysis extraction of humic acid using the mobile biomass treatment equipment of the present invention. The best embodiment of the present invention

[0049] To better understand the purpose, function, and specific design of this invention, a biomass pyrolysis process and a mobile biomass processing device of this invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0050] As shown in Figure 10, the biomass pyrolysis process provided by the present invention includes the following steps:

[0051] S1. After being crushed and processed, biomass is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis furnace. The pyrolysis temperature of biomass is 350~600℃, and the pyrolysis reaction time is 1-3s to produce pyrolysis gas. Oxygen is supplied through a blower during the pyrolysis process.

[0052] S2. The pyrolysis gas generated in step S1 is filtered and dust removed before entering the primary cooling module for condensation. It is then quenched at room temperature to 90~130℃ to separate bio-oil and black humic acid.

[0053] S3. The pyrolysis gas that was not condensed in step S2 continues to be condensed in the secondary cooling module and cooled at room temperature to 50-100℃ to separate the brown humic acid.

[0054] S4. The pyrolysis gas that was not condensed in step S3 continues to be condensed in the three-stage cooling module and separated into fulvic acid by cooling at room temperature to below 60°C.

[0055] After the fulvic acid is separated, the uncondensed and decomposed portion can be diverted for spray dust removal and then discharged, while the remaining portion is returned to the pyrolysis furnace in step S1. The biochar produced after the pyrolysis treatment in step S1 and the ash filtered in step S2 are collected and used for other purposes, such as producing fertilizer, biochar and other finished products. [0055.1] [Referencing (Details 20.6) 07.07.2025] As shown in Figure 12, the biomass pyrolysis process provided by the present invention includes the following steps: [0055.2][Referencing (Detailed Rules 20.6) 07.07.2025] S1. After being crushed and processed, biomass is pyrolyzed in a pyrolysis furnace. The pyrolysis temperature of biomass is 450~600℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 1-3s to generate pyrolysis gas, and oxygen is supplied by a blower during the pyrolysis process. [0055.3][Referencing (Details 20.6) 07.07.2025] S2, The pyrolysis gas generated in step S1 is filtered and dust removed before entering the primary cooling module for condensation, and is then quenched at room temperature to 90~130℃ to separate out black humic acid; [0055.4][Referencing (Details 20.6) 07.07.2025] S3, The uncondensed pyrolysis gas in step S2 continues to be condensed in the secondary cooling module and cooled at room temperature to 50-100℃ to separate the brown humic acid; [0055.5][Referencing (Details 20.6) 07.07.2025] S4. The pyrolysis gas that was not condensed in step S3 continues to be condensed in the three-stage cooling module and separated into fulvic acid by cooling at room temperature to below 60°C. [0055.6][Referencing (Details 20.6) 07.07.2025] The uncondensed pyrolysis portion after the fulvic acid is separated can be diverted for spray dust removal and then discharged, while the remaining portion is returned to the pyrolysis furnace in step S1; the ash after the pyrolysis treatment in step S1 and the ash filtered in step S2 can be collected and granulated to obtain inorganic fertilizer.

[0056] Before entering the pyrolysis furnace, biomass must be crushed to ensure complete pyrolysis. However, since biomass itself carries some impurities such as soil and dust, and biomass has a low density, dust will be raised during the crushing process. Therefore, it is preferable to vacuum / remove the biomass fragments during the crushing process and blow the vacuumed dust (mainly low-particle-size biomass fragments and impurities) back into the pyrolysis furnace to make full use of the low-particle-size biomass fragments to promote pyrolysis, and / or clean and discharge the dust after vacuuming.

[0057] The pyrolysis temperature in the pyrolysis furnace is higher than the temperature for preparing biochar from biomass and lower than the temperature for pyrolysis of conventional coal. When greater than 400℃, the cellulose in the biomass begins to gradually decompose, and 450-600℃ belongs to the stage of rapid decomposition of a large amount of cellulose, but lower than 600℃, the direct formation of organic hydrocarbon molecules with too small molecular weight in the biomass pyrolysis can be avoided.

[0058] The fast moderate pyrolysis time makes a large amount of macromolecular organic matter in the pyrolysis gas generated under the reaction condition in an incomplete secondary cracking state, and the pyrolysis gas contains a large amount of benzene rings, condensed rings and heterocyclic compounds, and the active groups are mainly carboxyl and phenolic hydroxyl groups. These compounds form aggregates through agglomeration and condensation, and cooperate with the horizontal reaction furnace. A large amount of aggregates in the pyrolysis gas do not sink and circulate pyrolysis due to gravity, and the ash content is low. It should be noted that since the energy density of straw is lower than that of coal and more flammable, sufficient pyrolysis can be completed without higher temperature and longer reaction time, and the sufficient pyrolysis of biomass is still in the state of incomplete combustion.

[0059] The first cooling module is preferably cooled by spraying cooling, and the bio-oil and black humic acid products obtained by primary condensation can be used as the spraying cooling medium of the first cooling module. Similarly, the brown humic acid (also known as brown humic acid) and yellow humic acid products obtained by the second cooling module and the third cooling module can also be used as the spraying cooling medium of the first cooling module to spray and chill the pyrolysis gas, realizing the recycling of the products. The specific selection of the spraying medium can be single product or combined use according to the desired chilling effect.

[0060] In the primary cooling before the generation of black humic acid, the spraying medium can be normal temperature water or air to cool the pyrolysis gas. When the spraying medium is air, the air is directly blown into the pyrolysis gas for air cooling, which can reduce the water content in the bio-oil and black humic acid products compared with only spraying cooling water.

[0061] The pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis is sprayed and chilled, so that the pyrolysis gas at 350-600℃ is first chilled in 1-3s. Unlike the millisecond-level condensation time of coal pyrolysis gas to prevent multi-stage cracking of coal pyrolysis gas, the chilling in the present application allows the macromolecular organic matter in the pyrolysis gas to have enough time to form larger aggregates through hydrogen bonding and complexation to generate black humic acid. The brown humic acid and yellow humic acid are used as the spraying cooling medium, which plays a cooling role on one hand, and on the other hand, the brown humic acid and yellow humic acid are directly contacted with the pyrolysis gas during spraying, leading to decomposition after heating, and then cooling and synthesis of black humic acid again. Therefore, the yield of yellow humic acid, black humic acid and brown humic acid can be adjusted according to the product demand. [0061.1][Cited (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The pyrolysis gas generated by pyrolysis is sprayed and quenched, and the pyrolysis gas at 450-600℃ is quenched for the first time within 1-3s, which is different from the millisecond condensation time of coal (to prevent multi-stage cracking of coal pyrolysis gas). In the present application, the quenching allows the macromolecular organic matter in the pyrolysis gas to have enough time to form larger aggregates through hydrogen bonding and complexation, and to settle to generate black humic acid. Brown humic acid and yellow humic acid are used as the spray cooling medium, which not only plays a cooling role, but also causes the brown humic acid and yellow humic acid to contact the pyrolysis gas directly during the spraying process, leading to decomposition after heating and then cooling and synthesis of black humic acid again. Therefore, the yield of yellow humic acid, black humic acid, and brown humic acid can be adjusted according to product requirements.

[0062] In the secondary and tertiary cooling modules, water heat exchange is preferably used for heat exchange cooling (cooling liquid is used in the separator to cool the pyrolysis gas, and the cooling liquid does not contact the pyrolysis gas). Compared with spray cooling, the cooling temperature of heat exchange cooling is easier to control, and the water content of brown humic acid and yellow humic acid products can be reduced.

[0063] Similarly, as shown in FIG. 11, water heat exchange can be used for heat exchange cooling in the primary, secondary, and tertiary cooling modules. This method is more conducive to obtaining pure black humic acid products, but it cannot reuse the generated products, requires more cooling liquid, and the yield of each product cannot be adjusted.

[0064] The uncondensed pyrolysis gas (which can still reach 90-130℃ after spraying or water heat exchange) in the primary cooling module continues to pass through the secondary cooling module for secondary heat exchange cooling. At this time, the slightly smaller molecular weight organic acids and phenolic substances in the pyrolysis gas are cooled to generate brown yellow or brown brown humic acid.

[0065] In the tertiary cooling module, normal temperature tap water is used as the cooling liquid for water heat exchange. The temperature of the pyrolysis gas after secondary condensation / heat exchange is 50-100℃, and the pyrolysis gas is finally cooled to below 60℃ in the tertiary cooling module to obtain yellow humic acid, which has the smallest molecular weight among the humic acid products.

[0066] It should be noted that the temperature ranges of the primary, secondary, and tertiary cooling overlap due to the influence of biomass types. The pyrolysis temperature and condensation temperature of different biomass types will fluctuate within the range provided by the present application. Generally, the higher the cellulose content of the biomass, the higher the pyrolysis temperature, and this type of biomass produces more black humic acid and brown humic acid products. The temperature of the primary, secondary, and tertiary cooling is preferably close to the upper limit of the range. For biomass with low cellulose content or high water content, the pyrolysis temperature is relatively low, and more yellow humic acid products are separated. The cooling is preferably close to the lower limit of the range, and the multi-stage cooling process needs to meet the cooling temperature primary > secondary > tertiary.

[0067] Biomass has a higher moisture content than coal. Using the pyrolysis method of this invention, the water vapor generated by pyrolysis is gradually consumed in multi-stage cooling. Since fulvic acid has the best water solubility, and the three-stage cooling module directly cools the pyrolysis gas to below 60°C, most of the water generated by pyrolysis will precipitate in the third-stage cooling module. The resulting fulvic acid product is mostly in a water-soluble state. This makes it convenient to use a pump to extract the cooled fulvic acid water-soluble material as a spray cooling medium in the first-stage cooling module. Furthermore, fulvic acid can be resynthesized into black humic acid after being subjected to high temperatures.

[0068] The uncondensed pyrolysis gas (tail gas) after the fulvic acid is separated contains carbon dioxide, mostly fine inorganic dust and a small amount of small-molecule combustible gas (methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, etc.); the tail gas can be partially recycled back to the pyrolysis furnace to aid the pyrolysis of biomass as needed; the other part is discharged after being sprayed for dust removal. [0068.1][Referencing (Details 20.6) 07.07.2025] As shown in Figures 1-5, the mobile biomass processing equipment provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention includes a mobile housing 1, and a pyrolysis furnace 2 is provided inside the housing 1. The pyrolysis furnace 2 includes a feed inlet, an ash discharge outlet, an exhaust outlet, and an air inlet. The feed inlet is connected to a feeding module 3, which can crush biomass and quantitatively and uniformly feed it into the feed inlet. The pyrolysis furnace 2 can pyrolyze biomass to generate ash and pyrolysis gas. The ash can be discharged through the ash discharge outlet, and the pyrolysis gas can be discharged through the exhaust outlet. The ash discharge outlet is connected to an ash collection module 6, which can collect the ash discharged from the ash discharge outlet and make it into fertilizer. The exhaust outlet is connected to a cooling device, which can condense the pyrolysis gas to produce humic acid. The remaining uncondensed pyrolysis gas is mainly a combustible mixture of methane, ethane, and other gases. The cooling device includes a humic acid outlet and a gas outlet. The humic acid outlet is connected to the humic acid storage device, and the gas outlet is connected to the gas inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2. Uncondensed pyrolysis gas can be returned to the pyrolysis furnace for combustion, thereby aiding the combustion of biomass.

[0069] As shown in FIG. 1-9, the complete mobile biomass processing equipment provided by the present application comprises a mobile box 1, a pyrolysis furnace 2 arranged in the box 1, the pyrolysis furnace 2 comprising a feeding port, an ash outlet, an exhaust port and an air inlet, the feeding port being connected with a feeding module 3, the feeding module 3 being capable of crushing and feeding biomass into the feeding port at a constant speed, the pyrolysis furnace 2 being capable of pyrolyzing the biomass to generate biochar and pyrolysis gas, the biochar being discharged through the ash outlet, the pyrolysis gas being discharged through the exhaust port, the ash outlet being connected with an ash collection module 6, the ash collection module 6 being capable of collecting the biochar discharged from the ash outlet and making the biochar into a fertilizer, the exhaust port being connected with a cooling device, the cooling device being capable of condensing the pyrolysis gas to produce bio-oil and humic acid, the remaining uncondensed pyrolysis gas being mainly combustible mixed gas such as methane and ethane, the cooling device comprising a bio-oil and humic acid outlet and a gas outlet, the bio-oil and humic acid outlet being connected with a storage device, the gas outlet being connected with the air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2, the uncondensed pyrolysis gas being capable of flowing back to the pyrolysis furnace for combustion to assist the pyrolysis of the biomass.

[0070] The box 1 of the mobile biomass processing equipment of the present application can be a container, and the box 1 can be placed on a truck for transportation, so that the present application can be conveniently and quickly moved to a field for pyrolysis processing of biomass. Preferably, a plurality of liftable legs 17 are arranged around the box 1, and the box 1 can be conveniently loaded and unloaded relative to the truck through the extension and retraction of the legs 17, avoiding the use of a crane for lifting, and improving the convenience of use of the present application. The lifting structure of the legs 17 can be realized by using existing hydraulic cylinders, electric cylinders and the like, which are not limited herein as long as the legs 17 can be lifted.

[0071] Specifically, the box 1 comprises a first side wall 11, a second side wall 12, a third side wall 13, a fourth side wall 14, a bottom plate 15 and a top plate 16 connected with each other. A control room 18 and an equipment room 19 are arranged in the box 1, the control room 18 being capable of monitoring the running state of each device and controlling the device, and a user can also rest in the control room 18, and an operation room door for personnel to enter and exit is arranged on the third side wall 13. The equipment room 19 is used for placing the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the cooling device and other devices for extracting humic acid by pyrolysis, and a heat insulation wall is arranged between the control room 18 and the equipment room 19.

[0072] Preferably, the pyrolysis furnace 2 is a horizontal reaction furnace, unlike the long barrel diameter vertical combustion furnace provided in large coal pyrolysis equipment, the vertical combustion furnace is prone to produce oil gas with small molecular weight to rush upward, and oil gas particles with large molecular weight sink under the action of gravity to circulate pyrolysis, which can ensure that the coal pyrolysis is sufficient, the oil gas molecular particle size at the outlet of the combustion furnace is small, which is convenient for subsequent condensation into tar. However, the non-combustible ash content in biomass such as straw, leaves and branches is high, if the vertical combustion furnace is used, the small molecular ash produced by pyrolysis is also prone to mix with the pyrolysis gas and rush upward, which increases the difficulty of separating the ash in the pyrolysis gas. Therefore, the horizontal reaction furnace is preferred in the present application to avoid the remaining ash in the biomass pyrolysis flying with the pyrolysis gas.

[0073] In the pyrolysis furnace 2 of the present application, at least one screw conveying mechanism 27 is provided, in one embodiment, as shown in Figure 5, the screw conveying mechanism 27 is provided with a material lifting baffle 28, the biomass slag is conveyed and pyrolyzed on the screw conveying mechanism 27 in the pyrolysis furnace 2, and the material lifting baffle 28 can lift the biomass slag conveyed on the screw conveying mechanism 27, so that the biomass slag pyrolysis is more sufficient and uniform.

[0074] In another preferred embodiment, as shown in Figures 6-9, the pyrolysis furnace 2 comprises a pyrolysis chamber 21, the upper end of the pyrolysis chamber 21 is provided with a feeding port 211, the lower end of the pyrolysis chamber 21 is provided with an ash discharge port 212, the feeding port 211 and the ash discharge port 212 are respectively arranged at both ends of the length direction of the pyrolysis chamber 21; the pyrolysis chamber 21 is provided with an inlet channel 22, a combustion channel 23 and an ash discharge channel 24 connected in sequence from top to bottom, the inlet channel 22, the combustion channel 23 and the ash discharge channel 24 are provided with conveying assemblies, the feeding port 211 is connected with the inlet channel 22, and the ash discharge port 212 is connected with the ash discharge channel 24; one end of the combustion channel 23 is provided with an exhaust port 213, and the sidewall of the other end of the combustion channel 23 is provided with an air inlet 214, which can provide oxygen for the combustion channel 23; the biomass to be pyrolyzed can enter the inlet channel 22 through the feeding port 211 and be transmitted to the combustion channel 23 for combustion, the ash after combustion enters the ash discharge channel 24 and is discharged through the ash discharge port 212, and the biomass pyrolysis gas generated by combustion is discharged through the exhaust port 213.

[0075] Specifically, the conveying assembly of the present embodiment is a screw conveying mechanism, which realizes the purpose of conveying materials by driving the screw shaft to rotate by a motor. The conveying assembly comprises an inlet conveying assembly 221, a combustion conveying assembly 231 and an ash discharge conveying assembly 241, the inlet channel 22 is provided with the inlet conveying assembly 221, the combustion channel 23 is provided with the combustion conveying assembly 231, and the ash discharge channel 24 is provided with the ash discharge conveying assembly 241.

[0076] It is worth noting that the feeding conveying assembly 221 comprises feeding helical blades 222, which are provided with a plurality of air vents 25 at a position close to the inlet of the combustion channel 23, while the helical blades close to the below of the feeding port 211 are not provided with air vents 25. In this way, the exhaust port 213 can discharge pyrolysis gas while forming a negative pressure at the position close to the inlet of the combustion channel 23 to drive the airflow in the feeding channel 22 to flow into the combustion channel 23, i.e., the exhaust port 213 can suck the airflow in the feeding channel 22 to prevent the pyrolysis gas from being discharged from the feeding port 211.

[0077] In addition, the combustion conveying assembly 231 of the present embodiment comprises combustion helical blades 232, which are uniformly provided with a plurality of air vents 25. The plurality of air vents 25 on the combustion helical blades 232 can facilitate the oxygen from the air inlet 214 to flow in the combustion channel 23 towards the exhaust port 213, so as to fully burn the biomass in the combustion channel 23.

[0078] Finally, the ash conveying assembly 241 comprises ash helical blades 242, which are not provided with air vents 25, and the helical radius of the ash helical blades 242 is greater than or equal to the diameter of the ash outlet 212, so as to avoid air flowing into the ash outlet 212, thereby avoiding the formation of airflow in the ash channel 24 in the opposite direction of the conveying direction of the ash conveying assembly 241, and greatly reducing the possibility of the ash after combustion flowing into the exhaust port 213.

[0079] As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the pyrolysis chamber 21 of the present embodiment is provided with a first partition plate 215 and a second partition plate 216 at intervals. One end of the first partition plate 215 is connected to the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber 21 close to the feeding port 211, and the other end of the first partition plate 215 is provided at intervals with the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber 21 close to the ash outlet 212, so as to connect the feeding channel 22 and the combustion channel 23. One end of the second partition plate 216 is connected to the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber 21 close to the ash outlet 212, and the other end of the first partition plate 215 is provided at intervals with the inner wall of the end of the pyrolysis chamber 21 close to the feeding port 211, so as to connect the combustion channel 23 and the ash channel 24.

[0080] It is worth noting that the first partition plate 215 is provided with a plurality of air permeable holes 26 at a position close to the connection position of the feeding channel 22 and the combustion channel 23. In this way, the air vents 25 of the feeding helical blades 222 can make the exhaust port 213 discharge pyrolysis gas while more easily forming a negative pressure at the position close to the inlet of the combustion channel 23 to drive the airflow in the feeding channel 22 to flow into the combustion channel 23, i.e., the exhaust port 213 can suck the airflow in the feeding channel 22 to prevent the pyrolysis gas from being discharged from the feeding port 211.

[0081] Preferably, the diameter of the air vent 26 gradually decreases in the direction away from the position where the feeding channel 22 communicates with the combustion channel 23, and the first partition plate 215 below the feeding port 211 and the position below the feeding port 211 are not provided with the air vent 26, so as to prevent the pyrolysis gas from being discharged from the feeding port 211.

[0082] The exhaust port 213 of the present embodiment is arranged at one end close to the ash discharge port 212, and the air inlet 214 is arranged on the side wall at both sides of the pyrolysis chamber 21 close to the feeding port 211, so that the flow direction of the airflow in the combustion channel 23 is opposite to the conveying direction of the conveying assembly, so that the biomass moving in the combustion channel 23 is blown up by the reverse airflow, thereby further improving the combustion effect of the biomass and making the biomass burn more fully.

[0083] In addition, since the volume of the biomass is greatly reduced after combustion, and combustion requires a certain space for oxygen, the width of the feeding channel 22 of the present embodiment is greater than the width of the combustion channel 23, and the width of the combustion channel 23 is greater than the width of the ash discharge channel 24, and in order to reduce the height of the feeding channel 22 and the combustion channel 23, two groups of conveying assemblies are arranged side by side in the feeding channel 22 and the combustion channel 23, and only one group of conveying assemblies is arranged in the ash discharge channel 24.

[0084] The pyrolysis furnace of the present embodiment adopts a horizontal structure, and the feeding channel, the combustion channel and the ash discharge channel are arranged in the horizontal structure from top to bottom in sequence. Compared with the vertical pyrolysis furnace for coal, the pyrolysis products do not sink and circulate pyrolysis due to gravity, and the ash content is low. Moreover, by arranging the ventilation holes on the combustion spiral blade, the biomass can be lifted up to make the biomass pyrolysis more fully and uniformly.

[0085] The pyrolysis furnace 2 is arranged in the equipment room 19 away from the control room 18, and the length direction of the pyrolysis furnace 2 is perpendicular to the length direction of the box body 1. The feeding port and the ash discharge port of the pyrolysis furnace 2 are arranged at both ends of the length direction of the pyrolysis furnace 2. The feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace 2 of the present embodiment is arranged close to the second side wall 12, and the ash discharge port is arranged close to the fourth side wall 14. The feeding module 3 is arranged close to the angle between the first side wall 11 and the second side wall 12 and is communicated with the first side wall 11, so as to facilitate placing the biomass in the feeding module 3. The ash collection module 6 is arranged close to the angle between the first side wall 11 and the fourth side wall 14 and is communicated with the first side wall 11, so as to facilitate collecting the fertilizer made by the ash collection module 6.

[0086] Specifically, the feeding module 3 comprises a crusher, a bin and a feeder in communication. The crusher can crush the biomass to form biomass slag. The biomass slag can be stored in the bin. The feeder can quantitatively and uniformly deliver the biomass slag in the bin to the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace 2. The crusher can be selected from the commercially available crushers as long as it can crush the biomass. Of course, it can be understood that the smaller the biomass slag, the more conducive to full pyrolysis. In another embodiment, the feeding module 3 only comprises a bin and a feeder. The pre-crushed biomass slag can be directly placed in the bin for storage.

[0087] The cooling device comprises a first-stage, a second-stage and a third-stage cooling module in communication. The pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace 2 first enters the first-stage cooling module to be condensed to produce black humic acid. Then, the uncondensed pyrolysis gas enters the second-stage cooling module to be condensed again to produce brown humic acid. Finally, the pyrolysis gas is condensed by the third-stage cooling module to produce yellow humic acid. The remaining uncondensed pyrolysis gas after the third-stage cooling mainly comprises inorganic dust and a small amount of small molecule combustible gas (methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, etc.) except carbon dioxide.

[0088] Specifically, the first-stage cooling module of the present embodiment comprises a quench tower 41. The quench tower 41 comprises a quench tower pyrolysis gas inlet, a quench tower pyrolysis gas outlet and a quench tower liquid outlet at the bottom of the quench tower 41. The quench tower pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis furnace. The pyrolysis gas is sprayed and condensed in the quench tower 41 to produce black humic acid. The black humic acid flows to the bottom of the quench tower 41 under the action of gravity for storage and can be discharged through the quench tower liquid outlet. The bottom of the quench tower 41 is connected with a first circulating pump 45. The first circulating pump 45 is connected with a spraying mechanism inside the quench tower 41. The first circulating pump 45 can use the black humic acid stored in the bottom of the quench tower 41 as the cooling medium of the quench tower 41.

[0089] The quench tower pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with a separator 42. The second-stage cooling module and the third-stage cooling module of the present embodiment are integrated to form the separator 42. The separator 42 contains a cooling liquid. The separator 42 is provided with a separation pipeline 421. The upper end of the separation pipeline 421 is a separator gas inlet. The separator gas inlet is connected with the quench tower pyrolysis gas outlet. The lower end of the separation pipeline 421 is a separator gas outlet. The separator gas inlet of the separator 42 is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the quench tower 41. Since the temperature of the separation pipeline 421 gradually decreases from top to bottom, the separator 42 can separate and cool the uncondensed pyrolysis gas in the quench tower 41.

[0090] Specifically, the lower part of the separator 42 is provided with an inlet for the cooling liquid, and the upper part of the separator 42 is provided with an outlet for the condensed humic acid. The liquid level meter 422 is arranged on the sidewall of the separator 42. The temperature of the pyrolysis gas in the separation pipeline 421 can be controlled by adjusting the liquid level of the cooling liquid in the separator 42, so as to adjust the production capacity of the humic acid.

[0091] The separation pipeline 421 can be a Bauer ring or a spiral spring, so as to increase the surface area of the separation pipeline 421 in the separator 42 and the length of the separation pipeline 421, thereby improving the contact efficiency between the pyrolysis gas and the cooling liquid.

[0092] The separation pipeline 421 is provided with a plurality of liquid outlets 423 from top to bottom, the plurality of liquid outlets 423 are connected with a liquid collecting pipe 424, and the liquid collecting pipe 424 is connected with the first product tank 43. Each of the liquid outlets 423 is provided with a valve. By opening different valves, the first product tank 43 can collect the fulvic acid or the humic acid. Preferably, the lower part of the separator 42 is further provided with a second product tank 44, which is connected with the bottom of the separation pipeline 421 to collect the fulvic acid and / or the humic acid. For example, when the first product tank 43 collects the fulvic acid, the uncondensed pyrolysis gas will continue to condense to generate the humic acid. At this time, the second product tank 44 can continue to collect, so as to avoid waste of the humic acid.

[0093] It is worth noting that the first circulating pump 45 is further connected with the second product tank 44. The fulvic acid or the humic acid in the second product tank 44 can be transported to the quenching tower 41 to be used as a cooling medium to spray and cool the pyrolysis gas. At the same time, the fulvic acid or the humic acid is decomposed and settled again to synthesize the humic acid.

[0094] The pyrolysis gas outlet of the separator 42 is connected with the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the washing tower 8. After the pyrolysis gas is condensed to collect the humic acid in the quenching tower 41 and the separator 42, the remaining components in the pyrolysis gas are mainly non-condensable gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide and some small inorganic dust. Part of the gas can enter the pyrolysis furnace 2 to be used for combustion, so as to maintain the pyrolysis temperature of the pyrolysis furnace 2. Another part of the gas enters the washing tower 8 to be cleaned, so as to remove the inorganic dust, and then is discharged to the external environment.

[0095] The lower part of the washing tower 8 is provided with a liquid storage tank 81, the liquid storage tank 81 is connected with the second circulating pump 46, the second circulating pump 46 is connected with a washing spray assembly, the washing spray assembly is arranged at the upper part inside the washing tower 8, and the liquid storage tank 81 is provided with cooling water. The cooling water can be transported to the washing spray assembly at the upper part inside the washing tower 8 through the second circulating pump 46, so as to spray and remove dust from the pyrolysis gas in the washing tower 8.

[0096] It can be understood that in another embodiment, the first, second and third cooling modules are integrally arranged to form the separator 42, and the quench tower 41 is not arranged, and the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace 2 directly enters the separator 42 for cooling and separation to produce black humic acid, brown humic acid and yellow humic acid. This way is more conducive to obtaining pure black humic acid product, but the generated product cannot be reused, the cooling liquid consumption is larger, and the yield of each product cannot be adjusted.

[0097] Preferably, in order to improve the purity of humic acid, a filtering device is arranged between the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the cooling device. In an embodiment, the filtering device is a dust collector 5. The dust collector 5 can filter the pyrolysis gas to remove solid impurities such as ash and dust in the pyrolysis gas. The dust collector 5 can be a cyclone dust collector available on the market. The gas outlet at the upper part of the cyclone dust collector is connected with the cooling device, and the impurity outlet at the lower part of the cyclone dust collector is connected with the ash collection module 6. Preferably, in order to facilitate the ash collection module 6 to collect the ash discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the impurities discharged from the dust collector 5, the dust collector 5 is arranged at a position close to the ash discharge port of the pyrolysis furnace 2. The ash discharge port of the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the impurity outlet of the dust collector 5 are connected with an ash conveying device. The ash conveying device can be a spiral conveyor or a conveying belt available on the market. The ash conveying device can convey the biochar, ash discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the impurities discharged from the dust collector 5 to the ash collection module 6 together and make them into fertilizer. The ash collection module 6 of the present embodiment includes a granulator. The granulator can make the ash generated after the pyrolysis of the biomass into granular form to form granular fertilizer.

[0098] In another embodiment, the filtering device is a spray filtering device. The spray filtering device includes a pyrolysis gas inlet, a pyrolysis gas outlet and a liquid outlet at the bottom. The pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis furnace, and the pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the separator 42. A Pall ring is arranged inside the spray filtering device. The pyrolysis gas can flow in the Pall ring. A spraying mechanism is arranged at the top of the spray filtering device. The pyrolysis gas is sprayed and condensed in the spray filtering device to produce black humic acid and filter out the dust in the flue gas. The black humic acid and dust are subjected to the action of gravity and flow to the bottom of the spray filtering device for storage and can be discharged through the liquid outlet. The bottom of the spray filtering device is connected with a circulating pump. The circulating pump is connected with the spraying mechanism inside the spray filtering device above. The circulating pump can use the black humic acid stored at the bottom of the spray filtering device as the cooling medium of the spray filtering device. It can be understood that preferably, two spray filtering devices are used in series to further improve the filtering and cooling effect.

[0099] Since most of the organic carbon components after pyrolysis are condensed into humic acid with the pyrolysis gas, and the remaining ash mainly contains inorganic components such as silicon, potassium, calcium and magnesium, which are suitable for use as inorganic fertilizer.

[0100] As shown in Fig. 1, the box 1 is provided with a circulating fan 71, the air inlet of the circulating fan 71 is connected with the gas outlet of the cooling device, the air outlet of the circulating fan 71 is connected with the gas inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2, the circulating fan 71 can suck the gas in the pyrolysis furnace 2 and enter the cooling device for condensation, the uncondensed combustible gas continues to be sucked and transported into the pyrolysis furnace 2 for combustion.

[0101] Preferably, the air outlet of the circulating fan 71 of the embodiment is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline 73, the pyrolysis gas pipeline 73 is connected with the cleaning tower 8 and the pyrolysis furnace 2 respectively, the pyrolysis gas pipeline 73 is provided with an adjusting valve, by adjusting the adjusting valve, the circulating fan 71 can transport the uncondensed pyrolysis gas into the cleaning tower 8, the pyrolysis furnace 2 or both, and the proportion of the uncondensed pyrolysis gas transported into the cleaning tower 8 and the pyrolysis furnace 2 can be adjusted by the adjusting valve. By transporting the uncondensed combustible gas into the pyrolysis furnace 2, the combustion of the biomass pyrolysis can be promoted.

[0102] It is worth noting that the cleaning tower 8 includes a pyrolysis gas inlet and a purified gas outlet, the pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the air outlet of the circulating fan 71 through the pyrolysis gas pipeline 73, and the purified gas outlet is connected with the external environment.

[0103] The box 1 of the embodiment is also provided with a dust removal fan 72, the air inlet of the dust removal fan 72 is arranged above the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace 2, the air outlet of the dust removal fan 72 is connected with the gas inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2, the dust removal fan 72 can absorb the dust generated when the feeding module 3 transports the biomass residues into the pyrolysis furnace 2 and transport it into the pyrolysis furnace 2 for pyrolysis, and also provides oxygen for the biomass pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace 2. Preferably, the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace 2 and the upper part of the bunker are provided with a dust removal cover 74, the top of the dust removal cover 74 is connected with the air inlet of the dust removal fan 72, so as to reduce the diffusion of smoke and dust during feeding.

[0104] The gas inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2 of the embodiment includes an oxygen inlet and a tail gas inlet, the air outlet of the dust removal fan 72 is connected with the oxygen inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2, and the air outlet of the circulating fan 71 is connected with the tail gas inlet of the pyrolysis furnace 2. In the initial use of the pyrolysis furnace 2, the tail gas inlet is closed first, and then the tail gas is introduced into the pyrolysis furnace 2 for combustion after the tail gas is generated.

[0105] Preferably, the dust removal fan 72 is also connected with the cleaning tower 8, the dust removal fan 72 can absorb the dust generated when the feeding module 3 transports the biomass residues into the pyrolysis furnace 2 and transport it into the cleaning tower 8 for spray dust removal.

[0106] A first cleaning port 82 is arranged below the washing tower 8 to facilitate cleaning of the precipitated sundries. Preferably, the washing tower 8 of the embodiment is arranged side by side with the quenching tower 41, and a second cleaning port 411 is arranged below the quenching tower 41 to facilitate cleaning of the precipitated sundries. The first cleaning port 82 and the second cleaning port 411 are arranged close to the third side wall 13, and a washing door is arranged on the third side wall 13 to facilitate cleaning of the sundries generated by the washing tower 8 and the quenching tower 41.

[0107] The movable biomass treatment equipment has a clever structure design and high modularization degree, the pyrolysis furnace and the cooling device and other devices for extracting humic acid through pyrolysis are all integrated in the box body of the container, transportation is facilitated, and biomass treatment can be performed at any time and anywhere; in addition, the lifting legs arranged around the box body greatly facilitate loading and unloading of the equipment, and the convenience of use of the equipment is improved; in addition, the present application is more suitable for pyrolysis treatment of biomass organic matter. Through temperature, time and air volume control, the pyrolysis process directly generates humic acid products through condensation and sedimentation, greatly shortening the production time of humic acid products, not only widening the use of biomass pyrolysis, but also solving the industry problem of low price-to-performance ratio of biomass pyrolysis.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing examples, those skilled in the art should understand that: it can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing examples, or make equivalent replacement for part of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A biomass pyrolysis process, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: S1, after the biomass is crushed and processed, pyrolysis is carried out in a pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass is 350-600 DEG C, the pyrolysis reaction time is 1-3 s, pyrolysis gas is generated, and the pyrolysis process is supplied with oxygen by a fan; S2, the pyrolysis gas generated in step S1 is filtered and dusted, then enters a first cooling module to condense, and is separated into bio-oil and black humic acid after being cooled to 90-130 DEG C; S3, the pyrolysis gas not condensed in step S2 is continuously condensed in a second cooling module, and is separated into brown humic acid after being cooled to 50-100 DEG C; S4, the pyrolysis gas not condensed in step S3 is continuously condensed in a third cooling module, and is separated into yellow humic acid after being cooled to below 60 DEG C.

2. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 wherein, It also comprises step S5: after the yellow humic acid is separated, part of the uncondensed pyrolysis gas is separated out, is sprayed and dusted, and is discharged; the remaining part is returned to the pyrolysis furnace of step S1.

3. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 wherein, The biochar generated after the pyrolysis treatment of step S1 and the ash filtered in step S2 are collected together.

4. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 wherein, In the crushing and processing process of step S1, the biomass slag is dusted, the dust sucked is blown into the pyrolysis furnace again, and / or the dusted slag is washed and discharged.

5. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 wherein, The first cooling module adopts spray cooling, and the bio-oil and the black humic acid, the brown humic acid and the yellow humic acid separated in steps S2, S3 and S4 are used as the cooling medium in the first cooling module; the second cooling module and the third cooling module adopt normal temperature water heat exchange cooling.

6. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 wherein, The first cooling module, the second cooling module and the third cooling module all adopt normal temperature water heat exchange cooling.

7. The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 1 wherein, The pyrolysis furnace is a horizontal reaction furnace.

8. A mobile biomass processing plant employing a biomass pyrolysis process as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that, It comprises a movable box, an equipment room is arranged in the box, a pyrolysis furnace is arranged in the equipment room, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a feeding port, an ash discharge port, an exhaust port and an air inlet port, the feeding port is connected with a feeding module, the ash discharge port is connected with an ash collection module, the exhaust port is connected with a dust collector, the dust collector is connected with a cooling device, the cooling device comprises a bio-oil and humic acid outlet, the bio-oil and humic acid outlet is connected with a storage device, and the cooling device can condense the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace to generate bio-oil and humic acid.

9. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The pyrolysis furnace comprises a pyrolysis chamber, an upper end of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a feeding port, a lower end of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with an ash discharge port, and the feeding port and the ash discharge port are arranged at two ends in the length direction of the pyrolysis chamber; an inlet channel, a combustion channel and an ash discharge channel are sequentially and connected from top to bottom in the pyrolysis chamber, conveying assemblies are arranged in the inlet channel, the combustion channel and the ash discharge channel, the feeding port is connected with the inlet channel, and the ash discharge port is connected with the ash discharge channel; one end of the combustion channel is provided with an exhaust port, an air inlet port is arranged on the side wall of the other end of the combustion channel, and the air inlet port can provide oxygen for the combustion channel; the biomass to be pyrolyzed can enter the inlet channel through the feeding port and be transmitted to the combustion channel for combustion, the biochar after combustion enters the ash discharge channel and is discharged through the ash discharge port, and the biomass pyrolysis gas generated by combustion is discharged through the exhaust port.

10. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The circulating fan is provided in the box body, an air inlet of the circulating fan is connected with the cooling device, and an air outlet of the circulating fan is connected with the pyrolysis gas pipeline, the pyrolysis gas pipeline is connected with the cleaning tower and the pyrolysis furnace respectively, and an adjusting valve is arranged on the pyrolysis gas pipeline, so that the proportion of the gas delivered into the cleaning tower and the pyrolysis furnace can be adjusted.

11. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The feeding module comprises a bin and a feeder in communication, and the feeder can quantitatively and uniformly deliver the biomass in the bin to the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace.

12. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 8, wherein, A plurality of liftable supporting legs are arranged around the box body, and the box body can be conveniently loaded and unloaded relative to the vehicle through the extension and retraction of the supporting legs.

13. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 8, wherein, A control room is arranged in the box body, and a heat insulation wall is arranged between the control room and the equipment room.

14. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 12, wherein, The box body comprises a first side wall, a second side wall, a third side wall, a fourth side wall, a bottom plate and a top plate in communication; the pyrolysis furnace is arranged on a side of the equipment room away from the control room, the length direction of the pyrolysis furnace is perpendicular to the length direction of the box body, the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace is arranged at a position close to the second side wall, the ash discharge port is arranged at a position close to the fourth side wall, the feeding module is arranged at a position close to the first side wall and the second side wall and is in communication with the first side wall, and the cinder collection module is arranged at a position close to the first side wall and the fourth side wall and is in communication with the first side wall.

15. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The cooling device comprises a separator, the separator contains cooling liquid, a separation pipeline is arranged in the separator, the upper end of the separation pipeline is a gas inlet of the separator, the lower end of the separation pipeline is a gas outlet of the separator, the gas inlet of the separator is connected with the pyrolysis gas outlet of the quenching tower, and the separator can separate and cool the uncondensed pyrolysis gas in the quenching tower.

16. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 14, wherein, A plurality of liquid discharge pipes are arranged in the separation pipeline from top to bottom, the plurality of liquid discharge pipes are connected with a liquid collecting pipe, the liquid collecting pipe is connected with the first product tank, and a valve is arranged on each liquid discharge pipe.

17. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 14, wherein, The separator is connected with the quenching tower, the quenching tower comprises a quenching tower pyrolysis gas inlet, a quenching tower pyrolysis gas outlet and a quenching tower liquid outlet at the bottom of the quenching tower, the quenching tower pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis furnace, the quenching tower pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the gas inlet of the separator, the pyrolysis gas is sprayed and condensed in the quenching tower to produce black humic acid, the black humic acid flows to the bottom of the quenching tower for storage under the action of gravity and can be discharged through the quenching tower liquid outlet, the bottom of the quenching tower is connected with the first circulating pump, the first circulating pump is connected with a spraying mechanism in the upper part of the quenching tower, and the first circulating pump can use the black humic acid stored in the bottom of the quenching tower as the cooling medium of the quenching tower.

18. The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 8, wherein, A dust removal fan is arranged in the box body, an air inlet of the dust removal fan is arranged above the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace, an air outlet of the dust removal fan is connected with the air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, and the dust removal fan can absorb the dust generated when the feeding module delivers the biomass debris into the pyrolysis furnace and deliver the dust into the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, and oxygen is provided for the pyrolysis of the biomass in the pyrolysis furnace.

19. [Entry into the application (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] A biomass pyrolysis process, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1, after the biomass is crushed, the biomass is pyrolyzed in the pyrolysis furnace, the pyrolysis temperature of the biomass is 450-600 DEG C, the pyrolysis reaction time is 1-3 s, pyrolysis gas is generated, and the pyrolysis process is supplied with oxygen by the fan. S2, the pyrolysis gas generated in step S1 is filtered to remove dust and then enters a first cooling module to condense, and is quenched to 90-130℃ to separate black humic acid; S3, the pyrolysis gas not condensed in step S2 continues to condense in a second cooling module, and is cooled to 50-100℃ to separate brown humic acid; S4, the pyrolysis gas not condensed in step S3 continues to condense in a third cooling module, and is cooled to below 60℃ to separate yellow humic acid.

20. [Rule 20.6] The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 19, wherein, S5, after the yellow humic acid is separated, part of the uncondensed pyrolysis gas is discharged after being sprayed and dusted, and the remaining part is returned to the pyrolysis furnace in step S1.

21. [Rule 20.6] The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 19, wherein, The ash after the pyrolysis treatment in step S1 and the ash after the filtration in step S2 are collected and granulated to prepare a fertilizer.

22. [Entry into the record (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 19, wherein, In the crushing process of the biomass in step S1, the biomass slag is dusted, and the dust is blown into the pyrolysis furnace again and / or washed and discharged after dusting.

23. [Entry into the application (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 19, wherein, The first cooling module uses spray cooling, and the black humic acid, brown humic acid and yellow humic acid separated in steps S2, S3 and S4 are used as cooling media in the first cooling module; the second cooling module and the third cooling module use normal temperature water heat exchange cooling.

24. [Entry into the record (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 19, wherein, The first cooling module, the second cooling module and the third cooling module all use normal temperature water for heat exchange cooling.

25. [Entry into the record (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The biomass pyrolysis process of claim 19, wherein, The pyrolysis furnace is a horizontal reaction furnace.

26. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] A mobile biomass processing plant employing a biomass pyrolysis process as claimed in any one of claims 19 to 25, characterised in that, It comprises a movable box, an equipment room is arranged in the box, a pyrolysis furnace is arranged in the equipment room, the pyrolysis furnace comprises a feeding port, an ash discharge port, an exhaust port and an air inlet port, the feeding port is connected with a feeding module, the ash discharge port is connected with an ash collection module, the exhaust port is connected with a dust collector, the dust collector is connected with a cooling device, the cooling device comprises a humic acid outlet, the humic acid outlet is connected with a humic acid storage device, and the cooling device can condense the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis furnace to produce humic acid.

27. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 26, wherein, A circulating fan is arranged in the box, an air inlet of the circulating fan is connected with the cooling device, an air outlet of the circulating fan is connected with a pyrolysis gas pipeline, the pyrolysis gas pipeline is connected with a washing tower and the pyrolysis furnace respectively, and an adjusting valve is arranged on the pyrolysis gas pipeline, so that the proportion of the gas delivered into the washing tower and the pyrolysis furnace can be adjusted.

28. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 26, wherein, The feeding module comprises a stock bin and a feeder which are connected in communication, and the feeder can quantitatively and uniformly deliver the biomass in the stock bin into the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace.

29. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 26, wherein, A plurality of liftable supporting legs are arranged around the box, and the box can be conveniently loaded and unloaded relative to a vehicle through the extension and retraction of the supporting legs.

30. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 26, wherein, A control room is arranged in the box, and a heat insulation wall is arranged between the control room and the equipment room.

31. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 30, wherein, The box comprises a first side wall, a second side wall, a third side wall, a fourth side wall, a bottom plate and a top plate which are connected in series, the pyrolysis furnace is arranged in the equipment room away from the control room, the length direction of the pyrolysis furnace is perpendicular to the length direction of the box, the feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace is arranged at a position close to the second side wall, the ash discharge port is arranged at a position close to the fourth side wall, the feeding module is arranged at a position close to the included angle between the first side wall and the second side wall and is connected in communication with the first side wall, and the ash collection module is arranged at a position close to the included angle between the first side wall and the fourth side wall and is connected in communication with the first side wall.

32. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 26, wherein, The cooling device comprises a separator, the separator is internally provided with a cooling liquid, the separator is internally provided with a separation pipeline, an upper end of the separation pipeline is a separator gas inlet, a lower end of the separation pipeline is a separator gas outlet, the separator gas inlet of the separator is connected with a pyrolysis gas outlet of the quenching tower, and the separator can separate and cool the uncondensed pyrolysis gas in the quenching tower.

33. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 32, wherein, The separation pipeline is provided with a plurality of liquid discharge pipes from top to bottom, the plurality of liquid discharge pipes are connected with a liquid collecting pipe, the liquid collecting pipe is connected with a first finished product tank, and a valve is arranged on each liquid discharge pipe.

34. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 32, wherein, The separator is connected with the quenching tower, the quenching tower comprises a quenching tower pyrolysis gas inlet, a quenching tower pyrolysis gas outlet and a quenching tower liquid outlet at the bottom of the quenching tower, the quenching tower pyrolysis gas inlet is connected with the pyrolysis furnace, the quenching tower pyrolysis gas outlet is connected with the separator gas inlet, the pyrolysis gas is subjected to spray condensation in the quenching tower to generate black humic acid, the black humic acid flows to the bottom of the quenching tower for storage under the action of gravity and can be discharged through the quenching tower liquid outlet, the bottom of the quenching tower is connected with a first circulating pump, the first circulating pump is connected with a spraying mechanism in the upper part of the quenching tower, and the first circulating pump can use the black humic acid stored in the bottom of the quenching tower as a cooling medium of the quenching tower.

35. [incorporated by reference (Rule 20.6) 07.07.2025] The mobile biomass processing apparatus of claim 26, wherein, A dust removal fan is arranged in the box, an air inlet of the dust removal fan is arranged above a feeding port of the pyrolysis furnace, an air outlet of the dust removal fan is connected with an air inlet of the pyrolysis furnace, the dust removal fan can absorb dust generated when the feeding module conveys the biomass slag to the pyrolysis furnace and convey the dust into the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis, and oxygen is provided for the pyrolysis of the biomass in the pyrolysis furnace.

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