Inverter and mobile energy supply system having same

Abstract

The invention relates to an inverter (1) for mobile energy supply systems (34), comprising a shore power input (3) for connecting the inverter (1) to a shore power supply (2), a permanent-magnet generator input (5) for connecting the inverter (1) to a permanent-magnet generator (4), a battery input (9) for connecting the inverter (1) to a battery (8), and a primary output (7) for connecting the inverter (1) to an on-board electrical system (6), wherein the primary output (7) can optionally be connected to the shore power input (3) and / or to the permanent-magnet generator input (5) and / or to the battery input (9), wherein the shore power input (3) has an assigned switching means for switching the shore power input (3), the battery input (9) has an assigned DC / DC converter (16) for converting a DC battery voltage and the permanent-magnet generator (4) has an assigned diode rectifier (14) for providing a DC generator voltage, the diode rectifier (14) and the DC / DC converter (16) being connected to the primary output (7) via a common AC / DC converter module (33), and the common AC / DC converter module (33) providing a common DC link (15), a common IGBT H-bridge (17), a common output filter (18) and a common EMC filter (19). The invention furthermore relates to a mobile energy supply system (34) having an inverter (1) of this type.

Description

[0001] Inverter and mobile energy supply system herewith

[0002] The invention relates to an inverter for mobile power supply systems comprising a shore power input for connecting the inverter to a shore power supply, a permanent magnet generator input for connecting the inverter to a permanent magnet generator, a battery input for connecting the inverter to a battery, and a primary output for connecting the inverter to an on-board electrical system, wherein the primary output can be selectively connected to the shore power input and / or the permanent magnet generator input and / or the battery input, and wherein the shore power input is associated with a switching device for switching the shore power input, the battery input with a DC / DC converter for converting a battery DC voltage, and the permanent magnet generator with a diode rectifier for providing a generator DC voltage. The invention further relates to a mobile power supply system.

[0003] Inverters for mobile power supply systems, used for example on boats, in mobile sales stands, or in commercial vehicles for mobile, decentralized power supply, are typically configured today to provide energy stored in a battery as needed. The inverter usually uses a transformer as a low-frequency converter (LF converter) for this purpose. In addition, a shore power input is provided for connecting the inverter to a shore power supply, as well as an AC generator input for connecting the inverter to an internal combustion engine-driven AC generator. If the mobile power supply system also includes a permanent magnet generator, this has its own separate inverter.

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a functionally and / or cost-optimized inverter and a mobile energy supply system.

[0005] To solve the problem, the invention in conjunction with the preamble of claim 1 is characterized in that the diode rectifier and the DC / DC converter are connected to the primary output of the vehicle electrical system via a common AC / DC converter module, wherein the common AC / DC converter module provides a common DC intermediate circuit, a common IGBT H-bridge (IGBT: insulated-gate bipolar transistor), a common output filter and a common EMC filter.

[0006] The particular advantage of the invention lies in the fact that the use of a single, shared AC / DC converter module provides a very compact inverter that can be connected to both a battery and a permanent magnet generator simultaneously. Furthermore, the AC / DC converter module can be used to charge the battery, for example, with shore power supplied via the shore power connection. By reusing the single AC / DC converter module, essential inverter components can be used for both operating the permanent magnet generator and the battery. This reduces costs, weight, and installation space requirements, which has a positive impact on sales. Moreover, the reduction in weight and installation space offers functional advantages, especially in mobile applications, where space is limited and the permissible payload is typically restricted.The common AC / DC converter module functions as a bidirectional converter module, which converts alternating current to direct current or direct current to alternating current depending on the direction of the energy flow.

[0007] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the inverter additionally provides an AC generator input for connecting an AC generator. Like the shore power input, the AC generator input is connected to the inverter's on-board power output. Advantageously, the additional AC generator input allows an existing AC generator to be connected to the inverter according to the invention and continue operating. The inverter according to the invention is therefore also suitable for retrofitting or upgrading existing mobile energy systems. This does not necessarily require the complete replacement of the power supply system. For example, an existing AC generator can continue to be operated and used, whereas the purchase of a permanent magnet generator is not mandatory or not required immediately.The AC generator can be connected to the inverter either instead of or in addition to the permanent magnet generator. If the inverter has an AC generator input, this will be provided in addition to the permanent magnet generator input. Therefore, the inverter always includes a permanent magnet generator input, while the AC generator input is optional.

[0008] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the primary output of the inverter to the vehicle electrical system is implemented as a switchable primary output. Because the primary output is switchable, the vehicle electrical system can be disconnected from the inverter and the power supply if necessary. However, it is still possible to charge the battery of the mobile power supply system, since the battery is not connected to the inverter via the switchable primary output.

[0009] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the shore power input and / or the AC generator input are connected to the battery via the common AC / DC converter module. To charge the battery, the AC / DC converter module functions as a power factor correction module. It therefore converts the alternating voltage supplied by the AC generator or the shore power supply into direct voltage and then charges the battery via the DC / DC converter associated with the battery input.

[0010] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the DC / DC converter associated with the battery input includes a high-frequency converter (HF converter). Advantageously, an HF converter is smaller than a low-frequency transformer (LF converter) while offering comparable performance parameters. Furthermore, it can be implemented cost-effectively. The HF converter is advantageously operated at approximately 100 kHz.

[0011] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a B6 bridge is provided as a diode rectifier for the permanent magnet generator input. The B6 bridge offers a cost-effective way to rectify the three-phase AC voltage of the permanent magnet generator and provide it on the input side of the common AC / DC converter module.

[0012] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, an additional switchable second output (secondary output) is provided to the vehicle electrical system in parallel with the vehicle electrical system output. A contactor or, preferably, a relay is used, for example, to switch the secondary output. Advantageously, by providing the switchable secondary output, an electrical load connected to the switchable secondary output can be disconnected from the power supply if necessary. For example, an air conditioner, which typically has very high energy consumption, can be connected to the switchable secondary output of the inverter and thus deactivated if necessary, without impairing the function or deactivating the other loads connected to the inverter's separately supplied primary output.

[0013] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in addition to the battery, a solar panel and / or a wind turbine and / or an alternator of an internal combustion engine provided on board the boat or in the commercial vehicle can be connected via the battery input. The battery can be charged via the solar panel, the wind turbine, and / or the alternator. Alternatively, the additional energy provided can be fed into the vehicle's electrical system via the inverter. To solve this problem, the invention provides the features of claim 10. The mobile energy supply system described therein comprises the inverter according to the invention, as well as a battery connected to the battery input of the inverter, a permanent magnet generator connected to the permanent magnet generator input of the inverter, and the vehicle's electrical system.Optionally, the inverter can be connected to the shore power supply via the shore power input and / or an AC generator can be connected to an AC generator input of the inverter. Additionally, the inverter can be connected to a solar panel, a wind turbine, or an alternator via the battery input to utilize further, and preferably renewable, energy sources.

[0014] The inverter according to the invention can, for example, be operated in a 50 Hz or 60 Hz environment at 120 V or 230 V AC voltage, respectively. The battery can have a nominal voltage of, for example, 12 V, 24 V, and / or 48 V. By using the variable-speed permanent magnet generator, it is possible to meet the energy demand as required and to consistently achieve high efficiency. The power loss of the mobile energy supply system according to the invention is therefore low.

[0015] Further advantages, features, and details of the inverter and mobile power supply system according to the invention can be found in the dependent claims and the following description. Features mentioned therein can be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. Thus, the disclosure relating to the individual aspects of the invention can always be referenced reciprocally. The drawings serve only as examples to clarify the invention and are not intended to be limiting.

[0016] Figure 1 shows a block diagram of a mobile power supply system in a first embodiment with an inverter in a first configuration.

[0017] Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the inverter according to Fig. 1.

[0018] Fig. 3 shows a block diagram of the inverter in a second configuration,

[0019] Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of the mobile power supply system in a second embodiment with the inverter in a third configuration,

[0020] Fig. 5 shows a block diagram of the inverter in the third configuration according to Fig. 4.

[0021] Fig. 6 shows a block diagram of a DC / DC converter of the inverter and

[0022] Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a diode rectifier of the inverter.

[0023] Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of a mobile power supply system 34 with an inverter 1 in a first configuration. The inverter 1 has a shore power input 3, a permanent magnet generator input 5, a battery input 9, and a primary output 7, via which the inverter 1 is connected to an on-board electrical system 6. The inverter 1 is connected to a shore power supply 2 via the shore power input 3. A permanent magnet generator 4 is connected to the permanent magnet generator input 5. The inverter 1 is also connected to a battery 8 via the battery input 9.

[0024] To operate an electrical load in the on-board electrical system 6, energy stored in the battery 8 can be supplied to the on-board electrical system 6 via the inverter 1 at the primary output 7. The on-board electrical system 6 can also be supplied with shore power from the shore power supply 2 or draw energy from the permanent magnet generator 4. The energy for the on-board electrical system 6 does not have to be supplied from a single source, i.e., not solely from the battery 8, the permanent magnet generator 4, or the shore power supply 2. Partial amounts of energy can be drawn from different energy sources. It is also possible to supply different loads from a single energy source. For example, the shore power supply 2 can be used to simultaneously supply energy to the on-board electrical system 6 and charge the battery 8.

[0025] Inverter 1 is shown in detail in Fig. 2. Inverter 1 offers the possibility of connecting the shore power input 3 to the primary output 7 for the on-board electrical system 6 via a contactor 20. Energy drawn from the battery 8 can be supplied to the primary output 7 of inverter 1 via the battery input 9 and a DC / DC converter 16 of inverter 1, as well as an AC / DC converter module 33 of inverter 1. Furthermore, the permanent magnet generator input 5 of inverter 1 can be connected to the primary output 7 via a diode rectifier 14 of inverter 1 and the AC / DC converter module 33.The AC / DC converter module 33 is designed as a common AC / DC converter module 33, which is connected to the diode rectifier 14 and the DC / DC converter 16 and interacts with the permanent magnet generator 4 via the permanent magnet generator input 5 and with the battery 8 via the battery input 9.

[0026] The primary output 7, via which the vehicle electrical system 6 is connected to the inverter 1, is implemented as an exemplary switchable primary output 7. A contactor 35 is used here to switch the primary output 7.

[0027] By making the primary output 7 switchable, the onboard electrical system 6 can be disconnected from the inverter 1 and any power source, for example, when the power supply system 34 is not in operation for an extended period. This disconnection can be useful, for instance, when a boat is being moved to winter storage, is lying unused in the harbor for a long time, or a mobile sales stand is not in use for an extended period. The battery 8 of the power supply system 34 can still be charged via the AC / DC converter module 33. The combined AC / DC converter module 33 includes a DC link 15 connected to the diode rectifier 14 and the DC / DC converter 16, an IGBT H-bridge 17, an output filter 18 for smoothing the signal applied to the output side of the IGBT H-bridge 17, and an EMC filter 19.The common AC / DC converter module 33 is used to provide energy supplied by the permanent magnet generator 4 via the diode rectifier 14 and / or by the battery 8 via the DC / DC converter 16 as required at the primary output 7 of the inverter 1.

[0028] The common AC / DC converter module 33 of the inverter 1 can be operated in reverse and serve as a power factor correction module to feed energy into the battery 8 via the shore power supply 2 and the shore power input 3. It therefore operates bidirectionally.

[0029] Fig. 3 shows a second configuration of the inverter 1. In this configuration, in addition to the switchable primary output 7 for the vehicle electrical system 6, the inverter 1 also provides a switchable second output (secondary output 24). The secondary output 24 includes a relay 23 for this purpose. It serves, for example, to connect an air conditioner or other high-energy consumers, which can be selectively and as needed deactivated without affecting the electrical consumers of the vehicle electrical system 6 connected to the primary output 7 by deactivating the switchable secondary output 24.

[0030] Otherwise, the second configuration of inverter 1 corresponds to the first configuration.

[0031] A second embodiment of the mobile power supply system 34 is shown in Fig. 4. This second embodiment of the mobile power supply system 34 provides the inverter 1 in a third configuration. The vehicle electrical system 6 is connected to the inverter 1 via the primary output 7, the shore power supply 2 via the shore power input 3, the permanent magnet generator 4 via the permanent magnet generator input 5, and the battery 8 via the battery input 9, as described above. In addition, the inverter 1 in this third configuration has an AC generator input 22, to which an AC generator 10 is connected. Furthermore, in addition to the battery 8, an alternator 11, a solar panel 12, and a wind turbine 13 are connected to the battery input 9 of the inverter 1.

[0032] Fig. 5 shows the basic structure of the inverter 1 in the third configuration. It includes the shore power input 3 with the contactor 20, the primary output 7, the battery input 9, and the permanent magnet generator input 5, as well as the diode rectifier 14, the DC / DC converter 16, and the common AC / DC converter module 33 as internal components. Additionally, the inverter 1 in the third configuration has the AC generator input 22 and a further contactor 21 associated with the AC generator input 22. The AC generator input 22 is connected via the further contactor 21 to the primary output 7 on the one hand and to the EMC filter 19 of the common AC / DC converter module 33 on the other. Energy can thus be fed into the vehicle electrical system 6 via the AC generator 10 or the battery 8 of the mobile power supply system 34 can be charged.The common AC / DC converter module 33 is operated in reverse as a power factor correction module when charging the battery 8 by the AC generator 10 as well as when charging the battery 8 via the shore power supply 2.

[0033] Fig. 6 shows an exemplary implementation of the DC / DC converter 16, which is assigned to the battery input 9 and arranged between the battery input 9 on the one hand and the common AC / DC converter module 33 on the other, and which is designed as an RF converter. The DC / DC converter 16 includes, by way of example, a DC intermediate circuit 25, which serves for intermediate energy storage, a push-pull converter 26 for high-frequency chopping of the DC voltage at, for example, 100 kHz, a voltage converter 27 for stepping up the voltage when the battery is discharged or stepping down the voltage when the battery is charged with a turns ratio of, for example, 1:20, and an H-bridge 28 for rectifying the high-frequency AC voltage applied to the output side of the voltage converter 27 into a DC voltage of, for example, approximately 400 V.The push-pull converter 26, the voltage converter 27, and the H-bridge 28 together form a so-called phase-shift full bridge. On the output side, the H-bridge 28 is connected to the DC link 15 of the common AC / DC converter module 33. In the present embodiment of the invention, the DC / DC converter 16 is implemented as a bidirectional phase-shift full bridge with synchronous rectification. When operated as a buck converter, the H-bridge 28 operates as a phase-shift full bridge, and the push-pull converter 26 as a synchronous rectifier. In the other direction, the DC / DC converter 16 acts as a boost converter. The push-pull converter 26 functions as a current-fed push-pull converter, and the freewheeling diodes of the H-bridge 28 act as rectifiers.

[0034] A possible configuration of the diode rectifier 14 associated with the permanent magnet generator input 5 is shown by way of example in Fig. 7.

[0035] Diode rectifier 14 comprises a total of six diodes 30 arranged in pairs in three bridge arms 31.1, 31.2, 31.3. It is thus implemented as a B6 bridge. Three phase conductors 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 of the permanent magnet generator input 5 are connected to three midpoints 32.1, 32.2, 32.3 of the bridge arms 31.1, 31.2, 31.3. The output of the diode rectifier 14 then provides a rectified voltage typically in the range of 380 to 420 V. This output voltage of the diode rectifier 14 simultaneously forms the input voltage for the DC link 15 of the common AC / DC converter module 33.

[0036] The diode rectifier 14 shown in Fig. 7 is inexpensive to implement and sufficient for the rather limited speed range of numerous permanent magnet generators in the low to medium power range. If a wider speed range or a permanent magnet generator with a high power range is used, an active rectifier can be used instead of the B6 bridge with the diodes 30, which incorporates IGBTs or other switches instead of the diodes 30.

[0037] The exemplary implementation of the diode rectifier 14 and the DC / DC converter 16 can be used for the inverter 1 in the first, second, and third configurations. Furthermore, the AC generator input 22 (third inverter configuration) and the switchable secondary output 24 of the inverter 1 (second inverter configuration) can be implemented together. The alternator 11, the solar panel 12, and the wind turbine 13 (third inverter configuration) can also be connected to the inverter 1 in the first configuration according to Fig. 2 or, in the second configuration according to Fig. 3, to the inverter 1 via the battery input 9. The primary output 7 is implemented as a switchable primary output 7 only as an example. A switching device (here: contactor 35) for the primary output 7 is not required; the primary output 7 can therefore be permanently connected.

[0038] The mobile power supply network can be designed for, for example, 120 V AC or 230 V AC at 50 Hz or 60 Hz. For example, the mobile power supply system can be cascaded to provide two 120 V / 240 V at 60 Hz or three 230 V / 400 V at 50 Hz. Battery 8 can be implemented as a 12 V, 24 V, or 48 V battery, based on its nominal voltage.

[0039] Identical components and component functions are identified by the same reference numerals.

[0040] Reference symbol list

[0041] 1 inverter

[0042] 2 Shore power supply

[0043] 3 Shore power input

[0044] 4 Permanent magnet generator

[0045] 5 permanent magnet generator input

[0046] 5.1 Phase conductor

[0047] 5.2 Phase conductor

[0048] 5.3 Phase conductor

[0049] 6 On-board electrical system

[0050] 7 Primary output

[0051] 8 batteries

[0052] 9 Battery input

[0053] 10 AC generator

[0054] 11 Alternator

[0055] 12 solar panels

[0056] 13 Wind turbine

[0057] 14 diode rectifiers

[0058] 15 DC intermediate circuit

[0059] 16 DC / DC converters

[0060] 17 IGBT-H bridge

[0061] 18 output filters

[0062] 19 EMC filters

[0063] 20 Schütz

[0064] 21 Schütz

[0065] 22 AC generator input

[0066] 23 relays

[0067] 24 Secondary output

[0068] 25 DC intermediate circuit

[0069] 26 push-pull converters

[0070] 27 Voltage converter H-bridge

[0071] supply line

[0072] diode

[0073] Bridge branch

[0074] Bridge branch

[0075] Bridge branch

[0076] center

[0077] center

[0078] Central component: common AC / DC converter module, mobile power supply system, contactor

Claims

Patent claims 1. Inverter (1) for mobile power supply systems (34) comprising a shore power input (3) for connecting the inverter (1) to a shore power supply (2), a permanent magnet generator input (5) for connecting the inverter (1) to a permanent magnet generator (4), a battery input (9) for connecting the inverter (1) to a battery (8), and a primary output (7) for connecting the inverter (1) to an on-board power supply (6), wherein the primary output (7) can be selectively connected to the shore power input (3) and / or the permanent magnet generator input (5) and / or the battery input (9), wherein the shore power input (3) is associated with a switching device for switching the shore power input (3), the battery input (9) with a DC / DC converter (16) for converting a battery DC voltage, and the permanent magnet generator (4) with a diode rectifier (14) for providing a generator DC voltage, characterized in thatthat the diode rectifier (14) and the DC / DC converter (16) are connected to the primary output (7) via a common AC / DC converter module (33), wherein the common AC / DC converter module (33) provides a common DC intermediate circuit (15), a common IGBT H-bridge (17), a common output filter (18) and a common EMC filter (19).

2. Inverter (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that an AC generator input (22) connectable to the primary output (7) for the vehicle electrical system (6) It is intended for connecting an AC generator (10) to the inverter (1).

3. Inverter (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shore power input (3) and / or the AC generator (10) can be connected to the battery (8) via the common AC / DC converter module (33) for charging the same.

4. Inverter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the DC / DC converter (16) of the battery input (9) provides an RF converter.

5. Inverter (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that the RF converter of the DC / DC converter (16) is operable at 100 ± 20 kHz.

6. Inverter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a B6 bridge is provided as a diode rectifier (14) for the permanent magnet generator input (5).

7. Inverter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that a switchable second output is provided in parallel to the primary output (7) as a secondary output (24) to the vehicle electrical system (6), wherein a relay (23) is provided for switching the secondary output (24), and / or that the primary output (7) is designed as a switchable primary output (7).

8. Inverter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the shore power input (3) and / or the AC generator input (22) are implemented in a switchable manner, wherein a contactor (20, 21) is preferably assigned as a switching means to the shore power input (3) and / or the AC generator input (22).

9. Inverter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a solar panel (12) and / or a wind turbine (13) and / or an alternator (11) can be connected to the inverter (1) via the battery input (9) in addition to the battery (8).

0. Mobile power supply system (34) comprising an inverter (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, a battery (8) connected to the battery input (9) of the inverter (1), a permanent magnet generator input (5) of the inverter (1) connected permanent magnet generator (4) and an on-board electrical system (6) and optionally a shore power supply (2) connected to the shore power input (3) of the inverter (1) and / or an AC generator (10) connected to an AC generator input (22) of the inverter (1) and / or a solar panel (12) connected via the battery input (9) of the inverter (1) and / or a wind turbine (13) connected via the battery input (9) of the inverter (1) and / or an alternator (11) connected via the battery input (9) of the inverter (1).

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