Optical compensation films with improved wavelength dispersion

Abstract

Optical compensation films are widely adopted in flat panel displays. Wavelength dispersion of retardation of optical compensation films is one of the critical parameters impacting the performance of displays. Compensation films with reverse dispersion, of which the retardation increases along with light wavelength increasing, is always desired. However, current compensation films can't fully meet the requirement of reverse dispersion, especially for long wavelength light (λ> 550 nm). This application discloses compensation films comprising resins and additives with selective light absorption properties with good reverse dispersion for long wavelength light. The compensation films exhibit an R th (650 / 550) > 1.0.

Description

[0001]OPTICAL COMPENSATION FILMS WITH IMPROVED WAVELENGTH DISPERSION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Displays are important in people’s daily lives. Optical compensation films are widely used to improve viewing quality of displays. For example, optical compensation films are widely adopted to suppress light leakage in liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and to suppress ambient light reflection in organic light emitting diode (OLED) displays. Among different optical compensation films, C+ compensation films are widely used for different displays including LCD and OLED displays. C+ compensation films have positive Rth (defined in equation (2)) while Re is close to 0 (defined in equation (1)). Rthof C+ compensations films is dependent on wavelength of light, which is called wavelength dispersion of retardation and critically impacts the effectiveness of C+ films. Flat dispersion means retardation doesn’t change versus wavelength of light, normal dispersion means retardation is getting smaller at longer wavelength, and reverse dispersion means retardation is getting larger at longer wavelength. C+ compensation films with reverse wavelength dispersion of birefringence and retardation provides better color and contrast ratio compared to flat wavelength dispersion and normal wavelength dispersion. Therefore, C+ compensation films with reverse dispersion are desired. Nowadays, there aren’t many C+ compensation films with reverse dispersion. In addition, even those C+ compensation films with reverse dispersion show good reverse dispersion only in short light wavelength but not good enough in long wavelength: of those C+ compensation films can be close to ideal dispersion (0.80 – 0.85), but ^^௧^ of those C+ compensation films is not close to ideal dispersion ( 1.12 – 1.20). Therefore, there is still need for C+ compensation products with improved wavelength dispersion in long wavelength with ^^௧^ close to ideal dispersion. 1   are defined in equation (3), equation (4), equation (5) and equation (6) respectively. Where ^^௫, ^^௬and ^^௭are refractive indices along x, y and z direction, d is film thickness, ^^^^^450^^^^^, ^^^^^550^^^^^ and ^^^^^650^^^^^ are in-plane retardation at 450nm, 550nm and 650nm respectively, ^^௧^^450^^^^^, ^^௧^^550^^^^^ and ^^௧^^650^^^^^ are out-of-plane retardation at 450nm, 550nm and 650nm respectively. Where x, y and z are slow axis direction in the film plane, fast axis direction in the film plane, and film thickness direction out of the film plane, respectively. In this invention, the inventors invented optical compensation films with good reverse dispersion in long wavelength. The optical compensation films have SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present application discloses a film, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: 2   (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent; or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β- trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β- fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, or combinations thereof; the component A is a chemical that absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm; the film exhibits an out-of-plane retardation as measured at 589nm [“Rth(589nm)”] that is greater than 0.01 nm, the film exhibits a ratio of the Rth(589nm) and the thickness of the film (“d”) in nm [“Rth(589nm) / d”] that is greater than 0.001, the film exhibits a ratio of the out-of-plane retardation as measured at 650nm and the out-of-plane retardation as measured at 550nm [“Rth(650nm) / Rth(550nm)”] that is greater than 1.0. The present application discloses a composition, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent, or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β- trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β- fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, or combinations thereof; the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm. The present application also discloses pellets, dopes, melts, and various articles comprising the compositions disclosed herein. 4   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the invention, and to the Examples included therein. Before the present compositions of matter and methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to specific synthetic methods or to particular formulations, unless otherwise indicated, and, as such, may vary from the disclosure. It is also to be understood that the terminology used is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Definitions Optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstances may or may not occur. The description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur. Each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Further, the ranges stated in this disclosure and the claims are intended to include the entire range specifically and not just the endpoint(s). For example, a range stated to be 0 to 10 is intended to disclose all whole numbers between 0 and 10 such as, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., all fractional numbers between 0 and 10, for example 1.5, 2.3, 4.57, 6.1113, etc., and the endpoints 0 and 10. Also, a range associated with chemical substituent groups such as, for example, “C1to C5hydrocarbons”, is intended to specifically include and disclose C1and C5hydrocarbons as well as C2, C3, and C4 hydrocarbons. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily 5   resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include their plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference a “film,” or a “polarizer,” is intended to include the processing or making of a plurality of films, or polarizers. References to a composition containing or including “an” additive or “a” catalyst is intended to include other ingredients or other additives or other catalysts, respectively, in addition to the one named. By “comprising” or “containing” or “including” we mean that at least the named compound, element, particle, or method step, etc., is present in the composition or article or method, but does not exclude the presence of other compounds, catalysts, materials, particles, method steps, etc, even if the other such compounds, material, particles, method steps, etc., have the same function as what is named, unless expressly excluded in the claims. It is also to be understood that the mention of one or more method steps does not preclude the presence of additional method steps before or after the combined recited steps or intervening method steps between those steps expressly identified. Moreover, the lettering of process steps or ingredients is a convenient means for identifying discrete activities or ingredients and the recited lettering can be arranged in any sequence, unless otherwise indicated. Throughout this application, where patents or publications are referenced, the disclosures of these references in their entireties are intended to be incorporated by reference into this application, to the extent they are not inconsistent with the present invention, in order to more fully describe the state of the art to which the invention pertains. “Extruded film” means is a film that has been made by an extrusion process. “Melt” means polymer composition that is flowable that has been heated above its melting temperature or glass transition temperature. 6   “Additive A” or “Component A” means a chemical that absorbs light at a wavelength greater than 700nm. Compound A may consist of cyanines and phthalocyanines. Component A is a chemical that can be formulated with a resin and is miscible with the resin. Examples of Component A include but are not limited to IR-775 chloride (Registry No.199444-11-6, 2-[2-[2-Chloro-3-[2- (1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-ethylidene]-1-cyclohexen-1- yl]-ethenyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride), Epolight® 5547 (Registry No.1414429-64-3, near infrared dye available from Epolin, Epolight® 5588 near infrared dye available from Epolin, Epolight® 1178 near infrared dye available from Epolin, Epolight® e5753 is available from Eppolin, NIR907B is available from QCR Solutions Corp., NIR886A, Spectrasense™ IR 765 (Registry No.51-55-8, atropine) available from Sun Chemical, CoNpCy (copper(II) 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-octabtoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine) is available from TCI America. “Additive B” or “Component B” is a chemical that absorbs light in the range of from 300nm to 400nm. Component B is a chemical that can be formulated with a resin and is miscible with the resin. Examples of Component B include but are not limited to Tinuvin™ 479 (Registry No.204848-45-3, octyl 2-{4-[4,6-bis({[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl})-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-3- hydroxyphenoxy}propanoate) available from BASF. “Resin” is a polymer that can be formed into a compensation film. Films The present application discloses, in a first aspect, a film, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent; or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β- difluorostyrene, β-fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- 7   trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)- 1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2- difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(2- fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, or combinations thereof; the component A is a chemical that absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm; the film exhibits an out-of-plane retardation as measured at 589nm [“Rth(589nm)”] that is greater than 0.01 nm, the film exhibits a ratio of the Rth(589nm) and the thickness of the film (“d”) in nm [“Rth(589nm) / d”] that is greater than 0.001, the film exhibits a ratio of the out-of-plane retardation as measured at 650nm and the out-of-plane retardation as measured at 550nm [“Rth(650nm) / Rth(550nm)”] that is greater than 1.0. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the resin is a homopolymer or copolymer derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene, α,β- difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β-fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, or combinations thereof. An example is resin 3. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the resin is a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent. Examples are resin 1 or resin 2. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 750nm, or 800nm, or 900nm, or 1000nm or 1500nm. In one class of this embodiment, the component A absorbs light having a wavelength in the range of from 750-2000nm, or in the range of from 750-1900nm, or from 750- 1800nm, or from 750-1700nm, or from 750-1600nm, or from 750-1500nm, or from 750-1400nm, or from 750-1300nm, or from 750-1200nm, or from 750- 8   1100nm, or from 750-1000nm, or from 750-900nm, 750-800nm, or 801- 2000nm, or in the range of from 801-1900nm, or from 801-1800nm, or from 801-1700nm, or from 801-1600nm, or from 801-1500nm, or from 801- 1400nm, or from 801-1300nm, or from 801-1200nm, or from 801-1100nm, or from 801-1000nm, or from 801-900nm, or from 850-2000nm, or from 850- 1900nm, or from 850-1800nm, or from 850-1700nm, or from 850-1600nm, or from 850-1500nm, or from 850-1400nm, or from 850-1300nm, or from 850- 1200nm, or from 850-1100nm, or from 850-1000nm, or from 850-900nm, or from 900-1900nm, or from 900-1800nm, or from 900-1700nm, or from 900- 1600nm, or from 900-1500nm, or from 900-1400nm, or from 900-1300nm, or from 900-1200nm, or from 900-1100nm, or from 900-1000nm, or from 801- 1900nm, or from 801-1800nm, or from 801-1700nm, or from 801-1600nm, or from 1000-1500nm, or from 1000-1400nm, or from 1000-1300nm, or from 1000-1200nm, or from 1000-1100nm. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the Rth(589nm) / d is greater than 0.002, or greater than 0.003, or greater than 0.004, or greater than 0.005, or greater than 0.007, or greater than 0.01, or greater than 0.015, greater than 0.02, or greater than 0.03, or in the range of from 0.001-0.003, or in the range of from 0.001-0.0025, or in the range of from 0.001-0.002, or in the range of from 0.001-0.0015, or in the range of from 0.0015-0.003, or in the range of from 0.0015-0.0025, or in the range of from 0.0015-0.002, or in the range of from 0.002-0.003, or in the range of from 0.002-0.0025. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the Rth(650nm) / Rth(550nm) is greater than 1.05, or 1.10, or 1.15, or 1.2, or in the range of from 1.01-2.0, or in the range of from 1.01-1.9, or in the range of from 1.01-1.8, or in the range of from 1.01-1.7, or in the range of from 1.01-1.6, or in the range of from 1.01-1.5, or in the range of from 1.01- 1.4, or in the range of from 1.01-1.3, or in the range of from 1.01-1.2, or in the range of from 1.01-1.1, or in the range of from 1.01-1.05, or in the range of from 1.05-2.0, or in the range of from 1.05-1.9, or in the range of from 1.05- 1.8, or in the range of from 1.05-1.7, or in the range of from 1.05-1.6, or in the 9   range of from 1.05-1.5, or in the range of from 1.05-1.4, or in the range of from 1.05-1.3, or in the range of from 1.05-1.2, or in the range of from 1.05- 1.1, or in the range of from 1.1-2.0, or in the range of from 1.1-1.9, or in the range of from 1.1-1.8, or in the range of from 1.1-1.7, or in the range of from 1.1-1.6, or in the range of from 1.1-1.5, or in the range of from 1.1-1.4, or in the range of from 1.1-1.3, or in the range of from 1.1-1.2, or in the range of from 1.2-2.0, or in the range of from 1.2-1.9, or in the range of from 1.2-1.8, or in the range of from 1.2-1.7, or in the range of from 1.2-1.6, or in the range of from 1.2-1.5, or in the range of from 1.2-1.4, or in the range of from 1.2-1.3, or in the range of from 1.3-2.0, or in the range of from 1.3-1.9, or in the range of from 1.3-1.8, or in the range of from 1.3-1.7, or in the range of from 1.3-1.6, or in the range of from 1.3-1.5, or in the range of from 1.3-1.4, or in the range of from 1.4-2.0, or in the range of from 1.4-1.9, or in the range of from 1.4-1.8, or in the range of from 1.4-1.7, or in the range of from 1.4-1.6, or in the range of from 1.4-1.5, or in the range of from 1.5-2.0, or in the range of from 1.5-1.9, or in the range of from 1.5-1.8, or in the range of from 1.5-1.7, or in the range of from 1.5-1.6. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film further comprises a component B, wherein the component B absorbs light with a wavelength that is in the range of from 300nm to 400 nm, or in the range of from 350nm to 400nm. In one class of this embodiment, the component B is present at from 0-30wt%, or from 0-25wt%, or from 0- 20wt%, or from 0-15wt%, or from 0-10wt%, or 0.1-30wt%, or from 0.1-25wt%, or from 0.1-20wt%, or from 0.1-15wt%, or from 0.1-10wt%, or from 1-30wt%, or from 1-25wt%, or from 1-20wt%, or from 1-15wt%, or from 1-10wt%, or from 5-30wt%, or from 5-25wt%, or from 5-20wt%, or from 5-15wt%, or from 5-10wt%, or from 10-30wt%, or from 10-25wt%, or from 10-20wt%, or from 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the film. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the component A is present at from 0-30wt%, or from 0-25wt%, or from 0-20wt%, or from 0-15wt%, or from 0-10wt%, or 0.1-30wt%, or from 0.1- 25wt%, or from 0.1-20wt%, or from 0.1-15wt%, or from 0.1-10wt%, or from 1- 10   30wt%, or from 1-25wt%, or from 1-20wt%, or from 1-15wt%, or from 1- 10wt%, or from 5-30wt%, or from 5-25wt%, or from 5-20wt%, or from 5- 15wt%, or from 5-10wt%, or from 10-30wt%, or from 10-25wt%, or from 10- 20wt%, or from 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the film. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film exhibits a ratio of the out-of-plane retardation as measured at 450nm and the out-of-plane retardation as measured 550nm [“Rth(450nm) / Rth(550nm)”] that is less than 1.0, or 0.95 or 0.90. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film is an extruded film or a cast film. In one class of this embodiment, the film is an extruded film. In one class of this embodiment, the film is a cast film. An example of a cast cellulose ester film is disclosed in US Pat. No.7084944. The cellulose ester film is prepared according to a solvent casting method. As the solvent, an organic solvent is used. The solvent cast method comprises the steps of dissolving the cellulose ester in an organic solvent to prepare a solution (dope) and casting the dope onto a substrate to prepare a film. The substrate can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a polymer substrate, a belt, or a roll. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film is an unstretched film. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film is a stretched film. In one class of this embodiment, the film is uniaxially stretched, biaxially stretched, or 45-degree stretched. In one subclass of this class, the film is uniaxially stretched. In one subclass of this class, the film is biaxially stretched. In one subclass of this class, the film is 45-degree stretched. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film has a d that is in the range of from 5-50 microns, or in the range of from 5-40 microns, or in the range of from 5-30 microns, or in the range of form 5-20 microns, or in the range of from 10-50 microns, or in the range of from 10-40 microns, or in the range of from 10-30 microns, or in the 11   range of from 10-20 microns, or in the range of from 15-50 microns, or in the range of from 15-40 microns, or in the range of from 15-30 microns, or in the range of from 15-20 microns, or in the range of from 20-50 microns, or in the range of from 20-40 microns, or in the range of from 20-30 microns, or in the range of from 30-50 microns, or in the range of from 30-40 microns, or in the range of from 40-50 microns. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment of the first aspect, the film further comprises additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, antiblocks, slip agents, lubricants, dyes, pigments, retardation modifiers, or combinations thereof. Examples of these additives are found in US 2009 / 0050842, US 2009 / 0054638, and US 2009 / 0096962; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film further comprises a plasticizer. In one class of this embodiment, the plasticizer is a phosphoric acid-based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a glycolate based plasticizer, a citric acid ester- based plasticizer, a carbohydrate ester-based plasticizer, and an alditol ester- based plasticizer. In one class of this embodiment, the plasticizer is present at from 0-30wt%, or 0.1-30wt%, or 1-30wt%, or 5-30wt%, or 10-30wt%, or 0.1- 20wt%, or 5-20wt%, or 10-20wt%, or 0.1-10wt%, based on the total weight of the film. Examples of phosphoric acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tricresyl phosphate, cresyl phenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl biphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate. Phthalic acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to diethyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and dibenzyl phthalate. Citric acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to acetyl trimethyl citrate, and acetyl tributyl citrate. Glycolate-based plasticizers include but are not limited to alkyl phthalyl alkyl glycolate, such as methyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl 12   glycolate (EPEG), propyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, and octyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate. Other useful plasticizers include, but are not limited to, butyl oleate, methyl acetyl ricinolate, dibutyl sebacate, and triacetin. Carbohydrate ester-based plasticizers include, but are not limited to, esters of 6-carbon aldose sugars, such as glucose pentapropionate, glucose pentaisobutyrate, and glucose pentatbutyrate; esters of 6-carbon ketose sugars such as fructose pentapropionate, fructose pentaisobutyrate, fructose pentatbutyrate; esters of 5-carbon aldose sugars, such as xylose tetrapropionate, xylose tetraisobutyrate, and xylose tetrabutryate. Alditol ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to 5- carbon alditol esters, such as xylitol pentapropionate, xylitol pentaisobutryate, and xylitol pentabutyrate; 6-carbon alditol esters, such as mannitol hexapropionate, mannitol hexaisobutyrate, and mannitol hexabutyrate. Other useful plasticizers include triphenyl phosphate, xylitol pentaacetate, trimethyl pentanoyl diisobutyrate, 2-naphthyl benzoate or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the plasticizer is present at from 0-30wt%, or from 0-25wt%, or from 0- 20wt%, or from 0-15wt%, or from 0-10wt%, or from 1-30wt%, or from 1- 25wt%, or from 1-20wt%, or from 1-15wt%, or from 1-10wt%, or from 5- 30wt%, or from 5-25wt%, or from 5-20wt%, or from 5-15wt%, or from 5- 10wt%, or from 10-30wt%, or from 10-25wt%, or from 10-20wt%, or from 10- 15wt%, based on the total weight of the film. The present application also discloses, in a second aspect, a multilayer film comprising any of the films disclosed herein. The multilayer film can be made by solvent co-casting, melt co- extrusion, lamination, or a coating process. These procedures are generally 13   known in the art. Examples of solvent co-casting, melt co-extrusion, lamination, and coating methods to form multilayer structures are found in US 2009 / 0050842, US 2009 / 0054638, and US 2009 / 0096962. Further examples of solvent co-casting, melt coextrusion, lamination, and coating methods to form a multilayer structure are found in U. S. Pat. No. 4, 592, 885; U.S. Pat. No.7,172,713; US 2005 / 0133953; and US 2010 / 0055356, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The multilayer film may be configured in an A-B structure or an A-B-A structure. In the case of a bi-layer structure, the layers are made using different cellulose esters. For the tri-layer structure, the top and bottom layers are made using the films disclosed herein and the middle layer is made using a film. Other configurations are possible such as A-X-B where X is an adhesive or tie layer, and B-A-B. The thickness of each layer can be the same or different. By varying the thickness of each layer, the desired optical retardation and reversed optical dispersion can be obtained. The thickness of layer A before stretching can range from 5 µm to 50 µm, and the thickness of layer B before stretching can range from 30 µm to 100 µm. Compositions The present application discloses, in a third aspect, a composition, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent, or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene, α,β- difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β-fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- (2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)- 14   1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2- difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(2- fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, or a combination thereof; the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the resin is a homopolymer or copolymer derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene, α,β- difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β-fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, or combinations thereof. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the resin is a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 800nm, or 900nm, or 1000nm or 1500nm. In one class of this embodiment, the component A absorbs light having a wavelength in the range of from 750- 2000nm, or in the range of from 750-1900nm, or from 750-1800nm, or from 750-1700nm, or from 750-1600nm, or from 750-1500nm, or from 750- 1400nm, or from 750-1300nm, or from 750-1200nm, or from 750-1100nm, or from 750-1000nm, or from 750-900nm, 750-800nm, or 801-2000nm, or in the range of from 801-1900nm, or from 801-1800nm, or from 801-1700nm, or from 801-1600nm, or from 801-1500nm, or from 801-1400nm, or from 801- 1300nm, or from 801-1200nm, or from 801-1100nm, or from 801-1000nm, or from 801-900nm, or from 850-2000nm, or from 850-1900nm, or from 850- 1800nm, or from 850-1700nm, or from 850-1600nm, or from 850-1500nm, or from 850-1400nm, or from 850-1300nm, or from 850-1200nm, or from 850- 1100nm, or from 850-1000nm, or from 850-900nm, or from 900-1900nm, or from 900-1800nm, or from 900-1700nm, or from 900-1600nm, or from 900- 15   1500nm, or from 900-1400nm, or from 900-1300nm, or from 900-1200nm, or from 900-1100nm, or from 900-1000nm, or from 801-1900nm, or from 801- 1800nm, or from 801-1700nm, or from 801-1600nm, or from 1000-1500nm, or from 1000-1400nm, or from 1000-1300nm, or from 1000-1200nm, or from 1000-1100nm. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the component A is present at from 0-30wt%, or from 0-25wt%, or from 0-20wt%, or from 0-15wt%, or from 0-10wt%, or from 0.1-30wt%, or from 0.1-25wt%, or from 0.1-20wt%, or from 0.1-15wt%, or from 0.1-10wt%, or from 1-30wt%, or from 1-25wt%, or from 1-20wt%, or from 1-15wt%, or from 1-10wt%, or from 5-30wt%, or from 5-25wt%, or from 5-20wt%, or from 5-15wt%, or from 5-10wt%, or from 10-30wt%, or from 10-25wt%, or from 10- 20wt%, or from 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the composition further comprises a component B, wherein the component B absorbs light with a wavelength that is in the range of from 300nm to 400 nm. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the component B is present at from 0-30wt%, or from 0-25wt%, or from 0-20wt%, or from 0-15wt%, or from 0-10wt%, or from 0.1-30wt%, or from 0.1-25wt%, or from 0.1-20wt%, or from 0.1-15wt%, or from 0.1-10wt%, or from 1-30wt%, or from 1-25wt%, or from 1-20wt%, or from 1-15wt%, or from 1-10wt%, or from 5-30wt%, or from 5-25wt%, or from 5-20wt%, or from 5-15wt%, or from 5-10wt%, or from 10-30wt%, or from 10-25wt%, or from 10- 20wt%, or from 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment of the third aspect, the film further comprises additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, antiblocks, slip agents, lubricants, dyes, pigments, retardation modifiers, or combinations thereof. Examples of these additives are found in US 2009 / 0050842, US 2009 / 0054638, and US 2009 / 0096962; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. 16   In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the composition further comprises a plasticizer. In one class of this embodiment, the plasticizer is a phosphoric acid-based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a glycolate based plasticizer, a citric acid ester-based plasticizer, a carbohydrate ester-based plasticizer, and an alditol ester-based plasticizer. In one class of this embodiment, the plasticizer is present at from 0-30wt%, or 0.1-30wt%, or 1-30wt%, or 5-30wt%, or 10- 30wt%, or 0.1-20wt%, or 5-20wt%, or 10-20wt%, or 0.1-10wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. Examples of phosphoric acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tricresyl phosphate, cresyl phenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl biphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate. Phthalic acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to diethyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and dibenzyl phthalate. Citric acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to acetyl trimethyl citrate, and acetyl tributyl citrate. Glycolate-based plasticizers include but are not limited to alkyl phthalyl alkyl glycolate, such as methyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate (EPEG), propyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, and octyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate. Other useful plasticizers include, but are not limited to, butyl oleate, methyl acetyl ricinolate, dibutyl sebacate, and triacetin. Carbohydrate ester-based plasticizers include, but are not limited to, esters of 6-carbon aldose sugars, such as glucose pentapropionate, glucose pentaisobutyrate, and glucose pentatbutyrate; 17   esters of 6-carbon ketose sugars such as fructose pentapropionate, fructose pentaisobutyrate, fructose pentatbutyrate; esters of 5-carbon aldose sugars, such as xylose tetrapropionate, xylose tetraisobutyrate, and xylose tetrabutryate. Alditol ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to 5- carbon alditol esters, such as xylitol pentapropionate, xylitol pentaisobutryate, and xylitol pentabutyrate; 6-carbon alditol esters, such as mannitol hexapropionate, mannitol hexaisobutyrate, and mannitol hexabutyrate. Other useful plasticizers include triphenyl phosphate, xylitol pentaacetate, trimethyl pentanoyl diisobutyrate, 2-naphthyl benzoate or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the plasticizer is present at from 0-30wt%, or from 0-25wt%, or from 0-20wt%, or from 0-15wt%, or from 0-10wt%, or from 0.1-30wt%, or from 0.1-25wt%, or from 0.1-20wt%, or from 0.1-15wt%, or from 0.1-10wt%, or from 1-30wt%, or from 1-25wt%, or from 1-20wt%, or from 1-15wt%, or from 1-10wt%, or from 5-30wt%, or from 5-25wt%, or from 5-20wt%, or from 5- 15wt%, or from 5-10wt%, or from 10-30wt%, or from 10-25wt%, or from 10- 20wt%, or from 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the composition further comprising a solvent. In one class of this embodiment, the composition is a dope. Solvents which are useful for preparation of the dope according to the present invention may be employed without any limitations as long as they are capable of simultaneously dissolving the cellulose ester and any additional additives, such as plasticizers. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the organic solvents comprise halogenated solvents and / or non- halogenated solvents. Examples of halogenated solvents include, but are not limited to, methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, 2,2,2- trifluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-l-propanol, 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-propanol, 1,1,1,3, 3,3-hexafluoro-2- propanol, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-lpropanol. Examples of non-halogenated solvents include, but are not limited to, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, 18   tert-butyl acetate, amyl acetate, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,3- dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclohexanone, ethyl formate, nitroethane, or combinations thereof. The present application also discloses, in a fourth aspect, a pellet comprising any of the compositions disclosed herein. The present application also discloses, in a fifth aspect, a melt comprising any of the compositions disclosed herein. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Abbreviations BzCl is benzoyl chloride; DMTA is dynamic mechanical thermal analysis; DSBz is average degree of substitution for benzoyl substituents; DSC is differential scanning calorimetry; DSPv is average degree of substitution for pivaloyl substituents; DSNp is average degree of substitution for naphthoyl substituents; CPBz is cellulose propionate benzoate; min is minute(s); h is hour(s); CEx is comparative example; CPPvNap is cellulose propionate pivalate naphthalate; CMPT is component; DCM is dichloromethane; MeOH is methanol; MEK is methyl ethyl ketone; DSPr is average degree of substitution for propionyl substituents; DMTA Measurements DMTA measurements were run DMA Q800 from TA Instruments with isothermal temperature set for 5 min followed by temperature ramp from 25°C to 230°C at 3°C / min. The oscillation strain was set at 0.1%. Onset point of storage modulus can be used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the samples. DSC DSC measurements were run with DSC Q2000 from 0oC to 200oC or from 0oC to 240oC in first heat, cooled back to 0oC and reheat from 0oC to 200oC or 0oC to 240oC at rate of 10oC / min and 20oC / min.2nd heat curve was used to determine the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the samples. 19   Film Stretching Film stretching was done by Brückner Karo IV laboratory film stretcher. Stretching conditions, such as, stretch ratio, stretch temperature, pre-heating and post-annealing were varied to obtain specific optical retardation and dispersion according to the requirements of the applications. Stretch ratio is defined as the end dimension of the films after stretching relative to the dimension of the films before stretching along one direction as shown in equation 1. For example, for films stretched uniaxially along MD from 100 mm to 140 mm, the stretch ratio is defined as1.4. Stretch ratio smaller than 1.0 means the films shrink along that direction. stretch ratio=(dimension after stretching) / (dimension before stretching) Optical Measurements Film optical retardation and dispersion measurements were made using a J.A. Woollam M-2000V Spectroscopic Ellipsometer having a spectral range from 370 to 1000 nm or J.A.Woollam RC2 Ellipsometer having a spectral range from 250 – 2500 nm. RetMeas (Retardation Measurement) program from J.A. Woollam Co., Inc. was used to obtain optical film in-plane (Re) and out-of-plane (Rth) retardations. The thickness of the films was measured using a Metricon Prism Coupler 2010 (Metricon Corp.) or using a handheld Positector 6000. The haze and b* measurements were obtained using a HunterLab Ultrascan VIS colorimeter in diffused transmittance mode (1-inch diameter port). Example 1 Dope preparation: Resin 1 [CPBz (DSPr=1.18, DSBz=1.28) was prepared by adapting the synthetic procedure disclosed in WO2021163117, Ex 9 except that BzCl mol eq was 1.32] and CMPT A (NIR 886A, purchased from QCR Solutions Corp, used as received) were added into DCM / MeOH = 95 / 5 wt / wt. Ratio of Resin 1 and CMPT A is shown in Table 1. Concentration of (Resin 1 + CMPT A) = wt of (Resin 1 + CMPT A) / wt of (Resin 1 + CMPT A 20   + solvent) is 12wt%. The mixture was rolled on roller until Resin 1 and CMPT A were fully dissolved. Film casting: the dope prepared above was coated on thin glass plate using a drawdown machine. The casted film was dried in the hood at 21oC for 30min. During the 30min, the film was firstly covered with metal pan for 15min, the metal pan was removed, and the film was further dried in the hood for 15min. The film was lastly dried at 100oC for 10min in an electric oven. The final film thickness is around 9µm. Optical measurement: the film was measured via RC2 ellipsometer and retardation at different wavelength was fitted via available models in CompleteEase software. The film has Re(589nm)=0.2nm. over film thickness d. As shown in Table 1, the film showed positive Rth and good reverse dispersion in long wavelength range with = 1.22, which is close to ideal wavelength dispersion. Comparative Example 1 Films were prepared in the same way with Ex 1 except that (1) different formulations were used (shown in Table 1), and (2) different film drying conditions was used. The film was dried in hood at 21oC for 2.5h with the first 60min covered with metal pans, and the last 1.5h the cover was removed in hood. The films were further dried at 100oC for 10min and 120oC for 10min. The film had thickness at 90µm and Re(589nm)=0.6nm. As shown in Table 1, the film showed positive Rthand is C+ film, but the wavelength dispersion at long wavelength range is poor with ^^ 0.93, which is not close to ideal dispersion. Example 2-5 Ex 2-5 were prepared via the same method disclosed for Ex 1 with different CMPT A (as shown in Table 1). Ex 2-5 all have Re values below 2 21   nm. Epolight e5753 was purchased from Epolin. ADS815EI was purchased from American Dye Source Inc. NIR907B was purchased from QCR Solutions Corp. CoNpCy is Copper(II) 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36-Octabutoxy-2,3- naphthalocyanine and was purchased from TCI America. Each CMPT A was used as received. As is shown in Table 1, all the examples were C+ films and showed good wavelength dispersion in long wavelength range with > 1.05, especially Ex 3 and Ex 4 showed ^^ ^ହ^^^ ௧^^ ହହ^^^ ^ > 1.10. Example 6 Ex 6 was prepared via the same method for Ex 1 except that (1) a different resin was used, (2) a different CMPT A was used, and (3) CMPT B was used. Ex 6 had thickness at 27µm and Re=0.5nm. Resin 2 is a CPPvNap (DSPr=1.188, DSPv=0.39, DSNp=1.18) which was prepared in the same way as Ex 1 of WO2021163117A1. SpectrasenseTMIR 765 was purchased from Sun Chemical Colors & Effects GmbH. TinuvinTM479 was purchased from BASF. As is shown in Table 1, the film is C+ film and have good reverse dispersion in both long and short wavelength range with ^^ = Example 7 Ex 7 was prepared via the same method for Ex 1 except that (1) a different resin was used, (2) a different CMPT A was used, (3) a different solvent was used, and (4) a different drying condition was used. Ex 7 has thickness at 6µm and Re=0nm. Resin 3 (poly(a,β,β-trifluorostyrene)) is an internal product. IR 775 chloride was purchased from TCI America. MEK was used as the solvent with concentration of (Resin 3 + CMPT A) at 12wt% in the dope. The film was dried at 85oC for 15 min in electric oven soon after the film was coated on thin 22   glass. As is shown in Table 1, the film is C+ film and has reverse dispersion in long wavelength range with = 1.03. Comparative Example 2 and 3 CEx 2 was prepared as described for Ex 6 except that no CMPT A or CMPT B was used, and MEK was used as solvent with a Resin 2 concentration in the dope 15wt%. The drying condition was the same with Ex 7. CEx 2 has a thickness at 7µm and Re=0.3nm. As shown, CEx 2 is C+ film but has normal wavelength dispersion in long wavelength range with CEx 3 was prepared as described for Ex 7 except that no CMPT A or CMPT B was used. CEx 3 has a Re=0.7nm and thickness of 12.3 µm. As is shown in Table 1, CEx 3 is C+ film but has normal wavelength dispersion in long wavelength range with = 0.97. Table 1 23

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A film, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent; or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β- trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β- fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, or combinations thereof; 24  the component A is a chemical that absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm; the film exhibits an out-of-plane retardation as measured at 589nm [“Rth(589nm)”] that is greater than 0.01 nm, the film exhibits a ratio of the Rth(589nm) and the thickness of the film (“d”) in nm [“Rth(589nm) / d”] that is greater than 0.001, the film exhibits a ratio of the out-of-plane retardation as measured at 650nm and the out-of-plane retardation as measured at 550nm [“Rth(650nm) / Rth(550nm)”] that is greater than 1.

0.

2. The film of claim 1, wherein the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 750nm, or 800nm, or 900nm, or 1000nm or 1500nm.

3. The film of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the component A is present at from 0-20wt%, based on the total weight of the film.

4. The film of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the Rth(589nm) / d is greater than 0.002 or 0.

003.

5. The film of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the Rth(650nm) / Rth(550nm) is greater than 1.05, or 1.10, or 1.15, or 1.

2.

6. The film of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the film further comprises an component B, wherein the component B absorbs light with a wavelength that is in the range of from 300nm to 400 nm.

7. The film of claim 6, wherein the component B is present at from 0.1- 30wt%, based on the total weight of the film.

8. The film of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the film exhibits a ratio of the out-of-plane retardation as measured at 450nm and the out-of-plane 25  retardation as measured 550nm [“Rth(450nm) / Rth(550nm)”] that is less than 1.0, or 0.95 or 0.

90.

9. The film of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the film is an extruded film or a cast film.

10. The film of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the film is stretched.

11. The film of any one of claim 1-10, wherein the film is uniaxially stretched, biaxially stretched, or 45-degree stretched.

12. The film of any one of claims 1-11, wherein d is in the range of from 1-50 microns.

13. The film of any one of claims 1-12, wherein the film further comprises a plasticizer.

14. The film of claim 13, wherein the plasticizer is a phosphoric acid-based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a glycolate based plasticizer, a citric acid ester-based plasticizer, a carbohydrate ester-based plasticizer, and an alditol ester-based plasticizer.

15. The film of any one of claims 13-14, wherein the plasticizer is present from 0.1-30wt%, based on the total weight of the film.

16. A composition, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent, or 26  (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising derived from the monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β- trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β- fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene; the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm.

17. The composition of claim 16, wherein the component A is present at from 0.1-20wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.

18. The composition of any one of claims 16-17, wherein the composition further comprises a component B, wherein the component B absorbs light with a wavelength that is in the range of from 300nm to 400 nm.

19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the component B is present at from 0-30wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. 27  20. The composition of any one of claims 16-19, wherein the composition further comprises a plasticizer.

21. The composition of claim 20, wherein the plasticizer is a phosphoric acid- based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a glycolate based plasticizer, a citric acid ester-based plasticizer, a carbohydrate ester-based plasticizer, and an alditol ester-based plasticizer.

22. The composition of any one of claims 16-21, wherein the plasticizer is present from 0.1-30wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.

23. A pellet comprising the composition of any one of claims 16-22.

24. The composition of any one of claims 16-23, wherein the composition further comprises a solvent, wherein the composition is a dope.

25. A melt comprising the composition of any one of claims 16-25. 28

Images