Optical compensation films with improved wavelength dispersion

Abstract

Optical compensation films are widely adopted in flat panel displays. Wavelength dispersion of retardation of optical compensation films is one of the critical parameters impacting the performance of displays. Compensation films with reverse dispersion, of which the retardation increases along with light wavelength increasing, is always desired. However, current compensation films can't fully meet the requirement of reverse dispersion, especially for long wavelength light (λ> 550nm). This application discloses compensation films with good reverse dispersion for long wavelength light comprising certain additives that have an absorption peak greater than 700nm. The compensation films have R th (650nm / 550nm) > 1.0.

Description

[0001]OPTICAL COMPENSATION FILMS WITH IMPROVED WAVELENGTH DISPERSION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Optical compensation films with reverse wavelength dispersion can be realized via material design and formations. However, those optical compensation films usually show good reverse dispersion in short light wavelength but not good enough in long wavelength, which means that those compensation films is good and close to ideal dispersion (0.80 – 0.85), but ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ of those compensation films is not close to ideal spersion ( 1.12 – 1.20). ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ di^^^^^^^^ , ^^^^^^^^^^ , ^^^^^^^^^ and ^^^^^^^^^^ are defined by equation (3), equation (4), equation (5) and equation (6) respectively. Therefore, there is still unmet needs for compensation films with improved wavelength dispersion in long wavelength. Compensation films with improved wavelength dispersion in long wavelength together with Nz(589nm) close to 0.5 is even more desired because compensation films with Nz (589nm) close to 0.5 can significantly improve viewing quality of displays compared to compensation films with Nz (589nm) not close to 0.5. Nz is defined by equation (7). ^# = − ^^^589^#^&' ^589^ ^^ ^ ^^^589^#^ + 0.5 6Where ^^, ^^and ^^are refractive indices along x, y and z direction, d is film thickness, ^^^450^#^, ^^^550^#^, ^^^589^#^ and ^^^650^#^ are in- plane retardation at 450 nm, 550 nm, 589 nm and 650 nm respectively, ^^^^450^#^, ^^^^550^#^, ^^^^589^#^ and ^^^^650^#^ are out-of-plane retardation at 450 nm, 550 nm, 589 nm and 650 nm respectively. Where x, y and z are fast axis direction in the film plane, slow axis direction in the film plane, and film thickness direction out of the film plane, respectively. The optical compensation films with improved wavelength dispersion is achieved by blending certain additives that absorb light at a wavelength greater than 700nm with resins used to make the films. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present application discloses a film, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent; or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β- trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β- fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene; the component A is a chemical that absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm; the film exhibits an in-plane retardation as measured at 650nm [“Re(650nm)”] and an in-plane retardation as measured at 550nm [“Re(550nm)”], the absolute value of the Re(550nm) is greater than 10 nm, the film exhibits a Re(650nm) / Re(550nm) that is greater than 1.0, the film is stretched. The present application also discloses a composition, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent, or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β- trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β- fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene; the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm. The present application also discloses pellets, dopes, melts, and various articles comprising the compositions disclosed herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of the invention, and to the Examples included therein. Before the present compositions of matter and methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to specific synthetic methods or to particular formulations, unless otherwise indicated, and, as such, may vary from the disclosure. It is also to be understood that the terminology used is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Definitions Optional or optionally means that the subsequently described event or circumstances may or may not occur. The description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not occur. Each numerical parameter should at least be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Further, the ranges stated in this disclosure and the claims are intended to include the entire range specifically and not just the endpoint(s). For example, a range stated to be 0 to 10 is intended to disclose all whole numbers between 0 and 10 such as, for example 1, 2, 3, 4, etc., all fractional numbers between 0 and 10, for example 1.5, 2.3, 4.57, 6.1113, etc., and the endpoints 0 and 10. Also, a range associated with chemical substituent groups such as, for example, “C1 to C5 hydrocarbons”, is intended to specifically include and disclose C1 and C5 hydrocarbons as well as C2, C3, and C4 hydrocarbons. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. As used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include their plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference a “film,” or a “polarizer,” is intended to include the processing or making of a plurality of films, or polarizers. References to a composition containing or including “an” additive or “a” catalyst is intended to include other ingredients or other additives or other catalysts, respectively, in addition to the one named. By “comprising” or “containing” or “including” we mean that at least the named compound, element, particle, or method step, etc., is present in the composition or article or method, but does not exclude the presence of other compounds, catalysts, materials, particles, method steps, etc, even if the other such compounds, material, particles, method steps, etc., have the same function as what is named, unless expressly excluded in the claims. It is also to be understood that the mention of one or more method steps does not preclude the presence of additional method steps before or after the combined recited steps or intervening method steps between those steps expressly identified. Moreover, the lettering of process steps or ingredients is a convenient means for identifying discrete activities or ingredients and the recited lettering can be arranged in any sequence, unless otherwise indicated. Throughout this application, where patents or publications are referenced, the disclosures of these references in their entireties are intended to be incorporated by reference into this application, to the extent they are not inconsistent with the present invention, in order to more fully describe the state of the art to which the invention pertains. “Extruded film” means is a film that has been made by an extrusion process. “Melt” means polymer composition that is flowable that has been heated above its melting temperature or glass transition temperature. “Component A” is a chemical that absorbs light greater than 700 nm. Compound A may consist of cyanines and phthalocyanines. Component A is a chemical that can be formulated with a resin and is miscible with the resin. Examples of Component A include but are not limited to IR-775 chloride (Registry No.199444-11-6, 2-[2-[2-Chloro-3-[2-(1,3-dihydro-1,3,3-trimethyl- 2H-indol-2-ylidene)-ethylidene]-1-cyclohexen-1-yl]-ethenyl]-1,3,3-trimethyl-3H- indolium chloride), Epolight® 5547 (Registry No.1414429-64-3, near infrared dye available from Epolin, Epolight® 5588 near infrared dye available from Epolin, Epolight® 1178 near infrared dye available from Epolin, Epolight® e5753 is available from Eppolin, NIR907B is available from QCR Solutions Corp., NIR886A, Spectrasense™ IR 765 (Registry No.51-55-8, atropine) available from Sun Chemical, CoNpCy (copper(II) 5,9,14,18,23,27,32,36- octabtoxy-2,3-naphthalocyanine) is available from TCI America. “Component B” is a chemical that absorbs light in the range of from 300nm to 400nm. Component B is a chemical that can be formulated with a resin and is miscible with the resin. Examples of Component B include but are not limited to Tinuvin™ 479 (Registry No.204848-45-3, octyl 2-{4-[4,6- bis({[1,1'-biphenyl]-4-yl})-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]-3-hydroxyphenoxy}propanoate) available from BASF. “Resin” is a polymer that can be formed into a compensation film. Films The present application discloses, in a first aspect, A film, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent; or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β- difluorostyrene, β-fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)- 1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2- difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(2- fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene; the component A is a chemical that absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm; the film exhibits an in-plane retardation as measured at 650nm [“Re(650nm)”] and an in-plane retardation as measured at 550nm [“Re(550nm)”], the Re(550nm) is greater than 10 nm, the film exhibits a Re(650nm) / Re(550nm) that is greater than 1.0, the film is stretched. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the resin is a homopolymer or copolymer derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene, α,β- difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β-fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, or combinations thereof. An example is resin 2. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the resin is a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent. An example is resin 1. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 750nm, or 800nm, or 900nm, or 1000nm or 1500nm. In one class of this embodiment, the component A absorbs light having a wavelength in the range of from 750-2000nm, or in the range of from 750-1900nm, or from 750- 1800nm, or from 750-1700nm, or from 750-1600nm, or from 750-1500nm, or from 750-1400nm, or from 750-1300nm, or from 750-1200nm, or from 750- 1100nm, or from 750-1000nm, or from 750-900nm, 750-800nm, or 801- 2000nm, or in the range of from 801-1900nm, or from 801-1800nm, or from 801-1700nm, or from 801-1600nm, or from 801-1500nm, or from 801- 1400nm, or from 801-1300nm, or from 801-1200nm, or from 801-1100nm, or from 801-1000nm, or from 801-900nm, or from 850-2000nm, or from 850- 1900nm, or from 850-1800nm, or from 850-1700nm, or from 850-1600nm, or from 850-1500nm, or from 850-1400nm, or from 850-1300nm, or from 850- 1200nm, or from 850-1100nm, or from 850-1000nm, or from 850-900nm, or from 900-1900nm, or from 900-1800nm, or from 900-1700nm, or from 900- 1600nm, or from 900-1500nm, or from 900-1400nm, or from 900-1300nm, or from 900-1200nm, or from 900-1100nm, or from 900-1000nm, or from 801- 1900nm, or from 801-1800nm, or from 801-1700nm, or from 801-1600nm, or from 1000-1500nm, or from 1000-1400nm, or from 1000-1300nm, or from 1000-1200nm, or from 1000-1100nm. In a class of this embodiment, the component A is present at from 0.1- 20wt%, or 0.1-15wt%, or 0.1-10wt%, or 5-20wt%, or 5-15wt%, or 5-10wt%, or 10-20wt%, 10-15wt%, or 0.1-30wt%, or 0.1-20wt%, or 15wt%, or 5-30wt%, or 5-20wt%, or 5-15wt%, or 5-10wt%, or 10-30wt%, or 10-20wt%, or 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the film. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film further comprises a component B, wherein the component B absorbs light with a wavelength that is in the range of from 300nm to 400 nm, or in the range of from 350nm to 400nm. In one class of this embodiment, the component B is present at from 0-30wt%, or from 0-25wt%, or from 0- 20wt%, or from 0-15wt%, or from 0-10wt%, 0.1-30wt%, 0.1-20wt%, or 0.1- 10wt%, or from 1-30wt%, or from 1-25wt%, or from 1-20wt%, or from 1- 15wt%, or from 1-10wt%, or from 5-30wt%, or from 5-25wt%, or from 5- 20wt%, or from 5-15wt%, or from 5-10wt%, or from 10-30wt%, or from 10- 25wt%, or from 10-20wt%, or from 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the film. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the Re(650nm) / Rth(550nm) that is greater than 1.05, or greater than 1.1, or greater than 1.15, or greater than 1.2, or in the range of from 1.05 to 1.5, or in the range of from 1.05 to 1.4, or in the range of from 1.05 to 1.3, or in the range of from 1.05 to 1.2, or in the range of rom 1.1 to 1.5, or in the range of form 1.1 to 1.4, or in the range of from 1.1 to 1.3, or in the range of from 1.1 to 1.2. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film is an extruded film or a cast film. In one class of this embodiment, the film is an extruded film. In one class of this embodiment, the film is a cast film. An example of a cast cellulose ester film is disclosed in US Pat. No.7084944. The cellulose ester film is prepared according to a solvent casting method. As the solvent, an organic solvent is used. The solvent cast method comprises the steps of dissolving the cellulose ester in an organic solvent to prepare a solution (dope) and casting the dope onto a substrate to prepare a film. The substrate can be a glass substrate, a metal substrate, a polymer substrate, a belt, or a roll. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film is uniaxially stretched, biaxially stretched, or 45-degree stretched. In one class of this embodiment, the film is uniaxially stretched. In one class of this embodiment, the film is biaxially stretched. In one class of this embodiment, the film is 45-degree stretched. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film has a d that is in the range of from 5-50 microns, or in the range of from 5-40 microns, or in the range of from 5-30 microns, or in the range of form 5-20 microns, or in the range of from 10-50 microns, or in the range of from 10-40 microns, or in the range of from 10-30 microns, or in the range of from 10-20 microns, or in the range of from 15-50 microns, or in the range of from 15-40 microns, or in the range of from 15-30 microns, or in the range of from 15-20 microns, or in the range of from 20-50 microns, or in the range of from 20-40 microns, or in the range of from 20-30 microns, or in the range of from 30-50 microns, or in the range of from 30-40 microns, or in the range of from 40-50 microns. In one embodiment of this invention, additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, antiblocks, slip agents, lubricants, dyes, pigments, retardation modifiers, etc. may be mixed with the cellulose esters. Examples of these additives are found in US 2009 / 0050842, US 2009 / 0054638, and US 2009 / 0096962; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the first aspect, the film further comprises a plasticizer. In one class of this embodiment, the plasticizer is a phosphoric acid-based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a glycolate based plasticizer, a citric acid ester- based plasticizer, a carbohydrate ester-based plasticizer, and an alditol ester- based plasticizer. In one class of this embodiment, the plasticizer is present at from 0-30wt%, or 0.1-30wt%, or 1-30wt%, or 5-30wt%, or 10-30wt%, or 0.1- 20wt%, or 5-20wt%, or 10-20wt%, or 0.1-10wt%, based on the total weight of the film. Examples of phosphoric acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tricresyl phosphate, cresyl phenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl biphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate. Phthalic acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to diethyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and dibenzyl phthalate. Citric acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to acetyl trimethyl citrate, and acetyl tributyl citrate. Glycolate-based plasticizers include but are not limited to alkyl phthalyl alkyl glycolate, such as methyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate (EPEG), propyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, and octyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate. Other useful plasticizers include, but are not limited to, butyl oleate, methyl acetyl ricinolate, dibutyl sebacate, and triacetin. Carbohydrate ester-based plasticizers include, but are not limited to, esters of 6-carbon aldose sugars, such as glucose pentapropionate, glucose pentaisobutyrate, and glucose pentatbutyrate; esters of 6-carbon ketose sugars such as fructose pentapropionate, fructose pentaisobutyrate, fructose pentatbutyrate; esters of 5-carbon aldose sugars, such as xylose tetrapropionate, xylose tetraisobutyrate, and xylose tetrabutryate. Alditol ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to 5- carbon alditol esters, such as xylitol pentapropionate, xylitol pentaisobutryate, and xylitol pentabutyrate; 6-carbon alditol esters, such as mannitol hexapropionate, mannitol hexaisobutyrate, and mannitol hexabutyrate. Other useful plasticizers include triphenyl phosphate, xylitol pentaacetate, trimethyl pentanoyl diisobutyrate, 2-naphthyl benzoate or mixtures thereof. The present application also discloses, in a second aspect, a multilayer film comprising any of the films disclosed herein. The multilayer film can be made by solvent co-casting, melt co- extrusion, lamination, or a coating process. These procedures are generally known in the art. Examples of solvent co-casting, melt co-extrusion, lamination, and coating methods to form multilayer structures are found in US 2009 / 0050842, US 2009 / 0054638, and US 2009 / 0096962. Further examples of solvent co-casting, melt coextrusion, lamination, and coating methods to form a multilayer structure are found in U. S. Pat. No. 4, 592, 885; U.S. Pat. No.7,172,713; US 2005 / 0133953; and US 2010 / 0055356, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. The multilayer film may be configured in an A-B structure or an A-B-A structure. In the case of a bi-layer structure, the layers are made using different cellulose esters. For the tri-layer structure, the top and bottom layers are made using the films disclosed herein and the middle layer is made using a film. Other configurations are possible such as A-X-B where X is an adhesive or tie layer, and B-A-B. The thickness of each layer can be the same or different. By varying the thickness of each layer, the desired optical retardation and reversed optical dispersion can be obtained. The thickness of layer A before stretching can range from 5 µm to 50 µm, and the thickness of layer B before stretching can range from 30 µm to 100 µm. Composition The present application discloses, in a third aspect, a composition, A composition, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent, or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene, α,β- difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β-fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- (2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)- 1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2- difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(2- fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene; the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the resin is a homopolymer or copolymer derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β-trifluorostyrene, α,β- difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β-fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, or combinations thereof. An example is resin 2. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the resin is a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent. An example is resin 1. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 800nm, or 900nm, or 1000nm or 1500nm. In one class of this embodiment, the component A absorbs light having a in the range of from 750-2000nm, or in the range of from 750-1900nm, or from 750-1800nm, or from 750-1700nm, or from 750-1600nm, or from 750-1500nm, or from 750-1400nm, or from 750- 1300nm, or from 750-1200nm, or from 750-1100nm, or from 750-1000nm, or from 750-900nm, 750-800nm, or 801-2000nm, or in the range of from 801- 1900nm, or from 801-1800nm, or from 801-1700nm, or from 801-1600nm, or from 801-1500nm, or from 801-1400nm, or from 801-1300nm, or from 801- 1200nm, or from 801-1100nm, or from 801-1000nm, or from 801-900nm, or from 850-2000nm, or from 850-1900nm, or from 850-1800nm, or from 850- 1700nm, or from 850-1600nm, or from 850-1500nm, or from 850-1400nm, or from 850-1300nm, or from 850-1200nm, or from 850-1100nm, or from 850- 1000nm, or from 850-900nm, or from 900-1900nm, or from 900-1800nm, or from 900-1700nm, or from 900-1600nm, or from 900-1500nm, or from 900- 1400nm, or from 900-1300nm, or from 900-1200nm, or from 900-1100nm, or from 900-1000nm, or from 801-1900nm, or from 801-1800nm, or from 801- 1700nm, or from 801-1600nm, or from 1000-1500nm, or from 1000-1400nm, or from 1000-1300nm, or from 1000-1200nm, or from 1000-1100nm. In a class of this embodiment, the component A is present at from 0.1-20wt%, or 0.1-15wt%, or 0.1-10wt%, or 5-20wt%, or 5-15wt%, or 5-10wt%, or 10-20wt%, 10-15wt%, or 0.1-30wt%, or 0.1-20wt%, or 15wt%, or 5-30wt%, or 5-20wt%, or 5-15wt%, or 5-10wt%, or 10-30wt%, or 10-20wt%, or 10-15wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the composition further comprises a component B, wherein the component B absorbs light with a wavelength that is in the range of from 300nm to 400 nm. In one class of this embodiment, the component B is present at from 0- 30wt%, or from 0-25wt%, or from 0-20wt%, or from 0-15wt%, or from 0- 10wt%, 0.1-30wt%, 0.1-20wt%, or 0.1-10wt%, or from 1-30wt%, or from 1- 25wt%, or from 1-20wt%, or from 1-15wt%, or from 1-10wt%, or from 5- 30wt%, or from 5-25wt%, or from 5-20wt%, or from 5-15wt%, or from 5- 10wt%, or from 10-30wt%, or from 10-25wt%, or from 10-20wt%, or from 10- 15wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment of the third aspect, the composition further comprises additives such as plasticizers, stabilizers, antiblocks, slip agents, lubricants, dyes, pigments, retardation modifiers, or combinations thereof. Examples of these additives are found in US 2009 / 0050842, US 2009 / 0054638, and US 2009 / 0096962; the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the composition further comprises a plasticizer. In one class of this embodiment, the plasticizer is a phosphoric acid-based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a glycolate based plasticizer, a citric acid ester-based plasticizer, a carbohydrate ester-based plasticizer, and an alditol ester-based plasticizer. In one class of this embodiment, the plasticizer is present at from 0-30wt%, or 0.1-30wt%, or 1-30wt%, or 5-30wt%, or 10- 30wt%, or 0.1-20wt%, or 5-20wt%, or 10-20wt%, or 0.1-10wt%, based on the total weight of the composition. Examples of phosphoric acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to triphenyl phosphate (TPP), tricresyl phosphate, cresyl phenyl phosphate, octyl diphenyl phosphate, diphenyl biphenyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and tributyl phosphate. Phthalic acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to diethyl phthalate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, dioctyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, di-2-ethyl hexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and dibenzyl phthalate. Citric acid ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to acetyl trimethyl citrate, and acetyl tributyl citrate. Glycolate-based plasticizers include but are not limited to alkyl phthalyl alkyl glycolate, such as methyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate (EPEG), propyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate, propyl phthalyl butyl glycolate, butyl phthalyl propyl glycolate, methyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, ethyl phthalyl octyl glycolate, octyl phthalyl methyl glycolate, and octyl phthalyl ethyl glycolate. Other useful plasticizers include, but are not limited to, butyl oleate, methyl acetyl ricinolate, dibutyl sebacate, and triacetin. Carbohydrate ester-based plasticizers include, but are not limited to, esters of 6-carbon aldose sugars, such as glucose pentapropionate, glucose pentaisobutyrate, and glucose pentatbutyrate; esters of 6-carbon ketose sugars such as fructose pentapropionate, fructose pentaisobutyrate, fructose pentatbutyrate; esters of 5-carbon aldose sugars, such as xylose tetrapropionate, xylose tetraisobutyrate, and xylose tetrabutryate. Alditol ester-based plasticizers include but are not limited to 5- carbon alditol esters, such as xylitol pentapropionate, xylitol pentaisobutryate, and xylitol pentabutyrate; 6-carbon alditol esters, such as mannitol hexapropionate, mannitol hexaisobutyrate, and mannitol hexabutyrate. Other useful plasticizers include triphenyl phosphate, xylitol pentaacetate, trimethyl pentanoyl diisobutyrate, 2-naphthyl benzoate or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment or in combination with any other embodiment in the third aspect, the composition further comprising a solvent. In one class of this embodiment, the composition is a dope. Solvents which are useful for preparation of the dope according to the present invention may be employed without any limitations as long as they are capable of simultaneously dissolving the cellulose ester and any additional additives, such as plasticizers. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the organic solvents comprise halogenated solvents and / or non- halogenated solvents. Examples of halogenated solvents include, but are not limited to, methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, 2,2,2- trifluoroethanol, 2,2,3,3-hexafluoro-l-propanol, 1,3-difluoro-2-propanol, 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methyl-2-propanol, 1,1,1,3, 3,3-hexafluoro-2- propanol, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-lpropanol. Examples of non-halogenated solvents include, but are not limited to, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, sec-butyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, amyl acetate, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, 1,3- dioxolane, 1,4-dioxane, cyclohexanone, ethyl formate, nitroethane, or combinations thereof. The present application also discloses, in a fourth aspect, a pellet comprising any of the compositions disclosed herein. The present application also discloses, in a fifth aspect, a melt comprising any of the compositions disclosed herein. EXPERIMENTAL SECTION Abbreviations Tg is glass transition temperature; min is minute(s);oC is degree(s) Celsius; h is hour; MD is machine direction; mm is millimeter(s); Rth is out-of- plane retardation; Re is in-plane retardation; DSPr is average degree of substitution for propionyl substituents; DSBz is average degree of substitution for benzoyl substituents; DSPV is average degree of substitution for pivaloyl substituents; DSNP is average degree of substitution for naphthoyl substituents; BzCl is benzoyl chloride; CEx is Comparative Example(s); rt is room temperature; CMPT is component; DMTA Measurements DMTA measurements were run DMA Q800 from TA Instruments with isothermal temperature set for 5 min followed by temperature ramp from 25°C to 230°C at 3°C / min. The oscillation strain was set at 0.1%. Onset point of storage modulus can be used to determine the Tg of the samples. DSC DSC measurements were run with DSC Q2000 from 0oC to 200oC or from 0oC to 240oC in first heat, cooled back to 0oC and reheat from 0oC to 200oC or 0oC to 240oC at rate of 10oC / min and 20oC / min.2nd heat curve was used to determine the Tg of the samples. Film Stretching Film stretching was done by Brückner Karo IV laboratory film stretcher. Stretching conditions, such as, stretch ratio, stretch temperature, pre-heating and post-annealing were varied to obtain specific optical retardation and dispersion according to the requirements of the applications. Films were cut into squares or rectangles. Film that underwent non-constrained stretch were held by clamps of stretcher on two sides (for example, on TD sides) while not held by clamps of stretcher on the other two sides (for example, on MD sides) during stretch. Films that underwent constrained stretch were held by clamps of stretcher on four sides (both TD and MD sides) during stretch. Stretch ratio is defined as the end dimension of the films after stretching relative to the dimension of the films before stretching along one direction as shown in equation 1. For example, for films stretched uniaxially along MD from 100mm to 140mm, the stretch ratio is defined as 1.4. Stretch ratio smaller than 1.0 means the films shrink along that direction. Equation 1: stretch ratio=(dimension after stretching) / (dimension before stretching) Optical Measurements Film optical retardation and dispersion measurements were made using a J.A. Woollam M-2000V Spectroscopic Ellipsometer having a spectral range from 370 to 1000 nm or J.A.Woollam RC2 Ellipsometer having a spectral range from 250 – 2500 nm. RetMeas (Retardation Measurement) program from J.A. Woollam Co., Inc. was used to obtain optical Re and Rth. The thickness of the films was measured using a Metricon Prism Coupler 2010 (Metricon Corp.) or using a handheld Positector 6000. The haze and b* measurements were obtained using a HunterLab Ultrascan VIS colorimeter in diffused transmittance mode (1-inch diameter port). Ex 1 Dope preparation: Resin 1 [CPBz (DSPr=1.18, DSBz=1.28) prepared via the same method with Ex 9 in WO2021163117A1 except that the BzCl mol eq was 1.32)], CMPT A (SpectrasenseTMIR 765 (absorption peak=765nm) purchased from Sun Chemical Colors & Effects GmbH), and CMPT B (TinuvinTM479 (absorption peak=320nm) was purchased from BASF) were added into DCM / MeOH = 95 / 5 wt / wt. Ratio of (Resin 1 + CMPT A + CMPT B) is shown in Table 1. Concentration of (Resin 1 + CMPT A + CMPT B) = wt of (Resin 1 + CMPT A + CMPT B) / wt of (Resin 1 + CMPT A + CMPT B + solvent) is 12wt%. The mixture was rolled on roller until Resin 1, CMPT A and CMPT B were fully dissolved. Film casting: the dope prepared above was coated on glass plate using a drawdown machine. The casted film was dried in hood at 21oC for 2.5 h, with the first 60 min covered with metal pans and the last 1.5 h not covered in hood. The films were peeled off the glass plate and further dried at 100oC for 10 min and 120oC for 10 min. The film was uniaxially stretched at 173oC to ratio at 1.4 via non-constrained stretch. The film has thickness at 47 µm. As is shown in Table 1, Ex 1 showed good reverse dispersion in both short and long wavelengths. CEx 1 and CEx 2 CEx 1 and CEx 2 were prepared the same method with Ex 1 except that no CMPT A was used (as shown in Table 2). CEx 1 was stretched at 195oC uniaxially to 1.4 via constrained stretch. The film has thickness at 68µm. CEx 2 was stretched at 175oC uniaxially to 1.4 via nonconstrained stretch. The film has thickness at 76µm. As is shown in Table 1, CEx 1 has normal dispersion in both short and long wavelengths. CEx 2 has reverse dispersion in short wavelength but flat in long wavelength. Ex 2-4 Ex 2-4 were prepared the same method with Ex 1 except that a different CMPT A was used. Ex 2-4 were soaked in methanol for 10 min and then stretched to 1.4 at rt. As is shown in Table 1, Ex 2 and Ex 4 showed good reverse dispersion in both short and long wavelengths. Ex 2 showed good reverse dispersion and Nz(589nm) close to 0.5. Ex 5 and CEx 3 Ex 5 and CEx 3 were prepared via the same method with Ex 1, except that Resin 2 (polystyrene purchased from Sigma Aldrich with an average Mw of ~192,000 was used instead of Resin 1 and different formulation was used. Ex 5 was stretched at 105oC to 1.6 via non-constrained method. CEx 3 was stretched at 100oC to 1.5 via constrained method. As is shown in Table 1, Ex 5 showed good wavelength dispersion in long wavelength range. In comparison, CEx 3 doesn’t have CMPT A and showed normal dispersion. Table 1. 5

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is:

1. A film, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent; or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β- trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β- fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene; the component A is a chemical that absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm;the film exhibits an in-plane retardation as measured at 650nm [“Re(650nm)”] and an in-plane retardation as measured at 550nm [“Re(550nm)”], the absolute value of the Re(550nm) is greater than 10 nm, the film exhibits a Re(650nm) / Re(550nm) that is greater than 1.0, the film is stretched.

2. The film of claim 1, wherein the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 750nm, or 800nm, or 900nm, or 1000nm, or 1500nm.

3. The film of any one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the component A is present at from 0.1-20wt%, based on the total weight of the film.

4. The film of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the film further comprises a component B, wherein the component B absorbs light with a wavelength that is in the range of from 300 nm to 400 nm.

5. The film of claim 4, wherein the component B is present at from 0.1- 30wt%, based on the total weight of the film.

6. The film of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the Re(650nm) / Rth(550nm) that is greater than 1.05, or greater than 1.1, or greater than 1.15, or greater than 1.2, or in the range of from 1.05 to 1.5, or in the range of from 1.05 to 1.4, or in the range of from 1.05 to 1.3, or in the range of from 1.05 to 1.2, or in the range of rom 1.1 to 1.5, or in the range of form 1.1 to 1.4, or in the range of from 1.1 to 1.3, or in the range of from 1.1 to 1.

2.

7. The film of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the film is an extruded film or a cast film.

8. The film of any one of claim 1-7, wherein the film is uniaxially stretched, biaxially stretched, or 45 degree stretched.

9. The film of any one of claims 1-8, wherein d is in the range of from 5-50 microns.

10. The film of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the film further comprises a plasticizer.

11. The film of claim 10, wherein the plasticizer is a phosphoric acid-based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a glycolate based plasticizer, a citric acid ester-based plasticizer, a carbohydrate ester-based plasticizer, and an alditol ester-based plasticizer.

12. The film of any one of claims 10-11, wherein the plasticizer is present from 0.1-30wt%, based on the total weight of the film.

13. A composition, comprising: (1) a resin; (2) a component A, wherein: the resin is: (i) a cellulose ester, comprising a plurality of an aromatic acyl substituent, or (ii) a homopolymer or a copolymer comprising residues derived from monomers selected from the group consisting of α,β,β- trifluorostyrene, α,β-difluorostyrene, β,β-difluorostyrene, β- fluorostyrene, α-fluorstyrene, styrene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2,2-diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(1- fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 2- ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1- (1,2-difluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2,2- diifluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-(2-fluoroethenyl)naphthalene, 1-ethenylnaphthalene, 1-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 1-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 1-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-(2,2-difluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2- (2-fluoroethenyl)-1,3-cyclopentadiene, 2-(1-fluoroethenyl)-1,3- cyclopentadiene, 2-ethenyl-1,3-cyclopentadiene; the component A absorbs light having a wavelength greater than 700nm.

14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the component A is present at from 0.1-20wt%,based on the total weight of the composition.

15. The composition of any one of claims 13-14, wherein the composition further comprises a plasticizer.

16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the plasticizer is a phosphoric acid- based plasticizer, a phthalic acid ester-based plasticizer, a glycolate based plasticizer, a citric acid ester-based plasticizer, a carbohydrate ester-based plasticizer, and an alditol ester-based plasticizer.

17. The composition of any one of claims 15-16, wherein the plasticizer is present from 0.1-30wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.

18. The composition of any one of claims 13-17, wherein the composition further comprises a component B, wherein the component B absorbs light with a wavelength that is in the range of from 300nm to 400 nm.

19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the component B is present at from 0.1-30wt%, based on the total weight of the composition.

20. A pellet comprising the composition of any one of claims 13-19.

21. The composition of any one of claims 13-19, wherein the composition further comprises a solvent, wherein the composition is a dope.

22. A melt comprising the composition of any one of claims 13-19.

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