Cell penetrating peptide compounds and using thereof
The introduction of sulfur-containing cell penetrating peptides with specific amino acid compositions addresses the inefficiencies and degradation issues of previous CPPs, achieving enhanced cytosolic delivery and safety for membrane-impermeable cargoes.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/104011
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-27
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-26
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) face challenges with low cytosolic entry efficiencies and susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, limiting their effectiveness in delivering membrane-impermeable cargoes into cells.
Development of cell penetrating peptide compounds with sulfur-containing groups, specifically formed by attaching C or P to R1, incorporating at least two arginines or arginine analogs and three hydrophobic amino acids, to enhance cytosolic entry efficiencies and safety.
The proposed CPPs demonstrate improved cytosolic entry efficiencies and safety, addressing the limitations of previous generations and enhancing the delivery of membrane-impermeable cargoes into cells.
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Figure CN2025104011_02012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
CELL PENETRATING PEPTIDE COMPOUNDS AND USING THEREOF
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the priority to PCT Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 102020, filed on 27 June, 2024. The contents of the prior PCT applications are considered as a part of the present disclosure and are incorporated herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates to the pharmaceutical field, specifically to a cell penetrating peptide compound, method of preparing and using thereof.BACKGROUND
[0004] Cell penetrating peptides (CPPs) , which are short peptides, have emerged as a promising means of delivering membrane-impermeable cargoes into cells. However, linear cell penetrating peptides, like the first-generation CPPs, have low cytosolic entry efficiencies and are also susceptible to proteolytic degradation in vivo. Consequently, cyclic cell penetrating peptides, as the second-generation of CPPs, have potentially enhanced research value. However, there still exists a great need for CPPs with high cytosolic entry efficiencies and improved safety.SUMMARY
[0005] For the above-mentioned purpose, the present disclosure provides a cell penetrating peptide compound, method of preparing and using thereof. The cycles of the CPPs in the present disclosure are formed by attachment of the sulfur-containing group to R1, wherein, R1 is selected from C or P, and the CPPs have high cytosolic entry efficiencies and improved safety.
[0006] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell penetrating peptide compound having the following formula (I) ,
[0007] a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof, wherein:
[0008] AA1 and AA2 are independently selected from amino acids, wherein, at least two arginines or arginine analogs, and at least three hydrophobic amino acids are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;
[0009] is single bond or double bond;
[0010] R1 is selected from C or P;
[0011] R2 is H, O, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 haloalkyl;
[0012] R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, hydroxyl or
[0013] R5 and R6 are independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally, the aryl and heteroaryl are substituted;
[0014] R7 and R8 are independently selected from H, -C (=O) - (C1-C6 alkyl) , C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, a protecting group of N or -L1-U1;
[0015] Y is selected from hydroxyl, amino, a protecting group of the carboxylate or -L2-U2, optionally, the amino is substituted with C1-C6 alkyl;
[0016] L1 and L2 are independently selected from absent or a linker moiety;
[0017] U1 and U2 are independently selected from absent, a cargo moiety or a third peptide domain;
[0018] n1, n2, n3, n4, n5 and n6 are independently selected from 0-10;
[0019] m1 and m2 are independently selected from 1-20.
[0020] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of preparing the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to the present disclosure.
[0021] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a fusion peptide comprising the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to the present disclosure.
[0022] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to the present disclosure or the fusion peptide according to the present disclosure and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable ingredient.
[0023] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the cell penetrating peptide compound according to the present disclosure, the fusion peptide according to the present disclosure or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a drug for diagnosing, preventing or treating a disease.
[0024] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of diagnosing, preventing or treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the cell penetrating peptide compound according to the present disclosure or the fusion peptide according to the present disclosure or the pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The present disclosure is explained in greater detail below. This description is not intended to be a detailed catalog of all the different ways in which the invention may be implemented, or all the features that may be added to the instant invention. For example, features illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be incorporated into other embodiments, and features illustrated with respect to a particular embodiment may be deleted from that embodiment. In addition, numerous variations and additions to the various embodiments suggested herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the instant disclosure which do not depart from the instant invention. Hence, the following description is intended to illustrate some particular embodiments of the invention, and not to exhaustively specify all permutations, combinations and variations thereof.
[0026] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein may be used in the practice for testing of the present disclosure, the preferred materials and methods are described herein.
[0027] Unless otherwise defined herein, scientific and technical terms used in connection with the present disclosure shall have the meanings that are commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. Further, unless otherwise required by context, singular terms shall include pluralities and plural terms shall include the singular. More specifically, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to “acell penetrating peptide compound” includes a plurality of cell penetrating peptides. In this application, the use of “or” means “and / or” unless stated otherwise.
[0028] Throughout this disclosure, unless the context requires otherwise, the words “comprise” , “comprises” , “comprising” , “contain” , “contains” and “containing” will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated step or element or group of steps or elements but not the exclusion of any other step or element or group of steps or elements. By “consisting of” is meant including, and limited to, whatever follows the phrase “consisting of” . Thus, the phrase “consisting of” indicates that the listed elements are required or mandatory, and that no other elements may be present.
[0029] Cell penetrating peptide compounds
[0030] In the first aspect, the present disclosure provides a cell penetrating peptide compound having the following formula (I) ,
[0031] a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof, wherein:
[0032] AA1 and AA2 are independently selected from amino acids, wherein, at least two arginines or arginine analogs, and at least three hydrophobic amino acids are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;
[0033] is single bond or double bond;
[0034] R1 is selected from C or P;
[0035] R2 is H, O, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 haloalkyl;
[0036] R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, hydroxyl or
[0037] R5 and R6 are independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally, the aryl and heteroaryl are substituted;
[0038] R7 and R8 are independently selected from H, -C (=O) - (C1-C6 alkyl) , C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, a protecting group of N or -L1-U1;
[0039] Y is selected from hydroxyl, amino, a protecting group of the carboxylate or -L2-U2, optionally, the amino is substituted with C1-C6 alkyl;
[0040] L1 and L2 are independently selected from absent or a linker moiety;
[0041] U1 and U2 are independently selected from absent, a cargo moiety or a third peptide domain;
[0042] n1, n2, n3, n4, n5 and n6 are independently selected from 0-10;
[0043] m1 and m2 are selected from 1-20.
[0044] As used herein, the term “and / or” refers to either “and” or “or” unless indicated otherwise.
[0045] As used herein, the term “substituted” refers to that the specified group or moiety bears one or more suitable substituents wherein the substituents may connect to the specified group or moiety at one or more positions. For example, an aryl substituted with -OH may indicate that -OH connects to one atom of the aryl with a bond.
[0046] As used herein, the term “alkyl” refers to a fully saturated branched or unbranched hydrocarbon moiety having up to 20 carbon atoms. As herein defined, alkyl may also be a C1-C6 alkyl. Representative alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2, 2-dimethylpentyl, 2, 3-dimethylpentyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, n-nonyl, n-decyl, and the like.
[0047] As used herein, the term “alkylene” refers to a divalent alkyl radical. Any of the mentioned monovalent alkyl groups may be an alkylene by abstraction of a second hydrogen atom from the alkyl. As herein defined, alkylene may also be a C0-C6 alkylene. An alkylene may further be a C1-C4 alkylene. Representative alkylene groups include, but are not limited to, -CH2-, -CH (CH3) -, -C (CH3) 2-, -CH2CH2-, -CH2-CH (CH3) -, -CH2C (CH3) 2-, -CH2CH2CH2-, -CH2CH2CH2CH2-, and the like.
[0048] As used herein, the term “aryl” refers to a cyclic, aromatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 aromatic rings, including monocyclic or bicyclic groups such as phenyl, biphenyl, or naphthyl. When containing two aromatic rings (bicyclic, etc. ) , the aromatic rings of the aryl group are optionally joined at a single point (e.g., biphenyl) , or fused (e.g., naphthyl) . The aryl group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents, e.g., 1 to 5 substituents, at any point of attachment. Representative substituents include, but are not limited to, -H, -halogen, -CN, -O-(C1-C6 alkyl) , -C1-C6 alkyl, -O- (C1-C6 alkylene) , -C1-C6 alkylene, -O- (C1-C6 alkynyl) , -C1-C6 alkynyl, -OH, -NH2, and the like. The substituents are themselves optionally substituted. Furthermore, when containing two fused rings, the aryl groups optionally have an unsaturated or partially saturated ring fused with a fully saturated ring. Representative ring systems of these aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, biphenyl, naphthyl, anthraceny, phenalenyl, phenanthrenyl, indanyl, indenyl, tetrahydronaphthalenyl, tetrahydrobenzoannulenyl, and the like.
[0049] As used herein, the term “heteroaryl” refers to a monovalent monocyclic aromatic radical of 5 to 24 ring atoms or a polycyclic aromatic radical, containing one or more ring heteroatoms selected from N, O, or S, the remaining ring atoms being C. Heteroaryl as herein defined also means a bicyclic heteroaromatic group wherein the heteroatom is selected from N, O, or S. As herein defined, heteroaryl may also be a 5-10 membered heteroaryl. The aromatic radical is optionally substituted independently with one or more substituents described herein. Representative heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, thiophen-2-yl, quinolyl, benzopyranyl, isothiazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazole, indazole, benzimidazolyl, thieno [3, 2-b] thiophene, triazolyl, triazinyl, imidazo [1, 2-b] pyrazolyl, furo [2, 3-c] pyridinyl, imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridinyl, indazolyl, pyrrolo [2, 3-c] pyridinyl, pyrrolo [3, 2-c] pyridinyl, pyrazolo [3, 4-c] pyridinyl, thieno [3, 2-c] pyridinyl, thieno [2, 3-c] pyridinyl, thieno [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, indolinyl, indolinonyl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, benzofuran, chromanyl, thiochromanyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydrobenzothiazine, dihydrobenzoxanyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, 1, 6-naphthyridinyl, benzo [de] isoquinolinyl, pyrido [4, 3-b] [1, 6] naphthyridinyl, thieno [2, 3-b] pyrazinyl, quinazolinyl, tetrazolo [1, 5-a]pyridinyl, [1, 2, 4] triazolo [4, 3-a] pyridinyl, isoindolyl, pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, pyrrolo [3, 4-b]pyridinyl, pyrrolo [3, 2-b] pyridinyl, imidazo [5, 4-b] pyridinyl, pyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrimidinyl, tetrahydropyrrolo [1, 2-a] pyrimidinyl, 3, 4-dihydro-2H-1Δ2-pyrrolo [2, 1-b] pyrimidine, dibenzo [b, d] thiophene, pyridin-2-one, furo [3, 2-c] pyridinyl, furo [2, 3-c] pyridinyl, 1H-pyrido [3, 4-b] [1, 4] thiazinyl, benzooxazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, furo [2, 3-b] pyridinyl, benzothiophenyl, 1, 5-naphthyridinyl, furo [3, 2-b] pyridine, [1, 2, 4] triazolo [1, 5-a] pyridinyl, benzo [1, 2, 3] triazolyl, imidazo [1, 2-a] pyrimidinyl, [1, 2, 4] triazolo [4, 3-b] pyridazinyl, benzo [c] [1, 2, 5] thiadiazolyl, benzo [c] [1, 2, 5] oxadiazole, 1, 3-dihydro-2H-benzo [d] imidazol-2-one, 3, 4-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo [1, 5-b] [1, 2] oxazinyl, 4, 5, 6, 7-tetrahydropyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridinyl, thiazolo [5, 4 d] thiazolyl, imidazo [2, 1-b] [1, 3, 4] thiadiazolyl, thieno [2, 3-b] pyrrolyl, 3H-indolyl, and derivatives thereof. Furthermore, when containing two fused rings, the aryl groups herein defined may have an unsaturated or partially saturated ring fused with a fully saturated ring. Exemplary ring systems of these heteroaryl groups include indolinyl, indolinonyl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzofuran, chromanyl, thiochromanyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, dihydrobenzothiazine, 3, 4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolinyl, 2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran, indolinyl, indolyl, and dihydrobenzoxanyl.
[0050] As used herein, the term “cyclic alkyl” or “cycloalkyl” refers to a saturated or unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon groups of 3-12 carbon atoms. Unless otherwise provided, cycloalkyl refers to cyclic hydrocarbon moiety having between 3 and 9 ring carbon atoms or between 3 and 7 ring carbon atoms, each of which can be optionally substituted with one, or two, or three, or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, halo, oxo, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkyl-C (O) -, acylamino, carbamoyl, alkyl-NH--, (alkyl) 2N--, thiol, alkyl-S-, nitro, cyano, carboxy, alkyl-O-C (O) -, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, sulfamoyl, and heterocyclyl. As herein defined, cycloalkyl may also be a 3-6 membered cycloalkyl. Representative cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclopentadienyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexenyl, 1, 3-cyclohexadienyl, 1, 4-cyclohexadienyl, and the like.
[0051] As used herein, the term “heterocyclyl” , “heterocycloalkyl” or “heterocyclo” refers to a saturated or monocyclic or polycyclic ring containing carbon and at least one heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur (O, N, or S) and wherein there is not delocalized n electrons (aromaticity) shared among the ring carbon or heteroatoms. The heterocycloalkyl ring structure may be substituted by one or more substituents. The substituents can themselves be optionally substituted. Examples of heterocyclyl rings include, but are not limited to, oxetanyl, azetadinyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, pyrrolidinyl, oxazolinyl, oxazolidinyl, thiazolinyl, thiazolidinyl, pyranyl, thiopyranyl, dioxalinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl S-oxide, thiomorpholinyl S-dioxide, piperazinyl, azepinyl, oxepinyl, diazepinyl, tropanyl, oxazolidinonyl, 1, 4-dioxanyl, dihydrofuranyl, 1, 3-dioxolanyl, imidazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, dithiolanyl, and homotropanyl.
[0052] As used herein, the term “halogen” refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.
[0053] As used herein, the term “amino” refers to a substituent containing at least one nitrogen atom, e.g., NH2.
[0054] As used herein, the term “hydroxyl” refers to -OH.
[0055] As used herein, the term “thiol” refers to -SH.
[0056] As used herein, the term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group substituted with one or more halogens. Representative alkylogen groups include, but are not limited to, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethly, pentafluoroethyl, trichloromethyl, and the like.
[0057] As used herein, the term “guanidine” refers to -NH-C (=NH) -NH2.
[0058] As used herein, the term “salt” or “salts” refers to an acid addition or base addition salt of a compound of the present invention. “Salt” include in particular “apharmaceutical acceptable salt” . The term “a pharmaceutically acceptable salt” refers to salt that retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the compounds of this invention and, which typically are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. In many cases, the compounds of the present invention are capable of forming acid and / or base salts by virtue of the presence of amino and / or carboxyl groups or groups similar thereto. When both a basic group and an acid group are present in the same molecule, the compounds of the present invention may also form internal salts, e.g., zwitterionic molecules.
[0059] As used herein, the term “stereoisomer” refers to a stable isomer that has at least one chiral atom or restricted rotation giving rise to perpendicular dissymmetric planes (e.g., certain biphenyls, allenes, and spiro compounds) and can rotate plane-polarized light. Because asymmetric centers and other chemical structure exist in the compounds of the disclosure which may give rise to stereoisomerism, the disclosure contemplates stereoisomers and mixtures thereof. The compounds of the disclosure and their salts include asymmetric carbon atoms and phosphorous atoms and may therefore exist as single stereoisomers, racemates, and as mixtures of enantiomers and diastereomers. Typically, such compounds will be prepared as a racemic mixture. If desired, however, such compounds can be prepared or isolated as pure stereoisomers, i.e., as individual enantiomers or diastereomers, or as stereoisomer-enriched mixtures. As discussed in more detail below, individual stereoisomers of compounds are prepared by synthesis from optically active starting materials containing the desired chiral centers or by preparation of mixtures of enantiomeric products followed by separation or resolution, such as conversion to a mixture of diastereomers followed by separation or recrystallization, chromatographic techniques, use of chiral resolving agents, or direct separation of the enantiomers on chiral chromatographic columns. Starting compounds of particular stereochemistry are either commercially available or are made by the methods described below and resolved by techniques well-known in the art.
[0060] As used herein, the term “enantiomer” refers to a pair of stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
[0061] As used herein, the term “diastereomer” refers to optical isomers which are not mirror images of each other.
[0062] As used herein, the term “racemate” refers to a mixture containing equal parts of individual enantiomers.
[0063] As used herein, the term “solvate” refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry formed by a solute, for example, a compound of Formula (I) and solvent, for example, water, ethanol, or acetic acid. This physical association may involve varying degrees of ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances, the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example, when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. In general, such solvents selected for the purpose of the disclosure do not interfere with the biological activity of the solute. Solvates encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Representative solvates include hydrates, ethanolates, methanolates, and the like.
[0064] In some embodiments, R1 is selected from C or P.
[0065] In some embodiments, R2 is selected from absent, H, O, C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl, C1 fluoroalkyl, C2 fluoroalkyl, C3 fluoroalkyl, C4 fluoroalkyl, C5 fluoroalkyl, C6 fluoroalkyl, C1 chloroalkyl, C2 chloroalkyl, C3 chloroalkyl, C4 chloroalkyl, C5 chloroalkyl, C6 chloroalkyl, C1 bromoalkyl, C2 bromoalkyl, C3 bromoalkyl, C4 bromoalkyl, C5 chloroalkyl or C6 bromoalkyl, . In some embodiments, R2 is selected from H, O, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, iso-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, trifluoromethyl, difluoromethly, pentafluoroethyl or trichloromethyl. In some embodiments, R2 is selected from H, O or -CH3.
[0066] In some embodiments, when is single bond, R1 is selected from C, R2 is H or C1-C6 alkyl; or, when is double bond, R1 is selected from P, R2 is O.
[0067] In some embodiments, when is single bond, R1 is C, R2 is selected from H, C1 alkyl, C2 alkyl, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl or C6 alkyl. In some embodiments, when is a single bond, R1 is C, R2 is selected from H or -CH3.
[0068] In some embodiments, when is a double bond, R1 is selected from P, R2 is O.
[0069] In some embodiments, n1, n2, n3, n4, n5 and n6 are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0070] In some embodiments, n3 and n5 are independently selected from 1-10. In some embodiments, n3 and n5 are independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0071] In some embodiments, n1 is 0; n2 is 1. In some embodiments, n1 is 1; n2 is 1.
[0072] In some embodiments, n3 is 1; n4 is 1.
[0073] In some embodiments, n5 is 1; n6 is 1.
[0074] In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are H, n1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. In some embodiments, R3 and R4 are H, n1 is 0.
[0075] In some embodiments, R3 is H, R4 is hydroxyl or n1 is , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. In some embodiments, R3 is H, R4 is n1 is 1.
[0076] In some embodiments, R7 and R8 are independently selected from H, -C (=O) -CH3, -C (=O) -CH2CH3, -C (=O) - (C3 alkyl) , -C (=O) - (C4 alkyl) , -C (=O) - (C5 alkyl) , -C (=O) - (C6 alkyl) , -CH3, -CH2CH3, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl, 5 membered aryl, 6 membered aryl, 7 membered aryl, 8 membered aryl, 9 membered aryl, 10 membered aryl, -CH2- (5-10 membered) aryl, -CH2CH2- (5-10 membered) aryl, - (C3 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C4 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C5 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, 5 membered heteroaryl, 6 membered heteroaryl, 7 membered heteroaryl, 8 membered heteroaryl, 9 membered heteroaryl, 10 membered heteroaryl, -CH2- (5-10 membered) heteroaryl, -CH2CH2- (5-10 membered) heteroaryl, - (C3 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, - (C4 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, - (C5 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl or - (C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl.
[0077] In some embodiments, R7 and R8 are independently selected from H, -C (=O) -CH3, -C (=O) -CH2CH3, -C (=O) - (C3 alkyl) , -CH3, -CH2CH3, C3 alkyl, phenyl, -CH2-phenyl, -CH2CH2-phenyl, - (C3 alkylene) -phenyl, biphenyl, -CH2-biphenyl, -CH2CH2-biphenyl, - (C3 alkylene) -biphenyl, naphthyl, -CH2-naphthyl, -CH2CH2-naphthyl, - (C3 alkylene) -naphthyl, furyl, -CH2-furyl, -CH2CH2-furyl, - (C3 alkylene) -furyl, pyridyl, -CH2-pyridyl, -CH2CH2-pyridyl, - (C3 alkylene) -pyridyl, pyrazolyl, -CH2-pyrazolyl, -CH2CH2-pyrazolyl, - (C3 alkylene) -pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, -CH2-imidazolyl, -CH2CH2-imidazolyl or - (C3 alkylene) -imidazolyl.
[0078] In some embodiments, R3 is H, R4 is R7 is H, R8 is -C (O) - (C1-C6 alkyl) , n1 is 1.
[0079] In some embodiments, R3 is H, R4 is R7 is H, R8 is -C (=O) -CH3, -C (=O) -CH2CH3, -C (=O) - (C3 alkyl) , -C (=O) - (C4 alkyl) , -C (=O) - (C5 alkyl) , -C (=O) - (C6 alkyl) , n1 is 1.
[0080] In some embodiments, the amino acids in AA1 and AA2 are natural amino acids, non-natural amino acids or amino acid analogs.
[0081] In some embodiments, the amino acids in AA1 and AA2 are L-amino acids and / or D-amino acids.
[0082] As used herein, the term “amino acids” or “amino acid” refers to a class of amphoteric organic compounds containing basic amino groups and acidic carboxyl groups, which is the basic building blocks of biologically functional macromolecular proteins. The amino acids in the present disclosure refer to natural amino acids, non-natural amino acids and amino acid analogs. The amino acids could be connected by a peptide bond (-C (=O) -NH-) . In some embodiments, the amino terminus of the amino acid could react with a carboxyl group (-COOH) to form -C (=O) -NH-. In some embodiments, the carboxyl terminus of the amino acid could react with a amino group (-COOH) to form -C (=O) -NH-. The amino acid in peptides or compounds comprising the amino acids mean the amino acid residue.
[0083] As used herein, the term “non-natural amino acids” or “non-natural amino acid” refers to an organic compound that is a congener of a natural amino acid in that it has a structure similar to a natural amino acid so that it mimics the structure and reactivity of a natural amino acid. The non-natural amino acid can be a modified amino acid, and / or amino acid analog, that is not one of the 20 common naturally occurring amino acids or the rare natural amino acids selenocysteine or pyrrolysine. Non-natural amino acids can also be the D-isomer of the natural amino acids.
[0084] As used herein, the term “amino acid analogs” or “amino acid analogs” refers to a variant of an amino acid that retains at least one function of the amino acid, such as the ability to bind an oligonucleotide through electrostatic interactions. Such variants may have an elongated or shorter side chain (e.g., by one or more -CH2-groups that retains the ability to bind an oligonucleotide through electrostatic interactions, or alternatively, the modification can improve the ability to bind an oligonucleotide through electrostatic interactions. For example, an arginine analog may include an additional methylene or ethylene between the backbone and guanidine / guanidinium group. Other examples include amino acids with one or more additional substituents (e.g., Me, Et, halogen, thiol, methoxy, ethoxy, C1-haloalkyl, C2-haloalkyl, amine, guanidine, etc) . The amino acid-analog can be monovalent, divalent, or trivalent. The amino acid analogs in the present disclosure comprise ones that have a structure similar but not identical to an amino acid, e.g., due to a modification to the side chain or backbone on said amino acid. Such modifications may increase the hydrophobicity of the side chain, including elongation of the side chain by one or more hydrocarbons, or increasing the solvent accessible surface area (SASA as described herein) of an amino acid having an aromatic ring on its side chain, e.g., by conjugating a second aromatic ring or increasing the size of the aromatic ring. Derivatives of amino acids comprise natural and non-natural amino acids that have been modified (e.g., by substitution) to include a hydrophobic group as described herein. For example, a derivative of lysine includes lysine whose side chain has been substituted with alkylcarboxamidyl.
[0085] The amino acids or the amino acid analogs in the present disclosure are listed in the following table along with their abbreviations used herein. When found in peptides or compounds, the amino acids or the amino acid analogs table along with their abbreviations mean amino acid residues.
[0086] In some embodiments, the amino acids or the amino acid analogs in the present disclosure could be substituted by conservation substitutions. The following table is referred to as conservative substitution.
[0087] As used herein, the term “hydrophobic amino acids” or “hydrophobic amino acid” refers to the amino acids having a hydrophobic side chain. Representative hydrophobic side chain includes, but are not limited to, hydrophobic aryl side chain, hydrophobic heteroaryl side chain, hydrophobic heterocyclyl side chain, hydrophobic alkyl side chain, hydrophobic alkenyl side chain, hydrophobic alkynyl side chain, hydrophobic acyl side chain, hydrophobic alkylcarboxamidyl side chain or hydrophobic alkoxycarbonyl side chain.
[0088] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acids independently have a hydrophobic side chain selected from a hydrophobic aryl side chain, hydrophobic heteroaryl side chain, hydrophobic heterocyclyl side chain, hydrophobic alkyl side chain, hydrophobic alkenyl side chain, hydrophobic alkynyl side chain, hydrophobic acyl side chain, hydrophobic alkylcarboxamidyl side chain or hydrophobic alkoxycarbonyl side chain. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acids independently have a hydrophobic side chain selected from hydrophobic aryl side chain or hydrophobic heteroaryl side chain.
[0089] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acids independently have a hydrophobic side chain selected from C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heterocyclyl) , - (C0-C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered aryl) or - (C0-C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heteroaryl) , optionally, the alkyl, the heterocyclyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acids independently have a hydrophobic side chain selected from - (C0-C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered aryl) or - (C0-C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heteroaryl) , optionally, the alkyl, the heterocyclyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted.
[0090] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acids independently have a hydrophobic side chain selected from -CH3, -CH2CH3, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl, 5 membered heterocyclyl, 6 membered heterocyclyl, 7 membered heterocyclyl, 8 membered heterocyclyl, 9 membered heterocyclyl, 10 membered heterocyclyl, 11 membered heterocyclyl, 12 membered heterocyclyl, -CH2- (5-12 membered heterocyclyl) , -CH2CH2- (5-12 membered heterocyclyl) , - (C3 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heterocyclyl) , - (C4 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heterocyclyl) , - (C5 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heterocyclyl) , - (C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heterocyclyl) , 5 membered aryl, 6 membered aryl, 7 membered aryl, 8 membered aryl, 9 membered aryl, 10 membered aryl, 11 membered aryl, 12 membered aryl, -CH2- (5-12 membered aryl) , -CH2CH2- (5-12 membered aryl) , - (C3 alkylene) - (5-12 membered aryl) , - (C4 alkylene) - (5-12 membered aryl) , - (C5 alkylene) - (5-12 membered aryl) , - (C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered aryl) , 5 membered heteroaryl, 6 membered heteroaryl, 7 membered heteroaryl, 8 membered heteroaryl, 9 membered heteroaryl, 10 membered heteroaryl, 11 membered heteroaryl, 12 membered heteroaryl, -CH2- (5-12 membered heteroaryl) , -CH2CH2- (5-12 membered heteroaryl) , - (C3 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heteroaryl) , - (C4 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heteroaryl) , - (C5 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heteroaryl) or - (C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heteroaryl) , optionally, the alkyl, the heterocyclyl, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted.
[0091] In some embodiments, the substituent of the hydrophobic side chain could be any atom or group which does not significantly reduce the cytosolic delivery efficiency of the CPPs. In some embodiments, the substituent of the hydrophobic side chain could be a hydrophobic substituent or a hydrophilic substituent. In some embodiments, the substituent of the hydrophobic side chain is a hydrophobic substituent. In some embodiments, the substituent of the hydrophobic side chain is selected from halogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, cycloalkynyl, heterocyclyl, aryl, heteroaryl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, alkylcarbamoyl, alkylcarboxamidyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylthio, or arylthiol. In some embodiments, the substituent of the hydrophobic side chain is halogen.
[0092] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, phenylglycine, homophenylalanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, 3- (2-quinolyl) -alanine, O-benzylserine, 3- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -alanine, S- (4-methylbenzyl) cysteine, N- (naphthalen-2-yl) glutamine, 3- (1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -alanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, proline or methionine. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine or phenylalanine, wherein, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more substituents.
[0093] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from 1-naphthylalanine, 2-naphthylalanine, 3-benzothienylalanine, 4-fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, 2-pyridylalanine, 3-pyridylalanine, 4-pyridylalanine or phenylalanine. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from 2-naphthylalanine, 3-benzothienylalanine, 4-fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan or phenylalanine.
[0094] As used herein, the term “1-naphthylalanine” refers the animo acid having the following structure,
[0095] As used herein, the term “2-naphthylalanine” refers the animo acid having the following structure,
[0096] As used herein, the term “3-benzothienylalanine” refers the animo acid having the following structure,
[0097] As used herein, the term “4-fluorophenylalanine” refers the animo acid having the following structure,
[0098] As used herein, the term “2-pyridylalanine” refers the animo acid having the following structure,
[0099] As used herein, the term “3-pyridylalanine” refers the animo acid having the following structure,
[0100] As used herein, the term “4-pyridylalanine” refers the animo acid having the following structure,
[0101] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from L-1-naphthylalanine, D-1-naphthylalanine, L-2-naphthylalanine, D-2-naphthylalanine, L-3-benzothienylalanine, D-3-benzothienylalanine, L-4-fluorophenylalanine, D-4-fluorophenylalanine, L-tryptophan, D-tryptophan, L-2-pyridylalanine, D-2-pyridylalanine, L-3-pyridylalanine, D-3-pyridylalanine, L-4-pyridylalanine, D-4-pyridylalanine, L-phenylalanine or L-phenylalanine. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from L-2-naphthylalanine, D-2-naphthylalanine or L-3-benzothienylalanine. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from L-2-naphthylalanine, D-2-naphthylalanine, L-3-benzothienylalanine or L-4-fluorophenylalanine. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from L-2-naphthylalanine, L-3-benzothienylalanine or L-phenylalanine. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acid is selected from L-2-naphthylalanine, L-tryptophan or L-phenylalanine.
[0102] As used herein, the term “hydrophilic amino acids” or “hydrophilic amino acids” refers to the amino acids having a hydrophilic side chain. Representative hydrophilic side chain includes, but are not limited to, hydrophilic hydroxyalkyl side chain, hydrophilic hydroxyalkyene side chain, hydrophilic thiol alkylene chain, hydrophilic carboxamidyl alkylene chain, hydrophilic carboxamidyl alkylene chain or hydrophilic carboxyl alkylene chain. According to the charge characteristics of the hydrophilic side chain, the hydrophilic amino acids could be divided into the hydrophilic uncharged amino acids, hydrophilic negatively charged amino acids and hydrophilic positively charged amino acids. In certain embodiments, the hydrophilic uncharged amino acids comprise threonine, serine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, tyrosine. In certain embodiments, the hydrophilic negatively charged amino acids comprise aspartic acid or glutamic acid. In certain embodiments, the hydrophilic positively charged amino acids comprise lysine, arginine or histidine.
[0103] In some embodiments, the hydrophilic side chain of the hydrophilic amino acid is selected from hydrophilic hydroxyalkyl side chain, hydrophilic hydroxyalkyene side chain, hydrophilic thiol alkylene chain, hydrophilic carboxamidyl alkylene chain, hydrophilic carboxamidyl alkylene chain or hydrophilic carboxyl alkylene chain.
[0104] In some embodiments, the hydrophilic amino acid is selected from threonine, serine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic amino acid is selected from serine, asparagine or glutamine. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic amino acid is selected from L-serine, D-serine, L-asparagine, D-asparagine, L-glutamine or D-glutamine. In some embodiments, the hydrophilic amino acid is selected from L-serine, L-asparagine or L-glutamine.
[0105] In some embodiments, the amino acid in (AA1) m1 and / or (AA2) m2 comprises at least two arginines or arginine analogs, and at least three hydrophobic amino acids
[0106] In some embodiments, arginines or arginine analogs could just be found in (AA1) m1. In some embodiments, arginines or arginine analogs could just be found in (AA2) m2. In some embodiments, arginines or arginine analogs could be found both in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2.
[0107] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprises at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven arginines or arginine analogs, wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0108] As used herein, the term “adjacent” refers to two contiguous amino acids, which are connected by a covalent bond. “Adjacent” is also used interchangeably with “consecutive” .
[0109] In some embodiments, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven arginines or arginine analogs are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2, wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0110] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 comprise at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven arginines or arginine analogs, wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0111] In some embodiments, m1 and m2 are independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
[0112] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 and / or (AA2) m2 comprise zero arginines or arginine analogs, one arginines or arginine analogs, two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, four arginines or arginine analogs, four arginines or arginine analogs, five arginines or arginine analogs, six arginines or arginine analogs, seven arginines or arginine analogs, eight arginines or arginine analogs, nine arginines or arginine analogs, ten arginines or arginine analogs, eleven arginines or arginine analogs, twelve arginines or arginine analogs, thirteen arginines or arginine analogs, fourteen arginines or arginine analogs, fifteen arginines or arginine analogs, sixteen arginines or arginine analogs, seventeen arginines or arginine analogs, eighteen arginines or arginine analogs, nineteen arginines or arginine analogs or twenty arginines or arginine analogs, wherein, the amount of arginines or arginine analogs in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least two; wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0113] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprises zero arginines or arginine analogs, one arginines or arginine analogs, two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, four arginines or arginine analogs, four arginines or arginine analogs, five arginines or arginine analogs, six arginines or arginine analogs, seven arginines or arginine analogs, eight arginines or arginine analogs, nine arginines or arginine analogs, ten arginines or arginine analogs, eleven arginines or arginine analogs, twelve arginines or arginine analogs, thirteen arginines or arginine analogs, fourteen arginines or arginine analogs, fifteen arginines or arginine analogs, sixteen arginines or arginine analogs, seventeen arginines or arginine analogs, eighteen arginines or arginine analogs, nineteen arginines or arginine analogs or twenty arginines or arginine analogs; or,
[0114] two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, four arginines or arginine analogs, four arginines or arginine analogs, five arginines or arginine analogs, six arginines or arginine analogs, seven arginines or arginine analogs, eight arginines or arginine analogs, nine arginines or arginine analogs, ten arginines or arginine analogs, eleven arginines or arginine analogs, twelve arginines or arginine analogs, thirteen arginines or arginine analogs, fourteen arginines or arginine analogs, fifteen arginines or arginine analogs, sixteen arginines or arginine analogs, seventeen arginines or arginine analogs, eighteen arginines or arginine analogs, nineteen arginines or arginine analogs or twenty arginines or arginine analogs are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;
[0115] wherein, the amount of arginines or arginine analogs in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least two; wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0116] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 and / or (AA2) m2 comprise zero arginines or arginine analogs, one arginines or arginine analogs, two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, or four arginines or arginine analogs, wherein, the amount of arginines or arginine analogs in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least two; wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0117] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprises zero arginines or arginine analogs, one arginines or arginine analogs, two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, or four arginines or arginine analogs; or,
[0118] two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, or four arginines or arginine analogs are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;
[0119] wherein, the amount of arginines or arginine analogs in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least two; wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0120] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, or four arginines or arginine analogs.
[0121] In some embodiments, (AA2) m2 comprises zero arginines or arginine analogs, two arginines or arginine analogs.
[0122] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, or four arginines or arginine analogs, (AA2) m2 comprises zero arginines or arginine analogs, wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0123] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises zero arginines or arginine analogs, (AA2) m2 comprises two arginines or arginine analogs, wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0124] In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acids could just be found in (AA1) m1. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acids could just be found in (AA2) m2. In some embodiments, the hydrophobic amino acids could be found both in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2.
[0125] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprise at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven hydrophobic amino acids, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0126] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 comprise at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven hydrophobic amino acids, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0127] In some embodiments, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven hydrophobic amino acids are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0128] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 and / or (AA2) m2 comprises zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids, three hydrophobic amino acids, four hydrophobic amino acids, five hydrophobic amino acids, six hydrophobic amino acids, seven hydrophobic amino acids, eight hydrophobic amino acids, nine hydrophobic amino acids, ten hydrophobic amino acids, eleven hydrophobic amino acids, twelve hydrophobic amino acids, thirteen hydrophobic amino acids, fourteen hydrophobic amino acids, fifteen hydrophobic amino acids, sixteen hydrophobic amino acids, seventeen hydrophobic amino acids, eighteen hydrophobic amino acids, nineteen hydrophobic amino acids or the hydrophobic amino acids, wherein, the amount of the hydrophobic amino acids in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least three, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0129] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprises zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids, three hydrophobic amino acids, four hydrophobic amino acids, five hydrophobic amino acids, six hydrophobic amino acids, seven hydrophobic amino acids, eight hydrophobic amino acids, nine hydrophobic amino acids, ten hydrophobic amino acids, eleven hydrophobic amino acids, twelve hydrophobic amino acids, thirteen hydrophobic amino acids, fourteen hydrophobic amino acids, fifteen hydrophobic amino acids, sixteen hydrophobic amino acids, seventeen hydrophobic amino acids, eighteen hydrophobic amino acids, nineteen hydrophobic amino acids or the hydrophobic amino acids; or,
[0130] zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids, three hydrophobic amino acids, four hydrophobic amino acids, five hydrophobic amino acids, six hydrophobic amino acids, seven hydrophobic amino acids, eight hydrophobic amino acids, nine hydrophobic amino acids, ten hydrophobic amino acids, eleven hydrophobic amino acids, twelve hydrophobic amino acids, thirteen hydrophobic amino acids, fourteen hydrophobic amino acids, fifteen hydrophobic amino acids, sixteen hydrophobic amino acids, seventeen hydrophobic amino acids, eighteen hydrophobic amino acids, nineteen hydrophobic amino acids or the hydrophobic amino acids are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;
[0131] wherein, the amount of the hydrophobic amino acids in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least three, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0132] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 and / or (AA2) m2 comprises zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids, three hydrophobic amino acids, four hydrophobic amino acids or five hydrophobic amino acids, wherein, the amount of the hydrophobic amino acids in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least three, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0133] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprises zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids, three hydrophobic amino acids, four hydrophobic amino acids or five hydrophobic amino acids; or,
[0134] zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids, three hydrophobic amino acids, four hydrophobic amino acids or five hydrophobic amino acids are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;
[0135] wherein, the amount of the hydrophobic amino acids in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least three, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0136] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids or three hydrophobic amino acids.
[0137] In some embodiments, (AA2) m2 comprises one hydrophobic amino acid or three hydrophobic amino acids.
[0138] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid or two hydrophobic amino acids, (AA2) m2 comprises three hydrophobic amino acids, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.
[0139] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises three hydrophobic amino acids, (AA2) m2 comprises one hydrophobic amino acid.
[0140] In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises four arginines or arginine analogs, (AA2) m2 comprises three hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises three arginines or arginine analogs and one hydrophobic amino acid, (AA2) m2 comprises three hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises two arginines or arginine analogs and two hydrophobic amino acids, (AA2) m2 comprises three hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, (AA1) m1 comprises three hydrophobic amino acids, (AA2) m2 comprises one hydrophobic amino acid and two arginines or arginine analogs.
[0141] In some embodiments, - (AA1) m1-has the following formula (II) , and / or the - (AA2) m2-has the following formula (III) ,
[0142] - (AA11) m3 -AA12 - (AA1 3) m4 - (AA1 4) m5 - (AA1 5) m6-AA1 6 - (AA1 7) m7 - (II) - (AA21) m8- (AA22) m9- (AA23) m10- (III)
[0143] AA11, AA13, AA15, AA17, AA21 and AA23 are independently selected from amino acid or absent;
[0144] AA12 and AA16 are independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs, or the hydrophobic amino acids;
[0145] AA14 is independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs;
[0146] AA22 is independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids;
[0147] m3, m4, m6, m7, m8 and m10 are independently selected from 0-10;
[0148] m5 is selected from 2-7;
[0149] m9 is selected from 3-7.
[0150] In some embodiments, the cell penetrating peptide compound having the following formula (I-1) ,
[0151] In some embodiments, AA11, AA13, AA15, AA17, AA21 and AA23 are absent, m5 is selected from 2-4, m9 is selected from 3-5.
[0152] In some embodiments, AA11, AA13, AA15, AA17 is absent.
[0153] In some embodiments, m3, m4, m6 and m7 are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0154] In some embodiments, AA14 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, m5 is selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.
[0155] In some embodiments, AA12 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs or the hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, AA12 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, phenylglycine, homophenylalanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, 3- (2-quinolyl) -alanine, O-benzylserine, 3- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -alanine, S- (4-methylbenzyl) cysteine, N- (naphthalen-2-yl) glutamine, 3- (1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -alanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, proline or methionine. In some embodiments, AA12 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, or 3-benzothienylalanine. In some embodiments, AA12 is selected from D-arginines or D-arginine analogs, or D-3-benzothienylalanine.
[0156] In some embodiments, AA16 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs or the hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, AA16 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, phenylglycine, homophenylalanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, 3- (2-quinolyl) -alanine, O-benzylserine, 3- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -alanine, S- (4-methylbenzyl) cysteine, N- (naphthalen-2-yl) glutamine, 3- (1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -alanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, proline or methionine. In some embodiments, AA16 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, or 4-fluorophenylalanine. In some embodiments, AA16 is selected from L-arginines or L-arginine analogs, or L-4-fluorophenylalanine.
[0157] In some embodiments, in formula (II) , the - (AA1) m1-is selected from -rRrR-, -rRrJ-, -rRrB-, -rRrΦ-, -rRrW-, -rRrF-, -rRrV-, -rRrL-, -rRrI-, -rRrA-, -rRrP-, -rRrM-, -bRrJ-, -bRrB-, -bRrΦ-, -bRrW-, -bRrF-, -bRrV-, -bRrL-, -bRrI-, -bRrA-, -bRrP-, -bRrM-, -φRrB-, -φRrΦ-, -φRrW-, -φRrF-, -φRrV-, -φRrL-, -φRrI-, -φRrA-, -φRrP-, -φRrM-, -wRrB-, -wRrΦ-, -wRrW-, -wRrF-, -wRrV-, -wRrL-, -wRrI-, -wRrA-, -wRrP-, -wRrM-, -fRrB-, -fRrΦ-, -fRrW-, -fRrF-, -fRrV-, -fRrL-, -fRrI-, -fRrA-, -fRrP-, -fRrM-, -vRrB-, -vRrΦ-, -vRrW-, -vRrF-, -vRrV-, -vRrL-, -vRrI-, -vRrA-, -vRrP-, -vRrM-, -lRrB-, -lRrΦ-, -lRrW-, -lRrF-, -lRrV-, -lRrL-, -lRrI-, -lRrA-, -lRrP-, -lRrM-, -iRrB-, -iRrΦ-, -iRrW-, -iRrF-, -iRrV-, -iRrL-, -iRrI-, -iRrA-, -iRrP-, -iRrM-, -aRrB-, -aRrΦ-, -aRrW-, -aRrF-, -aRrV-, -aRrL-, -aRrI-, -aRrA-, -aRrP-, -aRrM-, -pRrB-, -pRrΦ-, -pRrW-, -pRrF-, -pRrV-, -pRrL-, -pRrI-, -pRrA-, -pRrP-, -pRrM-, -mRrB-, -mRrΦ-, -mRrW-, -mRrF-, -mRrV-, -mRrL-, -mRrI-, -mRrA-, -mRrP-, -mRrM-, -jRrB-, -jRrΦ-, -jRrW-, -jRrF-, -jRrV-, -jRrL-, -jRrI-, -jRrA-, -jRrP-or -jRrM-. In some embodiments, in formula (II) , the - (AA1) m1-is selected from -rRrR-, -rRrJ-or -bRrJ-.
[0158] In some embodiments, AA22 is independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, AA22 is independently selected from naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, phenylglycine, homophenylalanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, 3- (2-quinolyl) -alanine, O-benzylserine, 3- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -alanine, S- (4-methylbenzyl) cysteine, N- (naphthalen-2-yl) glutamine, 3- (1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -alanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, proline or methionine. In some embodiments, AA22 is independently selected from naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine or phenylalanine. In some embodiments, AA22 is independently selected from L-2-naphthylalanine, D-2-naphthylalanine, L-3-benzothienylalanine, D-3-benzothienylalanine, D-4-fluorophenylalanine, L-4-fluorophenylalanine or phenylalanine. In some embodiments, AA22 is independently selected from L-2-naphthylalanine, D-2-naphthylalanine or L-3-benzothienylalanine.
[0159] In some embodiments, m9 is selected from 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.
[0160] In some embodiments, AA21 and AA23 are absent.
[0161] In some embodiments, m8 and m10 are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0162] In some embodiments, in formula (III) , the - (AA2) m2-is selected from -ΦBφ-, -BBφ-, -JBφ-, -WBφ-, -FBφ-, -ΦΦφ-, -ΦJφ-, -ΦWφ-, -ΦFφ-, -ΦBb-, -ΦBj-, -ΦBw-, -ΦBf-, -BΦφ-, -BJφ-, -BWφ-, -BFφ-, -BBf-, -BBb-, -BBj-, -BBw-, -JΦφ-, -JJφ-, -JWφ-, -JFφ-, -JBb-, -JBj-, -JBw-, -JBf-, -WΦφ-, -WJφ-, -WWφ-, -WFφ-, -WBb-, -WBj-, -WBw-, -WBf-, -FΦφ-, -FJφ-, -FWφ-, -FFφ-, -FBb-, -FBj-, -FBw-or -FBf-. In some embodiments, in formula (III) , the - (AA2) m2-is -ΦBφ-.
[0163] In some embodiments, AA11, AA13, AA15 and AA17 are absent;
[0164] AA12 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, or 3-benzothienylalanine;
[0165] AA14 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs;
[0166] AA16 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, or 4-fluorophenylalanine;
[0167] AA21 and AA23 are absent;
[0168] (AA22) m9 is selected from ΦBφ;
[0169] m5 is 2.
[0170] In some embodiments, the - (AA1) m1-has the following formula (IV) , and / or the - (AA2) m2-has the following formula (V) ,
[0171] - (aa11) m11- (aa12) m12- (aa13) m13- (aa14) m14- (aa15) m15- (IV)
[0172] - (aa21) m16- (aa22) m17- (aa23) m18- (aa24) m19- (V)
[0173] aa11, aa13, aa15, aa21, aa22 and aa24 are independently selected from amino acid or absent;
[0174] aa12 and aa14 are independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids;
[0175] aa23 are independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs;
[0176] m11, m13, m15, m16, m17 and m19 are independently selected from 0-10;
[0177] m12 is selected from 1-3;
[0178] m14 are independently selected from 2-6;
[0179] m18 is selected from 2-7.
[0180] In some embodiments, the cell penetrating peptide compound having the following formula (I-2) ,
[0181] In some embodiments, aa11, aa15 and aa24 are absent; aa12 and aa14 are independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids; aa13 and aa22 are independently selected from hydrophilic amino acids; aa21 is independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids; aa23 are independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs; m12 is selected from 1-2; m13 is selected from 1-4; m14 is selected from 2-4; m16 is selected from 1-2; m17 is selected from 1-3;m18 is selected from 2-4.
[0182] In some embodiments, aa11 and aa15 are absent.
[0183] In some embodiments, m11 and m15 is independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0184] In some embodiments, aa12 is independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, aa12 is independently selected from naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, phenylglycine, homophenylalanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, 3- (2-quinolyl) -alanine, O-benzylserine, 3- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -alanine, S- (4-methylbenzyl) cysteine, N- (naphthalen-2-yl) glutamine, 3- (1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -alanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, proline or methionine. In some embodiments, aa12 is independently selected from naphthylalanine. In some embodiments, aa12 is independently selected from L-2-naphthylalanine.
[0185] In some embodiments, m12 is selected from 1, 2 or 3. In some embodiments, m12 is 1.
[0186] In some embodiments, aa14 is independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, aa14 is independently selected from naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, phenylglycine, homophenylalanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, 3- (2-quinolyl) -alanine, O-benzylserine, 3- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -alanine, S- (4-methylbenzyl) cysteine, N- (naphthalen-2-yl) glutamine, 3- (1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -alanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, proline or methionine. In some embodiments, aa14 is independently selected from phenylalanine or tryptophan. In some embodiments, aa14 is independently selected from L-phenylalanine or L-tryptophan.
[0187] In some embodiments, m14 is selected from 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6. In some embodiments, m14 is 2.
[0188] In some embodiments, - (aa14) m14-is selected from -WF-, -ΦF-, -BF-, -JF-, -FF-, -WΦ-, -WB-, -WJ-, -WW-, -ΦB-, -ΦJ-, -ΦW-, -ΦΦ-, -BΦ-, -BB-, -BJ-, -BW-, -JΦ-, -JB-, -JJ-, -JW-, -FΦ-, -FB-, -FJ-or -FW-. In some embodiments, - (aa14) m14-is -WF-.
[0189] In some embodiments, aa13 is independently selected from hydrophilic amino acids. In some embodiments, aa13 is independently selected from hydrophilic uncharged amino acids. In some embodiments, aa13 is independently selected from threonine, serine, asparagine, glutamine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid. In some embodiments, aa13 is independently selected from threonine, serine, asparagine, glutamine or tyrosine. In some embodiments, aa13 is independently selected from serine or asparagine. In some embodiments, aa13 is independently selected from L-serine or L-asparagine.
[0190] In some embodiments, m13 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10. In some embodiments, m13 is 2.
[0191] In some embodiments, - (aa13) m13-is selected from -SN-, -TN-, -NN-, -QN-, -YN-, -ST-, -SS-, -SQ-, -SY-, -TT-, -TS-, -TQ-, -TY-, -NT-, -NS-, -NQ-, -NY-, -QT-, -QS-, -QQ-, -QY-, -YT-, -YS-, -YQ-or -YY-. In some embodiments, - (aa13) m13-is -SN-.
[0192] In some embodiments, in formula (IV) , the - (AA1) m1-is selected from -ΦSNWF-.
[0193] In some embodiments, aa24 are absent.
[0194] In some embodiments, m19 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0195] In some embodiments, aa21 is independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids. In some embodiments, aa21 is independently selected from naphthylalanine, benzothienylalanine, fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, phenylglycine, homophenylalanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, 3- (2-quinolyl) -alanine, O-benzylserine, 3- (4- (benzyloxy) phenyl) -alanine, S- (4-methylbenzyl) cysteine, N- (naphthalen-2-yl) glutamine, 3- (1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl) -alanine, 3- (3-benzothienyl) -alanine, tyrosine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, alanine, proline or methionine. In some embodiments, aa21 is independently selected from 2-naphthylalanine, 3-benzothienylalanine, 4-fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan, phenylalanine or phenylglycine. In some embodiments, aa21 is independently selected from L-phenylalanine or D-phenylalanine.
[0196] In some embodiments, m16 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0197] In some embodiments, aa22 is independently selected from the hydrophilic amino acids. aa22 is independently selected from the hydrophilic uncharged amino acids. In some embodiments, aa22 is independently selected from threonine, serine, asparagine, glutamine, tyrosine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid. In some embodiments, aa22 is independently selected from threonine, serine, asparagine, glutamine or tyrosine. In some embodiments, aa22 is independently selected from L-glutamine or D-glutamine.
[0198] In some embodiments, m17 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0199] In some embodiments, aa23 are independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs, m18 is selected from 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. In some embodiments, aa23 is independently selected from L-arginines or D-arginines, m18 is 2.
[0200] In some embodiments, in formula (V) , the - (AA2) m2-is selected from -RR-, -FQRR-, -ΦQRR-, -BQRR-, -JQRR-, -WQRR-, -FTRR-, -FSRR-, -FNNRR-, -FYRR-, -ΦTRR-, -ΦSRR-, -ΦNRR-, -ΦYRR-, -BTRR-, -BSRR-, -BNRR-, -BYRR-, -JTRR-, -JSRR-, -JNRR-, -JYRR-, -WTRR-, -WSRR-, -WNRR-or -WYRR-. In some embodiments, in formula (V) , the - (AA2) m2-is selected from -FQRR-.
[0201] In some embodiments, aa11 and aa15 are absent;
[0202] aa12 is 2-naphthylalanine;
[0203] (aa13) m13 is SN;
[0204] (aa14) m14 is WF;
[0205] aa21 is phenylalanine;
[0206] aa22 is glutamine;
[0207] aa23 is arginines or arginine analogs;
[0208] aa24 is absent;
[0209] m16 and m17 are selected from 1;
[0210] m18 is selected from 2.
[0211] In some embodiments, in formula (IV) , the - (AA1) m1-is selected from -ΦSNWF-; in formula (V) , the - (AA2) m2-is selected from -FQRR-.
[0212] In some embodiments, the amino acid of the - (AA1) m1 -and the - (AA2) m2 -could be conservatively substituted. In some embodiments, the conservative substitutions are selected from that asparagine is replaced by glutamine or histidine, glutamine is replaced by asparagine or lysine.
[0213] In some embodiments, Y is selected from hydroxyl, amino, a protecting group of the carboxylate or -L2-U2, optionally, the amino is substituted with C1-C6 alkyl.
[0214] In some embodiments, Y is -L2-U2, L2 is selected from absent or a linker moiety, U2 is selected from absent, a cargo moiety or a third peptide domain.
[0215] In some embodiments, Y is -L2-U2, L2 is a linker moiety, U2 is absent.
[0216] In some embodiments, L2 is -R9- (CH2CH2-O-) q1-R10, R9 is selected from -NH-or -O-, R10 is selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2 or - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, q1 is selected from 1-20.
[0217] In some embodiments, q1 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 or 20.
[0218] In some embodiments, R10 is selected from H, -CH3, -CH2CH3, C3 alkyl, C4 alkyl, C5 alkyl, C6 alkyl, -C (=O) -NH2, -CH2-C (=O) -NH2, -CH2CH2-C (=O) -NH2, - (C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, - (C4 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, - (C5 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, - (C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, -C (=O) -OH, -CH2-C (=O) -OH, -CH2CH2-C (=O) -OH, - (C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, - (C4 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, - (C5 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH or - (C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH. In some embodiments, R10 is selected from H, C1-C3 alkyl, - (C0-C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2 or - (C0-C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, q1 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. In some embodiments, R10 is -CH2-C (=O) -NH2.
[0219] In some embodiments, Y is -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 2-CH2-C (=O) -NH2, -NH-CH2CH2-O-CH2-C (=O) -NH2, -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 3-CH2-C (=O) -NH2, -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 4-CH2-C (=O) -NH2, -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 5-CH2-C (=O) -NH2 or -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 6-CH2-C (=O) -NH2. In some embodiments, Y is -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 2-CH2-C (=O) -NH2.
[0220] In some embodiments, Y is -L2-U2, L2 is a linker moiety, U2 is selected from a cargo moiety or a third peptide domain.
[0221] In some embodiments, L2 is -R9- (CH2CH2-O-) q1-R10, R9 is selected from -NH-or -O-, R10 is selected from absent or a second linker moiety connecting -R9- (CH2CH2-O-) q1-and U2, U2 is selected from a cargo moiety or a third peptide domain, q1 is selected from 1-20.
[0222] In some embodiments, the second linker moiety is selected from - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, R11 is selected from - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2 or - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, n7 is selected from 0-10, q1 is selected from 1-10. In some embodiments, the second linker moiety is selected from - (C0-C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, R11 is selected from - (C0-C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, n7 and q1 are independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.
[0223] In some embodiments, the second linker moiety is selected from - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-. In some embodiments, the second linker moiety is selected from -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, -CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, -CH2CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, - (C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, - (C4 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, - (C5 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-or - (C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-. In some embodiments, the second linker moiety is -CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-.
[0224] In some embodiments, R11 is selected from - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2 or - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH. In some embodiments, R11 is selected from -C (=O) -NH2, -CH2-C (=O) -NH2, -CH2CH2-C (=O) -NH2, - (C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, - (C4 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, - (C5 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, - (C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, -C (=O) -OH, -CH2-C (=O) -OH, -CH2CH2-C (=O) -OH, - (C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, - (C4 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, - (C5 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH or - (C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH. In some embodiments, R11 is -C (=O) -NH2.
[0225] In some embodiments, n7 is selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.
[0226] In some embodiments, Y is selected from -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 2-CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (-C (=O) -NH2) - (CH2) n7-NH-U2, -NH-CH2CH2-O-CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (-C (=O) -NH2) - (CH2) n7-NH-U2, -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 3-CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (-C (=O) -NH2) - (CH2) n7-NH-U2, -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 4-CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (-C (=O) -NH2) - (CH2) n7-NH-U2, -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 5-CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (-C (=O) -NH2) - (CH2) n7-NH-U2, -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 6-CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (-C (=O) -NH2) - (CH2) n7-NH-U2. In some embodiments, Y is -NH- (CH2CH2-O-) 2-CH2-C (=O) -NHCH (-C (=O) -NH2) - (CH2) n7-NH-U2.
[0227] In some embodiments, U2 is the cargo moiety.
[0228] In some embodiments, there is no limit to the cargo moiety. People skilled in the art could select a suitable cargo moiety. In some embodiments, the cargo moiety comprises at least one of detectable moieties, therapeutic moieties, targeting moieties or any combination thereof.
[0229] In some embodiments, the detectable moiety is a biocompatible detectable moiety, such that the compounds can be suitable for use in a variety of biological applications. “Biocompatible” and “biologically compatible” , as used herein, generally refer to compounds that are, along with any metabolites or degradation products thereof, generally non-toxic to cells and tissues, and which do not cause any significant adverse effects to cells and tissues when cells and tissues are incubated (e.g., cultured) in their presence.
[0230] In some embodiments, the detectable moiety comprises any detectable label. In some embodiments, the detectable label comprises a UV-Vis label, a near-infrared label, a luminescent group, a phosphorescent group, a magnetic spin resonance label, a photosensitizer, a photocleavable moiety, a chelating center, a heavy atom, a radioactive isotope, an isotopic detectable spin resonance label, a paramagnetic moiety, a chromophore or any combination thereof.
[0231] In some embodiments, the detectable moiety comprises metal porphyrins, benzoporphyrins, azabenzoporphyrine, napthoporphyrin, phthalocyanine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as perylene, perylene diimine, pyrenes; azo dyes, xanthene dyes, boron dipyoromethene, aza-boron dipyoromethene, cyanine dyes, metalligand complex such as bipyridine, bipyridyls, phenanthroline, coumarin, and acetylacetonates of ruthenium and iridium; acridine, oxazine derivatives such as benzophenoxazine; aza-annulene, squaraine, 8-hydroxyquinoline, polymethines, luminescent producing nanoparticle, such as quantum dots, nanocrystals; carbostyril, terbium complex, inorganic phosphor, ionophore such as crown ethers affiliated or derivatized dyes, or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the detectable moiety comprises Pd (II) octaethylporphyrin, Pt (II) -octaethylporphyrin, Pd (II) tetraphenylporphyrin, Pt (II) tetraphenylporphyrin, Pd (II) meso-tetraphenylporphyrin tetrabenzoporphine; Pt (II) meso-tetrapheny metrylbenzoporphyrin, Pd (II) octaethylporphyrin ketone, Pt (II) octaethylporphyrin ketone, Pd (II) mesotetra (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin, Pt (II) meso-tetra (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin, Ru (II) tris (4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline) (Ru (dpp) 3) ; Ru (II) tris (1, 10-phenanthroline) (Ru (phen) 3) , tris (2, 2’ -bipyridine) rutheniurn (II) chloride hexahydrate (Ru (bpy) 3) , erythrosine B, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) , eosin, iridium (III) ( (Nmethyl-benzimidazol-2-yl) -7- (diethylamino) -coumarin) ) , indium (III) ( (benzothiazol-2-yl) -7- (diethylamino) -coumarin) ) -2- (acetylacetonate) , Lumogen dyes, Macroflex fluorescent red, Macrolex fluorescent yellow, Texas Red, rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, sulfur rhodamine, m-cresol, thymol blue, xylenol blue, cresol red, chlorophenol blue, bromocresol green, bromcresol red, bromothymol blue, a Cy2, a Cy3, a Cy5, a Cy5.5, Cy7, 4-nitirophenol, alizarin, phenolphthalein, o-cresolphthalein, chlorophenol red, calmagite, bromo-xylenol, phenol red, neutral red, nitrazine, 3, 4, 5, 6-tetrabromphenolphtalein, congo red, fluorescein, eosin, 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein, 5 (6) -carboxy-fluorecsein, carboxynaphthofluorescein (NF) , 8-hydroxypyrene-1, 3, 6-trisulfonic acid, seminaphthorhodafluor, semi-naphthofluorescein, tris (4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) dichloride, (4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline) ruthenium (II) tetraphenylboron, platinum (II) octaethylporphyin, dialkylcarbocyanine, dioctadecylcycloxacarbocyanine, fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride, 7-amino-4-methylcourmarin (Amc) ; green fluorescent protein (GFP) ; and derivatives or combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the detectable moiety comprises carboxynaphthofluorescein (NF) . In some embodiments, the detectable moiety comprises 5-carboxynaphthofluorescein and 6-carboxynaphthofluorescein.
[0232] In some embodiments, the therapeutic moieties refer to a compound that when administered to a subject will reduce one or more symptoms of a disease or disorder. In some embodiments, the therapeutic moieties could comprise a wide variety of drugs, including therapeutic antibodies, therapeutic proteins, therapeutic chemical compounds or the like. In some embodiments, the therapeutic moieties could include, but are not limited to, erlotinib, bortezomib, fulvestrant, sunitib imatinib, mesylate, letrozole, finasunate, platins such as oxaliplatin, carboplatin, and cisplatin, finasunate, fluorouracil, rapamycin, leucovorin, lapatinib, lonafamib, sorafenib, gefitinib, capmtothecin, topotecan, bryostatin, adezelesin, anthracyclin, carzelesin, bizelesin, dolastatin, auristatins, duocarmycin, eleutherobin, taxols such as paclitaxel or docetaxel, cyclophasphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone or prednisolone, other alkylating agents such as mechlorethamine, chlorambucil, and ifosfamide, antimetabolites such as azathioprine or mercaptopurine, other microtubule inhibitors (vinca alkaloids like vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine and vindesine, as well as taxanes) , podophyllotoxins (etoposide, teniposide, etoposide phosphate, and epipodophyllotoxins) , topoisomerase inhibitors, other cytotoxins such as actinomycin, daunorubicin, valrubicin, idarubicin, epirubicin, bleomycin, plicamycin, mitomycin, ibuprofen, loxoprofen, naproxen, diclofenac, indomethacin, meloxicam, lornoxicam, nabumetone, celecoxib, paracetamol, glucocorticoids, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, aprepitant, ondansetron, granisetron HCl, lorazepam, dexamethasone, prochlorperazine, casopitant, examethasone, beclomethasone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, hydroxyzine, cyproheptadine, bronchodilators, terbutaline, and the like.
[0233] In some embodiments, the targeting moieties could be target-specific antibodies. In some embodiments, the target of the targeting moieties comprises HER2, Trop2, HER3, EGFR, Nectin4, CD19, CD30, CD79b, C-Met, B7H3, B7H4, LIV-1, ROR1, ROR2, CDH6, CDH3, FOLR1, PSMA, 5T4, MUC1, MUC16, DLL3, MSLN, FGFR2b, FGFR3, CLDN6, Claudin18.2, CD20, CD25, CCR8, BCMA, GPRC5D, GPC3, CDH17, PD-L1, TNFα, GD2, TfR1, CD22, CD33, FAP, CD44, SnT or CD47.
[0234] In some embodiments, the cell penetrating peptide compound is selected from any one of the following
[0235] In some embodiments, the cell penetrating peptide compound is selected from any one of the following
[0236] Method of preparation
[0237] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of preparing the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to the present disclosure.
[0238] In some embodiments, the cell penetrating peptide compound could be prepared in a variety of ways known to one skilled in the art of organic synthesis or variations thereon as appreciated by those skilled in the art.
[0239] A fusion peptide
[0240] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a fusion peptide comprising the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to the present disclosure.
[0241] A pharmaceutical composition
[0242] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof described above or the fusion peptide described above and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable ingredient.
[0243] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” indicates that the designated carrier, vehicle, diluent, excipient (s) , and / or salt is generally chemically and / or physically compatible with the other ingredients comprising the formulation, and physiologically compatible with the recipient thereof.
[0244] As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable ingredient” refers to a substance useful in the preparation or use of a pharmaceutical composition and includes, for example, suitable diluents, solvents, dispersion media, surfactants, antioxidants, preservatives, isotonic agents, buffering agents, emulsifiers, absorption delaying agents, salts, drug stabilizers, binders, excipients, disintegration agents, lubricants, wetting agents, sweetening agents, flavoring agents, dyes, and combinations thereof, as would be known to those skilled in the art (see, for example, Remington The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 22nd Ed. Pharmaceutical Press, 2013, pp. 1049-1070) .
[0245] Pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may be formulated in any manner known in the art, such as, pharmaceutical compositions provided herein can be formulated for parenteral (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) administration in dosage unit form (i.e., physically discrete units containing a predetermined quantity of active compound for ease of administration and uniformity of dosage) .
[0246] Pharmaceutical compositions are formulated to be compatible with their intended route of administration (e.g., intravenous, intraarterial, intramuscular, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intraperitoneal) .
[0247] Pharmaceutical acceptable ingredients for use in the pharmaceutical compositions disclosed herein may include, for example, pharmaceutically acceptable liquid, gel, or solid carriers, aqueous vehicles, nonaqueous vehicles, antimicrobial agents, isotonic agents, buffers, antioxidants, anesthetics, suspending / dispending agents, sequestering or chelating agents, diluents, adjuvants, excipients, or non-toxic auxiliary substances, other components known in the art, or various combinations thereof.
[0248] Suitable components may include, for example, antioxidants, fillers, binders, disintegrants, buffers, preservatives, lubricants, flavorings, thickeners, coloring agents, emulsifiers or stabilizers such as sugars and cyclodextrins. Suitable antioxidants may include, for example, methionine, ascorbic acid, EDTA, sodium thiosulfate, platinum, catalase, citric acid, cysteine, thioglycerol, thioglycolic acid, thiosorbitol, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and / or propyl gallate. As disclosed herein, inclusion of one or more antioxidants such as methionine in a composition comprising the cell penetrating peptide compound thereof and conjugates provided herein decreases oxidation of the cell penetrating peptide compound thereof. This reduction in oxidation prevents or reduces loss of binding affinity, thereby improving the cell penetrating peptide compound’s stability and maximizing shelf-life. Therefore, in certain embodiments, pharmaceutical compositions are provided that include one or more of the cell penetrating peptide compound thereof as disclosed herein and one or more antioxidants such as methionine.
[0249] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions can be a liquid solution, suspension, or emulsion. In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions are formulated into an injectable composition. The injectable pharmaceutical compositions may be prepared in any conventional form, such as for example liquid solution, suspension, emulsion, or solid forms suitable for generating liquid solution, suspension, or emulsion. Preparations for injection may include sterile and / or non-pyretic solutions ready for injection, sterile dry soluble products, such as lyophilized powders, ready to be combined with a solvent just prior to use, including hypodermic tablets, sterile suspensions ready for injection, sterile dry insoluble products ready to be combined with a vehicle just prior to use, and sterile and / or non-pyretic emulsions. The solutions may be either aqueous or nonaqueous.
[0250] In some embodiments, there is the pH regulator in the pharmaceutical compositions, and the pH regulator is sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, acetic acid, sodium acetate, citric acid, sodium citrate, tartaric acid, sodium tartrate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid or the like.
[0251] In some embodiments, there is a stabilizer in the pharmaceutical compositions, and the stabilizer is disodium edilate, calcium disodium edilate, dipotassium edilate, diamine edilate, α-lipoic acid, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, sodium oleate, anhydrous sodium sulfite, sodium ascorbate, desferric amine, malate, citric acid, succinate, sodium, calcium and magnesium salts of malate, citric acid, succinate or the like.
[0252] Use of the cell penetrating peptide compound
[0253] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides use of the cell penetrating peptide compound according to the present disclosure, the fusion peptide according to the present disclosure or the pharmaceutical composition of the present disclosure in the manufacture of a drug for diagnosing, preventing or treating a disease.
[0254] As used herein, the term “diagnose” or “diagnosing” refers to have been subjected to a physical examination by a person of skill, for example, a physician, and found to have a condition that can be diagnosed or treated by the compounds, compositions, or methods disclosed herein. For example, “diagnosed with cancer” means having been subjected to a physical examination by a person of skill, for example, a physician, and found to have a condition that can be diagnosed or treated by a compound or composition that can treat or prevent cancer. As a further example, "diagnosed with a need for treating or preventing cancer" refers to having been subjected to a physical examination by a person of skill, for example, a physician, and found to have a condition characterized by cancer or other disease wherein treating or preventing cancer would be beneficial to the subject.
[0255] As used herein, the term “treat” of any disease refers to alleviating or ameliorating the disease (i.e., slowing or arresting the development of the disease or at least one of the clinical symptoms thereof) ; or alleviating or ameliorating at least one physical parameter or biomarker associated with the disease, including those which may not be discernible to the patient. For cancer, “treating” may refer to dampen or slow the tumor or malignant cell growth, proliferation, or metastasis, or some combination thereof. For tumors, “treatment” includes removal of all or part of the tumor, inhibiting or slowing tumor growth and metastasis, delaying the development of a tumor, or some combination thereof.
[0256] As used herein, the term “prevent" of any disease refers to the prophylactic treatment of the disease; or delaying the onset or progression of the disease.
[0257] Method of diagnosing, preventing or treating a disease
[0258] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of diagnosing, preventing or treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the cell penetrating peptide compound according to the present disclosure or the fusion peptide according to the present disclosure or the pharmaceutical composition according to the present disclosure.
[0259] As use herein, the term “subject” refers to mammals, primates (e.g., humans, male or female) , dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, pigs, rats and mice. In certain embodiments, the subject is a primate. In yet other embodiments, the subject is a human.
[0260] As used herein, the term "a therapeutically effective amount" refers to an amount of the cell penetrating peptide compound of the present disclosure that will elicit the biological or medical response of a subject, for example, ameliorate symptoms, alleviate conditions, slow or delay disease progression, or prevent a disease, etc. The therapeutically effective amount will vary with the type and severity of the condition to be alleviated. It is to be further understood that for any particular subject, specific dosage regimens should be adjusted over time according to the individual need and the professional judgment of the person administering or supervising the administration of the compositions. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount is based on a variety of factors, such as the type of disease, the age, weight, sex, medical condition of the patient, the severity of the condition, the route of administration, and the particular therapeutic agent employed. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount can vary widely, but can be determined routinely using standard methods. In some embodiments, the therapeutically effective amount can be adjusted based on the pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic parameters, which may include clinical effects such as toxic effects and / or laboratory values.
[0261] In some embodiments, the disease is cancer, autoimmune diseases, and the like.
[0262] In some embodiments, the cancer can include, but is not limited to, carcinoma, lymphoma, blastema, sarcoma, and leukemia or lymphoid malignancies. More particular examples of the cancer include squamous cell cancer (e.g., epithelial squamous cell cancer) , lung cancer including small-cell lung cancer, non-small cell lung cancer ( “NSCLC” ) , adenocarcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung, cancer of the peritoneum, hepatocellular cancer, gastric or stomach cancer including gastrointestinal cancer, pancreatic cancer, glioblastoma, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, liver cancer, bladder cancer, hepatoma, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, endometrial or uterine carcinoma, salivary gland carcinoma, kidney or renal cancer, prostate cancer, vulval cancer, thyroid cancer, hepatic carcinoma, anal carcinoma, penile carcinoma, as well as head and neck cancer.
[0263] It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that other suitable modifications and adaptations of the present application described herein are obvious and may be made using suitable equivalents without departing from the scope of the disclosure or the embodiments disclosed herein. Having now described the disclosure in detail, the same will be more clearly understood by reference to the following examples, which are included for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to be limiting. Further, unless specifically described otherwise, the reagent and the solvent described in the description can be easily obtained from a commercial supplier.
[0264] EXAMPLES
[0265] The application is further described in the following examples, which do not limit the scope of the invention described in the claims. Unless stated otherwise, all commercially available starting building blocks could be purchased from commercial vendors.
[0266] Example 1. Synthesis of cell penetrating peptide
[0267] The cell penetrating peptide disclosed herein can be prepared by solid phase synthesis. Procedures for completing difficult couplings are described in the following references: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2022 65 (19) , 13401-13412; Journal of the American Chemical Society 2023 145 (30) , 16610-16620; Journal of the American Chemical Society 2023 145 (44) , 24035-24051.
[0268] Example 1.1. Synthesis of Compound 1002
[0269] Step 1:
[0270] The peptide was synthesized using standard Fmoc chemistry according to the following steps.
[0271] (1) . Resin preparation: The Rink Amide MBHA resin (0.10 mmol, 1.00 eq, Sub 0.33 mmol / g) in DMF (10 mL) was agitated with N2 for 0.5 h at 20℃. Next, 20%piperidine in DMF (10 mL) was added, and the mixture was agitated with N2 for 10 min at 20℃. The resin was then washed with DMF (20 mL *5) and filtered.
[0272] (2) . Deprotection: 20%piperidine in DMF (10.0 mL) was added, and the resin was agitated with N2 for another 8.0 min. The resin was then washed with DMF (10.0 mL *5) and drained under vacuum.
[0273] (3) . Coupling: A solution of Fmoc-Lys (Dde) -OH (160 mg, 0.30 mmol, 3.00 eq) , DIEA (77.4 mg, 0.60 mmol, 6.00 eq) and HBTU (108 mg, 0.29 mmol, 2.85 eq) in DMF (3.00 mL) was added to the resin, and agitated with N2 for 30 min at 20 ℃. The resin was then washed with DMF (10.0 mL *5) .
[0274] (4) . The above steps 2 to 3 were repeated for the coupling of following amino acids: (2-12)
[0275] After the coupling of 2- (Tritylthio) Acetic Acid, 3%hydrazine in DMF (20.0 mL) was added to the resin, and the reaction was continued for 30 min. This deprotection step was then repeated one more time. The resin was drained, and washed with DMF (5 *20.0 mL) . Next, a solution of the fluorescent Compound 2 (the NF label, 1.5 eq) , DIEA (3.00 eq) and HATU (1.4 eq) in DMF (3.00 mL) was added to the resin, and agitated with N2 for 30 min at 20 ℃. Compound 2 was a mixture of regio-isomers (5-carboxynaphthofluorescein and 6-carboxynaphthofluorescein) . The resin was then washed with DMF (10.0 mL *5) .
[0276] Peptide cleavage and purification were conducted according to the following steps:
[0277] (1) . After the fluorescent Compound 2 (NF label) was coupled, the resin was washed with DMF (10.0 mL *5) , MeOH (10.0 mL *3) , and then filtered to afford 350 mg of resin.
[0278] (2) . Next, the cleavage solution (5.00 mL, 90.0%TFA / 2.50%TIS / 2.50%H2O / 5.0%3-Mercaptopropionic acid) was added to the flask containing the resin at room temperature and stirred for 2.0 hours, and filtered.
[0279] (3) . The peptide was then precipitated using cold isopropyl ether (35.0 mL) . The mixture was filtered and the crude peptide was washed with isopropyl ether (35.0 mL *2) . The crude peptide was obtained after drying under vacuum for 2 h to provide Crude Compound 1 (200 mg) . The structure was confirmed by LCMS (Rt = 1.650 min) analysis.
[0280] (4) . The crude peptide was purified by prep-HPLC (TFA condition: A: 0.075 %TFA in H2O, B: ACN) to provide Compound 1 (regio-isomers, 30.0 mg, 12.6 μmol, 12.6%yield) as a white solid. The structure was confirmed by LCMS (Rt = 1.509 min, MS cal. : 2258.85, MS observed: [M+2H] 2+ = 1130.5) and HPLC (Rt = 11.079 min) analysis.
[0281] Purification Conditions:
[0282] Step 2: To complete the synthesis of Compound 1002, DIEA was added to a solution of Compound 1 (10.0 mg, 4.21 μmol, 1.00 eq, TFA salt) and the tris-triflate of 2- (hydroxymethyl) -2-methylpropane-1, 3-diol (6.52 mg, 12.6 μmol, 3.00 eq) in DMF (50.0 mL) until the pH = 8~9. The reaction was stirred at 25 ℃ for 1.0 hr, and monitored by LCMS (Rt = 1.512 min) . Next, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude peptide was purified by prep-HPLC (0.075%TFA condition; 30 ℃, A: 0.075%TFA / H2O, B: CH3CN) to afford Compound 1002 (regio-isomers, 1.1 mg, 0.41 μmol, 9.7%yield, TFA salt) as a white solid. The structure was confirmed by LCMS (Rt =1.365 min, MS cal. : 2324.89, MS observed: [M+2H] 2+ = 1163.9637) and HPLC (Rt = 9.459 min) analysis.
[0283] Purification Conditions:
[0284] HPLC Method for Compound 1002:
[0285] The result of LCMS of compound 1002 is shown below:
[0286] The general procedure to prepare compounds 1001, 1007, 1008, and 1011 is similar to that of compound 1002, wherein, compounds 1007 and 1008 were not coupled with Fmoc-Lys (Dde) -OH and the fluorescent Compound 2. Compound 1007 was separated into compound 1007 peak 1 and compound 1007 peak 2 by prep-HPLC, wherein, compound 1007 peak 1 and compound 1007 peak 2 are diastereomers of compound 1007 that the carbon marked with “*” form a chiral center providing two diastereomers of compound 1007 (such as compound 1007-1 and compound 1007-2 in the present application) . Compound 1008 was separated into compound 1008 peak 1 and compound 1008 peak 2 by prep-HPLC, wherein, compound 1008 peak 1 and compound 1008 peak 2 are diastereomers of compound 1008 that the carbon marked with “*” forms a chiral center providing two diastereomers of compound 1008 (such as compound 1008-1 and compound 1008-2 in the present application) . For compounds 1001, 1002 and 1011, the diastereomers and / or regio-isomers were not separated by prep-HPLC.
[0287] HPLC Method in step 2 for compounds 1001, 1007, 1008 and 1011 is shown below:
[0288] The result of LCMS of compounds 1001, 1007, 1008 and 1011 are shown below:
[0289] The amount and purity of compounds 1001, 1007, 1008 and 1011 are shown below:
[0290] Example 1.6. Synthesis of Compound 1006
[0291] Step 1: The peptide was synthesized using standard Fmoc chemistry according to the following steps.
[0292] (1) . Resin preparation: The Rink Amide MBHA resin (0.20 mmol, 1.00 eq, Sub 0.33 mmol / g) in DMF (10 mL) was agitated with N2 for 0.5 h at 20℃. Next, 20%piperidine in DMF (20 mL) was added, and the mixture was agitated with N2 for 10 min at 20℃. The resin was then washed with DMF (100 mL *5) and filtered.
[0293] (2) . Deprotection: 20%piperidine in DMF (10.0 mL) was added, and the resin was agitated with N2 for another 8.0 min. The resin was washed with DMF (10.0 mL *5) , and drained under vacuum.
[0294] (3) . Coupling: A solution of Fmoc-AEEA-OH (231 mg, 0.60 mmol, 3.00 eq) , DIEA (155 mg, 1.20 mmol, 6.00 eq) and HBTU (217 mg, 0.57 mmol, 2.85 eq) in DMF (3.00 mL) was added to the resin and agitated with N2 for 30 min at 20 ℃. The resin was then washed with DMF (10.0 mL *5) .
[0295] (4) . The above steps 2 to 3 were repeated for the coupling of following amino acids: (2-11)
[0296] Peptide cleavage and purification were conducted according to the following steps:
[0297] (1) . The cleavage solution (10.00 mL, 90.0%TFA / 2.50%TIS / 2.50%H2O / 5.0%3-Mercaptopropionic acid) was added to the flask containing the resin at room temperature and stirred for 2.0 h, and filtered.
[0298] (2) . The peptide was then precipitated in cold isopropyl ether (40.0 mL) . The mixture was filtered and the crude peptide was washed with isopropyl ether (40.0 mL *2) . The crude peptide was obtained after drying under vacuum for 2 h to provide Compound 3 (200 mg) . The structure was confirmed by LCMS (Rt = 1.346 min, MS cal. : 1665.06, MS observed: [M+2H] 2+ = 833.1) analysis.
[0299] Step 2: To complete the synthesis of Compound 1006, DIEA was added to a solution of Compound 3 (30.0 mg, 16.9 μmol, 1.00 eq, TFA salt) and tris (bromomethyl) phosphine oxide (5.54 mg, 16.9 μmol, 1.00 eq) in DMF (150 mL) until the pH = 8~9. The reaction was then stirred at 25 ℃ for 12.0 hr. During this time, the reaction was monitored by LCMS (Rt = 1.384 min) . Next, the mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude peptide was purified by prep-HPLC (A: 0.075%TFA / H2O, B: CH3CN) to afford two diastereomers. Compound 1006 Peak 1 (4.52 mg, 2.58 μmol, 15.1%yield, TFA salt) was isolated as a white solid. The structure was confirmed by LCMS (Rt =1.094 min, MS cal. : 1749.71, MS observed: [M+2H+2*TFA] 2+ =990.3559) and HPLC (Rt = 9.257 min) analysis. Also isolated was Compound 1006 Peak 2 (1.52 mg, 0.87 μmol, 5.1%yield, TFA salt) as a white solid. The structure was confirmed by LCMS (Rt =1.099 min, MS cal. : 1749.71, MS observed: [M+2H+2*TFA] 2+ = 990.3559) and HPLC (Rt = 9.409 min) analysis. Compound 1006 Peak 1 and Compound 1006 Peak 2 are diastereomers of compound 1006 in which the phosphorous forms a chiral center providing two diastereomers of compound 1006 (such as compound 1006-1 and compound 1006-2 in the present application) .
[0300] HPLC Method for Compound 1006:
[0301] The result of LCMS of Compound 1006 is shown below:
[0302] The same general procedure was used to prepare compounds 1003, 1004, 1005, 1009, 1010 and 1012, wherein, compounds 1003, 1004, 1010 and 1012 were coupled with Fmoc-Lys (Dde) -OH and the fluorescent Compound 2.
[0303] For compounds 1003, 1004 and 1012, the diastereomers and / or regio-isomers were not separated by prep-HPLC.
[0304] For compounds 1005 and 1009, compound 1005 was separated into compound 1005 peak 1 and compound 1005 peak 2 by prep-HPLC, and compound 1009 was separated into compound 1009 peak 1 and compound 1009 peak 2 by prep-HPLC, wherein, the diastereomers were formed by the chiral center provided by phosphorous.
[0305] For compound 1010, compound 1010 was separated into compound 1010 peak 1, compound 1010 peak 2, compound 1010 peak 3 and compound 1010 peak 4 by prep-HPLC. Compound 1010 peak 1, compound 1010 peak 2, compound 1010 peak 3 and compound 1010 peak 4 are diastereomers and regio-isomers of compound 1010 (such as compound 1010-1~compound 1010-4 in the present application) , wherein, the diastereomers were formed by the chiral center provided by phosphorous and the regio-isomers were formed by the regio-isomers of compound 2.
[0306] HPLC Method in step 2 for compounds 1004, 1005, and 1012 is the same as that for Compound 1001. HPLC Method in step 2 for compounds 1003 and 1009 is the same as that for Compound 1002.
[0307] HPLC Method in step 2 for compound 1010 is shown below:
[0308] The result of LCMS of Compounds 1003, 1004, 1005, 1009, 1010 and 1012 when analyzed using the analytical method described above.
[0309] The amount and purity of compounds 1003, 1004, 1005, 1006, 1009, 1010 and 1012 are shown below:
[0310] Example 2: Measuring cell permeability of the cell penetrating peptides The compounds that are labeled with an NF label were measured for cell permeability using Flow Cytometry.
[0311] Material &Method:
[0312] HeLa cells were seeded in 12-well plates (4 x 104 cells / well) overnight. The following day, the cells were treated with 5 μM of the cell penetrating peptides (Compounds 1001, 1002, 1003, 1004, 1010, 1011 and 1012) for 2 h in DMEM supplemented with 10%FBS at 37 ℃ for 2 h in the presence of 5%CO2. At the end of incubation, the peptide-containing medium were removed, and the cells were washed with DPBS twice, detached from the plate with Trypsin-EDTA solution, diluted into DPBS and pelleted at 300g for 5 min at 4 ℃. The cells were then washed twice with DPBS, resuspended in 200 μL of DPBS supplemented with 2%FBS, and analyzed on a FACSCelesta Flow Cytometer (BD Biosciences) . Data was analyzed using FlowJo and the value for each cell penetrating peptide was normalized to the value of unstained cells (Relative cell permeability%=MFI of NF-labeled peptide / MFI of unstained cells) .
[0313] Table 1: Cell Penetration Results
[0314] The cell permeability of the cell penetrating peptides is listed in Table 1. The results demonstrate that the cell penetrating peptides in the present disclosure show good cell permeability. In particular, compound 1002 and compound 1003 show potent cell permeability.
[0315] While particular embodiments have been described, alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents that are or may be presently unforeseen may arise to applicants or others skilled in the art. Accordingly, the appended claims as filed and as they may be amended are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, variations, improvements, and substantial equivalents.
Claims
1.A cell penetrating peptide compound having the following formula (I) , a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof, wherein:AA1 and AA2 are independently selected from amino acids, wherein, at least two arginines or arginine analogs and at least three hydrophobic amino acids are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;is single bond or double bond;R1 is selected from C or P;R2 is H, O, C1-C6 alkyl or C1-C6 haloalkyl;R3 and R4 are independently selected from H, hydroxyl orR5 and R6 are independently selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, optionally, the aryl and heteroaryl are substituted;R7 and R8 are independently selected from H, -C (=O) - (C1-C6 alkyl) , C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered aryl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -5-10 membered heteroaryl, a protecting group of amide or -L1-U1;Y is selected from hydroxyl, amino, a protecting group of the carboxylate or -L2-U2, optionally, the amino is substituted with C1-C6 alkyl;L1 and L2 are independently selected from absent or a linker moiety;U1 and U2 are independently selected from absent, a cargo moiety or a third peptide domain;n1, n2, n3, n4, n5 and n6 are independently selected from 0-10;m1 and m2 are selected from 1-20.2.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 1, wherein,whenis single bond, R1 is selected from C, R2 is H or C1-C6 alkyl; or,whenis double bond, R1 is selected from P, R2 is O.3.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, the amino acids in AA1 and AA2 are natural amino acids, non-natural amino acids or amino acid analogs, optionally, the amino acids in AA1 and AA2 are L-amino acids and / or D-amino acids.4.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprises at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven arginines or arginine analogs, wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.5.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven arginines or arginine analogs are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2, wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.6.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprises zero arginines or arginine analogs, one arginines or arginine analogs, two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, or four arginines or arginine analogs; or,two arginines or arginine analogs, three arginines or arginine analogs, or four arginines or arginine analogs are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;wherein, the amount of arginines or arginine analogs in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least two; wherein, the arginines or arginine analogs are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.7.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprise at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven hydrophobic amino acids, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.8.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six or at least seven hydrophobic amino acids are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.9.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, (AA1) m1 or (AA2) m2 comprises zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids, three hydrophobic amino acids, four hydrophobic amino acids or five hydrophobic amino acids; or,zero hydrophobic amino acids, one hydrophobic amino acid, two hydrophobic amino acids, three hydrophobic amino acids, four hydrophobic amino acids or five hydrophobic amino acids are present among (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2;wherein, the amount of the hydrophobic amino acids in (AA1) m1 and (AA2) m2 are at least three, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are adjacent to one another or are not adjacent to one another.10.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids independently have a hydrophobic side chain selected from - (C0-C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered aryl) or - (C0-C6 alkylene) - (5-12 membered heteroaryl) , optionally, the aryl and the heteroaryl are substituted.11.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 10, wherein, the hydrophobic amino acids are independently selected from 1-naphthylalanine, 2-naphthylalanine, 3-benzothienylalanine, 4-fluorophenylalanine, tryptophan or phenylalanine.12.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein, the - (AA1) m1-has the following formula (II) , and / or the - (AA2) m2-has the following formula (III) , - (AA11) m3 -AA12 - (AA13) m4 - (AA14) m5 - (AA15) m6-AA16 - (AA17) m7 - (II) - (AA21) m8- (AA22) m9- (AA23) m10- (III)AA11, AA13, AA15, AA17, AA21 and AA23 are independently selected from amino acid or absent;AA12 and AA16 are independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs, or the hydrophobic amino acids;AA14 is independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs;AA22 is independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids;m3, m4, m6, m7, m8 and m10 are independently selected from 0-10;m5 is selected from 2-7;m9 is selected from 3-7.13.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-12, wherein, the cell penetrating peptide compound having the following formula (I-1) , 14.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 12 or 13, wherein, AA11, AA13, AA15, AA17, AA21 and AA23 are absent, m5 is selected from 2-4, m9 is selected from 3-5.15.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 12-15, wherein,AA11, AA13, AA15 and AA17 are absent;AA12 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, or 3-benzothienylalanine;AA14 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs;AA16 is selected from arginines or arginine analogs, or 4-fluorophenylalanine;AA21 and AA23 are absent;(AA22) m9 is selected from ΦBφ;m5 is 2.16.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-11, wherein, the - (AA1) m1-has the following formula (IV) , and / or the - (AA2) m2-has the following formula (V) , - (aa11) m11- (aa12) m12- (aa13) m13- (aa14) m14- (aa15) m15- (IV) - (aa21) m16- (aa22) m17- (aa23) m18- (aa24) m19- (V)aa11, aa13, aa15, aa21, aa22 and aa24 are independently selected from amino acid or absent;aa12 and aa14 are independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids;aa23 are independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs;m11, m13, m15, m16, m17 and m19 are independently selected from 0-10;m12 is selected from 1-3;m14 is selected from 2-6;m18 is selected from 2-7.17.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-11, or 16, wherein, the cell penetrating peptide compound having the following formula (I-2) , 18.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 16 or 17, wherein,aa11, aa15 and aa24 are absent;aa12 and aa14 are independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids;aa13 and aa22 are independently selected from hydrophilic amino acids, optionally, the hydrophilic amino acid is selected from serine, asparagine or glutamine;aa21 is independently selected from the hydrophobic amino acids;aa23 are independently selected from arginines or arginine analogs;m12 is selected from 1-2;m13 is selected from 1-4;m14 is selected from 2-4;m16 is selected from 1-2;m17 is selected from 1-3;m18 is selected from 2-4.19.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-18, wherein, R3 and R4 are H, n1 is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.20.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-18, wherein, R3 is H, R4 is hydroxyl or R7 is H, R8 is -C (O) - (C1-C6 alkyl) , n1 is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10.21.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-20, wherein, Y is -L2-U2, L2 is a linker moiety, U2 is absent.22.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 21, wherein, L2 is -R9- (CH2CH2-O-) q1-R10, R9 is selected from -NH-or -O-, R10 is selected from H, C1-C6 alkyl, - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2 or - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, q1 is selected from 1-20; optionally, R10 is selected from H, C1-C3 alkyl, - (C0-C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2 or - (C0-C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, q1 is selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.23.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-20, wherein, Y is -L2-U2, L2 is a linker moiety, U2 is selected from a cargo moiety or a third peptide domain.24.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to claim 23, wherein, L2 is -R9- (CH2CH2-O-) q1-R10, R9 is selected from -NH-or -O-, R10 is selected from absent or a second linker moiety connecting -R9- (CH2CH2-O-) q1-and U2, U2 is selected from a cargo moiety or a third peptide domain, q1 is selected from 1-20; optionally, the second linker moiety is selected from - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, R11 is selected from - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2 or - (C0-C6 alkylene) -C (=O) -OH, n7 is selected from 0-10, q1 is selected from 1-10; more optionally, the second linker moiety is selected from - (C0-C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NHCH (R11) - (CH2) n7-NH-, R11 is selected from - (C0-C3 alkylene) -C (=O) -NH2, n7 and q1 are independently selected from 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.25.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-24, n2, n3, n4, n5 and n6 are independently selected from 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5.26.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-25, wherein, the cell penetrating peptide compound is selected from any one of the following, 27.The cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-26, wherein, the cell penetrating peptide compound is selected from any one of the following, 28.A method of preparing the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-27.29.A fusion peptide comprising the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-27.30.A pharmaceutical composition comprising the cell penetrating peptide compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, stereoisomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, solvate, prodrug, or deuterated counterpart thereof according to any one of claims 1-27 or the fusion peptide according to claim 29 and at least a pharmaceutically acceptable ingredient.31.Use of the cell penetrating peptide compound according to any one of claims 1-27, the fusion peptide according to claim 29 or the pharmaceutical composition of claim 30 in the manufacture of a drug for diagnosing, preventing or treating a disease.32.A method of diagnosing, preventing or treating a disease in a subject in need thereof, comprising administrating to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of the cell penetrating peptide compound according to any one of claims 1-27 or the fusion peptide according to claim 29 or the pharmaceutical composition according to claim 30.
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