Surfaces for sports facilities

Abstract

The present invention relates to an additive for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the additive comprises a bioplastic, wherein the bioplastic comprises a hemp plastic fibre.

Description

[0001] SURFACES FOR SPORTS FACILITIES

[0002] Technical field of the invention

[0003] The present invention relates to an additive. In particular the present invention relates to an additive for a ground of a sports facility.

[0004] Background of the invention

[0005] Sports facilities are often provided with an artificially surface placed on the ground of the sports facility to provide the desired functionalities of the surface for training, competing or performing a sports activity. Such sports facilities may include equestrian arenas or riding arenas, driving arenas, artificial football pitches, golf courses, tennis courts, padel courts, playgrounds, racecourses or athletic tracks.

[0006] For the equestrian arenas or riding arenas, the surface may be called "footing layer" and refers to a material applied to the base layer (the ground) to create a suitable and safe surface for horses and riders. The footing layer may be crucial for the well-being of the horses, as it impacts factors such as traction, shock absorption, and overall comfort. The choice of footing layer may depend on the discipline, preferences of riders, and the intended use of the arena. Similar considerations may apply to other sports facilities using artificial surfaces.

[0007] Some common types of materials used in the footing layer of equestrian arenas may include:

[0008] Sand : Sand may be a widely used material in the footing layer. Sand provides good traction and is relatively easy to maintain. However, it may require additives to provide additional properties, e.g. to improve stability and prevent the sand from becoming too loose.

[0009] Micro-rubber or micro-plastic additive: Conventional Rubber or plastic additive are made from recycled rubber based on petroleum materials and are provided for improving shock absorption and being forgiving on a horse's joints. It may most often be mixed with sand but may occasionally be used as a stand-alone footing layer. Microfiber additives: Some arenas incorporate fibre additives, especially synthetic fibres or natural fibres, like shredded textiles or coconut coir. These fibres may enhance stability and improve the overall structure of the footing.

[0010] Micro-geotextile components: Geotextiles components may include fabrics, which may be used as an additive in the footing layer to help stabilize the base and prevent the mixing of different layers.

[0011] The footing layer is typically applied on top of a well-prepared base layer (the ground), which may include compacted and graded materials like crushed stone or sand. The combination of the ground and the footing layers may be designed to create an optimal surface for riding, training, and competing in the various disciplines.

[0012] The choice of surface (footing layer for the equestrian arenas) may be influenced by factors such as the discipline (e.g. the equestrian arenas, riding arenas, driving arenas, artificial football pitches, golf courses, tennis courts, padel courts, playgrounds, racecourses or athletic tracks dressage, jumping, reining; in particular the equestrian arenas, riding arenas, driving arenas), climate, maintenance, preferences, and the specific needs of the users of the arena. Regular maintenance, including watering, dragging, and levelling, may be necessary to keep the surface (in particular the footing layer) in good condition.

[0013] The disadvantages of the conventional surfaces placed on the ground of the sports facilities is that it comprises rubber, plastic, and synthetic compounds which have shown to create major environmental and health problems since these rubber, plastic, and synthetic compounds, are traditionally produced from non-renewable fossil fuels, primarily crude oil and provided as microparticles.

[0014] The use of such fossil-based components (in particular the fossil plastics) poses a range of environmental and sustainability challenges, like: increased greenhouse gas emissions, since the production of fossil-based plastics is energy-intensive and contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane; environmental pollution, since fossil based compounds are often improperly disposed which may lead to environmental pollution, since the plastics can persist in the environment for hundreds of years, causing harm to ecosystems, wildlife, and marine life; microplastic pollution that may be supplied in the additive produced from the breakdown of fossil plastics into smaller particles over time, forming microplastics, can contaminate water, soil, and the air, posing potential risks to human health and the broader environment; and presence of toxic additives added or formed during production of the fossil-based plastics. These toxic additives may leach into food or water and may be harmful to human and animal health and the environment.

[0015] Hence, an improved additive and surface which does not have the same disadvantages on the environment and on the human and animal health would be advantageous, and in particular a more efficient and / or reliable additive and surface which does not have the same environmental and human / animal health issues as described above would be advantageous.

[0016] Summary of the invention

[0017] Thus, an object of the present invention relates to an improved additive and an improved surface for a ground of a sports facility.

[0018] In particular, it is an object of the present invention to provide an additive and a surface that solves the above-mentioned problems of the prior art with environment problems and / or human or animal health issues.

[0019] Thus, one aspect of the invention relates to an additive for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the additive comprises a bioplastic.

[0020] A further aspect of the invention relates to an additive for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the additive comprises a bioplastic, wherein the bioplastic comprises a hemp plastic fibre.

[0021] Another aspect of the present invention relates to a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the surface comprising an additive, the additive comprises a bioplastic, wherein the bioplastic comprises a hemp plastic fibre.

[0022] Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the surface comprising an additive according to the present invention.

[0023] Still another aspect of the present invention relates to the use of an additive comprising a hemp plastic fibre and / or a hemp natural fibre in a surface for the ground of a sports facility. Yet an aspect of the present invention relates to the use of a hemp plastic fibre and / or a hemp natural fibre in a surface for the ground of a sports facility.

[0024] A further aspect of the present invention relates to a method for improving a ground of a sports facility, the method comprises the steps of: prepare an additive comprising a hemp plastic fibre and / or a hemp natural fibre; optionally coating and / or impregnating the additive or a part of the additive; optionally, add a geotextile component to the additive; optionally mixing the additive with a silicate material providing a surface; and applying the additive and / or the surface to the ground of a sports facility.

[0025] Yet an embodiment of the present invention relates to a surface for the ground of a sports facility, wherein the surface comprising an additive according to the present invention.

[0026] An even further embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of an additive according to the present invention, for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, in particular for a riding arena.

[0027] A surface for the ground of a sports facility, the surface comprises a bioplastic in combination with: a natural biofibre according to the present invention, and / or a woody biomass according to the present invention, wherein at least one of the bioplast, the natural biofibre and / or the woody biomass comprises hemp, such as hemp plastic fibres, hemp natural fibres and / or hemp shives.

[0028] The present invention will now be described in more detail in the following. Detailed description of the invention

[0029] The Inventor of the present invention surprisingly found that due to the features of hemp plastic fibres it is possible to provide improved and environmentally friendly additives for grounds of sports facilities because hemp plastic fibres showed various advantages like:

[0030] Safe composition without toxic chemicals since chemicals such as toluene and benzene, the most toxic derivatives of plastics made from hydrocarbons, are not found in hemp;

[0031] Hemp have shown to be biodegradable and compostable. Unlike traditional plastic, which takes centuries to decompose, hemp plastic fibres may biodegrade within six months to a year, depending on e.g. hemp plastic fibre and / or the environmental conditions. Thus, hemp plastic fibres may not contribute to the growing plastic pollution problem in the environment;

[0032] Hemp plastic fibres may be Renewable. Hemp is a fast-growing crop that can be quickly replenished. This makes hemp plastic a more sustainable option than traditional plastic made from non-renewable resources like oil.

[0033] Hemp and hemp plastic fibres may have a low carbon footprint. Production of bioplastics from hemp may require less energy and emits fewer greenhouse gasses than traditional plastic. This makes hemp and hemp plastic fibres an environmentally friendly alternative.

[0034] Energy-efficient production of hemp plastic fibres may be produced with a lower energy requirement than traditional plastics. This may be because the production process of hemp plastic fibres may require lower temperatures and less pressure, which means it may require less energy during production. It is generally considered that production of hemp plastic fibres uses 22-45% less energy traditional plastic products. plastic made from hemp plastic fibres may show to be as durable as traditional plastic. It is also light as well as featuring a high density-to-weight ratio. This property enables it to be utilized in aerospace to reduce weight on large structures and manufacture products such as car parts, packaging, and toys.

[0035] Promotes sustainable agriculture. Hemp is a fast-growing crop that may require minimal water and fertilizer. Using hemp as a raw material for bioplastic may encourage sustainable agriculture and reduce the carbon footprint of the manufacturing process.

[0036] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to an additive for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the additive comprises a bioplastic.

[0037] The bioplastic may be produced from hemp plastic fibres derived from hemp; polylactic acid (PLA) derived from renewable resources such as corn starch, sugarcane, or other plant-based feedstocks; starch-based bioplastics e.g. derived from starch sources like corn, potatoes, or cassava; polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) produced by bacteria through fermentation using plant sugars or lipids; polyethylene bioplastics (Bio-PE) derived from sugarcane ethanol; polyethylene terephthalate bioplastics (Bio-PET) derived from plantbased sources like sugarcane or corn; polypropylene bioplastics (Bio-PP) derived from plant-based feedstocks; polybutylene succinate (PBS) derived from renewable resources such as succinic acid and 1,4-butanediol; polyamide bioplastics (Bio-PA) derived from renewable resources; cellulose-based bioplastics derived from cellulose fibres obtained from plants, wood, or agricultural waste; alginate bioplastics derived from brown algae; or any combination hereof.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present invention the bioplastic may comprise one or more polyolefin. Polyolefins may be a class of polymers derived from olefin (alkene) monomers like ethylene and propylene, characterized by their chemical resistance, versatility in mechanical properties. Preferably, the polyolefin may comprise polypropylene, polyethylene, or a combination hereof.

[0039] Preferably, the bioplastic may be produced from hemp plastic fibres derived from hemp, optionally in combination with one or more of the mentioned bioplastics.

[0040] An additive for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the additive comprises a bioplastic, in combination with: a natural biofibre according to the present invention, and / or a woody biomass according to the present invention, wherein at least one of the bioplast, the natural biofibre and / or the woody biomass comprises hemp, such as hemp plastic fibres, hemp natural fibres and / or hemp shives, respectively.

[0041] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to an additive for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the additive comprises a bioplastic, wherein the bioplastic comprises a hemp plastic fibre.

[0042] The additive according to the present invention may relate to a composition provided to improve one or more parameters of the surface and / or the ground of the sport facility. The one or more parameters may include:

[0043] Increase strength of the surface and / or ground;

[0044] Increase the absorbent properties of the surface and / or the ground; Provide springy properties of the surface and / or the ground;

[0045] Improve drainage and water absorption properties;

[0046] Tie the other substances of the surface together;

[0047] Repel water from the surface;

[0048] Provide a firmer surface;

[0049] Improved durability or longevity.

[0050] In an embodiment of the present invention, the hemp plastic fibres do not include hemp plastic microfibres. Preferably, the hemp plastic fibres may be hemp plastic macrofibres.

[0051] The plastic fibre, in particular the hemp plastic fibre, may have a length in the range of 5- 75 pm, such as in the range of 7-70 pm, e.g. in the range of 10-65 pm, such as in the range of 12-60 pm, e.g. in the range of 14-55 pm, such as in the range of 16-50 pm, e.g. in the range of 18-48 pm, such as in the range of 20-46 pm, e.g. in the range of 24-44 pm, such as in the range of 28-42 pm, e.g. in the range of 32-40 pm.

[0052] Preferably, the plastic fibre, in particular the hemp plastic fibre may have a length above 5 pm, such as a length above 7 pm, e.g. a length above 10 pm, such as a length above 12 pm, e.g. a length above 14 pm, such as a length above 16 pm, e.g. a length above 18 pm, such as a length above 20 pm, e.g. a length above 24 pm, such as a length above 28 pm, e.g. a length above 32 pm, such as a length above 36 pm, e.g. a length above 38 pm, such as a length above 40 pm, e.g. a length above 42 pm, such as a length above 44 pm, e.g. a length above 46 pm.

[0053] The plastic fibre, in particular the hemp plastic fibre may have a length below 75 pm, such as a length below 70 pm, e.g. a length below 65 pm, such as a length below 60 pm, e.g. a length below 55 pm, such as a length below 52 pm, e.g. a length below 50 pm, such as a length below 48 pm, e.g. a length below 46 pm, such as a length below 44 pm, e.g. a length below 42 pm, such as a length below 40 pm, e.g. a length below 38 pm, such as a length below 36 pm, e.g. a length below 34 pm, such as a length below 32 pm, e.g. a length below 30 pm, such as a length below 28 pm, e.g. a length below 26 pm. The bioplastic comprises at least 40% (w / w) hemp plastic fibre relative to the additive, such as at least 50% (w / w), e.g. at least 60% (w / w), such as at least 70% (w / w), e.g. at least 80% (w / w), such as at least 85% (w / w), e.g. at least 90% (w / w), such as at least 95% (w / w), e.g. at least 98% (w / w), such as at least 99% (w / w), e.g. at least 100% (w / w).

[0054] The bioplastic consist essentially of at least 40% (w / w) hemp plastic fibre relative to the additive, such as at least 50% (w / w), e.g. at least 60% (w / w), such as at least 70% (w / w), e.g. at least 80% (w / w), such as at least 85% (w / w), e.g. at least 90% (w / w), such as at least 95% (w / w), e.g. at least 98% (w / w), such as at least 99% (w / w), e.g. at least 100% (w / w).

[0055] The plastic fibre, in particular the hemp plastic fibre, may comprise cellulose as a major constituent of the hemp plastic fibre. Preferably, the hemp plastic fibre may comprise cellulose.

[0056] Hemp plastic fibre according to the present invention may comprise at least 40% (w / w) cellulose relative to the hemp plastic fibre, such as at least 50% (w / w), e.g. at least 60% (w / w), such as at least 70% (w / w), e.g. at least 80% (w / w), such as at least 85% (w / w), e.g. at least 90% (w / w), such as at least 95% (w / w), e.g. at least 98% (w / w), such as at least 99% (w / w), e.g. at least 100% (w / w).

[0057] The plastic fibre, in particular the hemp plastic fibre according to the present invention may consist essentially of at least 40% (w / w) cellulose relative to the plastic fibre, in particular the hemp plastic fibre, such as at least 50% (w / w), e.g. at least 60% (w / w), such as at least 70% (w / w), e.g. at least 80% (w / w), such as at least 85% (w / w), e.g. at least 90% (w / w), such as at least 95% (w / w), e.g. at least 98% (w / w), such as at least 99% (w / w), e.g. at least 100% (w / w).

[0058] In the context of the present invention, the terms "consisting essentially of" and "consists essentially of", may relate to a limitation of the scope of a claim to the specified features or steps, and those features or steps, not mentioned and which do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the claimed invention.

[0059] Cellulose may be a complex organic compound with the formula (C5Hio05)n, a polysaccharide comprising of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of P(1^4) linked D-glucose units. Cellulose may be an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes, and also an important component of hemp.

[0060] The cellulose may be extracted e.g. from a plant material, in particular a hemp material by:

[0061] Step 1 :

[0062] First, a suitable source of raw hemp material for producing the hemp plastic fibre, may be provided. The raw hemp material may be the stem, the leaves, the seeds og the root. Generally, even the lowest-grade hemp biomass may be suitable, since no cannabinoid content is desired, even using hemp biomass considered wastegrade may be used.

[0063] Step 2: Extraction of the cellulose

[0064] Cellulose may be extracted from the raw hemp material using a variety of different machines and methods. Generally, use of chemicals at this stage may preferably be minimal if used at all. Preferably, as much cellulose may be removed as possible, without damaging the cellulose and / or without including any other substances.

[0065] Step 3: Chemical treatment

[0066] Once extracted, the hemp cellulose may be subjected to a variety of soaking processes that purify the cellulose and prevent crystallization. The purified cellulose may be ready to be made into plastics.

[0067] Step 4: Extrusion & finishing

[0068] The finished hemp cellulose plastic may be heated and either extruded through small holes to make strings or kept in bricks or sheets. At this point, a variety of heating and pressure steps may be used to create hemp plastic fibres with the desired properties and for the specific applications.

[0069] Step 5:

[0070] Once it is finished, the hemp plastic fibres may be placed in moulds if desired and allowed to cool after taking on its final form. From this point onward, the finished hemp plastic fibres may be packaged and shipped or stored until use.

[0071] The hemp plastic fibre may comprise thermo-hemp, hardened hemp plastic or a combination hereof.

[0072] In an embodiment of the present invention the additive comprises in the range of 5-50% (w / w) plastic fibre, in particular hemp plastic fibre, such as in the range of 7.5-40% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 10-30% (w / w), such as in the range of 12.5-25% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 15-20% (w / w).

[0073] In a further embodiment of the present invention the additive may comprise a natural biofibre.

[0074] The natural biofibre may comprise hemp natural fibres, manilla hemp natural fibres, bamboo natural fibres, jute natural fibres, sisal natural fibres, cotton natural fibres, flax natural fibres, or any combination hereof. Preferably, the natural biofibre may comprise hemp natural fibres, manilla hemp natural fibres, bamboo natural fibres, cotton natural fibres, or any combination hereof. Even more, preferably, the natural biofibre may comprise hemp natural fibres, manilla hemp natural fibres, bamboo natural fibres, or any combination hereof.

[0075] In an embodiment of the present invention the natural biofibre may comprise: hemp natural fibres; or the combination of hemp natural fibres and manilla hemp natural fibres; or the combination of hemp natural fibres and bamboo natural fibres; or the combination of hemp natural fibres, manilla hemp natural fibres, and bamboo natural fibres.

[0076] In a further embodiment of the present invention the natural biofibre may comprise hemp natural fibres.

[0077] The amount of hemp plastic fibre and / or natural biofibre added to the additive and / or to the surface depends on the application of the surface and at what ground of a sports facility the surface may be used.

[0078] In an embodiment of the present invention the additive comprises in the range of 5-50% (w / w) hemp natural fibre, such as in the range of 7.5-40% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 10- 30% (w / w), such as in the range of 12.5-25% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 15-20% (w / w).

[0079] The natural biofibre, in particular the hemp natural fibre comprises (as main components) a combination of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and optionally pectin.

[0080] Cellulose may be the primary component of hemp natural fibre, accounting for the main component of the fibre composition. Cellulose may provide strength and rigidity to the fibres. The cellulose content in the natural biofibre, in particular in the hemp natural fibres, may be in the range of 65% (w / w) to 75% (w / w). Hemicellulose may be another polysaccharide that, along with cellulose, forms the plant cell wall. It is a branched polymer that may surrounds the cellulose fibres and contributes to the overall structure and flexibility of the fibre. Hemicellulose: Hemicellulose may be present in smaller amounts compared to cellulose. The hemicellulose content in the natural biofibre, in particular in the hemp natural fibres, may be in the range of 20% (w / w) and 35% (w / w).

[0081] Lignin may be a complex polymer that provides rigidity to plant cell walls. Natural biofibres, in particular hemp natural fibres, comprises lignin, and the content may vary depending on the plant's age and processing methods. High lignin content can affect the fibres flexibility and colour. The lignin content in the natural biofibre, in particular in the hemp natural fibres, ranges from 5% (w / w) to 20% (w / w). Higher lignin content can make fibres stiffer and more resistant.

[0082] Pectin may be a complex carbohydrate that may acts as a cementing substance between plant cells. It may be found in the middle lamella of plant cell walls. The pectin content in hemp fibres may be relatively low compared to other components. The content of pectin in the content in the natural biofibre, in particular in the hemp natural fibres, may be in the range of 1% (w / w) to 2% (w / w).

[0083] The natural fibres may be pre-treated before being added to the additive. The pretreatment may involve mechanical pre-treatment, heat pre-treatment, chemical pretreatment, pressure pre-treatment, or a combination hereof.

[0084] In an embodiment of the present invention the additive may comprise a woody biomass.

[0085] The woody biomass may comprise a lignin content above 20% (w / w), such as above 25% (w / w), e.g. above 30% (w / w), such as above 35% (w / w), e.g. above 40% (w / w), such as in the range of 20-40% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 21-35% (w / w), such as in the range of 22-30% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 23-27% (w / w).

[0086] Preferably, the woody biomass may be produced from the stem of a plant material, preferably from the inner core of the stem.

[0087] In an embodiment of the present invention the woody biomass comprises hemp shrives.

[0088] The hemp shrives may preferably be produced from the stem of the hemp plant, in particular from the inner core of the stem. The process of producing the woody biomass, in particular the hemp shives may include:

[0089] Step 1 : Harvesting

[0090] Hemp plants are harvested, preferably, when the stalks have matured.

[0091] Step 2: Retting (field retting or water retting)

[0092] The stalks may be laid out in the field for retting — a natural process (via moisture, fungi, and bacteria) that helps break down the pectin binding the fibers to the woody core. The Retting can take 1-4 weeks, depending on climate.

[0093] Alternative to field retting, water retting may be performed. Water retting is mainly performed in tanks and may include chemicals (may be called chemical retting). Water retting may be less environmental-friendly and more costly.

[0094] Step 3: Drying

[0095] After retting, stalks may be dried to reduce moisture content to around 10-15%, which is ideal for mechanical processing and prevents mold.

[0096] Step 4: Decortication

[0097] Decortication may be the mechanical separation of the stalk into:

[0098] Bast fibers that comprise the outer part of the stem; and the hemp shives (or hemp hurds) comprising the inner core of the stem.

[0099] Decortication may be performed using machines, like hammer mills, roller crushers, or decorticators which crush the stalks and sort the materials by size and type.

[0100] Step 5: Screening & Cleaning

[0101] The separated hemp shives may be passed through sieves or air classifiers to remove dust, fine particles, and residual material.

[0102] The hemp shives may be further chipped or milled to uniform sizes and / or further dried to meet specific moisture requirements. The hemp shives according to the present invention may comprise a moisture content below 15%, such as 12% or below, e.g. 10% or below, such as 8% or below, e.g. 5% or below.

[0103] In an embodiment of the present invention the additive according to the present invention comprises a bioplastic in combination with: a natural biofibre according to the present invention, and / or a woody biomass according to the present invention, wherein at least one of the bioplast, the natural biofibre and / or the woody biomass comprises hemp, such as hemp plastic fibres, hemp natural fibres and / or hemp shives, respectively.

[0104] The amount of bioplast, in particular hemp plastic fibre, and / or natural biofibre, in particular hemp natural fibres, and / or woody biomass, in particular hemp shives added to the additive and / or to the surface depends on the application of the surface, and what ground of a sports facility the surface may be used.

[0105] In an embodiment of the present invention the additive may comprise a geotextile component.

[0106] The geotextile component according to the present invention may be a permeable fabric which, when used in association with soil, may have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, and / or drain. The geotextile component may be woven (resembling mail bag sacking) or nonwoven (resembling felt). The geotextile component may be a synthetic geotextile component or a non-synthetic geotextile component. Preferably, the geotextile component may be a non-synthetic geotextile component.

[0107] In an embodiment of the present invention the additive may comprise in the range of 50- 95% (w / w) geotextile component relative to the additive, such as in the range of 60-92% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 70-90% (w / w), such as in the range of 75-85% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 77-82% (w / w).

[0108] The additive may consist essentially of in the range of 50-95% (w / w) geotextile component relative to the additive, such as in the range of 60-92% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 70-90% (w / w), such as in the range of 75-85% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 77- 82% (w / w).

[0109] In an embodiment of the present invention at least part of the additive is impregnated and / or coated.

[0110] In yet an embodiment of the present invention at least part of the additive may be impregnated. In a further embodiment of the present invention at least part of the additive may be coated.

[0111] In yet an embodiment of the present invention at least part of the additive may be impregnated and at least part of the additive may be coated.

[0112] In the context of the present invention, the term "impregnation" may mean that a material, an impregnation material, may be absorbed into at least part of the additive, penetrating the surface of the additive and sometimes filling the internal structure of the additive.

[0113] The impregnation may be suitable for enhancing specific properties of the additive, such as strength, stability, durability, and / or resistance to certain elements.

[0114] In the context of the present invention, the term "coating" may involve the application of a layer of material (a coating material) onto the surface of at least part of the additive.

[0115] The coating material may adhere to at least part of the additive but does not necessarily penetrate it. Coatings are often applied for protection, aesthetics, or to impart specific functional properties.

[0116] Preferably, the additive comprises a bioplastic and at least part of the bioplastic may be impregnated and / or coated according to the present invention.

[0117] The additive according to the present invention may comprise a bioplastic and a biofibre and at least part of the bioplastic and / or at least part of the biofibre may be impregnated and / or coated according to the present invention.

[0118] The additive according to the present invention may comprise a bioplastic and a geotextile component and at least part of the bioplastic and / or at least part of the geotextile component may be impregnated and / or coated according to the present invention.

[0119] In an embodiment of the present invention the additive may comprise a bioplastic, a biofibre, and a geotextile component, and at least part of the bioplastic, at least part of the biofibre, and / or at least part of the geotextile component may be impregnated and / or coated according to the present invention.

[0120] At least part of the additive (and / or at least part of the bioplastic, and / or at least part of the biofibre, and / or at least part of the geotextile component) may be impregnated and / or coated; such as at least 40% (w / w) of the additive (and / or at least part of the bioplastic, and / or at least part of the biofibre, and / or at least part of the geotextile component) may be impregnated and / or coated; e.g. at least 50% (w / w), such as at least 60%, e.g. at least 70% (w / w), such as at least 80%, e.g. at least 90% (w / w), such as at least 95%, e.g. at about 100% (w / w).

[0121] About 100% impregnation and / or coating of the additive (and / or at least part of the bioplastic, and / or at least part of the biofibre, and / or at least part of the geotextile component) means that the intention may be to provide full impregnation and / or coating of the additive (and / or at least part of the bioplastic, and / or at least part of the biofibre, and / or at least part of the geotextile component).

[0122] The impregnation material and / or the coating material may be selected from a lipophilic compound. Preferably, the lipophilic compound may be selected from synthetic or natural organic compounds (preferably, synthetic or natural lipophilic compounds).

[0123] The impregnation material and / or the coating material comprising long aliphatic alkyl chains, aromatic compounds or a combination of long aliphatic alkyl chains and aromatic compounds.

[0124] In an embodiment of the present invention the impregnation material and / or the coating material may be a wax. The wax may be a natural wax, a synthetic wax, or a combination or a natural wax and a synthetic wax. Preferably, the wax comprises a natural wax.

[0125] Preferably, the wax comprises unsaturated bonds and may include various functional groups such as fatty acids, primary and secondary alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and fatty acid esters.

[0126] The natural wax may be an animal-based wax, a plant-based wax, or a combination hereof.

[0127] The additive according to the present invention may be impregnated or coated as described herein by heating the impregnation material and / or coating material to a temperature above the melting point. Then spraying the heated impregnation material and / or coating material on the additive while subjecting the additive to mixing (e.g. by stirring). Allowing the impregnated and / or coated additive to dry and cool.

[0128] Preferably, the additive according to the present invention is a solid material. The additive may preferably comprise free-flowing particles of hemp plastic fibre and / or a hemp natural fibre and / or geotextile component.

[0129] The free-flowing particles of the additive may refer to solid particles or granular materials that may move easily and smoothly within a container or through a system without sticking together or forming clumps. The term "free-flowing" describes the ability of the particles / granulates to flow readily under the influence of gravity or other external forces.

[0130] The free-flowing particles may improve distribution of the components of the additive and / or improved dosing of the various components of the additive.

[0131] The additive according to the present invention is a dry material. Preferably, the additive comprises a moisture content below 15% (w / w), such as a moisture content below 12% (w / w); e.g. a moisture content below 10% (w / w), such as a moisture content below 8% (w / w); e.g. a moisture content below 6% (w / w), such as a moisture content below 4% (w / w); e.g. a moisture content below 2% (w / w).

[0132] In an embodiment of the present invention the additive according to the present invention may be provided with natural plastic materials, like PLA (polylactic acid)

[0133] In a further embodiment of the present invention the additive may comprise a synthetic plastic polymer, in particular polypropylene. If the additive comprises the synthetic plastic polymer the hemp plastic fibre may constitute at least 25% of the additive.

[0134] In an embodiment of the present invention the synthetic plastic polymer, e.g. polypropylene, may be a biodegradable synthetic plastic polymer, e.g. biodegradable polypropylene. In an embodiment, the biodegradable synthetic plastic polymer may be prepared from a synthetic fossil-made plastic provided with one or more additives allowing the fossil-made plastic to degrade.

[0135] Preferably, the biodegradable synthetic plastic polymer may relate to a synthetic plastic polymer wherein at least 50% of the synthetic plastic polymer is to be decomposed into organic matter, like water, CO2and / or methane within a period of at most 6 months, such as at least 60% of the synthetic plastic polymer, e.g. at least 70% of the synthetic plastic polymer, such as at least 80% of the synthetic plastic polymer, e.g. at least 90% of the synthetic plastic polymer. Preferably, the decomposition may be determined in an industrial composting plant. In an embodiment of the present invention the synthetic plastic polymer meets the requirements of the European Standard EN 14995, specifying the requirements and procedures to determine the compostability or anaerobic treatability of the synthetic plastic polymer.

[0136] A preferred embodiment of the present invention may relate to a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the surface comprising an additive according to the present invention.

[0137] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the surface comprising an additive, the additive comprises a bioplastic, wherein the bioplastic comprises a hemp plastic fibre.

[0138] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the surface comprises a bioplastic in combination with: a natural biofibre according to the present invention, and / or a woody biomass according to the present invention, wherein at least one of the bioplast, the natural biofibre and / or the woody biomass comprises hemp, such as hemp plastic fibres, hemp natural fibres and / or hemp shives, respectively.

[0139] Sports facility according to the present invention may be a designated area, structure, or venue comprising a ground that may be specifically designed and equipped to accommodate various sports activities, competitions, and events.

[0140] The ground of the sports facility may be specifically designed based on the level of the sports activity, the type of sports activity, and whether used for professional competitions, community recreation, or youth sports.

[0141] The ground of the sports facility may be an indoor ground or an outdoor ground. Preferably, the ground of the sports facility may be an indoor ground.

[0142] The surface of the present invention may be distributed, preferably evenly distributed, over the top of the ground of the sports facility.

[0143] Preferably, the surface may be supplemented with a silicate material. The combination silicate material and the additive may provide an improved balance of stability, traction, and shock absorption. The silicate material according to the present invention may relate to minerals comprising silicon and oxygen. The silicate material may also comprise other elements such as aluminium, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium, carbonates, sulphates, and various nonsilicate minerals. The specific composition of sand can vary depending on the geological history and local sources of the silicate material.

[0144] In an embodiment of the present invention the silicate material may be sand, gravel, grit, or a combination hereof. Preferably, the silicate material may be sand.

[0145] The silicate material may preferably have a particle size in the range of 0.01-10 mm, such as a particle size in the range of 0.03-8 mm, e.g. in a particle size in the range of 0.05-6 mm, such as a particle size in the range of 0.0625-4.75 mm, e.g. in a particle size in the range of 0.075-4 mm, such as a particle size in the range of 0.1-3.5 mm, e.g. in a particle size in the range of 0.15-3 mm, such as a particle size in the range of 0.2-2.5 mm, e.g. in a particle size in the range of 0.3-2 mm, such as a particle size in the range of 0.4-1.5 mm, e.g. in a particle size in the range of 0.5-1 mm.

[0146] The particle size may be determined by sieving.

[0147] The silicate material may comprise a variety of minerals, organic material, and even fragments of other rocks.

[0148] The silicate material according to the present invention may be selected from quartz sand, silica sand, beach sand, dune sand, river sand, desert sand, green sand, volcanic sand, or a combination hereof. Preferably, the silicate material may comprise quartz sand, silica sand or a combination hereof.

[0149] Quartz sand may mainly be composed of quartz, a crystalline form of silica dioxide (SiO2). Beach sand may have a varied mineral content, including quartz, feldspar, and shell fragments. Dune sand may be similar to beach sand, with a mix of minerals and often high in quartz. River sand may be a mix of minerals, including quartz, feldspar, and sometimes clay. Desert sand may be composed of quartz with other minerals. Silica sand may comprise a high silica content. Green sand may comprise a significant amount of olivine, a green mineral. Volcanic Sand may be derived from volcanic rocks and may comprise minerals like basalt or volcanic glass.

[0150] The surface may comprise at least 25% (w / w) silicate material, such as at least 30% (w / w), e.g. at least 40% (w / w), such as at least 50% (w / w), e.g. at least 60%, such as at least 70% (w / w), e.g. at least 75% (w / w), such as at least 80% (w / w), e.g. at least 85% (w / w), such as at least 90% (w / w), e.g. at least 95% (w / w).

[0151] The surface may comprise in the range of 25-95% (w / w) of silicate material, such as in the range of 40-94% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 50-93% (w / w), such as in the range of 60- 92% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 70-91%, such as in the range of 75-90% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 80-88% (w / w), such as in the range of 84-86% (w / w).

[0152] The surface according to the present invention may comprise the additive according to the present invention and the surface comprises at most 40% (w / w) of the additive according to the present invention, such as at most 35% (w / w), e.g. at most 25% (w / w), e.g. at most 20% (w / w), such as at most 15% (w / w), e.g. at most 12% (w / w), such as at most 10% (w / w).

[0153] Preferably, the surface according to the present invention may comprise in the range of 5- 40% (w / w) of the additive according to the present invention, such as in the range of 6- 35% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 7-25% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 8-20% (w / w), such as in the range of 9-15% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 10-12% (w / w).

[0154] In an embodiment of the present invention the surface may comprise a silicate compound and an additive according to the present invention.

[0155] The surface according to the present invention may comprise a silicate compound as described above, and an additive, wherein the additive comprises a hemp plastic fibre, a natural hemp fibre (optionally the natural hemp fibre may be combined with manilla hemp fibres and / or bamboo fibres) and a geotextile component.

[0156] The sports facility may be selected from the group consisting of a riding arena, a driving arena (e.g. a horse driving arena where a horse pulls a sulky, spider, chariot or carriage occupied by a driver), an artificial football pitch, a golf course, a tennis court, a padel court, a playground, a racecourse (for horse racing, camel raising or dog raising), an athletic track (for human racing). Preferably, the sports facility may be a riding arena, a driving arena, an artificial football pitch, a golf course, a tennis court, or a padel court. Even more preferably, the sports facility may be a riding arena, or a driving arena.

[0157] A riding arena may be a controlled and designated space where riders can work with their horses, practice various exercises, and engage in equestrian disciplines such as dressage, jumping, reining, or just do or practice simple horse-back riding. These arenas can vary in size, construction, and features based on the intended use and the discipline for which they are designed.

[0158] The riding arenas may be an indoor riding arena or an outdoor riding arena.

[0159] Preferably, the riding arena may be a horse riding arena, a horse diving arena, a camel riding arena, an ostrich riding arena, or a bull riding arena. Even more preferably, the animal area may be a horse riding arena or a horse driving arena.

[0160] In an embodiment of the present invention the surface may be a footing layer of a riding arena.

[0161] In an embodiment of the present invention the surface may be a footing layer of a riding arena, a driving arena or racecourse.

[0162] In the context of equestrian arenas or riding arenas, the term "footing layer" refers to the

[0163] The footing layer may relate to the surface applied to the ground to create a suitable and safe surface for animals (like horses, camels, or bulls) and the riders. The footing layer may be crucial for the well-being of the animals, as it impacts factors such as traction, shock absorption, and overall comfort. The choice of materials for the footing layer may depend on the discipline, preferences of riders, and the intended use of the arena.

[0164] A preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of an additive comprising a hemp plastic fibre and / or a hemp natural fibre in a surface for the ground of a sports facility.

[0165] A further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to the use of a hemp plastic fibre and / or a hemp natural fibre in a surface for the ground of a sports facility.

[0166] An even further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for applying an additive comprising a hemp plastic fibre and / or a hemp natural fibre to a ground of a sports facility.

[0167] An even further preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a method for improving a ground of a sports facility, the method comprises the steps of: prepare an additive comprising a hemp plastic fibre and / or a hemp natural fibre; optionally coating and / or impregnating the additive or a part of the additive; optionally, add a geotextile component to the additive; optionally mixing the additive with a silicate material providing a surface; and applying the additive and / or the surface to the ground of a sports facility.

[0168] In the context the of the present invention the term "(w / w)" may relate to weight-by- weight ratio and demonstrates the content of a substance in a solution of mixture.

[0169] The invention will now be described in further details in the following non-limiting examples. It is emphasised that embodiments and features described in the context of the aspects or embodiment of the present invention also apply to the following examples of the present invention.

[0170] Examples

[0171] Example 1

[0172] Equestrian arena suitable for practice horse-back riding

[0173] In an embodiment of the present invention relates to a surface / footing layer suitable for an equestrian arena provided for practice horse-back riding, the footing layer comprising an additive, and the additive comprises in the range og 5-15% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, preferably, in the range of 8-12% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, more preferably about 10% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres.

[0174] In a further embodiment of the present invention, part of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre (in particular a natural hemp fibre, manilla hemp fibre, bamboo fibre, or a combination hereof). At most 50% of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre, such as at most 40% (w / w), e.g. at most 30% (w / w) such as at most 20% (w / w), e.g. at most 10% (w / w).

[0175] The additive used in the footing layer suitable for an equestrian arena provided for practice horse-back riding, may be coated and / or impregnated. Preferably, the additive suitable for an equestrian arena provided for practice horse-back riding further comprises and in the range of 85-95% (w / w) geotextile component, such as in the range of 88-92% (w / w), e.g. about 90% (w / w).

[0176] The footing layer suitable for an equestrian arena provided for practice horse-back riding may comprise in the range of 5-40% (w / w) of the additive, such as in the range of 7-30% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 9-20% (w / w), such as about 10% (w / w).

[0177] The footing layer suitable for an equestrian arena provided for practice horse-back riding may further comprise in the range of 60-95% (w / w) of a silicate material, such as in the range of 70-93% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 80-91% (w / w), such as about 90% (w / w).

[0178] Example 2

[0179] Equestrian arena suitable for racecourses

[0180] In an embodiment of the present invention relates to a surface / footing layer suitable for racecourses (e.g. for horse racing, camel raising or dog raising), the footing layer comprising an additive, and the additive comprises in the range og 15-35% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, preferably, in the range of 20-30% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, more preferably about 25% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres.

[0181] In a further embodiment of the present invention, part of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre (in particular a natural hemp fibre, manilla hemp fibre, bamboo fibre, or a combination hereof). At most 50% of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre, such as at most 40% (w / w), e.g. at most 30% (w / w) such as at most 20% (w / w), e.g. at most 10% (w / w).

[0182] The additive used in the footing layer suitable for racecourses, may be coated and / or impregnated.

[0183] Preferably, the additive suitable for racecourses further comprises and in the range of 65- 85% (w / w) geotextile component, such as in the range of 70-80% (w / w), e.g. about 75% (w / w).

[0184] The footing layer suitable for racecourses may comprise in the range of 5-40% (w / w) of the additive, such as in the range of 7-30% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 9-20% (w / w), such as about 10% (w / w). The footing layer suitable for racecourses may further comprise in the range of 60-95% (w / w) of a silicate material, such as in the range of 70-93% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 80- 91% (w / w), such as about 90% (w / w).

[0185] Example 3

[0186] Equestrian arena suitable for jumping

[0187] In an embodiment of the present invention relates to a surface / footing layer suitable for jumping, the footing layer comprising an additive, and the additive comprises in the range og 10-30% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, preferably, in the range of 15-25% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, more preferably about 20% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres.

[0188] In a further embodiment of the present invention, part of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre (in particular a natural hemp fibre, manilla hemp fibre, bamboo fibre, or a combination hereof). At most 50% of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre, such as at most 40% (w / w), e.g. at most 30% (w / w) such as at most 20% (w / w), e.g. at most 10% (w / w).

[0189] The additive used in the footing layer suitable for jumping, may be coated and / or impregnated.

[0190] Preferably, the additive suitable for jumping further comprises and in the range of 70-90% (w / w) geotextile component, such as in the range of 75-85% (w / w), e.g. about 80% (w / w).

[0191] The footing layer suitable for jumping may comprise in the range of 5-40% (w / w) of the additive, such as in the range of 7-30% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 9-20% (w / w), such as about 10% (w / w).

[0192] The footing layer suitable for jumping may further comprise in the range of 60-95% (w / w) of a silicate material, such as in the range of 70-93% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 80-91% (w / w), such as about 90% (w / w).

[0193] Example 4

[0194] Equestrian arena suitable for dressage In an embodiment of the present invention relates to a surface / footing layer suitable for dressage, the footing layer comprising an additive, and the additive comprises in the range og 5-15% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, preferably, in the range of 8-12% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, more preferably about 10% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres.

[0195] In a further embodiment of the present invention, part of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre (in particular a natural hemp fibre, manilla hemp fibre, bamboo fibre, or a combination hereof). At most 50% of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre, such as at most 40% (w / w), e.g. at most 30% (w / w) such as at most 20% (w / w), e.g. at most 10% (w / w).

[0196] The additive used in the footing layer suitable for dressage, may be coated and / or impregnated.

[0197] Preferably, the additive suitable for dressage further comprises and in the range of 85- 95% (w / w) geotextile component, such as in the range of 88-92% (w / w), e.g. about 90% (w / w).

[0198] The footing layer suitable for dressage may comprise in the range of 5-40% (w / w) of the additive, such as in the range of 7-30% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 9-20% (w / w), such as about 10% (w / w).

[0199] The footing layer suitable for dressage may further comprise in the range of 60-95% (w / w) of a silicate material, such as in the range of 70-93% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 80-91% (w / w), such as about 90% (w / w).

[0200] Example 5

[0201] Equestrian arena suitable for a driving arena (e.g. a horse driving arena where a horse pulls a sulky, spider, chariot or carriage occupied by a driver)

[0202] In an embodiment of the present invention relates to a surface / footing layer suitable for horse driving, the footing layer comprising an additive, and the additive comprises in the range og 10-30% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, preferably, in the range of 15-25% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres, more preferably about 20% (w / w) hemp plastic fibres.

[0203] In a further embodiment of the present invention, part of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre (in particular a natural hemp fibre, manilla hemp fibre, bamboo fibre, or a combination hereof). At most 50% of the hemp plastic fibre may be substituted with a natural fibre, such as at most 40% (w / w), e.g. at most 30% (w / w) such as at most 20% (w / w), e.g. at most 10% (w / w).

[0204] The additive used in the footing layer suitable for horse driving, may be coated and / or impregnated.

[0205] Preferably, the additive suitable for horse driving further comprises and in the range of 70- 90% (w / w) geotextile component, such as in the range of 75-85% (w / w), e.g. about 80% (w / w).

[0206] The footing layer suitable for horse driving may comprise in the range of 5-40% (w / w) of the additive, such as in the range of 7-30% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 9-20% (w / w), such as about 10% (w / w).

[0207] The footing layer suitable for horse driving may further comprise in the range of 60-95% (w / w) of a silicate material, such as in the range of 70-93% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 80- 91% (w / w), such as about 90% (w / w).

Claims

Claims1. An additive for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, the additive comprises a bioplastic, wherein the bioplastic comprises a hemp plastic fibre.

2. The additive according to claim 1, wherein the hemp plastic fibre has a length in the range of 5-75 pm, such as in the range of 7-70 pm, e.g. in the range of 10-65 pm, such as in the range of 12-60 pm, e.g. in the range of 14-55 pm, such as in the range of 16-50 pm, e.g. in the range of 18-48 pm, such as in the range of 20-46 pm, e.g. in the range of 24-44 pm, such as in the range of 28-42 pm, e.g. in the range of 32-40 pm.

3. The additive according to anyone of claims 1-2, wherein the additive comprises in the range of 5-50% (w / w) hemp plastic fibre, such as in the range of 7.5-40% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 10-30% (w / w), such as in the range of 12.5-25% (w / w), e.g. in the range of 15-20% (w / w).

4. The additive according to anyone of claims 1-3, wherein the additive comprises a natural biofibre.

5. The additive according to claim 4, wherein the natural biofibre comprises hemp natural fibres.

6. The additive according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the additive further comprises a woody biomass.

7. The additive according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the woody biomass may comprise hemp shives.

8. The additive according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the additive comprises a geotextile component.

9. The additive according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein at least part of the additive is impregnated and / or coated.

10. An additive for a surface for the ground of a riding arena, wherein the additive comprises a bioplastic11. The additive according to claim 10, wherein the bioplastic comprises a hemp plastic fibre.

12. A surface for the ground of a sports facility, wherein the surface comprising an additive according to anyone of claims 1-11.

13. The surface according to claim 12, wherein the surface is supplemented with a silicate material.

14. The surface according to anyone of claims 12-13, wherein the surface is a footing layer of a riding arena.

15. The surface according to anyone of claims 12-14, wherein the additive further comprises a woody biomass.

16. The surface according to anyone of claims 12-15, wherein the woody biomass may comprise hemp shives.

17. Use of an additive according to anyone of claims 1-11, for a surface for the ground of a sports facility, in particular for a riding arena.